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Elmoutaoukkil Abdelmajid</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Elmoutaoukkil Abdelmajid"> <meta name="keywords" content="Elmoutaoukkil Abdelmajid"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Elmoutaoukkil Abdelmajid"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Elmoutaoukkil Abdelmajid</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Classification of Attacks Over Cloud Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Abouelmehdi">Karim Abouelmehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loubna%20Dali"> Loubna Dali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmoutaoukkil%20Abdelmajid"> Elmoutaoukkil Abdelmajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20Elsayed"> Hoda Elsayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eladnani%20Fatiha"> Eladnani Fatiha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benihssane%20Abderahim"> Benihssane Abderahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The security of cloud services is the concern of cloud service providers. In this paper, we will mention different classifications of cloud attacks referred by specialized organizations. Each agency has its classification of well-defined properties. The purpose is to present a high-level classification of current research in cloud computing security. This classification is organized around attack strategies and corresponding defenses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31849/classification-of-attacks-over-cloud-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Constructing a Probabilistic Ontology from a DBLP Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emna%20Hlel">Emna Hlel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Jamousi"> Salma Jamousi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmajid%20Ben%20Hamadou"> Abdelmajid Ben Hamadou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every model for knowledge representation to model real-world applications must be able to cope with the effects of uncertain phenomena. One of main defects of classical ontology is its inability to represent and reason with uncertainty. To remedy this defect, we try to propose a method to construct probabilistic ontology for integrating uncertain information in an ontology modeling a set of basic publications DBLP (Digital Bibliography & Library Project) using a probabilistic model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20ontology" title="classical ontology">classical ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20ontology" title=" probabilistic ontology"> probabilistic ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20network" title=" Bayesian network"> Bayesian network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24225/constructing-a-probabilistic-ontology-from-a-dblp-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> A Rational Intelligent Agent to Promote Metacognition a Situation of Text Comprehension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anass%20Hsissi">Anass Hsissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20Allali"> Hakim Allali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmajid%20Hajami"> Abdelmajid Hajami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents the results of a doctoral research which aims to integrate metacognitive dimension in the design of human learning computing environments (ILE). We conducted a detailed study on the relationship between metacognitive processes and learning, specifically their positive impact on the performance of learners in the area of reading comprehension. Our contribution is to implement methods, using an intelligent agent based on BDI paradigm to ensure intelligent and reliable support for low readers, in order to encourage regulation and a conscious and rational use of their metacognitive abilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metacognition" title="metacognition">metacognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20comprehension%20EIAH" title=" text comprehension EIAH"> text comprehension EIAH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoregulation" title=" autoregulation"> autoregulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BDI%20agent" title=" BDI agent"> BDI agent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47217/a-rational-intelligent-agent-to-promote-metacognition-a-situation-of-text-comprehension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> The Role of Graphene Oxide on Titanium Dioxide Performance for Photovoltaic Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmajid%20Timoumi">Abdelmajid Timoumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Alamri"> Salah Alamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Alamri"> Hatem Alamri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> TiO₂ Graphene Oxide (TiO₂-GO) nanocomposite was prepared using the spin coating technique of suspension of Graphene Oxide (GO) nanosheets and Titanium Tetra Isopropoxide (TIP). The prepared nanocomposites samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, Scanning Electron Microscope and Atomic Force Microscope to examine their structures and morphologies. UV-vis transmittance and reflectance spectroscopy was employed to estimate band gap energies. From the TiO₂-GO samples, a 0.25 μm thin layer on a piece of glass 2x2 cm was created. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the as-deposited layers are amorphous in nature. The surface morphology images demonstrate that the layers grew in distributed with some spherical/rod-like and partially agglomerated TiGO on the surface of the composite. The Atomic Force Microscopy indicated that the films are smooth with slightly larger surface roughness. The analysis of optical absorption data of the layers showed that the values of band gap energy decreased from 3.46 eV to 1.40 eV, depending on the grams of GO doping. This reduction might be attributed to electron and/or hole trapping at the donor and acceptor levels in the TiO₂ band structure. Observed results have shown that the inclusion of GO in the TiO₂ matrix have exhibited significant and excellent properties, which would be promising for application in the photovoltaic application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20dioxide" title="titanium dioxide">titanium dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title=" graphene oxide"> graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cells" title=" solar cells"> solar cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94488/the-role-of-graphene-oxide-on-titanium-dioxide-performance-for-photovoltaic-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> The Palm Oil in Food Products: Frequency of Consumption and Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamilia%20Ounaissa">Kamilia Ounaissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarra%20Fennira"> Sarra Fennira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Ben%20Brahim"> Asma Ben Brahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20Omri"> Marwa Omri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmajid%20Abid"> Abdelmajid Abid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The palm oil is the vegetable oil the most used by the food-processing industry in the world. It is chosen for its economic and technologic advantages. However, this oil arouses the debate because of its high content in saturated fatty acids, which are fats promoting atherosclerosis. Purposes of the work: To study the frequency and the rate of consumption of industrial products containing some palm oil and specify the rate of this oil in certain consummated products. Methodology: We proceeded to a consumer survey using a questionnaire collecting a list of food containing the palm oil, sold on the Tunisian market. We then analyzed the most consumed food to specify their fat content by “Soxhelt’s” method. Finally, we studied the composition in various fatty acids of the extracted fat using the chromatography in the gas phase (CPG) Results: Our results show that investigated individuals having a normal weight have a more important and more frequent consumption of products rich in palm oil than overweight subjects. The most consumed foods are biscuits, cakes, wafers, chocolates, chips, cereal, creams to be spread and canned pilchard. The content in palm oil of these products varies from 10 % to 31 %. The analysis by CPG showed an important content in saturated fatty acid, in particular in palmitic acid, ranging from 40 % to 63 % of the fat of these products. Conclusion: Our study shows a high frequency of consumption of food products, the analysis of which proved a high content in palm oil. Theses facts justifies the necessity of a regulation of the use of palm oil in food products and the application of a label detailing the type and fat rates used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil" title="palm oil">palm oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palmitic%20acid" title=" palmitic acid"> palmitic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20industry" title=" food industry"> food industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids" title=" fatty acids"> fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atherosclerosis" title=" atherosclerosis"> atherosclerosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26258/the-palm-oil-in-food-products-frequency-of-consumption-and-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> The Impact of the Method of Extraction on 'Chemchali' Olive Oil Composition in Terms of Oxidation Index, and Chemical Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Om%20Kalthoum%20Sallem">Om Kalthoum Sallem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saidakilani"> Saidakilani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamiliya%20Ounaissa"> Kamiliya Ounaissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmajid%20Abid"> Abdelmajid Abid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction and purposes: Olive oil is the main oil used in the Mediterranean diet. Virgin olive oil is valued for its organoleptic and nutritional characteristics and is resistant to oxidation due to its high monounsaturated fatty acid content (MUFAs), and low polyunsaturates (PUFAs) and the presence of natural antioxidants such as phenols, tocopherols and carotenoids. The fatty acid composition, especially the MUFA content, and the natural antioxidants provide advantages for health. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of method of extraction on the chemical profiles of ‘Chemchali’ olive oil variety, which is cultivated in the city of Gafsa, and to compare it with chetoui and chemchali varieties. Methods: Our study is a qualitative prospective study that deals with ‘Chemchali’ olive oil variety. Analyses were conducted during three months (from December to February) in different oil mills in the city of Gafsa. We have compared ‘Chemchali’ olive oil obtained by continuous method to this obtained by superpress method. Then we have analyzed quality index parameters, including free fatty acid content (FFA), acidity, and UV spectrophotometric characteristics and other physico-chemical data [oxidative stability, ß-carotene, and chlorophyll pigment composition]. Results: Olive oil resulting from super press method compared with continuous method is less acid(0,6120 vs. 0,9760), less oxydazible(K232:2,478 vs. 2,592)(k270:0,216 vs. 0,228), more rich in oleic acid(61,61% vs. 66.99%), less rich in linoleic acid(13,38% vs. 13,98 %), more rich in total chlorophylls pigments (6,22 ppm vs. 3,18 ppm ) and ß-carotene (3,128 mg/kg vs. 1,73 mg/kg). ‘Chemchali’ olive oil showed more equilibrated total content in fatty acids compared with the varieties ’Chemleli’ and ‘Chetoui’. Gafsa’s variety ’Chemlali’ have significantly less saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Whereas it has a higher content in monounsaturated fatty acid C18:2, compared with the two other varieties. Conclusion: The use of super press method had benefic effects on general chemical characteristics of ‘Chemchali’ olive oil, maintaining the highest quality according to the ecocert legal standards. In light of the results obtained in this study, a more detailed study is required to establish whether the differences in the chemical properties of oils are mainly due to agronomic and climate variables or, to the processing employed in oil mills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20oil" title="olive oil">olive oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction%20method" title=" extraction method"> extraction method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids" title=" fatty acids"> fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemchali%20olive%20oil" title=" chemchali olive oil"> chemchali olive oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26221/the-impact-of-the-method-of-extraction-on-chemchali-olive-oil-composition-in-terms-of-oxidation-index-and-chemical-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Poisoning in Morocco: Evolution and Risk Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Khaddam%20Safaa">El Khaddam Safaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soulaymani%20Abdelmajid"> Soulaymani Abdelmajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtari%20Abdelghani"> Mokhtari Abdelghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouammi%20Lahcen"> Ouammi Lahcen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachida%20%20Soulaymani-Beincheikh"> Rachida Soulaymani-Beincheikh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The poisonings represent a problem of health in the world and Morocco, The exact dimensions of this phenomenon are still poorly recorded that we see the lack of exhaustive statistical data. The objective of this retrospective study of a series of cases of the poisonings declared at the level of the region of Tadla-Azilal and collected by the Moroccan Poison Control and Pharmacovigilance Center. An epidemiological profile of the poisonings was to raise, to determine the risk factors influencing the vital preview of the poisoned And to follow the evolution of the incidence, the lethality, and the mortality. During the period of study, we collected and analyzed 9303 cases of poisonings by different incriminated toxic products with the exception of the scorpion poisonings. These poisonings drove to 99 deaths. The epidemiological profile which we raised, showed that the poisoned were of any age with an average of 24.62±16.61 years, The sex-ratio (woman/man) was 1.36 in favor of the women. The difference between both sexes is highly significant (χ2 = 210.5; p<0,001). Most of the poisoned which declared to be of urban origin (60.5 %) (χ2=210.5; p<0,001). Carbon monoxide was the most incriminated among the cases of poisonings (24.15 %), them putting in head, followed by some pesticides and farm produces (21.44 %) and food (19.95 %). The analysis of the risk factors showed that the grown-up patients whose age is between 20 and 74 years have twice more risk of evolving towards the death (RR=1,57; IC95 % = 1,03-2,38) than the other age brackets, so the male genital organ was the most exposed (explained) to the death that the female genital organ (RR=1,59; IC95 % = 1,07-2,38) The patients of rural origin had presented 5 times more risk (RR=4,713; IC95 % = 2,543-8,742). Poisoned by the mineral products had presented the maximum of risk on the vital preview death (RR=23,19, IC95 % = 2,39-224,1). The poisonings by pesticides produce a risk of 9 (RR=9,31; IC95 % = 6,10-14,18). The incidence was 3,3 cases of 10000 inhabitants, and the mortality was 0,004 cases of 1000 inhabitants (that is 4 cases by 1000 000 inhabitants). The rate of lethality registered annually was 10.6 %. The evolution of the indicators of health according to the years showed that the rate of statement measured by the incidence increased by a significant way. We also noted an improvement in the coverage which (who) ended up with a decrease in the rate of the lethality and the mortality during last years. The fight anti-toxic is a work of length time. He asks for a lot of work various levels. It is necessary to attack the delay accumulated by our country on the various legal, institutional and technical aspects. The ideal solution is to develop and to set up a national strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title="epidemiology">epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poisoning" title=" poisoning"> poisoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators%20of%20health" title=" indicators of health"> indicators of health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadla-Azilal%20grated%20by%20anti-toxic%20fight" title=" Tadla-Azilal grated by anti-toxic fight"> Tadla-Azilal grated by anti-toxic fight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20032/poisoning-in-morocco-evolution-and-risk-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> The Torah Scroll of the National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco: Parchment Support and Black Ink Analytical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oubelkacem%20Yacine">Oubelkacem Yacine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Bast%20Hassan"> El Bast Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Bakkali%20Abdelmajid"> El Bakkali Abdelmajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamhasni%20Taibi"> Lamhasni Taibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ettakni%20Mahmoud"> Ettakni Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ait%20Lyazidi%20Saadia"> Ait Lyazidi Saadia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haddad%20Mustapha"> Haddad Mustapha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben-Ncer%20Abdelouahed"> Ben-Ncer Abdelouahed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Ferrane%20Mohammed"> El Ferrane Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boufarra%20Abdelkrim"> Boufarra Abdelkrim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work relates to an on-site and completely non-invasive investigation of one of the most famous west Mediterranean Torah Scroll housed at the National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco. The scroll is 26 m long and consists of 143 parchment sheets of 59 cm x 19 cm, exhibiting only black writings; it is of unknown age. The artifact has been restored by the curator staff of the library. The investigation exploring separately the parchment support and the writing black ink aims at: i) the examination of the parchment conservation/degradation state, ii) the identification of the black ink and iii) the identification of the parchment handcrafting materials. For this purpose, the analyses have been based on combining all of elemental XRF and structural Raman, ATR-FT Infrared Red and Fiber Optical Reflectance spectroscopies, in addition to chroma-metric and pH measurements. pH measurements showing values around 6.5 are in concordance with the absence of any visual corrosion related to the parchment acidity. However, on the basis of the relative intensities and frequency shift of amid I (AI) and amid II (AII) vibrational bands of the collagen, ATR-FTIR spectra revealed diffuse hydrolysis and gelatinization of the parchment writing support; diffuse and non-homogeny degradation by gelatinization has been also confirmed by the IG gelatinization index deduced from the NIR bands on the FOR spectra. This IG index, defined as the ratio I (6860 cm-1) / I (6685 cm-1), ranges in the interval 0.98 – 1 and highlights collagen degradation at the molecular level. Sequentially Shifted Excitation Raman measurements (SSERS) crossed to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) ones on the black writings revealed that the black ink used is an iron-copper gall one, while FOR spectra are typical of pure metal gall inks. These later reflectance measurements exclude, thus, any intentional addition of carbon black to the ink recipe. Moreover, no lead white had been used while pre-drawing the writing lines. On another side, ATR-FTIR measurements highlighted the presence of oxalates as ink degradation products. Considering the parchment handcrafting, the combination of XRF and ATR-FTIR measurements led to the assumption that this writing support had been prepared according to ancient Middle East practices; the parchment infrared fingerprint seems identical to that of the Dead Sea scroll. The present multi-technical analyses are the first ones performed on an ancient Judaic written parchment of Morocco; it is under furthering. The investigation will be extended to other parchments belonging to the Jewish Cultural Heritage Museum of Morocco in Casablanca. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torah%20scroll" title="torah scroll">torah scroll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parchment" title=" parchment"> parchment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20ink" title=" black ink"> black ink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-invasive%20analyses" title=" non-invasive analyses"> non-invasive analyses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRF%2FATR-FTIR%2FRAMAN%2FFORS" title=" XRF/ATR-FTIR/RAMAN/FORS"> XRF/ATR-FTIR/RAMAN/FORS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167592/the-torah-scroll-of-the-national-library-of-the-kingdom-of-morocco-parchment-support-and-black-ink-analytical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul 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