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</a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Retrospective_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrospective_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Retrospective reviews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrospective_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Orchestration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_recordings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_recordings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Notable recordings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_recordings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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id="toc-Cultural_zeitgeist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_portrait_of_New_York_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_portrait_of_New_York_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Musical portrait of New York City </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_portrait_of_New_York_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_composers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_composers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Influence on composers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_composers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Other uses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Preservation status </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Print_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 Print sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.2 Online sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" > 28 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%82" title="افتتان باللون الأزرق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="افتتان باللون الأزرق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapsodie_v_modr%C3%A9m" title="Rapsodie v modrém – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rapsodie v modrém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="راپسودی آبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راپسودی آبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%A9%EC%86%8C%EB%94%94_%EC%9D%B8_%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%A8" title="랩소디 인 블루 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="랩소디 인 블루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapsodija_u_plavom" title="Rapsodija u plavom – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rapsodija u plavom" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapsodia_in_blu" title="Rapsodia in blu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rapsodia in blu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C" title="רפסודיה בכחול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רפסודיה בכחול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Рапсодија во сино – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рапсодија во сино" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%97%E3%82%BD%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC" title="ラプソディ・イン・ブルー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラプソディ・イン・ブルー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%82%C4%99kitna_rapsodia_(Gershwin)" title="Błękitna rapsodia (Gershwin) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Błękitna rapsodia (Gershwin)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Рапсодия в стиле блюз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рапсодия в стиле блюз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raps%C3%B3dia_v_modrom" title="Rapsódia v modrom – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rapsódia v modrom" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapsodija_u_plavom" title="Rapsodija u plavom – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rapsodija u plavom" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9" title="แรพโซดีอินบลู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แรพโซดีอินบลู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rhapsody in Blue" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue – Vietnamese" lang="vi" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1924 composition by George Gershwin</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rhapsody in Blue (disambiguation)">Rhapsody in Blue (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album">Rhapsody in Blue</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">by <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhapsody_in_Blue_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image depicting the original sheet cover for Rhapsody in Blue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rhapsody_in_Blue_cover.jpg/220px-Rhapsody_in_Blue_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rhapsody_in_Blue_cover.jpg/330px-Rhapsody_in_Blue_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rhapsody_in_Blue_cover.jpg/440px-Rhapsody_in_Blue_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="772" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Cover of the original sheet music of Rhapsody in Blue</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_jazz" title="Orchestral jazz">Orchestral jazz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Form</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(music)" title="Rhapsody (music)">Rhapsody</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composed</th><td class="infobox-data">January 1924 (1924-01)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data">June 12, 1924 (1924-06-12) Harms, Inc.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE1924_Copyright_Filing-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Premiere</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">February 12, 1924 (1924-02-12)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Building_(42nd_Street)" title="Aeolian Building (42nd Street)">Aeolian Hall</a>, New York City, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Conductor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Performers</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> (piano)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Gorman" title="Ross Gorman">Ross Gorman</a> (clarinet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ferde_Grof%C3%A9" title="Ferde Grofé">Ferde Grofé</a> (orchestrator)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #E6E8FA">Audio sample</th></tr><tr class="haudio"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:1em"><div style="display:inline-block;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="1090" data-mwtitle="US_Marine_Band_Rhapsody_in_Blue.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/US_Marine_Band_Rhapsody_in_Blue.oga/US_Marine_Band_Rhapsody_in_Blue.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/US_Marine_Band_Rhapsody_in_Blue.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="description">The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Band" title="United States Marine Band">United States Marine Band</a>'s 2018 performance of the 1924 jazz band version, with pianist <a href="/wiki/Bramwell_Tovey" title="Bramwell Tovey">Bramwell Tovey</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:US_Marine_Band_Rhapsody_in_Blue.oga" title="File:US Marine Band Rhapsody in Blue.oga">file</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">help</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Rhapsody in Blue is a 1924 musical composition for solo piano and jazz band, which combines elements of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>-influenced effects. Commissioned by bandleader <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a> and written by <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a>, the work premiered in a concert titled "An Experiment in Modern Music" on February 12, 1924, in <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Building_(42nd_Street)" title="Aeolian Building (42nd Street)">Aeolian Hall</a>, New York City.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199753-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECowen1998-3">[3]</a> Whiteman's band performed the rhapsody with Gershwin playing the piano.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDownes192416-4">[4]</a> Whiteman's arranger <a href="/wiki/Ferde_Grof%C3%A9" title="Ferde Grofé">Ferde Grofé</a> <a href="/wiki/Orchestrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestrated">orchestrated</a> the rhapsody several times including the 1924 original scoring, the 1926 <a href="/wiki/Pit_orchestra" title="Pit orchestra">pit orchestra</a> scoring, and the 1942 <a href="/wiki/Symphony_orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony orchestra">symphonic</a> scoring. The rhapsody is one of Gershwin's most recognizable creations and a key composition that defined the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECiment2015265-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199571-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward2003-7">[7]</a> Gershwin's piece inaugurated a new era in America's musical history,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958154-8">[8]</a> established his reputation as an eminent composer and became one of the most popular of all concert works.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff1997Book_jacket-9">[9]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_(magazine)" title="American Heritage (magazine)">American Heritage</a> magazine, Frederic D. Schwarz posits that the famous opening clarinet <a href="/wiki/Glissando" title="Glissando">glissando</a> has become as instantly recognizable to concert audiences as the opening of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)">Fifth Symphony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz1999-10">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commission">Commission</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commission">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:196px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Whiteman_in_Radio_Stars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Paul_Whiteman_in_Radio_Stars.jpg/136px-Paul_Whiteman_in_Radio_Stars.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Paul_Whiteman_in_Radio_Stars.jpg/204px-Paul_Whiteman_in_Radio_Stars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Paul_Whiteman_in_Radio_Stars.jpg/272px-Paul_Whiteman_in_Radio_Stars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3364" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:196px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:GershwinStandingFacingLeftBain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/GershwinStandingFacingLeftBain.jpg/148px-GershwinStandingFacingLeftBain.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/GershwinStandingFacingLeftBain.jpg/222px-GershwinStandingFacingLeftBain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/GershwinStandingFacingLeftBain.jpg/296px-GershwinStandingFacingLeftBain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1079" data-file-height="1432" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Bandleader <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a> (left) and composer <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> (right)</div></div></div></div> Following the success of an experimental classical-jazz concert held with Canadian singer <a href="/wiki/%C3%89va_Gauthier" title="Éva Gauthier">Éva Gauthier</a> in New York City on November 1, 1923, bandleader <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a> decided to attempt a more ambitious feat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199753-2">[2]</a> He asked composer <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> to write a concerto-like piece for an all-jazz concert in honor of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Birthday" title="Lincoln's Birthday">Lincoln's Birthday</a> to be given at <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Building_(42nd_Street)" title="Aeolian Building (42nd Street)">Aeolian Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199861-11">[11]</a> Whiteman became fixated upon performing such an extended composition by Gershwin after he collaborated with him in <a href="/wiki/George_White%27s_Scandals" title="George White's Scandals">The Scandals of 1922</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood199668–69,_112-12">[12]</a> He had been especially impressed by Gershwin's one-act "jazz opera" <a href="/wiki/Blue_Monday_(opera)" title="Blue Monday (opera)">Blue Monday</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood1996112Howard2003-13">[13]</a> Gershwin initially declined Whiteman's request on the grounds that he would have insufficient time to compose the work and there would likely be a need to revise the score.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood199681-14">[14]</a> Soon after, on the evening of January 3, George Gershwin and lyricist <a href="/wiki/Buddy_DeSylva" title="Buddy DeSylva">Buddy DeSylva</a> played a game of <a href="/wiki/Billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiards">billiards</a> at the Ambassador Billiard Parlor at <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> and <a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="52nd Street (Manhattan)">52nd Street</a> in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz197976-15">[15]</a> George's brother, <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a>, interrupted their billiard game to read aloud the January 4 edition of the <a href="/wiki/New-York_Tribune" title="New-York Tribune">New-York Tribune</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood199681Jablonski1999-16">[16]</a> An unsigned Tribune article entitled "What Is American Music?" about an upcoming Whiteman concert had caught Ira's attention.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz197976-15">[15]</a> The article falsely declared that George Gershwin had begun "work on a jazz concerto" for Whiteman's concert.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199753Schwartz197976-17">[17]</a> The news announcement puzzled Gershwin as he had politely declined to compose any such work for Whiteman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz197976Wood199681-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJablonski1999-19">[19]</a> In a telephone conversation with Whiteman the next morning, Whiteman informed Gershwin that Whiteman's arch rival <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lopez" title="Vincent Lopez">Vincent Lopez</a> planned to steal the idea of his experimental concert and there was no time to lose.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199864–65-20">[20]</a> Whiteman thus finally persuaded Gershwin to compose the piece.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199864–65-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition">Composition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition">edit</a>]</div> With only five weeks remaining until the premiere, Gershwin hurriedly set about composing the work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz197976-15">[15]</a> He later claimed that, while on a train journey to <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, the thematic seeds for Rhapsody in Blue began to germinate in his mind.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958139-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199864–65-20">[20]</a> He told biographer <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Goldberg" title="Isaac Goldberg">Isaac Goldberg</a> in 1931: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">It was on the train, with its steely rhythms, its rattle-ty bang, that is so often so stimulating to a composer.... I frequently hear music in the very heart of the noise. And there I suddenly heard—and even saw on paper—the complete construction of the rhapsody, from beginning to end. No new themes came to me, but I worked on the thematic material already in my mind and tried to conceive the composition as a whole. I heard it as a sort of musical <a href="/wiki/Kaleidoscope" title="Kaleidoscope">kaleidoscope</a> of America, of our vast <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a>, of our unduplicated national pep, of our metropolitan madness. By the time I reached Boston I had a definite plot of the piece, as distinguished from its actual substance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958139-21">[21]</a></blockquote> Gershwin began composing on January 7 as dated on the original manuscript for two pianos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199753-2">[2]</a> He tentatively entitled the piece as American Rhapsody during its composition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199713-22">[22]</a> Ira Gershwin suggested the revised title of Rhapsody in Blue after his visit to a gallery exhibition of <a href="/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler" title="James McNeill Whistler">James McNeill Whistler</a> paintings, which had titles such as <a href="/wiki/Nocturne_in_Black_and_Gold:_The_Falling_Rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket">Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arrangement_in_Grey_and_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrangement in Grey and Black">Arrangement in Grey and Black</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199713-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReef200038-23">[23]</a> After a few weeks, Gershwin finished his composition and passed the score, titled A Rhapsody in Blue, to <a href="/wiki/Ferde_Grof%C3%A9" title="Ferde Grofé">Ferde Grofé</a>, Whiteman's arranger.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199869-24">[24]</a> Grofé finished <a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">orchestrating</a> the piece on February 4—a mere eight days before the premiere.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199869-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premiere">Premiere</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Premiere">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aeolian_Hall_(1923).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Aeolian_Hall_%281923%29.jpg/220px-Aeolian_Hall_%281923%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Aeolian_Hall_%281923%29.jpg/330px-Aeolian_Hall_%281923%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Aeolian_Hall_%281923%29.jpg/440px-Aeolian_Hall_%281923%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>The Rhapsody premiered on a snowy afternoon at <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Building_(42nd_Street)" title="Aeolian Building (42nd Street)">Aeolian Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, pictured here in 1923.</figcaption></figure> Rhapsody in Blue premiered during a snowy Tuesday afternoon on February 12, 1924, at <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Building_(42nd_Street)" title="Aeolian Building (42nd Street)">Aeolian Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDownes192416-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958143-25">[25]</a> Entitled "An Experiment in Modern Music,"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECowen1998-3">[3]</a> the much-anticipated concert held by Paul Whiteman and his Palais Royal Orchestra drew a packed house.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDownes192416-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958142-26">[26]</a> The excited audience consisted of "<a href="/wiki/Vaudevillian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaudevillian">vaudevillians</a>, concert managers come to have a look at the novelty, <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alleyites</a>, composers, symphony and opera stars, <a href="/wiki/Flapper" title="Flapper">flappers</a>, cake-eaters, all mixed up higgledy-piggledy."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958143-25">[25]</a> A number of influential figures of the era were present, including <a href="/wiki/Carl_Van_Vechten" title="Carl Van Vechten">Carl Van Vechten</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958154-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_d%27Alvarez" title="Marguerite d'Alvarez">Marguerite d'Alvarez</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958154-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Herbert" title="Victor Herbert">Victor Herbert</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins1974144-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Damrosch" title="Walter Damrosch">Walter Damrosch</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins1974144-27">[27]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willie_%22the_Lion%22_Smith" title="Willie "the Lion" Smith">Willie "the Lion" Smith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood199685-28">[28]</a> In a pre-concert lecture, Whiteman's manager Hugh C. Ernst proclaimed the purpose of the concert to be "purely educational".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz197984-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958144-30">[30]</a> Whiteman had selected the music to exemplify the "melodies, harmony and rhythms which agitate the throbbing emotional resources of this young <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">restless age</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958145-31">[31]</a> The concert's lengthy program listed 26 separate musical movements, divided into 2 parts and 11 sections, bearing titles such as "True Form Of Jazz" and "Contrast—Legitimate Scoring vs. Jazzing."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958146–147-32">[32]</a> The program's schedule featured Gershwin's rhapsody as merely the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penultimate" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:penultimate">penultimate</a> piece which preceded <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pomp_and_Circumstance_March_No._1" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1">Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199755–61-33">[33]</a> Many of the early numbers in the program underwhelmed the audience, and the ventilation system in the concert hall malfunctioned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199872-34">[34]</a> Some audience members had departed the venue by the time Gershwin made his inconspicuous entrance for the rhapsody.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199872-34">[34]</a> The audience purportedly were irritable, impatient, and restless until the haunting clarinet <a href="/wiki/Glissando" title="Glissando">glissando</a> played the opening notes of Rhapsody in Blue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECowen1998-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199872–73-35">[35]</a> The distinctive glissando had been created quite by happenstance during rehearsals: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">As a joke on Gershwin.... <a href="/wiki/Ross_Gorman" title="Ross Gorman">[Ross] Gorman</a> [Whiteman's virtuoso clarinetist] played the opening <a href="/wiki/Measure_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Measure (music)">measure</a> with a noticeable glissando, 'stretching' the notes out and adding what he considered a jazzy, humorous touch to the passage. Reacting favorably to Gorman's whimsy, Gershwin asked him to perform the opening measure that way.... and to add as much of a '<a href="/wiki/Vociferation" class="mw-redirect" title="Vociferation">wail</a>' as possible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz197981–83-36">[36]</a></blockquote> Whiteman's orchestra performed the rhapsody with "twenty-three musicians in the ensemble" and George Gershwin on piano.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958147-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz197989-38">[38]</a> In characteristic style, Gershwin chose to partially improvise his piano solo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz197989-38">[38]</a> The orchestra anxiously waited for Gershwin's nod which signaled the end of his piano solo and the cue for the ensemble to resume playing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz197989-38">[38]</a> As Gershwin did not write the solo piano section until after the concert, it remains unknown exactly how the original rhapsody sounded at the premiere.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartz197988–89-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audience_reaction_and_success">Audience reaction and success</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Audience reaction and success">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-Portrait_of_Carl_Van_Vechten_Crisco_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Self-Portrait_of_Carl_Van_Vechten_Crisco_edit.jpg/117px-Self-Portrait_of_Carl_Van_Vechten_Crisco_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Self-Portrait_of_Carl_Van_Vechten_Crisco_edit.jpg/176px-Self-Portrait_of_Carl_Van_Vechten_Crisco_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Self-Portrait_of_Carl_Van_Vechten_Crisco_edit.jpg/234px-Self-Portrait_of_Carl_Van_Vechten_Crisco_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2937" data-file-height="3745" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Marguerite_d%27Alvarez_001.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Marguerite_d%27Alvarez_001.png/112px-Marguerite_d%27Alvarez_001.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Marguerite_d%27Alvarez_001.png/168px-Marguerite_d%27Alvarez_001.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Marguerite_d%27Alvarez_001.png/224px-Marguerite_d%27Alvarez_001.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="442" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_Herbert_cph.3a01932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Victor_Herbert_cph.3a01932.jpg/101px-Victor_Herbert_cph.3a01932.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Victor_Herbert_cph.3a01932.jpg/152px-Victor_Herbert_cph.3a01932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Victor_Herbert_cph.3a01932.jpg/202px-Victor_Herbert_cph.3a01932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1458" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Van_Vechten" title="Carl Van Vechten">Carl Van Vechten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_d%27Alvarez" title="Marguerite d'Alvarez">Marguerite d'Alvarez</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Herbert" title="Victor Herbert">Victor Herbert</a> were among the many eminent persons in the audience.</div></div></div></div> Upon the conclusion of the rhapsody, the audience tumultuously applauded Gershwin's composition,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDownes192416-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958152-40">[40]</a> and, quite unexpectedly, "the concert, in every respect but the financial,<a href="#cite_note-42">[a]</a> became a 'knockout'."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958148-43">[42]</a> The concert soon became historically significant due to the premiere of the rhapsody, and its program would "become not only a historic document, finding its way into foreign monographs on jazz, but a rarity as well."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958143-25">[25]</a> Following the success of the rhapsody's premiere, future performances followed. The first British performance of Rhapsody in Blue took place at the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel" title="Savoy Hotel">Savoy Hotel</a> in London on June 15, 1925.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Times1925-44">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> broadcast the performance in a live relay. <a href="/wiki/Debroy_Somers" title="Debroy Somers">Debroy Somers</a> conducted the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Orpheans" title="Savoy Orpheans">Savoy Orpheans</a> with Gershwin himself at the piano.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Times1925-44">[43]</a> Audiences heard the piece again in the United Kingdom during the second European tour of the Paul Whiteman Orchestra, most notably on April 11, 1926, at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>, with Gershwin in the audience. The <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_Company" title="Gramophone Company">Gramophone Company</a>/<a href="/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice" title="His Master's Voice">HMV</a> recorded this performance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyal_Albert_Hall1926Rust1975-45">[44]</a> By the end of 1927, Whiteman's band had performed Rhapsody in Blue approximately 84 times, and its recording sold a million copies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz1999-10">[10]</a> For the entire piece to fit onto two sides of a <a href="/wiki/Twelve-inch_single" title="Twelve-inch single">12-inch record</a>, the rhapsody had to be played at a faster speed than usual in a concert, which gave the recording a hurried feel with noticeably lost <a href="/wiki/Rubato" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubato">rubato</a>. Whiteman later adopted the piece as his band's <a href="/wiki/Theme_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme song">theme song</a> and opened his radio programs with the slogan "Everything new but the Rhapsody in Blue."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERayno2013203-46">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Critical response">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:40%; ; font-size: 95%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "This composition shows extraordinary talent, as it shows a young composer with aims that go far beyond those of his ilk, struggling with a form of which he is far from being master.... In spite of all this, he has expressed himself in a significant and, on the whole, highly original form.... His first theme... is no mere dance-tune... it is an idea, or several ideas, correlated and combined in varying and contrasting rhythms that immediately intrigue the listener. The second theme is more after the manner of some of Mr. Gershwin's colleagues. <a href="/wiki/Tutti" title="Tutti">Tuttis</a> are too long, <a href="/wiki/Cadenza" title="Cadenza">cadenzas</a> are too long, the peroration at the end loses a large measure of the wildness and magnificence it could easily have had if it were more broadly prepared, and, for all that, the audience was stirred and many a hardened concertgoer excited with the sensation of a new talent finding its voice." </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Olin_Downes" title="Olin Downes">Olin Downes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, February 1924<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDownes192416-4">[4]</a></cite> </div> In contrast to the warm reception by concert audiences,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDownes192416-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958148-43">[42]</a> music critics gave the rhapsody mixed reviews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider1999180-47">[46]</a> Samuel Chotzinoff, music critic of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York World</a>, conceded that Gershwin's composition had "made an honest woman out of jazz,"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins1974144-27">[27]</a> while Henrietta Strauss of <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a> opined that Gershwin had "added a new chapter to our musical history."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958154-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Olin_Downes" title="Olin Downes">Olin Downes</a>, reviewing the concert in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, favorably noted the rhapsody as "a "highly original form", and the composer as a "new talent finding its voice."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDownes192416-4">[4]</a> Nonetheless, other reviewers were less positive. <a href="/wiki/Pitts_Sanborn" title="Pitts Sanborn">Pitts Sanborn</a> declared that the rhapsody "begins with a promising theme well stated" yet "soon runs off into empty passage-work and meaningless repetition."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958152-40">[40]</a> A number of reviews were particularly negative. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Gilman" title="Lawrence Gilman">Lawrence Gilman</a>—a <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> enthusiast who would later write a devastating review of Gershwin's <a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a>—harshly criticized the rhapsody as "derivative," "stale," and "inexpressive" in a <a href="/wiki/New-York_Tribune" title="New-York Tribune">New-York Tribune</a> review on February 13, 1924.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlonimsky2000105-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJablonski199230-49">[48]</a> Overall, professional music critics recurrently criticized Gershwin's piece as essentially formless and asserted that the composer had haphazardly glued melodic segments together.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199874–75-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retrospective_reviews">Retrospective reviews</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Retrospective reviews">edit</a>]</div> Years after its premiere, Rhapsody in Blue continued to divide music critics principally due to its perceived melodic incoherence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider1999182-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyattJohnson2004297-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff19974-53">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Constant_Lambert" title="Constant Lambert">Constant Lambert</a>, a British composer whose oeuvre often incorporated jazz elements, openly dismissed the work: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The composer [George Gershwin], trying to write a <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Lisztian concerto</a> in a jazz style, has used only the non-barbaric elements in dance music, the result being neither good jazz nor good Liszt, and in no sense of the word a good concerto.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider1999182-51">[50]</a></blockquote> In an article in <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Monthly">The Atlantic Monthly</a> in 1955, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, who nevertheless admitted that he adored the piece,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyattJohnson2004297-52">[51]</a> stated: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Rhapsody in Blue is not a real composition in the sense that whatever happens in it must seem inevitable, or even pretty inevitable. You can cut out parts of it without affecting the whole in any way except to make it shorter. You can remove any of these stuck-together sections and the piece still goes on as bravely as before. You can even interchange these sections with one another and no harm done. You can make cuts within a section, or add new cadenzas, or play it with any combination of instruments or on the piano alone; it can be a five-minute piece or a six-minute piece or a twelve-minute piece. And in fact all these things are being done to it every day. It's still the Rhapsody in Blue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyattJohnson2004297-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff19974-53">[52]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orchestration">Orchestration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Orchestration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferde_Grof%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ferde_Grof%C3%A9.jpg/180px-Ferde_Grof%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ferde_Grof%C3%A9.jpg/270px-Ferde_Grof%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ferde_Grof%C3%A9.jpg/360px-Ferde_Grof%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferde_Grof%C3%A9" title="Ferde Grofé">Ferde Grofé</a>, Whiteman's chief arranger from 1920 to 1932, created the first arrangement of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue.</figcaption></figure> As Gershwin did not have sufficient knowledge of orchestration in 1924,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199866-54">[53]</a> Whiteman's pianist and chief arranger <a href="/wiki/Ferde_Grof%C3%A9" title="Ferde Grofé">Ferde Grofé</a> played a key role in the rhapsody's meteoric success,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958153-55">[54]</a> and scholars have contended that Grofé's arrangements of the Rhapsody secured its place in <a href="/wiki/American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="American culture">American culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale201445–46-56">[55]</a> Gershwin's biographer, Isaac Goldberg, noted in 1931 that Grofé played a crucial role in the premiere's triumph: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In the heat of the occasion, the contribution of Ferdie Grofé, the arranger on the Whiteman staff who had scored the Rhapsody in ten days, was overlooked or ignored. It is true that an appreciable part of the scoring had been indicated by Gershwin; nevertheless, the contribution of Grofé was of prime importance, not only to the composition, but to the jazz scoring of the immediate future.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958153-55">[54]</a></blockquote> Grofé hastily arranged the famous 1924 score to take full advantage of the Whiteman orchestra's particular strengths.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale20144-57">[56]</a> He developed this orchestration for solo piano and Whiteman's twenty-three musicians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff19975-58">[57]</a> For the reeds section, Ross Gorman (Reed I) played an oboe, a <a href="/wiki/Heckelphone" title="Heckelphone">heckelphone</a>, a clarinet in B♭, <a href="/wiki/Sopranino_saxophone" title="Sopranino saxophone">sopranino saxophones</a> in E♭ & B♭, an <a href="/wiki/Alto_saxophone" title="Alto saxophone">alto saxophone</a>, one E♭ soprano clarinet, and <a href="/wiki/Alto_clarinet" title="Alto clarinet">alto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">bass clarinets</a>; Donald Clark (Reed II) played a soprano saxophone in B♭, alto and <a href="/wiki/Baritone_saxophone" title="Baritone saxophone">baritone saxophones</a>, and Hale Byers (Reed III) played soprano saxophone in B♭, <a href="/wiki/Tenor_saxophone" title="Tenor saxophone">tenor saxophone</a>, baritone saxophone, and a <a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute">flute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff19975-58">[57]</a> For the brass section, two trumpets in B♭ were played by Henry Busse and Frank Siegrist; two French horns in F were played by Arturo Cerino and Al Corrado; two trombones were played by Roy Maxon and James Casseday, and a tuba and a double bass played by Guss Helleburg and Alus Armer respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff19975-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultanof1987-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2019-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958148-43">[42]</a> The percussion section included a <a href="/wiki/Drum_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum set">drum set</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a> played by George Marsh; one piano typically played by either Ferde Grofé or Henry Lange; one <a href="/wiki/Tenor_banjo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenor banjo">tenor banjo</a> played by Michael Pingatore, and a complement of violins.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff19975Goldberg1958148Sultanof1987Levy2019-61">[60]</a> Musicologists largely ignored this original arrangement—with its unique instrumental requirements—until its revival in reconstructions beginning in the mid-1980s, owing to the popularity and serviceability of the later scorings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199876-62">[61]</a> After the 1924 premiere, Grofé revised the score and made new orchestrations in 1926 and 1942, each time for larger orchestras.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199876-62">[61]</a> He published his arrangement for a theater orchestra in 1926.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale201443-63">[62]</a> Grofé orchestrated this adaptation for a more standard "<a href="/wiki/Pit_orchestra" title="Pit orchestra">pit orchestra</a>," which included one flute, one oboe, two clarinets, one bassoon, three saxophones; two French horns, two trumpets, and two trombones; as well as the same percussion and strings complement as the later 1942 version.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale201444-64">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm/220px-seek%3D45-King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="167" data-durationhint="224" data-mwtitle="King_of_Jazz_(1930)_-_Trailer.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:King_of_Jazz_(1930)_-_Trailer.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm.480p.vp9.webm#t=0,00:00:56" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="632" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm.720p.vp9.webm#t=0,00:00:56" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="948" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm#t=0,00:00:56" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="948" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov#t=0,00:00:56" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="190" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm.240p.vp9.webm#t=0,00:00:56" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="316" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm.360p.webm#t=0,00:00:56" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="474" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm/King_of_Jazz_%281930%29_-_Trailer.webm.360p.vp9.webm#t=0,00:00:56" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="474" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Paul Whiteman again performed Rhapsody in Blue in the film <a href="/wiki/King_of_Jazz" title="King of Jazz">King of Jazz</a> (1930), arranged by Grofé.</figcaption></figure> Grofé later produced a 1942 arrangement for a full <a href="/wiki/Symphony_orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony orchestra">symphony orchestra</a>. It is scored for solo piano and an orchestra consisting of two flutes, two oboes, two <a href="/wiki/Soprano_clarinet" title="Soprano clarinet">clarinets in B♭ and A</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">bass clarinet</a>, two bassoons, two alto saxophones in E♭, one tenor saxophone in B♭; three French horns in F, three trumpets in B♭, three trombones, one tuba; a percussion section that includes timpani, one <a href="/wiki/Crash_cymbal" title="Crash cymbal">suspended cymbal</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">snare drum</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Tam-tam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tam-tam">tam-tam</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">triangle</a>, one glockenspiel, and <a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">cymbals</a>; one tenor banjo; and <a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">strings</a>. Since the mid-20th century, the 1942 arrangement became a staple of the concert repertoire until 1976 when <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a> recorded the original jazz band version for the first time, employing Gershwin's actual 1925 piano roll with a full jazz orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199876-62">[61]</a> Grofé's other arrangements of Gershwin's piece include those done for Whiteman's 1930 film, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Jazz" title="King of Jazz">King of Jazz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199867-65">[64]</a> and the concert band setting (playable without piano) completed by 1938 and published 1942. The prominence of the saxophones in the later orchestrations is somewhat reduced, and the banjo part can be dispensed with, as its mainly rhythmic contribution is provided by the inner strings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199765-66">[65]</a> Gershwin himself made versions of the piece for solo piano as well as two pianos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerencz2011143-67">[66]</a> The solo version is notable for omitting several sections of the piece.<a href="#cite_note-68">[b]</a> Gershwin's intent to eventually do an orchestration of his own is documented in 1936–37 correspondence from the publisher <a href="/wiki/T._B._Harms_%26_Francis,_Day_%26_Hunter,_Inc." title="T. B. Harms & Francis, Day & Hunter, Inc.">Harms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerencz2011141-69">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_recordings">Notable recordings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable recordings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhapsody_in_Blue_Paul_Whiteman_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Rhapsody_in_Blue_Paul_Whiteman_1927.jpg/220px-Rhapsody_in_Blue_Paul_Whiteman_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/06/Rhapsody_in_Blue_Paul_Whiteman_1927.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption>Late 1930s reissue of the 1927 electrical release of Rhapsody in Blue as Victor 35822A by Paul Whiteman and His Concert Orchestra with George Gershwin on piano. 1974 <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Grammy Hall of Fame">Grammy Hall of Fame</a> inductee.</figcaption></figure> After the warm reception of Rhapsody in Blue by the audience at Aeolian Hall, Gershwin recorded several abridged versions of his composition in different formats.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199875Schiff1997-70">[68]</a> On June 10, 1924, Gershwin and Whiteman's orchestra created an <a href="/wiki/History_of_sound_recording#Acoustical_recording" title="History of sound recording">acoustic recording</a> running 8 minutes and 59 seconds and issued by the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Talking_Machine_Company" title="Victor Talking Machine Company">Victor Talking Machine Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERust19751924Rayno2013327-73">[70]</a> A year later, Gershwin recorded his performance on a 1925 <a href="/wiki/Piano_roll" title="Piano roll">piano roll</a> for a two-piano version.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199764-74">[71]</a> Later, on April 21, 1927, he made an <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction#Electrical" title="Sound recording and reproduction">electrical recording</a> with Whiteman's orchestra running 9 minutes and 1 second and again recorded by Victor.<a href="#cite_note-76">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERust19751931-75">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Shilkret" title="Nathaniel Shilkret">Nathaniel Shilkret</a> purportedly conducted the electrical recording after a dispute between Gershwin and Whiteman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199875–76Rust19751931-77">[73]</a> Whiteman's orchestra later performed a truncated version of the piece in the 1930 film <a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="The King of Jazz">The King of Jazz</a> with <a href="/wiki/Roy_Bargy" title="Roy Bargy">Roy Bargy</a> on piano.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESobczynski2018Greenberg199878-78">[74]</a> Due to the length limitations of early recording formats, the first complete and unabridged recording of Gershwin's composition did not occur until the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. In July 1935, after several years of performing the rhapsody for sold-out audiences in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>,<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> conductor <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fiedler" title="Arthur Fiedler">Arthur Fiedler</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Pops_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Pops Orchestra">Boston Pops Orchestra</a> recorded the first unabridged version—nearly fourteen minutes in length—with <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican people">Puerto Rican</a> pianist <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Mar%C3%ADa_Sanrom%C3%A1" title="Jesús María Sanromá">Jesús María Sanromá</a> for <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor_Red_Seal" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor Red Seal">RCA Victor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fiedler_Re-Recording-80">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore19357Sherman1935-81">[76]</a> For this first unabridged recording, Fiedler discarded Ferde Grofé's original 1924 arrangement and adapted the piece for a conventional symphony.<a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> At the time, contemporary critics praised Fiedler for jettisoning the so-called "jazzy sentimentality" of Grofé's earlier arrangement and adding a "more symphonic richness and authority."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherman1935-83">[78]</a> During the final months of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, amid the box-office success of the Gershwin biographical film <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue_(film)" title="Rhapsody in Blue (film)">Rhapsody in Blue</a> (1945), pianist <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Levant" title="Oscar Levant">Oscar Levant</a> recorded the now iconic composition with <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ormandy" title="Eugene Ormandy">Eugene Ormandy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a> on August 21, 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard194524-84">[79]</a> Levant had been an intimate friend of the deceased composer,<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199849,_212-86">[81]</a> and he sought to replicate Gershwin's idiomatic playing style in his performance.<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> Levant's homage—labelled Columbia Masterworks 251—received rapturous reviews and became one of the best-selling record albums of the year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Tampa_Bay_Times''194535Billboard194524-88">[83]</a> As a result of Levant's recording and the 1945 biographical film about Gershwin's life, a "Gershwin revival" ensued. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:My_Video.webm" title="File:My Video.webm">George Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue for Piano, Four Hands, arr. Henry Levine</a> (8:09)</div> <div><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/My_Video.webm/215px--My_Video.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" height="121" data-durationhint="489" data-mwtitle="My_Video.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/My_Video.webm/My_Video.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/My_Video.webm/My_Video.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/My_Video.webm/My_Video.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/My_Video.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/My_Video.webm/My_Video.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/My_Video.webm/My_Video.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/My_Video.webm/My_Video.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/My_Video.webm/My_Video.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/The_Latsos_Piano_Duo" title="The Latsos Piano Duo">The Latsos Piano Duo</a> Perform George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue for Piano, Four Hands (1924) arr. Henry Levine in the concert series for Music in the Mansion, filmed by <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverly Hills">Beverly Hills</a> Television, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Greystone_Mansion" title="Greystone Mansion">Greystone Mansion</a> 2023</div></div></div></div> </div> By the 1960s and 1970s, Gershwin's rhapsody had become a predictable staple of both concert performances and orchestra recordings; consequently, more diverse and irreverent interpretations appeared over time. In Summer 1973, Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Jazz-rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz-rock">jazz-rock</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Eumir_Deodato" title="Eumir Deodato">Eumir Deodato</a> <a href="/wiki/Deodato_2" title="Deodato 2">reinterpreted</a> Gershwin's rhapsody in an abridged version that featured <a href="/wiki/Uptempo" class="mw-redirect" title="Uptempo">uptempo</a> neo‐<a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a> rhythms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1973-89">[84]</a> Although music critics derided Deodato's interpretation as "mangled" and barely recognizable,<a href="#cite_note-90">[85]</a> his single reached No. 41 on the "Hot 100" and No. 10 on "Easy Listening" on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_charts" title="Billboard charts">Billboard charts</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard197327,_56-91">[86]</a> and No. 48 and No. 13 respectively in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[88]</a> In the wake of Deodato's earlier reinterpretation, French pianist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Clayderman" title="Richard Clayderman">Richard Clayderman</a> recorded a similarly abridged <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> arrangement in 1978 which became one of his signature pieces.<a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColford1985-95">[90]</a> Concurrent with the emergence of these more diverse interpretations, scholarly interest revived in the original 1924 arrangement by Ferde Grofé which had not been performed since the end of the Jazz Age. On February 14, 1973, conductor <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kiesler" title="Kenneth Kiesler">Kenneth Kiesler</a> and pianist Paul Verrette performed Grofé's original arrangement on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Hampshire" title="University of New Hampshire">University of New Hampshire</a> campus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith197310-96">[91]</a> Soon after, conductor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Jazz_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Jazz Band">Columbia Jazz Band</a> recorded Grofé's arrangement in 1976, as did conductor <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Peress" title="Maurice Peress">Maurice Peress</a> with pianist <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Davis" title="Ivan Davis">Ivan Davis</a> in 1984 as part of a 60th-anniversary reconstruction of the entire 1924 concert.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199767–68-97">[92]</a> One hundred years after the debut of Gershwin's rhapsody in 1924, tens of thousands of orchestras as well as solo pianists have recorded the piece, both abridged and unabridged. A number of these recordings have garnered critical recognition such as pianist <a href="/wiki/Michel_Camilo" title="Michel Camilo">Michel Camilo</a>'s 2006 rendition which won a <a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Grammy Award">Latin Grammy Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestphal2006-98">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Form_and_analysis">Form and analysis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Form and analysis">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhap_in_blue_opening.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rhap_in_blue_opening.jpg/310px-Rhap_in_blue_opening.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rhap_in_blue_opening.jpg/465px-Rhap_in_blue_opening.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rhap_in_blue_opening.jpg/620px-Rhap_in_blue_opening.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>The opening bars of Gershwin's score for the rhapsody, often referred to as the "Glissando theme".</figcaption></figure> As a jazz concerto, Rhapsody in Blue is written for solo piano with orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199726-99">[94]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(music)" title="Rhapsody (music)">rhapsody</a> differs from a concerto in that it features one extended movement instead of separate movements. Rhapsodies often incorporate passages of an improvisational nature—although written out in a score—and are irregular in form, with heightened contrasts and emotional exuberance. The music ranges from intensely rhythmic <a href="/wiki/Piano_solo" title="Piano solo">piano solos</a> to slow, broad, and richly orchestrated sections. Consequently, the Rhapsody "may be looked upon as a <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasia (music)">fantasia</a>, with no strict fidelity to form."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958157-100">[95]</a> The opening of Rhapsody in Blue is written as a clarinet <a href="/wiki/Trill_(music)" title="Trill (music)">trill</a> followed by a legato, 17 notes in a diatonic scale. During a rehearsal, Whiteman's virtuoso clarinetist, Ross Gorman, rendered the upper portion of the scale as a captivating and trombone-like <a href="/wiki/Glissando" title="Glissando">glissando</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199870-101">[96]</a> Gershwin heard it and insisted that it be repeated in the performance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199870-101">[96]</a> The effect is produced using the tongue and throat muscles to change the resonance of the oral cavity, thus controlling the continuously rising pitch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChenSmith2008-102">[97]</a> Many clarinet players gradually open the left-hand <a href="/wiki/Tone_hole" title="Tone hole">tone holes</a> on their instrument during the passage from the last concert F to the top concert B♭ as well. This effect has now become standard performance practice for the work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChenSmith2008-102">[97]</a> Rhapsody in Blue features both rhythmic invention and melodic inspiration, and demonstrates Gershwin's ability to write a piece with large-scale harmonic and melodic structure. The piece is characterized by strong <a href="/wiki/Motivic" class="mw-redirect" title="Motivic">motivic inter-relatedness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199517-103">[98]</a> Much of the motivic material is introduced in the first 14 <a href="/wiki/Measure_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Measure (music)">measures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199517-103">[98]</a> Musicologist <a href="/wiki/David_Schiff" title="David Schiff">David Schiff</a> has identified five major themes plus a sixth "tag".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199713-22">[22]</a> Two themes appear in the first 14 measures, and the tag shows up in measure 19.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199713-22">[22]</a> Two of the remaining three themes are rhythmically related to the first theme in measure 2, which is sometimes called the "Glissando theme"—after the opening <a href="/wiki/Glissando" title="Glissando">glissando</a> in the clarinet solo—or the "Ritornello theme".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199713-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale201439–42-104">[99]</a> The remaining theme is the "Train theme",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199713-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale2014107-105">[100]</a> which is the first to appear at rehearsal 9 after the opening material.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale2014107-105">[100]</a> All of these themes rely on the <a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">blues scale</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199714-106">[101]</a> which includes lowered sevenths and a mixture of major and minor thirds.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199714-106">[101]</a> Each theme appears both in orchestrated form and as a piano solo. There are considerable differences in the style of presentation of each theme. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Gershwin%27s_%22Rhapsody_in_Blue%22_piano_solo.ogg" title="File:George Gershwin's "Rhapsody in Blue" piano solo.ogg">"Rhapsody in Blue" (Cover)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="954" data-mwtitle="George_Gershwin's_"Rhapsody_in_Blue"_piano_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/George_Gershwin%27s_%22Rhapsody_in_Blue%22_piano_solo.ogg/George_Gershwin%27s_%22Rhapsody_in_Blue%22_piano_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/George_Gershwin%27s_%22Rhapsody_in_Blue%22_piano_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">A 2018 piano solo cover of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmonic structure</a> of the rhapsody is more difficult to analyze.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199568-107">[102]</a> The piece begins and ends in B♭ major, but it modulates towards the sub-dominant direction and abruptly returns to B♭ major at the end.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199728-108">[103]</a> The opening modulates "downward" through the keys B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, B, E, and finally to A major.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199728-108">[103]</a> Modulation through the circle of fifths in the reverse direction inverts classical tonal relationships, but does not abandon them. The entire middle section resides primarily in C major, with forays into G major (the dominant relation).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199729-109">[104]</a> Such modulations occur freely, although not always with harmonic direction. Gershwin frequently uses a recursive <a href="/wiki/Chord_progression" title="Chord progression">harmonic progression</a> of minor thirds to give the illusion of motion when in fact a passage does not change key from beginning to end.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199568-107">[102]</a> Modulation by thirds is a common feature of <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a> music. The influences of jazz and other contemporary styles are present in Rhapsody in Blue. <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a> rhythms are abundant,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199714-106">[101]</a> as is the Cuban "<a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a>" rhythm, which doubles as a dance rhythm in the <a href="/wiki/Charleston_(dance)" title="Charleston (dance)">Charleston</a> jazz dance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider1999180-47">[46]</a> Gershwin's own intentions were to correct the belief that jazz had to be played strictly in time so that one could dance to it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199712-110">[105]</a> The rhapsody's tempos vary widely, and there is an almost extreme use of <a href="/wiki/Rubato" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubato">rubato</a> in many places throughout. The clearest influence of jazz is the use of <a href="/wiki/Blue_note" title="Blue note">blue notes</a>, and the exploration of their half-step relationship plays a key role in the rhapsody.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider1999187-111">[106]</a> The use of so-called "vernacular" instruments, such as <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a>, and saxophones in the orchestra, contribute to its jazz or popular style, and the latter two of these instruments have remained part of Grofé's "standard" orchestra scoring.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199765-66">[65]</a> Gershwin incorporated different piano styles into his work. He used the techniques of <a href="/wiki/Stride_piano" class="mw-redirect" title="Stride piano">stride piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novelty_piano" title="Novelty piano">novelty piano</a>, comic piano, and the <a href="/wiki/Song-plugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-plugger">song-plugger</a> piano style. Stride piano's rhythmic and improvisational style is evident in the "agitato e misterioso" section, which begins four bars after rehearsal 33, as well as in other sections, many of which include the orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale2014107-105">[100]</a> Novelty piano can be heard at rehearsal 9 with the revelation of the Train theme. The hesitations and light-hearted style of comic piano, a <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> approach to piano made well known by <a href="/wiki/Chico_Marx" title="Chico Marx">Chico Marx</a>, are evident at rehearsal 22.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199736-112">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_influence">Legacy and influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy and influence">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_zeitgeist">Cultural zeitgeist</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cultural zeitgeist">edit</a>]</div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 300px; height: 200px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -125px; left: -90px; width: 500px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Krazy_Kat_LOC_npcc.04658.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gerswhin's work has been cited by writers and scholars as embodying the Jazz Age's zeitgeist with its flappers and speakeasies. Above: Patrons and a flapper await the opening of a speakeasy in 1921." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Krazy_Kat_LOC_npcc.04658.jpg/500px-Krazy_Kat_LOC_npcc.04658.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="405" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Krazy_Kat_LOC_npcc.04658.jpg/750px-Krazy_Kat_LOC_npcc.04658.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Krazy_Kat_LOC_npcc.04658.jpg/1000px-Krazy_Kat_LOC_npcc.04658.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5328" data-file-height="4315" /></a></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Krazy_Kat_LOC_npcc.04658.jpg" title="File:Krazy Kat LOC npcc.04658.jpg"> </a></div>Gerswhin's work has been cited by writers and scholars as embodying the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist" title="Zeitgeist">zeitgeist</a> with its <a href="/wiki/Flapper" title="Flapper">flappers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speakeasies" class="mw-redirect" title="Speakeasies">speakeasies</a>. Above: Patrons and a flapper await the opening of a speakeasy in 1921. </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a></div> With the debut of Rhapsody in Blue, Gershwin inaugurated a new era in America's musical history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958154-8">[8]</a> He established his reputation as one of the eminent composers of the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a>, and his composition eventually became one of the most popular of all concert works.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff1997Book_jacket-9">[9]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_(magazine)" title="American Heritage (magazine)">American Heritage</a> magazine, Frederic D. Schwarz posits that the famous opening clarinet <a href="/wiki/Glissando" title="Glissando">glissando</a> has become as instantly recognizable to concert audiences as the opening of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)">Fifth Symphony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz1999-10">[10]</a> According to critic Orrin Howard of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Philharmonic" title="Los Angeles Philharmonic">Los Angeles Philharmonic</a>, Gershwin's rhapsody made an indelible mark "on the fraternity of serious composers and performers—many of whom were present at the premiere—and on Gershwin himself, for its enthusiastic reception encouraged him to other and more serious projects."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward2003-7">[7]</a> Howard posits that the work's legacy is best understood as embodying the cultural <a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist" title="Zeitgeist">zeitgeist</a> of the Jazz Age: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Beginning with that incomparable, flamboyant clarinet solo, Rhapsody is irresistible still, with its syncopated rhythmic vibrancy, its abandoned, impudent flair that tells more about the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a> than could a thousand words, and its genuine melodic beauty colored a deep, jazzy blue by the flatted sevenths and thirds that had their origins in the <a href="/wiki/Slave_Songs_of_the_United_States" title="Slave Songs of the United States">African-American slave songs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward2003-7">[7]</a></blockquote> Although Gershwin's rhapsody is "by no means a definitive example of jazz in the Jazz Age,"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESisk2016-113">[108]</a> music historians such as James Ciment and <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Levin" title="Floyd Levin">Floyd Levin</a> have similarly concurred that it is the key composition that encapsulates the spirit of the era.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECiment2015265-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevin200273-114">[109]</a> As early as 1927, writer <a href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a> opined that Rhapsody in Blue idealized the youthful zeitgeist of the Jazz Age.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzgerald200493-115">[110]</a> In subsequent decades, both the latter era and Fitzgerald's related literary works have been often culturally linked by critics and scholars with Gershwin's composition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeachout1992-116">[111]</a> In 1941, social historian <a href="/wiki/Peter_Quennell" title="Peter Quennell">Peter Quennell</a> opined that Fitzgerald's novel <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby">The Great Gatsby</a> embodied "the sadness and the remote jauntiness of a Gershwin tune."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMizener1960-117">[112]</a> Accordingly, director <a href="/wiki/Baz_Luhrmann" title="Baz Luhrmann">Baz Luhrmann</a> used Rhapsody in Blue as a dramatic <a href="/wiki/Leitmotif" title="Leitmotif">leitmotif</a> for the character of <a href="/wiki/Jay_Gatsby" title="Jay Gatsby">Jay Gatsby</a> in his 2013 film <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(2013_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (2013 film)">The Great Gatsby</a>, a cinematic adaptation of Fitzgerald's 1925 novel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2019-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale2014156–157-118">[113]</a> Various writers, such as the American playwright and journalist <a href="/wiki/Terry_Teachout" title="Terry Teachout">Terry Teachout</a>, have likened Gershwin himself to the character of Gatsby due to his attempt to transcend his lower-class background, his abrupt meteoric success, and his early death while in his thirties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeachout1992-116">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_portrait_of_New_York_City">Musical portrait of New York City</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Musical portrait of New York City">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_view_of_lower_New_York_City_from_the_Metropolitan_Tower_LCCN00651180_Retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Night_view_of_lower_New_York_City_from_the_Metropolitan_Tower_LCCN00651180_Retouched.jpg/220px-Night_view_of_lower_New_York_City_from_the_Metropolitan_Tower_LCCN00651180_Retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Night_view_of_lower_New_York_City_from_the_Metropolitan_Tower_LCCN00651180_Retouched.jpg/330px-Night_view_of_lower_New_York_City_from_the_Metropolitan_Tower_LCCN00651180_Retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Night_view_of_lower_New_York_City_from_the_Metropolitan_Tower_LCCN00651180_Retouched.jpg/440px-Night_view_of_lower_New_York_City_from_the_Metropolitan_Tower_LCCN00651180_Retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2544" data-file-height="3655" /></a><figcaption>Rhapsody in Blue has been interpreted as a musical portrait of <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a> New York City.</figcaption></figure> Rhapsody in Blue has been interpreted as a musical portrait of early-20th-century New York City.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing2016-119">[114]</a> Culture scribe Darryn King wrote in <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> that "Gershwin's fusion of jazz and classical traditions captures the thriving <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a> of Jazz Age New York."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing2016-119">[114]</a> Likewise, music historian <a href="/wiki/Vince_Giordano" title="Vince Giordano">Vince Giordano</a> has opined that "the <a href="/wiki/Syncopation" title="Syncopation">syncopation</a>, the blue notes, the ragtime and jazz rhythms that Gershwin wrote in 1924 was really a feeling of New York City in that amazing era. The rhythm of the city seems to be in there."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing2016-119">[114]</a> Pianist <a href="/wiki/Lang_Lang" title="Lang Lang">Lang Lang</a> echoes this sentiment: "When I hear Rhapsody in Blue, I see the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> somehow. I see the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Skyline" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Skyline">New York Skyline</a> in midtown Manhattan, and I already see the coffee shops [in] <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing2016-119">[114]</a> Accordingly, the opening montage of <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a>'s 1979 film <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_(1979_film)" title="Manhattan (1979 film)">Manhattan</a> features a rendition by <a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a> in which quintessential New York scenes are set to the music of Gershwin's famed jazz concerto.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing2016Cooper2016-120">[115]</a> Twenty years later, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Pictures</a> used the composition for the New York segment of the 1999 animated film <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_2000" title="Fantasia 2000">Fantasia 2000</a>, in which the piece lyrically frames an animated segment drawn in the style of illustrator <a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1999-121">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_composers">Influence on composers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Influence on composers">edit</a>]</div> Gershwin's rhapsody has influenced a number of composers. In 1955, Rhapsody in Blue inspired accordionist <a href="/wiki/John_Serry_Sr." title="John Serry Sr.">John Serry Sr.</a> to compose his 1957 work <a href="/wiki/American_Rhapsody" title="American Rhapsody">American Rhapsody</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESerry1957-122">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a>, leader of <a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a>, stated on several occasions that Rhapsody in Blue is one of his favorite pieces. He first heard the piece as a two-year-old and recalled that he adored it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin200625,_118-123">[118]</a> According to biographer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ames_Carlin" title="Peter Ames Carlin">Peter Ames Carlin</a>, the rhapsody influenced Wilson's <a href="/wiki/Smile_(Beach_Boys_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smile (Beach Boys album)">Smile</a> album.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin200625,_118-123">[118]</a> Rhapsody in Blue also inspired a collaboration between blind savant British pianist <a href="/wiki/Derek_Paravicini" title="Derek Paravicini">Derek Paravicini</a> and composer <a href="/wiki/Matthew_King_(composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew King (composer)">Matthew King</a> on a new concerto, called <a href="/wiki/Blue_(Piano_concerto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue (Piano concerto)">Blue</a> premiered at the <a href="/wiki/South_Bank_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bank Centre">South Bank Centre</a> in London in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News2011-124">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other uses">edit</a>]</div> At the opening ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Summer Olympics</a> in Los Angeles, 84 pianists played simultaneously Rhapsody in Blue in an ensemble performance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale201443-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff19971-125">[120]</a> Pianists <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lang_Lang" title="Lang Lang">Lang Lang</a> performed Rhapsody in Blue at the <a href="/wiki/50th_Grammy_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="50th Grammy Awards">50th Grammy Awards</a> on February 10, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwed2009-126">[121]</a> Since 1980, the piece has been used by <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> in their advertisements, in pre-flight safety videos, and in the Terminal 1 underground walkway at <a href="/wiki/Chicago_O%27Hare_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago O'Hare International Airport">Chicago O'Hare International Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Airlines2020Bañagale2014158–173-127">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEldred_v._Ashcroft_2003-128">[123]</a> Rhapsody in Blue was sampled in <a href="/wiki/Ben_Folds_Five" title="Ben Folds Five">Ben Folds Five</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Philosophy_(Ben_Folds_Five_song)" title="Philosophy (Ben Folds Five song)">Philosophy</a>"<a href="#cite_note-129">[124]</a> and South Korean girl group <a href="/wiki/Red_Velvet_(group)" title="Red Velvet (group)">Red Velvet</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Birthday_(Red_Velvet_song)" title="Birthday (Red Velvet song)">Birthday</a>".<a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation_status">Preservation status</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Preservation status">edit</a>]</div> On September 22, 2013, the Gershwin estate announced that a <a href="/wiki/Musicological" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicological">musicological</a> <a href="/wiki/Historical_editions_(music)" title="Historical editions (music)">critical edition</a> of the full orchestral score will be eventually released. The Gershwin family, working in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, are working to make these scores available to the public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGershwin_Initiative2013-131">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanty2013-132">[127]</a> Though the entire Gershwin project may take 40 years to complete, the Rhapsody in Blue edition will be an early volume.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClagueGetman2015-133">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClague2013-134">[129]</a> Rhapsody in Blue entered the <a href="/wiki/2020_in_public_domain" title="2020 in public domain">public domain on January 1, 2020</a>, although individual recordings of it may remain under copyright.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKingJenkins2019-135">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins2019-136">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Paul Whiteman gave away free tickets to promote the concert and lost money.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958142,_148-41">[41]</a> He expended $11,000, and the concert netted $4,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958142,_148-41">[41]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Omissions include the bars from rehearsal mark 14 to halfway through the fifth bar of rh. 18; from two bars before rh. 22 to the fourth bar of rh. 24; and the first four bars of rh. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Victor 55225 is the June 10, 1924, acoustic recording with the original clarinetist, Ross Gorman, performing the opening glissando.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERust19751924-71">[69]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Victor 35822 is the April 21, 1927, electrical recording in which <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Shilkret" title="Nathaniel Shilkret">Nathaniel Shilkret</a> conducted the orchestra and later <a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(music)" title="Dubbing (music)">dubbed</a> onto an <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>33+1⁄3-rpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERust19751931-75">[72]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fiedler_Re-Recording-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Fiedler_Re-Recording_80-0">^</a> Fiedler and the Boston Pops made another popular recording of the work in <a href="/wiki/Stereophonic_sound" title="Stereophonic sound">stereophonic sound</a> with <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wild" title="Earl Wild">Earl Wild</a> at the piano for RCA Victor in 1959. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE1924_Copyright_Filing-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE1924_Copyright_Filing_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF1924_Copyright_Filing">1924 Copyright Filing</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199753-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199753_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199753_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199753_2-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECowen1998-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECowen1998_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECowen1998_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECowen1998_3-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCowen1998">Cowen 1998</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDownes192416-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDownes192416_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDownes192416_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDownes192416_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDownes192416_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDownes192416_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDownes192416_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDownes192416_4-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFDownes1924">Downes 1924</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECiment2015265-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECiment2015265_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECiment2015265_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCiment2015">Ciment 2015</a>, p. 265. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199571-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199571_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilbert1995">Gilbert 1995</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward2003-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward2003_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward2003_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward2003_7-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoward2003">Howard 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958154-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958154_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958154_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958154_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958154_8-3">d</a> <a 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p. 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale201445–46-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBañagale201445–46_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBañagale2014">Bañagale 2014</a>, pp. 45–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale20144-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBañagale20144_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBañagale2014">Bañagale 2014</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff19975-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff19975_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff19975_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff19975_58-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESultanof1987-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultanof1987_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSultanof1987">Sultanof 1987</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy2019-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevy2019_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevy2019_60-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevy2019">Levy 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff19975Goldberg1958148Sultanof1987Levy2019-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff19975Goldberg1958148Sultanof1987Levy2019_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 5; <a href="#CITEREFGoldberg1958">Goldberg 1958</a>, p. 148; <a href="#CITEREFSultanof1987">Sultanof 1987</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLevy2019">Levy 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199876-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199876_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199876_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199876_62-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1998">Greenberg 1998</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale201443-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBañagale201443_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBañagale201443_63-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBañagale2014">Bañagale 2014</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale201444-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBañagale201444_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBañagale2014">Bañagale 2014</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199867-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199867_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1998">Greenberg 1998</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199765-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199765_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199765_66-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerencz2011143-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerencz2011143_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFerencz2011">Ferencz 2011</a>, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerencz2011141-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerencz2011141_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFerencz2011">Ferencz 2011</a>, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199875Schiff1997-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199875Schiff1997_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1998">Greenberg 1998</a>, pp. 75; <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERust19751924-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERust19751924_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRust1975">Rust 1975</a>, p. 1924. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERust19751924Rayno2013327-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERust19751924Rayno2013327_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRust1975">Rust 1975</a>, p. 1924; <a href="#CITEREFRayno2013">Rayno 2013</a>, p. 327. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199764-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199764_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERust19751931-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERust19751931_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERust19751931_75-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRust1975">Rust 1975</a>, p. 1931. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199875–76Rust19751931-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199875–76Rust19751931_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1998">Greenberg 1998</a>, pp. 75–76; <a href="#CITEREFRust1975">Rust 1975</a>, p. 1931. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESobczynski2018Greenberg199878-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESobczynski2018Greenberg199878_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSobczynski2018">Sobczynski 2018</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1998">Greenberg 1998</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1932">The New York Times 1932</a>: "Despite the depression, the Boston 'Pops' have been astonishingly successful this season, sold-out houses being an almost nightly circumstance." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore19357Sherman1935-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore19357Sherman1935_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore1935">Moore 1935</a>, p. 7; <a href="#CITEREFSherman1935">Sherman 1935</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore1935">Moore 1935</a>, p. 7: "This piece, introduced a decade ago by Paul Whiteman, speedily grew so popular that another version had to be made, changing from the Whiteman instrumentation to that of the conventional symphony orchestra, which is the case here." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherman1935-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherman1935_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSherman1935">Sherman 1935</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard194524-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillboard194524_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBillboard1945">Billboard 1945</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTampa_Bay_Times1945">Tampa Bay Times 1945</a>, p. 35: "Levant was a close friend of Gershwin and was a wise choice to do the thrilling new recording of the Rhapsody. Levant's interpretation is fiery and brilliant." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199849,_212-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199849,_212_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1998">Greenberg 1998</a>, pp. 49, 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCassidy1945">Cassidy 1945</a>, p. 11: "Oscar Levant ghosts Gershwin's playing, and he comes closer than anyone else to recapturing what sometimes seems to have been a one man idiom." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Tampa_Bay_Times''194535Billboard194524-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Tampa_Bay_Times''194535Billboard194524_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTampa_Bay_Times1945">Tampa Bay Times 1945</a>, p. 35; <a href="#CITEREFBillboard1945">Billboard 1945</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1973-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1973_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPalmer1973">Palmer 1973</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPalmer1973">Palmer 1973</a>: "Rhapsody resembles the Gershwin original only when strings and horns interrupt extended guitar and keyboard solos with fragments of the work's principal themes. The solos are played over up‐tempo neo‐samba rhythms.... these long improvisational sections have little to do with the thematic material which is inserted here and there". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard197327,_56-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillboard197327,_56_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBillboard1973">Billboard 1973</a>, pp. 27, 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/028020/f2/nlc008388.4912.pdf">"RPM Top 100 Singles - October 6, 1973"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RPM+Top+100+Singles+-+October+6%2C+1973&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Fobj%2F028020%2Ff2%2Fnlc008388.4912.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/028020/f2/nlc008388.4913.pdf">"RPM Top AC - October 27, 1973"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RPM+Top+AC+-+October+27%2C+1973&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Fobj%2F028020%2Ff2%2Fnlc008388.4913.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMazey1985">Mazey 1985</a>: "Clayderman butchered Gershwin's intoxicating Rhapsody in Blue, for example, with a pulsing disco beat. If they ever do a record called Hooked on Gershwin, Clayderman is their man." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColford1985-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColford1985_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFColford1985">Colford 1985</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith197310-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith197310_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith1973">Smith 1973</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199767–68-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199767–68_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, pp. 67–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestphal2006-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestphal2006_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWestphal2006">Westphal 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199726-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199726_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958157-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg1958157_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoldberg1958">Goldberg 1958</a>, p. 157. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199870-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199870_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenberg199870_101-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenberg1998">Greenberg 1998</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChenSmith2008-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChenSmith2008_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChenSmith2008_102-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFChenSmith2008">Chen & Smith 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199517-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199517_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199517_103-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilbert1995">Gilbert 1995</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale201439–42-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBañagale201439–42_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBañagale2014">Bañagale 2014</a>, pp. 39–42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale2014107-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBañagale2014107_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBañagale2014107_105-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBañagale2014107_105-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBañagale2014">Bañagale 2014</a>, p. 107. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199714-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199714_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199714_106-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199714_106-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert199568-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199568_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilbert199568_107-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilbert1995">Gilbert 1995</a>, p. 68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199728-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199728_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199728_108-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199729-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199729_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199712-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199712_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider1999187-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider1999187_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchneider1999">Schneider 1999</a>, p. 187. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff199736-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff199736_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESisk2016-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESisk2016_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSisk2016">Sisk 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevin200273-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevin200273_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevin2002">Levin 2002</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzgerald200493-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzgerald200493_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFitzgerald2004">Fitzgerald 2004</a>, p. 93. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETeachout1992-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeachout1992_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeachout1992_116-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTeachout1992">Teachout 1992</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMizener1960-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMizener1960_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMizener1960">Mizener 1960</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBañagale2014156–157-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBañagale2014156–157_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBañagale2014">Bañagale 2014</a>, pp. 156–157. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing2016-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKing2016_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKing2016_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKing2016_119-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKing2016_119-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFKing2016">King 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing2016Cooper2016-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKing2016Cooper2016_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKing2016">King 2016</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCooper2016">Cooper 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1999-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1999_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSolomon1999">Solomon 1999</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESerry1957-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESerry1957_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSerry1957">Serry 1957</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin200625,_118-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlin200625,_118_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlin200625,_118_123-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarlin2006">Carlin 2006</a>, pp. 25, 118. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News2011-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News2011_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBBC_News2011">BBC News 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchiff19971-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchiff19971_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchiff1997">Schiff 1997</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwed2009-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwed2009_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSwed2009">Swed 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Airlines2020Bañagale2014158–173-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_Airlines2020Bañagale2014158–173_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_Airlines2020">United Airlines 2020</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBañagale2014">Bañagale 2014</a>, pp. 158–173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEldred_v._Ashcroft_2003-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEldred_v._Ashcroft_2003_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEldred_v._Ashcroft_2003">Eldred v. Ashcroft 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2015" class="citation news cs1">King, Darryn (June 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jun/12/ben-folds-gershwin-ymusic-classical">"Ben Folds's latest project pays homage to Gershwin, 'the Elton John of his day'"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved November 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ben+Folds%27s+latest+project+pays+homage+to+Gershwin%2C+%27the+Elton+John+of+his+day%27&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Darryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2015%2Fjun%2F12%2Fben-folds-gershwin-ymusic-classical&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipshutzLynchBowenbankHavens2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Lipshutz, Jason; Lynch, Joe; Bowenbank, Starr; Havens, Lyndsey (November 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/new-pop-songs-red-velvet-alan-walker-julia-pratt-1235177057/">"10 Cool New Pop Songs to Get You Through The Week: Red Velvet, Alan Walker, Julia Pratt & More"</a>. Billboard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201134359/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/new-pop-songs-red-velvet-alan-walker-julia-pratt-1235177057/">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=10+Cool+New+Pop+Songs+to+Get+You+Through+The+Week%3A+Red+Velvet%2C+Alan+Walker%2C+Julia+Pratt+%26+More&rft.date=2022-11-28&rft.aulast=Lipshutz&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Joe&rft.au=Bowenbank%2C+Starr&rft.au=Havens%2C+Lyndsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Fpop%2Fnew-pop-songs-red-velvet-alan-walker-julia-pratt-1235177057%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGershwin_Initiative2013-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGershwin_Initiative2013_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGershwin_Initiative2013">Gershwin Initiative 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanty2013-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanty2013_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCanty2013">Canty 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClagueGetman2015-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClagueGetman2015_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClagueGetman2015">Clague & Getman 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClague2013-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClague2013_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClague2013">Clague 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKingJenkins2019-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKingJenkins2019_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKingJenkins2019">King & Jenkins 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins2019-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJenkins2019_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJenkins2019">Jenkins 2019</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Print_sources">Print sources</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Print sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadio_Times1925" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/page/7e6ec7978ed345c7ab0fc3e1f5312b2f?page=10">"A Concert of Syncopated Symphonic Music"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a>. No. 90. London, England. June 12, 1925. p. 538. Retrieved June 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Times&rft.atitle=A+Concert+of+Syncopated+Symphonic+Music&rft.issue=90&rft.pages=538&rft.date=1925-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenome.ch.bbc.co.uk%2Fpage%2F7e6ec7978ed345c7ab0fc3e1f5312b2f%3Fpage%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBañagale2014" class="citation book cs1">Bañagale, Ryan Raul (2014). Arranging Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue and the Creation of an American Icon. Oxford, England: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199978373.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199978373.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-997837-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-997837-3"><bdi>978-0-19-997837-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arranging+Gershwin%3A+Rhapsody+in+Blue+and+the+Creation+of+an+American+Icon&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199978373.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-997837-3&rft.aulast=Ba%C3%B1agale&rft.aufirst=Ryan+Raul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillboard1945" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jRgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT23">"Best-Selling Record Albums by Classical Artists (1945)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">The Billboard</a>. Vol. 57, no. 35. September 1, 1945. p. 24. Retrieved November 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Billboard&rft.atitle=Best-Selling+Record+Albums+by+Classical+Artists+%281945%29&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1945-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjRgEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillboard1973" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BwkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA27">"Billboard Top 50 Easy Listening (1973)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">The Billboard</a>. Vol. 85, no. 38. September 22, 1973. pp. 27, 56. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Billboard&rft.atitle=Billboard+Top+50+Easy+Listening+%281973%29&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=27%2C+56&rft.date=1973-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBwkEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1932" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/06/26/archives/bostons-pop-concerts.html">"Boston's 'Pop' Concerts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York City. June 22, 1932. p. 4X. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Boston%27s+%27Pop%27+Concerts&rft.pages=4X&rft.date=1932-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F06%2F26%2Farchives%2Fbostons-pop-concerts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlin2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ames_Carlin" title="Peter Ames Carlin">Carlin, Peter Ames</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_D9WcfN0NqEC">Catch a Wave: The Rise, Fall and Redemption of the Beach Boys' Brian Wilson</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Rodale,_Inc." title="Rodale, Inc.">Rodale</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59486-899-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59486-899-3"><bdi>978-1-59486-899-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catch+a+Wave%3A+The+Rise%2C+Fall+and+Redemption+of+the+Beach+Boys%27+Brian+Wilson&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Rodale&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59486-899-3&rft.aulast=Carlin&rft.aufirst=Peter+Ames&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_D9WcfN0NqEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiment2015" class="citation book cs1">Ciment, James (2015) [2008]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S2nxBwAAQBAJ">Encyclopedia of the Jazz Age: From the End of World War I to the Great Crash</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47165-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47165-3"><bdi>978-1-317-47165-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Jazz+Age%3A+From+the+End+of+World+War+I+to+the+Great+Crash&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-47165-3&rft.aulast=Ciment&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS2nxBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColford1985" class="citation news cs1">Colford, Paul D. (October 9, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/721871070/">"He's Almost World Famous: Meet Richard Clayderman, 'the world's most popular pianist'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a>. Melville, New York. p. 131. Retrieved February 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsday&rft.atitle=He%27s+Almost+World+Famous%3A+Meet+Richard+Clayderman%2C+%27the+world%27s+most+popular+pianist%27&rft.pages=131&rft.date=1985-10-09&rft.aulast=Colford&rft.aufirst=Paul+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F721871070%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTampa_Bay_Times1945" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/314843132/">"Columbia, Victor Dedicates Albums to Gershwin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times" title="Tampa Bay Times">Tampa Bay Times</a>. St. Petersburg, Florida. July 29, 1945. p. 35. Retrieved February 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Columbia%2C+Victor+Dedicates+Albums+to+Gershwin&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1945-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F314843132%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFEldred_v._Ashcroft_2003"><cite><a href="/wiki/Eldred_v._Ashcroft" title="Eldred v. Ashcroft">Eldred v. Ashcroft</a></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.copyright.gov/docs/eldrdedo.pdf">01 U.S. 618</a>, p. 67 (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> January 15, 2003) ("Even the $500,000 that United Airlines has had to pay for the right to play George Gershwin's 1924 classic Rhapsody in Blue represents a cost of doing business, potentially reflected in the ticket prices of those who fly.").</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerencz2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ferencz" title="George Ferencz">Ferencz, George J.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41289202">"Porgy and Bess on the Concert Stage: Gershwin's 1936 Suite (Catfish Row) and the 1942 Gershwin–Bennett Symphonic Picture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Quarterly" title="The Musical Quarterly">The Musical Quarterly</a>. 94 (1–2): 93–155. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmusqtl%2Fgdq019">10.1093/musqtl/gdq019</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1741-8399">1741-8399</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41289202">41289202</a>. <q>Reissuance of The Rhapsody in Blue re-scored by yourself for large symphony orchestra</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Musical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Porgy+and+Bess+on+the+Concert+Stage%3A+Gershwin%27s+1936+Suite+%28Catfish+Row%29+and+the+1942+Gershwin%E2%80%93Bennett+Symphonic+Picture&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=93-155&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1741-8399&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41289202%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmusqtl%2Fgdq019&rft.aulast=Ferencz&rft.aufirst=George+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41289202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald, F. Scott</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M_BObJAl0lIC">Conversations with F. Scott Fitzgerald</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson, Mississippi</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-605-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-605-6"><bdi>978-1-57806-605-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversations+with+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.place=Jackson%2C+Mississippi&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57806-605-6&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=F.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM_BObJAl0lIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1995" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Steven E. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=maPCNBtyZN4C">The Music of Gershwin</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06233-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06233-5"><bdi>978-0-300-06233-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Music+of+Gershwin&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-300-06233-5&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Steven+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmaPCNBtyZN4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Goldberg" title="Isaac Goldberg">Goldberg, Isaac</a> (1958) [1931]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/georgegershwinst00gold">George Gershwin: A Study in American Music</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ungar_Publishing_Company" title="Frederick Ungar Publishing Company">Frederick Ungar Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/58-11627">58-11627</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Gershwin%3A+A+Study+in+American+Music&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Ungar+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F58-11627&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeorgegershwinst00gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1998" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Rodney (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DuoYAQAAIAAJ">George Gershwin</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Phaidon_Press" title="Phaidon Press">Phaidon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3504-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3504-4"><bdi>978-0-7148-3504-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Gershwin&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phaidon+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7148-3504-4&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDuoYAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJablonski1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Jablonski" title="Edward Jablonski">Jablonski, Edward</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ATcjgQTx0uIC">Gershwin Remembered</a>. <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus Press">Amadeus Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-931340-43-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-931340-43-8"><bdi>0-931340-43-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gershwin+Remembered&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Amadeus+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-931340-43-8&rft.aulast=Jablonski&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DATcjgQTx0uIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1974" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Alan (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k9dWAAAAYAAJ">The Twenties</a>. Great Britain: Peerage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-434-90894-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-434-90894-3"><bdi>978-0-434-90894-3</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved February 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=%27Elevator%27+pianist+bland%2C+lacks+vitality%2C+passion&rft.date=1985-09-19&rft.aulast=Mazey&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F464355267%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMizener1960" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mizener" title="Arthur Mizener">Mizener, Arthur</a> (April 24, 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/12/24/specials/fitzgerald-gatsby60.html">"Gatsby, 35 Years Later"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York. Retrieved June 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gatsby%2C+35+Years+Later&rft.date=1960-04-24&rft.aulast=Mizener&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F00%2F12%2F24%2Fspecials%2Ffitzgerald-gatsby60.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1935" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Edward (October 6, 1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/370427460/">"New Musical Records Skim Many Moods"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Tribune</a>. Chicago, Illinois. p. 7. Retrieved February 21, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=New+Musical+Records+Skim+Many+Moods&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1935-10-06&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F370427460%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1973" class="citation news cs1">Palmer, Robert (August 26, 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/26/archives/popjazz-meets-classical-rock-recordings-lillian-roxon.html">"Recordings: Pop/Jazz Meets Classical Rock"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York City. p. 22D. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Recordings%3A+Pop%2FJazz+Meets+Classical+Rock&rft.pages=22D&rft.date=1973-08-26&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1973%2F08%2F26%2Farchives%2Fpopjazz-meets-classical-rock-recordings-lillian-roxon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRayno2013" class="citation book cs1">Rayno, Don (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n-hYmPstZmIC">Paul Whiteman: Pioneer in American Music, Volume II: 1930–1967</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8204-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8204-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-8204-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+Whiteman%3A+Pioneer+in+American+Music%2C+Volume+II%3A+1930%E2%80%931967&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-8204-1&rft.aulast=Rayno&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn-hYmPstZmIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReef2000" class="citation book cs1">Reef, Catherine (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1quq1Vis9KQC">George Gershwin: American Composer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a>: Morgan Reynolds Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883846-58-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883846-58-9"><bdi>978-1-883846-58-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Gershwin%3A+American+Composer&rft.place=Greensboro%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=Morgan+Reynolds+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-883846-58-9&rft.aulast=Reef&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1quq1Vis9KQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRust1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Rust" title="Brian Rust">Rust, Brian</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0uUvAAAAMAAJ">The American Dance Band Discography 1917–1942</a>. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arlington_House_Publishers" title="Arlington House Publishers">Arlington House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87000-248-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87000-248-1"><bdi>0-87000-248-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Dance+Band+Discography+1917%E2%80%931942&rft.place=New+Rochelle%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Arlington+House&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-87000-248-1&rft.aulast=Rust&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0uUvAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiff1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Schiff" title="David Schiff">Schiff, David</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gershwinrhapsody0000schi">Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue</a>. Cambridge, England: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511620201">10.1017/CBO9780511620201</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55077-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55077-2"><bdi>978-0-521-55077-2</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gershwin%3A+Rhapsody+in+Blue&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511620201&rft.isbn=978-0-521-55077-2&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgershwinrhapsody0000schi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider1999" class="citation book cs1">Schneider, Wayne, ed. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a0urqvDSAS4C">The Gershwin Style: New Looks at the Music of George Gershwin</a>. Oxford, England: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509020-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509020-8"><bdi>978-0-19-509020-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gershwin+Style%3A+New+Looks+at+the+Music+of+George+Gershwin&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-509020-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da0urqvDSAS4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1979" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Charles (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gershwinhislifem00schw">Gershwin: His Life and Music</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80096-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80096-2"><bdi>978-0-306-80096-2</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gershwin%3A+His+Life+and+Music&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80096-2&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgershwinhislifem00schw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerry1957" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Serry_Sr." title="John Serry Sr.">Serry, John</a> (1957). American Rhapsody, Copyright: Alpha Music Co (Report). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Copyright_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Copyright Office">Library of Congress Copyright Office</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=American+Rhapsody%2C+Copyright%3A+Alpha+Music+Co.&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Copyright+Office&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Serry&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherman1935" class="citation news cs1">Sherman, John K. (October 26, 1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/187397296/">"Gershwin Rhapsody Vividly Interpreted"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Minneapolis_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="The Minneapolis Star">The Minneapolis Star</a>. Minneapolis, Minnesota. p. 34 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Minneapolis+Star&rft.atitle=Gershwin+Rhapsody+Vividly+Interpreted&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1935-10-26&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F187397296%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlonimsky2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Slonimsky" title="Nicolas Slonimsky">Slonimsky, Nicolas</a> (2000) [1953]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JjW66BVA-j0C">Lexicon of Musical Invective: Critical Assaults on Composers Since Beethoven's Time</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32009-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32009-1"><bdi>978-0-393-32009-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexicon+of+Musical+Invective%3A+Critical+Assaults+on+Composers+Since+Beethoven%27s+Time&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32009-1&rft.aulast=Slonimsky&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJjW66BVA-j0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1973" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Wayne A. (January 27, 1973). "Around the Clock: Rhapsody Revived". <a href="/wiki/The_Greenfield_Recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greenfield Recorder">The Greenfield Recorder</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Massachusetts" title="Greenfield, Massachusetts">Greenfield, Massachusetts</a>. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Greenfield+Recorder&rft.atitle=Around+the+Clock%3A+Rhapsody+Revived&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1973-01-27&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Wayne+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSultanof1987" class="citation book cs1">Sultanof, Jeff, ed. (1987). Rhapsody in Blue: Commemorative Facsimile Edition. <a href="/wiki/Secaucus,_New_Jersey" title="Secaucus, New Jersey">Secaucus, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Warner_Brothers_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Brothers Music">Warner Brothers Music</a>. <q>This reproduces Grofé's holograph manuscript from the Gershwin Collection, Music Division, Library of Congress.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rhapsody+in+Blue%3A+Commemorative+Facsimile+Edition&rft.place=Secaucus%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Warner+Brothers+Music&rft.date=1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1996" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Ean (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V80HAQAAMAAJ">George Gershwin: His Life and Music</a>. London: Sanctuary Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86074-174-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86074-174-6"><bdi>978-1-86074-174-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Gershwin%3A+His+Life+and+Music&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sanctuary+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-86074-174-6&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Ean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV80HAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyattJohnson2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wyatt" title="Robert Wyatt">Wyatt, Robert</a>; Johnson, John Andrew, eds. (2004). "Leonard Bernstein: "Why Don't You Run Upstairs and Write a Nice Gershwin Tune?" (1955)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DIA8DwAAQBAJ">The George Gershwin Reader: Readers on American Musicians</a>. Oxford, England: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-802985-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-802985-4"><bdi>978-0-19-802985-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Leonard+Bernstein%3A+%22Why+Don%27t+You+Run+Upstairs+and+Write+a+Nice+Gershwin+Tune%3F%22+%281955%29&rft.btitle=The+George+Gershwin+Reader%3A+Readers+on+American+Musicians&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-802985-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDIA8DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Online_sources">Online sources</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Online sources">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_News2011" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-15086761/blind-autistic-man-stuns-the-music-world">"Blind Autistic Man Stuns the Music World"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. London, England. September 28, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Blind+Autistic+Man+Stuns+the+Music+World&rft.date=2011-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fentertainment-arts-15086761%2Fblind-autistic-man-stuns-the-music-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassidy1945" class="citation news cs1">Cassidy, Claudia (July 31, 1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/370119878/">"On the Record: Levant's 'Rhapsody in Blue' Best of Current Crop of Gershwin Record Albums"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Tribune</a>. p. 11. 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Retrieved February 17, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=Time+Machine%3A+Seventy-five+Years+Ago+Gershwin%27s+Rhapsody&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=Frederick+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fah%2F1999%2F1%2F1999_1_126.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSisk2016" class="citation web cs1">Sisk, Sarah (February 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smtd.umich.edu/ami/gershwin/?p=628">"When Blue Was New: Rhapsody in Blue's Premiere at 'An Experiment in Modern Music'"</a>. The Gershwin Initiative. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_School_of_Music,_Theatre_%26_Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance">University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance</a>. 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Retrieved November 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RogerEbert.com&rft.atitle=Criterion+Returns+King+of+Jazz+to+Its+Rightful+Throne&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft.aulast=Sobczynski&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Fstreaming%2Fcriterion-returns-king-of-jazz-to-its-rightful-throne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon1999" class="citation magazine cs1">Solomon, Charles (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013134719/http://awn.com/mag/issue4.09/4.09pages/solomonrhapsody.php3">"Rhapsody in Blue: Fantasia 2000's Jewel in the Crown"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Animation_World_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Animation World Magazine">Animation World Magazine</a>. Vol. 4, no. 9. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awn.com/mag/issue4.09/4.09pages/solomonrhapsody.php3">the original</a> on October 13, 2007. Retrieved January 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animation+World+Magazine&rft.atitle=Rhapsody+in+Blue%3A+Fantasia+2000%27s+Jewel+in+the+Crown&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=9&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awn.com%2Fmag%2Fissue4.09%2F4.09pages%2Fsolomonrhapsody.php3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwed2009" class="citation news cs1">Swed, Mark (August 8, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2009/08/lang-lang-and-herbie-hancock-at-the-hollywood-bowl.html">"Music Review: Lang Lang and Herbie Hancock at the Hollywood Bowl"</a>. Culture Monster. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Segundo,_California" title="El Segundo, California">El Segundo, California</a>. Retrieved January 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Music+Review%3A+Lang+Lang+and+Herbie+Hancock+at+the+Hollywood+Bowl&rft.date=2009-08-08&rft.aulast=Swed&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fculturemonster%2F2009%2F08%2Flang-lang-and-herbie-hancock-at-the-hollywood-bowl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeachout1992" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Terry_Teachout" title="Terry Teachout">Teachout, Terry</a> (January 19, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1992/01/19/the-fabulous-gershwin-boys/5feacc85-1711-4bb4-8e25-1f00a1436343/">"The Fabulous Gershwin Boys"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved November 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Fabulous+Gershwin+Boys&rft.date=1992-01-19&rft.aulast=Teachout&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2F1992%2F01%2F19%2Fthe-fabulous-gershwin-boys%2F5feacc85-1711-4bb4-8e25-1f00a1436343%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGershwin_Initiative2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.music.umich.edu/ami/gershwin/">"The Gershwin Initiative"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_School_of_Music,_Theatre_%26_Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance">University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance</a>. 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gershwin+Initiative&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+School+of+Music%2C+Theatre+%26+Dance&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.music.umich.edu%2Fami%2Fgershwin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestphal2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Westphal, Matthew (November 3, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playbill.com/article/michel-camilo-and-barcelona-symphony-win-classical-latin-grammy-for-rhapsody-in-blue">"Michel Camilo and Barcelona Symphony Win Classical Latin Grammy for Rhapsody in Blue"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a>. Retrieved November 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Michel+Camilo+and+Barcelona+Symphony+Win+Classical+Latin+Grammy+for+Rhapsody+in+Blue&rft.date=2006-11-03&rft.aulast=Westphal&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Farticle%2Fmichel-camilo-and-barcelona-symphony-win-classical-latin-grammy-for-rhapsody-in-blue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhapsody+in+Blue" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhapsody_in_Blue&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rhapsody_in_Blue_(Gershwin)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rhapsody in Blue (Gershwin)">Rhapsody in Blue (Gershwin)</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue_(Gershwin,_George)" class="extiw" title="scores:Rhapsody in Blue (Gershwin, George)">Rhapsody in Blue</a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ce3OERuCY0E">Rhapsody in Blue: Yuja Wang Performance 2016 (video; 16:01)</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/muslcdb.muslcdb-100261/?st=gallery">Gershwin's Original Manuscript for Rhapsody in Blue</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:George_Gershwin" title="Template:George Gershwin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Gershwin" title="Template talk:George Gershwin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Gershwin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Gershwin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Gershwin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Plays_Gershwin:_The_Piano_Rolls" title="Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls">Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(ballet)" title="An American in Paris (ballet)">An American in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Piano_Concerto" title="Gershwin Piano Concerto">Gershwin Piano Concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Preludes_(ballet)" title="Three Preludes (ballet)">Three Preludes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_Cares%3F_(ballet)" title="Who Cares? (ballet)">Who Cares?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Monday_(opera)" title="Blue Monday (opera)">Blue Monday</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a> (1935)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhapsody in Blue</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_in_F_(Gershwin)" title="Concerto in F (Gershwin)">Concerto in F</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_American_in_Paris" title="An American in Paris">An American in Paris</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rhapsody" title="Second Rhapsody">Second Rhapsody</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Overture" title="Cuban Overture">Cuban Overture</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_Up_the_Band_(song)" title="Strike Up the Band (song)">Strike Up the Band</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoctor%27s_Ballet" title="Hoctor's Ballet">Hoctor's Ballet</a> (1937)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Preludes_(Gershwin)" title="Three Preludes (Gershwin)">Three Preludes</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Ballet_Class_(Gershwin)" title="French Ballet Class (Gershwin)">French Ballet Class</a> (1937)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Aren%27t_You_Kind_of_Glad_We_Did%3F" title="Aren't You Kind of Glad We Did?">Aren't You Kind of Glad We Did?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I%27ve_Got)_Beginner%27s_Luck" title="(I've Got) Beginner's Luck">(I've Got) Beginner's Luck</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bidin%27_My_Time" title="Bidin' My Time">Bidin' My Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blah_Blah_Blah_(Gershwin_song)" title="Blah Blah Blah (Gershwin song)">Blah Blah Blah</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boy_Wanted" title="Boy Wanted">Boy Wanted</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boy!_What_Love_Has_Done_to_Me!" title="Boy! What Love Has Done to Me!">Boy! What Love Has Done to Me!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/But_Not_for_Me_(song)" title="But Not for Me (song)">But Not for Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/By_Strauss" title="By Strauss">By Strauss</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Clap_Yo%27_Hands" title="Clap Yo' Hands">Clap Yo' Hands</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_It_Again_(George_Gershwin_and_Buddy_DeSylva_song)" title="Do It Again (George Gershwin and Buddy DeSylva song)">Do It Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Doin%27_Time" title="Doin' Time">Doin' Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Embraceable_You" title="Embraceable You">Embraceable You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fascinating_Rhythm" title="Fascinating Rhythm">Fascinating Rhythm</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Foggy_Day" title="A Foggy Day">A Foggy Day</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_You,_For_Me,_For_Evermore" title="For You, For Me, For Evermore">For You, For Me, For Evermore</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Funny_Face_(1927_song)" title="Funny Face (1927 song)">Funny Face</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/%27The_Half_of_It,_Dearie%27_Blues" title="'The Half of It, Dearie' Blues">'The Half of It, Dearie' Blues</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/He_Loves_and_She_Loves" title="He Loves and She Loves">He Loves and She Loves</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Long_Has_This_Been_Going_On%3F" title="How Long Has This Been Going On?">How Long Has This Been Going On?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Be_Bothered_Now" title="I Can't Be Bothered Now">I Can't Be Bothered Now</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Got_Rhythm" title="I Got Rhythm">I Got Rhythm</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Was_Doing_All_Right" title="I Was Doing All Right">I Was Doing All Right</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Got_a_Crush_on_You" title="I've Got a Crush on You">I've Got a Crush on You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Isn%27t_It_a_Pity%3F" title="Isn't It a Pity?">Isn't It a Pity?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_Another_Rhumba" title="Just Another Rhumba">Just Another Rhumba</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Call_the_Whole_Thing_Off" title="Let's Call the Whole Thing Off">Let's Call the Whole Thing Off</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Funny_Face_(musical)" title="Funny Face (musical)">Let's Kiss and Make Up</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Liza_(All_the_Clouds%27ll_Roll_Away)" title="Liza (All the Clouds'll Roll Away)">Liza (All the Clouds'll Roll Away)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Looking_for_a_Boy" title="Looking for a Boy">Looking for a Boy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lorelei_(George_Gershwin_song)" title="Lorelei (George Gershwin song)">Lorelei</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Is_Here_to_Stay" title="Love Is Here to Stay">Love Is Here to Stay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Is_Sweeping_the_Country" title="Love Is Sweeping the Country">Love Is Sweeping the Country</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Walked_In" title="Love Walked In">Love Walked In</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Man_I_Love_(song)" title="The Man I Love (song)">The Man I Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Cousin_in_Milwaukee" title="My Cousin in Milwaukee">My Cousin in Milwaukee</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_One_and_Only_(1927_song)" title="My One and Only (1927 song)">My One and Only</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nice_Work_If_You_Can_Get_It_(song)" title="Nice Work If You Can Get It (song)">Nice Work If You Can Get It</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_(song)" title="Of Thee I Sing (song)">Of Thee I Sing</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh,_Lady_Be_Good!" title="Oh, Lady Be Good!">Oh, Lady Be Good!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh,_So_Nice!" title="Oh, So Nice!">Oh, So Nice!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Real_American_Folk_Song_(is_a_Rag)" title="The Real American Folk Song (is a Rag)">The Real American Folk Song (is a Rag)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/%27S_Wonderful" title="'S Wonderful">'S Wonderful</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sam_and_Delilah" title="Sam and Delilah">Sam and Delilah</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slap_That_Bass" title="Slap That Bass">Slap That Bass</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somebody_from_Somewhere" title="Somebody from Somewhere">Somebody from Somewhere</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somebody_Loves_Me" title="Somebody Loves Me">Somebody Loves Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Someone_to_Watch_Over_Me_(song)" title="Someone to Watch Over Me (song)">Someone to Watch Over Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soon_(1927_song)" title="Soon (1927 song)">Soon</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stairway_to_Paradise" title="Stairway to Paradise">Stairway to Paradise</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stiff_Upper_Lip_(Gershwin_song)" title="Stiff Upper Lip (Gershwin song)">Stiff Upper Lip</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strike_Up_the_Band_(song)" title="Strike Up the Band (song)">Strike Up the Band</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Summertime_(George_Gershwin_song)" title="Summertime (George Gershwin song)">Summertime</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Swanee_(song)" title="Swanee (song)">Swanee</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That_Certain_Feeling" title="That Certain Feeling">That Certain Feeling</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/They_All_Laughed_(song)" title="They All Laughed (song)">They All Laughed</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/They_Can%27t_Take_That_Away_from_Me" title="They Can't Take That Away from Me">They Can't Take That Away from Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Damsel_in_Distress_(1937_film)#Music" title="A Damsel in Distress (1937 film)">Things Are Looking Up</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tra-la-la" title="Tra-la-la">Tra-la-la</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Treat_Me_Rough" title="Treat Me Rough">Treat Me Rough</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Walking_the_Dog_(Gershwin)" title="Walking the Dog (Gershwin)">Walking the Dog</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who_Cares%3F_(Gershwin_song)" title="Who Cares? (Gershwin song)">Who Cares?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ve_Got_What_Gets_Me" title="You've Got What Gets Me">You've Got What Gets Me</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribute albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson_Reimagines_Gershwin" title="Brian Wilson Reimagines Gershwin">Brian Wilson Reimagines Gershwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By_George_(album)" title="By George (album)">By George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald_Sings_the_George_and_Ira_Gershwin_Song_Book" title="Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Song Book">Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Song Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Sings_Gershwin" title="Ella Sings Gershwin">Ella Sings Gershwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Live!" title="Gershwin Live!">Gershwin Live!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershwin%27s_World" title="Gershwin's World">Gershwin's World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glory_of_Gershwin" title="The Glory of Gershwin">The Glory of Gershwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira,_George_and_Joe" title="Ira, George and Joe">Ira, George and Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_Work_If_You_Can_Get_It_(album)" title="Nice Work If You Can Get It (album)">Nice Work If You Can Get It</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson_Plays_the_George_Gershwin_Songbook" title="Oscar Peterson Plays the George Gershwin Songbook">Oscar Peterson Plays the George Gershwin Songbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_%2B_Rhapsody:_The_Gershwin_Groove" title="Red Hot + Rhapsody: The Gershwin Groove">Red Hot + Rhapsody: The Gershwin Groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney_Sings_the_Lyrics_of_Ira_Gershwin" title="Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin">Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Prize" title="Gershwin Prize">Gershwin Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gershwin" title="Arthur Gershwin">Arthur Gershwin</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Gershwin" title="Frances Gershwin">Frances Gershwin</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Theatre" title="Gershwin Theatre">Gershwin Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_George_Gershwin" title="List of compositions by George Gershwin">List of compositions by George Gershwin</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_Gershwin" title="Category:George Gershwin">Category:George Gershwin</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fantasia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney%27s_Fantasia" title="Template:Disney's Fantasia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disney%27s_Fantasia" title="Template talk:Disney's Fantasia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disney%27s_Fantasia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disney's Fantasia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fantasia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(franchise)" title="Fantasia (franchise)">Fantasia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_2000" title="Fantasia 2000">Fantasia 2000</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_2000_(soundtrack)" title="Fantasia 2000 (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conductors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> (Fantasia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Kostal" title="Irwin Kostal">Irwin Kostal</a> (1982 digital re-recording)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a> (Fantasia 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a> (Fantasia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a> (Fantasia 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Segments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fantasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toccata_and_Fugue_in_D_minor,_BWV_565" title="Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565">Toccata and Fugue in D minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker" title="The Nutcracker">The Nutcracker Suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer%27s_Apprentice_(Dukas)" title="The Sorcerer's Apprentice (Dukas)">The Sorcerer's Apprentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)">Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_the_Hours" title="Dance of the Hours">Dance of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_on_Bald_Mountain" title="Night on Bald Mountain">Night on Bald Mountain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ave_Maria_(Schubert)" title="Ave Maria (Schubert)">Ave Maria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fantasia 2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)">Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pines_of_Rome" title="Pines of Rome">Pines of Rome</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhapsody in Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)" title="Piano Concerto No. 2 (Shostakovich)">Piano Concerto No. 2 (Shostakovich)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Carnival_of_the_Animals" title="The Carnival of the Animals">The Carnival of the Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer%27s_Apprentice_(Dukas)" title="The Sorcerer's Apprentice (Dukas)">The Sorcerer's Apprentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomp_and_Circumstance_Marches" title="Pomp and Circumstance Marches">Pomp and Circumstance Marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird Suite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fantasia_(franchise)_characters" title="List of Fantasia (franchise) characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Duck" title="Donald Duck">Donald Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Duck" title="Daisy Duck">Daisy Duck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sorcerer%27s_Apprentice_(Atari_2600)" title="Sorcerer's Apprentice (Atari 2600)">Sorcerer's Apprentice</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(video_game)" title="Fantasia (video game)">Fantasia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia:_Music_Evolved" title="Fantasia: Music Evolved">Fantasia: Music Evolved</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Related" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_3D:_Dream_Drop_Distance" title="Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance">Dream Drop Distance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Mickey" title="Epic Mickey">Epic Mickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Magical_World" title="Disney Magical World">Disney Magical World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Infinity_(video_game)" title="Disney Infinity (video game)">Disney Infinity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Corny_Concerto" title="A Corny Concerto">A Corny Concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumbasia" title="Gumbasia">Gumbasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_Non_Troppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegro Non Troppo">Allegro Non Troppo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasmic!" title="Fantasmic!">Fantasmic!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcerer%27s_Hat" title="Sorcerer's Hat">Sorcerer's Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey%27s_PhilharMagic" title="Mickey's PhilharMagic">Mickey's PhilharMagic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_Gardens" title="Fantasia Gardens">Fantasia Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasound" title="Fantasound">Fantasound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destino" title="Destino">Destino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_(film)" title="Lorenzo (film)">Lorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_by_One_(2004_film)" title="One by One (2004 film)">One by One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Matchgirl_(2006_film)" title="The Little Matchgirl (2006 film)">The Little Matchgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer%27s_Apprentice_(2010_film)" title="The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010 film)">The Sorcerer's Apprentice</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Studio" title="Once Upon a Studio">Once Upon a Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(TV_series)" title="Once Upon a Time (TV series)">Once Upon a Time</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(season_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="Once Upon a Time (season 4)">season 4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Pieces" title="Ten Pieces">Ten Pieces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deems_Taylor" title="Deems Taylor">Deems Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasia_(franchise)" title="Category:Fantasia (franchise)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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