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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peamenüü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigeerimine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Esileht" title="Mine esilehele [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Esileht</span></a></li><li id="n-generaldiscussion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:%C3%9Cldine_arutelu"><span>Üldine arutelu</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Viimased_muudatused" title="Vikis tehtud viimaste muudatuste loend [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Viimased muudatused</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Juhuslik_artikkel" title="Mine juhuslikule leheküljele [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Juhuslik lehekülg</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sisukord" title="Kuidas redigeerida"><span>Juhend</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Kontakteeru_meiega"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trüki või ekspordi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Raamat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=MESSENGER"><span>Koosta raamat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:DownloadAsPdf&page=MESSENGER&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laadi alla PDF-failina</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&printable=yes" title="Selle lehe trükiversioon [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Prinditav versioon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Esileht" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipeedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-et.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-et.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div 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id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et" class=""><span>Anneta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=MESSENGER" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida." class=""><span>Loo konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=MESSENGER" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logi sisse</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Veel valikuid" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Isiklikud lehed" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Isiklikud lehed</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kasutajamenüü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et"><span>Anneta</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=MESSENGER" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Loo konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=MESSENGER" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logi sisse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sisselogimata kasutaja leheküljed <a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sissejuhatus" aria-label="Lisateave redigeerimise kohta"><span>lisateave</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_kaast%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="Sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste loend [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kaastöö</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_aruteluleht" title="Arutelu sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste kohta [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ülevaade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ülevaade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ülevaade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ülevaade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taust</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taust-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Taust"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mariner_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mariner_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mariner 10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mariner_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uue_missiooni_ettepanekud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uue_missiooni_ettepanekud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Uue missiooni ettepanekud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uue_missiooni_ettepanekud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eesmärgid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eesmärgid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Eesmärgid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eesmärgid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konstruktsioon_ja_seadmed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstruktsioon_ja_seadmed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Konstruktsioon ja seadmed</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Konstruktsioon_ja_seadmed-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Konstruktsioon ja seadmed"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Konstruktsioon_ja_seadmed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Käitursüsteem_ja_asendikontroll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Käitursüsteem_ja_asendikontroll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Käitursüsteem ja asendikontroll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Käitursüsteem_ja_asendikontroll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Side" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Side</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elekter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elekter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Elekter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elekter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arvutid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arvutid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Arvutid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arvutid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teadusseadmed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teadusseadmed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Teadusseadmed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teadusseadmed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teekond_Merkuurile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teekond_Merkuurile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Teekond Merkuurile</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teekond_Merkuurile-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Teekond Merkuurile"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teekond_Merkuurile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Start_ja_trajektoor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Start_ja_trajektoor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Start ja trajektoor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Start_ja_trajektoor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maast_möödalend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maast_möödalend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Maast möödalend</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maast_möödalend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaks_möödalendu_Veenusest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaks_möödalendu_Veenusest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Kaks möödalendu Veenusest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaks_möödalendu_Veenusest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolm_möödalendu_Merkuurist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolm_möödalendu_Merkuurist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Kolm möödalendu Merkuurist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolm_möödalendu_Merkuurist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sisenemine_Merkuuri_orbiidile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sisenemine_Merkuuri_orbiidile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Sisenemine Merkuuri orbiidile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sisenemine_Merkuuri_orbiidile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missioon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missioon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Missioon</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Missioon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Missioon"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Missioon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pikendatud_missioon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pikendatud_missioon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pikendatud missioon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pikendatud_missioon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vee,_orgaaniliste_ainete_ja_vulkanismi_avastamine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vee,_orgaaniliste_ainete_ja_vulkanismi_avastamine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Vee, orgaaniliste ainete ja vulkanismi avastamine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vee,_orgaaniliste_ainete_ja_vulkanismi_avastamine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Päikesesüsteemi_perepilt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Päikesesüsteemi_perepilt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Päikesesüsteemi perepilt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Päikesesüsteemi_perepilt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missiooni_lõpp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missiooni_lõpp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Missiooni lõpp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missiooni_lõpp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisukord" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">MESSENGER</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 55 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A)" title="ماسنجر (مسبار فضائي) – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماسنجر (مسبار فضائي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="মেসেঞ্জার (মহাকাশযান) – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেসেঞ্জার (মহাকাশযান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%A1)" title="Месэнджар (АМС) – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Месэнджар (АМС)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%94%D0%96%D0%AA%D0%A0" title="МЕСИНДЖЪР – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="МЕСИНДЖЪР" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1_(%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="مسنجر (فضاپیما) – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسنجر (فضاپیما)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_(sonda_espacial)" title="Messenger (sonda espacial) – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Messenger (sonda espacial)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%8B%A0%EC%A0%80_(%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%A0)" title="메신저 (우주선) – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메신저 (우주선)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="मेसेंजर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेसेंजर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%A8_(%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="מסנג'ר (גשושית) – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסנג'ר (גשושית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಮೆಸ್ಸೆಂಜರ್ ಗಗನನೌಕೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಸ್ಸೆಂಜರ್ ಗಗನನೌಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC" title="മെസെഞ്ചർ – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെസെഞ്ചർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC_(%E6%8E%A2%E6%9F%BB%E6%A9%9F)" title="メッセンジャー (探査機) – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メッセンジャー (探査機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_(sonde)" title="Messenger (sonde) – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Messenger (sonde)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮੈਸਿੰਜਰ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਸਿੰਜਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1_(%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DA%88%DB%8C)" title="میسنجر (خلائی گڈی) – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میسنجر (خلائی گڈی)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER_(sonda_kosmiczna)" title="MESSENGER (sonda kosmiczna) – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="MESSENGER (sonda kosmiczna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%A1)" title="Мессенджер (АМС) – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мессенджер (АМС)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B1_(%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="مێسنجەر (کەشتیی ئاسمانی) – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێسنجەر (کەشتیی ئاسمانی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_(luotain)" title="Messenger (luotain) – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Messenger (luotain)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_(rymdsond)" title="Messenger (rymdsond) – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Messenger (rymdsond)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="மெசஞ்சர் (விண்கலம்) – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெசஞ்சர் (விண்கலம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8)" title="เมสเซนเจอร์ (ยานอวกาศ) – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมสเซนเจอร์ (ยานอวกาศ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER_(uzay_sondas%C4%B1)" title="MESSENGER (uzay sondası) – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="MESSENGER (uzay sondası)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="MESSENGER" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1_(%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B2)" title="میسنجر (خلائی جہاز) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میسنجر (خلائی جہاز)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B7" title="信使号 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="信使号" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182539#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arutelu:MESSENGER&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta (pole veel kirjutatud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Muuda keelevarianti" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">eesti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="vaatamisi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=history" title="Selle lehekülje varasemad redaktsioonid [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tööriistad" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tööriistad</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tööriistad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Veel võimalusi" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Toimingud </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/MESSENGER" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/MESSENGER" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&oldid=6727414" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=MESSENGER&id=6727414&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" 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th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style></div><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width:25em;"><caption>MESSENGER</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_spacecraft_at_mercury_-_atmercury_lg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/MESSENGER_-_spacecraft_at_mercury_-_atmercury_lg.jpg/260px-MESSENGER_-_spacecraft_at_mercury_-_atmercury_lg.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/MESSENGER_-_spacecraft_at_mercury_-_atmercury_lg.jpg/390px-MESSENGER_-_spacecraft_at_mercury_-_atmercury_lg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/MESSENGER_-_spacecraft_at_mercury_-_atmercury_lg.jpg/520px-MESSENGER_-_spacecraft_at_mercury_-_atmercury_lg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2130" data-file-height="1737" /></a></span><div>Kunstniku kujutis MESSENGER-ist Merkuuri orbiidil</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Operaator</th><td> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/COSPAR_ID" title="COSPAR ID">COSPAR ID</a></th><td> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2004-030A">2004-030A</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/SATCAT" class="mw-redirect" title="SATCAT">SATCAT</a></th><td> 28391</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Koduleht</th><td> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/">MESSENGER</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Missiooni kestus</th><td> 4. aprill 2011–30. aprill 2015</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Kosmoseaparaadi omadused</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Tootja</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Applied_Physics_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Applied Physics Laboratory (pole veel kirjutatud)">APL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Stardimass</th><td> 1107,9 kg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Võimsus</th><td> 450 <a href="/wiki/Vatt" title="Vatt">W</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Missiooni algus</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Stardi aeg</th><td> 06.15.56, 3. august 2004 (UTC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kanderakett" title="Kanderakett">Kanderakett</a></th><td> <a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Stardikompleks</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Canaverali_stardikompleks_17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape Canaverali stardikompleks 17 (pole veel kirjutatud)">Cape Canaverali stardikompleks 17</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Käikuandmise aeg</th><td> <a href="/wiki/4._aprill" title="4. aprill">4. aprill</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Missiooni lõpp</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Kõrvaldamine</th><td> langetati orbiidilt</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Kõrvaldamise aeg</th><td> 19.26.00, 30. aprill 2015 (UTC)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Orbiidi elemendid</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Taustsüsteem</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermiotsentriline_orbiit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermiotsentriline orbiit (pole veel kirjutatud)">hermiotsentriline orbiit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Apsiid_(astronoomia)" title="Apsiid (astronoomia)">Periapsiid</a></th><td> 200 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Apsiid_(astronoomia)" title="Apsiid (astronoomia)">Apoapsiid</a></th><td> 10300 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Orbiidi_kalle" title="Orbiidi kalle">Orbiidi kalle</a></th><td> 80 kraadi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiidi_periood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbiidi periood (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tiirlemisperiood</a></th><td> 12 h</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_mission_emblem.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/MESSENGER_mission_emblem.png/180px-MESSENGER_mission_emblem.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/MESSENGER_mission_emblem.png/270px-MESSENGER_mission_emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/MESSENGER_mission_emblem.png/360px-MESSENGER_mission_emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2204" /></a></span><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Discovery_programm" title="Discovery programm">Discovery programm</a></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/w/index.php?title=CONTOUR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CONTOUR (pole veel kirjutatud)">CONTOUR</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deep_Impact_(kosmoseaparaat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deep Impact (kosmoseaparaat) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Deep Impact</a> →</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>MESSENGER</b> (<b>MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging</b> ('Merkuuri pind, kosmosekeskkond, geokeemia ja korrastamine') oli <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Kosmosesond" title="Kosmosesond">kosmosesond</a>, mis startis <a href="/wiki/3._august" title="3. august">3. augustil</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> <a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a> raketi pardal, et uurida <a href="/wiki/Orbiit" title="Orbiit">orbiidilt</a> <a href="/wiki/Planeet" title="Planeet">planeedi</a> <a href="/wiki/Merkuur" title="Merkuur">Merkuur</a> omadusi ja keskkonda.<sup id="cite_ref-Depth_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Depth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eesmärgiks oli uurida Merkuuri pinna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_koostis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keemiline koostis (pole veel kirjutatud)">keemilist koostist</a>, planeedi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoloogiline_ajalugu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoloogiline ajalugu (pole veel kirjutatud)">geoloogilist ajalugu</a>, tema <a href="/wiki/Magnetv%C3%A4li" title="Magnetväli">magnetvälja</a> allikat, Merkuuri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planeedi_tuum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planeedi tuum (pole veel kirjutatud)">tuuma</a> mõõtmeid ja olekut, Merkuuri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taevakeha_poolus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taevakeha poolus (pole veel kirjutatud)">pooluste</a> lenduvat ainet ning planeedi <a href="/wiki/Eksosf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Eksosfäär">eksosfääri</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Magnetosf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Magnetosfäär">magnetosfääri</a> loomust orbiidilt.<sup id="cite_ref-NSSDC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSSDC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Missiooni kestuseks oli ette nähtud üks <a href="/wiki/Maa_(planeet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maa (planeet)">Maa</a> aasta.<sup id="cite_ref-Crash_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crash-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>See oli esimene Merkuuri külastus rohkem kui 30 aasta jooksul. Varem oli Merkuuri juures käinud ainult <a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a>, mille töö lõppes märtsis <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Amazing_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazing-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-First_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MESSENGER-i skannimisvõime oli tunduvalt parem. Kaamerate <a href="/wiki/Lahutusv%C3%B5ime" title="Lahutusvõime">lahutusvõime</a> oli 18 m (Mariner 10-l 1,6 km). Samuti oli MESSENGER-il võimalik pildistada kogu planeeti (Mariner 10-l oli võimalik vaadelda ainult seda poolkera, mis oli tema möödalendude ajal valgustatud.<sup id="cite_ref-Mariner_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mariner-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MESSENGER-i nimi tähendab otsetõlkes ka sõnumitoojat. See on vihje jumalate sõnumitoojale <a href="/wiki/Mercurius" title="Mercurius">Mercuriusele</a> vanarooma mütoloogias. </p><p>Sond sisenes Merkuuri orbiidile <a href="/wiki/18._m%C3%A4rts" title="18. märts">18. märtsil</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Orbit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orbit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>30. aprillil 2015 tabas MESSENGER Merkuuri pinda, millega lõppes sondi kaks korda pikenenud missioon.<sup id="cite_ref-Hüvasti_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hüvasti-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ülevaade"><span id=".C3.9Clevaade"></span>Ülevaade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ülevaade"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ülevaade" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MESSENGER alustas Merkuuri kohta informatsiooni kogumist 4. aprillil 2001 ja põhimissioon lõppes 17. märtsil 2012, olles pildistanud Merkuurist umbes 100 000 fotot. MESSENGER sai kogu Merkuuri pinna pildistatud 6. märtsil 2013 ja lõpetas oma esimese missioonipikenduse 17. märtsil 2013. Teine missioonipikendus kestis üle kahe aasta, aga sel ajal oli sondi orbiit langemas ning MESSENGER pidi ennast aeg-ajalt kõrgemale tõukama. Viimast korda tõsteti MESSENGERi orbiiti 24. oktoobril 2014 ja 21. jaanuaril 2015<sup id="cite_ref-Reboost_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reboost-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. MESSENGER kukkus Merkuuri pinnale 30. aprillil 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-End_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-End-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MESSENGER saatis Merkuuri orbiidil olles märkimisväärselt teavet ja muuhulgas uuris sond Merkuuri magnetvälja ja leidis planeedi põhjapooluselt jääd, mille olemasolu oli Maalt tehtud uuringute tulemuste põhjal kahtlustatud juba pikemat aega.<sup id="cite_ref-Ice_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ice-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Water_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Water-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taust">Taust</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Taust"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Taust" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mariner_10">Mariner 10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Mariner 10"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Mariner 10" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1973. aastal startis <a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a>, mis pidi korduvalt mööduma Veenusest ja Merkuurist. Missioon kogus esmakordselt üksikasjalikku infot Merkuuri kohta ning kaardistas 40–45% selle pinnast.<sup id="cite_ref-Shrinking_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shrinking-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mariner 10 sooritas 16. märtsil 1975 viimase möödalennu Merkuurist ning pärast seda ei külastanud ükski missioon planeeti rohkem kui 30 aastat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uue_missiooni_ettepanekud">Uue missiooni ettepanekud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Uue missiooni ettepanekud"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Uue missiooni ettepanekud" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1998. aastal ilmus uuring, mis kirjeldas võimalust saata Merkuuri orbiidile kosmosesond, sest planeet oli võrdlemisi vähe uuritud. Mariner 10 missiooni lõppemise järel tehtud ettepanekud olid olnud liiga kulukad, sest need eeldasid suure koguse kütuse kaasavõtmist ning suure kanderaketi kasutamist. Lisaks on kosmosesondi Merkuuri orbiidile sisenemine väga keeruline, kuna Maalt otse Merkuurile suunduv kosmosesond kiireneks <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ike" title="Päike">Päikese</a> <a href="/wiki/Gravitatsioon" title="Gravitatsioon">gravitatsiooni</a> mõjul sedavõrd, et see liiguks Merkuuri juurde jõudmise ajaks liiga kiiresti, et orbiidile siseneda. Lahendus sellele probleemile leiti 1985. aastal, kui Chen-wan Yeni arvutatud trajektoori kasutades saaks kosmosesondi kiirust möödalendudega Maast ja Veenusest aeglustada ning see vähendaks tunduvalt kaasavõetava kütuse kogust. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eesmärgid"><span id="Eesm.C3.A4rgid"></span>Eesmärgid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Eesmärgid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Eesmärgid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Merkuuri eesmärgiks oli uurida orbiidilt Merkuuri ja selle keskkonda. Missiooni teaduslikud eesmärgid olid järgmised:<sup id="cite_ref-NSSDC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSSDC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Discovery_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discovery-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Merkuuri pinna keemilise koostise väljaselgitamine</li> <li>Planeedi geoloogilise ajaloo uurimine</li> <li>Merkuuri magnetvälja uurimine</li> <li>Planeedi tuuma suuruse ja seisundi väljaselgitamine</li> <li>Merkuuri pooluste uurimine</li> <li>Merkuuri <a href="/wiki/Eksosf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Eksosfäär">eksosfääri</a> uurimine</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konstruktsioon_ja_seadmed">Konstruktsioon ja seadmed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Konstruktsioon ja seadmed"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Konstruktsioon ja seadmed" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MESSENGER projekteeriti ja ehitati John Hopkinsi Ülikooli rakendusliku füüsika laboris. Sond oli 1,85 m pikk, 1,42 m lai ja 1,27 m sügav. Stardil kaalus sond 1100 kg. MESSENGER-i missiooni maksumuseks (koos ehituskuludega) on hinnatud 450 miljonit dollarit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Käitursüsteem_ja_asendikontroll"><span id="K.C3.A4iturs.C3.BCsteem_ja_asendikontroll"></span>Käitursüsteem ja asendikontroll</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Käitursüsteem ja asendikontroll"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Käitursüsteem ja asendikontroll" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MESSENGER-i peamootor suutis tõukejõudu toota 645 <a href="/wiki/Njuuton" title="Njuuton">njuutonit</a>, peamootori projekteeris ja ehitas AMPAC‐ISP’s Westcott. Sondi pardal oli kütust ja survestina kasutatud <a href="/wiki/Heelium" title="Heelium">heeliumi</a> kokku 607,8 kg. </p><p>MESSENGER-i suunda juhiti peamootori töötamise ajal nelja tõukuriga, millest igaüks tootis tõukejõudu 22 njuutonit. Sondi asendit juhiti kaheteistkümne väiksema tõukuriga, millest igaüks suutis tõukejõudu toota 4,4 njuutonit. Täpseks asendimääramiseks kasutati ka <a href="/wiki/Hooratas" title="Hooratas">hoorataste</a> süsteemi. Asendijuhtimissüsteemi tarbeks kogusid informatsiooni tähtede jälgimise seade, inertsiaalne mõõteseade ja kuus päikeseandurit.<sup id="cite_ref-Press_Kit_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press_Kit-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Side">Side</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Side"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Side" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kosmosesondi pardal oli <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCvakosmose_sidev%C3%B5rk" title="Süvakosmose sidevõrk">Süvakosmose sidevõrguga</a> sidepidamiseks kaks <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCvakosmose_transponder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süvakosmose transponder (pole veel kirjutatud)">süvakosmose transponderit</a>. Sidepidamiseks oli sondil kolm antenni, millest suure võimendusega antenn oli ainult saatja ning edastas informatsiooni sagedusel 8,4 GHz. Keskmise ja väikese võimendusega antennid olid võimelised signaale nii vastu võtma kui ka saatma. Antennid kasutasid saatmisel sagedust 8,4 GHz ja vastuvõtul sagedust 7,2 GHz. Kolmest antennist üks oli paigaldatud sondi päikesepoolsele küljele ning teine sond varjus olevale küljele.<sup id="cite_ref-Antenna_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antenna-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elekter">Elekter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Elekter"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Elekter" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_installation_of_solar_panels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/MESSENGER_-_installation_of_solar_panels.jpg/300px-MESSENGER_-_installation_of_solar_panels.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/MESSENGER_-_installation_of_solar_panels.jpg/450px-MESSENGER_-_installation_of_solar_panels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/MESSENGER_-_installation_of_solar_panels.jpg/600px-MESSENGER_-_installation_of_solar_panels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>MESSENGER-i päikesepaneelid paigaldamise ajal</figcaption></figure> <p>Kosmosesondile tootsid elektrit kaks kahest paneelist koosnevat päikesepaneeli, mis olid valmistatud <a href="/wiki/Galliumarseniid" title="Galliumarseniid">galliumarseniidist</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium">germaaniumist</a>. Kõik paneelid olid pööratavad ning nende küljes olid optilised päikesepeegeldid, et tasakaalustada paneeli temperatuuri. Toodetud elekter salvestati <a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">nikkel</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">vesinikakusse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arvutid">Arvutid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Arvutid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Arvutid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MESSENGER-i pardal olev arvutisüsteem oli koondatud integreeritud elektroonikamoodulisse (IEM), mis tähendas, et põhiline <a href="/wiki/Avioonika" title="Avioonika">avioonika</a> oli ühes moodulis. Arvuti peaprotsessoriteks olid IBM-i RAD6000 protsessorid, mida oli <a href="/wiki/Radioaktiivsus" title="Radioaktiivsus">radiatsiooni</a> vastu tugevdatud. Süsteemi töökindluse tagamiseks oli integreeritud elektroonikamooduleid kaks tükki ja kasutusel ka veakaitseprotsessor, mis oli peaprotsessoritest nõrgem. Andmete salvestamisel kasutati kahte gigabitist <a href="/wiki/Pooljuhtketas" title="Pooljuhtketas">pooljuhtketast</a>. Süsteem oli projekteeritud nii, et andmete töötlemisel kogusid RAD6000 protsessorid informatsiooni ja <a href="/wiki/Andmete_pakkimine" title="Andmete pakkimine">tihendasid</a> selle ning seejärel salvestasid selle pooljuhtketastele, et see hiljem Maale saata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teadusseadmed">Teadusseadmed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Teadusseadmed"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Teadusseadmed" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Pilt </th> <th scope="col" style="width:135px;">Nimetus </th> <th scope="col" style="width:50px;">Lühend </th> <th scope="col">Kirjeldus ja eesmärgid </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_MDIS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/MESSENGER_-_MDIS.jpg/150px-MESSENGER_-_MDIS.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/MESSENGER_-_MDIS.jpg/225px-MESSENGER_-_MDIS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/MESSENGER_-_MDIS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="241" /></a></span></td> <td>Merkuuri topeltpildistamise süsteem</td> <td><b>MDIS</b></td> <td>MDIS sisaldas kahte CCD-sensoriga kaamerat, kitsasnurk- ning lainurkkaamerat, mis olid paigutatud pöörlevale platvormile. Kaamerasüsteem kaardistas resolutsiooniga 250 m/piksel ära Merkuuri pinna ja pildistas geoloogiliselt huvitavamaid regioone resolutsiooniga 20–50 m/piksel. Süsteem kasutas värviliste fotode tegemiseks pöörlevat filtrit, mis oli kinnitatud lainurkkaamera külge<sup id="cite_ref-MDIS_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDIS-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_GRS_-_GRNS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/MESSENGER_-_GRS_-_GRNS.jpg/146px-MESSENGER_-_GRS_-_GRNS.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/MESSENGER_-_GRS_-_GRNS.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="205" /></a></span></td> <td>Gammakiirguse spektromeeter</td> <td><b>GRS</b></td> <td>GRS mõõtis gammakiirguse Merkuuri pinnast eraldumist, et teha kindlaks planeedi keemiline koostis, tuvastades kindlaid keemilisi elemente (<a href="/wiki/Hapnik" title="Hapnik">hapnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ni" title="Räni">räni</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4%C3%A4vel" title="Väävel">väävel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raud" title="Raud">raud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">vesinik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaalium" title="Kaalium">kaalium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toorium" title="Toorium">toorium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uraan" title="Uraan">uraan</a>) kuni 10 cm sügavuselt<sup id="cite_ref-GRNS_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRNS-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_NS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/MESSENGER_-_NS.jpg/150px-MESSENGER_-_NS.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/MESSENGER_-_NS.jpg/225px-MESSENGER_-_NS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/MESSENGER_-_NS.jpg/300px-MESSENGER_-_NS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></td> <td>Neutronspektromeeter</td> <td><b>NS</b></td> <td>NS uuris kuni 40 cm sügavusel leiduva vesiniku mineraalset koostist, otsides madala laenguga neutrone, mis tekkisid kosmiliste kiirte kokkupõrkel mineraalidega.<sup id="cite_ref-GRNS_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRNS-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_XRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/MESSENGER_-_XRS.jpg/150px-MESSENGER_-_XRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/MESSENGER_-_XRS.jpg/225px-MESSENGER_-_XRS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/MESSENGER_-_XRS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="191" /></a></span></td> <td>Röntgenspektroskoop</td> <td><b>XRS</b></td> <td>XRS kaardistas Merkuuri pinnal leiduvaid mineraale, otsides <a href="/wiki/Magneesium" title="Magneesium">magneesiumist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alumiinium" title="Alumiinium">alumiiniumist</a>, väävlist, <a href="/wiki/Kaltsium" title="Kaltsium">kaltsiumist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titaan" title="Titaan">titaanist</a> ja rauast eralduvat röntgenikiirgust.<sup id="cite_ref-XRS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XRS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_MAG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/MESSENGER_-_MAG.jpg/150px-MESSENGER_-_MAG.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/MESSENGER_-_MAG.jpg/225px-MESSENGER_-_MAG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/MESSENGER_-_MAG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="188" /></a></span></td> <td>Magnetomeeter</td> <td><b>MAG</b></td> <td>MAG mõõtis Merkuuri magnetvälja, et saada teada selle tugevus ja asend.<sup id="cite_ref-MAG_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAG-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSEBGER_-_MLA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MESSEBGER_-_MLA.jpg/150px-MESSEBGER_-_MLA.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MESSEBGER_-_MLA.jpg/225px-MESSEBGER_-_MLA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/MESSEBGER_-_MLA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="225" /></a></span></td> <td>Merkuuri laseraltimeeter</td> <td><b>MLA</b></td> <td>MLA mõõtis Merkuuri pinnavormide kõrgust, tuvastades mõõtmistel Merkuuri pinnalt tagasi põrkunud infrapunalaseri laserkiire.<sup id="cite_ref-MLA_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_MASCS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/MESSENGER_-_MASCS.jpg/107px-MESSENGER_-_MASCS.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/MESSENGER_-_MASCS.jpg/161px-MESSENGER_-_MASCS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/MESSENGER_-_MASCS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></td> <td>Merkuuri atmosfääri- ja pinnakompositsiooni spektromeeter</td> <td><b>MASCS</b></td> <td>MASCS uuris Merkuuri atmosfääri, mõõtes ultraviolettkiirgust ja määrates kindlaks planeedi pinnal leiduva raua ja titaani esinemissageduse, kasutades selleks infrapunavalgust.<sup id="cite_ref-MASCS_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MASCS-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_EPPS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MESSENGER_-_EPPS.jpg/80px-MESSENGER_-_EPPS.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MESSENGER_-_EPPS.jpg/121px-MESSENGER_-_EPPS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MESSENGER_-_EPPS.jpg/161px-MESSENGER_-_EPPS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></td> <td>Energiaosakeste ja plasmaspektromeeter</td> <td><b>EPPS</b></td> <td>EPPS mõõtis Merkuuri atmosfääris leiduvaid laetud osakesi, kasutades selleks Energetic Particle Spectrometerit (EPS) ja Merkuuri pinnalt tulevaid laetud osakesi, kasutades selleks Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometerit (FIPS).<sup id="cite_ref-EPPS_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPPS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Raadioteadus</td> <td><b>RS</b></td> <td>RS mõõtis Merkuuri gravitatsiooni ja planeedi tuuma seisundit, kasutades selleks MESSENGER-i asukoha andmeid.<sup id="cite_ref-RS_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RS-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_Sonda.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/MESSENGER_-_Sonda.png/350px-MESSENGER_-_Sonda.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/MESSENGER_-_Sonda.png/525px-MESSENGER_-_Sonda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/MESSENGER_-_Sonda.png/700px-MESSENGER_-_Sonda.png 2x" data-file-width="1533" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>MESSENGER-i teadusseadmete paigutus</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teekond_Merkuurile">Teekond Merkuurile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Teekond Merkuurile"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Teekond Merkuurile" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Start_ja_trajektoor">Start ja trajektoor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Start ja trajektoor"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Start ja trajektoor" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_launch_on_Delta_7925_rocket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/MESSENGER_launch_on_Delta_7925_rocket.jpg/220px-MESSENGER_launch_on_Delta_7925_rocket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/MESSENGER_launch_on_Delta_7925_rocket.jpg/330px-MESSENGER_launch_on_Delta_7925_rocket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/MESSENGER_launch_on_Delta_7925_rocket.jpg/440px-MESSENGER_launch_on_Delta_7925_rocket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2225" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>MESSENGER-i start</figcaption></figure> <p>MESSENGER startis Cape Canaveralit, 3. augustil 2004, kell 6:15 (UTC). Start kestis 57 minutit ja MESSENGER suundus kiirusel 10,68 km/s heliotsentrilisele orbiidile ning alustas teekonda Merkuurile, mis oli 7,9 miljardit kilomeetrit pikk ning kestis 6 aastat 7 kuud ja 16 päeva.<sup id="cite_ref-Press_Kit_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press_Kit-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Merkuurile lendamine eeldab ülisuurt kiirusemuutust, sest planeedi orbiit on tugevalt mõjutatud Päikese gravitatsioonist ning Merkuuri poole suunduvat kosmoselaeva hakkab Päikese gravitatsioon kiirendama. See tähendab, et Merkuurile jõudmise ajaks on kosmoselaeva kiirus sedavõrd suurenenud, et see ei saa planeedi orbiidile jääda, kulutamata aeglustamiseks suurt kogust kütust.<sup id="cite_ref-Becomes_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Becomes-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sondid saavad atmosfääriga planeetide orbiidile jäädes kasutada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeropidurdus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeropidurdus (pole veel kirjutatud)">aeropidurdust</a>, kasutades planeedi atmosfääri, et orbiidi korrigeerida, kuid Merkuuri atmosfäär on selliste manöövrite jaoks liiga õhuke<sup id="cite_ref-Facts_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facts-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aeropidurduse asemel kasutas MESSENGER möödalende Maast, <a href="/wiki/Veenus" title="Veenus">Veenusest</a> ja Merkuurist, et kahandada oma kiirust Merkuuri suhtes ning orbiidile sisenemisel oma peamootorit, et jääda väga elliptilisele orbiidile tiirlema.<sup id="cite_ref-Facts_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Facts-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitmete möödalendude tegemine kahandas tunduvalt kaasavõetava kütuse kogust, kuid see pikendas teekonda Merkuurile mitmeid aastaid ja 7,9 miljardi kilomeetrini. </p><p>Teekonnal Merkuurile otsustati mitmed tõukurite abil läbi viia plaanitud orbiidi korrigeerimised ära jätta, sest need manöövrid tehti tõukurite asemel Päikese radiatsiooni survet kasutades, mis mõjus MESSENGER-i päikesepaneelidele.<sup id="cite_ref-Sail_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sail-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kütuse koguse vähendamiseks otsustati, et sond jääb Merkuurile jõudes väga elliptilisele orbiidile. Lisaks kütusekoguse vähenemisele oli orbiidi valimisel olulised veel kaks põhjust: orbiit võimaldas sondil Päikese ja tulikuuma Merkuuri pinna vahel oleku järel jahtuda ning sond sai uurida erinevatelt kaugustelt <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ikesetuul" title="Päikesetuul">päikesetuule</a> ja Merkuuri magnetvälja mõjusid. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_exploded_launch_vehicle_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description" title="MESSENGER-i orbiidile viinud kanderaketi diagramm"><img alt="MESSENGER-i orbiidile viinud kanderaketi diagramm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/MESSENGER_-_exploded_launch_vehicle_diagram.png/120px-MESSENGER_-_exploded_launch_vehicle_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/MESSENGER_-_exploded_launch_vehicle_diagram.png/180px-MESSENGER_-_exploded_launch_vehicle_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/MESSENGER_-_exploded_launch_vehicle_diagram.png/240px-MESSENGER_-_exploded_launch_vehicle_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="975" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">MESSENGER-i orbiidile viinud kanderaketi diagramm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_trajectory.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="MESSENGER-i trajektoor"><img alt="MESSENGER-i trajektoor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/MESSENGER_trajectory.svg/120px-MESSENGER_trajectory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/MESSENGER_trajectory.svg/180px-MESSENGER_trajectory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/MESSENGER_trajectory.svg/240px-MESSENGER_trajectory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="759" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">MESSENGER-i trajektoor</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maast_möödalend"><span id="Maast_m.C3.B6.C3.B6dalend"></span>Maast möödalend</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Maast möödalend"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Maast möödalend" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MESSENGER sooritas aasta pärast starti, 2. augustil 2005, möödalennu Maast. Sond oli Maale kõige lähemal kell 19:13 (UTC), olles siis 2347 km kaugusel.<sup id="cite_ref-Swing_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swing-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maast möödumise ajal pildistas sond Maad ja <a href="/wiki/Kuu" title="Kuu">Kuud</a>, kasutades selleks MDIS-i, ning testis mitmeid oma seadmeid, uurides Maa ja Kuu pinda, atmosfääri ja magnetvälja.<sup id="cite_ref-Swing_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swing-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See oli vajalik, et veenduda sondi seadmete töökorras olekus, ning võimaldas inseneridel asuda varakult tegelema leitud pisivigadega. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGERearth.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MESSENGER-i foto Maast"><img alt="MESSENGER-i foto Maast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MESSENGERearth.jpg/120px-MESSENGERearth.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MESSENGERearth.jpg/180px-MESSENGERearth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MESSENGERearth.jpg/240px-MESSENGERearth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">MESSENGER-i foto Maast</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:View_of_Earth_from_MESSENGER.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MESSENGER-i foto Maast"><img alt="MESSENGER-i foto Maast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_of_Earth_from_MESSENGER.jpg/120px-View_of_Earth_from_MESSENGER.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_of_Earth_from_MESSENGER.jpg/180px-View_of_Earth_from_MESSENGER.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_of_Earth_from_MESSENGER.jpg/240px-View_of_Earth_from_MESSENGER.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">MESSENGER-i foto Maast</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Earth_and_Moon_seen_from_183_million_kilometers_by_MESSENGER.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Maa ja Kuu (all vasakul) pildistatuna 183 miljoni kilomeetri kauguselt"><img alt="Maa ja Kuu (all vasakul) pildistatuna 183 miljoni kilomeetri kauguselt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Earth_and_Moon_seen_from_183_million_kilometers_by_MESSENGER.png/119px-Earth_and_Moon_seen_from_183_million_kilometers_by_MESSENGER.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Earth_and_Moon_seen_from_183_million_kilometers_by_MESSENGER.png/179px-Earth_and_Moon_seen_from_183_million_kilometers_by_MESSENGER.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Earth_and_Moon_seen_from_183_million_kilometers_by_MESSENGER.png/239px-Earth_and_Moon_seen_from_183_million_kilometers_by_MESSENGER.png 2x" data-file-width="1018" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maa ja Kuu (all vasakul) pildistatuna 183 miljoni kilomeetri kauguselt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mdis_depart_anot.ogv/120px--Mdis_depart_anot.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="110" data-durationhint="12" data-mwtitle="Mdis_depart_anot.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Mdis_depart_anot.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="400" data-height="366" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Mdis_depart_anot.ogv/Mdis_depart_anot.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="158" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Mdis_depart_anot.ogv/Mdis_depart_anot.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="262" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Mdis_depart_anot.ogv/Mdis_depart_anot.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="394" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Mdis_depart_anot.ogv/Mdis_depart_anot.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="394" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">MESSENGER lahkumas Maalt</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaks_möödalendu_Veenusest"><span id="Kaks_m.C3.B6.C3.B6dalendu_Veenusest"></span>Kaks möödalendu Veenusest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Kaks möödalendu Veenusest"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Kaks möödalendu Veenusest" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>24. oktoobril 2006 kell 8:34 (UTC) möödus MESSENGER 2992 kilomeetri kauguselt Veenusest.<sup id="cite_ref-Venus_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venus-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Möödumise ajal oli Maa teisel pool Päikest ning seetõttu ei saanud sondiga sidet pidada ja möödalennul sond Veenust ei uurinud. Side kosmosesondiga taastus novembri lõpus ja 12. detsembril käivitas sond trajektoori korrigeerimiseks, 524 sekundiks oma peamootori, et valmistuda teiseks Veenusest möödalennuks.<sup id="cite_ref-Burn_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burn-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>5. juunil 2007 möödus MESSENGER Veenusest teist korda, olles 338 kilomeetri kaugusel, et vähendada enne Merkuurile suundumist tunduvalt oma kiirust.<sup id="cite_ref-Second_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Second-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Möödumise ajal olid kõik teadusseadmed sisse lülitatud ning need kogusid informatsiooni Veenuse atmosfääri ülemiste kihtide kohta. MESSENGER-i möödalennu ajal oli Veenuse orbiidil ka <a href="/wiki/Euroopa_Kosmoseagentuur" title="Euroopa Kosmoseagentuur">ESA</a> kosmosesond <a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a>, mis võimaldas teha mõõtmisi samaaegselt kahe kosmosesondiga.<sup id="cite_ref-Tandem_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tandem-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGERvenus1approach.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esimesel möödalennul Veenusest tehtud fotod"><img alt="Esimesel möödalennul Veenusest tehtud fotod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/MESSENGERvenus1approach.jpg/120px-MESSENGERvenus1approach.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/MESSENGERvenus1approach.jpg/180px-MESSENGERvenus1approach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/MESSENGERvenus1approach.jpg/240px-MESSENGERvenus1approach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Esimesel möödalennul Veenusest tehtud fotod</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Venus_2_Approach_Image.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Veenus teise möödalennu ajal"><img alt="Veenus teise möödalennu ajal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Venus_2_Approach_Image.jpg/117px-Venus_2_Approach_Image.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Venus_2_Approach_Image.jpg/176px-Venus_2_Approach_Image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Venus_2_Approach_Image.jpg/234px-Venus_2_Approach_Image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Veenus teise möödalennu ajal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teise möödalennu ajal pildistatud detailsem foto Veenusest"><img alt="Teise möödalennu ajal pildistatud detailsem foto Veenusest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg/120px-MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg/180px-MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg/240px-MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Teise möödalennu ajal pildistatud detailsem foto Veenusest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_-_Venus2_departure_seq.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fotod kaugenevast Veenusest teise möödalennu järel"><img alt="Fotod kaugenevast Veenusest teise möödalennu järel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MESSENGER_-_Venus2_departure_seq.jpg/77px-MESSENGER_-_Venus2_departure_seq.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MESSENGER_-_Venus2_departure_seq.jpg/116px-MESSENGER_-_Venus2_departure_seq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MESSENGER_-_Venus2_departure_seq.jpg/154px-MESSENGER_-_Venus2_departure_seq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fotod kaugenevast Veenusest teise möödalennu järel</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kolm_möödalendu_Merkuurist"><span id="Kolm_m.C3.B6.C3.B6dalendu_Merkuurist"></span>Kolm möödalendu Merkuurist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Kolm möödalendu Merkuurist"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Kolm möödalendu Merkuurist" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MESSENGER sooritas kiiruse aeglustamiseks kolm möödalendu Merkuurist. Sond tegi 14. jaanuaril 2008 esimese möödalennu Merkuurist ja lähenes planeedile kuni 200 km kaugusele.<sup id="cite_ref-Teekond_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teekond-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teise möödalennu sooritas sond 6. oktoobril 2008 ja viimase möödalennu 29. septembril 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Final_Flyby_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Final_Flyby-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viimase möödalennu ajal lülitus sond turvarežiimi ning kuigi see ei mõjutanud trajektoori, ei saanud sondiga teha planeeritud uuringuid ega fotosid.<sup id="cite_ref-Safe_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safe-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Emergency_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emergency-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sondi normaalne töö taastati seitsme tunni pärast ning 24. novembril 2009 sooritas sond viimase kursimuutuse, et valmistuda Merkuuri orbiidile sisenemiseks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sisenemine_Merkuuri_orbiidile">Sisenemine Merkuuri orbiidile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "Sisenemine Merkuuri orbiidile"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "Sisenemine Merkuuri orbiidile" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Merkuuri orbiidile sisenemine algas 18. märtsil, kell 0:45 (UTC), kui MESSENGER käivitas 15 minutiks oma peamootori.<sup id="cite_ref-Poised_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poised-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lennujuhid said kell 1:10 sondilt kinnituse, et manööver õnnestus ja MESSENGER tiirleb Merkuuri orbiidil.<sup id="cite_ref-Achieved_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Achieved-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Historic_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historic-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MESSENGER-i orbiit oli väga elliptiline ja 12-tunnise tiirlemisperioodiga. Orbiidil olles lähenes sond Merkuurist 200 km kaugusele ja kaugenes seejärel 10300 kilomeetri kaugusele ning orbiit valiti selline, et kaitsta sondi Merkuuri pinnalt eralduva kuumuse eest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missioon">Missioon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Missioon"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Missioon" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:First_ever_photograph_from_Mercury_orbit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/First_ever_photograph_from_Mercury_orbit.jpg/220px-First_ever_photograph_from_Mercury_orbit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/First_ever_photograph_from_Mercury_orbit.jpg/330px-First_ever_photograph_from_Mercury_orbit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/First_ever_photograph_from_Mercury_orbit.jpg/440px-First_ever_photograph_from_Mercury_orbit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>MESSENGER-i esimene foto Merkuurist</figcaption></figure> <p>Pärast orbiidile sisenemist, algas 18-päevane periood, mil seadmeid kontrolliti ja katsetati. Lennujuhid lülitasid sel ajal sisse kõik teadusseadmed ning veendusid, et need olid pika teekonna vastupidanud ja saavad Merkuuri orbiidil töötada. Seadmete kontroll oli edukas ning MESSENGER-i põhimissioon algas 4. aprillil 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Primary_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Primary-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>5. oktoobril 2011 esitleti MESSENGER-i missiooni kuue kuu jooksul kogutud tulemusi <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantesis</a> toimunud Euroopa Planetoloogia Kongressil. Kongressil esitletud avastuste hulgas olid Merkuuri tagaküljelt leitud, oodatust palju suurem magneesiumi ja kaltsiumi kontsentratsioon ja fakt, et Merkuuri magnetväli on planeedi ekvaatorist tunduvalt põhja poole nihkes.<sup id="cite_ref-Congress_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Congress-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pikendatud_missioon">Pikendatud missioon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "Pikendatud missioon"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "Pikendatud missioon" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novembris 2011 teatas NASA, et MESSENGER-i missiooni pikendatakse ühe aasta võrra, mis laseb sondil vaadelda Päikese aktiivsuse maksimumi.<sup id="cite_ref-Extension_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extension-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Missiooni pikendus algas 17. märtsil 2012. Ajavahemikus 16.–20. aprillini 2012 vähendas MESSENGER tõukurite abil oma tiirlemisperioodi kaheksale tunnile, et Merkuuri paremini uurida.<sup id="cite_ref-Closest_Approach_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closest_Approach-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Novembris 2012 teatas NASA, et MESSENGER oli Merkuuri alaliselt varjus olevatest kraatritest leidnud jääd ning orgaanilisi aineid. Veebruaris 2013 avaldas NASA seni täpseima ja üksikasjalikuima 3D kaardi Merkuuri pinnast, kasutades selleks tuhandeid MESSENGER-i pildistatud fotosid. MESSENGER-i esimene missioonipikendus lõppes 17. märtsil 2013 ja teine missioonipikendus kestis aprillini 2015. 2015. aasta alguses, kui MESSENGER-i missioon hakkas lõppema, pildistas sond tänu oma vähenevale orbiidile detailselt Merkuuri põhjapooluse jääga täidetud kraatreid ja teisi pinnavorme.<sup id="cite_ref-Best_View_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Best_View-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:PIA19247-Mercury-NPolarRegion-Messenger20150316.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Valevärvides pilt, mis kirjeldab põhjapooluse maksimaalseid temperatuure"><img alt="Valevärvides pilt, mis kirjeldab põhjapooluse maksimaalseid temperatuure" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/PIA19247-Mercury-NPolarRegion-Messenger20150316.jpg/120px-PIA19247-Mercury-NPolarRegion-Messenger20150316.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/PIA19247-Mercury-NPolarRegion-Messenger20150316.jpg/180px-PIA19247-Mercury-NPolarRegion-Messenger20150316.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/PIA19247-Mercury-NPolarRegion-Messenger20150316.jpg/240px-PIA19247-Mercury-NPolarRegion-Messenger20150316.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2044" data-file-height="1550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Valevärvides pilt, mis kirjeldab põhjapooluse maksimaalseid temperatuure</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Crater_Apollodorus_and_Pantheon_Fossae.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollodori kraater ja Pantheon Fossae"><img alt="Apollodori kraater ja Pantheon Fossae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Crater_Apollodorus_and_Pantheon_Fossae.jpg/120px-Crater_Apollodorus_and_Pantheon_Fossae.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Crater_Apollodorus_and_Pantheon_Fossae.jpg/250px-Crater_Apollodorus_and_Pantheon_Fossae.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollodor_(kraater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apollodor (kraater) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Apollodori kraater</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantheon_Fossae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantheon Fossae (pole veel kirjutatud)">Pantheon Fossae</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:EW1026656707Gnomap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Merkuuri lõunapoolkera"><img alt="Merkuuri lõunapoolkera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/EW1026656707Gnomap.png/120px-EW1026656707Gnomap.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/EW1026656707Gnomap.png/179px-EW1026656707Gnomap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/EW1026656707Gnomap.png/239px-EW1026656707Gnomap.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Merkuuri lõunapoolkera</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vee,_orgaaniliste_ainete_ja_vulkanismi_avastamine"><span id="Vee.2C_orgaaniliste_ainete_ja_vulkanismi_avastamine"></span>Vee, orgaaniliste ainete ja vulkanismi avastamine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Vee, orgaaniliste ainete ja vulkanismi avastamine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Vee, orgaaniliste ainete ja vulkanismi avastamine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>3. juulil 2008 teatas MESSENGER-i meeskond, et sond oli Merkuuri eksosfäärist leidnud suure koguse vett, mis oli teadlaste jaoks ootamatu avastus.<sup id="cite_ref-Astonished_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astonished-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiljem leidis MESSENGER tõendeid, et minevikus oli Merkuur vulkaaniliselt aktiivne ja et Merkuuri tuum on vedel.<sup id="cite_ref-Vulcan_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vulcan-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Liquid_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liquid-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MESSENGER aitas koostada ka seni detailsemad kaardid Merkuurist ning leidis Merkuuri põhjapoolusel alaliselt varjus asuvatest kraatritest orgaanilisi osakesi ja jääd. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:PIA19420-Mercury-NorthHem-Topography-MLA-Messenger-20150416.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Merkuuri põhjapoolkera kaart"><img alt="Merkuuri põhjapoolkera kaart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PIA19420-Mercury-NorthHem-Topography-MLA-Messenger-20150416.jpg/120px-PIA19420-Mercury-NorthHem-Topography-MLA-Messenger-20150416.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PIA19420-Mercury-NorthHem-Topography-MLA-Messenger-20150416.jpg/180px-PIA19420-Mercury-NorthHem-Topography-MLA-Messenger-20150416.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PIA19420-Mercury-NorthHem-Topography-MLA-Messenger-20150416.jpg/240px-PIA19420-Mercury-NorthHem-Topography-MLA-Messenger-20150416.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="3752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Merkuuri põhjapoolkera kaart</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Unmasking_the_Secrets_of_Mercury.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MASCS-i koostatud Merkuuri kaart"><img alt="MASCS-i koostatud Merkuuri kaart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Unmasking_the_Secrets_of_Mercury.jpg/120px-Unmasking_the_Secrets_of_Mercury.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Unmasking_the_Secrets_of_Mercury.jpg/180px-Unmasking_the_Secrets_of_Mercury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Unmasking_the_Secrets_of_Mercury.jpg/240px-Unmasking_the_Secrets_of_Mercury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">MASCS-i koostatud Merkuuri kaart</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:PIA19411-Mercury-WaterIce-Radar-MDIS-Messenger-20150416.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Põhjapoolusel asuvad alaliselt varjus kraatrid. Pildil olevad kollased laigud on jää."><img alt="Põhjapoolusel asuvad alaliselt varjus kraatrid. Pildil olevad kollased laigud on jää." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/PIA19411-Mercury-WaterIce-Radar-MDIS-Messenger-20150416.jpg/120px-PIA19411-Mercury-WaterIce-Radar-MDIS-Messenger-20150416.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/PIA19411-Mercury-WaterIce-Radar-MDIS-Messenger-20150416.jpg/180px-PIA19411-Mercury-WaterIce-Radar-MDIS-Messenger-20150416.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/PIA19411-Mercury-WaterIce-Radar-MDIS-Messenger-20150416.jpg/240px-PIA19411-Mercury-WaterIce-Radar-MDIS-Messenger-20150416.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2179" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Põhjapoolusel asuvad alaliselt varjus kraatrid. Pildil olevad kollased laigud on jää.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Päikesesüsteemi_perepilt"><span id="P.C3.A4ikeses.C3.BCsteemi_perepilt"></span>Päikesesüsteemi perepilt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Päikesesüsteemi perepilt"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Päikesesüsteemi perepilt" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>18. veebruaril 2011 avaldati MESSENGERI missiooni veebileheküljel 34 pildist kokku pandud foto, millele oli jäädvustatud kõik Päikesesüsteemi planeedid peale <a href="/wiki/Neptuun" title="Neptuun">Neptuuni</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Uraan_(planeet)" title="Uraan (planeet)">Uraani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Family_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Family-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Solar_System_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Solar_System-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See pildistati, et täiendada <a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a> 14. veebruaril 1990 pildistatud <a href="/wiki/Pereportree" title="Pereportree">perepilti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Inside_Out_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inside_Out-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:MESSENGER_Solar_System_Family_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MESSENGER_Solar_System_Family_Portrait.jpg/900px-MESSENGER_Solar_System_Family_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MESSENGER_Solar_System_Family_Portrait.jpg/1350px-MESSENGER_Solar_System_Family_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MESSENGER_Solar_System_Family_Portrait.jpg/1800px-MESSENGER_Solar_System_Family_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>MESSENGER-i foto Päikesesüsteemist</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missiooni_lõpp"><span id="Missiooni_l.C3.B5pp"></span>Missiooni lõpp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Missiooni lõpp"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Missiooni lõpp" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Last_Image_by_NASA_MESSENGER.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Last_Image_by_NASA_MESSENGER.jpg/220px-Last_Image_by_NASA_MESSENGER.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Last_Image_by_NASA_MESSENGER.jpg/330px-Last_Image_by_NASA_MESSENGER.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Last_Image_by_NASA_MESSENGER.jpg/440px-Last_Image_by_NASA_MESSENGER.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Viimane MESSENGER-i Maale saadetud foto</figcaption></figure> <p>2015. aasta alguses lõppes MESSENGER-il kursi korrigeerimiseks kasutatud kütus ning sond hakkas vähehaaval Merkuurile lähenema. Sondi asendit õnnestus korrigeerida heeliumit kasutades, kuid see pikendas missiooni ainult mõne nädala võrra. MESSENGER jätkas Merkuuri uurimist kuni 30. aprillini 2015, mil see kukkus kiirusel 14 080 km/h Merkuuri pinnale, tekitades ilmselt 16-meetrise diameetriga kraatri. Sond kukkus ilmselt <a href="/wiki/Suisei_Planitia" title="Suisei Planitia">Suisei Planitiale</a>, mis asub Merkuuri päikesepoolsel küljel, ja seetõttu ei tuvastanud kokkupõrget ükski vaatleja ega raadioteleskoop.<sup id="cite_ref-Alone_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alone-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA kinnitas missiooni lõppemise, kui Süvakosmose sidevõrk ei tuvastanud MESSENGER-i Merkuuri tagant väljumas.<sup id="cite_ref-No_signal_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-No_signal-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Farewell_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farewell-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=23" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marineri_programm" title="Marineri programm">Marineri programm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamatios_Krimigis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stamatios Krimigis (pole veel kirjutatud)">Stamatios Krimigis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=24" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist mw-references-columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Depth-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Depth_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218212254/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/messenger/indepth">"NASA: MESSENGER:In Depth"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/messenger/indepth">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 18. veebruar 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 8. jaanuaril 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3A+MESSENGER%3AIn+Depth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fmessenger%2Findepth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSSDC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NSSDC_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NSSDC_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=2004-030A">NSSDC: MESSENGER</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crash-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Crash_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/apr/30/nasa-messenger-spacecraft-mercury-crash">The Guardian:Crash course: Nasa Messenger spacecraft completes four-year mission to Mercury</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amazing-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Amazing_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/29251-amazing-mercury-photos-nasa-messenger-video.html">See Amazing Photos of Mercury By a Doomed NASA Spacecraft (Video)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-First-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-First_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/18301-mariner-10.html">Space.com:Mariner 10: First Mission to Mercury</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mariner-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mariner_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mercury-planet/Mariner-10-radar-and-Messenger">Encyclopædia Britannica:Mariner 10, radar, and Messenger</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orbit-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Orbit_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/11160-nasa-spacecraft-mercury-orbit-messenger.html">Space.com:NASA Probe Becomes First Spacecraft to Orbit Mercury</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hüvasti-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hüvasti_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://novaator.err.ee/v/universum/d7aee7df-683a-4cc9-a35d-fbe392bd66da">"Merkuuri tehiskaaslane jätab planeediga hüvasti"</a>. Novaator, 30. aprill 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reboost-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Reboost_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2014/10100759-from-mercury-orbit-messenger.html">Planetary Society:From Mercury orbit, MESSENGER watches a lunar eclipse</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-End-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-End_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-32542646">BBC News:Messenger's Mercury trip ends with a bang, and silence</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ice-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ice_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331213840/http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-space-mercury-idUKBRE8AS17F20121129">"Reuters:NASA probe reveals organics, ice on Mercury"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-space-mercury-idUKBRE8AS17F20121129">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 31. märts 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 30. märtsil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reuters%3ANASA+probe+reveals+organics%2C+ice+on+Mercury&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-space-mercury-idUKBRE8AS17F20121129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Water-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Water_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29644406">BBC NEWS:Mercury's hidden water-ice revealed</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shrinking-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shrinking_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/2004-08-16-mercury-may-shrink_x.htm">USA Today:MESSENGER to test theory of shrinking Mercury</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Discovery-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Discovery_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216074435/https://discovery.msfc.nasa.gov/messenger.cfml">"Discovery Program: MESSENGER"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.msfc.nasa.gov/messenger.cfml">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 16. veebruar 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 31. märtsil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovery+Program%3A+MESSENGER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.msfc.nasa.gov%2Fmessenger.cfml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Press_Kit-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Press_Kit_15-0">15,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Press_Kit_15-1">15,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170210054734/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/168019main_MESSENGER_71504_PressKit.pdf">"NASA:MESSENGER Launch Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/168019main_MESSENGER_71504_PressKit.pdf">Originaali</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> arhiivikoopia seisuga 10. veebruar 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 31. märtsil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3AMESSENGER+Launch+Press+Kit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpdf%2F168019main_MESSENGER_71504_PressKit.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Antenna-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Antenna_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/606-the-medium-gain-antenna-of-the-messenger-spacecraft?v=preview">Microwave Journal:The Medium-gain Antenna of the MESSENGER Spacecraft</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MDIS-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MDIS_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-01">NSSDC:Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRNS-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GRNS_18-0">18,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GRNS_18-1">18,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-02">NSSDC:Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-XRS-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-XRS_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-03">NSSDC:MESSENGER X-ray Spectrometer (XRS)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MAG-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MAG_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-07">NSSDC:MESSENGER Magnetometer (MAG)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLA-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MLA_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-05">NSSDC:MESSENGER Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MASCS-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MASCS_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-04">NSSDC:MESSENGER Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPPS-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EPPS_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-06">NSSDC:MESSENGER Energetic Particle and Plasma Spectrometer (EPPS)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RS-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RS_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-08">NSSDC:MESSENGER Radio Science (RS)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Becomes-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Becomes_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://earthsky.org/space/on-march-17-first-ever-craft-inserted-to-orbit-around-mercury">Earth&Sky:On March 17, MESSENGER becomes first craft to orbit Mercury</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Facts-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Facts_26-0">26,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Facts_26-1">26,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/11147-nasa-mercury-spacecraft-surprising-facts-messenger.html">Space.com:10 Surprising Facts About NASA's Mercury Probe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sail-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sail_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/MESSENGER_Sails_On_Sun_Fire_For_Second_Flyby_Of_Mercury_999.html">Space Daily:MESSENGER Sails On Sun's Fire For Second Flyby Of Mercury</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swing-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Swing_28-0">28,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Swing_28-1">28,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrobio.net/mercury/earth-swings-messenger/">Astrobiology Magazine:Earth Swings Messenger</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Venus-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Venus_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0610/24messengervenus/">Spaceflight Now:MESSENGER spacecraft completes Venus flyby</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burn-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Burn_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=18956">Space Ref:MESSENGER Engine Burn Puts Spacecraft on Track for Venus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Second-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Second_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403111218/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/2007/06/06/messenger-completes-second-flyby-of-venus">"NASA Solar System:MESSENGER Completes Second Flyby of Venus"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/2007/06/06/messenger-completes-second-flyby-of-venus">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 3. aprill 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 2. aprillil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Solar+System%3AMESSENGER+Completes+Second+Flyby+of+Venus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2F2007%2F06%2F06%2Fmessenger-completes-second-flyby-of-venus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tandem-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tandem_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Venus_Expresa/Venus_Express_and_MESSENGER_to_look_at_Venus_in_tandem">ESA:Venus Express and MESSENGER to look at Venus in tandem</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:K%C3%B5dulingid#alaline" title="Vikipeedia:Kõdulingid"><span title=" Kõdulink (juuni 2022)">alaline kõdulink</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teekond-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Teekond_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090302043820/http://www.horisont.ee/node/509">"Horisont:Teekond jumalate käskjala juurde"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horisont.ee/node/509">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 2. märts 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 2. aprillil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horisont%3ATeekond+jumalate+k%C3%A4skjala+juurde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horisont.ee%2Fnode%2F509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Final_Flyby-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Final_Flyby_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universetoday.com/41326/third-and-final-flyby-of-mercury-for-messenger-next-week/">Universe Today:Third and Final Flyby of Mercury for MESSENGER Next Week</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Safe-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Safe_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2009/2130.html">The Planetary Society:MESSENGER went into safe mode before closest approach</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emergency-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Emergency_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universetoday.com/41787/messenger-went-into-safe-mode-approaching-mercury/">Universe Today:MESSENGER Went Into Safe Mode Approaching Mercury</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poised-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Poised_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403111216/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/media/MESSENGERPoisedInsertion.html">"NASA:MESSENGER Poised for Mercury Orbit Insertion"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/media/MESSENGERPoisedInsertion.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 3. aprill 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 2. aprillil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3AMESSENGER+Poised+for+Mercury+Orbit+Insertion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fmessenger%2Fmedia%2FMESSENGERPoisedInsertion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Achieved-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Achieved_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130419030015/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/media/MOISuccess.html">"NASA:MESSENGER Begins Historic Orbit Around Mercury"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/media/MOISuccess.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 19. aprill 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 2. aprillil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3AMESSENGER+Begins+Historic+Orbit+Around+Mercury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fmessenger%2Fmedia%2FMOISuccess.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historic-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Historic_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403111422/https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/18mar_orbitmercury">"NASA Science:Historic First: A Spacecraft Orbits Mercury"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/18mar_orbitmercury">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 3. aprill 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 2. aprillil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Science%3AHistoric+First%3A+A+Spacecraft+Orbits+Mercury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fscience-news%2Fscience-at-nasa%2F2011%2F18mar_orbitmercury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Primary-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Primary_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/About/stationkeeping.html">MESSENGER:Mercury Orbit Insertion & Station Keeping</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Congress-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Congress_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403194603/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/media/PlanetConf20111005.html">"NASA:MESSENGER Team Presents New Mercury Findings at Planetary Conference"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/media/PlanetConf20111005.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 3. aprill 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 2. aprillil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3AMESSENGER+Team+Presents+New+Mercury+Findings+at+Planetary+Conference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fmessenger%2Fmedia%2FPlanetConf20111005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Extension-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Extension_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307194801/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/media/MissionExtends.html">"NASA:NASA Extends MESSENGER Mission"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/media/MissionExtends.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 7. märts 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 3. aprillil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3ANASA+Extends+MESSENGER+Mission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fmessenger%2Fmedia%2FMissionExtends.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Closest_Approach-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Closest_Approach_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331231337/http://www.jhuapl.edu/newscenter/pressreleases/2014/140422.asp">"JHU/APL:MESSENGER Completes Its 3,000th Orbit of Mercury, Sets Mark for Closest Approach"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jhuapl.edu/newscenter/pressreleases/2014/140422.asp">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 31. märts 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 3. aprillil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JHU%2FAPL%3AMESSENGER+Completes+Its+3%2C000th+Orbit+of+Mercury%2C+Sets+Mark+for+Closest+Approach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jhuapl.edu%2Fnewscenter%2Fpressreleases%2F2014%2F140422.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Best_View-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Best_View_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-31917308">BBC News:Best views yet of Mercury's ice-filled craters</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astonished-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Astonished_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2008/0703_MESSENGER_Scientists_Astonished_to.html">The Planetary Society:MESSENGER Scientists 'Astonished' to Find Water in Mercury's Thin Atmosphere</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vulcan-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Vulcan_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/333/6051/1853">Science Magazine:Flood Volcanism in the Northern High Latitudes of Mercury Revealed by MESSENGER</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liquid-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Liquid_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-03/mercury-smoother-moon-and-other-new-surprises-innermost-planet">Popular Science:Mercury Has a Liquid Core, and Other New Surprises From the Innermost Planet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Family-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Family_48-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1868.html">NASA:A Solar System Family Portrait, From the Inside Out</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Solar_System-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Solar_System_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2011-02-image-solar-family-portrait.html">Phys.org:Image: A solar system family portrait, from the inside out</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inside_Out-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Inside_Out_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403194800/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/media/SolarSytemPortrait.html">"NASA:A Solar System Family Portrait, from the Inside Out"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/media/SolarSytemPortrait.html">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 3. aprill 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 3. aprillil 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3AA+Solar+System+Family+Portrait%2C+from+the+Inside+Out&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fmessenger%2Fmedia%2FSolarSytemPortrait.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMESSENGER" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alone-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Alone_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-messenger-mercury-crash-spacecraft-final-minutes-20150430-story.html">LA Times:NASA's Messenger crashes into Mercury: Scientists mourn</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-No_signal-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-No_signal_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-completes-messenger-mission-with-expected-impact-on-mercurys-surface">NASA:NASA Completes MESSENGER Mission with Expected Impact on Mercury's Surface</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farewell-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Farewell_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/29281-messenger-spacecraft-mercury-crash.html?cmpid=NL_SP_weekly_2015-05-01">Space.com:Farewell, MESSENGER! NASA Probe Crashes Into Mercury</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&action=edit&section=25" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/">http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/5910608/nasa-shot-the-messengerinto-orbit-around-the-iron-planet/gallery/1">NASA Shot the MESSENGER—Into Orbit, Around the Iron Planet</a> Gizmodo.com, 16. mai 2012</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&oldid=6727414">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MESSENGER&oldid=6727414</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Kosmoseaparaadid" title="Kategooria:Kosmoseaparaadid">Kosmoseaparaadid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:NASA_kosmosesondid" title="Kategooria:NASA kosmosesondid">NASA kosmosesondid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Discovery_programm" title="Kategooria:Discovery programm">Discovery programm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Merkuuri_missioonid" title="Kategooria:Merkuuri missioonid">Merkuuri missioonid</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:K%C3%B5dulinkidega_artiklid" title="Kategooria:Kõdulinkidega artiklid">Kõdulinkidega artiklid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Alaliste_k%C3%B5dulinkidega_artiklid" title="Kategooria:Alaliste kõdulinkidega artiklid">Alaliste kõdulinkidega artiklid</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 12:39, 15. september 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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