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Alphonse Mingana - Wikipedia

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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Alphonse+Mingana%22">"Alphonse Mingana"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Alphonse+Mingana%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Alphonse+Mingana%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Alphonse+Mingana%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Alphonse+Mingana%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Alphonse+Mingana%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Alphonse Mingana<br /><span title="Syriac-language text"><span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܐܠܦܘܢܨ ܡܢܓܢܐ</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alphonse_Mingana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Alphonse_Mingana.jpg/220px-Alphonse_Mingana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Alphonse_Mingana.jpg/330px-Alphonse_Mingana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Alphonse_Mingana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1878<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Sharanesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharanesh">Sharanesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1937-12-05</span>)</span>5 December 1937<br />(aged 59)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">theologian, historian, orientalist</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alphonse Mingana</b> (born as <b>Hurmiz Mingana</b>; <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>: <span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܗܪܡܙ ܡܢܓܢܐ</span>, in 1878 at <a href="/wiki/Sharanesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharanesh">Sharanesh</a>, a village near <a href="/wiki/Zakho" title="Zakho">Zakho</a> (present day <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>) - died 5 December 1937 <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>) was an <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologian">theologian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syriacist" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriacist">Syriacist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">orientalist</a> and a former priest who is best known for collecting and preserving the <b>Mingana Collection</b> of ancient Middle Eastern manuscripts at Birmingham. Like the majority of Assyrians in the Zakho region, his family belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a>. Alphonse was born to Paolus and Maryam Nano, and had seven siblings. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrival_in_England">Arrival in England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_Mingana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Arrival in England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1913 Mingana came to England at the invitation of <a href="/wiki/J._Rendel_Harris" title="J. Rendel Harris">J. Rendel Harris</a>, Director of Studies at <a href="/wiki/Woodbrooke_Quaker_Study_Centre" title="Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre">Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> Settlement at <a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak" title="Selly Oak">Selly Oak</a> in Birmingham. Mingana remained at Woodbrooke for two years where he met his future wife, Emma Sophie Floor, a Norwegian student. The couple were married in 1915. In the same year Mingana was appointed to the staff of the <a href="/wiki/John_Rylands_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rylands Library">John Rylands Library</a> in Manchester to catalogue the Library's collection of Arabic manuscripts. He lived in Manchester until 1932 during which time his two children, John and Marie, were born. By the time Mingana left John Rylands in 1932 he had risen to the post of Keeper of the Oriental Manuscripts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Mingana_Collection">The Mingana Collection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_Mingana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: The Mingana Collection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mingana_Collection" title="Mingana Collection">Mingana Collection</a></div> <p>In 1924 Mingana made the first of three trips to the Middle East to collect ancient <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> manuscripts. The expedition was sponsored by John Rylands Library and Dr <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cadbury" title="Edward Cadbury">Edward Cadbury</a>, the Quaker owner of the famous chocolate factory at <a href="/wiki/Bournville" title="Bournville">Bournville</a>, whom Mingana had met through Rendel Harris. A number of the manuscripts he returned with formed the basis of the Mingana Collection at Woodbrooke. Mingana added to the collection with manuscripts acquired on two further trips to the Middle East in 1925 and 1929, both trips were financed solely by Edward Cadbury. In 1932 Mingana moved back to Birmingham to focus on cataloging the collection. The first catalogue describing 606 Syriac manuscripts was published in 1933. A further volume published in 1936 describes 120 Christian Arabic manuscripts and 16 Syriac manuscripts. The third volume, cataloging 152 Christian Arabic manuscripts and 40 Syriac manuscripts was published in 1939, two years after Mingana's death. </p><p>The Mingana Collection is housed at Special Collections at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> where it is available for study.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The collection is designated by the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council as being of international importance. </p><p>Papers of Alphonse Mingana, including his correspondence, notebooks, reports and other items, are also held at the Cadbury Research Library (reference number DA66).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_Mingana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Catalogue</dt></dl> <ul><li>1934: <i>Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the John Rylands Library, Manchester</i>. 1192 p. Manchester: Manchester University Press</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_sources">References and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_Mingana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>References</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calmview.bham.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&amp;id=XMINGANA">"UoB Calmview5: Search results"</a>. <i>calmview.bham.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=calmview.bham.ac.uk&amp;rft.atitle=UoB+Calmview5%3A+Search+results&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmview.bham.ac.uk%2FRecord.aspx%3Fsrc%3DCalmView.Catalog%26id%3DXMINGANA&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+Mingana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.special-coll.bham.ac.uk">Special Collections</a> at www.special-coll.bham.ac.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calmview.bham.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&amp;id=XDA66">"UoB Calmview5: Search results"</a>. <i>calmview.bham.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=calmview.bham.ac.uk&amp;rft.atitle=UoB+Calmview5%3A+Search+results&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmview.bham.ac.uk%2FRecord.aspx%3Fsrc%3DCalmView.Catalog%26id%3DXDA66&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+Mingana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock1967" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_P._Brock" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian P. Brock">Brock, Sebastian P.</a> (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m2723&amp;datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF">"Alphonse Mingana and the Letter of Philoxenus to Abu Afr"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin of the John Rylands Library</i>. <b>50</b> (1): 199–206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7227%2FBJRL.50.1.10">10.7227/BJRL.50.1.10</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+John+Rylands+Library&amp;rft.atitle=Alphonse+Mingana+and+the+Letter+of+Philoxenus+to+Abu+Afr&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=199-206&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7227%2FBJRL.50.1.10&amp;rft.aulast=Brock&amp;rft.aufirst=Sebastian+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholar.manchester.ac.uk%2Fapi%2Fdatastream%3FpublicationPid%3Duk-ac-man-scw%3A1m2723%26datastreamId%3DPOST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+Mingana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Coakley, J. F. (1993) <i>A Catalogue of the Syriac Manuscripts in the John Rylands Library</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_John_Rylands_University_Library_of_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester">Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester</a>, Vol. 75, No. 2, Summer 1993.</li> <li>Hunt, Lucy-Anne (1997) <i>The Mingana and Related Collections</i> Birmingham: Edward Cadbury Charitable Trust</li> <li>Margoliouth, D. S. &amp; Woledge, G. (1939) <i>A. Mingana: a Biography and Bibliography</i>. Birmingham: Selly Oak Colleges</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamir,_Kahil_Samir" class="citation web cs1">Samir, Kahil Samir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812210549/http://www.mingana.bham.ac.uk/biog.pdf">"<i>Alphonse Mingana 1878-1937</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Selly Oak Colleges, Birmingham, 1990. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mingana.bham.ac.uk/biog.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Alphonse+Mingana+1878-1937&amp;rft.pub=Selly+Oak+Colleges%2C+Birmingham%2C+1990&amp;rft.au=Samir%2C+Kahil+Samir&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mingana.bham.ac.uk%2Fbiog.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+Mingana" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_Mingana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alphonse_Mingana" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Alphonse Mingana">Alphonse Mingana</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33436021">'Oldest' Koran fragments found in Birmingham University - 22 July 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715162712/http://www.mingana.bham.ac.uk/mingana.shtml">Biography</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vmr.bham.ac.uk/Collections/Mingana/">Mingana Collection at the Virtual Manuscript Room</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202160732/http://vmr.bham.ac.uk/Collections/Mingana/">Archived</a> 2019-12-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 71 digitized manuscripts from the Mingana Collection.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.special-coll.bham.ac.uk">University of Birmingham Special Collections</a> How to visit and access the Mingana Collection</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051102070410/http://www.mingana.bham.ac.uk/index.htm">Illuminating Faith</a> Exhibition of manuscripts from the Mingana Collection</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/Mss/vowel.html">Islamic-Awareness, From Alphonse Mingana to Christoph Luxenberg: "Arabic Script &amp; the Alleged Syriac Origins of the Qur'an"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117048003">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89670908">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10445445z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10445445z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073485969">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90324327">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8bcflg5b0t0cq">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&amp;url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&amp;id=495/187577">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007303439805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07270513?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117048003.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117048003">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/121981908">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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