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Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis - Wikipedia
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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox scotus" style="line-height: 1.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #99c0ff; padding: 0.2em; line-height: 1.4em; font-size:125%; font-style: italic">Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Seal of the United States Supreme Court"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-top: 0.5em; font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Argued November 10, 1986<br />Decided March 9, 1987</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis, Secretary, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, et al.</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citations</th><td class="infobox-data">480 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/us/480/470/case.html">470</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_480" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 480">more</a></i>)<div>107 S. Ct. 1232; 94 <a href="/wiki/L._Ed._2d" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Ed. 2d">L. Ed. 2d</a> 472; 1987 <a href="/wiki/U.S._LEXIS" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. LEXIS">U.S. LEXIS</a> 2880</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Case history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prior</th><td class="infobox-data">Summary judgment granted, <i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis</i>, 581 <a href="/wiki/F._Supp." class="mw-redirect" title="F. Supp.">F. Supp.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/581/511/1596522/">511</a> (<a href="/wiki/W.D._Pa." class="mw-redirect" title="W.D. Pa.">W.D. Pa.</a> 1984); affimed sub nom. <i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. Duncan</i>, 771 <a href="/wiki/F.2d" class="mw-redirect" title="F.2d">F.2d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/771/707/379811/">707</a> (3d Cir. 1985), <a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">cert</a>. granted, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_475" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 475">475</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> 1080 (1986).</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Holding</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Sections 4 and 6 of the Subsidence Act did not constitute a taking of petitioners' private property without just compensation, so there was no violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Court membership</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><dl style="margin:0; padding:0.1em 0.5em; text-align:center; line-height:1.3em;"> <dt style="margin:0;">Chief Justice</dt> <dd style="margin:0 0 0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> </dd> <dt style="margin:0;">Associate Justices</dt> <dd style="margin:0;"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">William J. Brennan Jr.</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Byron_White" title="Byron White">Byron White</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Harry Blackmun</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell_Jr." title="Lewis F. Powell Jr.">Lewis F. Powell Jr.</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">John P. Stevens</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> </dd></dl></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Case opinions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Majority</th><td class="infobox-data">Stevens, joined by Brennan, White, Marshall, Blackmun</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissent</th><td class="infobox-data">Rehnquist, joined by Powell, O'Connor, Scalia</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Laws applied</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Takings_Clause" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">U.S. Const. amend. V</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis</b></i>, 480 U.S. 470 (1987), is a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> case interpreting the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Takings_Clause" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment's Takings Clause</a>. In this case, the court upheld a <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> statute which limited <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">coal mining</a> causing damage to buildings, dwellings, and cemeteries through <a href="/wiki/Subsidence" title="Subsidence">subsidence</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keystone_Bituminous_Coal_Ass%27n_v._DeBenedictis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> enacted the Subsidence Act in 1966 "to prevent or minimize subsidence and to regulate its consequences." In other words, the Subsidence Act was designed to prevent the harmful effects that underground mining can have on the surface above. Some examples of coal mine subsidence damage include cracked foundations, sinkholes, and groundwater loss. </p><p>In 1982, the Keystone Light Bituminous Coal Association, an <a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">association</a> formed by four coal companies, brought an action in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania. They sought to enjoin the Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> Department of Environmental Resources (DER), Nicholas DeBenedictis, and his lower officers, from enforcing the Bituminous Mine Subsidence and Land Conservation Act (Subsidence Act) and its implementing regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The petitioners challenged two sections of the Subsidence Act. First, they challenged Section 4, which "[P]rohibits mining that causes subsidence damage to three categories of structures . . . : [1.] public buildings and noncommercial buildings generally used by the public; [2.] dwellings used for human habitation; and [3.] cemeteries." Second, the petitioners challenged Section 6 of the Act. This section "[A]uthorizes the DER to revoke a mining permit if the removal of coal causes damage to a structure or area protected by Section 4 and the operator has not . . . [done any of the following within six months: 1.] repaired the damage, [2.] satisfied any claim arising [from the damage], or [3.] deposited a sum equal to the reasonable cost of repair with the DER as security." </p><p>In their complaint, the petitioners contended that "Pennsylvania recognizes three separate estates in land: The mineral estate; the surface estate; and the 'support estate.'" All but 10% of the coal to be mined by the petitioners was severed from the surface estates around the turn of the 20th century. However, surface owners generally waived any claims against petitioners or prior coal companies for damages caused by mining. </p><p>Relying on the Supreme Court’s decision in <i><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Coal_Co._v._Mahon" title="Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon">Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</a> (1922)</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the petitioners’ primary argument was that Sections 4 and 6 of the Subsidence Act violated the Takings Clause of the Constitution's Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments by taking their property without providing just <a href="/wiki/Nationalization#Compensation" title="Nationalization">compensation</a>. They also argued that Section 6 violated the Constitution's Contracts Clause. </p><p>The petitioners' main contention was that one restriction imposed by the DER is that "50% of the coal beneath structures protected by § 4" must be left unearthed to support the surface land, and that consequently their "support estate[s] had been entirely destroyed" because they had to leave 50% of the coal beneath the surface in place, so they could only mine the mineral estate while leaving the support estate untouched. In answers to interrogatories, the petitioners claimed that from 1966 to 1982 their land use rights at their 13 coal mines had been restricted to the point of a taking because of the Subsidence Act. As a result, they claimed that they had to leave about 27 million tons of coal in place. Altogether, these mines contained at least 1.46 billion tons of coal. The percentage of coal that had to remain unmined was less than 2% of the petitioners' total coal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedural_history">Procedural history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keystone_Bituminous_Coal_Ass%27n_v._DeBenedictis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Procedural history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The District Court held that <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> did not apply and that there was not a taking.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finding "that the Subsidence Act served valid public purposes," the District Court determined that the Act was a legitimate exercise of the state's police power. In response to the petitioners' support estate argument, the District Court found that "[T]he support estate consists of a <a href="/wiki/Bundle_of_rights" title="Bundle of rights">bundle of rights</a>, including some that were not affected by the Act." In essence, the District Court recognized that the support estate was a separate estate in land, but that the Act did not effect a taking of the whole support estate involved in this case. The District Court also rejected the Contracts Clause claim because the petitioners did not present evidence that the Act "had impaired any contract to which the Commonwealth was a party." </p><p>The Court of Appeals<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (January 2023)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> found that there was not a taking and affirmed the holding of the District Court.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also found that <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> did not apply. The Court of Appeals took a different approach to analyzing the support estate than the District Court did and "[C]onsidered the support estate as just one segment of a larger bundle of rights that invariably includes either the surface estate or the mineral estate." So, instead of finding that there were three separate estates in land, the Court of Appeals decided that the support estate was not a separate estate in land. Instead, the support estate was to be included as part of the surface estate or the mineral estate. By combining the support estate with the surface estate or the mineral estate, the petitioners' "bundle of rights" became larger. Therefore, the Court of Appeals found that "'their entire 'bundle' of property rights ha[d] not been destroyed.'" In addition, the Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court's holding concerning the Contracts Clause claim. </p><p>Both lower courts cited <i><a href="/wiki/Andrus_v._Allard" title="Andrus v. Allard">Andrus v. Allard</a></i> (1979),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Supreme Court case describing the "bundle of rights" that a property owner possesses. Relying on <i>Andrus</i>, both courts found that the support estate was just a "'strand'" in a larger bundle of rights. According to these courts, the Act had to effect a taking of the combined bundle of the surface estate, support estate, and mineral estate to be deemed a taking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Majority_opinion">Majority opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keystone_Bituminous_Coal_Ass%27n_v._DeBenedictis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Majority opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <i>Keystone</i> was argued before the Supreme Court in 1986, its facts were strikingly similar to the facts of <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i>. However, the Court began its opinion by rejecting the petitioners' argument that <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> should control in this case because "[T]he similarities . . . [between the two cases were] far less significant than the differences," and concluded that there was no taking. </p><p>Citing prior takings cases, the Court listed two factors that must be considered when evaluating whether a taking has occurred. These factors suggest that a land use regulation will be deemed a taking if it 1) "'does not substantially advance legitimate state interests,'" or 2) "'denies an owner economically viable use of his land.'"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using the two factors above, the Court found that the petitioners didn't meet their burden of proof in order to establish a taking.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Court found that the Subsidence Act "substantially advanced legitimate state interests" by trying to prevent "a significant threat to the common welfare" and that it wasn't "impossible for petitioners to profitably engage in their business." </p><p>According to the Court, the first difference between <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> and this case was that one act benefited a few and the other act benefited many. The Kohler Act challenged in <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> was intended to benefit a few private parties, while the Subsidence Act in this case was intended to benefit the general public. The Court stressed that the Kohler Act was not a legitimate exercise of the State's police power because it was only meant to protect "some private landowners' homes." Conversely, the Subsidence Act was a legitimate exercise of the State's police power because it was meant "to protect the public interest in health, the environment, and the fiscal integrity of the area." To be a legitimate exercise of the State's police power, "the nature of the State's action" must protect the general well-being of the community. Regulations protecting the general well-being of the community generally involve health, safety, or morals. In this case, the Court deferred to the Pennsylvania Legislature's finding "that important public interests are served by enforcing a policy that is designed to minimize subsidence in certain areas" because this purpose was "genuine, substantial, and legitimate."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Basically, the Court found that the Subsidence Act was meant to protect the general well-being of the community, rather than just a select few in the community, and was an acceptable use of the police power. </p><p>Second, the Court pointed out that the two cases are distinguishable because they were decided at different points in time. The Subsidence Act showed that "'[C]ircumstances may so change in time ... as to clothe with such a [public] interest what at other times ... would be a matter of purely private concern.'" Therefore, during the 44 years between the <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> decision and the enactment of the Subsidence Act there was a change in the public's attitude toward regulations affecting private land. </p><p>A third difference between the two cases was that the mining being regulated in this case was compared to a public nuisance, while the mining being regulated in <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> was not. In this case, the Court held that there is not a taking if "the State merely restrains uses of property that are tantamount to public nuisances."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This public nuisance argument is associated with the "'reciprocity of advantage'" analysis in takings law. Reciprocity of advantage means that people may have burdensome restrictions on their private property, but they will benefit greatly from the restrictions that are placed on others. Apparently, the <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> majority did not think there was a reciprocity of advantage in restricting the few private landowners' land use, but the <i>Keystone</i> majority did. </p><p>The last difference between the two cases was the diminution in value of the coal companies' properties. In <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i>, "mining of 'certain coal'" was deemed "commercially impracticable" as a result of the Kohler Act. Here, the Court held that there was no "show[ing of] any deprivation significant enough to satisfy the heavy burden placed upon one alleging a regulatory taking." The Court categorized the cause of action in this case as a "facial challenge" to the Act. From the Court's perspective, the petitioners challenged the statute's possible consequences without showing that any actual injury had occurred. As the Court mentioned, there was no evidence that any of the petitioners' mines could "no longer be mined for profit." </p><p>In regulatory takings cases, the Court "compare[s] the value that has been taken from the property with the value that remains in the property."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The property that the Court analyzed was the whole parcel, not "discrete segments" of the whole property.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So, the Court found that the 27 million tons of coal to be left in place was not "a separate segment of property for takings law purposes." Instead, the Court looked at the petitioners' total amount of coal. For this reason, the Court decided that the Subsidence Act had not denied the petitioners "economically viable use" of their coal mine properties and that their "reasonable 'investment-backed expectations'" in the properties had not been "materially affected." </p><p>The Court denied the petitioners' argument that their support estate had been taken. It analogized the support estate in this case to the "air rights" above Grand Central Station in <i><a href="/wiki/Penn_Central_Transportation_Co._v._New_York_City" title="Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City">Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City</a></i> (1978) and found that it was not "a separate segment of property for Takings Clause purposes." Declining to allow state law definitions of property interests to govern its takings analysis, the Court viewed Pennsylvania's three estates in land as one combined property interest.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, the petitioners' Contract Clause violation claim alleged that Section 6 of the Subsidence Act interfered with the liability waivers that they had with surface property owners. Rejecting this claim, the Court held that the state's "strong public interest" in preventing subsidence outweighed any contractual obligations between surface property owners and the petitioners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dissent">Dissent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keystone_Bituminous_Coal_Ass%27n_v._DeBenedictis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dissent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his dissenting opinion, Chief Justice Rehnquist argued that the facts of this case were analogous to the facts of <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> and that the Subsidence Act effected a taking of the petitioners' property without just compensation. </p><p>To begin with, Rehnquist attacked the majority's view that Justice Holmes' opinion in <i>PA Coal</i> was "uncharacteristically ... advisory." Rehnquist believed that no part of the <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> opinion was advisory in nature. In fact, he found the majority's opinion "particularly disturbing" and believed that their disregard for <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> essentially ignored a case that "for 65 years [had] been the foundation of [the Court's] 'regulatory takings' jurisprudence." He pointed to the often quoted phrase from <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> that "'if regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a taking'" and listed five cases where it had been relied on in reaching an outcome. Rehnquist was very troubled by the fact that <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> had been cited and relied on as precedent in previous takings cases, but was now only considered to be advisory.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rehnquist also disagreed with the majority because he felt that the Kohler Act in <i>Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</i> was intended to benefit private parties and the general public. He argued that similar to the purpose of the Subsidence Act, the Kohler Act was intended to prevent damage to buildings, infrastructure, pipelines, and avoid injuries and deaths. So, he believed that both statutes had public purposes and were too similar to be distinguished.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his opinion, both statutes were designed to protect not only private interests, but public interests as well. </p><p>Pointing to precedent cases, Rehnquist didn’t believe that this case fell under the “nuisance exception” either. He argued that the majority expanded the nuisance exception concept farther than it should have by putting this case in that category. Instead, the nuisance exception should only encompass the "prevent[ion of] a misuse or illegal use." </p><p>Finally, Rehnquist argued it was incorrect for the majority to overlook Pennsylvania's three defined property interests. He disagreed with the majority's view that the 27 million tons of coal that couldn't be mined as a result of the Subsidence Act wasn't a separate property interest.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rehnquist pointed out that Pennsylvania divides property interests into three categories. These categories are "the support estate, the surface estate, and the mineral estate." Each interest is deemed separate from the other and may have separate owners in fee simple.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, under Pennsylvania law, one person could own the surface estate, a second person could own the support estate, and a third person could own the mineral estate. If one owner purchased a mineral estate to mine and couldn't after the Subsidence Act was passed, then it reduced the value of that estate. Instead of considering the three separate estates in land, Rehnquist believed that the majority only considered a "broader, yet undefined, segment of property." Looking at this broader property interest led the majority to hold that there was no taking of the whole estate (the three separate estates combined). Rehnquist did not agree with the majority's analysis on this issue and would have found a taking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keystone_Bituminous_Coal_Ass%27n_v._DeBenedictis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_480" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 480">List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 480</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Coal_Co._v._Mahon" title="Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon">Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penn_Central_Transportation_Co._v._New_York_City" title="Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City">Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City</a></i> (1978)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keystone_Bituminous_Coal_Ass%27n_v._DeBenedictis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis</i>, 480 U.S. 470, 474, 478 (1987).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Coal_Co._v._Mahon" title="Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon">Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_260" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 260">260</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/260/393/">393</a> (1922).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/581/511/1596522/">581 F. Supp. 511</a> (<a href="/wiki/W.D._Pa." class="mw-redirect" title="W.D. Pa.">W.D. Pa.</a> 1984).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. Duncan</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/771/707/379811/">771 F.2d 707</a> (<a href="/wiki/3d_Cir." class="mw-redirect" title="3d Cir.">3d Cir.</a> 1985).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Andrus_v._Allard" title="Andrus v. Allard">Andrus v. Allard</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_444" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 444">444</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/444/51/">51</a> (1979).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Penn_Central_Transp._Co._v._New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn Central Transp. Co. v. New York City">Penn Central Transp. Co. v. New York City</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_438" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 438">438</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/438/104/#124">104, 124</a> (1978).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n</i>, 480 U.S. at 485.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n</i>, 480 U.S. at 485-86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n</i>, 480 U.S. at 491.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank I. Michelman, <i>Property, Utility, and Fairness: Comments on the Ethical Foundations of "Just Compensation" Law</i>, 80 Harv. L. Rev. 1165, 1192 (1967)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n</i>, 480 U.S. at 497.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n</i>, 480 U.S. at 500.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n</i>, 480 U.S. at 507-08 (Rehnquist, C.J., dissenting).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n</i>, 480 U.S. at 511.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n</i>, 480 U.S. at 515.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Captline v. County of Allegheny</i>, 459 A.2d 1298, 1301 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 1983)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keystone_Bituminous_Coal_Ass%27n_v._DeBenedictis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeck1987" class="citation journal cs1">Geck, J. (1987). "<i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis</i>: The Court's Emphasis on the Public Purposes of Environmental Protection Rewrites <i>Pennsylvania Coal</i>". <i>Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation</i>. <b>2</b>: 283. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1049-0280">1049-0280</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Law+and+Litigation&rft.atitle=Keystone+Bituminous+Coal+Association+v.+DeBenedictis%3A+The+Court%27s+Emphasis+on+the+Public+Purposes+of+Environmental+Protection+Rewrites+Pennsylvania+Coal&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=283&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=1049-0280&rft.aulast=Geck&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeystone+Bituminous+Coal+Ass%27n+v.+DeBenedictis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Susan J. Krueger, Comment, <i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis: Toward Redefining Takings Law</i>, 64 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 877 (1989).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keystone_Bituminous_Coal_Ass%27n_v._DeBenedictis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Text of <i>Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis</i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_480" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 480">480</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> 470 (1987) is available from: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/480/470.html">Findlaw</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/480/470/">Justia</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep480/usrep480470/usrep480470.pdf">Library of Congress</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1986/85-1092">Oyez (oral argument audio)</a> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/10/business/high-court-bolsters-states-control-over-mining.html">Stuart Taylor, Jr, <i>High Court Bolsters States' Control Over Mining</i>, N.Y. Times, Mar. 10, 1987, at D2.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/property/2006/03/why_singling_ou.html">Posting of Benjamin Barros to PropertyProf Blog, http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/property/2006/03/why_singling_ou.html (Mar. 30, 2006).</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Evans">Utah v. Evans</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Commerce_v._New_York" title="Department of Commerce v. New York">Department of Commerce v. New York</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump_v._New_York" title="Trump v. New York">Trump v. 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McCormack">Powell v. McCormack</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Term_Limits,_Inc._v._Thornton" title="U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton">U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cook_v._Gralike" title="Cook v. Gralike">Cook v. Gralike</a></i> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Elections_Clause_of_Section_IV" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_1:_Time,_place,_and_manner_of_holding" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Elections Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_4:_Congressional_elections" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section IV</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Siebold" title="Ex parte Siebold">Ex parte Siebold</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smiley_v._Holm" title="Smiley v. Holm">Smiley v. Holm</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Term_Limits,_Inc._v._Thornton" title="U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton">U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_Legislature_v._Arizona_Independent_Redistricting_Commission" title="Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission">Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moore_v._Harper" title="Moore v. Harper">Moore v. Harper</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Speech_or_Debate_Clause_of_Section_VI" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Speech_or_Debate_Clause" title="Speech or Debate Clause">Speech or Debate Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_6:Compensation,_privileges,_and_restrictions_on_holding_civil_office" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section VI</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kilbourn_v._Thompson" title="Kilbourn v. Thompson">Kilbourn v. Thompson</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Johnson_(1966)" title="United States v. Johnson (1966)">United States v. Johnson</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gravel_v._United_States" title="Gravel v. United States">Gravel v. United States</a></i> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Origination_Clause_of_Section_VII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Origination_Clause" title="Origination Clause">Origination Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_7:_Bills" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section VII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flint_v._Stone_Tracy_Co." title="Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.">Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Munoz-Flores" title="United States v. Munoz-Flores">United States v. Munoz-Flores</a></i> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Presentment_Clause_of_Section_VII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Presentment_Clause" title="Presentment Clause">Presentment Clause</a> of Section VII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_Veto_Case" title="Pocket Veto Case">Pocket Veto Case</a> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_v._Chadha" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha">Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clinton_v._City_of_New_York" title="Clinton v. City of New York">Clinton v. City of New York</a></i> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxing_and_Spending_Clause_of_Section_VIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">Taxing and Spending Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8:_Powers_of_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section VIII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylton_v._United_States" title="Hylton v. United States">Hylton v. United States</a></i> (1796)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collector_v._Day" title="Collector v. Day">Collector v. Day</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Springer_v._United_States" title="Springer v. United States">Springer v. United States</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pollock_v._Farmers%27_Loan_%26_Trust_Co." title="Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.">Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brushaber_v._Union_Pacific_Railroad_Co." title="Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.">Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bailey_v._Drexel_Furniture_Co." title="Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.">Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Butler" title="United States v. Butler">United States v. Butler</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helvering_v._Davis" title="Helvering v. Davis">Helvering v. Davis</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_v._Dole" title="South Dakota v. Dole">South Dakota v. Dole</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabri_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabri v. United States (page does not exist)">Sabri v. United States</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_v._Sebelius" title="National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius">National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Commerce_Clause_of_Section_VIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce Clause</a> of Section VIII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause" title="Dormant Commerce Clause">Dormant Commerce Clause</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Maryland" title="Brown v. Maryland">Brown v. Maryland</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Willson_v._Black-Bird_Creek_Marsh_Co." title="Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.">Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooley_v._Board_of_Wardens" title="Cooley v. Board of Wardens">Cooley v. Board of Wardens</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wabash,_St._Louis_%26_Pacific_Railway_Co._v._Illinois" title="Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois">Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swift_%26_Co._v._United_States" title="Swift & Co. v. United States">Swift & Co. v. United States</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_%26_Sons_Co._v._Malloy" title="George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy">George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_v._G.A.F._Seelig,_Inc." title="Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.">Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edwards_v._California" title="Edwards v. California">Edwards v. California</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Co._v._Arizona" title="Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona">Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dean_Milk_Co._v._City_of_Madison" title="Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison">Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miller_Bros._Co._v._Maryland" title="Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland">Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibb_v._Navajo_Freight_Lines,_Inc." title="Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.">Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Bellas_Hess_v._Illinois" title="National Bellas Hess v. Illinois">National Bellas Hess v. Illinois</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pike_v._Bruce_Church,_Inc." title="Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.">Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hughes_v._Alexandria_Scrap_Corp." title="Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.">Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Auto_Transit,_Inc._v._Brady" title="Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady">Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hunt_v._Washington_State_Apple_Advertising_Commission" title="Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission">Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Philadelphia_v._New_Jersey" title="City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey">City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exxon_Corp._v._Governor_of_Maryland" title="Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland">Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reeves,_Inc._v._Stake" title="Reeves, Inc. v. Stake">Reeves, Inc. v. Stake</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kassel_v._Consolidated_Freightways_Corp." title="Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.">Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sporhase_v._Nebraska_ex_rel._Douglas" title="Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas">Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_v._Mass._Council_of_Construction_Employers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers (page does not exist)">White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South-Central_Timber_Development,_Inc._v._Wunnicke" title="South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke">South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maine_v._Taylor" title="Maine v. Taylor">Maine v. Taylor</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Healy_v._Beer_Institute,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc. (page does not exist)">Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc.</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quill_Corp._v._North_Dakota" title="Quill Corp. v. North Dakota">Quill Corp. v. North Dakota</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Waste_Management,_Inc._v._Hunt" title="Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt">Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Waste_Systems,_Inc._v._Department_of_Environmental_Quality_of_Oregon" title="Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon">Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%26A_Carbone,_Inc._v._Town_of_Clarkstown" title="C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown">C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Lynn_Creamery,_Inc._v._Healy" title="West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy">West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Granholm_v._Heald" title="Granholm v. Heald">Granholm v. Heald</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_Haulers_Ass%27n_v._Oneida-Herkimer_Solid_Waste_Management_Authority" title="United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority">United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Revenue_of_Kentucky_v._Davis" title="Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis">Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Treasury_of_Maryland_v._Wynne" title="Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne">Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_v._Wayfair,_Inc." title="South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.">South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Wine_and_Spirits_Retailers_Assn._v._Thomas" title="Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas">Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Pork_Producers_Council_v._Ross" title="National Pork Producers Council v. Ross">National Pork Producers Council v. Ross</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibbons_v._Ogden" title="Gibbons v. Ogden">Gibbons v. Ogden</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passenger_Cases" title="Passenger Cases">Passenger Cases</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paul_v._Virginia" title="Paul v. Virginia">Paul v. Virginia</a></i> (1869)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Manufacturing_Co._v._Ferguson" title="Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson">Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kidd_v._Pearson" title="Kidd v. Pearson">Kidd v. Pearson</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_re_Debs" title="In re Debs">In re Debs</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._E._C._Knight_Co." title="United States v. E. C. Knight Co.">United States v. E. C. Knight Co.</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Champion_v._Ames" title="Champion v. Ames">Champion v. Ames</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_Co._v._United_States" title="Southern Railway Co. v. United States">Southern Railway Co. v. United States</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoke_v._United_States" title="Hoke v. United States">Hoke v. United States</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houston_East_%26_West_Texas_Railway_Co._v._United_States" title="Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States">Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hammer_v._Dagenhart" title="Hammer v. Dagenhart">Hammer v. Dagenhart</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Trade_of_City_of_Chicago_v._Olsen" title="Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen">Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A.L.A._Schechter_Poultry_Corp._v._United_States" title="A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States">A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gold_Clause_Cases" title="Gold Clause Cases">Gold Clause Cases</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panama_Refining_Co._v._Ryan" title="Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan">Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carter_v._Carter_Coal_Co." title="Carter v. Carter Coal Co.">Carter v. Carter Coal Co.</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NLRB_v._Jones_%26_Laughlin_Steel_Corp." title="NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.">NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Carolene_Products_Co." title="United States v. Carolene Products Co.">United States v. Carolene Products Co.</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McGoldrick_v._Berwind-White_Coal_Mining_Co." title="McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.">McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Darby_Lumber_Co." title="United States v. Darby Lumber Co.">United States v. Darby Lumber Co.</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Wrightwood_Dairy_Co." title="United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.">United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wickard_v._Filburn" title="Wickard v. Filburn">Wickard v. Filburn</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._South-Eastern_Underwriters_Ass%27n" title="United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n">United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_American_Co._v._SEC" title="North American Co. v. SEC">North American Co. v. SEC</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/H.P._Hood_%26_Sons_v._Du_Mond" title="H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond">H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henderson_v._United_States_(1950)" title="Henderson v. United States (1950)">Henderson v. United States</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canton_Railroad_Co._v._Rogan" title="Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan">Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boynton_v._Virginia" title="Boynton v. Virginia">Boynton v. Virginia</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Atlanta_Motel,_Inc._v._United_States" title="Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States">Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katzenbach_v._McClung" title="Katzenbach v. McClung">Katzenbach v. McClung</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_v._Wirtz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maryland v. Wirtz (page does not exist)">Maryland v. Wirtz</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_League_of_Cities_v._Usery" title="National League of Cities v. Usery">National League of Cities v. Usery</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hodel_v._Virginia_Surface_Mining_%26_Reclamation_Association,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc. (page does not exist)">Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc.</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Edison_Co._v._Montana" title="Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana">Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EEOC_v._Wyoming" title="EEOC v. Wyoming">EEOC v. Wyoming</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garcia_v._San_Antonio_Metropolitan_Transit_Authority" title="Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority">Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_v._United_States" title="New York v. United States">New York v. United States</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Lopez" title="United States v. Lopez">United States v. Lopez</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Tribe_of_Florida_v._Florida" title="Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida">Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reno_v._Condon" title="Reno v. Condon">Reno v. Condon</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Locke" title="United States v. Locke">United States v. Locke</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jones_v._United_States_(2000)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jones v. United States (2000) (page does not exist)">Jones v. United States</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Morrison" title="United States v. Morrison">United States v. Morrison</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gonzales_v._Raich" title="Gonzales v. Raich">Gonzales v. Raich</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_v._Sebelius" title="National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius">National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taylor_v._United_States_(2016)" title="Taylor v. United States (2016)">Taylor v. United States</a></i> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Coinage_Clause_of_Section_VIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Enumerated_powers" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Coinage Clause</a> of Section VIII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Legal_Tender_Cases" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Cases</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Knox_v._Lee" title="Knox v. Lee">Knox v. Lee</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_v._Greenman" title="Juilliard v. Greenman">Juilliard v. Greenman</a></i> (1884)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Copyright_Clause_of_Section_VIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Clause" title="Copyright Clause">Copyright Clause</a> of Section VIII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1790" title="Copyright Act of 1790">Copyright Act of 1790</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_v._Peters" title="Wheaton v. Peters">Wheaton v. Peters</a></i> (1834)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paige_v._Banks" title="Paige v. Banks">Paige v. Banks</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Globe_Newspaper_Co._v._Walker" title="Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker">Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker</a></i> (1908)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_States_patent_law#Patent_Act_of_1793" title="History of United States patent law">Patent Act of 1793</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyler_v._Tuel" title="Tyler v. Tuel">Tyler v. Tuel</a></i> (1810)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evans_v._Eaton_(1818)" title="Evans v. Eaton (1818)">Evans v. Eaton</a></i> (1818)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evans_v._Eaton_(1822)" title="Evans v. Eaton (1822)">Evans v. Eaton</a></i> (1822)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evans_v._Hettich" title="Evans v. Hettich">Evans v. Hettich</a></i> (1822)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patent_infringement_under_United_States_law" title="Patent infringement under United States law">Patent infringement</a> case law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Evans_v._Jordan" title="Evans v. Jordan">Evans v. Jordan</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hollister_v._Benedict_%26_Burnham_Manufacturing_Co." title="Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.">Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rowell_v._Lindsay" title="Rowell v. Lindsay">Rowell v. Lindsay</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schillinger_v._United_States" title="Schillinger v. United States">Schillinger v. United States</a></i> (1894)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bauer_%26_Cie._v._O%27Donnell" title="Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell">Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Talking_Pictures_Corp._v._Western_Electric_Co." title="General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.">General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.</a></i> (1938)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patentability" title="Patentability">Patentability</a> case law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pennock_v._Dialogue" title="Pennock v. Dialogue">Pennock v. Dialogue</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_v._Greenwood" title="Hotchkiss v. Greenwood">Hotchkiss v. Greenwood</a></i> (1851)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_v._Morse" title="O'Reilly v. Morse">O'Reilly v. Morse</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cochrane_v._Deener" title="Cochrane v. Deener">Cochrane v. Deener</a></i> (1876)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Elizabeth_v._American_Nicholson_Pavement_Co." title="City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.">City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.</a></i> (1878)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Egbert_v._Lippmann" title="Egbert v. Lippmann">Egbert v. Lippmann</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Safety-Valve_Co._v._Crosby_Steam_Gauge_%26_Valve_Co." title="Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.">Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voss_v._Fisher" title="Voss v. Fisher">Voss v. Fisher</a></i> (1885)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1831" title="Copyright Act of 1831">Copyright Act of 1831</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_v._Peters" title="Wheaton v. Peters">Wheaton v. Peters</a></i> (1834)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Backus_v._Gould" title="Backus v. Gould">Backus v. Gould</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stephens_v._Cady" title="Stephens v. Cady">Stephens v. Cady</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stevens_v._Gladding" title="Stevens v. Gladding">Stevens v. Gladding</a></i> (1854)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_v._Hall" title="Little v. Hall">Little v. Hall</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paige_v._Banks" title="Paige v. Banks">Paige v. Banks</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baker_v._Selden" title="Baker v. Selden">Baker v. Selden</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callaghan_v._Myers" title="Callaghan v. Myers">Callaghan v. Myers</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Higgins_v._Keuffel" title="Higgins v. Keuffel">Higgins v. Keuffel</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holmes_v._Hurst" title="Holmes v. Hurst">Holmes v. Hurst</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brady_v._Daly" title="Brady v. Daly">Brady v. Daly</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolles_v._Outing_Co." title="Bolles v. Outing Co.">Bolles v. Outing Co.</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mifflin_v._R._H._White_Company" title="Mifflin v. R. H. White Company">Mifflin v. R. H. White Company</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mifflin_v._Dutton" title="Mifflin v. Dutton">Mifflin v. Dutton</a></i> (1903)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1870" title="Copyright Act of 1870">Copyright Act of 1870</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Perris_v._Hexamer" title="Perris v. Hexamer">Perris v. Hexamer</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trade-Mark_Cases" title="Trade-Mark Cases">Trade-Mark Cases</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merrell_v._Tice" title="Merrell v. Tice">Merrell v. Tice</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schreiber_v._Sharpless" title="Schreiber v. Sharpless">Schreiber v. Sharpless</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burrow-Giles_Lithographic_Co._v._Sarony" title="Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony">Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thornton_v._Schreiber" title="Thornton v. Schreiber">Thornton v. Schreiber</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Banks_v._Manchester" title="Banks v. Manchester">Banks v. Manchester</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callaghan_v._Myers" title="Callaghan v. Myers">Callaghan v. Myers</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thompson_v._Hubbard" title="Thompson v. Hubbard">Thompson v. Hubbard</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Higgins_v._Keuffel" title="Higgins v. Keuffel">Higgins v. Keuffel</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belford_v._Scribner" title="Belford v. Scribner">Belford v. Scribner</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brady_v._Daly" title="Brady v. Daly">Brady v. Daly</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolles_v._Outing_Co." title="Bolles v. Outing Co.">Bolles v. Outing Co.</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bleistein_v._Donaldson_Lithographing_Co." title="Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.">Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McLoughlin_v._Raphael_Tuck_%26_Sons_Co." title="McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.">McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Tobacco_Co._v._Werckmeister" title="American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister">American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Werckmeister_v._American_Tobacco_Co." title="Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.">Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_Dictionary_Co._v._G._%26_C._Merriam_Co." title="United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.">United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White-Smith_Music_Publishing_Co._v._Apollo_Co." title="White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.">White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dun_v._Lumbermen%27s_Credit_Ass%27n" title="Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n">Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bobbs-Merrill_Co._v._Straus" title="Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus">Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scribner_v._Straus" title="Scribner v. Straus">Scribner v. Straus</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bong_v._Campbell_Art_Co." title="Bong v. Campbell Art Co.">Bong v. Campbell Art Co.</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_v._A.B._Dick_Co." title="Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.">Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.</a></i> (1912)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Antitrust_Act_of_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890">Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Straus_v._American_Publishers_Association" title="Straus v. American Publishers Association">Straus v. American Publishers Association</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Circuit,_Inc._v._United_States" title="Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States">Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Originators%27_Guild_of_America_v._FTC" title="Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC">Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Paramount_Pictures,_Inc." title="United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.">United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Music,_Inc._v._CBS_Inc." title="Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.">Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.</a></i> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Copyright_Act_of_1891" title="International Copyright Act of 1891">International Copyright Act of 1891</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Press_Pub._Co._v._Monroe" title="Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe">Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McLoughlin_v._Raphael_Tuck_%26_Sons_Co." title="McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.">McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Tobacco_Co._v._Werckmeister" title="American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister">American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White-Smith_Music_Publishing_Co._v._Apollo_Co." title="White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.">White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Globe_Newspaper_Co._v._Walker" title="Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker">Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bong_v._Campbell_Art_Co." title="Bong v. Campbell Art Co.">Bong v. Campbell Art Co.</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caliga_v._Inter_Ocean_Newspaper_Co." title="Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.">Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hills_and_Co._v._Hoover" title="Hills and Co. v. Hoover">Hills and Co. v. Hoover</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalem_Co._v._Harper_Bros." title="Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.">Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.</a></i> (1911)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1909" title="Copyright Act of 1909">Copyright Act of 1909</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hills_and_Co._v._Hoover" title="Hills and Co. v. Hoover">Hills and Co. v. Hoover</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DeJonge_and_Co._v._Breuker_%26_Kessler_Co." title="DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.">DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herbert_v._Shanley_Co." title="Herbert v. Shanley Co.">Herbert v. Shanley Co.</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manners_v._Morosco" title="Manners v. Morosco">Manners v. Morosco</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fox_Film_Corp._v._Knowles" title="Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles">Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buck_v._Jewell-LaSalle_Realty_Co." title="Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.">Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Douglas_v._Cunningham" title="Douglas v. Cunningham">Douglas v. Cunningham</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonian_Pub._Co._v._Pearson" title="Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson">Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_v._Metro-Goldwyn_Pictures_Corp." title="Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.">Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fred_Fisher_Music_Co._v._M._Witmark_%26_Sons" title="Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons">Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F._W._Woolworth_Co._v._Contemporary_Arts,_Inc." title="F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.">F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mazer_v._Stein" title="Mazer v. Stein">Mazer v. Stein</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Sylva_v._Ballentine" title="De Sylva v. Ballentine">De Sylva v. Ballentine</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sears,_Roebuck_%26_Co._v._Stiffel_Co." title="Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.">Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Williams_%26_Wilkins_Co._v._United_States" title="Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States">Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States</a></i> (1973)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patent_misuse" title="Patent misuse">Patent misuse</a> case law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Patents_Co._v._Universal_Film_Manufacturing_Co." title="Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.">Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morton_Salt_Co._v._G.S._Suppiger_Co." title="Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.">Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.</a></i> (1942)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Antitrust_Act_of_1914" title="Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914">Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Originators%27_Guild_of_America_v._FTC" title="Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC">Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dowling_v._United_States_(1985)" title="Dowling v. United States (1985)">Dowling v. United States</a></i> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lanham_Act" title="Lanham Act">Lanham Act</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inwood_Laboratories,_Inc._v._Ives_Laboratories,_Inc." title="Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.">Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Arts_%26_Athletics,_Inc._v._United_States_Olympic_Committee" title="San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee">San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Pesos,_Inc._v._Taco_Cabana,_Inc." title="Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.">Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qualitex_Co._v._Jacobson_Products_Co." title="Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.">Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/College_Savings_Bank_v._Florida_Prepaid_Postsecondary_Education_Expense_Board" title="College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board">College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Industries,_Inc._v._Leatherman_Tool_Group,_Inc." title="Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.">Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TrafFix_Devices,_Inc._v._Marketing_Displays,_Inc." title="TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.">TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dastar_Corp._v._Twentieth_Century_Fox_Film_Corp." title="Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.">Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moseley_v._V_Secret_Catalogue,_Inc." title="Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.">Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lexmark_International,_Inc._v._Static_Control_Components,_Inc.#Scope_of_federal_statutory_torts:_2014_ruling_at_the_Supreme_Court" title="Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.">Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/POM_Wonderful_LLC_v._Coca-Cola_Co." title="POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.">POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matal_v._Tam" title="Matal v. Tam">Matal v. Tam</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iancu_v._Brunetti" title="Iancu v. Brunetti">Iancu v. Brunetti</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romag_Fasteners,_Inc._v._Fossil,_Inc." title="Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.">Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1976" title="Copyright Act of 1976">Copyright Act of 1976</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zacchini_v._Scripps-Howard_Broadcasting_Co." title="Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.">Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sony_Corp._of_America_v._Universal_City_Studios,_Inc." title="Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.">Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mills_Music,_Inc._v._Snyder" title="Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder">Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row_v._Nation_Enterprises" title="Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises">Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Community_for_Creative_Non-Violence_v._Reid" title="Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid">Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stewart_v._Abend" title="Stewart v. Abend">Stewart v. Abend</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feist_Publications,_Inc.,_v._Rural_Telephone_Service_Co." title="Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.">Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fogerty_v._Fantasy,_Inc." title="Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.">Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campbell_v._Acuff-Rose_Music,_Inc." title="Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.">Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Dev._Corp._v._Borland_Int%27l,_Inc." title="Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.">Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quality_King_Distributors_Inc.,_v._L%27anza_Research_International_Inc." title="Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.">Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feltner_v._Columbia_Pictures_Television,_Inc." title="Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.">Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._Tasini" title="New York Times Co. v. Tasini">New York Times Co. v. Tasini</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eldred_v._Ashcroft" title="Eldred v. Ashcroft">Eldred v. Ashcroft</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MGM_Studios,_Inc._v._Grokster,_Ltd." title="MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.">MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reed_Elsevier,_Inc._v._Muchnick" title="Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick">Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Golan_v._Holder" title="Golan v. Holder">Golan v. Holder</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kirtsaeng_v._John_Wiley_%26_Sons,_Inc." title="Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.">Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Petrella_v._Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer,_Inc." title="Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.">Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Cos.,_Inc._v._Aereo,_Inc." title="American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.">American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Athletica,_LLC_v._Varsity_Brands,_Inc." title="Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.">Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate_Public_Benefit_Corp._v._Wall-Street.com" title="Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com">Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rimini_Street_Inc._v._Oracle_USA_Inc." title="Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle USA Inc.">Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle USA Inc.</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Remedy_Clarification_Act" title="Copyright Remedy Clarification Act">Allen v. Cooper</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Georgia_v._Public.Resource.Org,_Inc." title="Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.">Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_copyright_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court copyright case law">copyright cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Lithographic_Co._v._Werkmeister" title="American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister">American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ferris_v._Frohman" title="Ferris v. Frohman">Ferris v. Frohman</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Benedict_of_New_Jersey_v._Steinhauser" title="Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser">Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/International_News_Service_v._Associated_Press" title="International News Service v. Associated Press">International News Service v. Associated Press</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L._A._Westermann_Co._v._Dispatch_Printing_Co." title="L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.">L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.</a></i> (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumiere_v._Mae_Edna_Wilder,_Inc." title="Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.">Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Educational_Films_Corp._v._Ward" title="Educational Films Corp. v. Ward">Educational Films Corp. v. Ward</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fox_Film_Corp._v._Doyal" title="Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal">Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_v._Victor_Talking_Machine_Co." title="George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.">George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KVOS_v._Associated_Press" title="KVOS v. Associated Press">KVOS v. Associated Press</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_v._Buck" title="Gibbs v. Buck">Gibbs v. Buck</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buck_v._Gallagher" title="Buck v. Gallagher">Buck v. Gallagher</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_v._Wodehouse" title="Commissioner v. Wodehouse">Commissioner v. Wodehouse</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miller_Music_Corp._v._Charles_N._Daniels,_Inc." title="Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.">Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pub._Affairs_Associates,_Inc._v._Rickover" title="Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover">Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fortnightly_Corp._v._United_Artists_Television,_Inc." title="Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.">Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goldstein_v._California" title="Goldstein v. California">Goldstein v. California</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teleprompter_Corp._v._Columbia_Broadcasting" title="Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting">Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Music_Corp._v._Aiken" title="Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken">Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken</a></i> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_patent_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court patent case law">patent cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Continental_Paper_Bag_Co._v._Eastern_Paper_Bag_Co." title="Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.">Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minerals_Separation,_Ltd._v._Hyde" title="Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde">Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._General_Electric_Co." title="United States v. General Electric Co.">United States v. General Electric Co.</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Univis_Lens_Co." title="United States v. Univis Lens Co.">United States v. Univis Lens Co.</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Altvater_v._Freeman" title="Altvater v. Freeman">Altvater v. Freeman</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_%26_Carroll_Co._v._Interchemical_Corp." title="Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.">Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Funk_Bros._Seed_Co._v._Kalo_Inoculant_Co." title="Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.">Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Atlantic_%26_Pacific_Tea_Co._v._Supermarket_Equipment_Corp." title="Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.">Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graver_Tank_%26_Manufacturing_Co._v._Linde_Air_Products_Co." title="Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.">Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aro_Manufacturing_Co._v._Convertible_Top_Replacement_Co." title="Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.">Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compco_Corp._v._Day-Brite_Lighting,_Inc." title="Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.">Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wilbur-Ellis_Co._v._Kuther" title="Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther">Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brulotte_v._Thys_Co." title="Brulotte v. Thys Co.">Brulotte v. Thys Co.</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walker_Process_Equipment,_Inc._v._Food_Machinery_%26_Chemical_Corp." title="Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.">Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graham_v._John_Deere_Co." title="Graham v. John Deere Co.">Graham v. John Deere Co.</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Adams" title="United States v. Adams">United States v. Adams</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brenner_v._Manson" title="Brenner v. Manson">Brenner v. Manson</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lear,_Inc._v._Adkins" title="Lear, Inc. v. Adkins">Lear, Inc. v. Adkins</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anderson%27s-Black_Rock,_Inc._v._Pavement_Salvage_Co." title="Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.">Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zenith_Radio_Corp._v._Hazeltine_Research,_Inc." title="Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.">Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gottschalk_v._Benson" title="Gottschalk v. Benson">Gottschalk v. Benson</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Glaxo_Group_Ltd." title="United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.">United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dann_v._Johnston" title="Dann v. Johnston">Dann v. Johnston</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakraida_v._Ag_Pro_Inc." title="Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.">Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parker_v._Flook" title="Parker v. Flook">Parker v. Flook</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_v._Chakrabarty" title="Diamond v. Chakrabarty">Diamond v. Chakrabarty</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_v._Diehr" title="Diamond v. Diehr">Diamond v. Diehr</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bonito_Boats,_Inc._v._Thunder_Craft_Boats,_Inc." title="Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.">Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_%26_Co._v._Medtronic,_Inc." title="Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.">Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Markman_v._Westview_Instruments,_Inc." title="Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.">Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warner-Jenkinson_Co._v._Hilton_Davis_Chemical_Co." title="Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.">Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pfaff_v._Wells_Electronics,_Inc." title="Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.">Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_v._Zurko" title="Dickinson v. Zurko">Dickinson v. Zurko</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Florida_Prepaid_Postsecondary_Education_Expense_Board_v._College_Savings_Bank" title="Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank">Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._E._M._Ag_Supply,_Inc._v._Pioneer_Hi-Bred_International,_Inc." title="J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.">J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Festo_Corp._v._Shoketsu_Kinzoku_Kogyo_Kabushiki_Co." title="Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.">Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merck_KGaA_v._Integra_Lifesciences_I,_Ltd." title="Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.">Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EBay_Inc._v._MercExchange,_L.L.C." title="EBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.">eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Tool_Works_Inc._v._Independent_Ink,_Inc." title="Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.">Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LabCorp_v._Metabolite,_Inc." title="LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc.">LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc.</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MedImmune,_Inc._v._Genentech,_Inc." title="MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.">MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KSR_International_Co._v._Teleflex_Inc." title="KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.">KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._AT%26T_Corp." title="Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.">Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quanta_Computer,_Inc._v._LG_Electronics,_Inc." title="Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.">Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilski_v._Kappos" title="Bilski v. Kappos">Bilski v. Kappos</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Global-Tech_Appliances,_Inc._v._SEB_S.A." title="Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.">Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_v._Roche_Molecular_Systems,_Inc." title="Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.">Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._i4i_Ltd._Partnership" title="Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership">Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayo_Collaborative_Services_v._Prometheus_Laboratories,_Inc." title="Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.">Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kappos_v._Hyatt" title="Kappos v. Hyatt">Kappos v. Hyatt</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bowman_v._Monsanto_Co." title="Bowman v. Monsanto Co.">Bowman v. Monsanto Co.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunn_v._Minton" title="Gunn v. Minton">Gunn v. Minton</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Molecular_Pathology_v._Myriad_Genetics,_Inc." title="Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.">Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Actavis,_Inc." title="FTC v. Actavis, Inc.">FTC v. Actavis, Inc.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Corp._v._CLS_Bank_International" title="Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International">Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Techs.,_Inc._v._Limelight_Networks,_Inc.#Supreme_Court" title="Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.">Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teva_Pharmaceuticals_USA,_Inc._v._Sandoz,_Inc." title="Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.">Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kimble_v._Marvel_Entertainment,_LLC" title="Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC">Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._v._Samsung_Electronics_Co." title="Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.">Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TC_Heartland_LLC_v._Kraft_Foods_Group_Brands_LLC" title="TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC">TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_v._NantKwest,_Inc." title="Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.">Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_trademark_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court trademark case law">trademark cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/G._%26_C._Merriam_Co._v._Syndicate_Pub._Co." title="G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.">G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kellogg_Co._v._National_Biscuit_Co." title="Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.">Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patent_and_Trademark_Office_v._Booking.com_B._V." title="Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.">Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Necessary_and_Proper_Clause_of_Section_VIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Necessary_and_Proper_Clause" title="Necessary and Proper Clause">Necessary and Proper Clause</a> of Section VIII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland" title="McCulloch v. Maryland">McCulloch v. Maryland</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lambert_v._Yellowley" title="Lambert v. Yellowley">Lambert v. Yellowley</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabri_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabri v. United States (page does not exist)">Sabri v. United States</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gonzales_v._Raich" title="Gonzales v. Raich">Gonzales v. Raich</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Comstock" title="United States v. Comstock">United States v. Comstock</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Kebodeaux" title="United States v. Kebodeaux">United States v. Kebodeaux</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Habeas_corpus_Suspension_Clause_of_Section_IX" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clauses_2_and_3:_Civil_and_legal_protections" title="Article One of the United States Constitution"><i>Habeas corpus</i> Suspension Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_9:_Limits_on_Federal_power" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section IX</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Bollman" title="Ex parte Bollman">Ex parte Bollman</a></i> (1807)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Merryman" title="Ex parte Merryman">Ex parte Merryman</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Endo" title="Ex parte Endo">Ex parte Endo</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_v._St._Cyr" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr">Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boumediene_v._Bush" title="Boumediene v. Bush">Boumediene v. Bush</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Thuraissigiam" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam">Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="No_Bills_of_Attainder_or_Ex_post_facto_Laws_Clause_of_Section_IX" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clauses_2_and_3:_Civil_and_legal_protections" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">No Bills of Attainder or <i>Ex post facto</i> Laws Clause</a> of Section IX</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Calder_v._Bull" title="Calder v. Bull">Calder v. Bull</a></i> (1798)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturges_v._Crowninshield" title="Sturges v. Crowninshield">Sturges v. Crowninshield</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Garland" title="Ex parte Garland">Ex parte Garland</a></i> (1866)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawker_v._New_York" title="Hawker v. New York">Hawker v. New York</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samuels_v._McCurdy" title="Samuels v. McCurdy">Samuels v. McCurdy</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garner_v._Board_of_Public_Works" title="Garner v. Board of Public Works">Garner v. Board of Public Works</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Veau_v._Braisted" title="De Veau v. Braisted">De Veau v. Braisted</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barr_v._City_of_Columbia" title="Barr v. City of Columbia">Barr v. City of Columbia</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teague_v._Lane" title="Teague v. Lane">Teague v. Lane</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_v._Hendricks" title="Kansas v. Hendricks">Kansas v. Hendricks</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smith_v._Doe" title="Smith v. Doe">Smith v. Doe</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Contract_Clause_of_Section_X" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Contract_Clause" title="Contract Clause">Contract Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_10:_Limits_on_the_States" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section X</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Cases</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_v._Griswold" title="Hepburn v. Griswold">Hepburn v. Griswold</a></i> (1870)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_v._Peck" title="Fletcher v. Peck">Fletcher v. Peck</a></i> (1810)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College_v._Woodward" title="Dartmouth College v. Woodward">Dartmouth College v. Woodward</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturges_v._Crowninshield" title="Sturges v. Crowninshield">Sturges v. Crowninshield</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ogden_v._Saunders" title="Ogden v. Saunders">Ogden v. Saunders</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Bridge_v._Warren_Bridge" title="Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge">Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge</a></i> (1837)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronson_v._Kinzie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronson v. Kinzie (page does not exist)">Bronson v. Kinzie</a></i> (1843)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stone_v._Mississippi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stone v. Mississippi (page does not exist)">Stone v. Mississippi</a></i> (1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smyth_v._Ames" title="Smyth v. Ames">Smyth v. Ames</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Block_v._Hirsh" title="Block v. Hirsh">Block v. Hirsh</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_Building_%26_Loan_Ass%27n_v._Blaisdell" title="Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell">Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=W.B._Worthen_Co._v._Kavanaugh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh (page does not exist)">W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_of_El_Paso_v._Simmons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City of El Paso v. Simmons (page does not exist)">City of El Paso v. Simmons</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Trust_Co._of_N.Y._v._New_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey (page does not exist)">U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allied_Structural_Steel_Co._v._Spannaus" title="Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus">Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_Reserves_Group_v._Kansas_P._%26_L._Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co. (page does not exist)">Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co.</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exxon_Corp._v._Eagerton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton (page does not exist)">Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sveen_v._Melin" title="Sveen v. Melin">Sveen v. Melin</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Import-Export_Clause_of_Section_X" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Import-Export_Clause" title="Import-Export Clause">Import-Export Clause</a> of Section X</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Maryland" title="Brown v. Maryland">Brown v. Maryland</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canton_Railroad_Co._v._Rogan" title="Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan">Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan</a></i> (1951)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Compact_Clause_of_Section_X" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_3:_Compact_Clause" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Compact Clause</a> of Section X</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Florida_v._Georgia_(1855)" title="Florida v. Georgia (1855)">Florida v. Georgia</a></i> (1855)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virginia_v._West_Virginia" title="Virginia v. West Virginia">Virginia v. West Virginia</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virginia_v._Tennessee" title="Virginia v. Tennessee">Virginia v. Tennessee</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wharton_v._Wise" title="Wharton v. Wise">Wharton v. Wise</a></i> (1894)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_New_England#Formation_and_interstate_growth" title="Bank of New England">Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_v._New_York" title="New Jersey v. New York">New Jersey v. New York</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virginia_v._Maryland" title="Virginia v. Maryland">Virginia v. Maryland</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polar_Tankers,_Inc._v._City_of_Valdez" title="Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez">Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._New_Mexico_and_Colorado" title="Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado">Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Fifth_Amendment_case_law" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US5thAmendment" title="Template:US5thAmendment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US5thAmendment" title="Template talk:US5thAmendment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US5thAmendment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US5thAmendment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Fifth_Amendment_case_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">United States Fifth Amendment</a> case law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Fifth_Amendment_criminal_procedure_case_law" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US5thAmendment_crimpro" title="Template:US5thAmendment crimpro"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US5thAmendment_crimpro" title="Template talk:US5thAmendment crimpro"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US5thAmendment_crimpro" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US5thAmendment crimpro"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Fifth_Amendment_criminal_procedure_case_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">United States Fifth Amendment</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_constitutional_criminal_procedure" title="United States constitutional criminal procedure">criminal procedure</a> case law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Grand_Jury_Clause" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grand_juries_in_the_United_States" title="Grand juries in the United States">Grand Jury</a> Clause</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hurtado_v._California" title="Hurtado v. California">Hurtado v. California</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Bain" title="Ex parte Bain">Ex parte Bain</a></i> (1887)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wong_Wing_v._United_States" title="Wong Wing v. United States">Wong Wing v. United States</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_v._Dow" title="Maxwell v. Dow">Maxwell v. Dow</a></i> (1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Moreland" title="United States v. Moreland">United States v. Moreland</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beck_v._Washington" title="Beck v. Washington">Beck v. Washington</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Cotton" title="United States v. Cotton">United States v. Cotton</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Double_Jeopardy_Clause" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Double_Jeopardy_Clause" title="Double Jeopardy Clause">Double Jeopardy Clause</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meaning of "same offense"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blockburger_v._United_States" title="Blockburger v. United States">Blockburger v. United States</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grady_v._Corbin" title="Grady v. Corbin">Grady v. Corbin</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Felix" title="United States v. Felix">United States v. Felix</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Dixon" title="United States v. Dixon">United States v. Dixon</a></i> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After acquittal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Randenbush" class="mw-redirect" title="United States v. Randenbush">United States v. Randenbush</a></i> (1834)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ball_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ball v. United States (page does not exist)">Ball v. United States</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burton_v._United_States" title="Burton v. United States">Burton v. United States</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fong_Foo_v._United_States" title="Fong Foo v. United States">Fong Foo v. United States</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ashe_v._Swenson" title="Ashe v. Swenson">Ashe v. Swenson</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burks_v._United_States" title="Burks v. United States">Burks v. United States</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evans_v._Michigan" title="Evans v. Michigan">Evans v. Michigan</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bravo-Fernandez_v._United_States" title="Bravo-Fernandez v. United States">Bravo-Fernandez v. United States</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McElrath_v._Georgia" title="McElrath v. Georgia">McElrath v. Georgia</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After conviction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Wilson" title="United States v. Wilson">United States v. Wilson</a></i> (1833)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_v._Massachusetts" title="Ludwig v. Massachusetts">Ludwig v. Massachusetts</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grady_v._Corbin" title="Grady v. Corbin">Grady v. Corbin</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Felix" title="United States v. Felix">United States v. Felix</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Dixon" title="United States v. Dixon">United States v. Dixon</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smith_v._United_States_(2023)" title="Smith v. United States (2023)">Smith v. United States</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After mistrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Perez" title="United States v. Perez">United States v. Perez</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Jorn" title="United States v. Jorn">United States v. Jorn</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Dinitz" title="United States v. Dinitz">United States v. Dinitz</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oregon_v._Kennedy" title="Oregon v. Kennedy">Oregon v. Kennedy</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blueford_v._Arkansas" title="Blueford v. Arkansas">Blueford v. Arkansas</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple punishment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blockburger_v._United_States" title="Blockburger v. United States">Blockburger v. United States</a></i> (1932)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dual sovereignty doctrine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Lanza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States v. Lanza (page does not exist)">United States v. Lanza</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bartkus_v._Illinois" title="Bartkus v. Illinois">Bartkus v. Illinois</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waller_v._Florida" title="Waller v. Florida">Waller v. Florida</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Wheeler_(1978)" title="United States v. Wheeler (1978)">United States v. Wheeler</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heath_v._Alabama" title="Heath v. Alabama">Heath v. Alabama</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Lara" title="United States v. Lara">United States v. Lara</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_v._Sanchez_Valle" title="Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle">Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gamble_v._United_States" title="Gamble v. United States">Gamble v. United States</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Denezpi_v._United_States" title="Denezpi v. United States">Denezpi v. United States</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Bigelow" title="Ex parte Bigelow">Ex parte Bigelow</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palko_v._Connecticut" title="Palko v. Connecticut">Palko v. Connecticut</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_ex_rel._Francis_v._Resweber" title="Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber">Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baxstrom_v._Herold" title="Baxstrom v. Herold">Baxstrom v. Herold</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_v._Pearce" title="North Carolina v. Pearce">North Carolina v. Pearce</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benton_v._Maryland" title="Benton v. Maryland">Benton v. Maryland</a></i> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Self-Incrimination_Clause" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Self-Incrimination_Clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-Incrimination Clause">Self-Incrimination Clause</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curcio_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curcio v. United States (page does not exist)">Curcio v. United States</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Griffin_v._California" title="Griffin v. California">Griffin v. California</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miranda_v._Arizona" title="Miranda v. Arizona">Miranda v. Arizona</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulden_v._Holman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulden v. Holman (page does not exist)">Boulden v. Holman</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Williams_v._Florida" title="Williams v. Florida">Williams v. Florida</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michigan_v._Tucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michigan v. Tucker (page does not exist)">Michigan v. Tucker</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edwards_v._Arizona" title="Edwards v. Arizona">Edwards v. Arizona</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oregon_v._Elstad" title="Oregon v. Elstad">Oregon v. Elstad</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doe_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doe v. United States (page does not exist)">Doe v. United States</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Illinois_v._Perkins" title="Illinois v. Perkins">Illinois v. Perkins</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McNeil_v._Wisconsin" title="McNeil v. Wisconsin">McNeil v. Wisconsin</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_v._United_States_(1999)" title="Mitchell v. United States (1999)">Mitchell v. United States</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Hubbell" title="United States v. Hubbell">United States v. Hubbell</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dickerson_v._United_States" title="Dickerson v. United States">Dickerson v. United States</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chavez_v._Martinez" title="Chavez v. Martinez">Chavez v. Martinez</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yarborough_v._Alvarado" title="Yarborough v. Alvarado">Yarborough v. Alvarado</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missouri_v._Seibert" title="Missouri v. Seibert">Missouri v. Seibert</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Patane" title="United States v. Patane">United States v. Patane</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corley_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corley v. United States (page does not exist)">Corley v. United States</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Florida_v._Powell" title="Florida v. Powell">Florida v. Powell</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maryland_v._Shatzer" title="Maryland v. Shatzer">Maryland v. Shatzer</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berghuis_v._Thompkins" title="Berghuis v. Thompkins">Berghuis v. Thompkins</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._D._B._v._North_Carolina" title="J. D. B. v. North Carolina">J. D. B. v. North Carolina</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bobby_v._Dixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby v. Dixon">Bobby v. Dixon</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Howes_v._Fields" title="Howes v. Fields">Howes v. Fields</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salinas_v._Texas" title="Salinas v. Texas">Salinas v. Texas</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vega_v._Tekoh" title="Vega v. Tekoh">Vega v. Tekoh</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Due_Process_Clause" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due Process Clause</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i> (1857)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adair_v._United_States" title="Adair v. United States">Adair v. United States</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adkins_v._Children%27s_Hospital" title="Adkins v. Children's Hospital">Adkins v. Children's Hospital</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichols_v._Coolidge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nichols v. Coolidge (page does not exist)">Nichols v. Coolidge</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Retirement_Board_v._Alton_Railroad_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co.">Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co.</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Carolene_Products_Co." title="United States v. Carolene Products Co.">United States v. Carolene Products Co.</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolling_v._Sharpe" title="Bolling v. Sharpe">Bolling v. Sharpe</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schneider_v._Rusk" title="Schneider v. Rusk">Schneider v. Rusk</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rogers_v._Bellei" title="Rogers v. Bellei">Rogers v. Bellei</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_v._Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richardson v. Davis (page does not exist)">Richardson v. Davis</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frontiero_v._Richardson" title="Frontiero v. Richardson">Frontiero v. Richardson</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_v._Moreno" title="Department of Agriculture v. Moreno">Department of Agriculture v. Moreno</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morton_v._Mancari" title="Morton v. Mancari">Morton v. Mancari</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schlesinger_v._Ballard" title="Schlesinger v. Ballard">Schlesinger v. Ballard</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weinberger_v._Wiesenfeld" title="Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld">Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mathews_v._Eldridge" title="Mathews v. Eldridge">Mathews v. Eldridge</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hills_v._Gautreaux" title="Hills v. Gautreaux">Hills v. Gautreaux</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathews_v._Diaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathews v. Diaz (page does not exist)">Mathews v. Diaz</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_v._Mow_Sun_Wong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong (page does not exist)">Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_v._Davis" title="Washington v. Davis">Washington v. Davis</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathews_v._Lucas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathews v. Lucas (page does not exist)">Mathews v. Lucas</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Califano_v._Goldfarb" title="Califano v. Goldfarb">Califano v. Goldfarb</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Califano_v._Webster" title="Califano v. Webster">Califano v. Webster</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Antelope" title="United States v. Antelope">United States v. Antelope</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fiallo_v._Bell" title="Fiallo v. Bell">Fiallo v. Bell</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califano_v._Torres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Califano v. Torres (page does not exist)">Califano v. Torres</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vance_v._Bradley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vance v. Bradley (page does not exist)">Vance v. Bradley</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Davis_v._Passman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davis v. Passman (page does not exist)">Davis v. Passman</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Califano_v._Westcott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Califano v. Westcott (page does not exist)">Califano v. Westcott</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harris_v._Rosario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harris v. Rosario (page does not exist)">Harris v. Rosario</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harris_v._McRae" title="Harris v. McRae">Harris v. McRae</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fullilove_v._Klutznick" title="Fullilove v. Klutznick">Fullilove v. Klutznick</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rostker_v._Goldberg" title="Rostker v. Goldberg">Rostker v. Goldberg</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heckler_v._Mathews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heckler v. Mathews (page does not exist)">Heckler v. Mathews</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lyng_v._Castillo" title="Lyng v. Castillo">Lyng v. Castillo</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bowen_v._Gilliard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bowen v. Gilliard (page does not exist)">Bowen v. Gilliard</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metro_Broadcasting,_Inc._v._FCC" title="Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC">Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adarand_Constructors,_Inc._v._Pe%C3%B1a" title="Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña">Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miller_v._Albright" title="Miller v. Albright">Miller v. Albright</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nguyen_v._INS" title="Nguyen v. INS">Nguyen v. INS</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zadvydas_v._Davis" title="Zadvydas v. Davis">Zadvydas v. Davis</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flores-Villar_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flores-Villar v. United States (page does not exist)">Flores-Villar v. United States</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Windsor" title="United States v. Windsor">United States v. Windsor</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kerry_v._Din" title="Kerry v. Din">Kerry v. Din</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sessions_v._Morales-Santana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sessions v. Morales-Santana (page does not exist)">Sessions v. Morales-Santana</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California">Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Vaello_Madero" title="United States v. Vaello Madero">United States v. Vaello Madero</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_v._Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Department of State v. Muñoz">Department of State v. Muñoz</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Takings_Clause" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Takings_Clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Takings Clause">Takings Clause</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barron_v._Baltimore" title="Barron v. Baltimore">Barron v. Baltimore</a></i> (1833)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kohl_v._United_States" title="Kohl v. United States">Kohl v. United States</a></i> (1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Lawton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States v. Lawton (page does not exist)">United States v. Lawton</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cole_v._City_of_La_Grange" title="Cole v. City of La Grange">Cole v. City of La Grange</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_v._Amoskeag_Manufacturing_Co." title="Head v. Amoskeag Manufacturing Co.">Head v. Amoskeag Manufacturing Co.</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monongahela_Nav._Co._v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monongahela Nav. Co. v. United States (page does not exist)">Monongahela Nav. Co. v. United States</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Burlington_%26_Quincy_Railroad_Co._v._City_of_Chicago" title="Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago">Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago</a></i> (1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peabody_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peabody v. United States (page does not exist)">Peabody v. United States</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Cress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States v. Cress (page does not exist)">United States v. Cress</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Block_v._Hirsh" title="Block v. Hirsh">Block v. Hirsh</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Coal_Co._v._Mahon" title="Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon">Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seaboard_Air_Line_Ry._Co._v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaboard Air Line Ry. Co. v. United States (page does not exist)">Seaboard Air Line Ry. Co. v. United States</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rindge_Company_v._County_of_Los_Angeles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rindge Company v. County of Los Angeles (page does not exist)">Rindge Company v. County of Los Angeles</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_v._Earle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard v. Earle (page does not exist)">Leonard v. Earle</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Joint_Stock_Land_Bank_v._Radford" title="Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford">Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._General_Motors_Corp.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States v. General Motors Corp. (page does not exist)">United States v. General Motors Corp.</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Causby" title="United States v. Causby">United States v. Causby</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kimball_Laundry_Co._v._United_States" title="Kimball Laundry Co. v. United States">Kimball Laundry Co. v. United States</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Pewee_Coal_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States v. Pewee Coal Co. (page does not exist)">United States v. Pewee Coal Co.</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berman_v._Parker" title="Berman v. Parker">Berman v. Parker</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson_v._City_of_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nelson v. City of New York (page does not exist)">Nelson v. City of New York</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Dow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States v. Dow (page does not exist)">United States v. Dow</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_v._United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Armstrong v. United States">Armstrong v. United States</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penn_Central_Transportation_Co._v._New_York_City" title="Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City">Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiser_Aetna_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaiser Aetna v. United States (page does not exist)">Kaiser Aetna v. United States</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agins_v._City_of_Tiburon" title="Agins v. City of Tiburon">Agins v. City of Tiburon</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Webb%27s_Fabulous_Pharmacies,_Inc._v._Beckwith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Webb's Fabulous Pharmacies, Inc. v. Beckwith (page does not exist)">Webb's Fabulous Pharmacies, Inc. v. Beckwith</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loretto_v._Teleprompter_Manhattan_CATV_Corp." title="Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp.">Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp.</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Housing_Authority_v._Midkiff" title="Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff">Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruckelshaus_v._Montanato_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruckelshaus v. Montanato Company (page does not exist)">Ruckelshaus v. Montanato Company</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Williamson_County_Regional_Planning_Commission_v._Hamilton_Bank_of_Johnson_City" title="Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson City">Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson City</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Riverside_Bayview" title="United States v. Riverside Bayview">United States v. Riverside Bayview</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hodel_v._Irving" title="Hodel v. Irving">Hodel v. Irving</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_English_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_v._Los_Angeles_County" title="First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. Los Angeles County">First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. Los Angeles County</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nollan_v._California_Coastal_Commission" title="Nollan v. California Coastal Commission">Nollan v. California Coastal Commission</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennell_v._City_of_San_Jose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pennell v. City of San Jose (page does not exist)">Pennell v. City of San Jose</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preseault_v._Interstate_Commerce_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preseault v. Interstate Commerce Commission (page does not exist)">Preseault v. Interstate Commerce Commission</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yee_v._City_of_Escondido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yee v. City of Escondido (page does not exist)">Yee v. City of Escondido</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucas_v._South_Carolina_Coastal_Council" title="Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council">Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolan_v._City_of_Tigard" title="Dolan v. City of Tigard">Dolan v. City of Tigard</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babbitt_v._Youpee" title="Babbitt v. Youpee">Babbitt v. Youpee</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suitum_v._Tahoe_Regional_Planning_Agency" title="Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency">Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phillips_v._Washington_Legal_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phillips v. Washington Legal Foundation (page does not exist)">Phillips v. Washington Legal Foundation</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Enterprises_v._Apfel" title="Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel">Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palazzolo_v._Rhode_Island" title="Palazzolo v. Rhode Island">Palazzolo v. Rhode Island</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tahoe-Sierra_Preservation_Council,_Inc._v._Tahoe_Regional_Planning_Agency" title="Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency">Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_v._Legal_Foundation_of_Washington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brown v. Legal Foundation of Washington (page does not exist)">Brown v. Legal Foundation of Washington</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lingle_v._Chevron_U.S.A._Inc." title="Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc.">Lingle v. 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