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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Brook_of_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Brook_of_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>The Brook of Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Brook_of_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_Arab_Conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_Arab_Conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>After the Arab Conquest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_Arab_Conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_war_and_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_war_and_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Modern war and conflict</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_war_and_conflict-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern war and conflict subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_war_and_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_Wars_I_and_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Wars_I_and_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>World Wars I and II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Wars_I_and_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_conquest_1948_to_1967" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_conquest_1948_to_1967"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Israeli conquest 1948 to 1967</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_conquest_1948_to_1967-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-El_Arish_massacre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_Arish_massacre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>El Arish massacre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_Arish_massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISIS_in_the_Sinai_Peninsula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISIS_in_the_Sinai_Peninsula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>ISIS in the Sinai Peninsula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISIS_in_the_Sinai_Peninsula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Graves</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Graves-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Graves subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Graves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australian_graves_from_WWI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_graves_from_WWI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Australian graves from WWI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_graves_from_WWI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_graves_from_1967" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_graves_from_1967"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Mass graves from 1967</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_graves_from_1967-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arish</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="العريش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العريش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="عریش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عریش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Ариш – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ариш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Arix" title="Al-Arix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Al-Arix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arish" title="Arish – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Arish" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%AD%C5%A1" title="Aríš – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aríš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Arish" title="Al-Arish – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Al-Arish" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Arisch" title="Al-Arisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Al-Arisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-%E2%80%98Ar%C4%ABsh" title="Al-‘Arīsh – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Al-‘Arīsh" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82" title="Αρίς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρίς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Arish" title="El Arish – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El Arish" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ari%C5%9Do" title="El Ariŝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="El Ariŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="عریش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عریش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Arich" title="El-Arich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="El-Arich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Arish" title="Al-Arish – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Al-Arish" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8B%9C" title="아리시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아리시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6" title="अरीश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अरीश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arish" title="Arish – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arish" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arish,_Gibhithe" title="Arish, Gibhithe – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Arish, Gibhithe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Arish" title="Al-Arish – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Al-Arish" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9" title="אל-עריש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אל-עריש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_%27Arish" title="Al 'Arish – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Al 'Arish" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="ელ-არიში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელ-არიში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Эль-Ариш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эль-Ариш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arish" title="Arish – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Arish" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ari%C5%A1as" title="Arišas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arišas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Ar%C3%ADs" title="El-Arís – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="El-Arís" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arish" title="Arish – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Arish" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="العريش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="العريش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arish" title="Arish – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arish" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Arish" title="El Arish – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="El Arish" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="アリーシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アリーシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Arish" title="Al-Arish – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Al-Arish" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Arisz" title="Al-Arisz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Al-Arisz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarixe" title="Alarixe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alarixe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Эль-Ариш – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эль-Ариш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arish" title="Arish – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Arish" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arishi" title="Arishi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arishi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Ариш (град) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ариш (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ari%C5%A1_(grad)" title="Ariš (grad) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ariš (grad)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arish" title="Arish – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arish" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Arish" title="Al-Arish – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Al-Arish" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Ari%C5%9F" title="El-Ariş – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="El-Ariş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88" title="Ель-Аріш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ель-Аріш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="عریش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عریش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arish" title="Arish – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arish" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9" title="על אריש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="על אריש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%80" title="阿里什 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿里什" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q238452#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arish&params=31.132072_N_33.803376_E_region:EG_type:city(199243)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°07′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">33°48′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.132072°N 33.803376°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.132072; 33.803376</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Arish&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Arish">Al-Arish</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Sinai, Egypt</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in North Sinai, Egypt</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">El-Arish</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">العريش</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Egypt" title="List of cities and towns in Egypt">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beach in the city of Arish"><img alt="Beach in the city of Arish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4.jpg/275px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4.jpg/413px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4.jpg/550px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="294" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Beach in the city of Arish</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Sinai_Flag_(Old).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of El-Arish"><img alt="Flag of El-Arish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/North_Sinai_Flag_%28Old%29.svg/100px-North_Sinai_Flag_%28Old%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/North_Sinai_Flag_%28Old%29.svg/150px-North_Sinai_Flag_%28Old%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/North_Sinai_Flag_%28Old%29.svg/200px-North_Sinai_Flag_%28Old%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="276" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_North_Sinai_Governorate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of El-Arish"><img alt="Official seal of El-Arish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Emblem_North_Sinai_Governorate.jpg/60px-Emblem_North_Sinai_Governorate.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Emblem_North_Sinai_Governorate.jpg/90px-Emblem_North_Sinai_Governorate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Emblem_North_Sinai_Governorate.jpg/120px-Emblem_North_Sinai_Governorate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinai_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="El-Arish is located in Sinai"><img alt="El-Arish is located in Sinai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sinai_relief_location_map.svg/250px-Sinai_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="417" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sinai_relief_location_map.svg/375px-Sinai_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sinai_relief_location_map.svg/500px-Sinai_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1766" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.208%;left:54.948%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="El-Arish"><img alt="El-Arish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div>El-Arish</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the Sinai Peninsula</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Sinai</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="El-Arish is located in Egypt"><img alt="El-Arish is located in Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="973" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.962%;left:73.308%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="El-Arish"><img alt="El-Arish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div>El-Arish</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Egypt</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Egypt</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arish&params=31.132072_N_33.803376_E_region:EG_type:city(199243)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°07′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">33°48′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.132072°N 33.803376°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.132072; 33.803376</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of Egypt">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/North_Sinai_%28New_Flag%29.svg/23px-North_Sinai_%28New_Flag%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/North_Sinai_%28New_Flag%29.svg/35px-North_Sinai_%28New_Flag%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/North_Sinai_%28New_Flag%29.svg/45px-North_Sinai_%28New_Flag%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="278" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Sinai_Governorate" title="North Sinai Governorate">North Sinai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">308 km<sup>2</sup> (119 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">32 m (105 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">199,243</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">650/km<sup>2</sup> (1,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(+20) 68</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the town in Australia, see <a href="/wiki/El_Arish,_Queensland" title="El Arish, Queensland">El Arish, Queensland</a>. For the village in Iran, see <a href="/wiki/Arish,_Iran" title="Arish, Iran">Arish, Iran</a>.</div> <p><b>ʻArish</b> or <b>el-ʻArīsh</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">العريش</span> <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-ʿArīš </i></span></i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Egyptian Arabic pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="arz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">[elʕæˈɾiːʃ]</a></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and largest city (with 164,830 inhabitants as of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) of the <a href="/wiki/North_Sinai_Governorate" title="North Sinai Governorate">North Sinai Governorate</a> of Egypt, as well as the largest city on the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>, lying on the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> coast 344 kilometres (214 mi) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> and 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_border" title="Egypt–Gaza border">Egypt–Gaza border</a>. </p><p>In Antiquity and Early Middle Ages the city was known as <b><a href="/wiki/Rhinocorura" title="Rhinocorura">Rinokoroura</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ῥινοκόρουρα</span>, <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a>: <span lang="cop">ϩⲣⲓⲛⲟⲕⲟⲣⲟⲩⲣⲁ</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ʻArīsh is located at the mouth of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_el-%CA%BBAr%C4%ABsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi el-ʻArīsh (page does not exist)">Wadi el-ʻArīsh</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88_(%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8)" class="extiw" title="ru:Эль-Ариш (вади)">ru</a>]</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_El_Arish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi El Arish (page does not exist)">Wadi El Arish</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9" class="extiw" title="he:ואדי אל-עריש">he</a>]</span>), a 250 kilometres (160 mi) long <a href="/wiki/Intermittent_river" title="Intermittent river">ephemeral</a> watercourse. The <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Protectorates" title="Egyptian Protectorates">Azzaraniq Protectorate</a> is on the eastern side of ʻArīsh.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several hypothetical possibilities for the origin of the modern name of the city, which is first mentioned under it in the 9th century. One possibility is that the name might be an Arab phonetic transcription of a pre-existing toponym. However, there is no name that fully qualifies as such, apart from the Ariza (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Αριζα</span>) of <a href="/wiki/Hierocles_(author_of_Synecdemus)" title="Hierocles (author of Synecdemus)">Hierokles</a>, which is difficult to interpret. </p><p>Another possibility is that the name el-Arish was given to a city that already existed in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> period. However, no Arab source mentions such a change of name for any city in the region, and there is no plausible explanation for this change. </p><p>A third possibility is that the name el-Arish was created when a new settlement of some "huts" (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عرش</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʕarš</i></span>) was established in the <a href="/wiki/7th_century" title="7th century">7th</a> or <a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th century</a>. It is possible that the city of Rinokoloura fell into ruins in the first half of the 7th century, and a new community arose that the new inhabitants started to call el-Arish, after their poor living conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>M. Ignace de Rossi derived the Arabic name from the Egyptian [ϫⲟⲣϣⲁ(ⲓ)] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Langx}}: invalid parameter: |transliteration= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>, an analogue of Greek Rinocorura.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Coptic-Arabic colophon dating to <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a> mentions the writer "Solomon of Shorpo, son of Michael, from the city of Mohonon" (ⲥⲱⲗⲟⲙⲟⲛ ⲛϣⲱⲣⲡⲟ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲙⲟϩⲟⲛⲟⲛ); in the Arabic version, the writer is identified as being "of el-Arish".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Timm raises the possibility that <i>Shorpo</i> (<a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a>: <span lang="cop">ϣⲱⲣⲡⲟ</span>) may be another name for el-Arish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arish is in the northern Sinai, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Border_Crossing" title="Rafah Border Crossing">Rafah Border Crossing</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Sinai is targeted by Egyptian government planners to divert population growth from the high-density <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a>. It is proposed that by completing infrastructure, transportation and irrigation projects, three million Egyptians may be settled in North Sinai.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arish is the closest city to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Bardawil" title="Lake Bardawil">Lake Bardawil</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> is <a href="/wiki/Hot_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desert climate">hot desert</a> (BWh), although prevailing <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> winds moderate its temperatures, typical to the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_coast_of_Egypt" title="Northern coast of Egypt">northern coast of Egypt</a>. </p><p>The highest record temperature was 45 °C (113 °F), recorded on May 29, 2003, while the lowest record temperature was −6 °C (21 °F), recorded on January 8, 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Voodoo_Skies_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voodoo_Skies-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Arish </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.0<br />(105.8) </td> <td style="background: #D90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(111.6) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.0<br />(113.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">45.0<br />(113.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">106<br />(4.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Climate Charts<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arish_(997009157555005171.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arish_%28997009157555005171.jpg/220px-Arish_%28997009157555005171.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arish_%28997009157555005171.jpg/330px-Arish_%28997009157555005171.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arish_%28997009157555005171.jpg/440px-Arish_%28997009157555005171.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2648" data-file-height="2675" /></a><figcaption>A street in el-Arish in 1954</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is served by <a href="/wiki/El_Arish_International_Airport" title="El Arish International Airport">el Arish International Airport</a>. The Northern Coastal Highway runs from <a href="/wiki/El_Qantara,_Egypt" title="El Qantara, Egypt">el-Qantarah</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> through Arish to the <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Egypt_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza–Egypt border">Gaza border crossing</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a>. The railway line from Cairo is under re-construction with formation works completed only as far as <a href="/wiki/Bir_al-Abed" class="mw-redirect" title="Bir al-Abed">Bir al-Abed</a>, west of Arish.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The route was formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Railways" title="Palestine Railways">Palestine Railways</a> built during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> to connect Egypt with Turkey. The railway was cut during the formation of Israel. <sup id="cite_ref-hegazy_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hegazy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is the site of a deep-water seaport capable of serving ships up to 30,000 tonnes, the only such port on the Sinai Peninsula. Its major exports are cement, sand, salt and marble.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sinai White Cement Company plant is located 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> describes a city named <i>Ienysos</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ιηνυσος</span>) located between <a href="/wiki/Lake_Bardawil" title="Lake Bardawil">Lake Serbonis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Kadytis</a>. It is possible that Ienysos is the predecessor of Rinokoloura, but there is no clear evidence to support this identification.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The foundation of the city is closely linked to the etymology of its name. The explanation given by the classic authors is that it comes from a compound of "nose" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ῥίς</span>) and "curtail, cut short" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">κολούω</span>). </p><p>Thus modern scholars, following the version given by <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, believe that in the 4th century BC, a <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> king, believed to be either <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_II" title="Artaxerxes II">Artaxerxes II</a> or <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a>, conducted a campaign in <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> where he punished people, possibly a tribe, by mutilating their noses. As a result, the places where these people came from or relocated to were given new names that reflected their disfigurement. While the Greek name Rinokoloura may have existed from the outset, it is possible that it was a translation of a name with the same meaning in another language. </p><p>When the city became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Empire</a>, an Egyptian tradition emerged that may have transformed the Persian king into an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Ethiopia">Ethiopian</a> king named <a href="/wiki/Actisanes" title="Actisanes">Actisanes</a>. First mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus</a>, who based his information on the Aegyptiaca of <a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Abdera" title="Hecataeus of Abdera">Hecataeus of Abdera</a>, written in the <a href="/wiki/4th_century_BC" title="4th century BC">4th century BC</a>, Actisanes conquered Egypt during the reign of king Amasis. He governed Egypt with justice and benevolence, and instead of executing convicted criminals, he had their noses cut off and relocated them to a city at the desert's edge, near the border between Egypt and Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Egypt</a>, Rinocoroura was considered the last city of Egypt, on the border with <a href="/wiki/Coele-Syria" title="Coele-Syria">Coele-Syria</a>. </p><p>During the second invasion of <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV</a> in the spring of <a href="/wiki/168_BC" title="168 BC">168 BCE</a>, an embassy of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI</a> met him near Rinokoloura, which in about <a href="/wiki/79_BC" title="79 BC">79 BCE</a> came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Judaean Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a>, while in <a href="/wiki/40_BC" title="40 BC">40 BCE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod I</a> sought refuge in Rinokoloura on his way to <a href="/wiki/Pelusium" title="Pelusium">Pelusium</a>, where he received news of his brother's death. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri" title="Oxyrhynchus Papyri">Oxyrhynchus papyrus</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="which one? (February 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> traditionally referred to as 'an invocation of Isis' or 'a Greek Isis litany,' is believed to have been transcribed during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>, but its composition dates back to the late <a href="/wiki/1st_century" title="1st century">1st century</a>. This text contains numerous invocations of <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> and mentions Rinokoloura, where she is called 'all-seeing' (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">παντόπτιν</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of funerary <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">steles</a> with a repeated consolation formula "nobody is immortal" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ούδείς άθάνατος</span>) were found in and around the city. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_floor_mosaic_map_at_St._George_Church_Madaba_P1090119.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Byzantine_floor_mosaic_map_at_St._George_Church_Madaba_P1090119.JPG/220px-Byzantine_floor_mosaic_map_at_St._George_Church_Madaba_P1090119.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Byzantine_floor_mosaic_map_at_St._George_Church_Madaba_P1090119.JPG/330px-Byzantine_floor_mosaic_map_at_St._George_Church_Madaba_P1090119.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Byzantine_floor_mosaic_map_at_St._George_Church_Madaba_P1090119.JPG/440px-Byzantine_floor_mosaic_map_at_St._George_Church_Madaba_P1090119.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Rinocoroura on the <a href="/wiki/Madaba_Map" title="Madaba Map">Madaba Map</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest reliable Christian reference to Rinokoloura can be found in <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius's</a> <i>Epistula ad Serapionem</i>, in which Salomon was appointed as bishop of Rinokoloura, possibly in 339 AD. <a href="/wiki/Sozomen" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a> also refers to Rinokoloura in the mid-5th century AD, stating that the city was a center of scholarship, with a meditation school (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">φροντιστήριον</span>) located in the desert north of the city, a church illuminated by oil lamps, and an episcopal dwelling where the entire clergy of the city resided and dined together.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hieronymus reported that in the early 5th century the inhabitants of Rinokoloura and other nearby cities spoke <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syrian</a>. However, as most of the epitaphs discovered in the area are written in Greek, and one is in Coptic, it is unclear which segment of the population Hieronymus was referring to.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/John_of_Niki%C3%BB" title="John of Nikiû">John of Nikiu</a>, in 610 AD the army of general Bonosos passed through Rinocoroura (mentioned under the corrupted name Bikuran) on its way to <a href="/wiki/Athribis" title="Athribis">Athribis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Brook_of_Egypt">The Brook of Egypt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Brook of Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The story of <a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Jerusalem" title="Hesychius of Jerusalem">Hesychios of Jerusalem</a> reveals the existence of a wadi near Rinokoloura. In one instance, the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> (Isaiah 27:12)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> translates 'the <a href="/wiki/Brook_of_Egypt" title="Brook of Egypt">brook of Egypt</a>,' which designates the southern border of Israel, as Rinokoloura, suggesting that the translators were perhaps aware of a similar 'brook' in the vicinity of the city. However, it appears that the association between Rinokoloura and the 'brook of Egypt' may be due more to the contemporary political border between Egypt and Syria, which had shifted further southward since the 8th century AD. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_Arab_Conquest">After the Arab Conquest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: After the Arab Conquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, pilgrims misidentified the site as the <a href="/wiki/Sukkot_(place)" title="Sukkot (place)">Sukkot</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New fortifications were constructed at the original site by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1560. During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the French laid siege to the fort, which fell after 11 days on February 19, 1799. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_a_Jewish_state" title="Proposals for a Jewish state">proposed ʻArīsh as a Jewish homeland</a> since neither Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a> nor Kaiser <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">Wilhelm II</a> supported settlement in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine#Ottoman_period" title="History of Palestine">Palestine</a>. In 1903, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a>, the British colonial secretary, agreed to consider ʻArīsh, and Herzl commissioned the lawyer <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> a charter draft, but his application was turned down once an expedition, led by <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Kessler_(Zionist)" title="Leopold Kessler (Zionist)">Leopold Kessler</a> had returned and submitted a detailed report to Herzl, which outlined a proposal to divert some of the Nile waters to the area for the purpose of settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-Jerusalem_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the fort was destroyed by British bombers. It was later the location of the 45th Stationary Hospital which treated casualties of the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Palestine campaign</a>. The remains of those who died there were later moved to <a href="/wiki/El_Qantara,_Egypt" title="El Qantara, Egypt">Kantara</a> Cemetery. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElArish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/ElArish.jpg/220px-ElArish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/ElArish.jpg/330px-ElArish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/ElArish.jpg/440px-ElArish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Arish in 1916</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Staff_of_von_Kressenstein_at_El_Arish,_1916.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Staff_of_von_Kressenstein_at_El_Arish%2C_1916.JPG/220px-Staff_of_von_Kressenstein_at_El_Arish%2C_1916.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Staff_of_von_Kressenstein_at_El_Arish%2C_1916.JPG/330px-Staff_of_von_Kressenstein_at_El_Arish%2C_1916.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Staff_of_von_Kressenstein_at_El_Arish%2C_1916.JPG/440px-Staff_of_von_Kressenstein_at_El_Arish%2C_1916.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Staff of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Freiherr_Kress_von_Kressenstein" title="Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein">Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein</a> at el-ʻArīsh, 1916</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_war_and_conflict">Modern war and conflict</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern war and conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:13pdr6cwtAAgunsElArishWWI.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/13pdr6cwtAAgunsElArishWWI.jpeg/225px-13pdr6cwtAAgunsElArishWWI.jpeg" decoding="async" width="225" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/13pdr6cwtAAgunsElArishWWI.jpeg/338px-13pdr6cwtAAgunsElArishWWI.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/13pdr6cwtAAgunsElArishWWI.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>Anti-aircraft guns of an Australian Light Horse regiment near the beach at 'Arish, during World War I.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Arish_airfield.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/El_Arish_airfield.jpg/220px-El_Arish_airfield.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/El_Arish_airfield.jpg/330px-El_Arish_airfield.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/El_Arish_airfield.jpg/440px-El_Arish_airfield.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Harel_Brigade" title="Harel Brigade">Harel Brigade</a> at 'Arish airfield, during the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Wars_I_and_II">World Wars I and II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: World Wars I and II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1916, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anzac_Mounted_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Anzac Mounted Division">Anzac Mounted Division</a> and other British Empire units <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magdhaba#Advance_to_El_Arish" title="Battle of Magdhaba">captured the 'Arish area</a> from Ottoman forces. In Australia, the town of <a href="/wiki/El_Arish,_Queensland" title="El Arish, Queensland">El Arish, Queensland</a> was named in memory of this action. </p><p>El-ʻArīsh Military Cemetery, designed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lorimer" title="Robert Lorimer">Robert Lorimer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was built in 1919 for Commonwealth personnel who died during World War I. It is one of several commonwealth war cemeteries in the region, including <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_Cemetery" title="Gaza War Cemetery">two</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> airfield,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2024)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup> known as RAF El Arish, was a base for air sea rescue and other operations, during World War II. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_conquest_1948_to_1967">Israeli conquest 1948 to 1967</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Israeli conquest 1948 to 1967"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ʻArīsh was briefly controlled by Israeli forces, during both the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a> and the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Suez_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Suez War">Suez War</a>. On December 8, 1958, there was an air battle between Egyptian and Israeli air forces over ʻArīsh.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/1967_Arab-Israeli_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 Arab-Israeli War">1967 Arab-Israeli War</a>, 'Arish was under Israeli occupation; it was returned to Egypt in 1979 after the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="El_Arish_massacre">El Arish massacre</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: El Arish massacre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_El_Arish_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 El Arish massacre (page does not exist)">1967 El Arish massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ras_Sedr_massacre" title="Ras Sedr massacre">Ras Sedr massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_graves" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass graves">Mass graves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Six_Day_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Day War">Six Day War</a></div> <p>In 1967 there was a massacre of Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Third_Geneva_Convention" title="Third Geneva Convention">prisoners</a> <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Prisoners_of_War" title="Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War">of war</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defense Forces">Israeli Defense Forces</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Six_Day_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Day War">Six Day War</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Organization_for_Human_Rights" title="Egyptian Organization for Human Rights">Egyptian Organization for Human Rights</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defense Forces">Israeli Defense Forces</a> massacred "hundreds” of Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Third_Geneva_Convention" title="Third Geneva Convention">prisoners of war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_the_Wounded_and_Sick_(1929)" title="Geneva Convention on the Wounded and Sick (1929)">wounded soldiers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai peninsula">Sinai peninsula</a>, on 8 June 1967. Survivors alleged that approximately 400 wounded Egyptians were <a href="/wiki/Buried_alive" class="mw-redirect" title="Buried alive">buried alive</a> outside the captured <a href="/wiki/El_Arish_International_Airport" title="El Arish International Airport">El Arish International Airport</a>, and that 150 prisoners in the mountains of the Sinai were run over by Israeli tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some speculate that this might have been the notice for the attacks on the <a href="/wiki/USS_Liberty" title="USS Liberty">USS Liberty</a>, which was passing close to Arish when it was attacked.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conservative Israeli media and the <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>-based pro-Israel media advocacy organization "<a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Accuracy_in_Middle_East_Reporting_in_America" title="Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America">CAMERA</a>" deny that there was a "massacre".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995 two mass graves from 1967 were found near Arish, see <a href="#War_graves">below</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISIS_in_the_Sinai_Peninsula">ISIS in the Sinai Peninsula</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: ISIS in the Sinai Peninsula"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 24 November 2017, in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Sinai_mosque_attack" title="2017 Sinai mosque attack">Sinai mosque attack</a>, 305 people were killed in a bomb and gun attack at the mosque in <a href="/wiki/Al-Rawda,_North_Sinai" title="Al-Rawda, North Sinai">al-Rawda</a>, 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of ʻArīsh.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 February 2021 six locals were killed by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> terrorists.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Graves">Graves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Graves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_graves_from_WWI">Australian graves from WWI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Australian graves from WWI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/ANZAC" class="mw-redirect" title="ANZAC">ANZAC</a></div> <p>There are some Australian war graves from WWI.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_graves_from_1967">Mass graves from 1967</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Mass graves from 1967"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Third_Geneva_Convention" title="Third Geneva Convention">Third Geneva Convention</a></div> <p>In 1995 two mass graves were found near Arish.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An expedition was sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahram" title="Al-Ahram">al-Ahram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>'s government-run newspaper found mass graves of Egyptian <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POWs</a> from 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/48px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/64px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egypt" title="Portal:Egypt">Egypt portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Egypt" title="List of cities and towns in Egypt">List of cities and towns in Egypt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arish&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citypopulation.de/en/egypt/cities/?cityid=561">"Egypt: Governorates, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"</a>. <i>citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Egypt%3A+Governorates%2C+Major+Cities+%26+Towns+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Maps%2C+Charts%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fegypt%2Fcities%2F%3Fcityid%3D561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2052">"TM Places"</a>. <i>www.trismegistos.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.trismegistos.org&rft.atitle=TM+Places&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trismegistos.org%2Fplace%2F2052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/34362/Al-Arish">Arish</a></span>. Britannica.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerreth2006" class="citation book cs1">Verreth, Herbert (2006). <i>The northern Sinai from the 7th century BC till the 7th century AD. A guide to the sources</i>. Vol. 1. Leuven. pp. 322–325.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+northern+Sinai+from+the+7th+century+BC+till+the+7th+century+AD.+A+guide+to+the+sources&rft.pages=322-325&rft.pub=Leuven&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Verreth&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossii1808" class="citation book cs1">Rossii, Ignatii (1808). <i>Etymologiae Aegyptiacae</i>. Rome. pp. 16–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymologiae+Aegyptiacae&rft.place=Rome&rft.pages=16-17&rft.date=1808&rft.aulast=Rossii&rft.aufirst=Ignatii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebbelynck1937" class="citation book cs1">Hebbelynck, Adolphe (1937). <i>Codices Coptici Vaticani</i>. Vatican: Vatican Library. p. 92.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Codices+Coptici+Vaticani&rft.place=Vatican&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Vatican+Library&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Hebbelynck&rft.aufirst=Adolphe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?xfile=data/middleeast/2012/May/middleeast_May132.xml&section=middleeast">Palestinian airline resumes flights</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140307141015/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?xfile=data%2Fmiddleeast%2F2012%2FMay%2Fmiddleeast_May132.xml&section=middleeast">Archived</a> 2014-03-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a></i> with the <i><a href="/wiki/Khaleej_Times" title="Khaleej Times">Khaleej Times</a></i>. 10 May 2012. Retrieved on 10 May 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/06/egypt-plans-resettle-millions-sinai-amid-anti-terrorism-operations">"Egypt plans to resettle millions in Sinai amid anti-terrorism operations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Monitor" title="Al-Monitor">Al-Monitor</a></i>. Cairo. 20 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Egypt+plans+to+resettle+millions+in+Sinai+amid+anti-terrorism+operations&rft.date=2021-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Foriginals%2F2021%2F06%2Fegypt-plans-resettle-millions-sinai-amid-anti-terrorism-operations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voodoo_Skies-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Voodoo_Skies_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012194824/http://voodooskies.com/weather/egypt/el-arish">"Al Arish, Egypt"</a>. Voodoo Skies. 13 August 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voodooskies.com/weather/egypt/el-arish">the original</a> on 12 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Arish%2C+Egypt&rft.pub=Voodoo+Skies&rft.date=2013-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoodooskies.com%2Fweather%2Fegypt%2Fel-arish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/UB/62337.TXT">"El Arish Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Arish+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG__I%2FUB%2F62337.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813003238/http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/u/UB62337.php">"El Arish, Egypt: Climate, Global Warming, and Daylight Charts and Data"</a>. Climate Charts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/u/UB62337.php">the original</a> on 13 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Arish%2C+Egypt%3A+Climate%2C+Global+Warming%2C+and+Daylight+Charts+and+Data&rft.pub=Climate+Charts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.climate-charts.com%2FLocations%2Fu%2FUB62337.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmran2017" class="citation web cs1">Omran, El-Sayed Ewis (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F698_2017_43/MediaObjects/978-3-319-95065-5_43_Fig16_HTML.png">"Soil potentiality map of the project area - Bir el-Abd"</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F698_2017_43">10.1007/698_2017_43</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soil+potentiality+map+of+the+project+area+-+Bir+el-Abd&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F698_2017_43&rft.aulast=Omran&rft.aufirst=El-Sayed+Ewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.springernature.com%2Flw685%2Fspringer-static%2Fimage%2Fchp%253A10.1007%252F698_2017_43%2FMediaObjects%2F978-3-319-95065-5_43_Fig16_HTML.png&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hegazy-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hegazy_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHegazy2021" class="citation journal cs1">Hegazy, Ibrahim Rizk (June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346668048">"Towards sustainable urbanization of coastal cities: The case of Al-Arish City, Egypt"</a>. <i>Ain Shams Engineering Journal</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 2275–2284. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.asej.2020.07.027">10.1016/j.asej.2020.07.027</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Egypt+mosque+attack%3A+Death+toll+rises+to+235%2C+state+media+says&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fegypt-sinai-mosque-attack%2Farticle37071056%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/officials-militants-kill-6-bedouins-154240812.html">"Officials: IS militants kill 6 Bedouins in Egypt's Sinai"</a>. <i>Yahoo</i>. 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo&rft.atitle=Officials%3A+IS+militants+kill+6+Bedouins+in+Egypt%27s+Sinai&rft.date=2021-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fofficials-militants-kill-6-bedouins-154240812.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C295048">"El Arish, Egypt. c. 1918. Grave and headstone of Lieutenant William Raymond Hyam, 13th Australian ..."</a> <i>www.awm.gov.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.awm.gov.au&rft.atitle=El+Arish%2C+Egypt.+c.+1918.+Grave+and+headstone+of+Lieutenant+William+Raymond+Hyam%2C+13th+Australian+...&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FC295048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArish" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/09/20/Egyptian-POW-graves-said-found-in-Sinai/3651811569600/">https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/09/20/Egyptian-POW-graves-said-found-in-Sinai/3651811569600/</a> Quote: "Cairo's government-run newspaper <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahram" title="Al-Ahram">al-Ahram</a> said Wednesday. The daily newspaper, which sponsored the expedition, said excavators and a dredger dug for just six hours before finding the first grave with the help of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdel-Salam_Moussa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdel-Salam Moussa (page does not exist)">Abdel-Salam Moussa</a>, a former Egyptian <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POW</a> who allegedly helped bury his comrades 28 years ago." </span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Egyptian_cities_by_population" title="Template:Egyptian cities by population"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Egyptian_cities_by_population" title="Template talk:Egyptian cities by population"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian_cities_by_population" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian cities by population"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Egyptian_cities_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Egypt" title="List of cities and towns in Egypt">Egyptian cities</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000 and more</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan">Helwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shubra_El_Kheima" title="Shubra El Kheima">Shubra El Kheima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asyut" title="Asyut">Asyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbeis" title="Bilbeis">Bilbeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiyum" title="Faiyum">Faiyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbaba" title="Imbaba">Imbaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailia" title="Ismailia">Ismailia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Mahalla_El_Kubra" title="El Mahalla El Kubra">El Mahalla El Kubra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_Ombo" title="Kom Ombo">Kom Ombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansoura" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansoura">Mansoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Said" title="Port Said">Port Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez" title="Suez">Suez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanta" title="Tanta">Tanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagazig" title="Zagazig">Zagazig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6th_of_October_(city)" title="6th of October (city)">6th of October</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aswan" title="Aswan">Aswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benha" title="Benha">Benha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_Suef" title="Beni Suef">Beni Suef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damanhur" title="Damanhur">Damanhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desouk" title="Desouk">Desouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edfu" title="Edfu">Edfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurghada" title="Hurghada">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_El_Dawwar" title="Kafr El Dawwar">Kafr El Dawwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_El_Sheikh" title="Kafr El Sheikh">Kafr El Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallawi" title="Mallawi">Mallawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minya,_Egypt" title="Minya, Egypt">Minya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Borg_El_Arab" title="New Borg El Arab">New Borg El Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Cairo" title="New Cairo">New Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obour_(city)" title="Obour (city)">Obour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qena" title="Qena">Qena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibin_El_Kom" title="Shibin El Kom">Shibin El Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohag" title="Sohag">Sohag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><99,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Sokhna" title="Ain Sokhna">Ain Sokhna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhmim" title="Akhmim">Akhmim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahab" title="Dahab">Dahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakhla_Oasis" title="Dakhla Oasis">Dakhla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendera" title="Dendera">Dendera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekernes" title="Dekernes">Dekernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Alamein" title="El Alamein">El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Gouna" title="El Gouna">El Gouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esna" title="Esna">Esna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Fuad" title="Port Fuad">Port Fuad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamrah_Dom" title="Hamrah Dom">Hamrah Dom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hala%27ib" class="mw-redirect" title="Hala'ib">Hala'ib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharga">Kharga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsa_Alam" title="Marsa Alam">Marsa Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsa_Matruh" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsa Matruh">Marsa Matruh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi" title="Nag Hammadi">Nag Hammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nubariya" title="New Nubariya">New Nubariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuweiba" title="Nuweiba">Nuweiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta" title="Rosetta">Rosetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadat_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadat (city)">Sadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safaga" title="Safaga">Safaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine,_Egypt" title="Saint Catherine, Egypt">Saint Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwa_Oasis" title="Siwa Oasis">Siwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh" title="Sharm El Sheikh">Sharm El Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba,_Egypt" title="Taba, Egypt">Taba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkha" title="Talkha">Talkha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238452#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible 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