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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Tables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relative_Index" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relative_Index"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Relative Index</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relative_Index-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence and criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influence_and_criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influence and criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_homosexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_homosexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Treatment of homosexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_homosexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Treatment of religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Treatment of women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dewey Decimal Classification</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey-klassifikasiestelsel" title="Dewey-klassifikasiestelsel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dewey-klassifikasiestelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تصنيف ديوي العشري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تصنيف ديوي العشري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ডিউই ডেসিমাল শ্রেণিবিন্যাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডিউই ডেসিমাল শ্রেণিবিন্যাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Si%CC%8Dp-ch%C3%ACn_Hun-l%C5%ABi-hoat" title="Dewey Si̍p-chìn Hun-lūi-hoat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dewey Si̍p-chìn Hun-lūi-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B8" title="Десетична класификация на Дюи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Десетична класификация на Дюи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificaci%C3%B3_Decimal_de_Dewey" title="Classificació Decimal de Dewey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Classificació Decimal de Dewey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han-ayng_Dewey" title="Han-ayng Dewey – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Han-ayng Dewey" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey%C5%AFv_desetinn%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Deweyův desetinný systém – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Deweyův desetinný systém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dewey Decimal Classification" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation" title="Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B9" title="Δεκαδικό Σύστημα Ταξινόμησης Ντιούι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεκαδικό Σύστημα Ταξινόμησης Ντιούι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Dewey_de_clasificaci%C3%B3n" title="Sistema Dewey de clasificación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema Dewey de clasificación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekuma_klasifiko_la%C5%AD_Dewey" title="Dekuma klasifiko laŭ Dewey – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dekuma klasifiko laŭ Dewey" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%87%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="رده‌بندی دهدهی دیوئی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رده‌بندی دهدهی دیوئی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_d%C3%A9cimale_de_Dewey" title="Classification décimale de Dewey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classification décimale de Dewey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_deach%C3%BAlach_Dewey" title="Córas deachúlach Dewey – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Córas deachúlach Dewey" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%8B%AD%EC%A7%84%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98%EB%B2%95" title="듀이 십진분류법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="듀이 십진분류법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deweyeva_decimalna_klasifikacija" title="Deweyeva decimalna klasifikacija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Deweyeva decimalna klasifikacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimala_klasifikuro_da_Dewey" title="Decimala klasifikuro da Dewey – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Decimala klasifikuro da Dewey" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasifikasi_Persepuluhan_Dewey" title="Klasifikasi Persepuluhan Dewey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Klasifikasi Persepuluhan Dewey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMjinjo_wezishumi_womtapolwazi" title="UMjinjo wezishumi womtapolwazi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UMjinjo wezishumi womtapolwazi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey-flokkunarkerfi%C3%B0" title="Dewey-flokkunarkerfið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dewey-flokkunarkerfið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificazione_decimale_Dewey" title="Classificazione decimale Dewey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classificazione decimale Dewey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99" title="שיטת דיואי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיטת דיואי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificatio_Decimalis_Dewey" title="Classificatio Decimalis Dewey – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Classificatio Decimalis Dewey" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey-f%C3%A9le_tizedes_oszt%C3%A1lyoz%C3%A1s" title="Dewey-féle tizedes osztályozás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dewey-féle tizedes osztályozás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ഡ്യൂയി ഡെസിമൽ വർഗ്ഗീകരണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡ്യൂയി ഡെസിമൽ വർഗ്ഗീകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengelasan_Perpuluhan_Dewey" title="Pengelasan Perpuluhan Dewey – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengelasan Perpuluhan Dewey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дюигийн аравтын ангилал – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дюигийн аравтын ангилал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Decimale_Classificatie" title="Dewey Decimale Classificatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dewey Decimale Classificatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B2%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" title="デューイ十進分類法 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デューイ十進分類法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deweys_desimalklassifikasjon" title="Deweys desimalklassifikasjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Deweys desimalklassifikasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deweys_desimalklassifikasjon" title="Deweys desimalklassifikasjon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Deweys desimalklassifikasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3" title="ਡੀਯੂਈ ਦਸ਼ਮਲਵ ਵਰਗੀਕਰਣ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੀਯੂਈ ਦਸ਼ਮਲਵ ਵਰਗੀਕਰਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasyfikacja_dziesi%C4%99tna_Deweya" title="Klasyfikacja dziesiętna Deweya – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Klasyfikacja dziesiętna Deweya" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_decimal_de_Dewey" title="Classificação decimal de Dewey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Classificação decimal de Dewey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificarea_zecimal%C4%83_Dewey" title="Clasificarea zecimală Dewey – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clasificarea zecimală Dewey" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B8" title="Десятичная классификация Дьюи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Десятичная классификация Дьюи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="ඩිවි දශම වර්ගීකරණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඩිවි දශම වර්ගීකරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_System" title="Dewey Decimal System – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dewey Decimal System" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deweyho_desatinn%C3%A9_triedenie" title="Deweyho desatinné triedenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Deweyho desatinné triedenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deweyjeva_decimalna_klasifikacija" title="Deweyjeva decimalna klasifikacija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Deweyjeva decimalna klasifikacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Дјуијева децимална класификација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дјуијева децимална класификација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deweyjeva_decimalna_klasifikacija" title="Deweyjeva decimalna klasifikacija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Deweyjeva decimalna klasifikacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deweyn_kymmenluokitusj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Deweyn kymmenluokitusjärjestelmä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Deweyn kymmenluokitusjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dewey Decimal Classification" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தூவி தசம வகைப்படுத்தல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தூவி தசம வகைப்படுத்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89" title="การจัดหมู่หนังสือแบบทศนิยมดิวอี้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การจัดหมู่หนังสือแบบทศนิยมดิวอี้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Onlu_S%C4%B1n%C4%B1flama_Sistemi" title="Dewey Onlu Sınıflama Sistemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dewey Onlu Sınıflama Sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%97" title="Десяткова класифікація Дьюї – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Десяткова класифікація Дьюї" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%81_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ڈیوی اعشاریائی درجہ بندی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈیوی اعشاریائی درجہ بندی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" title="杜威十進制圖書分類法 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="杜威十進制圖書分類法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95" title="杜威十进制图书分类法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杜威十进制图书分类法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Library classification system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Dewey Decimal" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Duodecimal" title="Duodecimal">Duodecimal</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Dewey Decimal System" redirects here. For the novel by Nathan Larson, see <a href="/wiki/The_Dewey_Decimal_System_(novel)" title="The Dewey Decimal System (novel)"><i>The Dewey Decimal System</i> (novel)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_Wan_Chai_Library_Inside_Bookcase_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/HK_Wan_Chai_Library_Inside_Bookcase_a.jpg/200px-HK_Wan_Chai_Library_Inside_Bookcase_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/HK_Wan_Chai_Library_Inside_Bookcase_a.jpg/300px-HK_Wan_Chai_Library_Inside_Bookcase_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/HK_Wan_Chai_Library_Inside_Bookcase_a.jpg/400px-HK_Wan_Chai_Library_Inside_Bookcase_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a> bookshelf in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> classified using the <a href="/wiki/New_Classification_Scheme_for_Chinese_Libraries" title="New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries">New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries</a>, an adaptation of the Dewey Classification scheme</figcaption></figure> <p> The <b>Dewey Decimal Classification</b> (<b>DDC</b>), colloquially known as the <b>Dewey Decimal System</b>, is a proprietary <a href="/wiki/Library_classification" title="Library classification">library classification</a> system which allows new books to be added to a library in their appropriate location based on subject.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first published in the United States by <a href="/wiki/Melvil_Dewey" title="Melvil Dewey">Melvil Dewey</a> in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally described in a 44-page pamphlet, it has been expanded to multiple volumes and revised through 23 major editions, the latest printed in 2011. It is also available in an abridged version suitable for smaller libraries. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>, a non-profit cooperative that serves libraries, currently maintains the system and licenses online access to <b>WebDewey</b>, a continuously updated version for <a href="/wiki/Cataloging_(library_science)" title="Cataloging (library science)">catalogers</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal</a> number classification introduced the concepts of <i>relative location</i> and <i>relative index</i>. Libraries previously had given books permanent shelf locations that were related to the order of acquisition rather than topic. The classification's notation makes use of three-digit numbers for main classes, with fractional decimals allowing expansion for further detail. Numbers are flexible to the degree that they can be expanded in linear fashion to cover special aspects of general subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A library assigns a classification number that unambiguously locates a particular volume in a position relative to other books in the library, on the basis of its subject. The number makes it possible to find any book and to return it to its proper place on the library shelves.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The classification system is used in 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melvil_Dewey_1891.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Melvil_Dewey_1891.jpg/220px-Melvil_Dewey_1891.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Melvil_Dewey_1891.jpg/330px-Melvil_Dewey_1891.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Melvil_Dewey_1891.jpg/440px-Melvil_Dewey_1891.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2740" data-file-height="3940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Melvil_Dewey" title="Melvil Dewey">Melvil Dewey</a>, the inventor of the Dewey Decimal classification</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1873–1885:_early_development"><span id="1873.E2.80.931885:_early_development"></span>1873–1885: early development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1873–1885: early development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Melvil_Dewey" title="Melvil Dewey">Melvil Dewey</a> (1851–1931) was an American librarian and self-declared reformer.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a> and can be credited with the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Library_catalog" title="Library catalog">card systems</a> in libraries and business.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He developed the ideas for his library classification system in 1873 while working at the <a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst College</a> library. He applied the classification to the books in that library, until in 1876 he had a first version of the classification. In 1876, he published the classification in pamphlet form with the title <i>A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library.</i><sup id="cite_ref-DDC1876_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDC1876-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used the pamphlet, published in more than one version during the year, to solicit comments from other librarians. It is not known who received copies or how many commented as only one copy with comments has survived, that of <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Cushing_Richardson" title="Ernest Cushing Richardson">Ernest Cushing Richardson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His classification system was mentioned in an article in the first issue of the <i><a href="/wiki/Library_Journal" title="Library Journal">Library Journal</a></i> and in an article by Dewey in the Department of Education publication <i>Public Libraries in America</i> in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1876, he applied for, and received, copyright on the first edition of the index.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The edition was 44 pages in length, with 2,000 index entries, and was printed in 200 copies.<sup id="cite_ref-comaromi155_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comaromi155-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1885–1942:_period_of_adoption"><span id="1885.E2.80.931942:_period_of_adoption"></span>1885–1942: period of adoption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1885–1942: period of adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1885_Decimal_LibraryBureau.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/1885_Decimal_LibraryBureau.png/165px-1885_Decimal_LibraryBureau.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/1885_Decimal_LibraryBureau.png/248px-1885_Decimal_LibraryBureau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/1885_Decimal_LibraryBureau.png/330px-1885_Decimal_LibraryBureau.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>1885 - Dewey Decimal Classification</figcaption></figure> <p>The second edition of the Dewey Decimal system, published in 1885 with the title <i>Decimal Classification and Relativ Index for arranging, cataloging, and indexing public and private libraries and for pamflets, clippings, notes, scrap books, index rerums, etc.</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comprised 314 pages, with 10,000 index entries. Five hundred copies were produced.<sup id="cite_ref-comaromi155_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comaromi155-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Editions 3–14, published between 1888 and 1942, used a variant of this same title.<sup id="cite_ref-int-archive-summ_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-int-archive-summ-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dewey modified and expanded his system considerably for the second edition. In an introduction to that edition Dewey states that "nearly 100 persons hav [spelling of 'have' per <a href="/wiki/English-language_spelling_reform" title="English-language spelling reform">English-language spelling reform</a>, which Dewey championed] contributed criticisms and suggestions".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the innovations of the Dewey Decimal system was that of positioning books on the shelves in relation to other books on similar topics. When the system was first introduced, most libraries in the US used fixed positioning: each book was assigned a permanent shelf position based on the book's height and date of acquisition.<sup id="cite_ref-maichan_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maichan-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Library stacks were generally closed to all but the most privileged patrons, so shelf browsing was not considered of importance. The use of the Dewey Decimal system increased during the early 20th century as librarians were convinced of the advantages of relative positioning and of open shelf access for patrons.<sup id="cite_ref-maichan_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maichan-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New editions were readied as supplies of previously published editions were exhausted, even though some editions provided little change from the previous, as they were primarily needed to fulfill demand.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the next decade, three editions followed closely on: the 3rd (1888), 4th (1891), and 5th (1894). Editions 6 through 11 were published from 1899 to 1922. The 6th edition was published in a record 7,600 copies, although subsequent editions were much lower. During this time, the size of the volume grew, and edition 12 swelled to 1,243 pages, an increase of 25% over the previous edition.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the needs of smaller libraries which were finding the expanded classification schedules difficult to use, in 1894, the first abridged edition of the Dewey Decimal system was produced.<sup id="cite_ref-maichan_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maichan-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The abridged edition generally parallels the full edition, and has been developed for most full editions since that date. By popular request, in 1930, the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> began to print Dewey Classification numbers on nearly all of its cards, thus making the system immediately available to all libraries making use of the Library of Congress card sets.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dewey's was not the only library classification available, although it was the most complete. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ammi_Cutter" title="Charles Ammi Cutter">Charles Ammi Cutter</a> published the <a href="/wiki/Cutter_Expansive_Classification" title="Cutter Expansive Classification">Expansive Classification</a> in 1882, with initial encouragement from Melvil Dewey. Cutter's system was not adopted by many libraries, with one major exception: it was used as the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Classification" title="Library of Congress Classification">Library of Congress Classification</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes-cutter_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-cutter-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1895, the International Institute of Bibliography, located in Belgium and led by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Otlet" title="Paul Otlet">Paul Otlet</a>, contacted Dewey about the possibility of translating the classification into French, and using the classification system for bibliographies (as opposed to its use for books in libraries). This would have required some changes to the classification, which was under copyright. Dewey gave permission for the creation of a version intended for bibliographies, and also for its translation into French. Dewey did not agree, however, to allow the International Institute of Bibliography to later create an English version of the resulting classification, considering that a violation of their agreement, as well as a violation of Dewey's copyright. Shortly after Dewey's death in 1931, however, an agreement was reached between the committee overseeing the development of the Decimal Classification and the developers of the French <i>Classification Decimal</i>. The English version was published as the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Decimal_Classification" title="Universal Decimal Classification">Universal Decimal Classification</a> and is still in use today.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a study done in 1927, the Dewey system was used in the US in approximately 96% of responding public libraries and 89% of the college libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of Melvil Dewey in 1931, administration of the classification was under the Decimal Classification Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Placid_Club" title="Lake Placid Club">Lake Placid Club</a> Education Foundation, and the editorial body was the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee with participation of the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a> (ALA), <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, and Forest Press.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 14th edition in 1942, the Dewey Decimal Classification index was over 1,900 pages in length and was published in two volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>On September 2, 1933 Miss Caroline Fisher brings the Dewey Decimal System to Maycomb, Alabama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1942–present:_forging_an_identity"><span id="1942.E2.80.93present:_forging_an_identity"></span>1942–present: forging an identity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1942–present: forging an identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmonton_Librarian_teaching_students_about_the_Dewey_Decimal_System_(32848929670).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Edmonton_Librarian_teaching_students_about_the_Dewey_Decimal_System_%2832848929670%29.jpg/220px-Edmonton_Librarian_teaching_students_about_the_Dewey_Decimal_System_%2832848929670%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Edmonton_Librarian_teaching_students_about_the_Dewey_Decimal_System_%2832848929670%29.jpg/330px-Edmonton_Librarian_teaching_students_about_the_Dewey_Decimal_System_%2832848929670%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Edmonton_Librarian_teaching_students_about_the_Dewey_Decimal_System_%2832848929670%29.jpg/440px-Edmonton_Librarian_teaching_students_about_the_Dewey_Decimal_System_%2832848929670%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>Children being taught the top-level categories of the Dewey Decimal Classification system at a library in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in the 1960s</figcaption></figure> <p>The growth of the classification to date had led to significant criticism from medium and large libraries which were too large to use the abridged edition but found the full classification overwhelming. Dewey had intended issuing the classification in three editions: the library edition, which would be the fullest edition; the bibliographic edition, in English and French, which was to be used for the organization of bibliographies rather than of books on the shelf; and the abridged edition.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933, the bibliographic edition became the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Decimal_Classification" title="Universal Decimal Classification">Universal Decimal Classification</a>, which left the library and abridged versions as the formal Dewey Decimal Classification editions. The 15th edition, edited by <a href="/wiki/Milton_J._Ferguson" title="Milton J. Ferguson">Milton Ferguson</a>, implemented the growing concept of the "standard edition", designed for the majority of general libraries but not attempting to satisfy the needs of the very largest or of special libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also reduced the size of the Dewey system by over half, from 1,900 to 700 pages. This revision was so radical that an advisory committee was formed right away for the 16th and 17th editions.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 16th and 17th editions, under the editorship of the Library of Congress, grew again to two volumes. However, by then, the Dewey Decimal system had established itself as a classification for general libraries, with the Library of Congress Classification having gained acceptance for large research libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first electronic version of "Dewey" was created in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hard-copy editions continue to be issued at intervals; the online WebDewey and Abridged WebDewey are updated quarterly.<sup id="cite_ref-isibang_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isibang-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration_and_publication">Administration and publication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administration and publication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dewey and a small editorial staff managed the administration of the very early editions. Beginning in 1922, the Lake Placid Club Educational Foundation, a not-for-profit organization founded by Melvil Dewey, managed administrative affairs. The ALA set up a Special Advisory Committee on the Decimal Classification as part of the Cataloging and Classification division of ALA in 1952. The previous Decimal Classification Committee was changed to the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee, with participation of the ALA Division of Cataloging and Classification, and of the Library of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (March 2017)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Melvil Dewey edited the first three editions of the classification system and oversaw the revisions of all editions until his death in 1931. May Seymour became editor in 1891 and served until her death in 1921. She was followed by <a href="/wiki/Jennie_Dorcas_Fellows" title="Jennie Dorcas Fellows">Dorcas Fellows</a>, who was editor until her death in 1938. Constantin J. Mazney edited the 14th edition. Milton Ferguson functioned as editor from 1949 to 1951. The 16th edition in 1958 was edited under an agreement between the Library of Congress and Forest Press, with David Haykin as director.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Editions 16–19 were edited by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_A._Custer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin A. Custer (page does not exist)">Benjamin A. Custer</a> and the editor of edition 20 was John P. Comaromi. Joan Mitchell was editor until 2013, covering editions 21 to 23.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013 Michael Panzer of OCLC became Editor-in-Chief.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell-oclc_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell-oclc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dewey Editorial Program Manager since 2016 has been Rebecca Green.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dewey himself held copyright in editions 1 to 6 (1876–1919). Copyright in editions 7–10 was held by the publisher, The Library Bureau.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the death of May Seymour, Dewey conveyed the "copyrights and control of all editions" to the Lake Placid Club Educational Foundation, a non-profit chartered in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">Online Computer Library Center</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dublin,_Ohio" title="Dublin, Ohio">Dublin, Ohio</a>, US, acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification system when it bought Forest Press in 1988. In 2003 the Dewey Decimal Classification came to the attention of the U.S. press when OCLC sued the <a href="/wiki/Library_Hotel" title="Library Hotel">Library Hotel</a> for trademark infringement for using the classification system as the hotel theme.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case was settled shortly thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The OCLC has maintained the classification since 1988, and also publishes new editions of the system. The editorial staff responsible for updates is based partly at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> and partly at OCLC. Their work is reviewed by the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee, a ten-member international board which meets twice each year. The four-volume unabridged edition was published approximately every six years, with the last edition (DDC 23) published in mid-2011.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc-latest_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc-latest-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 the editorial staff announced that the English edition of DDC will no longer be printed, in favor of using the frequently updated WebDewey.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An experimental version of Dewey in <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> was previously available at dewey.info beginning in 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has not been available since 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the full version, a single-volume abridged edition designed for libraries with 20,000 titles or fewer has been made available since 1895. The last printed English abridged edition, Abridged Edition 15, was published in early 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Full edition</th> <th>Publication year</th> <th>Abridged edition</th> <th>Publication year </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st</td> <td>1876</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd</td> <td>1885</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd</td> <td>1888</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th</td> <td>1891</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th</td> <td>1894</td> <td>1st</td> <td>1895 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th</td> <td>1899</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th</td> <td>1911</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th</td> <td>1913</td> <td>2nd</td> <td>1915 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th</td> <td>1915</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th</td> <td>1919</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th</td> <td>1922</td> <td>3rd</td> <td>1926 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th</td> <td>1927</td> <td>4th</td> <td>1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th</td> <td>1932</td> <td>5th</td> <td>1936 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th</td> <td>1942</td> <td>6th</td> <td>1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15th</td> <td>1951</td> <td>7th</td> <td>1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16th</td> <td>1958</td> <td>8th</td> <td>1959 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17th</td> <td>1965</td> <td>9th</td> <td>1965 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18th</td> <td>1971</td> <td>10th</td> <td>1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19th</td> <td>1979</td> <td>11th</td> <td>1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20th</td> <td>1989</td> <td>12th</td> <td>1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21st</td> <td>1996</td> <td>13th</td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22nd</td> <td>2003</td> <td>14th</td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23rd</td> <td>2011</td> <td>15th</td> <td>2012 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dewey Decimal Classification organizes library materials by discipline or field of study. The scheme comprises <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">ten classes</a>, each divided into ten divisions, each having ten sections. The system's notation uses Indo-Arabic numbers, with three whole numbers making up the main classes and sub-classes and decimals designating further divisions. The classification structure is <a href="/wiki/Hierarchical" class="mw-redirect" title="Hierarchical">hierarchical</a> and the notation follows the same hierarchy. Libraries not needing the full level of detail of the classification can trim right-most decimal digits from the class number to obtain more general classifications.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <dl><dd>500 Natural sciences and mathematics <dl><dd>510 Mathematics <dl><dd>516 Geometry <dl><dd>516.3 Analytic geometries <dl><dd>516.37 Metric differential geometries <dl><dd>516.375 Finsler geometry</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The classification was originally enumerative, meaning that it listed all of the classes explicitly in the schedules. Over time it added some aspects of a <a href="/wiki/Faceted_classification" title="Faceted classification">faceted classification</a> scheme, allowing classifiers to construct a number by combining a class number for a topic with an entry from a separate table. Tables cover commonly used elements such as geographical and temporal aspects, language, and bibliographic forms. For example, a class number could be constructed using 330 for economics + .9 for geographic treatment + .04 for Europe to create the class 330.94 European economy. Or one could combine the class 973 (for the United States) + .05 (for <a href="/wiki/Periodical" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodical">periodical</a> publications on the topic) to arrive at the number 973.05 for periodicals concerning the United States generally. The classification also makes use of mnemonics in some areas, such that the number 5 represents the country Italy in classification numbers like 945 (history of Italy), 450 (Italian language), and 195 (Italian philosophy). The combination of faceting and mnemonics makes the classification <i>synthetic</i> in nature, with meaning built into parts of the classification number.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dewey Decimal Classification has a number for all subjects, including fiction, although many libraries maintain a separate fiction section shelved by alphabetical order of the author's surname. Each assigned number consists of two parts: a class number (from the Dewey system) and a book number, which "prevents confusion of different books on the same subject".<sup id="cite_ref-DDC1876_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDC1876-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A common form of the book number is called a <a href="/wiki/Cutter_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutter number">Cutter number</a>, which represents the author and distinguishes the book from other books on the same topic.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classes">Classes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">List of Dewey Decimal classes</a></div> <p>(From DDC 23<sup id="cite_ref-DDC23intro_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDC23intro-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes#Class_000_–_Computer_science,_information_and_general_works" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">000</a> – Computer science, information and general works</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes#Class_100_–_Philosophy_and_psychology" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">100</a> – Philosophy and psychology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes#Class_200_–_Religion" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">200</a> – Religion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes#Class_300_–_Social_sciences" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">300</a> – Social sciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes#Class_400_–_Language" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">400</a> – Language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes#Class_500_–_Science" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">500</a> – Pure science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes#Class_600_–_Technology" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">600</a> – Technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes#Class_700_–_Arts_and_recreation" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">700</a> – Arts and recreation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes#Class_800_–_Literature" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">800</a> – Literature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes#Class_900_–_History_and_geography" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">900</a> – History and geography</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tables">Tables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(From DDC 23<sup id="cite_ref-DDC23intro_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDC23intro-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <ul><li>T1 Standard Subdivisions</li> <li>T2 Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Biography</li> <li>T3 Subdivisions for the Arts, for Individual Literatures, for Specific Literary Forms <ul><li>T3A Subdivisions for Works by or about Individual Authors</li> <li>T3B Subdivisions for Works by or about More than One Author</li> <li>T3C Notation to Be Added Where Instructed in Table 3B, 700.4, 791.4, 808–809</li></ul></li> <li>T4 Subdivisions of Individual Languages and Language Families</li> <li>T5 Ethnic and National Groups</li> <li>T6 Languages</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relative_Index">Relative Index</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Relative Index"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Relative Index (or, as Dewey spelled it, "Relativ Index") is an alphabetical index to the classification, for use both by classifiers and by library users when seeking books by topic. The index was "relative" because the index entries pointed to the class numbers, not to the page numbers of the printed classification schedule. In this way, the Dewey Decimal Classification itself had the same relative positioning as the library shelf and could be used either as an entry point to the classification, by catalogers, or as an index to a Dewey-classed library itself.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_criticism">Influence and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Influence and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dewey Decimal Classification numbers formed the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Decimal_Classification" title="Universal Decimal Classification">Universal Decimal Classification</a> (UDC), which combines the basic Dewey numbers with selected punctuation marks (comma, colon, parentheses, etc.). Adaptations of the system for specific regions outside the English-speaking world include the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Decimal_Classification" title="Korean Decimal Classification">Korean Decimal Classification</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Classification_Scheme_for_Chinese_Libraries" title="New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries">New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Decimal_Classification" title="Nippon Decimal Classification">Nippon Decimal Classification</a> in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-oclc_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oclc-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-asia-libraries_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia-libraries-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite its widespread use, the classification has been criticized for its complexity and its limited capability for amendment. <sup id="cite_ref-alsc_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alsc-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-udc-leichtenstein_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udc-leichtenstein-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is particularly demonstrated with the literature section (800s): literature in European languages takes the entire range from 810 through 889, while the entire rest of the world's literature is relegated to the 890s. In 2007–08, the <a href="/wiki/Maricopa_County_Library_District" title="Maricopa County Library District">Maricopa County Library District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> abandoned the DDC in favor of the Book Industry Standards and Communications (<a href="/wiki/BISAC_Subject_Headings" title="BISAC Subject Headings">BISAC</a>) system commonly used by commercial bookstores,<sup id="cite_ref-plo_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plo-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in an effort to make its libraries more accessible for their users. Several other libraries across the United States<sup id="cite_ref-fister2009_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fister2009-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other countries (including Canada and the Netherlands) followed suit.<sup id="cite_ref-plo_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plo-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment_of_homosexuality">Treatment of homosexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Treatment of homosexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1932, topics relating to <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> were first added to the system under 132 (<a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental derangements</a>) and 159.9 (<a href="/wiki/Abnormal_psychology" title="Abnormal psychology">abnormal psychology</a>). In 1952, homosexuality was also included under 301.424 (the study of <a href="/wiki/Sexes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexes">sexes</a> in society). In 1989, it was added to 363.49 (<a href="/wiki/Social_problems" class="mw-redirect" title="Social problems">social problems</a>), a classification that continues in the current edition.<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2023)">as of?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1996, homosexuality was added to 306.7 (<a href="/wiki/Sexual_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual relations">sexual relations</a>); this remains the preferred location in the current edition. Although books can also be found under 616.8583 (sexual practices viewed as medical disorders), the official direction states:<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Use 616.8583 for homosexuality only when the work treats homosexuality as a medical disorder, or focuses on arguing against the views of those who consider homosexuality to be a medical disorder.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment_of_religion">Treatment of religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Treatment of religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The top-level class for religion heavily favors <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, dedicating nearly all of the 200 division to it: the world's thousands of other religions were listed under the 290s.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Islam is under just DDC 297. The entire 200 section has remained largely unchanged since DDC 1, since restructuring would pose a significant amount of work for existing libraries. The motivation for this change is ideological rather than technical, as appending significant figures can add space as needed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson200222_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson200222-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment_of_women">Treatment of women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Treatment of women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has also been argued by <a href="/wiki/Hope_A._Olson" title="Hope A. Olson">Hope A. Olson</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the placement of topics related to women shows <a href="/wiki/Implicit_bias" class="mw-redirect" title="Implicit bias">implicit bias</a>, but this has been simpler to address than the religion schema. Some changes made so far have been in numerical proximity, altering the placement of topics relative to each other. For example, in older versions of the DDC, some categories regarding women were adjacent to categories on <a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">etiquette</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson20028_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson20028-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the placement of these categories next to each other imposed an association of etiquette with women, rather than treating it as <a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender-neutral">gender-neutral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was changed in DDC version 17, in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson20028_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson20028-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Dewey_and_Library_of_Congress_subject_classification" title="Comparison of Dewey and Library of Congress subject classification">Comparison of Dewey and Library of Congress subject classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">List of Dewey Decimal classes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/dewey/versions/print/intro.pdf">"Introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220609092439/https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/dewey/versions/print/intro.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2022</span>. <q>This Introduction explains the basic principles and structure of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Dewey+Decimal+Classification&rft.pub=OCLC&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Foclc%2Fdewey%2Fversions%2Fprint%2Fintro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span> Section 4.14 of the article states the DDC is "arranged by discipline, not subject"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Consider as an example a book on the network protocol IPv6. It will be located at 004.62, after general networking books (004.6) but before peripherals (004.7). It can thus be placed on the shelf in the correct location.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note that the title makes use of Dewey's "reformed spelling" in some areas.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_Classification&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDewey1876" class="citation cs2">Dewey, Melvil (1876), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12513/12513-h/12513-h.htm"><i>Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Project Gutenberg eBook)</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110175608/https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12513/12513-h/12513-h.htm">archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classification+and+Subject+Index+for+Cataloguing+and+Arranging+the+Books+and+Pamphlets+of+a+Library&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Dewey&rft.aufirst=Melvil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F12513%2F12513-h%2F12513-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chapter 17 in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoudreyTaylorMiller2015" class="citation book cs1">Joudrey, Daniel N.; Taylor, Arlene G.; Miller, David P. (2015). <i>Introduction to Cataloging and Classification</i> (11th ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited/ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-856-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-856-4"><bdi>978-1-59884-856-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Cataloging+and+Classification&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Libraries+Unlimited%2FABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-856-4&rft.aulast=Joudrey&rft.aufirst=Daniel+N.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Arlene+G.&rft.au=Miller%2C+David+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/dewey/default.htm">"Dewey Services"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100131052825/https://www.oclc.org/dewey/default.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2009</span>. <q>Offers library users familiarity and consistency of a time-honored classification system used in 200,000 libraries worldwide</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dewey+Services&rft.pub=OCLC&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fdewey%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/dewey/about/translations/countries.htm">"Countries with libraries that use the DDC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100314035405/https://www.oclc.org/dewey/about/translations/countries.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2009</span>. <q>Libraries in more than 135 countries use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system to organize their collections for their users. [135 countries are listed.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Countries+with+libraries+that+use+the+DDC&rft.pub=OCLC&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fdewey%2Fabout%2Ftranslations%2Fcountries.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiegand1996" class="citation cs2">Wiegand, Wayne A. (1996), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/irrepressibleref00wayn"><i>Irrepressible reformer</i></a></span>, Chicago: American Library Association, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0838906804" title="Special:BookSources/978-0838906804"><bdi>978-0838906804</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL965418M">965418M</a>, 083890680X</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irrepressible+reformer&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=American+Library+Association&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL965418M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0838906804&rft.aulast=Wiegand&rft.aufirst=Wayne+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firrepressibleref00wayn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrajewski2011" class="citation cs2">Krajewski, Markus (2011), <i>Paper machines</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262015899" title="Special:BookSources/9780262015899"><bdi>9780262015899</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25075524M">25075524M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paper+machines&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL25075524M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=9780262015899&rft.aulast=Krajewski&rft.aufirst=Markus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDC1876-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DDC1876_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DDC1876_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDewey1876" class="citation cs2">Dewey, Melvil (1876), <i>A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a ..</i>, [s.n.], <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/78870163">78870163</a>, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23422140M">23422140M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Classification+and+Subject+Index+for+Cataloguing+and+Arranging+the+Books+and+Pamphlets+of+a+..&rft.pub=%5Bs.n.%5D&rft.date=1876&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F78870163&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL23422140M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Dewey&rft.aufirst=Melvil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComaromi1976" class="citation cs2">Comaromi, John P. (1976), <i>The eighteen editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification</i>, Albany, N.Y: Forest Press Division, Lake Placid Education Foundation, p. 43, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-910608-17-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-910608-17-6"><bdi>978-0-910608-17-6</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL4881898M">4881898M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+eighteen+editions+of+the+Dewey+Decimal+Classification&rft.place=Albany%2C+N.Y&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Forest+Press+Division%2C+Lake+Placid+Education+Foundation&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL4881898M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-910608-17-6&rft.aulast=Comaromi&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._Bureau_of_Education.1876" class="citation cs2">United States. Bureau of Education. (1876), <i>Public libraries in the United States of America</i>, Washington: Govt. Print. Off., pp. 623–648, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL15138665M">15138665M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+libraries+in+the+United+States+of+America&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=623-648&rft.pub=Govt.+Print.+Off.&rft.date=1876&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL15138665M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.au=United+States.+Bureau+of+Education.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFComaromi1976">Comaromi (1976)</a>, p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comaromi155-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-comaromi155_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comaromi155_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFComaromi1976">Comaromi (1976)</a>, p. 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-int-archive-summ-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-int-archive-summ_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/decimal18v2dewe"><i>Dewey decimal classification and relative index</i></a>. Internet Archive. 1971. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780910608107" title="Special:BookSources/9780910608107"><bdi>9780910608107</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dewey+decimal+classification+and+relative+index&rft.pub=Internet+Archive&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780910608107&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdecimal18v2dewe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFComaromi1976">Comaromi (1976)</a>, p. 171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maichan-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maichan_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maichan_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maichan_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2007" class="citation cs2">Chan, Lois Mai (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catalogingclassi0000chan/page/321"><i>Cataloging and classification</i></a> (Third ed.), The Scarecrow Press, Inc., p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catalogingclassi0000chan/page/321">321</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5944-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5944-9"><bdi>978-0-8108-5944-9</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL9558667M">9558667M</a>, 0810859440</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cataloging+and+classification&rft.pages=321&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL9558667M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5944-9&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Lois+Mai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcatalogingclassi0000chan%2Fpage%2F321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFComaromi1976">Comaromi (1976)</a>, p. 218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFComaromi1976">Comaromi (1976)</a>, p. 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeline-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/dewey/about/timeline.en.html">"Timeline"</a>. OCLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211224834/https://www.oclc.org/dewey/about/timeline.en.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline&rft.pub=OCLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oclc.org%2Fdewey%2Fabout%2Ftimeline.en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forbes-cutter-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-forbes-cutter_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbeslibrary.org/research/index.php?n=Main.CutterClassification">"Cutter Classification"</a>. <i>Forbes Library Subject Guides</i>. Forbes Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215024557/https://www.forbeslibrary.org/research/index.php?n=Main.CutterClassification">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes+Library+Subject+Guides&rft.atitle=Cutter+Classification&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbeslibrary.org%2Fresearch%2Findex.php%3Fn%3DMain.CutterClassification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFComaromi1976">Comaromi (1976)</a>, pp. 297–313</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFComaromi1976">Comaromi (1976)</a>, p. 321</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFComaromi1976">Comaromi (1976)</a>, p. 376</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFComaromi1976">Comaromi (1976)</a>, p. 381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFComaromi1976">Comaromi (1976)</a>, p. 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCOMAROMI1975" class="citation book cs1">COMAROMI, JOHN P. (1975). <i>The Historical Development of The Dewey Decimal Classification System</i>. Graduate School of Library Science. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2142%2F1778">2142/1778</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780878450442" title="Special:BookSources/9780878450442"><bdi>9780878450442</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Development+of+The+Dewey+Decimal+Classification+System&rft.pub=Graduate+School+of+Library+Science.+University+of+Illinois+at+Urbana-Champaign.&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2142%2F1778&rft.isbn=9780878450442&rft.aulast=COMAROMI&rft.aufirst=JOHN+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChan2007">Chan (2007)</a>, pp. 321–323</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrotter1995" class="citation journal cs1">Trotter, Ross (July 6, 1995). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Trends&rft.atitle=Mapping+Beyond+Dewey%27s+Boundaries%3A+Constructing+Classificatory+Space+for+Marginalized+Knowledge+Domains.&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=233-254&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Hope+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ideals.illinois.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2142%2F8210%2Flibrarytrendsv47i2f_opt.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson20028-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson20028_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson20028_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlson2002">Olson (2002)</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson2002" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Hope A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/883391272"><i>The power to name : locating the limits of subject representation in libraries</i></a>. Dordrecht, The Netherlands. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-017-3435-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-017-3435-6"><bdi>978-94-017-3435-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/883391272">883391272</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+power+to+name+%3A+locating+the+limits+of+subject+representation+in+libraries&rft.place=Dordrecht%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F883391272&rft.isbn=978-94-017-3435-6&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Hope+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F883391272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewey+Decimal+Classification" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dewey_Decimal_System" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dewey Decimal System">Dewey Decimal System</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P1036" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P1036">Dewey Decimal Classification (P1036)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP1036%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P1036%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/en/dewey.html">OCLC's Dewey Decimal website</a></li> <li>Full text of <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%22Dewey+decimal+classification+and+relative+index%22&sort=-date">Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index</a></i> online loan from the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (various editions available)</li> <li>Full text of <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12513">A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library (Dewey Decimal Classification)</a></i> (1876) from <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bisg.org/page/bisacedition">Book Industry Standards and Communications (BISAC) system</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Library classification">Library classification</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bliss_bibliographic_classification" title="Bliss bibliographic classification">Bliss (BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Deer_Classification_System" title="Brian Deer Classification System">Brian Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Library_Classification" title="Chinese Library Classification">Chinese Library (CLC/CCL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CODOC" title="CODOC">CODOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colon_classification" title="Colon classification">Colon (CC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutter_Expansive_Classification" title="Cutter Expansive Classification">Cutter Expansive</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dewey Decimal (DDC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Yenching_Classification" title="Harvard–Yenching Classification">Harvard–Yenching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_decimal_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean decimal classification">Korean decimal (KDC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Classification" title="Library of Congress Classification">Library of Congress (LCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classification_Scheme_for_Chinese_Libraries" title="New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries">New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine_classification" title="National Library of Medicine classification">NLM Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Decimal_Classification" title="Nippon Decimal Classification">Nippon Decimal (NDC)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Library-Bibliographical_Classification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Library-Bibliographical Classification (page does not exist)">Russian Library-Bibliographical Classification (BBK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Documents_Classification" title="Superintendent of Documents Classification">Superintendent of Documents (SuDocs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_library_classification_system" title="Swedish library classification system">Swedish library system (SAB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Decimal_Classification" title="Universal Decimal Classification">Universal Decimal (UDC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_organization" title="Knowledge organization">Knowledge organization</a></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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