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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Скорешни промени</span></a></li><li id="n-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0"><span>Селска чешма</span></a></li><li id="n-Викисредби" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0"><span>Викисредби</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Место каде што може да се информирате."><span>Помош</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедија" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sr.svg" style="width: 7.8125em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Слободна енциклопедија" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-mk.svg" width="114" height="11" style="width: 7.125em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Пребарај низ Википедија [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пребарај</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Пребарајте по Википедија" aria-label="Пребарајте по Википедија" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Пребарај низ Википедија [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специјална:Барај"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пребарај</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични алатки"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Изглед"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Сменете ги големината на фонтот, ширината и бојата" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Изглед" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Изглед</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mk.wikipedia.org&uselang=mk" class=""><span>Дарување</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0+%28%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%29" title="Ви препорачуваме да направите сметка и да се најавите, иако тоа не е задолжително" class=""><span>Направи сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0+%28%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%29" title="Ви препорачуваме да се најавите, иако тоа не е задолжително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Најава</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Повеќе можности" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични алатки" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични алатки</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Корисничко мени" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mk.wikipedia.org&uselang=mk"><span>Дарување</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0+%28%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%29" title="Ви препорачуваме да направите сметка и да се најавите, иако тоа не е задолжително"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Направи сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0+%28%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%29" title="Ви препорачуваме да се најавите, иако тоа не е задолжително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Најава</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за одјавени уредници <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4" aria-label="Дознајте повеќе за уредувањето"><span>дознајте повеќе</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Список на уредувања направени од оваа IP-адреса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Придонеси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Разговор за уредувањата од оваа IP-адреса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Разговор</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eтргни\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"mk\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv 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/\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003EУредувачки викенд „Турска кујна“\u003C/figcaption\u003E\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EСе известуваат сите заинтересирани уредници на Википедија на македонски јазик дека во периодот 23-24 ноември 2024 година ќе се одржи \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8\" title=\"Википедија:Уредувачки викенди\"\u003Eуредувачки викенд\u003C/a\u003E на тема „\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_2024#Турска_кујна\" title=\"Википедија:Уредувачки викенди 2024\"\u003EТурска кујна\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E“.\n\u003Cbr style=\"clear:both;\" /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cfigure class=\"mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Wikipe-tan_mopping.png\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wikipe-tan_mopping.png/25px-Wikipe-tan_mopping.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"30\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wikipe-tan_mopping.png/38px-Wikipe-tan_mopping.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wikipe-tan_mopping.png/50px-Wikipe-tan_mopping.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1800\" data-file-height=\"2149\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003C/figcaption\u003E\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EСе известуваат сите заинтересирани уредници дека во периодот од 4 ноември до 3 декември 2024 година се одржува \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8\" title=\"Википедија:Уредувачки натпревари\"\u003Eуредувачки натпревар\u003C/a\u003E за \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_(2024)\" title=\"Википедија:Уредувачки натпревари/Средување (2024)\"\u003Eсредување на статии\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. Прочитајте ги правилата и вклучете се!\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Мрежно место"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Содржина" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Содржина</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">премести во страничникот</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почеток</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Групи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Групи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Групи</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Групи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Поврзано" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Поврзано"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Поврзано</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Поврзано-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Наводи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Наводи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Наводи</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Наводи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Содржина" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прик./скр. содржина" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прик./скр. содржина</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Група (периоден систем)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Појдете на статија на друг јазик. Достапно на 78 јазици" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 јазици</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groep_(periodieke_tabel)" title="Groep (periodieke tabel) — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Groep (periodieke tabel)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems — швајцарски германски" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gruppe des Periodensystems" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швајцарски германски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C3%A1vkku_(r%C3%A1i%C4%91ul%C3%A2%C5%A1_vu%C3%A1h%C3%A1d%C3%A2h)" title="Juávkku (ráiđulâš vuáhádâh) — инариски сами" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Juávkku (ráiđulâš vuáhádâh)" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="инариски сами" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_(%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A)" title="مجموعة (جدول دوري) — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة (جدول دوري)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_d%27a_tabla_periodica" title="Grupo d'a tabla periodica — арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grupo d'a tabla periodica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupu_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Grupu de la tabla periódica — астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Grupu de la tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vri_c%C9%99dv%C9%99l_qrupu" title="Dövri cədvəl qrupu — азербејџански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövri cədvəl qrupu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербејџански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watek_(tab%C3%A9l_p%C3%A9riodik)" title="Watek (tabél périodik) — балиски" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Watek (tabél périodik)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="балиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF)" title="শ্রেণি (পর্যায় সারণি) — бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শ্রেণি (পর্যায় সারণি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A2n-s%C3%B2%CD%98_%C3%AA_cho%CC%8Dk" title="Goân-sò͘ ê cho̍k — јужномински" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goân-sò͘ ê cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="јужномински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Група перыядычнай сістэмы — белоруски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Група перыядычнай сістэмы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белоруски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Група на периодичната система — бугарски" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Група на периодичната система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="бугарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Grupa periodnog sistema elemenata — босански" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grupa periodnog sistema elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strollad_eus_an_daolenn_beriodek" title="Strollad eus an daolenn beriodek — бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strollad eus an daolenn beriodek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_de_la_taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Grup de la taula periòdica — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grup de la taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupina_(periodick%C3%A1_tabulka)" title="Skupina (periodická tabulka) — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skupina (periodická tabulka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C5%B5p_yn_y_tabl_cyfnodol" title="Grŵp yn y tabl cyfnodol — велшки" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Grŵp yn y tabl cyfnodol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="велшки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppe_(periodiske_system)" title="Gruppe (periodiske system) — дански" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gruppe (periodiske system)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems — германски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gruppe des Periodensystems" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="германски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Ομάδα περιοδικού πίνακα — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ομάδα περιοδικού πίνακα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table) — англиски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Group (periodic table)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Grupo de la tabla periódica — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grupo de la tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_de_la_perioda_tabelo" title="Grupo de la perioda tabelo — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grupo de la perioda tabelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoko_talde" title="Taula periodikoko talde — баскиски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taula periodikoko talde" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="گروه‌های جدول تناوبی — персиски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه‌های جدول تناوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe du tableau périodique — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe du tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemyske_kloft" title="Gemyske kloft — западнофризиски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gemyske kloft" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BApa%C3%AD_an_t%C3%A1bla_pheiriadaigh" title="Grúpaí an tábla pheiriadaigh — ирски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grúpaí an tábla pheiriadaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possan_(y_taabyl_reiltagh)" title="Possan (y taabyl reiltagh) — манкс" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Possan (y taabyl reiltagh)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="манкс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_da_t%C3%A1boa_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Grupo da táboa periódica — галициски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Grupo da táboa periódica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галициски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B1_(%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C)" title="족 (주기율표) — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="족 (주기율표)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2" title="Պարբերական աղյուսակի խումբ — ерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարբերական աղյուսակի խումբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9_(%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80)" title="समूह (आवर्त सारणी) — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समूह (आवर्त सारणी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupina_periodnog_sustava" title="Skupina periodnog sustava — хрватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Skupina periodnog sustava" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golongan_tabel_periodik" title="Golongan tabel periodik — индонезиски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Golongan tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppos_del_tabella_periodic" title="Gruppos del tabella periodic — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gruppos del tabella periodic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnaflokkur" title="Efnaflokkur — исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnaflokkur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Gruppo della tavola periodica — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gruppo della tavola periodica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="קבוצה (כימיה) — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבוצה (כימיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golongan_tab%C3%A8l_p%C3%A9riodik" title="Golongan tabèl périodik — јавански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Golongan tabèl périodik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="јавански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grex_(systema_periodicum)" title="Grex (systema periodicum) — латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Grex (systema periodicum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodisk%C4%81s_tabulas_grupa" title="Periodiskās tabulas grupa — латвиски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Periodiskās tabulas grupa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupp_de_la_taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Grupp de la taula periòdica — ломбардиски" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grupp de la taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)" title="ഗ്രൂപ്പ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക) — малајалски" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രൂപ്പ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малајалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%8Dp%C5%AB_ripanga_p%C5%ABmotu" title="Rōpū ripanga pūmotu — маорски" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rōpū ripanga pūmotu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маорски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumpulan_jadual_berkala" title="Kumpulan jadual berkala — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kumpulan jadual berkala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Үелэх системийн бүлэг — монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үелэх системийн бүлэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groep_(periodiek_systeem)" title="Groep (periodiek systeem) — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groep (periodiek systeem)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E3%81%AE%E6%97%8F" title="元素の族 — јапонски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="元素の族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemets_grupper" title="Periodesystemets grupper — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Periodesystemets grupper" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppene_i_periodesystemet" title="Gruppene i periodesystemet — норвешки нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gruppene i periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвешки нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80_(%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80)" title="ଶ୍ରେଣୀ (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ) — одија" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଶ୍ରେଣୀ (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="одија" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupp_(Chemie)" title="Grupp (Chemie) — долногермански" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grupp (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="долногермански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupa_uk%C5%82adu_okresowego" title="Grupa układu okresowego — полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grupa układu okresowego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Grupo (química) — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grupo (química)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup%C4%83_(tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor)" title="Grupă (tabelul periodic al elementelor) — романски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grupă (tabelul periodic al elementelor)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="романски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Группа периодической системы — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Группа периодической системы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupet_e_sistemit_periodik" title="Grupet e sistemit periodik — албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grupet e sistemit periodik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table) — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Group (periodic table)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupina_(periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Skupina (periodická tabuľka) — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Skupina (periodická tabuľka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupina_periodnega_sistema" title="Skupina periodnega sistema — словенечки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Skupina periodnega sistema" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Група (периодни систем) — српски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Група (периодни систем)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="српски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupa_periodnog_sistema" title="Grupa periodnog sistema — српскохрватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grupa periodnog sistema" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="српскохрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golongan_tab%C3%A9l_periodik" title="Golongan tabél periodik — сундски" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Golongan tabél periodik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryhm%C3%A4_(jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4)" title="Ryhmä (jaksollinen järjestelmä) — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ryhmä (jaksollinen järjestelmä)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiska_systemets_grupper" title="Periodiska systemets grupper — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Periodiska systemets grupper" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88)" title="நெடுங்குழு (தனிம அட்டவணை) — тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெடுங்குழு (தனிம அட்டவணை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D_(%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95)" title="గ్రూప్ (ఆవర్తన పట్టిక) — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రూప్ (ఆవర్తన పట్టిక)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)" title="หมู่ (ตารางธาตุ) — тајландски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมู่ (ตารางธาตุ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тајландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_(periyodik_tablo)" title="Grup (periyodik tablo) — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grup (periyodik tablo)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Група періодичної системи — украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Група періодичної системи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%81_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84)" title="گروہ (دوری جدول) — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گروہ (دوری جدول)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_(b%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n)" title="Nhóm (bảng tuần hoàn) — виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm (bảng tuần hoàn)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groep_(periodieke_tabelle)" title="Groep (periodieke tabelle) — западнофламански" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Groep (periodieke tabelle)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="западнофламански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_(taramdan_peryodika)" title="Grupo (taramdan peryodika) — варајски" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Grupo (taramdan peryodika)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриј</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Од Википедија — слободната енциклопедија</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mk" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Periodic_table_mk.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Periodic_table_mk.svg/425px-Periodic_table_mk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="425" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Periodic_table_mk.svg/638px-Periodic_table_mk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Periodic_table_mk.svg/850px-Periodic_table_mk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Периоден систем на елементите">Периоден систем на елементите</a> каде секоја колона е <i>група</i> означена со соодветна бројка.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Група</b> или <b>семејство</b> — поим во <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемија">хемијата</a> кој означува колона од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Периоден систем">периодниот систем</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Хемиски елемент">елементите</a>. Постојат 18 вакви групи означени со бројка, освен колоните на <a href="/w/index.php?title=F-%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F-блок (страницата не постои)">f-блокот</a> (меѓу група 2 и 3). Елементите во една група имаат слични физички и хемиски особености на најнадворешните <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електронска обвивка">електронски обвивки</a> на нивните <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атоми</a> (т.е. имаат ист јадрен полнеж), со оглед на тоа што највеќето хемиски својства ги одредува <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Атомска орбитала">орбиталната</a> положба на најнадворешниот <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">електрон</a>. </p><p>Постојат три начини на означување на групите. Современиот начин на бележење (група 1-18) е препорачан од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Меѓународен сојуз за чиста и применета хемија">Меѓународниот сојуз за чиста и применета хемија</a> (МСЧПХ или IUPAC) и претставува замена за две постари шеми кои предизвикуваат забуни. Групите може да се означуваат и според нивниот најгорен елемент, или пак да имаат сопствен назив. На пример, групата 16 се нарекува и <i>кислородна група</i> или <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Халкогени">халкогени</a></i>. во 1989 г. како појдовен е земен долгиот облик на периодниот систем<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> со препорака да се користат арапските бројки од 1 до 18. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Групи"><span id=".D0.93.D1.80.D1.83.D0.BF.D0.B8"></span>Групи</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уреди го одделот „Групи“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Групи"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Нов назив<br />(МСЧПХ)</th> <th>По старо<br />(МСЧПХ) <span style="font-weight:normal;">(Европа)</span></th> <th>CAS<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">(САД)</span></th> <th>Називи според елементи</th> <th>Тривијален назив<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">(*=одобрен од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%A1%D0%A7%D0%9F%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="МСЧПХ">МСЧПХ</a>)</span></th> <th style="text-align:left">Белешка </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">01 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_1_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Група 1 на периодниот систем">Група 1</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">1A </span><span class="sorttext">IA</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">1A </span><span class="sorttext">IA</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум">литиумско</a> семејство</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алкален метал">алкални метали</a>*</td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород">Водородот</a> ѝ припаѓа на оваа колона, но не се смета за алкален метал </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">02 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_2_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Група 2 на периодниот систем">Група 2</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">2A </span><span class="sorttext">IIA</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">2A </span><span class="sorttext">IIA</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Берилиум">берилиумско</a> семејство</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Земноалкален метал">земноалкални метали</a>*</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">03 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_3_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 3 на периодниот систем">Група 3</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">3A </span><span class="sorttext">IIIA</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">3B </span><span class="sorttext">IIIB</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Скандиум">скандиумско</a> семејство</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left">Се состои од <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Реткоземен елемент (страницата не постои)">реткоземните елементи</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Актиноид">актиноидите</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">04 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 4 на периодниот систем">Група 4</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">4A </span><span class="sorttext">IVA</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">4B </span><span class="sorttext">IVB</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Титан">титанско</a> семејство</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">05 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 5 на периодниот систем">Група 5</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">5A </span><span class="sorttext">VA</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">5A </span><span class="sorttext">VB</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ванадиум">ванадиумско</a> семејство</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">06 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_6_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 6 на периодниот систем">Група 6</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">6A </span><span class="sorttext">VIA</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">6B </span><span class="sorttext">VIB</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Хром">хромно</a> семејство</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">07 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 7 на периодниот систем">Група 7</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7A </span><span class="sorttext">VIIA</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7B </span><span class="sorttext">VIIB</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган">манганово</a> семејство</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">08 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 8 на периодниот систем">Група 8</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">80 </span><span class="sorttext">VIII</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">8B1 </span><span class="sorttext">VIIIB</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Железо">железно</a> семејство</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">09 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 9 на периодниот систем">Група 9</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">81 </span><span class="sorttext">VIII</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">8B2 </span><span class="sorttext">VIIIB</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Кобалт">кобалтно</a> семејство</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">10 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_10_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 10 на периодниот систем">Група 10</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">82 </span><span class="sorttext">VIII</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">8B3 </span><span class="sorttext">VIIIB</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Никел">никлено</a> семејство</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">11 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_11_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 11 на периодниот систем">Група 11</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">1B </span><span class="sorttext">IB</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">1B </span><span class="sorttext">IB</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бакар">бакарно</a> семејство</td> <td>монетни метали</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">12 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_12_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 12 на периодниот систем">Група 12</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">2B </span><span class="sorttext">IIB</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">2B </span><span class="sorttext">IIB</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк">цинково</a> семејство</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Испарливи метали (страницата не постои)">испарливи метали</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">13 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_13_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Група 13 на периодниот систем">Група 13</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">3B </span><span class="sorttext">IIIB</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">3A </span><span class="sorttext">IIIA</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (елемент)">борово</a> семејство</td> <td>триели, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Икосаген">икосагени</a></td> <td style="text-align:left"><i>триели</i> = „третници“ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">14 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_14_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Група 14 на периодниот систем">Група 14</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">4B </span><span class="sorttext">IVB</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">4A </span><span class="sorttext">IVA</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јаглерод">јаглеродно</a> семејство</td> <td>тетрели, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Кристалоген">кристалогени</a></td> <td style="text-align:left"><i>тетрели</i> = „четвртници“ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">15 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_15_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Група 15 на периодниот систем">Група 15</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">5B </span><span class="sorttext">VB</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">5A </span><span class="sorttext">VA</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот">азотно</a> семејство</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Пниктоген">пниктогени</a>*</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">16 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_16_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Група 16 на периодниот систем">Група 16</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">6B </span><span class="sorttext">VIB</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">6A </span><span class="sorttext">VIA</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">кислородно</a> семејство</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Халкоген">халкогени</a>*</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">17 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_17_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Група 17 на периодниот систем">Група 17</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7B </span><span class="sorttext">VIIB</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7A </span><span class="sorttext">VIIA</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Флуор">флуорно</a> семејство</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Халоген">халогени</a>*</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">18 </span><span class="sorttext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_18_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Група 18 на периодниот систем">Група 18</a></span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">00 </span><span class="sorttext">Група 0</span></td> <td><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">8A </span><span class="sorttext">VIIIA</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хелиум">хелиумско</a></span> или <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон">неонско</a> семејство</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Благороден гас">благородни гасови</a>*, аерогени</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Поврзано"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BE"></span>Поврзано</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уреди го одделот „Поврзано“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Поврзано"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Блок (периоден систем)">Блок (периоден систем)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Периода (периоден систем)">Периода (периоден систем)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Наводи"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B8"></span>Наводи</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уреди го одделот „Наводи“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Наводи"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Сайфуллин Р.С., Сайфуллин А.Р. Новая таблица Менделеева // <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Химия и жизнь">Химия и жизнь</a>.— 2003.— № 12.— С. 14—17.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уреди го одделот „Литература“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Литература"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFScerri2007" class="citation book">Scerri, E. R. (2007). <i>The periodic table, its story and its significance</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-19-530573-9" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-19-530573-9"><bdi>978-0-19-530573-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+periodic+table%2C+its+story+and+its+significance&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530573-9&rft.aulast=Scerri&rft.aufirst=E.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0+%28%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%29" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5289462">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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