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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A5%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرانسوا إتيان دي كيلرمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانسوا إتيان دي كيلرمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François-Étienne Kellermann – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="François-Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François-Étienne Kellermann – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="François-Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François-Étienne Kellermann – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="François-Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François Étienne Kellermann – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="François Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François Étienne Kellermann – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="François Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%88%98%EC%95%84_%EC%97%90%ED%8B%B0%EC%97%94_%EC%BC%88%EB%A0%88%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C" title="프랑수아 에티엔 켈레르만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑수아 에티엔 켈레르만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_de_Kellermann" title="François Étienne de Kellermann – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="François Étienne de Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François Étienne Kellermann – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="François Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="פרנסואה אטיין דה קלרמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנסואה אטיין דה קלרמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرانسوا اتين د كيليرمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانسوا اتين د كيليرمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_de_Kellermann" title="François Étienne de Kellermann – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="François Étienne de Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8C%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="フランソワ・エティエンヌ・ケレルマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランソワ・エティエンヌ・ケレルマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_de_Kellermann" title="François Étienne de Kellermann – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="François Étienne de Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François Étienne Kellermann – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="François Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François-Étienne Kellermann – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="François-Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François Étienne Kellermann – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="François Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Келлерман, Франсуа Этьенн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Келлерман, Франсуа Этьенн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François Étienne Kellermann – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="François Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François-Étienne Kellermann – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="François-Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_Kellermann" title="François Étienne Kellermann – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="François Étienne Kellermann" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q138105#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_de_Kellermann" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">François Etienne de Kellermann</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kellermann,_Francois_Etienne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kellermann%2C_Francois_Etienne.jpg/220px-Kellermann%2C_Francois_Etienne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kellermann%2C_Francois_Etienne.jpg/330px-Kellermann%2C_Francois_Etienne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Kellermann%2C_Francois_Etienne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="465" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">General Kellermann, 2nd Duke of Valmy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1770-08-04</span>)</span>4 August 1770<br /><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 June 1835<span style="display:none">(1835-06-02)</span> (aged 64)<br />Paris, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French First Republic</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1785–<br />1795–1815</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_of_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="General of Division">General of Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dragoon_Division_(Grande_Arm%C3%A9e)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dragoon Division (Grande Armée) (page does not exist)">Dragoon Division</a><br /><a href="/wiki/IV_Cavalry_Corps_(Grande_Arm%C3%A9e)" title="IV Cavalry Corps (Grande Armée)">IV Cavalry Corps</a><br /><a href="/wiki/III_Cavalry_Corps_(Grande_Arm%C3%A9e)" title="III Cavalry Corps (Grande Armée)">III Cavalry Corps</a><br /><a href="/wiki/VI_Cavalry_Corps_(Grande_Arm%C3%A9e)" title="VI Cavalry Corps (Grande Armée)">VI Cavalry Corps</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> (Grand Cross)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Other work</th><td class="infobox-data">politician</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>François Étienne de Kellermann</b>, <b>2nd Duke of <a href="/wiki/Valmy" title="Valmy">Valmy</a></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[fʁɑ̃swa<span class="wrap"> </span>etjɛn<span class="wrap"> </span>də<span class="wrap"> </span>kelamɑn]</a></span>; 4 August 1770 – 2 June 1835) was a French <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">general</a> noted for his daring and skillful exploits during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. He was the son of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_de_Kellermann" title="François Christophe de Kellermann">François Christophe de Kellermann</a> and the father of the diplomat <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_Edmond_de_Kellermann" title="François Christophe Edmond de Kellermann">François Christophe Edmond de Kellermann</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_French_Revolutionary_Wars">Early life and French Revolutionary Wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_de_Kellermann&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and French Revolutionary Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>, Kellermann served for a short time in his father's regiment of Hussars before entering the diplomatic service in 1791. In 1793 he again joined the army, serving chiefly under his father's command in the Alps, and rising in 1796 to the rank of chef de brigade. In the latter part of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Bonaparte</a>'s celebrated Italian campaign of 1796-1797 the younger Kellermann attracted the future emperor's notice by his brilliant conduct at the forcing of the <a href="/wiki/Tagliamento" title="Tagliamento">Tagliamento</a>. He was made general of brigade immediately after, and continued to serve in Italy after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Peace of Campo Formio</a>, being employed successively in the armies of Rome and Naples under <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre_MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald">Macdonald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_%C3%89tienne_Championnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Étienne Championnet">Championnet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo_(1800)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Marengo (1800)">Battle of Marengo (1800)</a>, he commanded a heavy cavalry brigade under the <a href="/wiki/First_Consul" class="mw-redirect" title="First Consul">First Consul</a> and he initiated and implemented one of the most famous cavalry charges of history, which, with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Charles_Antoine_Desaix" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Charles Antoine Desaix">Desaix</a>'s infantry attack, decided the issue of the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French forces had fought all day and were withdrawing. The Austrian troops had formed large columns to pursue the retreating French. In the evening, Kellermann's depleted cavalry brigade that had been occupied South of the field returned. Joined by a few squadrons of dragoons and other elements, Kellermann's men's perfectly timed charge rode down three Austrian grenadier battalions. Then, he rapidly reformed his troopers, charged and routed an Austrian dragoon regiment. The dragoons stampeded through the Austrian infantry columns, causing a general rout, securing a French victory in a battle that seemed all but lost just an hour earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was promoted general of division at once, but as early as the evening of the battle he resented what he thought to be an attempt to belittle his exploit. A heated controversy followed as to the influence of Kellermann's charge on the course of the battle, and in this controversy he displayed neither tact nor forbearance. However, his merits were too great for his career to be ruined either by his conduct in the dispute or by the frequent scandals, and even by the frauds, of his private life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Napoleonic_Wars">Napoleonic Wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_de_Kellermann&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Napoleonic Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike his father's, his title to fame did not rest on one fortunate opportunity. Though not the most famous, he was perhaps the ablest of all Napoleon's cavalry leaders, and distinguished himself at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in command of a light cavalry division on the left flank. Kellermann commanded a cavalry division under <a href="/wiki/Jean-Andoche_Junot" title="Jean-Andoche Junot">Jean-Andoche Junot</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Portugal_(1807)" title="Invasion of Portugal (1807)">1807 Invasion of Portugal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimeiro" title="Battle of Vimeiro">Battle of Vimeiro</a> he led the grenadier reserve and, after the French defeat, used his considerable diplomatic skills in negotiating the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Cintra" title="Convention of Cintra">Convention of Cintra</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alba_de_Tormes" title="Battle of Alba de Tormes">Battle of Alba de Tormes</a> on 28 November 1809, he led 3,000 troopers in a brilliant cavalry charge that routed the <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Ca%C3%B1as_y_Portocarrero" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicente Cañas y Portocarrero">Duke Del Parque</a>'s Spanish army.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served with distinction on other occasions in the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Rapacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapacity">rapacity</a> was notorious in Spain, yet Napoleon met his unconvincing excuses with the words, "General, whenever your name is brought before me, I think of nothing but Marengo."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was on sick leave during the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> in 1812. However, in 1813 and 1814 he led the <a href="/wiki/IV_Cavalry_Corps_(Grande_Arm%C3%A9e)" title="IV Cavalry Corps (Grande Armée)">IV Cavalry Corps</a> with conspicuous skill. He retained his rank under the first Restoration, but joined Napoleon during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a>, and commanded the <a href="/wiki/III_Cavalry_Corps_(Grande_Arm%C3%A9e)" title="III Cavalry Corps (Grande Armée)">III Cavalry Corps</a> in the Waterloo campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He led his squadrons in a famous <a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">cavalry charge</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quatre_Bras" title="Battle of Quatre Bras">Battle of Quatre Bras</a> on 16 June 1815. In this action, Kellermann was peremptorily ordered by Marshal <a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a> to make a frontal charge on the Anglo-Allied line with the 770 troopers of Guiton's cuirassier brigade. Against cavalry doctrine, Kellermann called for an immediate gallop so that his men would not see how badly they were outnumbered. In four separate charges, the 8th and 11th Cuirassiers broke the <a href="/wiki/69th_(South_Lincolnshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot">69th Foot</a> and captured a color, scattered a Hanoverian battalion and sent the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Regiment of Foot">33rd</a> and <a href="/wiki/73rd_(Perthshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot">73rd Foot</a> fleeing for the safety of a nearby wood. The horsemen briefly seized the crucial crossroads, but the odds were too great. Unhorsed, Kellermann narrowly escaped by holding onto the stirrup of one of his cavalrymen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Waterloo</a>, he was wounded. Initially, Kellermann's two divisions were deployed in support of the infantry in the left center of the line. Early on, cuirassiers — either Kellermann's or <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Jean_Baptiste_Milhaud" title="Édouard Jean Baptiste Milhaud">Milhaud</a>'s — destroyed a carelessly deployed Hanoverian infantry battalion. In the afternoon, Ney sent the III Cavalry Corps into a mass attack against the British infantry squares between Hougoumont and La Haye Sainte. At some time in the late afternoon, cuirassiers — possibly Kellermann's — rode down the 5th and 8th King's German Legion battalions. But the futile and repeated charges against the main Allied line failed to break a single square and used up the French cavalry. </p><p>Kellermann was disgraced at the second Restoration, and, on succeeding to his father's title and seat in the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_France" title="Peerage of France">Chamber of Peers</a> in 1820, at once took up and maintained till the fall of <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a> in 1830 an attitude of determined opposition to the Bourbons. He died on 2 June 1835.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>KELLERMANN, F.</b> is inscribed on the south pillar (21st column) of the <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_de_Kellermann&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911719_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 719.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold, p 179-181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jensen, Nathan D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcdetriomphe.info/officers/kellerman2/">"General François-Etienne Kellerman."</a> Consulted 23 March 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, p 336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gates, David (2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LqtaVb1QkkwC&pg=PA32"><i>The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War</i>, p. 146. Da Capo Press.</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-4732-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-4732-0">978-0-7867-4732-0</a>. Google Books. Retrieved 23 March 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Balkoski, p 9</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_de_Kellermann&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arnold, James R. <i>Marengo & Hohenlinden.</i> Pen & Sword, 2005.</li> <li>Balkoski, Joseph. Strategy & Tactics magazine 74, "Ney vs. Wellington: The Battle of Quatre Bras." May–June 1979.</li> <li>Smith, Digby. <i>The Napoleonic Wars Data Book.</i> London: Greenhill, 1998.</li> <li>Weller, Jac. <i>Wellington in the Peninsula.</i> London: Nicholas Vane, 1962.</li></ul> <p><b>Attribution:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kellermann,_Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_de" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kellermann, François Christophe de">Kellermann, François Christophe de s.v. François Étienne de Kellermann</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 718–719.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kellermann%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+Christophe+de+s.v.+Fran%C3%A7ois+%C3%89tienne+de+Kellermann&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=718-719&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+%C3%89tienne+de+Kellermann" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_de_Kellermann&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kellermann, François Etienne de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Kellermann,_Fran%C3%A7ois_Etienne_de">"Kellermann, François Etienne de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kellermann%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+Etienne+de&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+%C3%89tienne+de+Kellermann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Kellermann, François Etienne"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Kellermann,_Fran%C3%A7ois_Etienne">"Kellermann, François Etienne" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kellermann%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+Etienne&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+%C3%89tienne+de+Kellermann" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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