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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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id="toc-ISP-based_email" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISP-based_email"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>ISP-based email</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISP-based_email-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_mail_providers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_mail_providers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Free mail providers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_mail_providers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premium_email_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premium_email_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Premium email services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premium_email_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanity_email" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanity_email"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Vanity email</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanity_email-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_as_identifier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_as_identifier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Role as identifier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_as_identifier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Provider of email hosting</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mail service provider" redirects here. For the marketing term, see <a href="/wiki/Email_service_provider_(marketing)" title="Email service provider (marketing)">email service provider (marketing)</a>.</div> <p>A <b>mailbox provider</b>, <b>mail service provider</b> or, somewhat improperly,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>email service provider</b> is a provider of <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a> hosting. It implements <a href="/wiki/Message_transfer_agent" title="Message transfer agent">email servers</a> to send, receive, accept, and store email for other organizations or <a href="/wiki/End-user_(computer_science)#End_user" class="mw-redirect" title="End-user (computer science)">end users</a>, on their behalf. </p><p>The term "mail service provider" was coined in the Internet Mail Architecture document <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5598">5598</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-email-arch_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-email-arch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mailbox_provider&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are various kinds of email providers. There are paid and free ones, possibly sustained by advertising. Some allow anonymous users, whereby a single user can get multiple, apparently unrelated accounts. Some require full identification credentials; for example, a company may provide email accounts to full-time staff only. Often, companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals that manage their mail servers themselves adopt naming conventions that make it straightforward to identify who is the owner of a given email address. Besides control of the local names, <a href="/wiki/Insourcing" class="mw-redirect" title="Insourcing">insourcing</a> may provide for data confidentiality, network traffic optimization, and fun. </p><p>Mailbox providers typically accomplish their task by implementing <a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</a> (SMTP) and possibly providing access to messages through <a href="/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" title="Internet Message Access Protocol">Internet Message Access Protocol</a> (IMAP), the <a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">Post Office Protocol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webmail" title="Webmail">Webmail</a>, or a proprietary protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parts of the task can still be outsourced, for example virus and spam filtering of incoming mail, or authentication of outgoing mail. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISP-based_email">ISP-based email</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mailbox_provider&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: ISP-based email"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service provider</a></div> <p>Many mailbox providers are also access providers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not the core product, their email services could lack some interesting features, such as IMAP, <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">Transport Layer Security</a>, or <a href="/wiki/SMTP_Authentication" title="SMTP Authentication">SMTP Authentication</a> —in fact, an ISP can do without the latter, as it can recognize its clients by the IP addresses it assigns them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_mail_providers">Free mail providers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mailbox_provider&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Free mail providers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Web_mail_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Web mail server">Web mail server</a></div> <p>Launched in the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/AOL_Mail" title="AOL Mail">AOL Mail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hotmail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotmail">Hotmail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lycos" title="Lycos">Lycos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mail.com" title="Mail.com">Mail.com</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Mail">Yahoo! Mail</a> were among the early providers of free email accounts, joined by <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> in 2004. They attract users because they are free and can advertise their service on every message. </p><p>According to American entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jurvetson" title="Steve Jurvetson">Steve Jurvetson</a>, Hotmail grew from zero to 12 million users in 18 months.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, Microsoft purchased Hotmail for $400 million and relaunched it as MSN Hotmail the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-Outlook.com_Launch_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Outlook.com_Launch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was relaunched as <a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a> in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-itnewsonline.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itnewsonline.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premium_email_services">Premium email services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mailbox_provider&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Premium email services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Premium_email" class="mw-redirect" title="Premium email">Premium email</a> and <a href="/wiki/Email_hosting_service" title="Email hosting service">Email hosting service</a></div> <p>These are the paid equivalent of free mail providers. That is, a better alternative to ISP-based email. Much less popular than free mail, they target a niche of users. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vanity_email">Vanity email</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mailbox_provider&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vanity email"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vanity_domain" title="Vanity domain">Vanity domain</a></div> <p>It is also possible to run a shim service, providing no access but just forwarding all messages to another account, which does not lend itself to direct use, for example because it is temporary or just less appealing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_as_identifier">Role as identifier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mailbox_provider&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Role as identifier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A mailbox provider is the administrator of the registered <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a> that forms the domain-part of its <a href="/wiki/Email_address" title="Email address">email addresses</a>. As such, it controls the <a href="/wiki/MX_record" title="MX record">MX records</a> that specify which hosts will receive email destined to those addresses. The operators of those hosts define the meaning of the local-part of an address by associating it to a mailbox, which in turn can be associated to a user.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mailbox provider also specifies how users can read their mail, possibly creating <a href="/wiki/SRV_record" title="SRV record">SRV records</a> to ease email client configuration, or giving detailed instructions. </p><p>Email addresses are convenient tokens for identifying people, even at web sites unrelated to email. In fact, they are unique, and allow password reminders to be sent at will. </p><p>From a bureaucracy-oriented point of view, there is no formal undertaking beyond domain name registration. This role is based on <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a> standards, and, unlike <a href="/wiki/X.400" title="X.400">X.400</a> and other <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> works, in and of itself requires no arrangements with local authorities. The notion of Administration Management Domain (ADMD) is derived afterwards, from empirical evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-email-arch_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-email-arch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, local authorities concerned with <a href="/wiki/Internet_privacy" title="Internet privacy">Internet privacy</a> issues may add rules and requisites on top of the original Internet email design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mailbox_provider&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Email_hosting_service" title="Email hosting service">Email hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email_mailbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Email mailbox">Email mailbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service provider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premium_email" class="mw-redirect" title="Premium email">Premium email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_mail_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Web mail server">Web mail server</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mailbox_provider&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.m3aawg.org/sites/default/files/document/M3AAWG_Hosting_Abuse_BCPs-2015-03.pdf">"M³AAWG Anti-Abuse Best Common Practices for Hosting and Cloud Service Providers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. M³AAWG. March 17, 2015. <q>Email Service Provider – A company that offers services to send email at volume.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C2%B3AAWG+Anti-Abuse+Best+Common+Practices+for+Hosting+and+Cloud+Service+Providers&rft.pub=M%C2%B3AAWG&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.m3aawg.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocument%2FM3AAWG_Hosting_Abuse_BCPs-2015-03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMailbox+provider" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-email-arch-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-email-arch_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-email-arch_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDave_Crocker2009" class="citation cs1">Dave Crocker (July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5598#section-2.3">"Administrative Actors"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5598"><i>Internet Mail Architecture</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. sec. 2.3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC5598">10.17487/RFC5598</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5598">5598</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Administrative+Actors&rft.btitle=Internet+Mail+Architecture&rft.pages=sec.-2.3&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2009-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC5598&rft.au=Dave+Crocker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc5598%26%23035%3Bsection-2.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMailbox+provider" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray_Kucherawy2012" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Kucherawy" title="Murray Kucherawy">Murray Kucherawy</a>, ed. (June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6650"><i>Creation and Use of Email Feedback Reports: An Applicability Statement for the Abuse Reporting Format (ARF)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC6650">10.17487/RFC6650</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6650">6650</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2012</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Mailbox Provider" refers to an organization that accepts, stores, and offers access to [RFC5322] messages ("email messages") for end users. Such an organization has typically implemented SMTP [RFC5321] and might provide access to messages through IMAP [RFC3501], the Post Office Protocol (POP) [RFC1939], a proprietary interface designed for HTTP [RFC2616], or a proprietary protocol.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creation+and+Use+of+Email+Feedback+Reports%3A+An+Applicability+Statement+for+the+Abuse+Reporting+Format+%28ARF%29&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2012-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC6650&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc6650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMailbox+provider" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ.D._Falk2011" class="citation cs1">J.D. Falk, ed. (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6449"><i>Complaint Feedback Loop Operational Recommendations</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC6449">10.17487/RFC6449</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6449">6449</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complaint+Feedback+Loop+Operational+Recommendations&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC6449&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc6449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMailbox+provider" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJurij_Leskovec2008" class="citation cs2">Jurij Leskovec (2008), <i>Dynamics of Large Networks</i>, ProQuest, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780549957959" title="Special:BookSources/9780549957959"><bdi>9780549957959</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dynamics+of+Large+Networks&rft.pub=ProQuest&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780549957959&rft.au=Jurij+Leskovec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMailbox+provider" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Outlook.com_Launch-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Outlook.com_Launch_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw2016" class="citation web cs1">Law, David (July 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.microsoft.com/bythenumbers/">"Outlook.com leaves preview as the world's fastest growing email service going from 0 to 60 million in just 6 months"</a>. <i>Microsoft News</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+News&rft.atitle=Outlook.com+leaves+preview+as+the+world%27s+fastest+growing+email+service+going+from+0+to+60+million+in+just+6+months&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.microsoft.com%2Fbythenumbers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMailbox+provider" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurrott2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Thurrott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Thurrott (page does not exist)">Thurrott, Paul</a> (July 31, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120803011439/http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows-live/outlookcom-mail-microsoft-reimagines-webmail-143877">"Outlook.com Mail: Microsoft Reimagines Webmail"</a>. <i>Supersite for Windows</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penton_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Penton Media">Penton Media</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows-live/outlookcom-mail-microsoft-reimagines-webmail-143877">the original</a> on August 3, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Supersite+for+Windows&rft.atitle=Outlook.com+Mail%3A+Microsoft+Reimagines+Webmail&rft.date=2012-07-31&rft.aulast=Thurrott&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winsupersite.com%2Farticle%2Fwindows-live%2Foutlookcom-mail-microsoft-reimagines-webmail-143877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMailbox+provider" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-itnewsonline.com-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-itnewsonline.com_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080503160228/http://www.itnewsonline.com/showstory.php?storyid=9583&scatid=6&contid=3">"Windows Live Hotmail Launches Worldwide in 36 Languages"</a>. IT News Online. May 7, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itnewsonline.com/showstory.php?storyid=9583&scatid=6&contid=3">the original</a> on May 3, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windows+Live+Hotmail+Launches+Worldwide+in+36+Languages&rft.pub=IT+News+Online&rft.date=2007-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itnewsonline.com%2Fshowstory.php%3Fstoryid%3D9583%26scatid%3D6%26contid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMailbox+provider" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm2011" class="citation web cs1">Wilhelm, Alex (October 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenextweb.com/microsoft/2011/10/03/microsoft-announces-massive-hotmail-update-to-better-combat-gmail">"Microsoft announces massive Hotmail update to better combat Gmail"</a>. The Next Web<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+announces+massive+Hotmail+update+to+better+combat+Gmail&rft.pub=The+Next+Web&rft.date=2011-10-03&rft.aulast=Wilhelm&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fmicrosoft%2F2011%2F10%2F03%2Fmicrosoft-announces-massive-hotmail-update-to-better-combat-gmail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMailbox+provider" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Klensin2008" class="citation cs1">John Klensin (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5321"><i>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC5321">10.17487/RFC5321</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5321">5321</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simple+Mail+Transfer+Protocol&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2008-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC5321&rft.au=John+Klensin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc5321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMailbox+provider" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mailbox_provider&oldid=1213786774">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mailbox_provider&oldid=1213786774</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Email" title="Category:Email">Email</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 March 2024, at 03:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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