CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91354df21d5e3d8c',cH: 'XGyNL0uITEyV2VG_OR72m7pDK89aeH66WIfQcckfSdQ-1739790349-1.2.1.1-kVo5WItSisWMBkYAnuzFlpdctn18nJxfFx6.3Lyt4rPIzhZT7uGmURwBMBxXz7kY',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=progress&__cf_chl_tk=03z.DbZ02t74i4_G4IK6vXOXZ69yW3MN.VV.af9hpmo-1739790349-1.0.1.1-NlHeVcDhZCrvluU7Nn84WxXmSO5oISJQb4yunzN2s5U",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790349',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=progress&__cf_chl_f_tk=03z.DbZ02t74i4_G4IK6vXOXZ69yW3MN.VV.af9hpmo-1739790349-1.0.1.1-NlHeVcDhZCrvluU7Nn84WxXmSO5oISJQb4yunzN2s5U",md: "tpzPtWUrMb43IVBUS3DdMKqN_gmPvbt0sDIU8Itv8yk-1739790349-1.2.1.1-STi0OzJyWLvuKoTvYasENPQTLLP8coA3hkW1a.GYxMYKURFspSWa6CoHvTtCgFjPksDpoION5dpgqZS_NQHTYhlDMDI2oscymxTnV3i9ujAawTex25feekLpG5FoME6pO1o83M2seNjdJL7gurXQTH8TcVX9_zW2qqVQFCS31PYEux0ydCMWLREx2D7XtBSUT_KoeA8KKRoWKi2aJAI.wwbfPuSQy0j8oZ9N5yhOTv4wN6vg7mKSw0NCctv2y9aSFZQmYTTblKSA2NBNP2sIJoOZv_Dh4I6hoXyW3B2klbyOPb_I.kUwNANOK60aNf_PlI5dctWh0NEFeMG3Mi2m4ui7glg.pHJZeKHc7lr.8PvAu_yn9sCfdcVWOkJA4.HKMNgtpn65inQbX47IqsD1DjhHLtYs4NdEJCKRkwM69fK3PJ442dtm1fyva.MdjCZSQ_4ulZXmbAp0nXM24JySRqjPPqrYo7DloXgL1AMWFYc1sHH5wYQiMKLs2mwx2O4TM38uLV70Oc.SN3qCee.toS9P0cS0WmNDdhhe.CuYVR4sakWpyFjWDI4G54zT3QswZAh.tnJEOi4OvfSBBkVPDMY4TdZBOhZ49Ug9lf63qG.bqVlv9N5z0i1JZv4JnGigRPD7OMVBPc5cp9g0FVZcpqffDaWujNcfkO_IIOOdtz16SSZOjiYRZuavnYJOeYXd1lLTFUISqIbulSLMIBRGZAy.flLcJn.KKSB.a_aUIxjUv4.2gMQis5kaeTDKbr8vkWH0BzUuJLYsqevkENR05zkHzvJb5_knOBTomIfehUFDSgFFAsmNdM0lVqhI5nIvFu95GVJAsMlYRW7Wnny243MEoAXKdBRVeFoOpo.j.vtvioIh02I3EkiQA3psxiHc9xXCRP9j.go1h0KwTtKG4ySqFPdlFm5FZjIO5IqXO_ikrtn6kX_Gb9zR1huej5RRgVk0JxpN4vc3nVjVcdT382RQbrPlNA7jI9YUUmTq3ScVfaseObb6R2BSDmOF2cO53b5sZdNE9NRYU4n9ooAWKRIXbhPt3tC45GIGjI751qDvnR34apAjcRnu4e2u06SAwJbplE4rRs55qEYl.ca5PsItPkSL5Ss2jJpFNNFbOBCLepGO71.YbWWLnEnNKk4jTNwHuHU7EtRlDg5JJRal5.hDwGIC_5ebB2k6d22jfqDq0OhNgqSda9I2GJ1V05OpSPqM9UWA360YFtJEpBOhrgw8OYEBzFQTEy6VSZ4CmqLyO3rfcf_iTHQx4z2_BXlMegsoVQjFBEkBbbwTKnE45n6rDGoILTIehvhrEXJLLBPX286oX7248nMfyU2B1jC8cVv.Be0qZytTdOqcNRx5BIwI99yvSuW2RxsEwr8orC77mN_kYJzvdeCN.GzLqtLpvg5Q7qSMQBm9JqejeRC35S2n5NkiFUdrY_pwxVxbDRwFHQyxmLhzyFCucJ61eSPGJfUogAnMiRMdfIJsACW2D_e_m3UCON3WvFdJeZt_5KapmKrwl6rJnbA3d8YziKJWH8Pj0_UZcGryNuHlwT8HDprvaEkkO9K2kRNppRNBCd4lvGarWBf8pNKCZSo7.mqD35xupcp0El0eWQ464T0z8vzjjXjhW2rBX0oO85ad0adAt13OtFEk63.ujfBqMjzuVBmj.SNAUfKmK86t0fKA8IxJCgn8J3ZorenS1t8fhieJHa2ZwXvhpevPbFTtkkOg3ACIxwrZqkZtddzEteUuDQMl76vbOClmzQdU0Js3FcpzvDOgiMzxFsYvICqbXaKADGXCxjeptR0FHXHiBiF1RVYwcUccW3.VqEULGUuEzBgrQdDNHPHA940OG5G7X2FyMflzOPCUISUtAwNwkzN31pM8TUAr4rkAiqzaDsxNomLc6HXn2A_xz6qI8BfVNhSo8t0A_lTk9XeRexZIVrXwLg",mdrd: "tEAZp2cPtTbKl5fYvpF92bbBYHkDphjMnaRfZ2I9z3U-1739790349-1.2.1.1-kukd0YuJurS5JgUUPcVVSU9aKeM0uPfhDWEORFItrttrIm48zgrMrgsZ.cHCzxJf4JEOm6EreGBGzkiOW4S_4bYcnGVehXOU5FRa_Gg5wH28Lg.w5WxqYyYn0fuBwij4p39AMLINRjFhWGbxNubjXTuVqMcUEuiqR4t65lvX_Au3wLWHlgAVJegmhl0vE.hYfx2vxvHh12Kq6jXSWZD3IzmU7rkrBPclpomg7JJpZa0faFFy_sAYkaaO7zl3G4GM7d49ENBqflS84NJGXbXo7NXJezYY_dnrHKnHzkEb4Sz03R5XvcEl8.hUxu4uC68bApnxigfW05KLMElqpPTiJ2.aZOqurseatR5a0pIyJrW5cOy6w57S7V2sH0qDpnaHsaCa7XsI0sxT3jcVuh2pVlILR2tItHQOlCFxlyi5S.QvsmskZDHag_J4teN_a2KryZo.6wIPsWuBJTDhyxvJKgQbHM9TxJ2iudXeiR4i6E2wj9cjdUhHa5CJkliQh.DWeLfiJtx0J4Ngub7Cg95RNMTcbZoV_76cPLp_9GSlrzuivXix4Rq21XdDg0FgJ60DVvWKY.wXWgUlNnKAGfclAhY2pp6_uuVDCQwzpnheS_9wnqj9IhOQQ4dRnl4n1VmNBhNk.duHx2BhBFqLAuLtctT6cMdY8cpphhiLlV_U9x_6AmjXFjgwHfXzz3ZokpA_A7bKSzR59tz8817YuUZydj3T9WyuHg2PNCx5sUdRv48Ahx5jzofWQYCS0FerH4dOyAvxzxwuPbjE6Is.6Y8bG8tXU1OT32WOjLKXzEp6dzal4CL2MgsAmdoSbbrzVI.xmscEw6Kln9arTj1OF_Z16PFb2IXnHsZjdjjDbgPrM7y5RA3J6hgS1mMYW793Zdq7cVSLO_lIAK2WQondNM1KmpI02GnknydbS5dA3UfLfusGb1g11flPsdIQAkPfKSKckhlE9RWxeEgWdd4P6gWphLzaDysdCOgiljxH6fMEI2SX5BZbAU6W2BTvZm08phcevwDARckp4VdwKtcRn7rRBJLv40m7o8YEJfNVLcMiDmnifIHc23LLWAWAuNTdkvJGPusI0vSDgA0YgzT6Z5nFQMsBlsvmDVupEBxB3i_HDE61Sxu0NejVY6_gWywmN6lieXpHQEHy6N18RnrjTUsDSrcF4sS9K7EFRoaCfckGqP82Bspq_ekNVo21bLhI5yCdBqV6hynFqMXtRGZgWoK_3mqAoXUIz7kZfGyW_a07PyGERBnBZF3c.G_aP7F_6tlpKBT8KfHmNKpbtItowus5EiskZVxrFNm1CgtVY1YVajWbmzDIs5IhutLHeQrXLCFclYBgh57TgymoxstAevpMHnxTbvxVxYPDIf8FebciA1_Dd7Usz7amygsgRCx9JAW_DRRiMfhiO4cUCTbtlnbGeL9GcWiV_r3Usgw1kBfRwh4Ge5E5B01IfsUIdN0b2VBhX3RXfjfsSyTGznP9HChC4rKYjgGjEucWeVr0SxJGvHP4CP7F1RxuPbRaxrMax6lIMe.VMfe3wiIUs5F1.2IKKf8gZX.2CdZnfUt8QkaFc8VntSTPfSXs5nzYFGebRB6wKxwUZT1uJGQRHmBTMFL1VBi26TIENa.zMGJQi_IdH3YA1pWjxJJBlnv9FHJbONhXUuT0iQtxG0hbaSfSpDQHJZaBPVr_6UszPgOATny6ysDKpgjaTUXkhavG_msrRtJSFG92sNe0ZFJqrbZqnPtMFmYLus7avOxcExpF6lP06VHuW_Hfpnsv34rKvcVA1uKgvKhRb.0WPvxmmriqG2inW6egMo5_SmXBKLvMdV_qotknlFtKiHxIn_skbGHfVzzaJz3pIgrewUkbwAshF5v6Ca1X3EFmB9Y1VXGQSgr7s_JmD4ZtfHYw4w.JaMJtQiEWAl1Nomb9AR1rYBNEp9piQu2DlEPwVg5iaoQVJhhyzJ236AOkMThtZfCeDwzASNjc"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91354df21d5e3d8c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=progress&__cf_chl_rt_tk=03z.DbZ02t74i4_G4IK6vXOXZ69yW3MN.VV.af9hpmo-1739790349-1.0.1.1-NlHeVcDhZCrvluU7Nn84WxXmSO5oISJQb4yunzN2s5U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>