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Despite a spate of government policies to boost births, young adults remain reluctant owing to high child-rearing costs, the state of the job market, and evolving social attitudes that have similarly decreased the marriage rate."/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@SCMPNews"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="282931841805811"/><meta property="og:title" content="China birth rate: Latest News and Updates | South China Morning Post"/><meta property="og:description" content="China’s birth rate – the number of births per 1,000 people – has fallen yearly since 2016. In 2023, it reached an all-time low of 6.39, equating to 9.02 million births – the lowest annual figure since records began in 1949. Despite a spate of government policies to boost births, young adults remain reluctant owing to high child-rearing costs, the state of the job market, and evolving social attitudes that have similarly decreased the marriage rate."/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.scmp.com/topics/china-birth-rate"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/_next/static/media/default-image.d1be8967.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="South China Morning Post"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.scmp.com/topics/china-birth-rate"/><meta content="623201967" property="al:ios:app_store_id"/><meta content="SCMP" property="al:ios:app_name"/><meta content="com.scmp.newspulse" property="al:android:package"/><meta content="SCMP" property="al:android:app_name"/><meta content="app-id=623201967" name="apple-itunes-app"/><meta content="China birth rate" name="keywords"/><meta content="China birth rate" 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8:00AM</time><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicPage-ComponentType" class="css-1d09uax eksbmxt17"><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsContainer" class="css-1amvjzo ez1wmkq3"><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsLeftContainer" class="css-1u1cusz ez1wmkq2"><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di2 e1daqvjd0 css-g1onk eqs07hl8" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-Content" class="css-0 eqs07hl7"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl eqs07hl4"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/trending-in-china" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Trending in China</a></div><a target="_self" class="eqs07hl6 css-1666y5f e1llv60l0" href="/news/people-culture/trending-china/article/3287011/china-firm-offers-cash-incentives-help-staff-find-love-boost-happiness-sense-belonging" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-LinkHighlightArea" class="css-0 e5db3f90"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1t4iatj eqs07hl3"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China firm offers cash incentives to help staff find love, boost overall happiness</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-3d0br4 eqs07hl2"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">‘Love should not be measured by money,’ says one commenter. </h3></div></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-ul16er eqs07hl1"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-11-18T10:00:10.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">18 Nov 2024 - 6:00PM</time><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="Component-CoverImage" class="css-4u8npg eqs07hl0"><a target="_self" class="eqs07hl6 css-1666y5f e1llv60l0" href="/news/people-culture/trending-china/article/3287011/china-firm-offers-cash-incentives-help-staff-find-love-boost-happiness-sense-belonging" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><figure class="css-724ns2 e14qznha1" data-qa="ContentCoverImage-Figure"><picture data-qa="BaseImage-picture"><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:1070px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/18/67f7fffe-b77d-49de-8eef-1918f84ceff3_c3fec256.jpg?itok=zo73xv27&v=1731909892" data-qa="BaseImage-source-0"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:768px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/18/67f7fffe-b77d-49de-8eef-1918f84ceff3_c3fec256.jpg?itok=zo73xv27&v=1731909892" data-qa="BaseImage-source-1"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="540" media="(min-width:0px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/18/67f7fffe-b77d-49de-8eef-1918f84ceff3_c3fec256.jpg?itok=Y6Wqpv_u&v=1731909892" data-qa="BaseImage-source-2"/><img alt="A company in southern China offers cash incentives to encourage single employees to date, aiming to boost happiness. Photo: SCMP composite/Shutterstock" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/18/67f7fffe-b77d-49de-8eef-1918f84ceff3_c3fec256.jpg" class="css-bpznz9 e445x7d0"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/18/67f7fffe-b77d-49de-8eef-1918f84ceff3_c3fec256.jpg"}</script></picture></figure></a></div></div></div><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/trending-in-china" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Trending in China</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/news/people-culture/trending-china/article/3286711/china-mum-has-9-kids-aiming-1-each-zodiac-sign-avoid-wasting-husbands-genes" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China mum has 9 kids, aims for 1 of each zodiac sign, not ‘wasting’ hubby’s genes</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">Woman hopes each of her nine children will also have nine children, following her family model. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-11-17T06:00:16.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">17 Nov 2024 - 2:00PM</time><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"><a target="_self" class="css-e0dnmk e1llv60l0" href="/news/people-culture/trending-china/article/3286711/china-mum-has-9-kids-aiming-1-each-zodiac-sign-avoid-wasting-husbands-genes#comments" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div class="e16puzk40 css-2vgm5q e6yzu580" data-qa="ArticleComment-Container"><span>4</span><svg height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="ArticleComment-StyledCommentIcon" class="css-0 e6yzu581"><path d="M4.73 13.852h9.176c.545 0 1.014-.2 1.405-.598a1.94 1.94 0 0 0 .587-1.406V3.094c0-.539-.196-1.008-.587-1.406a1.904 1.904 0 0 0-1.405-.598H3.094c-.545 0-1.014.2-1.405.598-.39.398-.587.867-.587 1.406v12.938zM16.093.914A3.03 3.03 0 0 1 17 3.13v8.683c0 .868-.302 1.606-.907 2.215a2.967 2.967 0 0 1-2.187.914H5.014L0 18V3.129C0 2.262.302 1.524.907.914A2.972 2.972 0 0 1 3.094 0h10.812c.854 0 1.583.305 2.187.914z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsRightContainer" class="css-1nskm5y ez1wmkq1"><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/china-science" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Science</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/news/china/science/article/3285549/stem-cell-study-could-bring-hope-women-struggling-fertility" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">Stem cell study could bring hope to women struggling with fertility</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">Findings of study by Chinese scientists may help extend women’s reproductive lifespan as the average age of having children rises. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-11-08T07:50:50.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">8 Nov 2024 - 3:50PM</time><span class="material-icons e16puzk43 css-1xcu7u2 e4r93eh0" data-qa="Icon-IconStyled">videocam</span><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-renderLastItemAd-AdsSlotContainer" class="css-11xhpt9 ez1wmkq0"><div class="css-1iq1emw e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div><div class="css-3bors5 e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicPage-ComponentType" class="css-o0r81o eksbmxt16"><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsContainer" class="css-1amvjzo ez1wmkq3"><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsLeftContainer" class="css-1u1cusz ez1wmkq2"><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di2 e1daqvjd0 css-g1onk eqs07hl8" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-Content" class="css-0 eqs07hl7"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl eqs07hl4"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/chinas-population" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China's population</a></div><a target="_self" class="eqs07hl6 css-1666y5f e1llv60l0" href="/opinion/china-opinion/article/3285146/chinas-bleak-demographic-condition-offers-harsh-lessons-policymakers" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-LinkHighlightArea" class="css-0 e5db3f90"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1t4iatj eqs07hl3"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span color="#34b8b5" data-qa="ContentHeadlineTag-renderFlag-Flag" class="css-1g12ro2 e1q1c9am0">My Take<span data-qa="ContentHeadlineTag-renderFlag-FlagDivider" class="css-0 e1q1c9am1"> | </span></span><span data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China’s bleak demographic condition offers harsh lessons for policymakers</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-3d0br4 eqs07hl2"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">Beijing’s efforts to cultivate a ‘birth-friendly society’ marks an about-turn from its rigid, decades-long enforcement of a one-child policy. </h3></div></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-ul16er eqs07hl1"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-11-04T23:00:08.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">5 Nov 2024 - 7:00AM</time><span class="material-icons e16puzk43 css-1xcu7u2 e4r93eh0" data-qa="Icon-IconStyled">videocam</span><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="Component-CoverImage" class="css-4u8npg eqs07hl0"><a target="_self" class="eqs07hl6 css-1666y5f e1llv60l0" href="/opinion/china-opinion/article/3285146/chinas-bleak-demographic-condition-offers-harsh-lessons-policymakers" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><figure class="css-724ns2 e14qznha1" data-qa="ContentCoverImage-Figure"><picture data-qa="BaseImage-picture"><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:1070px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/04/251d290c-705a-48a0-a6f3-a2583b40b1e7_27ac60b6.jpg?itok=uUWtt5dH&v=1730716282" data-qa="BaseImage-source-0"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:768px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/04/251d290c-705a-48a0-a6f3-a2583b40b1e7_27ac60b6.jpg?itok=uUWtt5dH&v=1730716282" data-qa="BaseImage-source-1"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="540" media="(min-width:0px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/04/251d290c-705a-48a0-a6f3-a2583b40b1e7_27ac60b6.jpg?itok=-TVz3QUy&v=1730716282" data-qa="BaseImage-source-2"/><img alt="Children play at a kindergarten in Fuyang, a city in eastern Anhui province. China’s birth rate in 2025 could fall to 8 million. Photo: Future Publishing via Getty Images" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/04/251d290c-705a-48a0-a6f3-a2583b40b1e7_27ac60b6.jpg" class="css-bpznz9 e445x7d0"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/04/251d290c-705a-48a0-a6f3-a2583b40b1e7_27ac60b6.jpg"}</script></picture></figure></a></div></div></div><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/trending-in-china" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Trending in China</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/news/people-culture/gender-diversity/article/3284665/marriage-school-china-city-bold-measures-boost-nuptials-birth-rates-spark-criticism" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China city’s bold measures to boost marriage, birth rates spark harsh criticism</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">Government slogans like ‘I enjoy making breakfast’, ‘Having three children is the coolest’ have drawn criticism. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-11-02T10:05:19.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">2 Nov 2024 - 6:05PM</time><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsRightContainer" class="css-1nskm5y ez1wmkq1"><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/chinas-communist-party" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China’s Communist Party</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/news/china/politics/article/3284192/chinese-government-workers-call-women-urge-pregnancy-latest-birth-rate-push" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">Chinese government workers urge women to get pregnant in latest birth rate push</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">The national grass-roots campaign to gauge sentiment and create pregnancy incentives is running into lingering resentment and worry, officials say. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-10-28T22:21:04.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">29 Oct 2024 - 6:21AM</time><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"><a target="_self" class="css-e0dnmk e1llv60l0" href="/news/china/politics/article/3284192/chinese-government-workers-call-women-urge-pregnancy-latest-birth-rate-push#comments" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div class="e16puzk40 css-2vgm5q e6yzu580" data-qa="ArticleComment-Container"><span>31</span><svg height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="ArticleComment-StyledCommentFilledIcon" class="css-0 e6yzu582"><path d="M14 .5A2.496 2.496 0 0 1 16.5 3v9c0 .69-.28 1.315-.732 1.768A2.492 2.492 0 0 1 14 14.5H4.764L.5 17.108V3c0-.69.28-1.315.732-1.768A2.492 2.492 0 0 1 3 .5z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity="0.15" stroke="currentColor"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/chinas-population" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China's population</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3284049/thousands-chinese-kindergartens-close-falling-birth-rate-takes-its-toll" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">Thousands of Chinese kindergartens close as falling birth rate takes its toll</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">Last year saw the number of kindergartens fall by over 5 per cent while the number of children enrolling dropped by more than 11 per cent. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-10-28T01:24:19.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">28 Oct 2024 - 9:24AM</time><span class="material-icons e16puzk43 css-1xcu7u2 e4r93eh0" data-qa="Icon-IconStyled">videocam</span><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"><a target="_self" class="css-e0dnmk e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3284049/thousands-chinese-kindergartens-close-falling-birth-rate-takes-its-toll#comments" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div class="e16puzk40 css-2vgm5q e6yzu580" data-qa="ArticleComment-Container"><span>7</span><svg height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="ArticleComment-StyledCommentIcon" class="css-0 e6yzu581"><path d="M4.73 13.852h9.176c.545 0 1.014-.2 1.405-.598a1.94 1.94 0 0 0 .587-1.406V3.094c0-.539-.196-1.008-.587-1.406a1.904 1.904 0 0 0-1.405-.598H3.094c-.545 0-1.014.2-1.405.598-.39.398-.587.867-.587 1.406v12.938zM16.093.914A3.03 3.03 0 0 1 17 3.13v8.683c0 .868-.302 1.606-.907 2.215a2.967 2.967 0 0 1-2.187.914H5.014L0 18V3.129C0 2.262.302 1.524.907.914A2.972 2.972 0 0 1 3.094 0h10.812c.854 0 1.583.305 2.187.914z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l2 css-o8oaax e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3284049/thousands-chinese-kindergartens-close-falling-birth-rate-takes-its-toll" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-CoverImage" class="css-wvjyfk efy545l1"><figure class="css-724ns2 e14qznha1" data-qa="ContentCoverImage-Figure"><picture data-qa="BaseImage-picture"><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:1070px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/27/1fd82e3d-4b4d-42e2-9ec7-19b130a934c7_75f973c6.jpg?itok=shfkdMaj&v=1730013407" data-qa="BaseImage-source-0"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:768px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/27/1fd82e3d-4b4d-42e2-9ec7-19b130a934c7_75f973c6.jpg?itok=shfkdMaj&v=1730013407" data-qa="BaseImage-source-1"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="540" media="(min-width:0px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/27/1fd82e3d-4b4d-42e2-9ec7-19b130a934c7_75f973c6.jpg?itok=5Ooj72ha&v=1730013407" data-qa="BaseImage-source-2"/><img alt="The number of children enrolled in kindergartens has fallen over the past three years. Photo: Getty Images" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/27/1fd82e3d-4b4d-42e2-9ec7-19b130a934c7_75f973c6.jpg" class="css-bpznz9 e445x7d0"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/27/1fd82e3d-4b4d-42e2-9ec7-19b130a934c7_75f973c6.jpg"}</script></picture></figure></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicPage-ComponentType" class="css-1rh9bp4 eksbmxt15"><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsContainer" class="css-1amvjzo ez1wmkq3"><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsLeftContainer" class="css-1u1cusz ez1wmkq2"><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di2 e1daqvjd0 css-g1onk eqs07hl8" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-Content" class="css-0 eqs07hl7"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl eqs07hl4"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/trending-in-china" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Trending in China</a></div><a target="_self" class="eqs07hl6 css-1666y5f e1llv60l0" href="/news/people-culture/gender-diversity/article/3282574/chinas-35-million-leftover-men-spark-foreign-brides-idea-tackle-gender-imbalance" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-LinkHighlightArea" class="css-0 e5db3f90"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1t4iatj eqs07hl3"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China’s 35 million ‘leftover men’ spark overseas brides idea to fix gender gulf</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-3d0br4 eqs07hl2"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">Legacy of one-child policy, changing social norms leave tens of millions of mainland men bereft of a woman. </h3></div></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-ul16er eqs07hl1"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-10-20T10:40:05.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">20 Oct 2024 - 6:40PM</time><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"><a target="_self" class="css-e0dnmk e1llv60l0" href="/news/people-culture/gender-diversity/article/3282574/chinas-35-million-leftover-men-spark-foreign-brides-idea-tackle-gender-imbalance#comments" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div class="e16puzk40 css-2vgm5q e6yzu580" data-qa="ArticleComment-Container"><span>5</span><svg height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="ArticleComment-StyledCommentIcon" class="css-0 e6yzu581"><path d="M4.73 13.852h9.176c.545 0 1.014-.2 1.405-.598a1.94 1.94 0 0 0 .587-1.406V3.094c0-.539-.196-1.008-.587-1.406a1.904 1.904 0 0 0-1.405-.598H3.094c-.545 0-1.014.2-1.405.598-.39.398-.587.867-.587 1.406v12.938zM16.093.914A3.03 3.03 0 0 1 17 3.13v8.683c0 .868-.302 1.606-.907 2.215a2.967 2.967 0 0 1-2.187.914H5.014L0 18V3.129C0 2.262.302 1.524.907.914A2.972 2.972 0 0 1 3.094 0h10.812c.854 0 1.583.305 2.187.914z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="Component-CoverImage" class="css-4u8npg eqs07hl0"><a target="_self" class="eqs07hl6 css-1666y5f e1llv60l0" href="/news/people-culture/gender-diversity/article/3282574/chinas-35-million-leftover-men-spark-foreign-brides-idea-tackle-gender-imbalance" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><figure class="css-724ns2 e14qznha1" data-qa="ContentCoverImage-Figure"><picture data-qa="BaseImage-picture"><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:1070px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/16/b35e620d-0c61-499c-bf80-626e17ec9d4d_8788ca74.jpg?itok=wf66SMBk&v=1729065426" data-qa="BaseImage-source-0"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:768px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/16/b35e620d-0c61-499c-bf80-626e17ec9d4d_8788ca74.jpg?itok=wf66SMBk&v=1729065426" data-qa="BaseImage-source-1"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="540" media="(min-width:0px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/16/b35e620d-0c61-499c-bf80-626e17ec9d4d_8788ca74.jpg?itok=IjV-Uwtc&v=1729065426" data-qa="BaseImage-source-2"/><img alt="A controversial suggestion to “import” women from overseas to ease the problems of China’s 35 million so-called leftover men has sparked a fierce online debate. Photo: SCMP composite/Shutterstock" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/16/b35e620d-0c61-499c-bf80-626e17ec9d4d_8788ca74.jpg" class="css-bpznz9 e445x7d0"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/16/b35e620d-0c61-499c-bf80-626e17ec9d4d_8788ca74.jpg"}</script></picture></figure></a></div></div></div><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/trending-in-china" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Trending in China</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/news/people-culture/trending-china/article/3281815/young-men-china-share-vasectomy-experiences-online-foster-new-good-man-image" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China young men share vasectomy experiences online, foster ‘new good man’ image</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">As gender equality gains traction, younger generation of men proud to share family, contraceptive responsibilities long endured by women. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-10-12T06:00:10.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">12 Oct 2024 - 2:00PM</time><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsRightContainer" class="css-1nskm5y ez1wmkq1"><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/china-economy" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China economy</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/opinion/china-opinion/article/3281644/chinas-stimulus-measures-just-first-step-economic-reform-journey" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span color="#34b8b5" data-qa="ContentHeadlineTag-renderFlag-Flag" class="css-1g12ro2 e1q1c9am0">Opinion<span data-qa="ContentHeadlineTag-renderFlag-FlagDivider" class="css-0 e1q1c9am1"> | </span></span><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China’s path to sustainable growth goes beyond economic stimulus</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">The path to sustained growth requires an approach that goes beyond short-term intervention and addresses underlying issues. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-10-10T18:47:11.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">11 Oct 2024 - 2:47AM</time><span class="material-icons e16puzk43 css-1xcu7u2 e4r93eh0" data-qa="Icon-IconStyled">videocam</span><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/chinas-population" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China's population</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3276600/chinas-birth-rate-unlikely-benefit-influx-filipino-helpers-analysts-say" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China’s birth rate unlikely to benefit from Filipino helpers, analysts say</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">The use of foreign domestic helpers in China to lower the costs of child care, mirroring a move by South Korea, would not do much for the declining birth rate, analysts say. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-08-31T00:00:10.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">31 Aug 2024 - 8:00AM</time><span class="material-icons e16puzk43 css-1xcu7u2 e4r93eh0" data-qa="Icon-IconStyled">videocam</span><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"><a target="_self" class="css-e0dnmk e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3276600/chinas-birth-rate-unlikely-benefit-influx-filipino-helpers-analysts-say#comments" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div class="e16puzk40 css-2vgm5q e6yzu580" data-qa="ArticleComment-Container"><span>9</span><svg height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="ArticleComment-StyledCommentIcon" class="css-0 e6yzu581"><path d="M4.73 13.852h9.176c.545 0 1.014-.2 1.405-.598a1.94 1.94 0 0 0 .587-1.406V3.094c0-.539-.196-1.008-.587-1.406a1.904 1.904 0 0 0-1.405-.598H3.094c-.545 0-1.014.2-1.405.598-.39.398-.587.867-.587 1.406v12.938zM16.093.914A3.03 3.03 0 0 1 17 3.13v8.683c0 .868-.302 1.606-.907 2.215a2.967 2.967 0 0 1-2.187.914H5.014L0 18V3.129C0 2.262.302 1.524.907.914A2.972 2.972 0 0 1 3.094 0h10.812c.854 0 1.583.305 2.187.914z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l2 css-o8oaax e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3276600/chinas-birth-rate-unlikely-benefit-influx-filipino-helpers-analysts-say" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-CoverImage" class="css-wvjyfk efy545l1"><figure class="css-724ns2 e14qznha1" data-qa="ContentCoverImage-Figure"><picture data-qa="BaseImage-picture"><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:1070px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/08/30/37cf3a75-4674-4f70-a01e-b732e88b8eb4_bee46cb7.jpg?itok=u8YIVGZz&v=1725011016" data-qa="BaseImage-source-0"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:768px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/08/30/37cf3a75-4674-4f70-a01e-b732e88b8eb4_bee46cb7.jpg?itok=u8YIVGZz&v=1725011016" data-qa="BaseImage-source-1"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="540" media="(min-width:0px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/08/30/37cf3a75-4674-4f70-a01e-b732e88b8eb4_bee46cb7.jpg?itok=Vxf5blC2&v=1725011016" data-qa="BaseImage-source-2"/><img alt="South Korea’s controversial plan to hire Filipino helpers to alleviate the costs of child care has led to speculation over whether a similar move would benefit China. Photo: EPA-EFE" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/08/30/37cf3a75-4674-4f70-a01e-b732e88b8eb4_bee46cb7.jpg" class="css-bpznz9 e445x7d0"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/08/30/37cf3a75-4674-4f70-a01e-b732e88b8eb4_bee46cb7.jpg"}</script></picture></figure></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicPage-ComponentType" class="css-1yohlqt eksbmxt14"><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsContainer" class="css-1amvjzo ez1wmkq3"><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsLeftContainer" class="css-1u1cusz ez1wmkq2"><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di2 e1daqvjd0 css-g1onk eqs07hl8" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-Content" class="css-0 eqs07hl7"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl eqs07hl4"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/chinas-population" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China's population</a></div><a target="_self" class="eqs07hl6 css-1666y5f e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3262644/china-population-beijing-rounds-experts-birth-rate-recommendations-youths-report-reluctance" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-LinkHighlightArea" class="css-0 e5db3f90"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1t4iatj eqs07hl3"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">Experts weigh in on China’s low birth rates as youths unmoved by policy changes</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-3d0br4 eqs07hl2"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">A meeting of political officials and experts has been convened to propose new ways to boost dropping fertility rates, as recent policies have made little headway in encouraging births. </h3></div></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-ul16er eqs07hl1"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-05-14T23:00:16.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">15 May 2024 - 7:00AM</time><span class="material-icons e16puzk43 css-1xcu7u2 e4r93eh0" data-qa="Icon-IconStyled">videocam</span><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"><a target="_self" class="css-e0dnmk e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3262644/china-population-beijing-rounds-experts-birth-rate-recommendations-youths-report-reluctance#comments" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div class="e16puzk40 css-2vgm5q e6yzu580" data-qa="ArticleComment-Container"><span>6</span><svg height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="ArticleComment-StyledCommentIcon" class="css-0 e6yzu581"><path d="M4.73 13.852h9.176c.545 0 1.014-.2 1.405-.598a1.94 1.94 0 0 0 .587-1.406V3.094c0-.539-.196-1.008-.587-1.406a1.904 1.904 0 0 0-1.405-.598H3.094c-.545 0-1.014.2-1.405.598-.39.398-.587.867-.587 1.406v12.938zM16.093.914A3.03 3.03 0 0 1 17 3.13v8.683c0 .868-.302 1.606-.907 2.215a2.967 2.967 0 0 1-2.187.914H5.014L0 18V3.129C0 2.262.302 1.524.907.914A2.972 2.972 0 0 1 3.094 0h10.812c.854 0 1.583.305 2.187.914z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="Component-CoverImage" class="css-4u8npg eqs07hl0"><a target="_self" class="eqs07hl6 css-1666y5f e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3262644/china-population-beijing-rounds-experts-birth-rate-recommendations-youths-report-reluctance" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><figure class="css-724ns2 e14qznha1" data-qa="ContentCoverImage-Figure"><picture data-qa="BaseImage-picture"><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:1070px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/05/14/d052c53b-293f-4d26-bb14-b6160d6d85e2_bd6b682b.jpg?itok=_s6U0El8&v=1715679171" data-qa="BaseImage-source-0"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:768px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/05/14/d052c53b-293f-4d26-bb14-b6160d6d85e2_bd6b682b.jpg?itok=_s6U0El8&v=1715679171" data-qa="BaseImage-source-1"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="540" media="(min-width:0px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/05/14/d052c53b-293f-4d26-bb14-b6160d6d85e2_bd6b682b.jpg?itok=RYYUmJhs&v=1715679171" data-qa="BaseImage-source-2"/><img alt="China’s declining birth rate has been a perpetual headache for policymakers. Photo: Xinhua" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/05/14/d052c53b-293f-4d26-bb14-b6160d6d85e2_bd6b682b.jpg" class="css-bpznz9 e445x7d0"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/05/14/d052c53b-293f-4d26-bb14-b6160d6d85e2_bd6b682b.jpg"}</script></picture></figure></a></div></div></div><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/chinas-population" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China's population</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3253011/china-population-experts-say-birth-boosting-policies-should-go-deeper-build-baby-bump" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">After 2 years of population decline, what’s the way to boost China’s births?</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">As China’s population continues its steady decline, experts have offered several suggestions for how to arrest the slide – but nearly all agree a cautious and systematic approach carries the best chances for success. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-02-23T11:28:38.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">23 Feb 2024 - 7:28PM</time><span class="material-icons e16puzk43 css-1xcu7u2 e4r93eh0" data-qa="Icon-IconStyled">videocam</span><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"><a target="_self" class="css-e0dnmk e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3253011/china-population-experts-say-birth-boosting-policies-should-go-deeper-build-baby-bump#comments" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div class="e16puzk40 css-2vgm5q e6yzu580" data-qa="ArticleComment-Container"><span>41</span><svg height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="ArticleComment-StyledCommentFilledIcon" class="css-0 e6yzu582"><path d="M14 .5A2.496 2.496 0 0 1 16.5 3v9c0 .69-.28 1.315-.732 1.768A2.492 2.492 0 0 1 14 14.5H4.764L.5 17.108V3c0-.69.28-1.315.732-1.768A2.492 2.492 0 0 1 3 .5z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity="0.15" stroke="currentColor"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsRightContainer" class="css-1nskm5y ez1wmkq1"><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/chinas-population" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China's population</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3251486/china-population-teachers-face-uncertain-future-falling-birth-rate-set-create-19-million-surplus" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">Millions of teachers in China face losing their jobs as birth rate plunges</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">China faces a surplus of 1.5 million primary school teachers and 370,000 middle schoolteachers by 2035, with the number of kindergarten students falling for the first time in nearly two decades in 2021. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-02-13T03:46:58.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">13 Feb 2024 - 11:46AM</time><span class="material-icons e16puzk43 css-1xcu7u2 e4r93eh0" data-qa="Icon-IconStyled">videocam</span><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"><a target="_self" class="css-e0dnmk e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3251486/china-population-teachers-face-uncertain-future-falling-birth-rate-set-create-19-million-surplus#comments" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div class="e16puzk40 css-2vgm5q e6yzu580" data-qa="ArticleComment-Container"><span>45</span><svg height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="ArticleComment-StyledCommentFilledIcon" class="css-0 e6yzu582"><path d="M14 .5A2.496 2.496 0 0 1 16.5 3v9c0 .69-.28 1.315-.732 1.768A2.492 2.492 0 0 1 14 14.5H4.764L.5 17.108V3c0-.69.28-1.315.732-1.768A2.492 2.492 0 0 1 3 .5z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity="0.15" stroke="currentColor"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-renderLastItemAd-AdsSlotContainer" class="css-11xhpt9 ez1wmkq0"><div class="css-1iq1emw e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div><div class="css-3bors5 e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicPage-ComponentType" class="css-1e17a0j eksbmxt13"><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsContainer" class="css-1amvjzo ez1wmkq3"><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsLeftContainer" class="css-1u1cusz ez1wmkq2"><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di2 e1daqvjd0 css-g1onk eqs07hl8" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-Content" class="css-0 eqs07hl7"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl eqs07hl4"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/chinas-population" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China's population</a></div><a target="_self" class="eqs07hl6 css-1666y5f e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3250753/chinas-year-widow-threatens-marriage-rate-can-dragon-babies-boost-births" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-LinkHighlightArea" class="css-0 e5db3f90"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1t4iatj eqs07hl3"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">Will China’s ‘Year of the Widow’ quell ‘dragon baby’ boom amid demographic woes?</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-3d0br4 eqs07hl2"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">Chinese are debating a superstitious belief that the coming lunar year will bode badly for marriages, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs is paying attention. </h3></div></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-ul16er eqs07hl1"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-02-04T02:00:19.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">4 Feb 2024 - 10:00AM</time><span class="material-icons e16puzk43 css-1xcu7u2 e4r93eh0" data-qa="Icon-IconStyled">videocam</span><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"><a target="_self" class="css-e0dnmk e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3250753/chinas-year-widow-threatens-marriage-rate-can-dragon-babies-boost-births#comments" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div class="e16puzk40 css-2vgm5q e6yzu580" data-qa="ArticleComment-Container"><span>4</span><svg height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="ArticleComment-StyledCommentIcon" class="css-0 e6yzu581"><path d="M4.73 13.852h9.176c.545 0 1.014-.2 1.405-.598a1.94 1.94 0 0 0 .587-1.406V3.094c0-.539-.196-1.008-.587-1.406a1.904 1.904 0 0 0-1.405-.598H3.094c-.545 0-1.014.2-1.405.598-.39.398-.587.867-.587 1.406v12.938zM16.093.914A3.03 3.03 0 0 1 17 3.13v8.683c0 .868-.302 1.606-.907 2.215a2.967 2.967 0 0 1-2.187.914H5.014L0 18V3.129C0 2.262.302 1.524.907.914A2.972 2.972 0 0 1 3.094 0h10.812c.854 0 1.583.305 2.187.914z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="Component-CoverImage" class="css-4u8npg eqs07hl0"><a target="_self" class="eqs07hl6 css-1666y5f e1llv60l0" href="/economy/china-economy/article/3250753/chinas-year-widow-threatens-marriage-rate-can-dragon-babies-boost-births" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><figure class="css-724ns2 e14qznha1" data-qa="ContentCoverImage-Figure"><picture data-qa="BaseImage-picture"><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:1070px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/02/02/c4420e59-05a0-4b58-af40-9884c90aedff_03915424.jpg?itok=gDiLSrnG&v=1706866194" data-qa="BaseImage-source-0"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="1200" media="(min-width:768px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/02/02/c4420e59-05a0-4b58-af40-9884c90aedff_03915424.jpg?itok=gDiLSrnG&v=1706866194" data-qa="BaseImage-source-1"/><source data-aspect-ratio="3/2" data-width="540" media="(min-width:0px)" srcSet="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/02/02/c4420e59-05a0-4b58-af40-9884c90aedff_03915424.jpg?itok=8Mvp5RhH&v=1706866194" data-qa="BaseImage-source-2"/><img alt="There are concerns in China that the upcoming “Year of the Widow” could deter people from getting married and starting a family. Photo: Shutterstock" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/02/02/c4420e59-05a0-4b58-af40-9884c90aedff_03915424.jpg" class="css-bpznz9 e445x7d0"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/02/02/c4420e59-05a0-4b58-af40-9884c90aedff_03915424.jpg"}</script></picture></figure></a></div></div></div><div class="ez1wmkq4 css-1ppwo9f e10l40di0" data-qa="TopStoriesItem-Container"><div class="e10l40di1 e1daqvjd0 css-1bazcgg efy545l11" data-qa="Component-Container"><div data-qa="Component-TopicLabel" class="css-1a7lacl efy545l7"><a target="_self" class="ehcsxqo0 e1nbo4jh0 css-u5w0s5 e1llv60l0" href="/topics/chinas-population" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China's population</a></div><a target="_self" class="efy545l9 css-652fy1 e1llv60l0" href="/economy/economic-indicators/article/3248695/chinas-population-falls-208-million-14097-billion-2023-births-tumble-adding-demographic-concerns" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div data-qa="Component-Headline" class="css-1ehr7i5 efy545l6"><h2 class="css-1xdhyk6 e298i0d4" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-skip-highlight="false" data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China’s population falls by 2 million in 2023 as births tumble to 9 million</span></h2></div><div data-qa="Component-Summary" class="css-133a7ty efy545l5"><h3 data-qa="ContentSummary-ContainerWithTag" class="css-onn2v5 eitajqu2">China’s overall population fell by 2.08 million last year to 1.4097 billion, down from 1.4118 billion in 2022, while births declined by 5.6 per cent to 9.02 million in 2023, data released on Wednesday showed. </h3></div></a><div data-qa="Component-ActionBar" class="css-iubogc efy545l3"><div class="css-16gl5nu e16puzk44" data-qa="ContentActionBar-FlexContainer"><time dateTime="2024-01-18T08:39:25.000Z" data-qa="ContentActionBar-handleRenderDisplayDateTime-time">18 Jan 2024 - 4:39PM</time><span class="material-icons e16puzk43 css-1xcu7u2 e4r93eh0" data-qa="Icon-IconStyled">videocam</span><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><div data-qa="ContentActionBar-IconContainer" class="css-12id561 e16puzk42"><a target="_self" class="css-e0dnmk e1llv60l0" href="/economy/economic-indicators/article/3248695/chinas-population-falls-208-million-14097-billion-2023-births-tumble-adding-demographic-concerns#comments" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div class="e16puzk40 css-2vgm5q e6yzu580" data-qa="ArticleComment-Container"><span>44</span><svg height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="ArticleComment-StyledCommentFilledIcon" class="css-0 e6yzu582"><path d="M14 .5A2.496 2.496 0 0 1 16.5 3v9c0 .69-.28 1.315-.732 1.768A2.492 2.492 0 0 1 14 14.5H4.764L.5 17.108V3c0-.69.28-1.315.732-1.768A2.492 2.492 0 0 1 3 .5z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity="0.15" stroke="currentColor"></path></svg></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicTopContents-TopContentsRightContainer" class="css-1nskm5y ez1wmkq1"></div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicPage-SubscriptionMessage" class="css-1xseagy eksbmxt10"><div class="css-17bhodf eqlz1mf4" data-qa="SubscriptionWidget-Container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="60" height="47" viewBox="0 0 60 47" fill="none" data-qa="SubscriptionWidget-StyledLogoFlag" class="css-1mveggh eqlz1mf5"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0 46.8067H58.837V0.76709H0V46.8067Z" fill="#FEFEFE"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.07495 41.6546H26.868V5.91846H5.07495V41.6546Z" fill="#FFCA05"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M31.9661 41.6546H53.7591V5.91846H31.9661V41.6546Z" fill="#001246"></path></svg><div data-qa="SubscriptionWidget-TrialText" class="css-1190dt8 eqlz1mf1">Help preserve 120 years of quality journalism.</div><a target="_blank" class="eqlz1mf3 css-18uomyf e1llv60l0" href="https://subscribe.scmp.com" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">SUPPORT NOW</a></div></div><div data-qa="TopicPage-RHSModule1" class="css-r0u6mc eksbmxt3"><div class="css-13gjr4y e197qoqi13" data-qa="TopicDescription-Container"><div data-qa="TopicDescription-TitleContainer" class="css-1nhwsqj e197qoqi12"><div data-qa="TopicDescription-TitleRow" class="css-e3x1f7 e197qoqi11"><div data-qa="TopicDescription-Title" class="css-17ey5c0 e197qoqi10">China birth rate</div></div></div><div data-qa="TopicDescription-DescriptionContainer" class="css-1lzpou0 e197qoqi4"><div data-qa="TopicDescription-Description" class="css-1qqq367 e197qoqi7">China’s birth rate – the number of births per 1,000 people – has fallen yearly since 2016. In 2023, it reached an all-time low of 6.39, equating to 9.02 million births – the lowest annual figure since records began in 1949. Despite a spate of government policies to boost births, young adults remain reluctant owing to high child-rearing costs, the state of the job market, and evolving social attitudes that have similarly decreased the marriage rate.</div><button data-qa="TopicDescription-ShowButton" class="css-10ede5u e197qoqi5">SHOW FULL PROFILE</button><div data-qa="TopicDescription-ExpandContainer" class="css-0 e197qoqi6"><div class="css-0 ely81bl9" data-qa="TopicMetadataDisplay-Container"></div><div data-qa="TopicDescription-Divider" class="css-19q7p1o e197qoqi3"></div><div data-qa="TopicDescription-UpdatedDateContainer" class="css-9dvlrf e197qoqi2"><div data-qa="TopicDescription-UpdatedDateTitle" class="css-mmvz9h e197qoqi1">last updated: </div><div data-qa="TopicDescription-UpdatedDateDescription" class="css-1jk51y6 e197qoqi0">4 October, 2024</div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="useTopicsAndAdsWidgets-widgets-Wrapper" class="css-1lc2n7v eksbmxt2"></div><div 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relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n flag\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentTopicLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n urlAlias\n ...entityLink\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment discoveryWidgetPostMagazineQueueQuery on Query {\n postMagazineDiscoveryQueue: queue(filter: {name: \"section_top_71\"}) {\n items(first: 6) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n entityId\n ...postMagazineDiscoveryItemContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment homePrimaryContentItemContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...entityLink\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3ULXzP\n}\n\nfragment homeSecondaryContentItemContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...entityLink\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_1YUsN1\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_14w7Xi on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_2m5Gjt\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentReadingTimeContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_1YUsN1 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentActionBarContent\n ...contentCoverImageContent_2m5Gjt\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentSectionsContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentTopicLinkContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3TpHBe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentActionBarContent\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSectionsContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentTopicLinkContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3ULXzP on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentActionBarContent\n ...contentCoverImageContent_2m5Gjt\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentSectionsContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentTopicLinkContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_Y5tau on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentActionBarContent\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4hzFNJ\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTopic on Topic {\n types\n sponsor {\n __typename\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTopicWidgetQuery_49mQWb on Query {\n topic(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n entityId\n ...hooksTopic\n ...topicAdsTopic\n ...topicMetadataDisplayTopic\n id\n }\n ...discoveryWidgetPostMagazineQueueQuery\n ...chinaScienceDiscoveryWidgetQuery\n ...hundredTopTablesDiscoveryWidgetQuery\n ...openQuestionsSeriesDiscoveryWidgetQuery_2uEaAo\n appConfig(filter: {entityId: \"scmp_pwa_widget\"}) {\n json\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseDeepLinkTagsBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n urlAlias\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseDynamicMetaTags on DynamicMetaTags {\n __isDynamicMetaTags: __typename\n metatags {\n key\n value\n }\n}\n\nfragment hundredTopTablesContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_Y5tau\n}\n\nfragment hundredTopTablesDiscoveryWidgetQuery on Query {\n hundredTopTablesQueue: queue(filter: {name: \"section_top_517759\"}) {\n items(first: 5) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n entityId\n ...hundredTopTablesContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n hundredTopTablesSection: section(filter: {entityId: \"517759\"}) {\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment imageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent\n}\n\nfragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment latestDiscoveryWidgetQueue on Queue {\n items(first: 6) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n entityId\n ...homeSecondaryContentItemContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment latestDiscoveryWidgetSection on Section {\n urlAlias\n name\n entityId\n parentSection\n}\n\nfragment openQuestionsSeriesDiscoveryWidgetQuery_2uEaAo on Query {\n openQuestionSeriesTopic: topic(filter: {entityId: \"518656\"}) {\n name\n urlAlias\n contents(exclude: {paywallTypeIds: $scmpPlusPaywallTypeIds}, first: 6, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n entityId\n ...homeSecondaryContentItemContent\n }\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...photoGalleryDialogContent\n}\n\nfragment postMagazineDiscoveryItemContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ...entityLink\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_14w7Xi\n}\n\nfragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment sectionTopLeadPrimaryContentItemContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n topics {\n ...followButtonBase\n id\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...contentCoverImageContent_34Njms\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3TpHBe\n}\n\nfragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {\n name\n type\n images {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment topStoriesItemContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...homePrimaryContentItemContent\n ...homeSecondaryContentItemContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment topicAdsTopic on Topic {\n entityId\n advertZone(version: 2)\n}\n\nfragment topicDescriptionTopic on Topic {\n ...topicHeaderRelatedLinksTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...hooksTopic\n ...topicMetadataDisplayTopic\n extraMetadata {\n __typename\n }\n ...entityLink\n mobileImage: image(type: MOBILE_APP_IMAGE) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n name\n description {\n text\n }\n chineseName\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment topicHeaderRelatedLinksTopic on Topic {\n ...hooksTopic\n relatedLink {\n title\n url\n }\n relatedTopics {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment topicHeaderTopic on Topic {\n ...topicHeaderRelatedLinksTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...hooksTopic\n ...entityLink\n mobileImage: image(type: MOBILE_APP_IMAGE) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n name\n chineseName\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment topicLinkTopic on Topic {\n ...entityLink\n name\n shortName\n}\n\nfragment topicMetadataDisplayTopic on Topic {\n ...hooksTopic\n extraMetadata {\n key\n value\n topic {\n name\n ...entityLink\n types\n urlAlias\n mobileImage: image(type: MOBILE_APP_IMAGE) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment topicRestContentsTopic on Topic {\n entityId\n advertZone(version: 2)\n}\n\nfragment topicSeoTopic on Topic {\n name\n description {\n text\n }\n urlAlias\n metaDescription\n ...hooksUseDeepLinkTagsBase\n ...hooksUseDynamicMetaTags\n}\n\nfragment topicTopContentsTopic on Topic {\n entityId\n advertZone(version: 2)\n}\n\nfragment topicTopicPageTopic_44JfPG on Topic {\n contents(after: $after, exclude: {paywallTypeIds: $scmpPlusPaywallTypeIds}, first: $count, filter: {applicationIds: [$applicationId]}, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n __isContent: __typename\n entityUuid\n ...homeSecondaryContentItemContent\n ...sectionTopLeadPrimaryContentItemContent\n ...topStoriesItemContent\n id\n }\n cursor\n }\n pageInfo {\n endCursor\n hasNextPage\n }\n }\n id\n}\n\nfragment videoDurationOverlayVideo on Video {\n duration\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n 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