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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Environments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Staging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frameworks_integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frameworks_integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Frameworks integration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frameworks_integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="محیط استقرار نرم‌افزار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محیط استقرار نرم‌افزار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environnement_(informatique)" title="Environnement (informatique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Environnement (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telep%C3%ADt%C3%A9si_k%C3%B6rnyezet" title="Telepítési környezet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Telepítési környezet" 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Deployment_environment" title="Special:EditPage/Deployment environment">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Deployment+environment%22">"Deployment environment"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Deployment+environment%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Deployment+environment%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Deployment+environment%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Deployment+environment%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Deployment+environment%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Software_deployment" title="Software deployment">software deployment</a>, an <b>environment</b> or <b>tier</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer system">computer system</a> or set of systems in which a <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">computer program</a> or <a href="/wiki/Software_component" title="Software component">software component</a> is deployed and executed. In simple cases, such as developing and immediately executing a program on the same machine, there may be a single environment, but in industrial use, the <i>development</i> environment (where changes are originally made) and <i>production</i> environment (what end users use) are separated, often with several stages in between. This structured <a href="/wiki/Release_management" title="Release management">release management</a> process allows phased deployment (rollout), testing, and rollback in case of problems. </p><p>Environments may vary significantly in size: the development environment is typically an individual developer's workstation, while the production environment may be a network of many geographically distributed machines in <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data centers</a>, or virtual machines in <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>. Code, data, and configuration may be deployed in parallel, and need not connect to the corresponding tier—for example, pre-production code might connect to a production database. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architectures">Architectures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Architectures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deployment architectures vary significantly, but, broadly, the tiers are bookended by starting at <i>development</i> (DEV) and ending at <i>production</i> (PROD). A common 4-tier architecture is <i>development, testing, model, production</i> (DEV, TEST, MODL, PROD), with software being deployed to each in order. Other common environments include Quality Control (QC), for <a href="/wiki/Acceptance_testing" title="Acceptance testing">acceptance testing</a>; sandbox or experimental (EXP), for experiments that are not intended to proceed to production; and Disaster Recovery, to provide an immediate fallback in case of problems with production. Another common architecture is <a href="/wiki/Development,_testing,_acceptance_and_production" title="Development, testing, acceptance and production">development, testing, acceptance and production</a> (DTAP). </p><p>This language is particularly suited for server programs, where servers run in a remote data center; for code that runs on an end user's device, such as applications (apps) or clients, one can refer to the user environment (USER) or local environment (LOCAL) instead. </p><p>Exact definitions and boundaries between environments vary – test may be considered part of dev, Acceptance may be considered part of test, part of stage, or be separate, etc. The main tiers are progressed through in order, with new releases being deployed (<i>rolled out</i> or <i>pushed</i>) to each in turn.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-agile_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agile-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experimental and recovery tiers, if present, are outside this flow – experimental releases are terminal, while recovery is typically an old or duplicate version of production, deployed after production. In case of problems, one can <i>roll back</i> to the old release, most simply by pushing the old release as if it were a new release. The last step, deploying to production ("pushing to prod") is the most sensitive, as any problems result in immediate user impact. For this reason this is often handled differently, at least being monitored more carefully, and in some cases having phased rollout or only requiring flipping a switch, allowing rapid rollback. It is best to avoid a name like Quality Assurance (QA); QA doesn’t mean software testing. Testing is important, but it is different from QA. </p><p>Sometimes deployment is done outside of this regular process, primarily to provide urgent or relatively minor changes, without requiring a full release. This may consist of a single <a href="/wiki/Patch_(computing)" title="Patch (computing)">patch</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/Service_pack" title="Service pack">service pack</a>, or a small <a href="/wiki/Hotfix" title="Hotfix">hotfix</a>. </p><p>Environments can be of very different sizes: development is typically an individual developer's workstation (though there may be thousands of developers), while production may be many geographically distributed machines; test and QC may be small or large, depending on the resources devoted to these, and staging can range from a single machine (similar to canary) to an exact duplicate of production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environments">Environments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Environments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The table below describes a finely-divided list of tiers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Environment / Tier Name </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Local </td> <td>Developer's desktop/workstation </td></tr> <tr> <td>Development / Trunk </td> <td>Development server acting as a <a href="/wiki/Sandbox_(software_development)" title="Sandbox (software development)">sandbox</a> where unit testing may be performed by the developer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Integration </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Continuous_integration" title="Continuous integration">CI</a> build target, or for developer testing of side effects </td></tr> <tr> <td>Testing / Test / QC / Internal acceptance </td> <td>The environment where interface testing is performed. A quality control team ensures that the new code will not have any impact on the existing functionality and tests major functionalities of the system after deploying the new code in the test environment. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Staging / Stage / Model / Pre-production / External-client acceptance / Demo </td> <td>Mirror of production environment </td></tr> <tr> <td>Production / Live </td> <td>Serves end-users/clients </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Development environment" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">Integrated development environment</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sandbox_(software_development)" title="Sandbox (software development)">Sandbox (software development)</a></div> <p>The development environment (dev) is the environment in which changes to software are developed, most simply an individual developer's workstation. This differs from the ultimate target environment in various ways – the target may not be a desktop computer (it may be a smartphone, embedded system, <a href="/wiki/Headless_computer" title="Headless computer">headless</a> machine in a data center, etc.), and even if otherwise similar, the developer's environment will include development tools like a compiler, integrated development environment, different or additional versions of libraries and support software, etc., which are not present in a user's environment. </p><p>In the context of <a href="/wiki/Revision_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Revision control">revision control</a>, particularly with multiple developers, finer distinctions are drawn: a developer has a <i>working copy</i> of source code on their machine, and changes are submitted to the repository, being committed either to the trunk or a branch, depending on development methodology. The environment on an individual workstation, in which changes are worked on and tried out, may be referred to as the <i>local environment</i> or a <a href="/wiki/Sandbox_(software_development)" title="Sandbox (software development)">sandbox</a>. Building the repository's copy of the source code in a clean environment is a separate step, part of integration (integrating disparate changes), and this environment may be called the <i>integration environment</i> or the <i>development environment</i>; in <a href="/wiki/Continuous_integration" title="Continuous integration">continuous integration</a> this is done frequently, as often as for every revision. The source code level concept of "committing a change to the repository", followed by building the trunk or branch, corresponds to pushing to release from local (individual developer's environment) to integration (clean build); a bad release at this step means a change broke the build, and rolling back the release corresponds to either rolling back all changes from that point onward, or undoing just the breaking change, if possible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Testing">Testing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Test_environment_management" title="Test environment management">Test environment management</a></div> <p>The purpose of the test environment is to allow human testers to exercise new and changed code via either automated checks or non-automated techniques. After the developer accepts the new code and configurations through unit testing in the development environment, the items are moved to one or more test environments.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon test failure, the test environment can remove the faulty code from the test platforms, contact the responsible developer, and provide detailed test and result logs. If all tests pass, the test environment or a <a href="/wiki/Continuous_integration" title="Continuous integration">continuous integration</a> framework controlling the tests can automatically promote the code to the next deployment environment. </p><p>Different types of testing suggest different types of test environments, some or all of which may be virtualized<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to allow rapid, parallel testing to take place. For example, automated user interface tests<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may occur across several virtual operating systems and displays (real or virtual). Performance tests may require a normalized physical baseline hardware configuration, so that performance test results can be compared over time. Availability or durability testing may depend on failure simulators in virtual hardware and virtual networks. </p><p>Tests may be serial (one after the other) or parallel (some or all at once) depending on the sophistication of the test environment. A significant goal for agile and other high-productivity software development practices is reducing the time from software design or specification to delivery in production.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Highly automated and parallelized test environments are important contributors to rapid software development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staging">Staging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Staging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A stage, staging or pre-production environment is an environment for testing that exactly resembles a production environment.<sup id="cite_ref-Test_Environment_Management_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Test_Environment_Management-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seeks to mirror an actual production environment as closely as possible and may connect to other production services and data, such as databases. For example, servers will be run on remote machines, rather than locally (as on a developer's workstation during dev, or on a single test machine during the test), which tests the effects of networking on the system. </p><p>The primary use of a staging environment is to test all the installation/configuration/migration scripts and procedures before they're applied to a production environment. This ensures all major and minor upgrades to a production environment are completed reliably, without errors, and in a minimum of time. </p><p>Another important use of staging is <a href="/wiki/Software_performance_testing" title="Software performance testing">performance testing</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Load_testing" title="Load testing">load testing</a>, as this is often sensitive to the environment. </p><p>Staging is also used by some organizations to preview new features to select customers or to validate integrations with live versions of external dependencies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Production_support" title="Production support">Production support</a></div> <p>The production environment is also known as <i>live</i>, particularly for servers, as it is the environment that users directly interact with. </p><p>Deploying to production is the most sensitive step; it may be done by deploying new code directly (overwriting old code, so only one copy is present at a time), or by deploying a configuration change. This can take various forms: deploying a parallel installation of a new version of code, and switching between them with a configuration change; deploying a new version of code with the old behavior and a <a href="/wiki/Feature_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Feature flag">feature flag</a>, and switching to the new behavior with a configuration change that performs a flag flip; or by deploying separate servers (one running the old code, one the new) and redirecting traffic from old to new with a configuration change at the traffic routing level. These in turn may be done all at once or gradually, in phases. </p><p>Deploying a new release generally requires a restart, unless <a href="/wiki/Hot_swapping" title="Hot swapping">hot swapping</a> is possible, and thus requires either an interruption in service (usual for user software, where applications are restarted), or redundancy – either restarting instances slowly behind a load balancer, or starting up new servers ahead of time and then simply redirecting traffic to the new servers. </p><p>When deploying a new release to production, rather than immediately deploying to all instances or users, it may be deployed to a single instance or fraction of users first, and then either deployed to all or gradually deployed in phases, in order to catch any last-minute problems. This is similar to staging, except actually done in production, and is referred to as a <i><a href="/wiki/Domestic_canary" title="Domestic canary">canary</a> release</i>, by analogy with coal mining. This adds complexity due to multiple releases being run simultaneously, and is thus usually over quickly, to avoid compatibility problems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frameworks_integration">Frameworks integration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Frameworks integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Development, Staging and Production are known and documented environment variables in <a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Core" title="ASP.NET Core">ASP.NET Core</a>. Depending on the defined variable, different code is executed and content rendered, and different security and debug settings are applied.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue%E2%80%93green_deployment" title="Blue–green deployment">Blue–green deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_lifecycle_management" title="Application lifecycle management">Application lifecycle management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development,_testing,_acceptance_and_production" title="Development, testing, acceptance and production">Development, testing, acceptance and production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">Integrated development environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dltj.org/article/software-development-practice/">"Traditional Development/Integration/Staging/Production Practice for Software Development"</a>. <i>Disruptive Library Technology Jester</i>. December 4, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Disruptive+Library+Technology+Jester&rft.atitle=Traditional+Development%2FIntegration%2FStaging%2FProduction+Practice+for+Software+Development&rft.date=2006-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdltj.org%2Farticle%2Fsoftware-development-practice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeployment+environment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agile-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agile_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agiledata.org/essays/sandboxes.html">"Development Sandboxes: An Agile 'Best Practice'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.agiledata.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.agiledata.org&rft.atitle=Development+Sandboxes%3A+An+Agile+%27Best+Practice%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agiledata.org%2Fessays%2Fsandboxes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeployment+environment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllison2016" class="citation web cs1">Ellison, Richard (2016-06-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.softwaretestingmagazine.com/knowledge/software-testing-environments-best-practices/">"Software Testing Environments Best Practices"</a>. <i>Software Testing Magazine</i>. Martinig & Associates<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-02</span></span>. <q>Once the developer performs the unit test cases, the code will be moved into QA to start testing. Often you will have a few environments for testing. For example you will have one set up for system testing and another that is used for performance testing and yet another that is used for user acceptance testing (UAT). This is caused by the unique needs for each type of testing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Software+Testing+Magazine&rft.atitle=Software+Testing+Environments+Best+Practices&rft.date=2016-06-20&rft.aulast=Ellison&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.softwaretestingmagazine.com%2Fknowledge%2Fsoftware-testing-environments-best-practices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeployment+environment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubie2008" class="citation web cs1">Dubie, Denise (2008-01-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.networkworld.com/article/809608/data-center-how-to-keep-virtual-test-environments-in-check.html">"How to keep virtual test environments in check"</a>. <i>Network World, Inc</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-02</span></span>. <q>Virtual server technology makes it easy for enterprise companies to set up and tear down test environments in which they can ensure applications will run up to par on production servers and client machines.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Network+World%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=How+to+keep+virtual+test+environments+in+check&rft.date=2008-01-17&rft.aulast=Dubie&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.networkworld.com%2Farticle%2F809608%2Fdata-center-how-to-keep-virtual-test-environments-in-check.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeployment+environment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd286726.aspx">"Use UI Automation To Test Your Code"</a>. <i>Microsoft.com</i>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-02</span></span>. <q>Automated tests that drive your application through its user interface (UI) are known as coded UI tests (CUITs). These tests include functional testing of the UI controls. They let you verify that the whole application, including its user interface, is functioning correctly. Coded UI Tests are particularly useful where there is validation or other logic in the user interface, for example in a web page.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Use+UI+Automation+To+Test+Your+Code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fdd286726.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeployment+environment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeusser2015" class="citation web cs1">Heusser, Matthew (2015-07-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170603133854/http://www.cio.com/article/2944759/agile-development/are-you-over-testing-your-software.html">"Are you over-testing your software?"</a>. <i>CIO.com</i>. IDG. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cio.com/article/2944759/agile-development/are-you-over-testing-your-software.html">the original</a> on 2017-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-03</span></span>. <q>Release candidate testing takes too long. For many agile teams, this is the single biggest challenge. Legacy applications start with a test window longer than the sprint.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIO.com&rft.atitle=Are+you+over-testing+your+software%3F&rft.date=2015-07-07&rft.aulast=Heusser&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cio.com%2Farticle%2F2944759%2Fagile-development%2Fare-you-over-testing-your-software.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeployment+environment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Test_Environment_Management-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Test_Environment_Management_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2018" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Anurag (2018). <i>Test Environment Management</i>. ITSM Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781912651269" title="Special:BookSources/9781912651269"><bdi>9781912651269</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Test+Environment+Management&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=ITSM+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781912651269&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Anurag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeployment+environment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/environments">"Use multiple environments in ASP.NET Core"</a>. <i>docs.microsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=docs.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Use+multiple+environments+in+ASP.NET+Core&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Faspnet%2Fcore%2Ffundamentals%2Fenvironments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeployment+environment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&oldid=1229726854#Production">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deployment_environment&oldid=1229726854#Production</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Software_development_process" title="Category:Software development process">Software development process</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Software_release" title="Category:Software release">Software release</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_June_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2019">Articles needing additional references from June 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 June 2024, at 11:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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