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Rhyne - Wikipedia

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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Drainage ditch</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For people with the name, see <a href="/wiki/Rhyne_(name)" title="Rhyne (name)">Rhyne (name)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Reen" redirects here. For people with that name, see <a href="/wiki/Reen_(given_name)" title="Reen (given name)">Reen (given name)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rhyne" title="Special:EditPage/Rhyne">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Rhyne%22">"Rhyne"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Rhyne%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Rhyne%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Rhyne%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rhyne%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rhyne%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Langacre_Rhyne_-_geograph.org.uk_-_231105.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Langacre_Rhyne_-_geograph.org.uk_-_231105.jpg/220px-Langacre_Rhyne_-_geograph.org.uk_-_231105.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Langacre_Rhyne_-_geograph.org.uk_-_231105.jpg/330px-Langacre_Rhyne_-_geograph.org.uk_-_231105.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Langacre_Rhyne_-_geograph.org.uk_-_231105.jpg/440px-Langacre_Rhyne_-_geograph.org.uk_-_231105.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Langacre Rhyne near West End, <a href="/wiki/North_Somerset" title="North Somerset">North Somerset</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olveston_Drainage_Rhine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_381123.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Olveston Drainage Rhine near Pilning, South Gloucestershire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Olveston_Drainage_Rhine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_381123.jpg/220px-Olveston_Drainage_Rhine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_381123.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Olveston_Drainage_Rhine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_381123.jpg/330px-Olveston_Drainage_Rhine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_381123.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Olveston_Drainage_Rhine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_381123.jpg/440px-Olveston_Drainage_Rhine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_381123.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Olveston Drainage Rhine near <a href="/wiki/Pilning" title="Pilning">Pilning</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">South Gloucestershire</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In parts of England and Wales, a <b>rhyne</b> (<a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>), <b>rhine/rhyne</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a>), or <b>reen</b> (<a href="/wiki/South_Wales" title="South Wales">South Wales</a>) (all pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;r&#39; in &#39;rye&#39;">r</span><span title="/iː/: &#39;ee&#39; in &#39;fleece&#39;">iː</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> "reen"; from Old English <i>ryne</i> or <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Language">Welsh</a> <i>rhewyn</i> or <i>rhewin</i> "ditch") is a <a href="/wiki/Drainage" title="Drainage">drainage</a> <a href="/wiki/Ditch" title="Ditch">ditch</a>, or canal, used to turn areas of <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a> close to <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> into useful <a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">pasture</a>. </p><p>Water levels (and hence the level of the <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a>) will usually be controlled by a system of <a href="/wiki/Sluice" title="Sluice">sluice</a> gates and pumps, allowing the land to become wetter at times of the year when this will improve grass growth. Rhynes represent an early method of swamp or marsh drainage. Large sections of swampland were surrounded by trenches deep enough to drain the water from the encircled mound and leave the land relatively dry. Regular clearing and <a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">dredging</a> is necessary to keep the rhynes clear of debris so that they flow freely. </p><p>Rhynes have been used extensively in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, especially on marshy coastal areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Levels" title="Somerset Levels">Somerset Levels</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Havinden_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Havinden-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Levels" title="North Somerset Levels">North Somerset Levels</a>. Other examples in England exist in the <a href="/wiki/Framilode" title="Framilode">Framilode</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saul,_Gloucestershire" title="Saul, Gloucestershire">Saul</a> area of Gloucestershire, where they drain into either the <a href="/wiki/River_Severn" title="River Severn">River Severn</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sharpness_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharpness Canal">Sharpness Canal</a>, and the Pilning Levels alongside the <a href="/wiki/Severn_Estuary" title="Severn Estuary">Severn Estuary</a> in South Gloucestershire between <a href="/wiki/Avonmouth" title="Avonmouth">Avonmouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aust" title="Aust">Aust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In southeast Wales, they can be found on the <a href="/wiki/Caldicot_and_Wentloog_Levels" title="Caldicot and Wentloog Levels">Caldicot and Wentloog Levels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Many of them are still in use today. </p><p>Many rhynes in England and Wales are maintained as part of the <a href="/wiki/Water_resource_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Water resource management">water resource management</a> operations of <a href="/wiki/Internal_drainage_board" title="Internal drainage board">internal drainage boards</a>. The rhynes near <a href="/wiki/Wembdon" title="Wembdon">Wembdon</a> village have some early references, including Fichet's rhyne in 1579 and the Great or Wildmarsh rhyne in 1705.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The etymology of the name is unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some sources claim that rhyne is derived from the Irish word <i>rathin</i>, a diminutive of <i>rath</i> —a circular mound or entrenchment.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The word <i>rhewyn</i> is attested in Welsh from the 1400s onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chessell_Pill_sluice_near_New_Passage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Chessell_Pill_sluice_near_New_Passage.jpg/220px-Chessell_Pill_sluice_near_New_Passage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Chessell_Pill_sluice_near_New_Passage.jpg/330px-Chessell_Pill_sluice_near_New_Passage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Chessell_Pill_sluice_near_New_Passage.jpg/440px-Chessell_Pill_sluice_near_New_Passage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sluice" title="Sluice">sluice</a> used to manage the Chessell Pill where it drains into the <a href="/wiki/Severn_Estuary" title="Severn Estuary">Severn Estuary</a> near <a href="/wiki/New_Passage" title="New Passage">New Passage</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">South Gloucestershire</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ditch" title="Ditch">Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_England_and_Wales" title="Water supply and sanitation in England and Wales">Water supply and sanitation in England and Wales</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Havinden-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Havinden_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHavinden1982" class="citation book cs1">Havinden, Michael (1982). <i>The Somerset Landscape</i>. The making of the English landscape. Hodder and Stoughton. pp.&#160;133–135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-20116-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-20116-9"><bdi>0-340-20116-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Somerset+Landscape&amp;rft.series=The+making+of+the+English+landscape&amp;rft.pages=133-135&amp;rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.isbn=0-340-20116-9&amp;rft.aulast=Havinden&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southglos.gov.uk/documents/LCA-Section-2-Area-20.pdf">Landscape Character Assessment Area 20: Pilning Levels</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). South Gloucestershire Council. November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Landscape+Character+Assessment+Area+20%3A+Pilning+Levels&amp;rft.pub=South+Gloucestershire+Council&amp;rft.date=2014-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southglos.gov.uk%2Fdocuments%2FLCA-Section-2-Area-20.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/352483">Geograph photos of Reens in the Levels</a>, retrieved 5 May 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/southeastwales/hi/people_and_places/nature/newsid_7896000/7896793.stm">BBC Newport Wetlands Reserve</a> 18 February 2009 <i>news.bbc.co.uk</i>, retrieved 5 May 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA_P_Baggs,_M_C_Siraut1992" class="citation web cs1">A P Baggs, M C Siraut (1992). R W Dunning, C R Elrington (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=18709">"Wembdon"</a>. <i>A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 6: Andersfield, Cannington, and North Petherton Hundreds (Bridgwater and neighbouring parishes)</i>. Institute of Historical Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Somerset%3A+Volume+6%3A+Andersfield%2C+Cannington%2C+and+North+Petherton+Hundreds+%28Bridgwater+and+neighbouring+parishes%29&amp;rft.atitle=Wembdon&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.au=A+P+Baggs%2C+M+C+Siraut&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D18709&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/start;jsessionid=7D7BAEB19414893DBE2184E09B314B0E?authRejection=true&amp;url=%2Fview%2FEntry%2F165214">"rhine, n.3"</a></span>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&amp;rft.atitle=rhine%2C+n.3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fstart%3Bjsessionid%3D7D7BAEB19414893DBE2184E09B314B0E%3FauthRejection%3Dtrue%26url%3D%252Fview%252FEntry%252F165214&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill, W. Walter (1929). <i>A Manx Scrapbook</i>. London &amp; Bristol: Arrowsmith. Chapter IV: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/scrap1/ch04_gn.htm"><i>The Parish of German</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html">"Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Geiriadur+Prifysgol+Cymru&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeiriadur.ac.uk%2Fgpc%2Fgpc.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐65f56955c6‐q2ws4 Cached time: 20241203072327 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.288 seconds Real time usage: 0.401 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 772/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19646/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 651/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21509/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.170/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5163178/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 359.019 1 -total 33.60% 120.626 1 Template:Reflist 23.51% 84.395 1 Template:Cite_book 22.59% 81.092 1 Template:Short_description 18.15% 65.154 1 Template:More_citations_needed 17.19% 61.729 1 Template:Ambox 13.22% 47.450 2 Template:Pagetype 6.41% 22.998 1 Template:For 6.01% 21.577 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 5.88% 21.122 1 Template:Redirect --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:2440190:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241203072327 and revision id 1206695186. 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