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id="toc-Spanish_colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Spanish colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>American colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-District_of_El_Principe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_of_El_Principe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>District of El Principe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_of_El_Principe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Postwar era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1968_Casiguran_earthquake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1968_Casiguran_earthquake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>1968 Casiguran earthquake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1968_Casiguran_earthquake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_the_Marcos_dictatorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_the_Marcos_dictatorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>During the Marcos dictatorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_the_Marcos_dictatorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth_of_the_surf_tourism_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_of_the_surf_tourism_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Birth of the surf tourism industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_of_the_surf_tourism_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_assignment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_assignment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Administrative assignment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_assignment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Contemporary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barangays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barangays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Barangays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barangays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Catholicism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aurora_Pacific_Economic_Zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aurora_Pacific_Economic_Zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Aurora Pacific Economic Zone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aurora_Pacific_Economic_Zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aurora (province)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propinsi_Aurora" title="Propinsi Aurora – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Propinsi Aurora" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86)" title="أورورا (الفلبين) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أورورا (الفلبين)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86)" title="آرورا (فیلیپین) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آرورا (فیلیپین)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aurora" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Aurora" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(Filipines)" title="Aurora (Filipines) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aurora (Filipines)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aurora" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Aurora" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinz_Aurora" title="Provinz Aurora – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Provinz Aurora" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Aurora" title="Provincia de Aurora – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincia de Aurora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADroro_(provinco)" title="Aŭroro (provinco) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭroro (provinco)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86)" title="آرورا (فیلیپین) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرورا (فیلیپین)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(Philippines)" title="Aurora (Philippines) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aurora (Philippines)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9A%B0%EB%A1%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A3%BC" title="아우로라주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아우로라주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="औरोरा प्रान्त – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="औरोरा प्रान्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Aurora" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(provinsi)" title="Aurora (provinsi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aurora (provinsi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_di_Aurora" title="Provincia di Aurora – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Provincia di Aurora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalaw%C3%ADgan_ning_Aurora" title="Lalawígan ning Aurora – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Lalawígan ning Aurora" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="აურორას პროვინცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აურორას პროვინცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(provincia)" title="Aurora (provincia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aurora (provincia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(province)" title="Aurora (province) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aurora (province)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Аурора (покраина) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аурора (покраина)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(wilayah)" title="Aurora (wilayah) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aurora (wilayah)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(provincie)" title="Aurora (provincie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aurora (provincie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A9%E5%B7%9E" title="アウロラ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アウロラ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(provins)" title="Aurora (provins) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aurora (provins)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Aurora" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(prowincja)" title="Aurora (prowincja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aurora (prowincja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(prov%C3%ADncia)" title="Aurora (província) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aurora (província)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Аурора (провинция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аурора (провинция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(province)" title="Aurora (province) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aurora (province)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(provinssi)" title="Aurora (provinssi) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aurora (provinssi)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(provins)" title="Aurora (provins) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aurora (provins)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(lalawigan)" title="Aurora (lalawigan) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aurora (lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE" title="அவுரோரா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அவுரோரா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="จังหวัดเอาโรรา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จังหวัดเอาโรรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(il)" title="Aurora (il) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aurora (il)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Аурора (провінція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аурора (провінція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81)" title="آرورا (صوبہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آرورا (صوبہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(t%E1%BB%89nh)" title="Aurora (tỉnh) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aurora (tỉnh)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(lalawigan)" title="Aurora (lalawigan) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aurora (lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E7%BD%97%E6%8B%89%E7%9C%81" title="奥罗拉省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥罗拉省" data-language-autonym="中文" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aurora_(province)&params=15.88_N_121.55_E_region:PH_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°53′N</span> <span class="longitude">121°33′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.88°N 121.55°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.88; 121.55</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Central Luzon, Philippines</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Central Luzon, Philippines</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Aurora</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:250px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuaresma_beach_casiguran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cuaresma_beach_casiguran.jpg/250px-Cuaresma_beach_casiguran.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cuaresma_beach_casiguran.jpg/375px-Cuaresma_beach_casiguran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cuaresma_beach_casiguran.jpg/500px-Cuaresma_beach_casiguran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3247" data-file-height="2243" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dicasalarin_Cove_(Baler).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Dicasalarin_Cove_%28Baler%29.jpg/124px-Dicasalarin_Cove_%28Baler%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Dicasalarin_Cove_%28Baler%29.jpg/186px-Dicasalarin_Cove_%28Baler%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Dicasalarin_Cove_%28Baler%29.jpg/248px-Dicasalarin_Cove_%28Baler%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Din1574jf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Din1574jf.JPG/124px-Din1574jf.JPG" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Din1574jf.JPG/186px-Din1574jf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Din1574jf.JPG/248px-Din1574jf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DITAWINI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DITAWINI.jpg/250px-DITAWINI.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DITAWINI.jpg/375px-DITAWINI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/DITAWINI.jpg/500px-DITAWINI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">(from top: left to right) Cuaresma beach in <a href="/wiki/Casiguran,_Aurora" title="Casiguran, Aurora">Casiguran</a>, Dicasalarin Cove in <a href="/wiki/Baler,_Aurora" title="Baler, Aurora">Baler</a>, Dinadiawan Beach in <a href="/wiki/Dipaculao" title="Dipaculao">Dipaculao</a>, Ditawini beach in <a href="/wiki/Dinalungan" title="Dinalungan">Dinalungan</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PH-AUR_Flag.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Aurora"><img alt="Flag of Aurora" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PH-AUR_Flag.png/120px-PH-AUR_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PH-AUR_Flag.png/180px-PH-AUR_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PH-AUR_Flag.png/240px-PH-AUR_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="501" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_seal_aurora.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Aurora"><img alt="Official seal of Aurora" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Ph_seal_aurora.png/80px-Ph_seal_aurora.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Ph_seal_aurora.png/120px-Ph_seal_aurora.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Ph_seal_aurora.png/160px-Ph_seal_aurora.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurora_in_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in the Philippines"><img alt="Location in the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Aurora_in_Philippines.svg/250px-Aurora_in_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Aurora_in_Philippines.svg/375px-Aurora_in_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Aurora_in_Philippines.svg/500px-Aurora_in_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1869" data-file-height="2465" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in the Philippines</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">OpenStreetMap</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_0a6292ac72aa4967b2e9bc8cd7158ba9718a4b25"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Aurora_%28province%29&revid=1262834686&groups=_0a6292ac72aa4967b2e9bc8cd7158ba9718a4b25" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Aurora_%28province%29&revid=1262834686&groups=_0a6292ac72aa4967b2e9bc8cd7158ba9718a4b25 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aurora_(province)&params=15.88_N_121.55_E_region:PH_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°53′N</span> <span class="longitude">121°33′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.88°N 121.55°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.88; 121.55</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Date_of_establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Date of establishment">Founded</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1951 (<i>as sub-province of <a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a></i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Province</th><td class="infobox-data">13 August 1979</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Quezon" title="Aurora Quezon">Aurora Quezon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baler,_Aurora" title="Baler, Aurora">Baler</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Aurora,_Aurora" title="Maria Aurora, Aurora">Maria Aurora</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Aurora" title="Governor of Aurora">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Christian M. Noveras (<a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">PFP</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Vice_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Governor">Vice Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jennifer A. Araña (<a href="/wiki/Partido_Federal_ng_Pilipinas" title="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas">PFP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Panlalawigan" title="Sangguniang Panlalawigan">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Provincial_Board" title="Aurora Provincial Board">Aurora Provincial Board</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-nscblist_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscblist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,147.32 km<sup>2</sup> (1,215.19 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">42nd out of 81</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Mingan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Mingan (page does not exist)">Mount Mingan</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,901 m (6,237 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–03_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–03-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">235,750</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">70th out of 81</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">75/km<sup>2</sup> (190/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">77th out of 81</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Auroran, Auroreño</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Divisions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Independent_cities" title="Cities of the Philippines">Independent<span class="nowrap"> </span>cities</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">Component cities</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">Municipalities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;"><div>8</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baler,_Aurora" title="Baler, Aurora">Baler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Casiguran,_Aurora" title="Casiguran, Aurora">Casiguran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dilasag" title="Dilasag">Dilasag</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dinalungan" title="Dinalungan">Dinalungan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dingalan" title="Dingalan">Dingalan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dipaculao" title="Dipaculao">Dipaculao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Aurora,_Aurora" title="Maria Aurora, Aurora">Maria Aurora</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis,_Aurora" title="San Luis, Aurora">San Luis</a></li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangays</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Aurora" class="mw-redirect" title="List of barangays in Aurora">151</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_district_of_Aurora" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative district of Aurora">Legislative district of Aurora</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a> (53%)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a> (31%)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin" title="Kasiguranin">Kasiguranin</a> (5%)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bicolano_people" title="Bicolano people">Bicolano</a> (4%)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_people" title="Kankanaey people">Kankanaey</a> (1%)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages">Languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasiguranin language">Kasiguranin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_Standard_Time" title="Philippine Standard Time">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ZIP_codes_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ZIP codes in the Philippines">ZIP code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">3200–3207</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_direct_dialing" title="International direct dialing">IDD</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>:<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Philippines" title="Telephone numbers in the Philippines">area code</a> </span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">+63 (0)42</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">PH-AUR</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aurora.gov.ph">www<wbr />.aurora<wbr />.gov<wbr />.ph</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Aurora</b>, officially the <b>Province of Aurora</b> (<a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Lalawigan ng Aurora</i>; <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a>: <i lang="ilo">Probinsia ti Aurora</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">province</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> located in the eastern part of <a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">region</a>, facing the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a>. Its capital is <a href="/wiki/Baler,_Aurora" title="Baler, Aurora">Baler</a> and borders, clockwise from the south, the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">Quirino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Aurora,_Aurora" title="Maria Aurora, Aurora">Maria Aurora</a> is the only landlocked town in the province and yet, the most populous. It is the only province in Central Luzon that has no chartered cities. </p><p>Before 1979, Aurora was part of the province of Quezon. Aurora was, in fact, named after <a href="/wiki/Aurora_A._Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora A. Quezon">Aurora Aragon</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a>, the president of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Philippine Commonwealth</a>, after whom the mother province was named. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_El_Pr%C3%ADncipe_(2)_from_%22Under_the_red_and_gold%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Map_of_El_Pr%C3%ADncipe_%282%29_from_%22Under_the_red_and_gold%22.jpg/250px-Map_of_El_Pr%C3%ADncipe_%282%29_from_%22Under_the_red_and_gold%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Map_of_El_Pr%C3%ADncipe_%282%29_from_%22Under_the_red_and_gold%22.jpg/375px-Map_of_El_Pr%C3%ADncipe_%282%29_from_%22Under_the_red_and_gold%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Map_of_El_Pr%C3%ADncipe_%282%29_from_%22Under_the_red_and_gold%22.jpg/500px-Map_of_El_Pr%C3%ADncipe_%282%29_from_%22Under_the_red_and_gold%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2744" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Map of northern Tayabas in 1909.</div></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_(1899).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281899%29.svg/350px-Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281899%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="541" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281899%29.svg/525px-Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281899%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281899%29.svg/700px-Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281899%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Map of the district of El Príncipe in 1899.</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_colonial_era">Spanish colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spanish colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1572, the Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Salcedo" title="Juan de Salcedo">Juan de Salcedo</a> became the first European to visit the region that would be known as Aurora while he was exploring the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>. Salcedo reportedly visited the towns of <a href="/wiki/Casiguran,_Aurora" title="Casiguran, Aurora">Casiguran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baler,_Aurora" title="Baler, Aurora">Baler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infanta,_Quezon" title="Infanta, Quezon">Infanta</a>. Baler & Casiguran were part of La Provincia de La Pampanga, which also included <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a>, and in 1591, the towns became part of Kalilayan, which included Nueva Ecija, until Kalilayan changed its name to Tayabas in 1749, taken from the <a href="/wiki/Tayabas" title="Tayabas">town of the same name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AuroraHist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AuroraHist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BalerSpanish_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BalerSpanish-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QuezonGovPH-History_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QuezonGovPH-History-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early days of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1521–1898)">Spanish colonial period</a>, Aurora was ecclesiastically linked to <a href="/wiki/Infanta,_Quezon" title="Infanta, Quezon">Infanta</a>, which today rests further south, in northern Quezon. The earliest missionaries in the province were the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscans</a>, who had established <a href="/wiki/Mission_(station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (station)">missions</a> in Baler and Casiguran in 1609.<sup id="cite_ref-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to lack of available personnel, the region was given to the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Recollects" title="Recollects">Recollects</a> in 1658, but was returned to the <a href="/wiki/Friars_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Friars Minor">Friars Minor</a> in 1703. Other early missions included <a href="/wiki/Dipaculao" title="Dipaculao">Dipaculao</a>, established in 1719, and Casiguran, in 1753. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <p>In 1705, the Military Comandancia of Nueva Ecija was created and was governed by <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Philippines" title="Governor-General of the Philippines">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Cruzat_y_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Fausto Cruzat y Góngora">Fausto Cruzat y Góngora</a>. It included huge swathes of <a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a>, the Contracosta towns, as well as the Kalilayan area and <a href="/wiki/Polillo_Islands" title="Polillo Islands">Polillo Islands</a>, however Nueva Ecija was still part of La Pampanga province at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BalerSpanish_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BalerSpanish-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contracosta was the Spanish colonial name for the towns on the east coast and included towns from <a href="/wiki/Mauban" title="Mauban">Mauban</a>, Binangonan de Lampon, to El Principe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QuezonGovPH-History_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QuezonGovPH-History-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Contracosta & Kalilayan were part of La Laguna province at that time before including them in Nueva Ecija, they became jointly ruled by La Pampanga & La Laguna provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contracosta and Tayabas area became jointly ruled by Tayabas and Pampanga when Tayabas became independent from La Laguna in 1754. When <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Aguilar_y_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León">Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León</a> took over as Governor-General of the Philippines, he decreed the separation of the military- district of Nueva Ecija from the province of Pampanga and became a regular province on April 25, 1801, including the town of Baler, acquired from Tayabas.<sup id="cite_ref-AuroraHist_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AuroraHist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <p>In 1818, Nueva Ecija annexed the towns of Palanan from Isabela, as well as Baler, Casiguran, Infanta (formerly called Binangonan de Lampon) and Polillo Islands from Tayabas, and Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, and part of Rizal.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1853, the new military district of Tayabas was separated from Nueva Ecija and included present-day Southern Quezon as well as present-day Aurora. In 1858, Binangonan de Lampon and the Polillo Islands were separated from Nueva Ecija to form part of Infanta.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1855 and 1885, El Principe was established as its own Military Comandancia with its capital in Baler.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_colonial_era">American colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_(1908).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281908%29.svg/400px-Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281908%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="619" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281908%29.svg/600px-Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281908%29.svg/800px-Administrative_Divisions_of_the_Philippines_%281908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Location of northern <a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Tayabas</a> since 1908.</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Tayabas_province_1918_map.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Northern_Tayabas_province_1918_map.JPG/170px-Northern_Tayabas_province_1918_map.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Northern_Tayabas_province_1918_map.JPG/255px-Northern_Tayabas_province_1918_map.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Northern_Tayabas_province_1918_map.JPG/340px-Northern_Tayabas_province_1918_map.JPG 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Location of northern <a href="/wiki/Tayabas_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayabas (province)">Tayabas</a> in 1918</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_philippines_map.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Northern_philippines_map.JPG/200px-Northern_philippines_map.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Northern_philippines_map.JPG/300px-Northern_philippines_map.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Northern_philippines_map.JPG 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">An old map showing the current northern territory of Aurora as part of Nueva Vizcaya.</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collier%27s_1921_Philippine_Islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Collier%27s_1921_Philippine_Islands.jpg/350px-Collier%27s_1921_Philippine_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="423" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Collier%27s_1921_Philippine_Islands.jpg/525px-Collier%27s_1921_Philippine_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Collier%27s_1921_Philippine_Islands.jpg/700px-Collier%27s_1921_Philippine_Islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2212" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Map of the Philippine Islands showing location of northern Tayabas as the present territory of Aurora in 1921.</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_land_tenancy_-_Department_of_State,_Map_Division_-_btv1b53196965g.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_land_tenancy_-_Department_of_State%2C_Map_Division_-_btv1b53196965g.jpg/400px-The_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_land_tenancy_-_Department_of_State%2C_Map_Division_-_btv1b53196965g.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="568" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_land_tenancy_-_Department_of_State%2C_Map_Division_-_btv1b53196965g.jpg/600px-The_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_land_tenancy_-_Department_of_State%2C_Map_Division_-_btv1b53196965g.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_land_tenancy_-_Department_of_State%2C_Map_Division_-_btv1b53196965g.jpg/800px-The_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_land_tenancy_-_Department_of_State%2C_Map_Division_-_btv1b53196965g.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8300" data-file-height="11796" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Map showing location of northern Tayabas as the present territory of Aurora during Quezon's time in 1939.</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="District_of_El_Principe">District of El Principe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: District of El Principe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early history of Aurora is linked to Quezon province, of which it formed a part, and Nueva Ecija, under which the area was governed as the District of El Príncipe. In 1902, the district was separated from Nueva Ecija and transferred to the province of <a href="/wiki/Tayabas_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayabas (province)">Tayabas</a> (now Quezon).<sup id="cite_ref-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-balerhist_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balerhist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provincial capital of Tayabas was already transferred from <a href="/wiki/Tayabas" title="Tayabas">Tayabas</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lucena" title="Lucena">Lucena</a> on March 12, 1901, a year before the transfer of El Príncipe.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The northern area which is part of the modern Dilasag and area of modern Casiguran was part of Nueva Vizcaya and also transferred to Tayabas in 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1918, the area of modern Aurora north of Baler was transferred to the authority of Nueva Vizcaya, but returned to Tayabas in 1921 and in 1942, the entire present-day territory of Aurora was annexed from Tayabas to Nueva Ecija,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and returned to Tayabas in 1945<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until the time when Tayabas was renamed to <i>Quezon</i> in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-ra14_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra14-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ra-14_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ra-14-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RA-14_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RA-14-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was named in honor of Manuel Quezon who was the second <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> and elected governor of Tayabas in 1906 and congressman of 1st district of Tayabas in 1907 born and raised in Baler, formerly one of the towns of the province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1942, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">invading Japanese</a> forces landed in the town of Casiguran. On February 19, 1945, to May 11, 1945, <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> troops as well as <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Philippine Commonwealth</a> forces and recognized guerrilla units fought on the Battle of Casiguran during the return of American forces on Luzon on <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_era">Postwar era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postwar era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the postwar years, there were several attempts to make Aurora independent from the rest of Quezon Province. One obvious reason was the area's isolation from the rest of Quezon Province: there were no direct links to the rest of the province and much of the terrain was mountainous and heavily forested, which made the area relatively isolated, and its distance from Quezon's capital <a href="/wiki/Lucena" title="Lucena">Lucena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Independence from Quezon also meant that Aurora would belong in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a> region, in keeping with its precolonial history, rather than part of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Luzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Luzon">Southern Luzon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tantingco:_The_Kapampangan_in_Us_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tantingco:_The_Kapampangan_in_Us-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-language-and-society_Ariel-49-61_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language-and-society_Ariel-49-61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aurora became a sub-province of <a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a> in 1951 through <i><a href="/wiki/Republic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Act">Republic Act</a> No. 648</i> under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a>, after whom its <a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">neighboring province</a> was named.<sup id="cite_ref-ChanRobles-RA648_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChanRobles-RA648-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, the Lieutenant Governor of the Sub-Province Atty. Luis S. Etcubañez filed a Parliamentary Bill for the establishment of Aurora at the <a href="/wiki/Interim_Batasang_Pambansa" title="Interim Batasang Pambansa">Interim Batasang Pambansa</a>, leveraging his political ties with the various Assemblymen of Region IV.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a plebiscite in May 1979 to confirm the citizens of the Province's willingness to separate from Quezon Province, and the eventual establishment of the province through <i><a href="/wiki/Batas_Pambansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Batas Pambansa">Batas Pambansa</a> Blg. 7</i> on November 21, 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChanRobles-BatasPamb7_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChanRobles-BatasPamb7-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1968_Casiguran_earthquake">1968 Casiguran earthquake</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1968 Casiguran earthquake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="20:19:22 UTC on August 1">04:19:22 local time on August 2</span>, the <a href="/wiki/1968_Casiguran_earthquake" title="1968 Casiguran earthquake">1968 Casiguran earthquake</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment magnitude</a> of 7.6 and a maximum <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity</a> of IX (<i>Violent</i>), took place with an epicenter was in <a href="/wiki/Casiguran,_Aurora" title="Casiguran, Aurora">Casiguran</a>. The quake generated a small non-destructive tsunami, but the majority of the 207 people killed during the quake were the result of the collapse of a six-story building in Manila. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_the_Marcos_dictatorship">During the Marcos dictatorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: During the Marcos dictatorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_of_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship">Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship</a></div> <p>The beginning months of the 1970s had marked a period of turmoil and change in the Philippines, as well as in Aurora.<sup id="cite_ref-Robles2016_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robles2016-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GazetteHistoryProtest_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GazetteHistoryProtest-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos%E2%80%99_1969_reelection_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign">bid to be the first Philippine president to be re-elected</a> for a second term, Ferdinand Marcos launched an unprecedented number of foreign debt-funded public works projects. This caused<sup id="cite_ref-Balbosas1992_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balbosas1992-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Balisacan&Hill2003_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balisacan&Hill2003-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Philippine economy to take a sudden downwards turn known as the <a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_balance_of_payments_crisis" title="1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis">1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis</a>, which led to a period of economic difficulty and a significant rise of social unrest.<sup id="cite_ref-Cororaton1997_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cororaton1997-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Celoza1997_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Celoza1997-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kessler1989_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler1989-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "43"">: "43" </span></sup> </p><p>With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president, Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under <a href="/wiki/Martial_Law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos">Martial Law</a> in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years.<sup id="cite_ref-Kasaysayan9ch10_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasaysayan9ch10-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This period in Philippine history is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_of_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship">human rights abuses</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-McCoy199909202_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy199909202-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abinales&Amoroso20052_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abinales&Amoroso20052-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Rappler_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rappler-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One significant impact on the residents of Aurora, especially its farmers, was the administration's practice of hamletting to achieve military control of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quimpo2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the September 1972 declaration, Marcos forces were ordered into the province to achieve a military presence. But the <a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army" title="New People's Army">New People's Army</a> (NPA) which was fighting them responded by establishing a presence of their own in Aurora's mountainous areas. Despite the fact that the residents generally resisted invitations to join the NPA,<sup id="cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quimpo2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the dictatorship troops told the residents that they were not allowed into the fields between four in the afternoon and seven in the morning. This made farming very difficult because people had to work in the fields during the hottest parts of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quimpo2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Things took a more violent turn in the town of Dinalungan during the early 1980s, after farmers organized a rally against a landowner who attempted to claim their farms, seeking help and support from the nuns at the <a href="/wiki/Carmelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmelite">Carmelite</a> mission that had been established there.<sup id="cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quimpo2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the military accused the Carmelites of working with the NPA, and even hunted down the convent's caretaker and one of the church workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quimpo2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young men started disappearing from the farms,<sup id="cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quimpo2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rumors begun to spread that they had been victims of extrajudicial killings by Marcos' forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quimpo2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the male population of Dinalungan began to disappear altogether, with some believed to be victims of the extrajudicial killings, and the rest forced to join the NPA because of the circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quimpo2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unrest persisted until the town was finally declared "insurgency free" in October 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Birth_of_the_surf_tourism_industry">Birth of the surf tourism industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Birth of the surf tourism industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_Now" title="Apocalypse Now">Apocalypse Now</a></div> <p>One of the positive things that did happen to Aurora during the 1970s was the development of the surf tourism industry after the helicopter attack and surfing sequences of the film <i><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_Now" title="Apocalypse Now">Apocalypse Now</a></i> were filmed at Baler in 1976–77. The exposure of locals to the art of surfing during the production of the movie is credited with having sparked the <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a> culture in Aurora and the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Administrative_assignment">Administrative assignment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administrative assignment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Being originally part of the province of Quezon, Aurora was part of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tagalog" title="Southern Tagalog">Southern Tagalog</a> Region (Region IV). Upon the issuance of Executive Order No. 103, dated May 17, 2002, by then-President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a>, the province of Aurora was moved to Central Luzon (Region III), the geographical location of the province.<sup id="cite_ref-PSA-NSCB_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA-NSCB-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provinces south of Aurora were reformed as <a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mimaropa" title="Mimaropa">Mimaropa</a>, and Southern Tagalog was limited to being a cultural-geographic region. The total separation of Aurora from Quezon, and the transfer of Aurora to Central Luzon were the fulfillment of the wishes and prayers of the residents of the original Municipalities of Baler and Casiguran to be truly independent from Quezon Province for the first time and to reform the original La Pampanga since the Spanish occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tantingco:_The_Kapampangan_in_Us_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tantingco:_The_Kapampangan_in_Us-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-language-and-society_Ariel-49-61_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language-and-society_Ariel-49-61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transfer of Aurora to Central Luzon opened the access of Central Luzon to Pacific Ocean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Contemporary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 22, 2024, newly installed Governor Reynante A. Tolentino took his <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office" title="Oath of office">oath of office</a> as governor before his brother, <a href="/wiki/Dipaculao" title="Dipaculao">Dipaculao</a> Mayor Danilo A. Tolentino. He replaced Atty. Christian Noveras, who was dismissed by the <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman_of_the_Philippines" title="Ombudsman of the Philippines">Office of the Ombudsman</a> along with his father, Vice Governor Gerardo Noveras, in December, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aurora is a coastal province covering an area of 3,147.32 square kilometres (1,215.19 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-nscb_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscb-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in east-central Luzon. To the north, it is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sierra_Madre_Natural_Park" title="Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park">Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park</a> of <a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a>, to the west by the central range of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_(Philippines)" title="Sierra Madre (Philippines)">Sierra Madre</a> which contains the <a href="/wiki/Casecnan_Protected_Landscape" title="Casecnan Protected Landscape">Casecnan Protected Landscape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Memorial_National_Park" title="Aurora Memorial National Park">Aurora Memorial National Park</a>, to the south by the <a href="/wiki/Umiray_River" title="Umiray River">Umiray River</a>, and to the east by the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a> which opens to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. The <a href="/wiki/San_Ildefonso_Peninsula" title="San Ildefonso Peninsula">San Ildefonso Peninsula</a> lies in the province's northern portion between the Philippine Sea and the Casiguran Sound. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The province covers a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_(Philippines)" title="Sierra Madre (Philippines)">Sierra Madre</a> mountain range. As such, the elevation is generally steep to very steep and only about 14% of the province's total area is flat.<sup id="cite_ref-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aurora's climate is classified as <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">Tropical rainforest climate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ClimateDataOrg_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClimateDataOrg-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It experiences significant rainfall throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-ClimateDataOrg_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClimateDataOrg-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the coastal province faces the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, it is frequently visited by typhoons.<sup id="cite_ref-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ManilaTimes-Lando_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ManilaTimes-Lando-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_fil_aurora.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ph_fil_aurora.png/200px-Ph_fil_aurora.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ph_fil_aurora.png/300px-Ph_fil_aurora.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ph_fil_aurora.png/400px-Ph_fil_aurora.png 2x" data-file-width="1854" data-file-height="2739" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Aurora is politically subdivided into 8 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine municipality">municipalities</a>, all encompassed by a <a href="/wiki/Legislative_district_of_Aurora" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative district of Aurora">lone legislative district</a>. </p><p>Dilasag and Casiguran form the northern part of the province, while Dinalungan, Dipaculao, Maria Aurora, and Baler (the capital) make up the central portion. The southern half of the province consists of San Luis and Dingalan. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="table-layout:fixed;text-align:right;background-color:white;font-size:95%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th scope="col" style="border-width:thin 0 0 thin;" class="unsortable" rowspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-width:thin 0 0 0;text-align:left;" class="unsortable" colspan="2">Municipality<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><sup id="cite_ref-Coord_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coord-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable" colspan="3">Population </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.">±% p.a.</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable" colspan="2">Area<sup id="cite_ref-nscb_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscb-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable" colspan="2">Density </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Total number of barangays">Barangay</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="border-width:0 thin thin 0;" colspan="2"> </th> <th style="border-width:0 0 thin thin;text-align:center;" colspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (2020)</span><sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–03_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–03-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="border-width:0 thin thin 0;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (2015)</span><sup id="cite_ref-PSA15–03_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA15–03-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="border-top:0;"> </th> <th style="border-width:0 0 thin thin;text-align:center;">km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th style="border-width:0 thin thin 0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable"><span class="nowrap">sq<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>mi</span> </th> <th style="border-width:0 0 thin thin;text-align:center;">/km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th style="border-width:0 thin thin 0;text-align:center;" class="unsortable"><span class="nowrap">/sq<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>mi</span> </th> <th style="border-top:0;"> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-width:medium 0 medium medium;background-color:initial;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aurora_(province)&params=15.7595_N_121.5627_E_region:PH-AUR_type:city&title=Baler"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°45′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°33′46″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.7595°N 121.5627°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.7595; 121.5627</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Baler</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-width:medium 0 medium;"><a href="/wiki/Baler,_Aurora" title="Baler, Aurora">Baler</a> </td> <td style="border-width:medium medium medium 0;text-align:center;">† </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7001185726405090137♠" style="display:none"></span>18.6%</td> <td style="text-align:right">43,785 </td> <td>39,562 </td> <td><span style="color:green;">+1.95%</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">92.54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.73 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">470 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,200 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aurora_(province)&params=16.2041_N_122.0400_E_region:PH-AUR_type:city&title=Casiguran"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°12′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°02′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.2041°N 122.0400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.2041; 122.0400</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Casiguran</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Casiguran,_Aurora" title="Casiguran, Aurora">Casiguran</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7001112678685047720♠" style="display:none"></span>11.3%</td> <td style="text-align:right">26,564 </td> <td>24,313 </td> <td><span style="color:green;">+1.70%</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">715.43 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">276.23 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">96 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aurora_(province)&params=16.3898_N_122.2099_E_region:PH-AUR_type:city&title=Dilasag"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°23′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°12′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.3898°N 122.2099°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.3898; 122.2099</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Dilasag</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dilasag" title="Dilasag">Dilasag</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000725429480381760♠" style="display:none"></span>7.3%</td> <td style="text-align:right">17,102 </td> <td>15,835 </td> <td><span style="color:green;">+1.48%</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">306.25 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">118.24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">56 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">150 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aurora_(province)&params=16.1416_N_121.9560_E_region:PH-AUR_type:city&title=Dinalungan"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°08′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°57′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.1416°N 121.9560°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.1416; 121.9560</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Dinalungan</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dinalungan" title="Dinalungan">Dinalungan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000530562036055143♠" style="display:none"></span>5.3%</td> <td style="text-align:right">12,508 </td> <td>11,322 </td> <td><span style="color:green;">+1.91%</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">316.85 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">122.34 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aurora_(province)&params=15.3894_N_121.3927_E_region:PH-AUR_type:city&title=Dingalan"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°23′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°23′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.3894°N 121.3927°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.3894; 121.3927</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Dingalan</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dingalan" title="Dingalan">Dingalan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7001118252386002120♠" style="display:none"></span>11.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right">27,878 </td> <td>25,482 </td> <td><span style="color:green;">+1.73%</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">304.55 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">117.59 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">92 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">240 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aurora_(province)&params=15.8477_N_121.5367_E_region:PH-AUR_type:city&title=Dipaculao"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°50′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°32′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.8477°N 121.5367°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.8477; 121.5367</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Dipaculao</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dipaculao" title="Dipaculao">Dipaculao</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7001140534464475079♠" style="display:none"></span>14.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right">33,131 </td> <td>29,736 </td> <td><span style="color:green;">+2.08%</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">361.64 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">139.63 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">92 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">240 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aurora_(province)&params=15.7982_N_121.4723_E_region:PH-AUR_type:city&title=Maria+Aurora"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°47′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°28′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.7982°N 121.4723°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.7982; 121.4723</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Maria Aurora</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Aurora,_Aurora" title="Maria Aurora, Aurora">Maria<span class="nowrap"> </span>Aurora</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7001190702014846235♠" style="display:none"></span>19.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right">44,958 </td> <td>40,734 </td> <td><span style="color:green;">+1.90%</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">426.29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">164.59 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">110 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">280 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">40 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-right:0;background-color:initial;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aurora_(province)&params=15.7191_N_121.5178_E_region:PH-AUR_type:city&title=San+Luis"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°43′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°31′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.7191°N 121.5178°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.7191; 121.5178</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">San Luis</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </th> <td style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border-left:0;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/San_Luis,_Aurora" title="San Luis, Aurora">San<span class="nowrap"> </span>Luis</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7001126506892895015♠" style="display:none"></span>12.7%</td> <td style="text-align:right">29,824 </td> <td>27,352 </td> <td><span style="color:green;">+1.66%</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">609.85 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">235.46 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">18 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row" style="border-right:0;"> </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:medium;font-variant:small-caps;letter-spacing:0.05em;">Total </th> <th style="text-align:right;">235,750 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">214,336 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"><span style="color:green;">+1.83%</span> </th> <th style="text-align:right;">3,133.40 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">1,209.81 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">75 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">190 </th> <th style="text-align:center;">151 </th></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="background-color:#F2F2F2;line-height:1.3em;border-top:double grey;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-width:thin 0 0 thin;"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border-width:thin 0 0 0;text-align:center;padding:0.7em 0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> † </span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>Provincial<span class="nowrap"> </span>capital </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-width:thin 0 0 0;text-align:left;padding:0.7em 0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>Municipality </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="background-color:#F2F2F2;line-height:1.3em;font-size:110%;"> <td colspan="13" style="border-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0 10em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Coord-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coord_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i>globe</i><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:WMA_button2b.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/20px-WMA_button2b.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/30px-WMA_button2b.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/40px-WMA_button2b.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> icon marks the <a href="/wiki/Town_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Town center">town<span class="nowrap"> </span>center</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barangays">Barangays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Barangays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 8 municipalities of the province comprise a total of 151 <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">barangays</a>, with <i>Suclayin</i> in <a href="/wiki/Baler,_Aurora" title="Baler, Aurora">Baler</a> as the most populous in 2010, and <i>Dibalo</i> in <a href="/wiki/San_Luis,_Aurora" title="San Luis, Aurora">San Luis</a> as the least.<sup id="cite_ref-NSO10–03_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSO10–03-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Aurora" class="mw-redirect" title="List of barangays in Aurora">List of barangays in Aurora</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:auto;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population census of Aurora (province)</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:auto"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1st, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1903 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,484</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1918 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,980</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.94%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,280</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1948 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,825</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.50%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,827</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.38%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:auto"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1st, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">80,459</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.50%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,060</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.29%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">107,145</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">139,573</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">159,621</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.55%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:auto"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1st, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">173,797</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.84%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">187,802</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">201,233</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">214,336</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.21%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">235,750</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.89%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Philippine Statistics Authority<sup id="cite_ref-PSA15–03_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA15–03-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSO10–03_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSO10–03-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSO10–03_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSO10–03-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The population of Aurora in the 2020 census was 235,750 people,<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–03_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–03-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a density of 75 inhabitants per square kilometre or 190 inhabitants per square mile. </p> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#CCCCFF"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Population by ethnicity (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-CensusGovPH-2000_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusGovPH-2000-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Ethnicity</td> <td style="width:5.5em; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;">Population</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em"> <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #000040; width: 52.85px; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em; text-align:right"> 91,745 <span style="font-size:inherit">(<span data-sort-value="7,001,528,518,512,118,000♠" style="display:none"></span>52.85%)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em"> <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a></td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #404070; width: 31.43px; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em; text-align:right"> 54,557 <span style="font-size:inherit">(<span data-sort-value="7,001,314,288,347,764,000♠" style="display:none"></span>31.43%)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em"> <a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin" title="Kasiguranin">Kasiguranin</a></td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #707094; width: 5.10px; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em; text-align:right"> 8,853 <span style="font-size:inherit">(<span data-sort-value="7,000,509,997,753,314,000♠" style="display:none"></span>5.10%)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em"> <a href="/wiki/Bicolano_people" title="Bicolano people">Bicolano</a></td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #9494AF; width: 4.08px; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em; text-align:right"> 7,079 <span style="font-size:inherit">(<span data-sort-value="7,000,407,802,337,706,000♠" style="display:none"></span>4.08%)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em"> <a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_people" title="Kankanaey people">Kankanaey</a></td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #C3C3D2; width: 1.36px; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em; text-align:right"> 2,355 <span style="font-size:inherit">(<span data-sort-value="7,000,135,665,278,330,000♠" style="display:none"></span>1.36%)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em"> <a href="/wiki/Visayan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Visayan people">Bisaya</a></td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #D2D2DE; width: 0.88px; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em; text-align:right"> 1,529 <span style="font-size:inherit">(<span data-sort-value="6,999,880,816,180,748,000♠" style="display:none"></span>0.88%)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em"> <a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Dumagat (<i>Umiray</i>)</a></td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #DEDEE6; width: 0.60px; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em; text-align:right"> 1,047 <span style="font-size:inherit">(<span data-sort-value="6,999,603,148,817,033,000♠" style="display:none"></span>0.6%)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em"> <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_people" title="Cebuano people">Cebuano</a></td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #E6E6EC; width: 0.48px; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em; text-align:right"> 832 <span style="font-size:inherit">(<span data-sort-value="6,999,479,293,042,762,000♠" style="display:none"></span>0.48%)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em"> <i>Others</i></td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #AFAFC3; width: 2.85px; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em; text-align:right"> 4,943 <span style="font-size:inherit">(<span data-sort-value="7,000,284,753,066,151,000♠" style="display:none"></span>2.85%)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em"> <i>Not Reported</i></td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #ECECF1; width: 0.37px; overflow:hidden"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em; text-align:right"> 649 <span style="font-size:inherit">(<span data-sort-value="6,999,373,871,616,289,000♠" style="display:none"></span>0.37%)</span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Based on the 2000 census survey, <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalogs</a> comprised <span data-sort-value="7001528518512117703♠" style="display:none"></span>52.85% (91,745) of the total provincial population of 173,589, and about less than 1/3 of the population were <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a> at <span data-sort-value="7001314288347763971♠" style="display:none"></span>31.43% (54,557). Other ethnic groups in the province were Kasiguranin at <span data-sort-value="7000509997753313862♠" style="display:none"></span>5.1% (8,853), <a href="/wiki/Bicolano_people" title="Bicolano people">Bicolano</a> at <span data-sort-value="7000407802337705730♠" style="display:none"></span>4.08% (7,079), <a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_people" title="Kankanaey people">Kankanaey</a> at <span data-sort-value="7000135665278329848♠" style="display:none"></span>1.36% (2,355), <a href="/wiki/Visayan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Visayan people">Bisaya</a> at <span data-sort-value="6999880816180748780♠" style="display:none"></span>0.88% (1,529), <a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Dumagat (Umiray)</a> at <span data-sort-value="6999603148817033337♠" style="display:none"></span>0.6% (1,047), and <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_people" title="Cebuano people">Cebuano</a> at <span data-sort-value="6999479293042761926♠" style="display:none"></span>0.48% (832).<sup id="cite_ref-CensusGovPH-2000_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusGovPH-2000-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the 2010 census survey, Tagalogs numbered 91,219, Ilocanos 67,861, Bicolano 14,250, Kankanaey 4,494, Bisaya 4,786, Umiray Dumagat 1,267, and Cebuano 1,777.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also pockets of <a href="/wiki/Bugkalot" title="Bugkalot">Bugkalots</a> & <a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negritos</a>, called Dumagats. Most Dumagats are living in the hillsides or mountains. They are believed to have result from a fusion of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian</a> ancestries, and survive from fishing and hunting. There are three kinds of Dumagats in Aurora province, the Umiray Dumagat, <a href="/wiki/Casiguran_Dumagat_Agta" title="Casiguran Dumagat Agta">Casiguran Dumagat</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Paranan_Agta_language" title="Paranan Agta language">Palanan Dumagat</a>; minor Dumagat groups are called <a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta or Alta Kabulowan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Alta_language" title="Northern Alta language">Northern Alta or Edimala</a>. Bugkalots are the second tribe indigenous to Aurora, most of them live in Dipaculao & Maria Aurora. </p><p>Tagalogs, some originating from <a href="/wiki/Palanan" title="Palanan">Palanan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infanta,_Quezon" title="Infanta, Quezon">Infanta, Quezon</a>, came in to the area to trade by boat, some Tagalogs settled in Aurora (especially Baler) and married with the Aeta and Bugkalots.<sup id="cite_ref-Aurorapeople_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aurorapeople-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kapampangans assimilated to the Tagalog settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-Tantingco:_The_Kapampangan_in_Us_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tantingco:_The_Kapampangan_in_Us-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-language-and-society_Ariel-49-61_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language-and-society_Ariel-49-61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish brought in Filipino acolytes from other areas of Luzon from 1609 to 1899. During this period, Baler can only be access by sea though the town saw increase migration from other parts of Luzon such as <a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Tayabas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">Bicol</a> from the south. The opening of the Baler-Bongabon Road allowed easier migration of people from <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a> areas from the north. The road also allowed <a href="/wiki/Igorot_people" title="Igorot people">Igorot people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangueño Tagalogs</a> to settle in Baler & other places of Aurora. The majority of Igorots settled Dipaculao, Maria Aurora, & Baler. In 1896, a group of Ilocanos from <a href="/wiki/Aringay" title="Aringay">Aringay</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a> came to settle in San Jose, now called Maria Aurora; in 1906, another group of Ilocanos arrived from La Union and <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a>. In the early 1920s, Ilocano settlers from Central Luzon settled a Bugkalot territory <a href="/wiki/Dipaculao" title="Dipaculao">Dipaculao</a>, which in turn was derived from the phrase <i>Dipac naulaw</i> or <i>Naulaw ni Dipac</i>, the Ilocano for "Dipac got dizzy", idiomatically "Dipac is/got drunk", Dipac is the name of a Bugkalot chief; another group of Ilocano settlers arrived from La Union, Pangasinan, and other areas of Ilocos Region. The guerrilla movement during the Japanese occupation brought Novo Ecijanos (people from Nueva Ecija) to Baler; Novo Ecijanos include Tagalogs, Ilocanos, and Kapampangans, with quite large number of Pangasinenses. The Balereños learned trade from the Batangueños and the Novo Ecijanos; where before they used to share what they have, now they would sell coconut to their neighbors.<sup id="cite_ref-Aurorapeople_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aurorapeople-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other ethnic groups who came and stayed in Aurora include Christianized <a href="/wiki/Gaddang_people" title="Gaddang people">Gaddang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isinai_language" title="Isinai language">Isinai</a> settlers who settled the surrounding lowlands of Baler Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These ethnic groups who lived for several centuries & left cultural influences & legacies made Aurora the melting pot of the Central Luzon, next to <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a> & Nueva Ecija. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Aurora_(province)" title="Special:EditPage/Aurora (province)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Tagalog and Ilocano languages are spoken by their respective ethnic groups. The province primarily speaks a Tagalog dialect that is closely related to Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon with some <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a> influences.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In Baler, for example, the variety is called <i>Tagalog-Baler (Balereño)</i>. The <i>Balereño</i> is also known for distinctive expressions like <i>akkaw</i>, used to express surprise, wonder, disgust, and objection; it is also akin to the English term "Wow!" Other regional term expressions spoken in Baler are <i>are (h)</i>, used to express a negative feeling of surprise; <i>anin</i>, used to express regret or pity for a situation; and many other words are also spoken similarly to neighboring Quezon, like <i>adyo</i>, meaning to climb, and <i>puropur</i>, which pertain to rain with gusty wind. Ilocano is mostly spoken in northern areas of the province. The working population is ready in speech in the English language as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manuel L. Quezon, who was from Baler, was called the Father of the National Language for approving the recommendation of the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Filipino_Language" title="Commission on the Filipino Language">Institute of National Language</a> for Tagalog as the basis of the national language. Other languages spoken in Aurora are <a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_language" title="Pangasinan language">Pangasinan</a> (in some areas of the province, most of which is in Baler) and <a href="/wiki/Ga%27dang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ga'dang language">Ga'dang</a> & Isinai in surrounding lowlands of Baler Bay, & other languages native in Aurora are <a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasiguranin language">Casiguranin or Kasiguranin</a>, spoken in Casiguran & neighboring areas Dilasag & Dinalungan where Casiguran Dumagat and Paranan Dumagat languages are also spoken, Umiray Dumagat spoken in San Luis and Dingalan, Southern Alta or Alta Kabulowan spoken in Dingalan, Northern Alta or Edimala spoken in Baler, Maria Aurora and San Luis, and <a href="/wiki/Bugkalot_language" title="Bugkalot language">Bugkalot</a> spoken in Dipaculao, Maria Aurora, and Baler.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baler,_Aurora_-_Saint_Louis_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Baler%2C_Aurora_-_Saint_Louis_Church.jpg/220px-Baler%2C_Aurora_-_Saint_Louis_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Baler%2C_Aurora_-_Saint_Louis_Church.jpg/330px-Baler%2C_Aurora_-_Saint_Louis_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Baler%2C_Aurora_-_Saint_Louis_Church.jpg/440px-Baler%2C_Aurora_-_Saint_Louis_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Baler Church</figcaption></figure> <p>The people of Aurora are heavily <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Philippines" title="Christianity in the Philippines">Catholics</a> (large majority being <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in the Philippines">Roman Catholic</a> by 87%)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as a result of hundreds of years of Spanish colonization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some other Christian believers are also present, which includes <a href="/wiki/Members_Church_of_God_International" title="Members Church of God International">Members Church of God International (MCGI)</a>, Methodists, <a href="/wiki/Aglipayan_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Aglipayan Church">Aglipayan Church</a> 2-3%, <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Church">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Born_Again_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Born Again Christian">Born Again Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a> 4% and <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist">Seventh-day Adventist</a> while <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> are also found which presence is traced to migration by some people from some parts of <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>. <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dambana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dambana">Anitists</a>, animists, and atheists are also present in the province. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-left"><div><p style="margin-left: 20px;"><b>Poverty incidence of Aurora</b></p> <table style="font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding-top:10px;margin-top:1em;max-width:420px;" class="chart noresize"> <div style="position:relative;min-height:300px;min-width:420px;max-width:420px;"> <div style="float:right;position:relative;min-height:220px;min-width:320px;max-width:320px;border-left:1px black solid;border-bottom:1px black solid;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:7.5px;top:52px;height:167px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Aurora: 30.46"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:60.5px;top:120px;height:99px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Aurora: 18.19"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:113.5px;top:50px;height:169px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Aurora: 30.83"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:166.5px;top:34px;height:185px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Aurora: 33.77"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:219.5px;top:130px;height:89px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Aurora: 16.39"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:272.5px;top:129px;height:90px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Aurora: 16.5"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;height:220px;min-width:100px;max-width:100px;"> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:155px;padding:0 2px">10</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:165px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:100px;padding:0 2px">20</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:110px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:45px;padding:0 2px">30</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:55px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:-10px;padding:0 2px">40</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:0px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;top:220px;left:100px;width:320px;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:1px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2006 <br /> 30.46</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:26.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:54px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2009 <br /> 18.19</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:79.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:107px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2012 <br /> 30.83</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:132.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:160px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2015 <br /> 33.77</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:185.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:213px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2018 <br /> 16.39</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:238.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:266px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2021 <br /> 16.50</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:291.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <p style="margin-left: 20px;"> <b>Source:</b> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <p>Corn, rice and other major agricultural crops are grown in Aurora, with a total of 13% of the provincial land area used for agriculture. It also has 8,945 hectares (22,100 acres) of rice plantation that averages 24,000 metric tons (24,000 long tons; 26,000 short tons) every year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aurora_Pacific_Economic_Zone">Aurora Pacific Economic Zone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Aurora Pacific Economic Zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Casiguran is home to the Aurora Pacific Economic Zone and Freeport Authority or <a href="/wiki/APECO" class="mw-redirect" title="APECO">APECO</a> a <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">special economic zone</a> located in this coastal town. Created in 2007 by virtue of <i><a href="/wiki/Republic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Act">Republic Act</a> No. 9490</i> through the efforts of Sen. <a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a> and his son, Aurora Rep. <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Angara" title="Sonny Angara">Sonny Angara</a>, it is expected be a major transshipment hub going to the Pacific region. It aims to boost social, economic and industrial developments in Aurora and nearby provinces by generating jobs for the people, improving the quality of their living conditions, advocating an eco-friendly approach to industrialization and enhancing the potential of the community in productivity. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aurora culture is a mixture of Tagalog and Ilocano, with some Kapampangan, Pangasinense, and other indigenous (mostly Aeta, Bugkalot, and Igorot) cultures within the province. A melting pot of culture, the province has a varied of festivals, traditions, and beliefs that constitute Aurora heritage, along with tangible heritage structures, scenes, and objects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halls_of_Justice,_Regional_Trial_Court_in_Baler,_Aurora.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulwagan ng Katarungan (RTC), Suklayin, Baler"><img alt="Bulwagan ng Katarungan (RTC), Suklayin, Baler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Halls_of_Justice%2C_Regional_Trial_Court_in_Baler%2C_Aurora.jpg/150px-Halls_of_Justice%2C_Regional_Trial_Court_in_Baler%2C_Aurora.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Halls_of_Justice%2C_Regional_Trial_Court_in_Baler%2C_Aurora.jpg/225px-Halls_of_Justice%2C_Regional_Trial_Court_in_Baler%2C_Aurora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Halls_of_Justice%2C_Regional_Trial_Court_in_Baler%2C_Aurora.jpg/300px-Halls_of_Justice%2C_Regional_Trial_Court_in_Baler%2C_Aurora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Bulwagan ng Katarungan</i><br /> (RTC), Suklayin, Baler</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurorapnpjf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aurora Police Provincial Office, NPC, PNP, Baler"><img alt="Aurora Police Provincial Office, NPC, PNP, Baler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Aurorapnpjf.jpg/150px-Aurorapnpjf.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Aurorapnpjf.jpg/225px-Aurorapnpjf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Aurorapnpjf.jpg/300px-Aurorapnpjf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aurora Police Provincial Office, NPC, PNP, Baler</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tourismjf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aurora Provincial Tourism Office (Suklayin)"><img alt="Aurora Provincial Tourism Office (Suklayin)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tourismjf.jpg/150px-Tourismjf.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tourismjf.jpg/225px-Tourismjf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tourismjf.jpg/300px-Tourismjf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aurora Provincial Tourism Office (Suklayin)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baler_Bay_aerial.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Baler Bay"><img alt="Baler Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Baler_Bay_aerial.JPG/150px-Baler_Bay_aerial.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Baler_Bay_aerial.JPG/225px-Baler_Bay_aerial.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Baler_Bay_aerial.JPG/300px-Baler_Bay_aerial.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="1207" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Baler_Bay" title="Baler Bay">Baler Bay</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FvfMariaAurora7579_17.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bust of Maria Aurora"><img alt="Bust of Maria Aurora" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/FvfMariaAurora7579_17.JPG/90px-FvfMariaAurora7579_17.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/FvfMariaAurora7579_17.JPG/135px-FvfMariaAurora7579_17.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/FvfMariaAurora7579_17.JPG/180px-FvfMariaAurora7579_17.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bust of Maria Aurora</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manual_Luis_Quezon_Monument,_Baler,_Aurora,_April_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Manual_Luis_Quezon_Monument%2C_Baler%2C_Aurora%2C_April_2023.jpg/220px-Manual_Luis_Quezon_Monument%2C_Baler%2C_Aurora%2C_April_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Manual_Luis_Quezon_Monument%2C_Baler%2C_Aurora%2C_April_2023.jpg/330px-Manual_Luis_Quezon_Monument%2C_Baler%2C_Aurora%2C_April_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Manual_Luis_Quezon_Monument%2C_Baler%2C_Aurora%2C_April_2023.jpg/440px-Manual_Luis_Quezon_Monument%2C_Baler%2C_Aurora%2C_April_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Manuel Luis Quezon Monument in Baler, Aurora</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Angara" title="Sonny Angara">Sonny Angara</a>, former senator and current <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Education (Philippines)">secretary of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellaflor_Angara-Castillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellaflor Angara-Castillo">Bellaflor Angara-Castillo</a>, governor from 2004 to 2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a>, former senator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a>, first <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">president</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Quezon" title="Aurora Quezon">Aurora Quezon</a>, former first lady of the Philippines, wife of President Manuel L. Quezon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvin_Amatorio" title="Arvin Amatorio">Arvin Amatorio</a>, attorney and politician, <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bergenfield,_New_Jersey" title="Bergenfield, New Jersey">Bergenfield, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynante_Tolentino" title="Reynante Tolentino">Reynante Tolentino</a>, governor since 2024</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Quezon" title="Aurora Quezon">Aurora Quezon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baler" title="Siege of Baler">Siege of Baler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_(Philippines)" title="Sierra Madre (Philippines)">Sierra Madre mountain range</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMalig2024" class="citation news cs1">Malig, Jun (October 11, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1991576/ca-orders-reinstatement-of-aurora-governor">"CA orders reinstatement of Aurora governor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=CA+orders+reinstatement+of+Aurora+governor&rft.date=2024-10-11&rft.aulast=Malig&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1991576%2Fca-orders-reinstatement-of-aurora-governor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nscblist-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nscblist_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160419000512/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp">"List of Provinces"</a>. <i>PSGC Interactive</i>. Makati, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp">the original</a> on 19 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PSGC+Interactive&rft.atitle=List+of+Provinces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nscb.gov.ph%2Factivestats%2Fpsgc%2Flistprov.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSA20–03-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PSA20–03_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PSA20–03_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PSA20–03_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_of_Population2020" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Census of Population (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/Region%25203.xlsx">"Region III (Central Luzon)"</a>. <i>Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay</i>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Region+III+%28Central+Luzon%29&rft.btitle=Total+Population+by+Province%2C+City%2C+Municipality+and+Barangay&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Census+of+Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fphcd%2F2022-12%2FRegion%2525203.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AuroraHist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AuroraHist_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AuroraHist_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipedaurora.wordpress.com/home/page/">"The Brief History of Aurora"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231105124347/https://ipedaurora.wordpress.com/home/page/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Brief+History+of+Aurora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipedaurora.wordpress.com%2Fhome%2Fpage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aurora.ph/mobile/history.html">"Aurora, Philippines – History"</a>. <i>aurora.ph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208033623/http://www.aurora.ph/mobile/history.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aurora.ph&rft.atitle=Aurora%2C+Philippines+%E2%80%93+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aurora.ph%2Fmobile%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BalerSpanish-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BalerSpanish_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BalerSpanish_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aurora.ph/mobile/baler-aurora-book/spanish-occupation.html">Baler During Spanish Occupation</a> in Aurora.ph</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QuezonGovPH-History-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QuezonGovPH-History_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuezonGovPH-History_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quezon.gov.ph/homepage/?info=quezonhistory">"History of Quezon Province"</a>. <i>Provincial Government of Quezon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001223830/http://www.quezon.gov.ph/homepage/?info=quezonhistory">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Provincial+Government+of+Quezon&rft.atitle=History+of+Quezon+Province&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quezon.gov.ph%2Fhomepage%2F%3Finfo%3Dquezonhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FastFactsPhilProv-Aurora_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLancion1995" class="citation book cs1">Lancion, Conrado M. Jr. (1995). "The Provinces; Aurora". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r0EOAQAAMAAJ"><i>Fast Facts about Philippine Provinces</i></a>. cartography by de Guzman, Rey (The 2000 Millenium ed.). Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines: Tahanan Books. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-630-037-9" title="Special:BookSources/971-630-037-9"><bdi>971-630-037-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Provinces%3B+Aurora&rft.btitle=Fast+Facts+about+Philippine+Provinces&rft.place=Makati%2C+Metro+Manila%2C+Philippines&rft.pages=28&rft.edition=The+2000+Millenium&rft.pub=Tahanan+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=971-630-037-9&rft.aulast=Lancion&rft.aufirst=Conrado+M.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr0EOAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJose" class="citation web cs1">Jose, Diocese of San. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dioceseofsanjose.org/about-us/history">"Diocese of San Jose, Nueva Ecija – History"</a>. <i>dioceseofsanjose.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208033342/http://www.dioceseofsanjose.org/about-us/history">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dioceseofsanjose.org&rft.atitle=Diocese+of+San+Jose%2C+Nueva+Ecija+%E2%80%93+History&rft.aulast=Jose&rft.aufirst=Diocese+of+San&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dioceseofsanjose.org%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caceres-naga.org/about-us/the-archdiocese/">"The Archdiocese | Archdiocese of Caceres"</a>. <i>caceres-naga.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208034712/http://caceres-naga.org/about-us/the-archdiocese/">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=caceres-naga.org&rft.atitle=The+Archdiocese+%7C+Archdiocese+of+Caceres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaceres-naga.org%2Fabout-us%2Fthe-archdiocese%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://region3.dilg.gov.ph/nueva-ecija/index.php/about/who-we-are">Who We Are: Nueva Ecija</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-balerhist-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-balerhist_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Historical_Commission_of_the_Philippines" class="citation news cs1">National Historical Commission of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nhcp.gov.ph/history-of-baler/">"History of Baler"</a>. National Historical Commission of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190916023234/http://nhcp.gov.ph/history-of-baler/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-09</span></span>. <q>When military district of El Príncipe was created in 1856, Baler became its capital...On June 12, 1902 a civil government was established, moving the district of El Príncipe away from the administrative jurisdiction of Nueva Ecija...and placing it under the jurisdiction of Tayabas Province.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=History+of+Baler&rft.au=National+Historical+Commission+of+the+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnhcp.gov.ph%2Fhistory-of-baler%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/32104">"Act No. 417 – An Act Annexing the Districts of Infanta and Principe and the Island of Polillo to the Province of Tayabas"</a>. <i>Supreme Court E-Library</i>. Philippine Commission. June 12, 1902. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218130420/https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/32104">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Supreme+Court+E-Library&rft.atitle=Act+No.+417+%E2%80%93+An+Act+Annexing+the+Districts+of+Infanta+and+Principe+and+the+Island+of+Polillo+to+the+Province+of+Tayabas&rft.date=1902-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.judiciary.gov.ph%2Fthebookshelf%2Fshowdocs%2F28%2F32104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/9426">"Act No. 103 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Tayabas"</a>. <i>Supreme Court E-Library</i>. Philippine Commission. March 12, 1901. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218072023/https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/9426">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Supreme+Court+E-Library&rft.atitle=Act+No.+103+%E2%80%93+An+Act+Providing+for+the+Establishment+of+a+Civil+Government+for+the+Province+of+Tayabas&rft.date=1901-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.judiciary.gov.ph%2Fthebookshelf%2Fshowdocs%2F28%2F9426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The picture of territorial evolution of Quezon:<br /><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quezon_province_territorial_evolution.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Quezon_province_territorial_evolution.gif/220px-Quezon_province_territorial_evolution.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Quezon_province_territorial_evolution.gif/330px-Quezon_province_territorial_evolution.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Quezon_province_territorial_evolution.gif 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Pursuant to the authority conferred upon me as Head of the Central Administrative Organization by Order No. 1 in connection with Order No. 3 of the Commander in Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines and upon the recommendation of the Executive Commission it is hereby ordered that— <ol><li>The Province of Batanes is abolished and the comprising the same as well as the territory thereof shall be annexed to the Province Cagayan.</li> <li>The municipalities of Baler and Casiguran, Province of Tayabas, and the territories thereof are segregated from said province and shall be annexed to the Province of Nueva Ecija.</li> <li>The municipality of Infanta, Province of Tayabas, and the territory thereof are segregated from province and shall be annexed to the Province of Laguna.</li> <li>The Province of Marinduque is abolished and municipalities comprising the same as well as territory thereof shall be annexed to the Province of Tayabas.</li> <li>The Province of Romblon is abolished and the municipalities comprising the same as well the territory thereof shall be annexed to the of Capiz."</li></ol> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Provisions of this order only apply for the duration of the Japanese occupation; revoked after the restoration of the Commonwealth in 1945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ra14-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ra14_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_Act_No._141946" class="citation cs2">Republic Act No. 14 (7 September 1946), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno14.html"><i>An Act to change the name of the province of Tayabas to Quezon</i></a> – via Chan Robles Virtual Law Library</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Act+to+change+the+name+of+the+province+of+Tayabas+to+Quezon&rft.date=1946-09-07&rft.au=Republic+Act+No.+14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chanrobles.com%2Frepublicacts%2Frepublicactno14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ra-14-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ra-14_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_Act_No._141946" class="citation cs2">Republic Act No. 14 (September 7, 1946), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1946/ra_14_1946.html"><i>An Act to Change the Name of the Province of Tayabas to Quezon</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Act+to+Change+the+Name+of+the+Province+of+Tayabas+to+Quezon&rft.date=1946-09-07&rft.au=Republic+Act+No.+14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawphil.net%2Fstatutes%2Frepacts%2Fra1946%2Fra_14_1946.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RA-14-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RA-14_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/9463">"Republic Act No. 14 – An Act to Change the Name of the Province of Tayabas to Quezon"</a>. <i>Supreme Court E-Library</i>. Congress of the Philippines. September 7, 1946. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221145130/https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/9463">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Supreme+Court+E-Library&rft.atitle=Republic+Act+No.+14+%E2%80%93+An+Act+to+Change+the+Name+of+the+Province+of+Tayabas+to+Quezon&rft.date=1946-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.judiciary.gov.ph%2Fthebookshelf%2Fshowdocs%2F2%2F9463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aurora.ph/mobile/baler-aurora-book/index.html">Baler For All Time by Edgardo Angara</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tantingco:_The_Kapampangan_in_Us-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tantingco:_The_Kapampangan_in_Us_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tantingco:_The_Kapampangan_in_Us_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tantingco:_The_Kapampangan_in_Us_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sunstar.com.ph/amp/story/more-articles/tantingco-the-kapampangan-in-us">"Tantingco: The Kapampangan in Us"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123034705/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/amp/story/more-articles/tantingco-the-kapampangan-in-us">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-01-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tantingco%3A+The+Kapampangan+in+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunstar.com.ph%2Famp%2Fstory%2Fmore-articles%2Ftantingco-the-kapampangan-in-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marcnepo.blogspot.com/2013/06/what-is-kapampangan-region.html?m=1">What is the Kapampangan Region?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-language-and-society_Ariel-49-61-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-language-and-society_Ariel-49-61_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-language-and-society_Ariel-49-61_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-language-and-society_Ariel-49-61_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.language-and-society.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Ariel-49-61.pdf">The Language Shift from the Middle and Upper Middle-Class Families in the Kapampangan Speaking Region</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChanRobles-RA648-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChanRobles-RA648_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_Act_No._6481951" class="citation cs2">Republic Act No. 648 (June 14, 1951), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laws.chanrobles.com/republicacts/7_republicacts.php?id=652"><i>An Act Creating the Subprovince of Aurora, Which Shall Comprise the Municipalities of Baler, Casiguran, Dipaculao and Maria Aurora, Province of Quezon</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151210212153/http://laws.chanrobles.com/republicacts/7_republicacts.php?id=652">archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Act+Creating+the+Subprovince+of+Aurora%2C+Which+Shall+Comprise+the+Municipalities+of+Baler%2C+Casiguran%2C+Dipaculao+and+Maria+Aurora%2C+Province+of+Quezon&rft.date=1951-06-14&rft.au=Republic+Act+No.+648&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws.chanrobles.com%2Frepublicacts%2F7_republicacts.php%3Fid%3D652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProvincial_Government_of_Aurora" class="citation web cs1">Provincial Government of Aurora. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aurora.ph/history.html">"Aurora, Philippines - History"</a>. <i>Aurora.ph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426082833/http://www.aurora.ph/history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aurora.ph&rft.atitle=Aurora%2C+Philippines+-+History&rft.au=Provincial+Government+of+Aurora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aurora.ph%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChanRobles-BatasPamb7-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChanRobles-BatasPamb7_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatas_Pambansa_Blg._71978" class="citation cs2">Batas Pambansa Blg. 7 (November 21, 1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chanrobles.com/bataspambansa/bataspambansablg7.html"><i>An Act Separating the Sub-province of Aurora from the Province of Quezon and Establishing It as an Independent Province</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185029/http://www.chanrobles.com/bataspambansa/bataspambansablg7.html">archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Act+Separating+the+Sub-province+of+Aurora+from+the+Province+of+Quezon+and+Establishing+It+as+an+Independent+Province&rft.date=1978-11-21&rft.au=Batas+Pambansa+Blg.+7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chanrobles.com%2Fbataspambansa%2Fbataspambansablg7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robles2016-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robles2016_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobles2016" class="citation book cs1">Robles, Raissa (2016). <i>Marcos Martial Law: Never Again</i>. Filipinos for a Better Philippines, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marcos+Martial+Law%3A+Never+Again&rft.pub=Filipinos+for+a+Better+Philippines%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Robles&rft.aufirst=Raissa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GazetteHistoryProtest-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GazetteHistoryProtest_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest/">"A History of the Philippine Political Protest"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703123638/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Philippine+Political+Protest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2Fedsa%2Fthe-ph-protest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balbosas1992-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Balbosas1992_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalbosa1992" class="citation journal cs1">Balbosa, Joven Zamoras (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921141056/https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pjd/pidsjpd92-2imf.pdf">"IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Philippine Development</i>. <b>XIX</b> (35). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pjd/pidsjpd92-2imf.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Philippine+Development&rft.atitle=IMF+Stabilization+Program+and+Economic+Growth%3A+The+Case+of+the+Philippines&rft.volume=XIX&rft.issue=35&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Balbosa&rft.aufirst=Joven+Zamoras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirp4.pids.gov.ph%2Fris%2Fpjd%2Fpidsjpd92-2imf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balisacan&Hill2003-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Balisacan&Hill2003_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalisacanHill2003" class="citation book cs1">Balisacan, A. M.; Hill, Hal (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O_L9k58WM9UC&q=The+Philippine+economy+under+Marcos:+A+balance+sheet"><i>The Philippine Economy: Development, Policies, and Challenges</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195158984" title="Special:BookSources/9780195158984"><bdi>9780195158984</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218080523/https://books.google.com/books?id=O_L9k58WM9UC&q=The+Philippine+economy+under+Marcos:+A+balance+sheet">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philippine+Economy%3A+Development%2C+Policies%2C+and+Challenges&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780195158984&rft.aulast=Balisacan&rft.aufirst=A.+M.&rft.au=Hill%2C+Hal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO_L9k58WM9UC%26q%3DThe%2BPhilippine%2Beconomy%2Bunder%2BMarcos%3A%2BA%2Bbalance%2Bsheet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cororaton1997-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cororaton1997_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCororaton" class="citation journal cs1">Cororaton, Cesar B. "Exchange Rate Movements in the Philippines". <i>DPIDS Discussion Paper Series 97-05</i>: 3, 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DPIDS+Discussion+Paper+Series+97-05&rft.atitle=Exchange+Rate+Movements+in+the+Philippines&rft.pages=3%2C+19&rft.aulast=Cororaton&rft.aufirst=Cesar+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Celoza1997-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Celoza1997_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeloza1997" class="citation book cs1">Celoza, Albert F. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sp3U1oCNKlgC"><i>Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275941376" title="Special:BookSources/9780275941376"><bdi>9780275941376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ferdinand+Marcos+and+the+Philippines%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+Authoritarianism&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780275941376&rft.aulast=Celoza&rft.aufirst=Albert+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSp3U1oCNKlgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchirmer1987" class="citation book cs1">Schirmer, Daniel B. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philippinesreade00schi"><i>The Philippines reader : a history of colonialism, neocolonialism, dictatorship, and resistance</i></a> (1st ed.). Boston: South End Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0896082768" title="Special:BookSources/0896082768"><bdi>0896082768</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14214735">14214735</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philippines+reader+%3A+a+history+of+colonialism%2C+neocolonialism%2C+dictatorship%2C+and+resistance&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F14214735&rft.isbn=0896082768&rft.aulast=Schirmer&rft.aufirst=Daniel+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphilippinesreade00schi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kessler1989-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kessler1989_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKessler1989" class="citation book cs1">Kessler, Richard J. (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rebellionrepress0000kess"><i>Rebellion and repression in the Philippines</i></a></span>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300044062" title="Special:BookSources/0300044062"><bdi>0300044062</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19266663">19266663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebellion+and+repression+in+the+Philippines&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19266663&rft.isbn=0300044062&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frebellionrepress0000kess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kasaysayan9ch10-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kasaysayan9ch10_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagno1998" class="citation book cs1">Magno, Alexander R., ed. 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Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0742510234" title="Special:BookSources/978-0742510234"><bdi>978-0742510234</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57452454">57452454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+and+society+in+the+Philippines&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57452454&rft.isbn=978-0742510234&rft.aulast=Abinales&rft.aufirst=P.N.&rft.au=Amoroso%2C+Donna+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rappler-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rappler_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/182828-marcos-dictatorship-martial-law-youth-leaders-killed">"Gone too soon: 7 youth leaders killed under Martial Law"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624114207/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/182828-marcos-dictatorship-martial-law-youth-leaders-killed">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Gone+too+soon%3A+7+youth+leaders+killed+under+Martial+Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnewsbreak%2Fiq%2F182828-marcos-dictatorship-martial-law-youth-leaders-killed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quimpo2015-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quimpo2015_40-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan2015" class="citation web cs1">Susan, Quimpo (2015-09-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.martiallawchroniclesproject.com/tales-of-dinalungan/">"Tales of Dinalungan"</a>. <i>The Martial Law Chronicles Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230195604/https://www.martiallawchroniclesproject.com/tales-of-dinalungan/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Martial+Law+Chronicles+Project&rft.atitle=Tales+of+Dinalungan&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft.aulast=Susan&rft.aufirst=Quimpo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.martiallawchroniclesproject.com%2Ftales-of-dinalungan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://region3.dilg.gov.ph/aurora/index.php/news-events/762-municipality-of-dinalungan-declared-insurgency-free">"Municipality of Dinalungan Declared Insurgency-Free"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240617093006/http://region3.dilg.gov.ph/aurora/index.php/news-events/762-municipality-of-dinalungan-declared-insurgency-free">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Municipality+of+Dinalungan+Declared+Insurgency-Free&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fregion3.dilg.gov.ph%2Faurora%2Findex.php%2Fnews-events%2F762-municipality-of-dinalungan-declared-insurgency-free&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKate_McGeown2013" class="citation news cs1">Kate McGeown (April 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21941069">"How Apocalypse Now inspired Filipino surfers"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191002133606/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21941069">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Apocalypse+Now+inspired+Filipino+surfers&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.au=Kate+McGeown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-21941069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSA-NSCB-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSA-NSCB_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090529075029/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/intro_EO103.asp">"Executive Order No. 103: Dividing Region IV into Region IV-A and Region IV-B, Transferring the Province of Aurora to Region III and for Other Purposes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a> – National Statistical Coordination Board</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/intro_EO103.asp">the original</a> on May 29, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Statistics+Authority+%E2%80%93+National+Statistical+Coordination+Board&rft.atitle=Executive+Order+No.+103%3A+Dividing+Region+IV+into+Region+IV-A+and+Region+IV-B%2C+Transferring+the+Province+of+Aurora+to+Region+III+and+for+Other+Purposes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nscb.gov.ph%2Factivestats%2Fpsgc%2Farticles%2Fintro_EO103.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExecutive_Order_No._103,_s._20022002" class="citation cs2">Executive Order No. 103, s. 2002 (May 17, 2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2002/05/17/executive-order-no-103-s-2002/"><i>Dividing Region IV into Region IV-A and Region IV-B, transferring the Province of Aurora to Region III and for other purposes</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dividing+Region+IV+into+Region+IV-A+and+Region+IV-B%2C+transferring+the+Province+of+Aurora+to+Region+III+and+for+other+purposes&rft.date=2002-05-17&rft.au=Executive+Order+No.+103%2C+s.+2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2F2002%2F05%2F17%2Fexecutive-order-no-103-s-2002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blgf.gov.ph/region-3/">Bureau of Local Government Finance Region 3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marcnepo.blogspot.com/2013/06/what-is-kapampangan-region.html?m=1">What is the Kapampangan Region?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalig2024" class="citation news cs1">Malig, Jun (April 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1932861/vice-gov-assumes-top-post-in-aurora">"Vice gov assumes top post in Aurora"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240424191049/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1932861/vice-gov-assumes-top-post-in-aurora">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vice+gov+assumes+top+post+in+Aurora&rft.date=2024-04-24&rft.aulast=Malig&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1932861%2Fvice-gov-assumes-top-post-in-aurora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nscb-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nscb_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nscb_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/classification/psgc/?q=psgc/citimuni/037700000">"Province: Aurora (province)"</a>. <i>PSGC Interactive</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate-data.org&rft.atitle=Climate%3A+Aurora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.climate-data.org%2Fregion%2F1852%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ManilaTimes-Lando-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ManilaTimes-Lando_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIglesiasVargasCueto2015" class="citation news cs1">Iglesias, Iza; Vargas, Anthony; Cueto, Francis Earl A. 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Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex: Aurora, 2000"</a>. <i>Philippine Statistics Authority</i>. 11 June 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr0271tx.html">the original</a> on 5 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.atitle=Aurora%3A+Housing+Unit+Occupancy+Rate+Almost+100+Percent%3B+Table+4.+Household+Population+by+Ethnicity+and+Sex%3A+Aurora%2C+2000&rft.date=2002-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov.ph%2Fdata%2Fpressrelease%2F2002%2Fpr0271tx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psa.gov.ph/system/files/main-publication/AURORA_FINAL%20PDF.pdf">2010 Census of Population and Housing Report No. 2A: Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex: 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aurorapeople-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aurorapeople_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aurorapeople_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMesina" class="citation web cs1">Mesina, Ilovita. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aurora.ph/mobile/baler-aurora-book/baler-and-its-people.html">"Baler And Its People, The Aurorans"</a>. <i>Aurora.ph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011235049/http://www.aurora.ph/mobile/baler-aurora-book/baler-and-its-people.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aurora.ph&rft.atitle=Baler+And+Its+People%2C+The+Aurorans&rft.aulast=Mesina&rft.aufirst=Ilovita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aurora.ph%2Fmobile%2Fbaler-aurora-book%2Fbaler-and-its-people.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrows1910" class="citation magazine cs1">Barrows, David P. (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TSMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA521">"The Ilongot or Ibilao of Luzon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></i>. Vol. 77, no. 1–6. pp. 521–537. <q>These people (Ilongot) scattered rancherias toward Baler and sustain trading relations with the Tagalog of that town, but are hostile with the Ilongot of Nueva Vizcaya jurisdiction... It may be that these Ilongot communicate with the Tagalog town of Kasiguran.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Science+Monthly&rft.atitle=The+Ilongot+or+Ibilao+of+Luzon&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1%E2%80%936&rft.pages=521-537&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Barrows&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTSMDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marcnepo.blogspot.com/2013/06/what-is-kapampangan-region.html?m=1">What is the Kapampangan Region?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://steemit.com/ocd-resteem/@leeart/baler-and-other-sceneries-of-aurora">"Baler and Other Sceneries of Aurora"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153756/https://steemit.com/ocd-resteem/@leeart/baler-and-other-sceneries-of-aurora">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-01-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baler+and+Other+Sceneries+of+Aurora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsteemit.com%2Focd-resteem%2F%40leeart%2Fbaler-and-other-sceneries-of-aurora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220926153333/https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-communities-and-traditional-arts-sccta/northern-cultural-communities/lowland-cultural-group-of-the-tagalogs/">"Lowland Cultural Group of the Tagalogs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-communities-and-traditional-arts-sccta/northern-cultural-communities/lowland-cultural-group-of-the-tagalogs/">the original</a> on 2022-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lowland+Cultural+Group+of+the+Tagalogs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncca.gov.ph%2Fabout-ncca-3%2Fsubcommissions%2Fsubcommission-on-cultural-communities-and-traditional-arts-sccta%2Fnorthern-cultural-communities%2Flowland-cultural-group-of-the-tagalogs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dipaculao-aurora.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ELA_2020-2022.pdf">Municipality of Dipaculao</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ilongot-0">"Encyclopedia.com: Ilongot"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425171522/https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ilongot-0">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia.com%3A+Ilongot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fhumanities%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Filongot-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phinder.ph/aurora-philippines/">Discovering Aurora</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153829/https://phinder.ph/aurora-philippines/">Archived</a> January 31, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in phinder.ph</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Philippines/comments/422gng/is_it_true_that_aurora_uses_the_southern_tagalog/">Is it true that Aurora uses the Southern Tagalog dialect?</a> in Reddit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://region3.dilg.gov.ph/aurora/index.php/about/who-we-are">Aurora: Who We Are</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419135944/https://region3.dilg.gov.ph/aurora/index.php/about/who-we-are">Archived</a> 2023-04-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in DILG website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelaznog2013" class="citation book cs1">Selaznog, Olag (2013). <i>Ak'kaw Poppo: Talaan ng Salitang Baler</i> (1st ed.). Makati City: Baler Aurora Ngayon Angkan at Kasaysayan (Banak Inc.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ak%27kaw+Poppo%3A+Talaan+ng+Salitang+Baler&rft.place=Makati+City&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Baler+Aurora+Ngayon+Angkan+at+Kasaysayan+%28Banak+Inc.%29&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Selaznog&rft.aufirst=Olag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://batangbalerako.wordpress.com/category/baler-words/">"Batang Baler Ako Website"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421171352/https://batangbalerako.wordpress.com/category/baler-words/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batang+Baler+Ako+Website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbatangbalerako.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fbaler-words%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oocities.org/josephisdead/dictionary.htm">"OoCities: Batang Baler"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314060129/https://www.oocities.org/josephisdead/dictionary.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OoCities%3A+Batang+Baler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oocities.org%2Fjosephisdead%2Fdictionary.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discoverthephilippines.com/aurora-province-philippines/">"Discover the Philippines: Aurora Province"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231229124323/https://www.discoverthephilippines.com/aurora-province-philippines/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-12-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discover+the+Philippines%3A+Aurora+Province&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoverthephilippines.com%2Faurora-province-philippines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/content/poverty-incidence-pi">"Poverty incidence (PI):"</a>. Philippine Statistics Authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poverty+incidence+%28PI%29%3A&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fcontent%2Fpoverty-incidence-pi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/NSCB_LocalPovertyPhilippines_0.pdf">"Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estimation+of+Local+Poverty+in+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2005-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FNSCB_LocalPovertyPhilippines_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2009%20Poverty%20Statistics.pdf">"2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 8 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+Official+Poverty+Statistics+of+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2011-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2009%2520Poverty%2520Statistics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/City%20and%20Municipal-level%20Small%20Area%20Poverty%20Estimates_%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015_0.xlsx">"Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015"</a>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 27 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Per+Capita+Poverty+Threshold%2C+Poverty+Incidence+and+Magnitude+of+Poor+Population%2C+by+Region+and+Province%3A+1991%2C+2006%2C+2009%2C+2012+and+2015&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2016-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FCity%2520and%2520Municipal-level%2520Small%2520Area%2520Poverty%2520Estimates_%25202009%252C%25202012%2520and%25202015_0.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/City%20and%20Municipal-level%20Small%20Area%20Poverty%20Estimates_%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015_0.xlsx">"Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015"</a>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 27 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Per+Capita+Poverty+Threshold%2C+Poverty+Incidence+and+Magnitude+of+Poor+Population%2C+by+Region+and+Province%3A+1991%2C+2006%2C+2009%2C+2012+and+2015&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2016-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FCity%2520and%2520Municipal-level%2520Small%2520Area%2520Poverty%2520Estimates_%25202009%252C%25202012%2520and%25202015_0.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/City%20and%20Municipal-level%20Small%20Area%20Poverty%20Estimates_%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015_0.xlsx">"Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015"</a>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 27 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Per+Capita+Poverty+Threshold%2C+Poverty+Incidence+and+Magnitude+of+Poor+Population%2C+by+Region+and+Province%3A+1991%2C+2006%2C+2009%2C+2012+and+2015&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2016-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FCity%2520and%2520Municipal-level%2520Small%2520Area%2520Poverty%2520Estimates_%25202009%252C%25202012%2520and%25202015_0.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%202.%20%20Updated%20Annual%20Per%20Capita%20Poverty%20Threshold%2C%20Poverty%20Incidence%20and%20Magnitude%20of%20Poor%20Population%20with%20Measures%20of%20Precision%2C%20by%20Region%20and%20Province_2015%20and%202018.xlsx">"Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018"</a>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 4 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Updated+Annual+Per+Capita+Poverty+Threshold%2C+Poverty+Incidence+and+Magnitude+of+Poor+Population+with+Measures+of+Precision%2C+by+Region+and+Province%3A+2015+and+2018&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FTable%25202.%2520%2520Updated%2520Annual%2520Per%2520Capita%2520Poverty%2520Threshold%252C%2520Poverty%2520Incidence%2520and%2520Magnitude%2520of%2520Poor%2520Population%2520with%2520Measures%2520of%2520Precision%252C%2520by%2520Region%2520and%2520Province_2015%2520and%25202018.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/phdsd/2023-01/Preliminary%25202021%2520Full%2520Year%2520Poverty%2520Statistics%2520Publication_25Aug2022.pdf">"2021 Full Year Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2021+Full+Year+Official+Poverty+Statistics+of+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.date=2022-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fphdsd%2F2023-01%2FPreliminary%2525202021%252520Full%252520Year%252520Poverty%252520Statistics%252520Publication_25Aug2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurora+%28province%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_(province)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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using</b> <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Aurora_%28province%29">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> <p><b>Download coordinates as:</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Aurora_(province)">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Aurora_(province)">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Aurora_(province)">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Aurora_(province)">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aurora_(province)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aurora (province)">Aurora</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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id="Places_adjacent_to_Aurora_(province)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Aurora (province)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">Quirino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Aurora</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a></i></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quezon_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quezon (province)">Quezon</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Province_of_Aurora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aurora" title="Template:Aurora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aurora" title="Template talk:Aurora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aurora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aurora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Province_of_Aurora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PH-AUR_Flag.png/23px-PH-AUR_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PH-AUR_Flag.png/35px-PH-AUR_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PH-AUR_Flag.png/46px-PH-AUR_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="501" /></span></span></span> Province of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aurora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Baler,_Aurora" title="Baler, Aurora">Baler</a></b> (capital) <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Maria_Aurora,_Aurora" title="Maria Aurora, Aurora">Maria Aurora</a></b> (largest municipality)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baler,_Aurora" title="Baler, Aurora">Baler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casiguran,_Aurora" title="Casiguran, Aurora">Casiguran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilasag" title="Dilasag">Dilasag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinalungan" title="Dinalungan">Dinalungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingalan" title="Dingalan">Dingalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipaculao" title="Dipaculao">Dipaculao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Aurora,_Aurora" title="Maria Aurora, Aurora">Maria Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis,_Aurora" title="San Luis, Aurora">San Luis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Aurora" class="mw-redirect" title="List of barangays in Aurora">Barangays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Aurora" class="mw-redirect" title="List of barangays in Aurora">List of barangays in Aurora</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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