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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Massachusetts Bay Colony</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Massachusetts_Bay_Colony-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Massachusetts Bay Colony subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Massachusetts_Bay_Colony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Founding_of_Cambridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_of_Cambridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Founding of Cambridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_of_Cambridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anne_Hutchinson_affair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anne_Hutchinson_affair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Anne Hutchinson affair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anne_Hutchinson_affair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_political_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_political_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other political activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_political_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Founding_of_Harvard_and_Roxbury_Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_of_Harvard_and_Roxbury_Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Founding of Harvard and Roxbury Latin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_of_Harvard_and_Roxbury_Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family and legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Family and legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Family_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dudley_Square" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dudley_Square"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dudley Square</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dudley_Square-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (1576–1653)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Thomas Dudley, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Thomas Dudley (disambiguation)">Thomas Dudley (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Thomas Dudley</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd, 7th, 11th, and 14th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony">Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1634–1635</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Haynes_(governor)" title="John Haynes (governor)">John Haynes</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1640–1641</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Richard Bellingham</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1645–1646</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1650–1651</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">Commissioner</a> for <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1643–1643<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1647–1647<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/John_Endicott" class="mw-redirect" title="John Endicott">John Endicott</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1649–1649<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Simon Bradstreet</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">12 October 1576<br /><a href="/wiki/Yardley_Hastings" title="Yardley Hastings">Yardley Hastings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 July 1653<span style="display:none">(1653-07-31)</span> (aged 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Dorothy Yorke </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="25 April 1582">1582</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="27 December 1643">1643</span>)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Katherine Hackburne</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1644)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Dudley" title="Roger Dudley">Roger Dudley</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Colonial administrator, governor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThomasDudleySignature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Dudley's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/ThomasDudleySignature.png/128px-ThomasDudleySignature.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/ThomasDudleySignature.png/192px-ThomasDudleySignature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/ThomasDudleySignature.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="95" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data">Forces of <a href="/wiki/William_Compton,_1st_Earl_of_Northampton" title="William Compton, 1st Earl of Northampton">William Compton, 1st Earl of Northampton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amiens_(1597)" title="Siege of Amiens (1597)">Siege of Amiens (1597)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Dudley</b> (12 October 1576 – 31 July 1653) was a <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> colonial magistrate who served several terms as governor of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>. Dudley was the chief founder of Newtowne, later <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, and built the town's first home. He provided land and funds to establish the <a href="/wiki/Roxbury_Latin_School" title="Roxbury Latin School">Roxbury Latin School</a> and signed <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>'s new charter during his 1650 term as governor. Dudley was a devout <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> who opposed religious views not conforming with his. In this, he was more rigid than other early Massachusetts leaders like <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a>, but less confrontational than <a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a>. </p><p>The son of a military man who died when he was young, Dudley saw military service himself during the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>, and then acquired some legal training before entering the service of his likely kinsman, the <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Clinton,_4th_Earl_of_Lincoln" title="Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln">Earl of Lincoln</a>. Along with other Puritans in Lincoln's circle, Dudley helped establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony, sailing with Winthrop in 1630. Although he served only four one-year terms as governor of the colony, he was regularly in other positions of authority. </p><p>Dudley's daughter <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bradstreet" title="Anne Bradstreet">Anne Bradstreet</a> (1612–1672) was a prominent early American poet. One of the gates of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a>, which existed from 1915 to 1947, was named in his honor, and Harvard's Dudley House is named for the family, as is the town of <a href="/wiki/Dudley,_Massachusetts" title="Dudley, Massachusetts">Dudley, Massachusetts</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Dudley.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Dudley.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Dudley.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Dudley.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Dudley.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Dudley.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Dudley.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Thomas Dudley</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beleg_van_Amiens_door_Hendrik_IV,_1597.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Beleg_van_Amiens_door_Hendrik_IV%2C_1597.JPG/250px-Beleg_van_Amiens_door_Hendrik_IV%2C_1597.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Beleg_van_Amiens_door_Hendrik_IV%2C_1597.JPG/375px-Beleg_van_Amiens_door_Hendrik_IV%2C_1597.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Beleg_van_Amiens_door_Hendrik_IV%2C_1597.JPG/500px-Beleg_van_Amiens_door_Hendrik_IV%2C_1597.JPG 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Print of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amiens_(1597)" title="Siege of Amiens (1597)">Siege of Amiens</a> in which Thomas Dudley fought in 1597</figcaption></figure> <p>Thomas Dudley was born in <a href="/wiki/Yardley_Hastings" title="Yardley Hastings">Yardley Hastings</a>, a village near <a href="/wiki/Northampton,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Northampton, England">Northampton, England</a>, on 12 October 1576, to <a href="/wiki/Roger_Dudley" title="Roger Dudley">Roger</a> and Susanna (Thorne) Dudley.<sup id="cite_ref-And584_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-And584-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family has long asserted connections to the Sutton-Dudleys of <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Castle" title="Dudley Castle">Dudley Castle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Northumberland#1551_creation" title="Duke of Northumberland">Duke of Northumberland</a>, Earls of <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Warwick#1547_creation" title="Earl of Warwick">Warwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Leicester#Third_creation_(1564)" title="Earl of Leicester">Leicester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Lisle#Viscounts_Lisle,_Fifth_Creation_(1543)" title="Viscount Lisle">Viscounts Lisle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baron_Dudley" title="Baron Dudley">Barons Dudley</a>); there is a similarity in their <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coats of arms</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-J3_10_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J3_10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but association beyond probable common ancestry has not yet been conclusively demonstrated.<sup id="cite_ref-Rich280_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rich280-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-And585_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-And585-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roger Dudley, a captain in the English army, was apparently killed in battle. It was for some time believed he was killed in the 1590 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ivry" title="Battle of Ivry">Battle of Ivry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-J3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Susanna Dudley is known already to have been widowed by 1588. The 1586 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zutphen" title="Battle of Zutphen">battle of Zutphen</a> has also been suggested as the occasion of Roger Dudley's death.<sup id="cite_ref-Rich280_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rich280-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like many other young men of good birth Thomas Dudley became a <a href="/wiki/Page_(occupation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Page (occupation)">page</a>, in his case in the household of <a href="/wiki/William_Compton,_1st_Earl_of_Northampton" title="William Compton, 1st Earl of Northampton">William, Baron Compton</a> at nearby <a href="/wiki/Castle_Ashby" title="Castle Ashby">Castle Ashby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rich280_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rich280-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later he raised a company of men following a call to arms by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth</a>, and served in the English army led by Sir Arthur Savage fighting with <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">King Henry IV</a> of France during the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>. He fought the Spanish at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amiens_(1597)" title="Siege of Amiens (1597)">Siege of Amiens</a> in 1597, which in September surrendered and was the final action of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Rich280_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rich280-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After he was discharged from his military service, Dudley returned to Northamptonshire.<sup id="cite_ref-J24_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J24-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then entered the service of Sir <a href="/wiki/Augustine_Nicolls" title="Augustine Nicolls">Augustine Nicolls</a>, a relative of his mother's as a clerk.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicolls, a lawyer and later a judge, was recognized for his honesty at a time when many judges were susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a> and other misconduct.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also sympathetic to the <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> cause; the exposure to legal affairs and Nicolls' religious views probably had a significant influence on Dudley. After Nicolls' sudden death in 1616, Dudley took a position with <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Clinton,_4th_Earl_of_Lincoln" title="Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln">Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln</a>, serving as a <a href="/wiki/Butler" title="Butler">steward</a> responsible for managing some of the earl's estates. Although there is a likely blood connection, the reason for the appointment may be that Dudley's soldier grandfather Henry had served under <a href="/wiki/Edward_Clinton,_1st_Earl_of_Lincoln" title="Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln">Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln</a>. The earl's estate in <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> was a center of <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformist</a> thought, and Dudley was already recognized for his Puritan virtues by the time he entered the earl's service.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Mather" title="Cotton Mather">Cotton Mather</a>'s biography of Dudley, he successfully disentangled a legacy of financial difficulties bequeathed to the earl, and the earl consequently came to depend on Dudley for financial advice.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dudley's services were not entirely pecuniary in nature: he is also said to have had an important role in securing the engagement of Clinton to <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Fiennes,_1st_Viscount_Saye,_and_Sele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye, and Sele (page does not exist)">Lord Saye's</a> daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1622, Dudley acquired the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Simon Bradstreet</a> who was eventually drawn to Dudley's daughter <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bradstreet" title="Anne Bradstreet">Anne</a>. The two were married six years later when she was 16.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dudley was briefly out of Lincoln's service between about 1624 and 1628. During this time, he lived with his growing family in <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">Boston, Lincolnshire</a>, where he likely was a parishioner at <a href="/wiki/St_Botolph%27s_Church,_Boston" title="St Botolph's Church, Boston">St Botolph's Church</a>, where <a href="/wiki/John_Cotton_(Puritan)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cotton (Puritan)">John Cotton</a> preached. The Dudleys were known to be back on Lincoln's estate in 1628 when his daughter Anne came down with <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> and was treated there.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Massachusetts_Bay_Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Massachusetts Bay Colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1628 Dudley and other Puritans decided to form the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Bay Company">Massachusetts Bay Company</a>, with a view toward establishing a Puritan colony in North America. Dudley's name does not appear on the land grant issued to the company that year. Still, he was almost certainly involved in the company's formative stages, whose investors and supporters included many individuals in the Earl of Lincoln's circle.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company sent a small group of colonists led by <a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a> to begin building a settlement, called <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a>, on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay" title="Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a>; a second group was sent in 1629.<sup id="cite_ref-Hurd,_p._vii_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurd,_p._vii-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company acquired a royal charter in April 1629 and later that year made the critical decision to transport the charter and the company's corporate governance to the colony. The <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Agreement" title="Cambridge Agreement">Cambridge Agreement</a>, which enabled the emigrating shareholders to buy out those that remained behind, may have been written by Dudley.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1629 <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a> was elected governor, and <a href="/wiki/John_Humphrey_(Massachusetts_colonist)" title="John Humphrey (Massachusetts colonist)">John Humphrey</a> was chosen as his deputy.<sup id="cite_ref-Hurd,_p._vii_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurd,_p._vii-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as the fleet was preparing to sail in March 1630, Humphrey decided he would not leave England immediately, and Dudley was chosen as deputy governor in his place.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dudley and his family sailed for the New World on the <i><a href="/wiki/Arbella" title="Arbella">Arbella</a></i>, the flagship of the <a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Fleet" title="Winthrop Fleet">Winthrop Fleet</a>, on 8 April 1630 and arrived in Salem Harbour on 12 June.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finding conditions at Salem inadequate for establishing a larger colony, Winthrop and Dudley led forays into the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a> watershed, but were unable to immediately agree on a site for the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With limited time to establish themselves and concerns over rumors of potential hostile French action, the leaders decided to distribute the colonists in several places to avoid presenting a single target for hostilities. The Dudleys probably spent the winter of 1630–31 in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, which was where the leadership chose to stay after its first choice, <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlestown, Massachusetts">Charlestown</a>, was found to have inadequate water.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A letter Dudley wrote to the Countess of Lincoln in March 1631 narrated the first year's experience of the colonists that arrived in Winthrop's fleet in an intimate tone befitting a son or suitor as much as a servant.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appeared in print for the first time in a 1696 compilation of early colonial documents by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Scottow" title="Joshua Scottow">Joshua Scottow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_of_Cambridge">Founding of Cambridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Founding of Cambridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Dudley_plaque_-_Harvard_University_-_IMG_0098.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Thomas_Dudley_plaque_-_Harvard_University_-_IMG_0098.JPG/220px-Thomas_Dudley_plaque_-_Harvard_University_-_IMG_0098.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Thomas_Dudley_plaque_-_Harvard_University_-_IMG_0098.JPG/330px-Thomas_Dudley_plaque_-_Harvard_University_-_IMG_0098.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Thomas_Dudley_plaque_-_Harvard_University_-_IMG_0098.JPG/440px-Thomas_Dudley_plaque_-_Harvard_University_-_IMG_0098.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Plaque in memory of Thomas Dudley at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the spring of 1631, the leadership agreed to establish the colony's capital at Newtowne (near present-day <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Square" title="Harvard Square">Harvard Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>), and the town was surveyed and laid out. Dudley, Simon Bradstreet, and others built their houses there, but to Dudley's anger, Winthrop decided to build in Boston. This decision caused a rift between Dudley and Winthrop; it was severe enough that in 1632 Dudley resigned his posts and considered returning to England.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the mediation of others, the two reconciled, and Dudley retracted his resignation. Winthrop reported that "[e]ver after they kept peace and good correspondency in love and friendship."<sup id="cite_ref-M284_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M284-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the dispute, Dudley also harshly questioned Winthrop's authority as governor for several actions without consulting his council of assistants.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dudley's differences with Winthrop came to the fore again in January 1636, when other magistrates orchestrated a series of accusations that Winthrop had been overly lenient in his judicial decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1632 Dudley, at his own expense, erected a <a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">palisade</a> around Newtowne (which was renamed Cambridge in 1636) that enclosed 1,000 acres (400 ha) of land, principally as a defense against wild animals and <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> raids. The colony agreed to reimburse him by imposing taxes on all area communities.<sup id="cite_ref-M284_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M284-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meetings occasioned by this need are among the first instances of a truly <a href="/wiki/Representative_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Representative government">representative government</a> in North America,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when each town chose two representatives to advise the governor on the subject. This principle was extended to govern the colony as a whole in 1634, the year Dudley was first elected governor.<sup id="cite_ref-M284_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M284-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this term, the colony established a committee to oversee military affairs and to manage the colony's munitions.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The colony came under legal threat in 1632, when Sir <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Gorges" title="Ferdinando Gorges">Ferdinando Gorges</a>, attempting to revive an earlier claim to the territory, raised issues of the colony's charter and governance with the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council">Privy Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a>. When the colony's governing magistrates drafted a response to the charges raised by Gorges, Dudley was alone in opposing language, referring to the king as his "sacred majesty", and to bishops of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> as "Reverend Bishops".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a <i><a href="/wiki/Quo_warranto" title="Quo warranto">quo warranto</a></i> writ was issued in 1635 calling for the charter to be returned to England, the king's financial straits prevented it from being served, and the issue eventually died out.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anne_Hutchinson_affair">Anne Hutchinson affair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Anne Hutchinson affair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Winthrop_17th_cent._American_Antiquarian_Society_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/John_Winthrop_17th_cent._American_Antiquarian_Society_portrait.jpg/170px-John_Winthrop_17th_cent._American_Antiquarian_Society_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/John_Winthrop_17th_cent._American_Antiquarian_Society_portrait.jpg/255px-John_Winthrop_17th_cent._American_Antiquarian_Society_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/John_Winthrop_17th_cent._American_Antiquarian_Society_portrait.jpg/340px-John_Winthrop_17th_cent._American_Antiquarian_Society_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1645" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Antinomian_Controversy" title="Antinomian Controversy">Antinomian Controversy</a></div> <p>In 1635, and for the four following years, Dudley was elected either as deputy governor or as a member of the council of assistants. The governor in 1636 was <a href="/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger" title="Henry Vane the Younger">Henry Vane</a>, and the colony was split over the actions of <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a>. She had come to the colony in 1634 and began preaching a "covenant of grace" following her mentor, <a href="/wiki/John_Cotton_(Puritan)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cotton (Puritan)">John Cotton</a>, while most of the colony's leadership, including Dudley, Winthrop, and most of the ministers, espoused a more <a href="/wiki/Legalism_(theology)" title="Legalism (theology)">Legalist</a> view ("covenant of works"). This split divided the colony since Vane and Cotton supported her.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of this colonial strife, called the <a href="/wiki/Antinomian_Controversy" title="Antinomian Controversy">Antinomian Controversy</a>, Hutchinson was banished from the colony, and a number of her followers left the colony as a consequence.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She settled in <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a>, also <i><a href="/wiki/Persona_non-grata" class="mw-redirect" title="Persona non-grata">persona non-grata</a></i> in Massachusetts over theological differences, offered her shelter.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dudley's role in the affair is unclear, but historians supportive of Hutchinson's cause argue that he was a significant force in her banishment,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that he was unhappy that the colony did not adopt a more rigid stance or ban more of her followers.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vane was turned out of office in 1637 over the Hutchinson affair and his insistence on flying the <a href="/wiki/English_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="English flag">English flag</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Independence_(Massachusetts)" title="Fort Independence (Massachusetts)">colony's fort</a>; many Puritans felt that the <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Cross">Cross of St George</a> on the flag was a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Popery" title="Popery">popery</a> and was thus anathema to them.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vane was replaced by Winthrop, who served three terms.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Winthrop, concerns over the length of his service led to Dudley's election as governor in 1640.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Dudley and Winthrop clashed with each other on several issues, they agreed on banning Hutchinson, and their relationship had some significant positive elements. In 1638 Dudley and Winthrop were each granted a tract of land "about six miles from <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord</a>, northward".<sup id="cite_ref-J251_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J251-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reportedly, Winthrop and Dudley went to the area together to survey the land and select their parcels. Winthrop, then governor, graciously deferred to Dudley, then deputy governor, to make the first choice of land. Dudley's land became <a href="/wiki/Billerica,_Massachusetts" title="Billerica, Massachusetts">Billerica</a>, and Winthrop's <a href="/wiki/Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="Bedford, Massachusetts">Bedford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-J251_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J251-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The place where the two properties met was marked by two large stones, each carved with the owner's name; Winthrop described the spot as the "'<a href="/wiki/Two_Brothers_Rocks%E2%80%93Dudley_Road_Historic_District" title="Two Brothers Rocks–Dudley Road Historic District">Two Brothers</a>', in remembrance that they were brothers by their children's marriage".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_political_activities">Other political activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other political activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During Dudley's term of office in 1640, many new laws were passed. This led to the introduction the following year of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Body_of_Liberties" title="Massachusetts Body of Liberties">Massachusetts Body of Liberties</a>, a document that contains guarantees that were later placed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">United States Bill of Rights</a>. During this term, he joined moderates, including John Winthrop, in opposing attempts by the local clergy to take a more prominent and explicit role in the colony's governance.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he was again governor in 1645, the colony threatened war against the expansionist <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_people" title="Narragansett people">Narragansetts</a>, who had been making war against the English-allied <a href="/wiki/Mohegan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohegan people">Mohegans</a>. This prompted the Narragansett leader <a href="/wiki/Miantonomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Miantonomi">Miantonomi</a> to sign a peace agreement with the New England colonies which lasted until <a href="/wiki/King_Philip%27s_War" title="King Philip's War">King Philip's War</a> broke out 30 years later.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dudley also presided over the acquittal of John Winthrop in a trial held that year; Winthrop had been charged with abuses of his power as a magistrate by residents of <a href="/wiki/Hingham,_Massachusetts" title="Hingham, Massachusetts">Hingham</a> the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HarvardCollegeCharter.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/HarvardCollegeCharter.jpeg/220px-HarvardCollegeCharter.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/HarvardCollegeCharter.jpeg/330px-HarvardCollegeCharter.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/HarvardCollegeCharter.jpeg/440px-HarvardCollegeCharter.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="817" /></a><figcaption>Charter authorizing <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>, signed by Governor Thomas Dudley, 30 May 1650</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1649 Dudley was appointed once again to serve as a commissioner and president of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a>, an umbrella organization established by most of the New England colonies to address issues of common interest; however, he was ill (and aging, at 73), and consequently unable to discharge his duties in that office.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dudley was elected governor for the fourth and last time in 1650 despite the illness.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most notable acts during this term were the issuance of a new charter for <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the judicial decision to burn <i>The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption</i>, a book by <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> resident <a href="/wiki/William_Pynchon" title="William Pynchon">William Pynchon</a> that expounded on religious views heretical to the ruling Puritans. Pynchon was called upon to retract his views but returned to England instead of facing the magistrates.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During most of his years in Massachusetts, when not governor, Dudley served as either deputy governor or as one of the colony's commissioners to the New England Confederation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as a magistrate in the colonial courts,<sup id="cite_ref-Hurdx_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurdx-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sat on committees that drafted the laws of the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His views were conservative, but he was not as strident in them as <a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a>. Endecott notoriously defaced the <a href="/wiki/English_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="English flag">English flag</a> in 1632, an act for which he was censured and deprived of office for one year.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dudley sided with the moderate faction on the issue, which believed the flag's depiction of the Cross of St George had by then been reduced to a symbol of nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Morton" title="Nathaniel Morton">Nathaniel Morton</a>, an early chronicler of the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a>, wrote of Dudley, "His zeal to order appeared in contriving good laws, and faithfully executing them upon criminal offenders, heretics, and underminers of true religion. He had a piercing judgment to discover the wolf, though clothed with a sheepskin."<sup id="cite_ref-M292_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M292-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early Massachusetts historian James Savage wrote of Dudley that "[a] hardness in public, and rigidity in private life, are too observable in his character".<sup id="cite_ref-M292_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M292-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a more modern historical view, Francis Bremer observes that Dudley was "more precise and rigid than the moderate Winthrop in his approach to the issues facing the colonists".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_of_Harvard_and_Roxbury_Latin">Founding of Harvard and Roxbury Latin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Founding of Harvard and Roxbury Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:40%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>One of thy founders, him New-England know,<br />Who staid thy feeble sides when thou wast low,<br /> Who spent his state, his strength, and years with care,<br /> That after comers in them might have share. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bradstreet" title="Anne Bradstreet">Anne Bradstreet</a>, verse written on <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a>'s Dudley Gate<sup id="cite_ref-Mo195_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mo195-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>In 1637, the colony established a committee "to take order for a new college at Newtown".<sup id="cite_ref-J243_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J243-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The committee consisted of most of the colony's elders, including Dudley. In 1638, <a href="/wiki/John_Harvard_(clergyman)" title="John Harvard (clergyman)">John Harvard</a>, a childless colonist, bequeathed to the colony his library and half of his estate as a contribution to the college, which was consequently <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">named in his honor</a>. The college charter was first issued in 1642, and a second charter was issued in 1650, signed by then-Governor Thomas Dudley,<sup id="cite_ref-J243_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J243-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who also served for many years as one of the college's overseers. Harvard University's Dudley House, now only an administrative unit located in Lehman Hall after the actual house was torn down, is named in honor of the Dudley family.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a> once had a Dudley Gate bearing words written by his daughter Anne;<sup id="cite_ref-Mo195_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mo195-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was torn down in the 1940s to make way for construction of <a href="/wiki/Lamont_Library" title="Lamont Library">Lamont Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fragment remains in Dudley Garden, behind Lamont Library, including a lengthy inscription in stone.<sup id="cite_ref-hrvdcmsn20191119_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrvdcmsn20191119-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hrvdgzzt20191119_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrvdgzzt20191119-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1643, Reverend <a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_(missionary)" title="John Eliot (missionary)">John Eliot</a> established a school at <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a>. Dudley, who was then living in Roxbury, gave significant donations of both land and money to the school, which survives to this day as the <a href="/wiki/Roxbury_Latin_School" title="Roxbury Latin School">Roxbury Latin School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_legacy">Family and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Family and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_dudley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Thomas_dudley.jpg/170px-Thomas_dudley.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Thomas_dudley.jpg/255px-Thomas_dudley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/51/Thomas_dudley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>This image, frequently claimed to be of Thomas Dudley,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is probably a reversed photographic image of a painting of his son <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">Joseph</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Dudley_attributed_to_Peter_Lely.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Joseph_Dudley_attributed_to_Peter_Lely.jpg/170px-Joseph_Dudley_attributed_to_Peter_Lely.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Joseph_Dudley_attributed_to_Peter_Lely.jpg/255px-Joseph_Dudley_attributed_to_Peter_Lely.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Joseph_Dudley_attributed_to_Peter_Lely.jpg/340px-Joseph_Dudley_attributed_to_Peter_Lely.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">Joseph Dudley</a>, attributed to Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lely" title="Peter Lely">Peter Lely</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Dudley married Dorothy Yorke in 1603 and had five or six children. Samuel, the first, also came to the New World and married Winthrop's daughter Mary in 1633, the first of several alliances of the Dudley-Winthrop family.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later served as the pastor in <a href="/wiki/Exeter,_New_Hampshire" title="Exeter, New Hampshire">Exeter, New Hampshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daughter Anne married <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Simon Bradstreet</a>, and became the first poet published in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-M295_6_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M295_6-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patience, Dudley's third child, married a colonial militia officer <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Denison_(colonist)" title="Daniel Denison (colonist)">Daniel Denison</a>. The fourth child, Sarah, married Benjamin Keayne, a militia officer. This union was unhappy, resulting in the first reported instance of <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a> in the colony; Keayne returned to England and repudiated the marriage. Although no formal divorce proceedings are known, Sarah eventually married again,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Job Judkins, by whom she bore five children. Mercy, the last of his children with Dorothy, married minister <a href="/wiki/John_Woodbridge" title="John Woodbridge">John Woodbridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-M295_6_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M295_6-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dudley may have had another son, though most historians think the evidence is too slim. A “Thomas Dudley” was awarded degrees from Emmanuel College, Cambridge University, in 1626 and 1630, and some historians have argued this is a son of Dudley. Also, Dudley was referred to as “Thomas Dudley Senior” on a lone occasion in 1637.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dorothy Yorke died on 27 December 1643 at 61 years of age, and was remembered by her daughter Anne in a poem:<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Here lies,<br /> </p><p>A worthy matron of unspotted life,<br /> A loving mother and obedient wife,<br /> A friendly neighbor, pitiful to poor,<br /> </p><p> Whom oft she fed and clothed with her store;</p></blockquote> <p>Dudley married his second wife, the widow Katherine (Deighton) Hackburne, a descendant of the noble Berkeley, Lygon, and Beauchamp families,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1644. She is also a direct descendant of eleven of the twenty-five barons who acted as sureties for <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John Lackland</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had three children, Deborah, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">Joseph</a>, and Paul.<sup id="cite_ref-M295_6_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M295_6-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joseph served as governor of the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province of Massachusetts Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul (not to be confused with Joseph's son <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dudley_(jurist)" title="Paul Dudley (jurist)">Paul</a>, who served as provincial attorney general) was for a time the colony's register of probate.<sup id="cite_ref-M295_6_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M295_6-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1636, Dudley moved from Cambridge to <a href="/wiki/Ipswich,_Massachusetts" title="Ipswich, Massachusetts">Ipswich</a>, and in 1639, moved to <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in Roxbury on 31 July 1653, and was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Burying_Ground" title="Eliot Burying Ground">Eliot Burying Ground</a> there. <a href="/wiki/Dudley,_Massachusetts" title="Dudley, Massachusetts">Dudley, Massachusetts</a> is named for his grandsons Paul and William, its first proprietors.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Conservation_and_Recreation" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation">Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation</a> owns a parcel of land in Billerica called Governor Thomas Dudley Park.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Two Brothers" rocks are located in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Meadows_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge">Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge</a> in Bedford, in an area that has been listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Two_Brothers_Rocks-Dudley_Road_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Brothers Rocks-Dudley Road Historic District">Two Brothers Rocks-Dudley Road Historic District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dudley_Square">Dudley Square</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dudley Square"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudley Square">Dudley Square</a> in Boston's <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a> neighborhood was named after Dudley.<sup id="cite_ref-DeCosta_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeCosta-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proponents of an effort to rename the square noted that Dudley was "a leading politician in 1641", when the colony became the first to sanction slavery legally.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, <a href="/wiki/Byron_Rushing" title="Byron Rushing">Byron Rushing</a>, former president of the <a href="/wiki/African_Meeting_House" title="African Meeting House">Museum of African American History</a> in Boston, stated, “I’ve really searched, and I’ve found no evidence that Dudley ever owned slaves."<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A non-binding advisory question was added to the 5 November 2019 municipal ballot for all Boston residents asking, "Do you support the renaming/changing of the name of Dudley Square to Nubian Square?"<sup id="cite_ref-DeCosta_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeCosta-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Election night results show that the question was defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2019_Boston_City_Council_election#Nonbinding_advisory_question" title="2019 Boston City Council election">2019 Boston City Council election § Nonbinding advisory question</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">Mayor of Boston</a> <a href="/wiki/Marty_Walsh" title="Marty Walsh">Marty Walsh</a> subsequently announced that the question had "passed in the surrounding areas" near the square, and could be considered further by the city's Public Improvement Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-BH1115_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BH1115-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 December 2019, the Public Improvement Commission unanimously approved changing the name of Dudley Square to <a href="/wiki/Nubian_Square" title="Nubian Square">Nubian Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BH119_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BH119-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dudley station was renamed <a href="/wiki/Nubian_station" title="Nubian station">Nubian station</a> in June 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-And584-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-And584_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, p. 584</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J3_10-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-J3_10_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, pp. 3–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rich280-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rich280_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rich280_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rich280_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rich280_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richardson et al, p. 280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-And585-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-And585_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, p. 585</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-J3_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J24-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-J24_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kellogg, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, pp. 25–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, pp. 31–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kellogg, pp. 11–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kellogg, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, pp. 44–46, 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurd,_p._vii-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hurd,_p._vii_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hurd,_p._vii_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hurd, p. vii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bailyn, pp. 18–19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, pp. 59–60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winthrop's Journal; Jones, pp 64,75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, pp. 83–84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Female Piety in Puritan New England: The Emergence of Religious Humanism, Amanda Porterfield, p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWinthropDudleyAllinShepard1696" class="citation journal cs1">Winthrop, John; Dudley, Thomas; Allin, John; Shepard, Thomas; Cotton, John; Scottow, Joshua (January 1696). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scottow/7/">"Massachusetts: or The First Planters of New-England, The End and Manner of Their Coming Thither, and Abode There: In Several Epistles (1696)"</a>. <i>Joshua Scottow Papers</i>. University of Nebraska, Lincoln. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515020916/http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scottow/7/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Joshua+Scottow+Papers&rft.atitle=Massachusetts%3A+or+The+First+Planters+of+New-England%2C+The+End+and+Manner+of+Their+Coming+Thither%2C+and+Abode+There%3A+In+Several+Epistles+%281696%29&rft.date=1696-01&rft.aulast=Winthrop&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Dudley%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Allin%2C+John&rft.au=Shepard%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Cotton%2C+John&rft.au=Scottow%2C+Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fscottow%2F7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, p. 283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M284-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M284_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M284_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M284_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, p. 284</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, pp. 109–110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer (2003), p. 245</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, p. 285</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, p. 286</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer (2003), p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer (2003), p. 240</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, pp. 287–288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Battis, pp. 232–48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, p. 288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer (2003), p. 298</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, pp. 317–318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, pp. 6,320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, p. 289</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J251-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-J251_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J251_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 271</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 334</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer (2003), pp. 363–364</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 389</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 393</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 394</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 398</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hurd, p. ix</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurdx-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hurdx_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hurd, p. x</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 264</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer (2003), p. 238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer, p. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M292-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M292_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M292_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, p. 292</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer and Webster (2006), p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mo195-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mo195_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mo195_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morison, p. 195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J243-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-J243_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J243_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 243</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Harvard Library Bulletin</i>, Volume 29, p. 365</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bunting and Floyd, pp. 216,319–320</span> </li> <li 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Saiger (5 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrimson.com/column/sketchbook/article/2017/5/5/sketchbook-8/">"Closing a Gate, Creating a Space"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a></i>. Trustees of The Harvard Crimson. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55062930">55062930</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170711070111/http://www.thecrimson.com/column/sketchbook/article/2017/5/5/sketchbook-8/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Crimson&rft.atitle=Closing+a+Gate%2C+Creating+a+Space&rft.date=2017-05-05&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55062930&rft.au=Yael+M.+Saiger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Fcolumn%2Fsketchbook%2Farticle%2F2017%2F5%2F5%2Fsketchbook-8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrvdgzzt20191119-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hrvdgzzt20191119_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose_Lincoln2014" class="citation news cs1">Rose Lincoln (2 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2014/09/secret-garden">"Hidden Spaces: Secret garden"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Gazette">Harvard Gazette</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0364-7692">0364-7692</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/837901863">837901863</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095346/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2014/09/secret-garden/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Gazette&rft.atitle=Hidden+Spaces%3A+Secret+garden&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F837901863&rft.issn=0364-7692&rft.au=Rose+Lincoln&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2Fstory%2F2014%2F09%2Fsecret-garden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See e.g. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auden.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I5553&ged=auden-bicknell.ged&tab=0">the Auden genealogy entry for Thomas Dudley</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006144716/http://auden.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I5553&ged=auden-bicknell.ged&tab=0">Archived</a> 6 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120711162110/http://images.google.com/search?tbm=isch&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1144&bih=525&q=%22thomas+dudley%22&gbv=2&oq=%22thomas+dudley%22&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=undefined&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=2544l4184l0l15l9l0l0l0l0l138l785l7.2l9">Google image search for "Thomas Dudley"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, pp. 422,467</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 467</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M295_6-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M295_6_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M295_6_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M295_6_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M295_6_67-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, pp. 295–296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kellogg, p. xii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, pp. 469–471</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavage2008" class="citation book cs1">Savage, James (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genealogicaldict04sava"><i>Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England</i></a>. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-0759-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-0759-6"><bdi>978-0-8063-0759-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genealogical+Dictionary+of+the+First+Settlers+of+New+England&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8063-0759-6&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenealogicaldict04sava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ancestral Roots Of Certain American Colonists Who Came To America Before 1700, 8th edition, Frederick Lewis Weis, Walter Lee Sheppard, William Ryland Beall, Kaleen E. Beall, p.90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookfieldpublishingmedia.com/Ancestors/Im1/Deighton%20Katherine.aspx">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215213754/http://www.brookfieldpublishingmedia.com/Ancestors/Im1/Deighton%20Katherine.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookfieldpublishingmedia.com%2FAncestors%2FIm1%2FDeighton%2520Katherine.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, pp. 391–393</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, p. 291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 256</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society</i>, p. 12:412</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/dcr/news/publicmeetings/forestry/dcr_properties.pdf">"Massachusetts DCR Property Listing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110214070728/http://www.mass.gov/dcr/news/publicmeetings/forestry/dcr_properties.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massachusetts+DCR+Property+Listing&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mass.gov%2Fdcr%2Fnews%2Fpublicmeetings%2Fforestry%2Fdcr_properties.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=bil.u">"MACRIS listing for Two Brothers Rocks-Dudley Road"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002162219/http://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=BIL.U">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MACRIS+listing+for+Two+Brothers+Rocks-Dudley+Road&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmhc-macris.net%2Fdetails%3Fmhcid%3Dbil.u&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeCosta-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeCosta_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeCosta_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeCosta-Klipa2019" class="citation news cs1">DeCosta-Klipa, Nik (19 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2019/09/19/dudley-square-name-change-ballot-question">"Boston residents will get to vote on changing the name of Dudley Square. Here's why"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Boston.com" title="Boston.com">Boston.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191105175934/https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2019/09/19/dudley-square-name-change-ballot-question">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston.com&rft.atitle=Boston+residents+will+get+to+vote+on+changing+the+name+of+Dudley+Square.+Here%27s+why.&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft.aulast=DeCosta-Klipa&rft.aufirst=Nik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2F2019%2F09%2F19%2Fdudley-square-name-change-ballot-question&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaily_Free_Press_Staff2019" class="citation news cs1">Daily Free Press Staff (6 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailyfreepress.com/blog/2019/11/06/boston-votes-against-renaming-dudley-square/">"Boston votes against renaming Dudley Square"</a>. <i>The Daily Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106213309/https://dailyfreepress.com/blog/2019/11/06/boston-votes-against-renaming-dudley-square/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Boston+votes+against+renaming+Dudley+Square&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft.au=Daily+Free+Press+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailyfreepress.com%2Fblog%2F2019%2F11%2F06%2Fboston-votes-against-renaming-dudley-square%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacQuarrie2019" class="citation news cs1">MacQuarrie, Brian (18 December 2019). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/12/18/dudley-square-intersection-colonial-history-african-heritage/v80RJMzVlKh4gl3rQ8uJdN/story.html">"Dudley Square: at the intersection of Colonial history, African heritage"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191223211945/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/12/18/dudley-square-intersection-colonial-history-african-heritage/v80RJMzVlKh4gl3rQ8uJdN/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Dudley+Square%3A+at+the+intersection+of+Colonial+history%2C+African+heritage&rft.date=2019-12-18&rft.aulast=MacQuarrie&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fmetro%2F2019%2F12%2F18%2Fdudley-square-intersection-colonial-history-african-heritage%2Fv80RJMzVlKh4gl3rQ8uJdN%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.gov/departments/elections/unofficial-election-results">"BOSTON MUNICIPAL ELECTION NOVEMBER 2019"</a>. <i>boston.gov</i>. 3 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410173141/https://www.boston.gov/departments/elections/unofficial-election-results">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=boston.gov&rft.atitle=BOSTON+MUNICIPAL+ELECTION+NOVEMBER+2019&rft.date=2016-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.gov%2Fdepartments%2Felections%2Funofficial-election-results&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BH1115-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BH1115_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotter2019" class="citation news cs1">Cotter, Sean Philip (15 November 2019). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonherald.com/2019/11/15/behind-the-8-ball-boston-heads-for-city-council-recount-as-margin-just-8-votes/">"Behind the 8 ball: Boston heads for City Council recount as margin just 8 votes"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Herald" title="Boston Herald">Boston Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191116015304/https://www.bostonherald.com/2019/11/15/behind-the-8-ball-boston-heads-for-city-council-recount-as-margin-just-8-votes/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Herald&rft.atitle=Behind+the+8+ball%3A+Boston+heads+for+City+Council+recount+as+margin+just+8+votes&rft.date=2019-11-15&rft.aulast=Cotter&rft.aufirst=Sean+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonherald.com%2F2019%2F11%2F15%2Fbehind-the-8-ball-boston-heads-for-city-council-recount-as-margin-just-8-votes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFadamg2019" class="citation news cs1">adamg (19 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalhub.com/2019/dudley-square-officially-gets-renamed-nubian">"Dudley Square officially gets renamed Nubian Square"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191219165049/https://www.universalhub.com/2019/dudley-square-officially-gets-renamed-nubian">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dudley+Square+officially+gets+renamed+Nubian+Square&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft.au=adamg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.universalhub.com%2F2019%2Fdudley-square-officially-gets-renamed-nubian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BH119-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BH119_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotter2019" class="citation news cs1">Cotter, Sean Philip (19 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonherald.com/2019/12/19/roxburys-dudley-square-renamed-nubian-square/">"Roxbury's Dudley Square renamed Nubian Square"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Herald" title="Boston Herald">Boston Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191219200037/https://www.bostonherald.com/2019/12/19/roxburys-dudley-square-renamed-nubian-square/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Herald&rft.atitle=Roxbury%27s+Dudley+Square+renamed+Nubian+Square&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft.aulast=Cotter&rft.aufirst=Sean+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonherald.com%2F2019%2F12%2F19%2Froxburys-dudley-square-renamed-nubian-square%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelcher" class="citation web cs1">Belcher, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roster.transithistory.org/MBTARouteHistory.pdf">"Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA district"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_Street_Railway_Association" title="Boston Street Railway Association">Boston Street Railway Association</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changes+to+Transit+Service+in+the+MBTA+district&rft.pub=Boston+Street+Railway+Association&rft.aulast=Belcher&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froster.transithistory.org%2FMBTARouteHistory.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1995" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Robert Charles (1995). <i>The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620–1633</i>. Boston, MA: New England Historic Genealogical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88082-120-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88082-120-9"><bdi>978-0-88082-120-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42469253">42469253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Migration+Begins%3A+Immigrants+to+New+England%2C+1620%E2%80%931633&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=New+England+Historic+Genealogical+Society&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42469253&rft.isbn=978-0-88082-120-9&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Robert+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailyn1979" class="citation book cs1">Bailyn, Bernard (1979). <i>The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-61280-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-61280-8"><bdi>978-0-674-61280-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/257293935">257293935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+England+Merchants+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F257293935&rft.isbn=978-0-674-61280-8&rft.aulast=Bailyn&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattis1962" class="citation book cs1">Battis, Emery (1962). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintssectariesa0000batt"><i>Saints and Sectaries: Anne Hutchinson and the Antinomian Controversy in the Massachusetts Bay Colony</i></a></span>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints+and+Sectaries%3A+Anne+Hutchinson+and+the+Antinomian+Controversy+in+the+Massachusetts+Bay+Colony&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Battis&rft.aufirst=Emery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsaintssectariesa0000batt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBremer2003" class="citation book cs1">Bremer, Francis (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnwinthropamer00brem"><i>John Winthrop: America's Forgotten Founder</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514913-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514913-5"><bdi>978-0-19-514913-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/237802295">237802295</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Winthrop%3A+America%27s+Forgotten+Founder&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F237802295&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514913-5&rft.aulast=Bremer&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohnwinthropamer00brem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBremerWebster,_Tom2006" class="citation book cs1">Bremer, Francis; Webster, Tom (2006). <i>Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: a Comprehensive Encyclopedia</i>. New York: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-678-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-678-1"><bdi>978-1-57607-678-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/162315455">162315455</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Puritans+and+Puritanism+in+Europe+and+America%3A+a+Comprehensive+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F162315455&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-678-1&rft.aulast=Bremer&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.au=Webster%2C+Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuntingFloyd,_Margaret_Henderson1985" class="citation book cs1">Bunting, Bainbridge; Floyd, Margaret Henderson (1985). <i>Harvard: an Architectural History</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-37290-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-37290-0"><bdi>978-0-674-37290-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11650514">11650514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harvard%3A+an+Architectural+History&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11650514&rft.isbn=978-0-674-37290-0&rft.aulast=Bunting&rft.aufirst=Bainbridge&rft.au=Floyd%2C+Margaret+Henderson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Harvard Library Bulletin, Volume 29</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. 1981. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1751811">1751811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harvard+Library+Bulletin%2C+Volume+29&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1751811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurd1890" class="citation book cs1">Hurd, Duane Hamilton, ed. (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m74TAAAAYAAJ"><i>History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Volume 1</i></a>. Philadelphia: J. W. Lewis. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2155461">2155461</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160501172852/https://books.google.com/books?id=m74TAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Middlesex+County%2C+Massachusetts%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=J.+W.+Lewis&rft.date=1890&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2155461&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm74TAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1900" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Augustine (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_8FbOuD7g3C0C"><i>The Life and Work of Thomas Dudley, the Second Governor of Massachusetts</i></a>. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/123194823">123194823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Work+of+Thomas+Dudley%2C+the+Second+Governor+of+Massachusetts&rft.place=Boston+and+New+York&rft.pub=Houghton%2C+Mifflin&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F123194823&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Augustine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_8FbOuD7g3C0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellogg2010" class="citation book cs1">Kellogg, D. B (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/obstacleswelcome0000dela"><i>Anne Bradstreet</i></a></span>. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59555-109-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59555-109-2"><bdi>978-1-59555-109-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/527702802">527702802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anne+Bradstreet&rft.place=Nashville%2C+TN&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F527702802&rft.isbn=978-1-59555-109-2&rft.aulast=Kellogg&rft.aufirst=D.+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fobstacleswelcome0000dela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1851" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Jacob Bailey (1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livesgovernorsn00moorgoog"><i>Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay</i></a>. Boston: C. D. Strong. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livesgovernorsn00moorgoog/page/n286">273</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11362972">11362972</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Governors+of+New+Plymouth+and+Massachusetts+Bay&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=C.+D.+Strong&rft.date=1851&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11362972&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Jacob+Bailey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivesgovernorsn00moorgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorison1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morison" title="Samuel Eliot Morison">Morison, Samuel Eliot</a> (1995) [1935]. <i>The Founding of Harvard College</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-31451-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-31451-1"><bdi>978-0-674-31451-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/185403584">185403584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Founding+of+Harvard+College&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F185403584&rft.isbn=978-0-674-31451-1&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Eliot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/proceedingsmass02socigoog"><i>Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society</i></a>. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Historical Society, Volume 12. 1873. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/proceedingsmass02socigoog/page/n440">412</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1695300">1695300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Massachusetts+Historical+Society&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Historical+Society%2C+Volume+12&rft.date=1873&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1695300&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fproceedingsmass02socigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardsonEveringham,_KimballFaris,_David2004" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Douglas; Everingham, Kimball; Faris, David (2004). <i>Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families</i>. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-1750-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-1750-2"><bdi>978-0-8063-1750-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55848314">55848314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plantagenet+Ancestry%3A+A+Study+in+Colonial+and+Medieval+Families&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55848314&rft.isbn=978-0-8063-1750-2&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.au=Everingham%2C+Kimball&rft.au=Faris%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudley1848" class="citation book cs1">Dudley, Dean (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dudleygenealogi00dudlgoog"><i>The Dudley Genealogies and Family Records</i></a>. Boston, MA: self-published. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3029090">3029090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dudley+Genealogies+and+Family+Records&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=self-published&rft.date=1848&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3029090&rft.aulast=Dudley&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdudleygenealogi00dudlgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernor_Thomas_Dudley_Family_Association1894" class="citation book cs1">Governor Thomas Dudley Family Association (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bDlKAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA42"><i>The First Annual Meeting of the Governor Thomas Dudley Association, Boston, Ma., 17 Oct. 1893</i></a>. Boston, MA: self-published. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9274332">9274332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Governor+Thomas+Dudley+Association%2C+Boston%2C+Ma.%2C+17+Oct.+1893&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=self-published&rft.date=1894&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9274332&rft.au=Governor+Thomas+Dudley+Family+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbDlKAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA4-PA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Dudley" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.familypage.org/mystdud.pdf">"The Mystery of Thomas Dudley's Paternal Ancestors"</a> H. Allen Curtis</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wargs.com/political/kerry.html">Ancestry of Sen. John Kerry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618171322/http://www.theeaglesociety.com/">The Eagle Society</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Massachusetts604" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Massachusetts604" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governors of Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Colony <br /> <span class="nobold">(1629–1686)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Haynes_(governor)" title="John Haynes (governor)">Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger" title="Henry Vane the Younger">Vane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leverett" title="John Leverett">Leverett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Bradstreet</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="527" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion <br /> <span class="nobold">(1686–1689)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">J. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Andros" title="Edmund Andros">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Bradstreet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province <br /> <span class="nobold">(1692–1776)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Phips" title="William Phips">W. Phips</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Coote,_1st_Earl_of_Bellomont" title="Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont">Bellomont</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">J. Dudley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">J. Dudley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Tailer" title="William Tailer">Tailer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Shute" title="Samuel Shute">Shute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Dummer" title="William Dummer">Dummer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burnet_(colonial_administrator)" title="William Burnet (colonial administrator)">Burnet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Dummer" title="William Dummer">Dummer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Tailer" title="William Tailer">Tailer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Belcher" title="Jonathan Belcher">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shirley" title="William Shirley">Shirley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Phips" title="Spencer Phips">S. Phips</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shirley" title="William Shirley">Shirley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Phips" title="Spencer Phips">S. Phips</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pownall" title="Thomas Pownall">Pownall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)" title="Thomas Hutchinson (governor)">Hutchinson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Bernard,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)" title="Thomas Hutchinson (governor)">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Gage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Commonwealth <br /> <span class="nobold">(since 1776)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cushing" title="Thomas Cushing">Cushing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bowdoin" title="James Bowdoin">Bowdoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Increase_Sumner" title="Increase Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moses_Gill" title="Moses Gill">Gill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sullivan_(governor)" title="James Sullivan (governor)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">Lincoln Sr.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gore" title="Christopher Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brooks_(governor)" title="John Brooks (governor)">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">Lincoln Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Turell_Armstrong" title="Samuel Turell Armstrong">Armstrong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Clifford" title="John H. Clifford">Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Washburn" title="Emory Washburn">E. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gardner" title="Henry Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Albion_Andrew" title="John Albion Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bullock" title="Alexander Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">W. Washburn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Talbot_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts politician)">Talbot</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gaston_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Gaston (Massachusetts politician)">Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Talbot_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts politician)">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ames_(governor)" title="Oliver Ames (governor)">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Q._A._Brackett" title="John Q. A. Brackett">Brackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Russell_(politician)" title="William E. Russell (politician)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_T._Greenhalge" title="Frederic T. Greenhalge">Greenhalge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Roger Wolcott (Massachusetts politician)">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_M._Crane" title="Winthrop M. Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Bates" title="John L. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_Douglas" title="William Lewis Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Guild_Jr." title="Curtis Guild Jr.">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_Sumner_Draper" title="Eben Sumner Draper">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._McCall" title="Samuel W. McCall">McCall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing_H._Cox" title="Channing H. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_G._Allen" title="Frank G. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Ely" title="Joseph B. Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Hurley" title="Charles F. Hurley">Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_J._Tobin" title="Maurice J. Tobin">Tobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Bradford" title="Robert F. Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Dever" title="Paul A. Dever">Dever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Furcolo" title="Foster Furcolo">Furcolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endicott_Peabody" title="Endicott Peabody">Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Sargent" title="Francis Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._King" title="Edward J. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cellucci" title="Paul Cellucci">Cellucci</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jane_Swift" title="Jane Swift">Swift</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Baker" title="Charlie Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Healey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate acting officeholders</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts585" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Template:Lieutenant governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Lieutenant governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lieutenant governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts585" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts"> Lieutenant governors of Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Colony <br /> <span class="nobold">(1629–1686)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Goffe_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Goffe (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Goffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Humphrey_(Massachusetts_colonist)" title="John Humphrey (Massachusetts colonist)">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ludlow" title="Roger Ludlow">Ludlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Willoughby_(1613%E2%80%931671)" title="Francis Willoughby (1613–1671)">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leverett" title="John Leverett">Leverett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Symonds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Symonds (page does not exist)">Symonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Bradstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Danforth" title="Thomas Danforth">Danforth</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/75px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/113px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="448" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion <br /> <span class="nobold">(1686–1689)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Nicholson" title="Francis Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province <br /> <span class="nobold">(1692–1776)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Povey_(Massachusetts)" title="Thomas Povey (Massachusetts)">Povey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tailer" title="William Tailer">Tailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dummer" title="William Dummer">Dummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tailer" title="William Tailer">Tailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Phips" title="Spencer Phips">S. Phips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)" title="Thomas Hutchinson (governor)">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Oliver" title="Andrew Oliver">A. Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Oliver_(lieutenant_governor)" title="Thomas Oliver (lieutenant governor)">T. Oliver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Commonwealth <br /> <span class="nobold">(since 1776)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cushing" title="Thomas Cushing">T. Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln">B. Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Gill" title="Moses Gill">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Phillips_Jr." title="Samuel Phillips Jr.">S. Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Robbins" title="Edward Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">L. Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cobb_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="David Cobb (Massachusetts politician)">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gray_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Gray (Massachusetts politician)">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Phillips_Jr." title="William Phillips Jr.">W. Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">L. Lincoln Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Winthrop" title="Thomas L. Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Turell_Armstrong" title="Samuel Turell Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hull_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="George Hull (Massachusetts politician)">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Childs" title="Henry H. Childs">Childs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Cushman" title="Henry W. Cushman">Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Huntington" title="Elisha Huntington">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Plunkett" title="William C. Plunkett">Plunkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Brown_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Simon Brown (Massachusetts politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wetherby_Benchley" title="Henry Wetherby Benchley">Benchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliphalet_Trask" title="Eliphalet Trask">Trask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nesmith" title="John Nesmith">Nesmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Hayden" title="Joel Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tucker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Tucker (Massachusetts politician)">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Talbot_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts politician)">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_G._Knight" title="Horatio G. Knight">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Weston" title="Byron Weston">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ames_(governor)" title="Oliver Ames (governor)">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Q._A._Brackett" title="John Q. A. Brackett">Brackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Haile" title="William H. Haile">Haile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Roger Wolcott (Massachusetts politician)">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_M._Crane" title="Winthrop M. Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Bates" title="John L. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Guild_Jr." title="Curtis Guild Jr.">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_Sumner_Draper" title="Eben Sumner Draper">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_A._Frothingham" title="Louis A. Frothingham">Frothingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Barry" title="Edward P. Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_D._Cushing" title="Grafton D. Cushing">G. Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">C. Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing_H._Cox" title="Channing H. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_G._Allen" title="Frank G. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Youngman" title="William S. Youngman">Youngman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_G._Bacon" title="Gaspar G. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Hurley" title="Joseph L. Hurley">Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Kelly" title="Francis E. Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_T._Cahill" title="Horace T. Cahill">Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Bradford" title="Robert F. Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_W._Coolidge" title="Arthur W. Coolidge">A. Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Sullivan" title="Charles F. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_G._Whittier" title="Sumner G. Whittier">Whittier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Murphy_(politician)" title="Robert F. Murphy (politician)">R. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._McLaughlin_Jr." title="Edward F. McLaughlin Jr.">McLaughin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bellotti" title="Francis Bellotti">Bellotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Sargent" title="Francis Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dwight" title="Donald Dwight">Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._O%27Neill_III" title="Thomas P. O'Neill III">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Murphy" title="Evelyn Murphy">E. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cellucci" title="Paul Cellucci">Cellucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Swift" title="Jane Swift">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Healey" title="Kerry Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Murray" title="Tim Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyn_Polito" title="Karyn Polito">Polito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Driscoll" title="Kim Driscoll">Driscoll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Dudley–Winthrop_family_tree33" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dudley%E2%80%93Winthrop_family_tree" title="Template:Dudley–Winthrop family tree"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dudley%E2%80%93Winthrop_family_tree" title="Template talk:Dudley–Winthrop family tree"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dudley%E2%80%93Winthrop_family_tree" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dudley–Winthrop family tree"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Dudley–Winthrop_family_tree33" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The Dudley–Winthrop family tree</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Thomas_Dudley" title="Special:EditPage/Thomas Dudley">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin:0pt auto; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Adam Winthrop<br />(1548–1623)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Dudley" title="Roger Dudley">Roger Dudley</a><br />(d. 1580s)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a><br />(1588–1649)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Anne Winthrop<br />(1585–1618)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Thomas Fones<br />(1573–1629)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas Dudley</a><br />(1576–1653)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop_the_Younger" title="John Winthrop the Younger">John Winthrop the Younger</a><br />(1606–1676)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Winthrop" title="Henry Winthrop">Henry Winthrop</a><br />(1608–1630)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fones" title="Elizabeth Fones">Elizabeth Fones</a><br />(1610–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1673</span>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Simon Bradstreet</a><br />(1603–1697)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bradstreet" title="Anne Bradstreet">Anne Dudley</a><br />(1612–1672)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">Joseph Dudley</a><br />(1647–1720)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Wait_Winthrop" title="Wait Winthrop">Wait Still Winthrop</a><br />(1642–1717)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Fitz-John_Winthrop" title="Fitz-John Winthrop">Fitz-John Winthrop</a><br />(1638–1707)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dudley_(jurist)" title="Paul Dudley (jurist)">Paul Dudley</a><br />(1675–1751)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Ann Dudley<br />(1684–1776)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">John Winthrop, F.R.S.<br />(1681–1747)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">John Still Winthrop<br />(1720–1776)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Winthrop" title="Thomas L. Winthrop">Thomas L. Winthrop</a><br />(1760–1841)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Francis Bayard Winthrop<br />(1754–1817)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Robert Charles Winthrop</a><br />(1809–1894)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Thomas Charles Winthrop<br />(1797–1873)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Francis B. Winthrop Jr.<br />(1787–1841)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Robert C. Winthrop Jr.<br />(1834–1905)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Winthrop_(banker)" title="Robert Winthrop (banker)">Robert Winthrop</a><br />(1833–1892)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Katherine Wilson <a href="/wiki/Moses_Taylor" title="Moses Taylor">Taylor</a><br />(1839–1925)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Winthrop" title="Theodore Winthrop">Theodore Winthrop</a><br />(1828–1861)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">James Grant Forbes<br />(1879–1955)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Margaret Tyndal Winthrop<br />(1880–1970)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Beekman_Winthrop" title="Beekman Winthrop">Beekman Winthrop</a><br />(1874–1940)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Katherine Taylor Winthrop<br />(1866–1943)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_F._Kean" title="Hamilton F. Kean">Hamilton F. Kean</a><br />(1862–1941)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kerry" title="Richard Kerry">Richard Kerry</a><br />(1915-2000)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Forbes_Kerry" title="Rosemary Forbes Kerry">Rosemary Forbes</a><br />(1913–2002)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kean" title="Robert Kean">Robert Kean</a><br />(1893–1980)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a><br />(1943–)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Kerry" title="Cameron Kerry">Cameron Kerry</a><br />(1950-)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kean" title="Thomas Kean">Thomas Kean</a><br />(1935–)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kean_Jr." title="Thomas Kean Jr.">Thomas Kean Jr.</a><br />(1968–)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Notes</b> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375657#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata936" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375657#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata936" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375657#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000028392166">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/21109664">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/151439/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhhvfBpWg4H7kKyVvtYfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1016589042">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85088925">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ks86qz">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&oldid=1271616424">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Dudley&oldid=1271616424</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1576_births" title="Category:1576 births">1576 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1653_deaths" 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