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</ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%86" title="يقين – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يقين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%B5%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="دڵنیایی – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دڵنیایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jistota" title="Jistota – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jistota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewissheit" title="Gewissheit – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gewissheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certainty" title="Certainty – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Certainty" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certeco" title="Certeco – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Certeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certeza_y_opini%C3%B3n" title="Certeza y opinión – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Certeza y opinión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B5sikindlus" title="Tõsikindlus – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tõsikindlus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziurtasun" title="Ziurtasun – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ziurtasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%86" title="یقین – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یقین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certitude" title="Certitude – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Certitude" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certeza" title="Certeza – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Certeza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%93%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ודאות – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ודאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certezza" title="Certezza – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Certezza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1" title="확정성 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="확정성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pewno%C5%9B%C4%87_(teoria_decyzji)" title="Pewność (teoria decyzji) – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pewność (teoria decyzji)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certeza" title="Certeza – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Certeza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certitudine" title="Certitudine – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Certitudine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istota" title="Istota – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Istota" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siguria_objektive" title="Siguria objektive – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Siguria objektive" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Извесност – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Извесност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4kerhet_(filosofi)" title="Säkerhet (filosofi) – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Säkerhet (filosofi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Певність (філософія) – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Певність (філософія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="זיכערקייט – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זיכערקייט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" title="確定性 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="確定性" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1520777#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A&oldid=1991959" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A&id=1991959&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%25A2%25BA%25E5%25AE%259A"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%25A2%25BA%25E5%25AE%259A"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1520777" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2009783">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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title="知識論">知識論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A" title="不確定">不確定</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="知識論" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" title="Template:知識論"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" title="Template talk:知識論"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="知識論" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" title="知識論">知識論</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="研究知識本質嘅哲學領域">研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" title="知識">知識</a>本質嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="哲學">哲學</a>領域</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>概念</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" title="知識">知識</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E5%98%85%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="知識嘅定義">定義</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episteme" title="Episteme">Episteme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BF%B5" title="信念">信念</a>（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">確定</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F" title="真">真確</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%93%9A" title="理據">理據</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A" title="證據">證據</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E8%9E%8D%E8%B2%AB%E8%AB%96" title="真理融貫論">真理融貫論</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTB_%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="JTB 理論">JTB 理論</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%8F%90%E9%9B%85%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="葛提雅問題">葛提雅問題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%89%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="證明">證明</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E7%B4%8D" title="歸納">歸納</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E7%B4%8D%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="歸納問題">歸納問題</a>）</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%80%80%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="後退論證">後退論證</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E8%AD%89%E8%87%AA%E6%98%8E" title="不證自明">不證自明</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86" title="公理">公理</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="基礎主義">基礎主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="概念">概念</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E5%AF%A6" title="事實">事實</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%A6%8B" title="意見">意見</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E5%BE%8B" title="規律">規律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E6%A7%8B" title="建構">建構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%80" title="客觀">客觀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A" title="不確定">不確定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%92%E9%82%AA%E9%9D%88" title="笛卡兒邪靈">笛卡兒邪靈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="哲學分析">哲學分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%96%AE" title="簡單">簡單</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9D%8E%E5%89%83%E5%88%80" title="奧坎剃刀">奧坎剃刀</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>知識分類</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E8%BF%B0%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" title="陳述知識">陳述知識</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" title="過程知識">過程知識</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E8%BA%AB%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" title="親身知識">親身知識</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%BD%E8%AC%9B%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="聽講知識">聽講知識</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%97%E5%90%8C%E5%BE%8C%E9%A9%97" title="先驗同後驗">先驗同後驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90-%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E5%8D%80%E5%88%A5" title="分析-綜合區別">分析-綜合區別</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="先天知識">先天知識</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E8%AD%98" title="常識">常識</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>主要學派</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經驗主義">經驗主義</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E8%AD%89" title="實證">實證</a>）同<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="理性主義">理性主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E6%87%B7%E7%96%91%E8%AB%96" title="知識懷疑論">懷疑論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F%E8%AB%96" title="還原論">還原論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="實用主義">實用主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="相對主義">相對主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E8%AB%96" title="唯心論">唯心論</a></li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%9C%89%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AA%AA" title="固有知識說">固有知識說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%A6%BA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="感覺主義">感覺主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E8%AD%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="實證主義">實證主義</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalized_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Naturalized epistemology">自然化知識論</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contextualism" class="extiw" title="en:Contextualism">文脈主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9C%9F%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6%E8%AB%96" title="天真現實論">天真現實論</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="現象主義">現象主義</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>重要學者</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%96" title="柏拉圖">柏拉圖</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E7%9B%A7%E7%AF%87" title="美盧篇">美盧篇</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="阿里士多德">阿里士多德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%A7%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%92" title="勒內·笛卡兒">笛卡兒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E4%BC%91%E8%AC%A8" title="大衛休謨">大衛休謨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="伊曼努爾·康德">伊曼努爾·康德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E6%8F%90%E9%9B%85" title="艾德蒙德·葛提雅">艾德蒙德·葛提雅</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>拉雜相關</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogito_ergo_sum" title="Cogito ergo sum">Cogito ergo sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellect" title="Intellect">Intellect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="智能">智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%B6%E4%B8%AD%E8%85%A6" title="桶中腦">桶中腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形而上學">形而上學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E9%9D%88%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="心靈哲學">心靈哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="啟蒙時期">啟蒙時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="認知心理學">認知心理學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5" title="認知">認知</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5" title="感知">感知</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA" title="知識表示">知識表示</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E7%8E%87%E8%AB%96" title="概率論">概率論</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Thinker_Musee_Rodin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Thinker_Musee_Rodin.jpg/22px-The_Thinker_Musee_Rodin.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Thinker_Musee_Rodin.jpg/34px-The_Thinker_Musee_Rodin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Thinker_Musee_Rodin.jpg/45px-The_Thinker_Musee_Rodin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></td> <td><div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="font-size: small;">呢篇同<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="哲學">哲學</a>有關嘅文係<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A5%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:楔">楔</a>位文。歡迎幫維基百科<a class="external text" 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