Les sciences participatives au service des sols

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</div> </header> <div class="ProgressBar" data-ci-id="progressbar" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="ProgressBar-inner" data-progressbar></span> </div> <nav class="Breadcrumbs"> <ul class="Breadcrumbs-content"> <li class="Breadcrumbs-item" > <a href="/">Accueil</a> <svg class="icon icon-arrow" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-arrow"></use><g></g></svg> </li> <li class="Breadcrumbs-item" > <a href="/actualites">Toutes les actualités</a> <svg class="icon icon-arrow" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-arrow"></use><g></g></svg> </li> <li class="Breadcrumbs-item" aria-current="page"> <span>Les sciences participatives au service des sols</span> </li> </ul> </nav> <main> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <article> <div class="Summary 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xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-clock"></use><g></g></svg> 5 min </span> </p> <h1 class="Hero-title">Les sciences participatives au service des sols</h1> <p class="Hero-intro" data-ci-id="hero-intro">Au cœur d’enjeux majeurs de santé, d’environnement ou encore de société, les sols ont depuis peu fait leur entrée dans la sphère publique. Citoyens et scientifiques, dont les scientifiques INRAE, collaborent désormais à des projets communs au service de la qualité des sols.</p> <p class="Hero-date"> <span data-ci-id="hero-date">Publié le 04 décembre 2020</span> </p> </div> <div class="Hero-media"> <figure class="Hero-image" role="group" aria-label="© INRAE, Bertrand Nicolas"> <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/styles/actu/public/jpg/5157-0158.jpg?itok=c2ZdsVq3"/> <figcaption class="Hero-imageCopyright"> <span data-ci-id="hero-imagedescription" class="hidden">illustration Les sciences participatives au service des sols</span> <span data-ci-id="hero-imagecopyright">© INRAE, Bertrand Nicolas</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </header> <div class="Wrapper-columns"> <div class="Wrapper-colMain"> <div class="RichText" data-summary-content> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Apparues dans les pays anglo-saxons au début du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, les sciences participatives sont arrivées en France en 1989 avec le premier observatoire de suivi des oiseaux communs (STOC). Depuis, de très nombreux projets ont vu le jour, à l’échelle nationale ou locale dont certains concernent les sols. </span></span></span></span></span></p> <blockquote class="editable_blockquote"> <p>Les sciences et recherches participatives sont des formes de production de connaissances scientifiques auxquelles participent, aux côtés des chercheurs, des acteurs de la société civile, à titre individuel ou collectif, de façon active et délibérée. <em>Charte des sciences et recherches participatives en France, 2017</em></p> </blockquote> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Inventaires naturalistes, évaluation de la qualité des sols des écosystèmes agricoles et urbains, impacts des pratiques et pratiques innovantes… les projets de sciences participatives associent des chercheurs et des citoyens usagers des sols (agriculteurs, citoyens, jardiniers, consommateurs, aménageurs…) dont l’implication peut aller de la simple demande d’information jusqu’à la construction voire le financement des projets de recherche.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span>La faune du sol, dont les vers de terre, est fréquemment étudiée car facile à observer ou bien connue du public ; la microbiologie se profile depuis peu avec des outils moléculaires complexes mais des interprétations simples.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <h2><span><span><span><span><span>Des projets sur la qualité des sols</span></span></span></span></span></h2> <p><span><span><span>Les organismes vivants du sol jouent un rôle fondamental dans son fonctionnement et sa capacité à assurer des <span><span>fonctions essentielles - </span></span>support, filtre, tampon ou encore réservoir. Ils constituent également de bons indicateurs de son évolution et des impacts des pratiques agricoles.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span>Une bêche, une bâche…. L’observatoire participatif <a href="https://www.open-sciences-participatives.org/fiche-observatoire/230#"><strong>#Bouché2022</strong></a> propose d'inventorier entre 2019 et 2021, les espèces de vers de terre présentes en France et de partager les observations avec les scientifiques pour découvrir comment leur répartition a évolué depuis 50 ans.  #Bouché2022 est une action du réseau Tebis - Traits écologiques et biologiques des organismes du sol, porté par INRAE et ses partenaires.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Le projet <a href="https://www.ofsv.org/images/documentations/rapport_agrinnov_final_8_juin_2016.pdf"><strong>Agrinnov</strong></a> (<span class="scayt-misspell-word">Casdar</span>, 2011-2015), coordonné par INRAE associait agriculteurs et chercheurs en écologie du sol dans la perspective de développer des indicateurs (faunistiques, microbiologiques et agronomiques) qui permettent d’établir un diagnostic de la qualité biologique des sols agricoles et de l’impact des pratiques.</span></span> Agrinnov a permis de valider la séquence de diagnostic de la qualité des sols agricoles par les agriculteurs. D<span><span>es formations théoriques et pratiques sur la biologie des sols ont également été développées ainsi qu’un mode opératoire pour le transfert des résultats du projet.</span></span> Au-delà d’un grand volume de données, Agrinnov a permis d’identifier des <span><span>actions d’amélioration sur la base de nouveaux repères d’analyse de la performance du sol d’un système de culture pour aller vers des méthodes d’accompagnement du changement.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span>Issu du précédent projet, le <strong>Réseau d’expérimentation et de veille à l’innovation agricole – <a href="https://www.ofsv.org/le-reva">REVA</a></strong> auquel INRAE est associé, fournit l’ingénierie de projet, l’expertise scientifique et les outils de diagnostic de l’état biologique des sols pour qu’ensuite les agriculteurs évaluent leurs pratiques, expérimentent et fassent évoluer leurs modèles agricoles vers une agriculture plus durable. Créé en 2016, REVA a progressivement évolué pour monter en puissance : les outils de suivi de l’impact des pratiques sur la qualité biologique des sols ont été affinés pour permettre aux agriculteurs un suivi annuel, une base de données et des applications environnantes sont désormais disponibles, certains fournisseurs de l’agriculture envisagent déjà d’externaliser une partie de leur R&D dans le REVA.</span></span></span></p> <p><span>Le </span>projet<span> </span><strong>EcoVitiSol </strong>(AFB, 2019-2021)<span>, </span>porté<span> par </span>INRAE<span>, a pour </span>objectif<span> </span>d’évaluer<span> </span>l’impact<span> </span>des<span> modes de production </span>viticole<span> (</span>conventionel<span>, AB ou </span>biodynamie<span>) </span>sur<span> la </span>qualité<span> </span>microbiologique<span> des </span>sols<span>. Au-</span>delà<span> de </span>combler<span> un manque de </span>connaissances<span> à </span>propos<span> de </span>l’impact<span> </span>des<span> modes de production, ce </span>projet<span> </span>doit<span> amener les </span>viticulteurs<span> à </span>mieux<span> </span>prendre<span> en </span>compte<span> la </span>qualité<span> de </span>leur<span> </span>sols<span>, </span>l’impact<span> de </span>leurs<span> pratiques et à </span>envisager<span> </span>d’évoluer<span> </span>vers<span> </span>des<span> modes de production plus </span>vertueux<span>.</span></p> <div class="Linkbox"> <div class="Linkbox-media"><img alt class="Linkbox-img" src="https://www.static.inrae.fr/cdn/ff/s92WRAWFcTC-_ffIOs7VKlP57GkH9TwNgv4p3y09cVY/1606827107/public/styles/blocklink_image/public/jpg/ecovitisol_1ere%20r%C3%A9union.jpg"></div> <div class="Linkbox-content"><span class="Linkbox-mention">EcoVitiSol : réunion de restitution aux viticulteurs des résultats de la qualité des sols viticoles</span> <a class="Linkbox-title" href="https://www.inrae.fr/actualites/ecovitisol-1ere-reunion-restitution-aux-viticulteurs-resultats-qualite-sols-viticoles" target="_blank"> <span class="Linkbox-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-link" focusable="false" height="20" width="20"><use href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-link" /></svg> <span class="hidden">(nouvelle fenêtre)</span> </span> </a> <p class="Linkbox-text">Retour sur la première réunion de restitution des résultats d'analyse de la qualité physico-chimique et microbiologique des sols des parcelles des viticulteurs de la côte de Nuits Saint Georges et de la côte de Beaune.</p> </div> </div> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Le projet <strong><a href="https://appelsaprojets.ademe.fr/aap/CO32019-101#resultats">Clés de sol</a> </strong>(Ademe, 2019-2021) auquel est associé INRAE, vise à accroitre les connaissances sur les sols en améliorant leur cartographie aux échelles territoriales et en contribuant à diffuser dans la société une meilleure information sur les sols et les enjeux dont ils sont porteurs.  Les protocoles de prélèvement et d’analyse simplifiée sont désormais stabilisés, les outils pédagogiques sont en cours de réalisation et l’année 2021 préparera le déploiement du projet.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <h2><span><span><span><span><span>Qualité des sols urbains et aménagement des territoires</span></span></span></span></span></h2> <p><span><span><span>Au travers du<span><span> projet <strong>Dijon Alimentation durable 2030</strong>, lauréat de l’appel à projets "Territoire d’Innovation" du Programme d'nvestissements d’avenir et auquel est associé INRAE, </span></span>Dijon Métropole souhaite montrer que l’évolution vers un système alimentaire durable est une opportunité de transformation du territoire, d’un point de vue environnemental, économique et social. L’ambition repose sur une approche globale intervenant sur l’ensemble des activités de production, d’échange, de transformation, de distribution et de consommation du territoire. Dans ce projet, une action « Sol » a pour ambition d’établir un diagnostic de la qualité des sols de l’aire urbaine de Dijon en fonction des modes d’usages. Ce volet, mené de manière académique, entrainera ensuite citoyens et usagers du sol vers « une transformation du territoire » de Dijon Métropole. Celle-ci permettra en retour, avec la participation des usagers des sols d’étudier l’impact des changements de pratiques et de changements globaux sur la qualité des sols.  </span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>Le projet <strong><a href="http://ephytia.inra.fr/fr/P/165/jardibiodiv">JardiBioDiv</a>,</strong> auquel est associé INRAE, s’intéresse à la biodiversité, encore peu connue, présente en surface des sols des jardins en ville mais aussi dans d’autres écosystèmes comme les jardins ruraux, des parcelles de maraîchage, de parcelles agricoles ou encore de parcelles de forêt. Protocoles d’échantillonnage, fiches descriptives des 28 groupes d’invertébrés susceptibles d’être présents à la surface des sols, protocoles d’aide à l’identification… Jardibiodiv a été co-construit dans le but de proposer un outil ludique pour le public tout en étant pédagogique et robuste puisque la base de données obtenues peut aider les scientifiques à instruire des questionnements non résolus sur la biodiversité des sols. Une application smartphone est en cours de création pour faciliter l’envoi des données et favoriser les échanges entre scientifiques et citoyen.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Ces projets participatifs, notamment lorsqu'ils concernent les sols, facilitent et améliorent la sensibilisation et l’éducation des citoyens aux enjeux globaux ainsi que le transfert des connaissances et des outils de recherche. Ils constituent un levier d’intérêt <span class="scayt-misspell-word">auprès</span> <span class="scayt-misspell-word">des</span> agriculteurs pour faire évoluer leurs pratiques vers plus de durabilité. Ils favorisent l’accès des scientifiques à des masses importantes de données dont des données issues d’espaces privés ou du moins dont l’accès ne leur est pas immédiat, comme les jardins privés. </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Une façon renouvelée de faire de la recherche de haut niveau au plus près de la société. </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-center"><a class="Button button-small" href="https://www.inrae.fr/agroecologie/sols-essentiels-planete" target="_blank">Retrouvez l’intégralité du dossier : les sols, essentiels pour la planète</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="Wrapper-sidebar"> <div class="Tags"><ul><li><a class="Tags-item" href="https://www.inrae.fr/recherche?inrae_prod[refinementList][field_tags_name][0]=recherche participative" data-ci-id="tag"> recherche participative </a></li><li><a class="Tags-item" href="https://www.inrae.fr/recherche?inrae_prod[refinementList][field_tags_name][0]=étude des sols" data-ci-id="tag"> étude des sols </a></li><li><a class="Tags-item" href="https://www.inrae.fr/recherche?inrae_prod[refinementList][field_tags_name][0]=relation science-société" data-ci-id="tag"> relation science-société </a></li></ul></div><p class="IdentityCard"><span class="IdentityCard-img" ><svg class="icon icon-user2" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-user2"></use><g></g></svg></span><span class="IdentityCard-content"><a class="IdentityCard-name" data-id="contact-8050" href="#contact-8050" target="_blank"> Catherine Foucaud-Scheunemann <svg class="icon icon-mail" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-mail"></use><g></g></svg><span class="hidden">(Envoyer un courriel)</span></a><span class="IdentityCard-role">Rédactrice</span></span></p><div class="Box"><div class="Box-header Box-header--main" ><span class="Box-icon"><svg class="icon icon-bubble" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-bubble"></use><g></g></svg></span><h2 class="Box-title"> Contacts </h2></div><div class="Box-body "><p class="IdentityCard"><span class="IdentityCard-img" ><svg class="icon icon-user2" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-user2"></use><g></g></svg></span><span class="IdentityCard-content"><a class="IdentityCard-name" data-id="contact-8049" href="#contact-8049" target="_blank"> Lionel Ranjard <svg class="icon icon-mail" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-mail"></use><g></g></svg><span class="hidden">(Envoyer un courriel)</span></a><span class="IdentityCard-ref">UMR Agroécologie (INRAE, AgroSup Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, CNRS)</span></span></p></div></div><div class="Box"><div class="Box-header Box-header--white" ><span class="Box-icon"><svg class="icon icon-center" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-center"></use><g></g></svg></span><h2 class="Box-title"> Le centre </h2></div><div class="Box-body Box-body--white"><article class="CardCenter CardCenter--isCollapsed"><div class="CardCenter-main"><div class="CardCenter-content"><span class="CardCenter-intro"> Bourgogne-Franche-Comté </span><span class="CardCenter-cta"><a class="Link Link--secondary" href="/centres/bourgogne-franche-comte" target="_blank" aria-label="Consulter le centre (Nouvelle fenêtre)" rel="noreferrer" > Consulter le centre <svg class="icon icon-arrow" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-arrow"></use><g></g></svg></a></span></div></div></article></div></div><div class="Box"><div class="Box-header Box-header--white" ><span class="Box-icon"><svg class="icon icon-department" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-department"></use><g></g></svg></span><h2 class="Box-title"> Les départements </h2></div><div class="Box-body Box-body--white"><article class="CardCenter CardCenter--isCollapsed"><div class="CardCenter-main"><div class="CardCenter-content"><span class="CardCenter-intro"> AGROECOSYSTEM </span><span class="CardCenter-cta"><a class="Link Link--secondary" href="/departements/agroecosystem" target="_blank" aria-label="Voir le département (Nouvelle fenêtre)" rel="noreferrer" > Voir le département <svg class="icon icon-arrow" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-arrow"></use><g></g></svg></a></span></div></div></article><article class="CardCenter CardCenter--isCollapsed"><div class="CardCenter-main"><div class="CardCenter-content"><span class="CardCenter-intro"> BAP </span><span class="CardCenter-cta"><a class="Link Link--secondary" href="/departements/bap" target="_blank" aria-label="Voir le département (Nouvelle fenêtre)" rel="noreferrer" > Voir le département <svg class="icon icon-arrow" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-arrow"></use><g></g></svg></a></span></div></div></article><article class="CardCenter CardCenter--isCollapsed"><div class="CardCenter-main"><div class="CardCenter-content"><span class="CardCenter-intro"> SPE </span><span class="CardCenter-cta"><a class="Link Link--secondary" href="/departements/spe" target="_blank" aria-label="Voir le département (Nouvelle fenêtre)" rel="noreferrer" > Voir le département <svg class="icon icon-arrow" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/inrae_socle/public/dist/main.svg#icon-arrow"></use><g></g></svg></a></span></div></div></article></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="Wrapper Wrapper--gray rwd--noPrint"> <div class="Wrapper-content"> <header class="SectionHead" data-ci-id="related-block"> <div class="SectionHead-titles"> <h2 class="SectionHead-title"> En savoir plus </h2> </div> </header> <div class="GridM"> <div class="GridM-4"> <article class="Teaser Teaser--card" data-ci-id="related-teaser"> <div class="Teaser-content"> <p class="Teaser-info"> <a class="Teaser-thematic" href="/biodiversite"> <span class="hidden">thematic</span> Biodiversité </a> </p> <h2 class="Teaser-title"> <a href="/actualites/qubs-nouveau-programme-suivi-qualite-biologique-sols" > « QUBS » : le nouveau programme de suivi de la qualité biologique des sols </a> </h2> <p class="Teaser-intro">COMMUNIQUÉ DE PRESSE - En ce mois de novembre, le Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, en collaboration avec l’université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Sorbonne université, l’université de Lorraine, INRAE et Plante & Cité, lance un nouveau programme de sciences participatives : « QUBS », le suivi participatif de la qualité biologique des sols. Des protocoles de suivi scientifique simples et ludiques permettent aux participants de découvrir la faune visible de leur sol : fourmis, cloportes, mille-pattes ou encore araignées. Les objectifs du programme sont à la fois de renseigner une base de données de suivi de la qualité biologique de ces sols à l’échelle nationale et de permettre aux citoyennes et citoyens d’en apprendre davantage sur les enjeux liés à la préservation de ce compartiment de la biodiversité dont les rôles sont trop souvent insoupçonnés. Ce nouvel observatoire rejoint le programme phare de sciences participatives du Muséum, « Vigie-nature », et le programme de sciences participatives sur l’environnement urbain de Sorbonne université, « PartiCitaE ».</p> <p class="Teaser-date"> 10 novembre 2022 </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="GridM-4"> <article class="Teaser Teaser--card" data-ci-id="related-teaser"> <div class="Teaser-content"> <p class="Teaser-info"> <a class="Teaser-thematic" href="/biodiversite"> <span class="hidden">thematic</span> Biodiversité </a> </p> <h2 class="Teaser-title"> <a href="/actualites/terre-plein-connaissances" > Vers de terre : le plein de connaissances </a> </h2> <p class="Teaser-intro">Le sol est un milieu fabuleux. Il abrite une biodiversité exceptionnelle au sein de laquelle les vers de terre jouent un rôle important pour la structure et les fonctions du sol. Etat des lieux de leur diversité et de leur abondance à l’échelle mondiale, classification revisitée, description de nouvelles espèces ou origine des populations locales, les scientifiques INRAE sont de tous les travaux récents.</p> <p class="Teaser-date"> 19 octobre 2020 </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="GridM-4"> <article class="Teaser Teaser--card" data-ci-id="related-teaser"> <div class="Teaser-content"> <p class="Teaser-info"> <a class="Teaser-thematic" href="/societe-territoires"> <span class="hidden">thematic</span> Société et territoires </a> </p> <h2 class="Teaser-title"> <a href="/actualites/linra-lunion-nationale-cpie-reaffirment-leur-collaboration-travers-signature-dun-accord-cadre" > L’Inra et l’Union nationale des CPIE réaffirment leur collaboration à travers la signature d’un accord-cadre </a> </h2> <p class="Teaser-intro">COMMUNIQUE DE PRESSE - Le 28 mai 2019, Philippe Mauguin, président directeur général de l’Inra et Dominique Larue, Président de l’Union nationale des CPIE (Centres permanents d'initiatives pour l'environnement), ont signé un nouvel accord-cadre de collaboration. 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