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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadrons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hadrons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadrons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lien_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lien_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Lien externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lien_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Quark up</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 55 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opkwark" title="Opkwark – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Opkwark" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="كوارك علوي – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوارك علوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_enriba" title="Quark enriba – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Quark enriba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="U-кварк – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="U-кварк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Горен кварк – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Горен кварк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="আপ কোয়ার্ক – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আপ কোয়ার্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_u" title="Quark u – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quark u" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_u" title="Kvark u – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvark u" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up-kvark" title="Up-kvark – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Up-kvark" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up-Quark" title="Up-Quark – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Up-Quark" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark" title="Up quark – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Up quark" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-kvarko" title="U-kvarko – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="U-kvarko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuark_arriba" title="Cuark arriba – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuark arriba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-kvark" title="U-kvark – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="U-kvark" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorantz_quark" title="Gorantz quark – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gorantz quark" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کوارک بالا – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوارک بالا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yl%C3%B6skvarkki" title="Ylöskvarkki – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ylöskvarkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uaschuarc" title="Uaschuarc – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uaschuarc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94" title="קווארק למעלה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קווארק למעלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="अप क्वार्क – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अप क्वार्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornji_kvark" title="Gornji kvark – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gornji kvark" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_kvark" title="Up kvark – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Up kvark" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-%D6%84%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF" title="U-քվարկ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="U-քվարկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuark_up" title="Kuark up – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuark up" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_up" title="Quark up – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quark up" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="アップクォーク – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アップクォーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="U-კვარკი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="U-კვარკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="위 쿼크 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위 쿼크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarcum_sursum" title="Quarcum sursum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quarcum sursum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylantysis_kvarkas" title="Kylantysis kvarkas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kylantysis kvarkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/U_kvarks" title="U kvarks – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="U kvarks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Горен кварк – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Горен кварк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuark_naik" title="Kuark naik – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuark naik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upquark" title="Upquark – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Upquark" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppkvark" title="Oppkvark – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oppkvark" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppkvark" title="Oppkvark – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oppkvark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_up" title="Quark up – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quark up" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwark_g%C3%B3rny" title="Kwark górny – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwark górny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="اپ کوارک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اپ کوارک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_up" title="Quark up – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quark up" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="U-кварк – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="U-кварк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornji_kvark" title="Gornji kvark – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gornji kvark" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark" title="Up quark – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Up quark" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_u" title="Kvark u – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvark u" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_u" title="Kvark u – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvark u" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornji_kvark" title="Gornji kvark – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Gornji kvark" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="மேல் குவார்க்கு – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேல் குவார்க்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taas_na_quark" title="Taas na quark – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Taas na quark" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukar%C4%B1_kuark" title="Yukarı kuark – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yukarı kuark" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-kvark" title="U-kvark – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="U-kvark" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="U-кварк – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="U-кварк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a href="/wiki/Physique_des_particules" title="Physique des particules">physique des particules</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000)"><div>Quark up</div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fichier:Proton_quark_structure.svg&lang=fr" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proton_quark_structure.svg/langfr-260px-Proton_quark_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proton_quark_structure.svg/langfr-390px-Proton_quark_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proton_quark_structure.svg/langfr-520px-Proton_quark_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></div><table><caption style="color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);text-align:center;background-color:#C0C0C0">Propriétés générales</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Classification</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermion</a></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Composition</th><td class=""><div> Élémentaire</div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Groupe</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">Quark</a></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Génération</th><td class=""><div> Première</div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Interaction(s)</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/Interaction_forte" title="Interaction forte">Forte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interaction_faible" title="Interaction faible">faible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interaction_%C3%A9lectromagn%C3%A9tique" class="mw-redirect" title="Interaction électromagnétique">électromagnétique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation">gravitation</a></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Symbole</th><td class=""><div> u</div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Antiparticule" title="Antiparticule">Antiparticule</a></th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/Antiquark" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark">Antiquark</a> up</div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);text-align:center;background-color:#C0C0C0">Propriétés physiques</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Masse</th><td class=""><div> 1,5 à 3 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron-volt" class="mw-redirect" title="Électron-volt">MeV</a>.<a href="/wiki/Vitesse_de_la_lumi%C3%A8re" title="Vitesse de la lumière">c</a><sup>-2</sup></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Charge_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Charge électrique">Charge électrique</a></th><td class=""><div> ⅔ <a href="/wiki/Charge_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire" title="Charge élémentaire">e</a></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Charge_de_couleur" title="Charge de couleur">Charge de couleur</a></th><td class=""><div> Oui</div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">Spin</a></th><td class=""><div> ½</div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dur%C3%A9e_de_vie_moyenne" title="Durée de vie moyenne">Durée de vie</a></th><td class=""><div> Stable</div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);text-align:center;background-color:#C0C0C0">Historique</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Prédiction</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (1964)<br /><a href="/wiki/George_Zweig" title="George Zweig">George Zweig</a> (1964)</div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Découverte</th><td class=""><div> 1968</div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Découvreur</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/Centre_de_l%27acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9rateur_lin%C3%A9aire_de_Stanford" title="Centre de l'accélérateur linéaire de Stanford">SLAC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top:1px solid #C0C0C0"><span class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&veaction=edit&section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&action=edit&section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6732" class="extiw" title="d:Q6732">modifier Wikidata</a></span><span style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Particule" title="Documentation du modèle"><img alt="Documentation du modèle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></p></div> <p>Le <b>quark <i>up</i></b> (parfois appelé <b>quark haut</b>, mais la terminologie anglophone est la plus couramment rencontrée, souvent abrégé en quark u) est un <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quark</a>, une <a href="/wiki/Particule_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire" title="Particule élémentaire">particule élémentaire</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Physique_des_particules" title="Physique des particules">physique des particules</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propriétés"><span id="Propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s"></span>Propriétés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Propriétés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Propriétés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comme tous les quarks, le quark <i>up</i> est un <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermion</a>. Il s'agit d'un quark de <abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> génération possédant une <a href="/wiki/Charge_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Charge électrique">charge électrique</a> de ⅔ <a href="/wiki/Charge_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire" title="Charge élémentaire">e</a>, le quark le plus léger avec une masse comprise entre 1,5 et 3 <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron-volt" class="mw-redirect" title="Électron-volt">MeV</a>.<a href="/wiki/Vitesse_de_la_lumi%C3%A8re" title="Vitesse de la lumière">c</a><sup>-2</sup>. </p><p>Selon le <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_standard_(physique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modèle standard (physique)">modèle standard</a>, il forme avec le <a href="/wiki/Quark_down" title="Quark down">quark <i>down</i></a> les <a href="/wiki/Nucl%C3%A9on" title="Nucléon">nucléons</a> ; le <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> contient un quark <i>down</i> et deux quarks <i>up</i>, tandis que le <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> contient deux quarks <i>down</i> et un quark <i>up</i>. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Antiparticule" title="Antiparticule">antiparticule</a> du quark <i>up</i> est l'antiquark <i>up</i>, de charge électrique -⅔ e. </p><p>Le quark <i>up</i> fut nommé lorsque <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> et <a href="/wiki/George_Zweig" title="George Zweig">George Zweig</a> développèrent le modèle des quarks en 1964 ; la première preuve expérimentale de son existence fut mise en évidence en 1967 au <a href="/wiki/Centre_de_l%27acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9rateur_lin%C3%A9aire_de_Stanford" title="Centre de l'accélérateur linéaire de Stanford">SLAC</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hadrons">Hadrons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Hadrons" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Hadrons"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parmi les <a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">hadrons</a> contenant un ou plusieurs quarks <i>up</i>, on peut citer : </p> <ul><li>les <a href="/wiki/Pion_(particule)" title="Pion (particule)">pions</a> chargés π<sup>±</sup>, des <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son" title="Méson">mésons</a> contenant un quark <i>up</i> et un anti-quark <i>down</i> ou vice-versa ;</li> <li>le pion neutre π<sup>0</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Principe_de_superposition_quantique" title="Principe de superposition quantique">superposition</a> d'une paire quark-antiquark <i>up</i> et d'une paire quark-antiquark <i>down</i> ;</li> <li>les mésons η et η', superposition de plusieurs paires quark-antiquark, dont une paire quark-antiquark <i>up</i> ;</li> <li>un grand nombre de <a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">baryons</a> contiennent un ou plusieurs quarks <i>up</i>. Par exemple, à l'instar des <a href="/wiki/Nucl%C3%A9on" title="Nucléon">nucléons</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Baryon_Delta" title="Baryon Delta">baryons Δ</a> ne sont composés que de quarks <i>up</i> et <i>down</i> ; le Δ<sup>0</sup> contient un quark <i>up</i>, le Δ<sup>+</sup> en contient deux et le Δ<sup>++</sup> trois.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdg.lbl.gov/2006/listings/q123.pdf">Caractéristiques du quark <i>up</i>.</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">Quark</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lien_externe">Lien externe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Lien externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_up&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Lien externe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdg.lbl.gov/2006/listings/q123.pdf">Caractéristiques du quark <i>up</i>.</a> (<i>Particle Data Group</i>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Tableau_particules" title="Modèle:Palette Tableau particules"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Tableau_particules&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Physique_des_particules" title="Physique des particules">Particules en physique</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Particule_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire" title="Particule élémentaire">Élémentaires</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">Bosons</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Boson_de_jauge" title="Boson de jauge">de jauge</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">Photon (γ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluon (g)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosons_W_et_Z" title="Bosons W et Z">Bosons W et Z</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boson_W" title="Boson W">Boson W<sup>±</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boson_Z" title="Boson Z">Boson Z<sup>0</sup></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Boson_scalaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Boson scalaire">scalaire</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boson_de_Higgs" title="Boson de Higgs">Boson de Higgs (H<sup>0</sup>)</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermions</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">Quarks</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quark_down" title="Quark down"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Down</i></span> (d)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Up</i></span> (u)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_%C3%A9trange" title="Quark étrange"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Strange</i></span> (s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_charm%C3%A9" title="Quark charmé"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Charm</i></span> (c)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_bottom" title="Quark bottom"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Bottom</i></span> (b)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_top" title="Quark top"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Top</i></span> (t)</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">Leptons</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron" title="Électron">Électron (e<sup>-</sup>)</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/10px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/15px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positon" title="Positon">Positon (e<sup>+</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">Muon (μ<sup>-</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimuon" title="Antimuon">Antimuon (μ<sup>+</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(particule)" title="Tau (particule)">Tau (τ<sup>-</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antitau" title="Antitau">Antitau (τ<sup>+</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">Neutrinos</a> <ul><li>ν<sub>e</sub></li> <li>ν̅<sub>e</sub></li> <li>ν<sub>μ</sub></li> <li>ν̅<sub>μ</sub></li> <li>ν<sub>τ</sub></li> <li>ν̅<sub>τ</sub></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;">Hypothétiques</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">Bosons</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_W%CA%B9_et_Z%CA%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosons Wʹ et Zʹ (page inexistante)">Bosons Wʹ et Zʹ</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%27_and_Z%27_bosons" class="extiw" title="en:W' and Z' bosons"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « W' and Z' bosons »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosons_X_et_Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosons X et Y (page inexistante)">Bosons X et Y</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_and_Y_bosons" class="extiw" title="en:X and Y bosons"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « X and Y bosons »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton (G)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axion" title="Axion">Axion (A<sup>0</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majoron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majoron (page inexistante)">Majoron (J)</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoron" class="extiw" title="en:Majoron"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Majoron »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particule_X17" title="Particule X17">Particule X17</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermions</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><a href="/wiki/Neutrino_st%C3%A9rile" title="Neutrino stérile">Neutrino stérile</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Superpartenaire" title="Superpartenaire">Super-partenaires</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;">de bosons</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photino" title="Photino">Photino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutralino" title="Neutralino">Neutralinos</a> <ul><li>Wino</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bino_(particule)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bino (particule) (page inexistante)">Bino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higgsino" title="Higgsino">Higgsino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaugino" title="Jaugino">Jauginos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gluino" title="Gluino">Gluino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zino_(particule)" title="Zino (particule)">Zino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitino" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axino" title="Axino">Axino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chargino" title="Chargino">Charginos</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Sfermion" title="Sfermion">de fermions</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squark" class="mw-redirect" title="Squark">Squarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slepton" class="mw-redirect" title="Slepton">Sleptons</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;">Autres</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptoquarks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptoquarks (page inexistante)">Leptoquarks</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptoquark" class="extiw" title="en:Leptoquark"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Leptoquark »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflaton" title="Inflaton">Inflaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilaton" title="Dilaton">Dilaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyon" title="Tachyon">Tachyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corde_(physique)" title="Corde (physique)">Corde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9on" title="Préon">Préon</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Particule_composite" title="Particule composite">Composites</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">Hadrons</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son" title="Méson">Mésons</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quarkonium" title="Quarkonium">Quarkoniums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_J/%CF%88" title="Méson J/ψ">J/ψ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_%C3%AAta_charm%C3%A9" title="Méson êta charmé">η<sub>c</sub></a></li></ul></li> <li>Bottomoniums <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_upsilon" title="Méson upsilon">ϒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_%C3%AAta_bottom" title="Méson êta bottom">η<sub>b</sub></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_th%C3%AAta" title="Méson thêta">Méson thêta (θ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_phi" title="Méson phi">Méson phi (φ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pion_(particule)" title="Pion (particule)">Pions</a> <ul><li>π<sup>-</sup></li> <li>π<sup>+</sup></li> <li>π<sup>0</sup></li> <li>π̅<sup>0</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">Kaons</a> <ul><li>K<sup>-</sup></li> <li>K<sup>+</sup></li> <li>K<sup>0</sup></li> <li>K̅<sup>0</sup></li></ul></li> <li>Mésons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_rho" title="Méson rho">rho (ρ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_om%C3%A9ga" title="Méson oméga">oméga (ω)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_D" title="Méson D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_%C3%AAta" title="Méson êta">êta (η)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9son_%C3%AAta_prime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Méson êta prime (page inexistante)">êta prime (ηʹ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_B" title="Méson B">Méson B</a> <ul><li>B<sup>0</sup>-B̅<sup>0</sup></li> <li>B<sub>s</sub><sup>0</sup>-B̅<sub>s</sub><sup>0</sup></li> <li>B<sup>-</sup>, B<sup>+</sup></li> <li>B<sub>c</sub><sup>-</sup>, B<sub>c</sub><sup>+</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_T" title="Méson T">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9traquark" title="Tétraquark">Tétraquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_scalaire" title="Méson scalaire">Méson scalaire</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryons</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucl%C3%A9on" title="Nucléon">Nucléons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton (p)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">Antiproton (p̅)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron (n)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antineutron" title="Antineutron">Antineutron (n̄)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baryon_Delta" title="Baryon Delta">Baryons Delta</a> <ul><li>Δ<sup>++</sup></li> <li>Δ<sup>+</sup></li> <li>Δ<sup>0</sup></li> <li>Δ<sup>−</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyp%C3%A9ron" title="Hypéron">Hypérons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baryon_Lambda" title="Baryon Lambda">Λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baryon_Sigma" title="Baryon Sigma">Σ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baryon_Xi" title="Baryon Xi">Ξ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baryon_Om%C3%A9ga" title="Baryon Oméga">Ω</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">Pentaquark</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;">Autres</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atome_exotique" title="Atome exotique">Atomes exotiques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onium" title="Onium">Oniums leptoniques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Positronium" title="Positronium">Positronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrai_muonium" title="Vrai muonium">Vrai muonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrai_tauonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrai tauonium (page inexistante)">Vrai tauonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onium" title="Onium">Oniums mésoniques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pionium" title="Pionium">Pionium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaonium (page inexistante)">Kaonium</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaonium" class="extiw" title="en:Kaonium"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Kaonium »">(en)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muonium" title="Muonium">Muonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tauonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tauonium (page inexistante)">Tauonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protonium" title="Protonium">Protonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium_antiprotonique" title="Hélium antiprotonique">Hélium antiprotonique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne_muonique" title="Hydrogène muonique">Hydrogène muonique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium_muonique" class="mw-redirect" title="Hélium muonique">Hélium muonique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne_kaonique" title="Hydrogène kaonique">Hydrogène kaonique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium_kaonique" title="Hélium kaonique">Hélium kaonique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyau_atomique" title="Noyau atomique">Noyau atomique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernoyau" title="Hypernoyau">Hypernoyau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypertriton" title="Hypertriton">Hypertriton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atome" title="Atome">Atome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cule" title="Molécule">Molécule</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;">Hypothétiques</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son" title="Méson">Mésons</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boule_de_glu" title="Boule de glu">Boule de glu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryons</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sonance_de_Roper" title="Résonance de Roper">Résonance de Roper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibaryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibaryon (page inexistante)">Dibaryon</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibaryon" class="extiw" title="en:Dibaryon"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Dibaryon »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexaquark" title="Hexaquark">Hexaquark</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px; background:#e6e6ff;">Autres</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cule_m%C3%A9sonique" title="Molécule mésonique">Molécule mésonique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pom%C3%A9ron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poméron (page inexistante)">Poméron</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomeron" class="extiw" title="en:Pomeron"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Pomeron »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odd%C3%A9ron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oddéron (page inexistante)">Oddéron</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odderon" class="extiw" title="en:Odderon"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Odderon »">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Quasi-particule" title="Quasi-particule">Quasi-particules</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exciton" title="Exciton">Exciton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxon" title="Fluxon">Fluxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnon_(physique)" title="Magnon (physique)">Magnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon">Phonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmon" title="Plasmon">Plasmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polariton" title="Polariton">Polariton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaron" title="Polaron">Polaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soliton" title="Soliton">Soliton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Champ_fant%C3%B4me_de_Faddeev%E2%80%93Popov-DeWitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champ fantôme de Faddeev–Popov-DeWitt (page inexistante)">Ghost</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faddeev-Popov_ghost" class="extiw" title="en:Faddeev-Popov ghost"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Faddeev-Popov ghost »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roton_(physique)" title="Roton (physique)">Roton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monop%C3%B4le_magn%C3%A9tique" title="Monopôle magnétique">Monopôle magnétique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trou_d%27%C3%A9lectron" title="Trou d'électron">Trou d'électron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instanton" title="Instanton">Instanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyon" title="Anyon">Anyon</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_particules" title="Liste des particules">Liste des particules</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Physique" title="Portail de la physique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/24px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/36px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/48px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Physique" title="Portail:Physique">Portail de la physique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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