CINXE.COM

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class="post_author_name">Tim Keary</span> <div class="investor"> خبير تكنولوجيا </div> <ul> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.linkedin.com/in/tim-keary-7742b1135/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img width="18" height="18" src="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/linkedin.svg" class="skiplazy"></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://twitter.com/tim_keary" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img width="22" height="22" src="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/tw.svg" class="skiplazy"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="author-right"> <p>تيم كيري هو كاتب ومراسل تكنولوجي مستقل يغطي الذكاء الاصطناعي والأمن السيبراني وتكنولوجيا المؤسسات. قبل أن ينضم إلى Techopedia بدوام كامل في عام 2023، ظهرت…</p> <div class="bio-right"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/ar/author/timkearyar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">جميع المقالات من تأليف <strong>Tim Keary</strong></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="author_sec2"> <div class="custom_author_info"> <div class="name_author_out"> <span class="reviewedfact">تم تدقيق الحقائق بواسطة </span><span class="reviewedcl"><a class="jan-author" href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/ar/author/rouakrimi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">رؤى كريمي</a> <div class="authorByline_tooltip reviewedcl_tooltip"> <div class="row text-white"> <div class="author-left"> <img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0558904dfe6c2bf07d74907402568f2?s=80&d=mm&r=g" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0558904dfe6c2bf07d74907402568f2?s%3D160%26d%3Dmm%26r%3Dg 2x" class="avatar avatar-80 photo skiplazy" height="80" width="80" decoding="async"> <div class="author-left-top"><span class="post_author_name">رؤى كريمي</span> <div class="investor review1"> محرر </div> <ul> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.linkedin.com/in/rouakrimi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img width="18" height="18" src="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/linkedin.svg" class="skiplazy"></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://twitter.com/RouaKrimi" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img width="22" height="22" src="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/tw.svg" class="skiplazy"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="author-right"> <p>محررة متخصصة في العملات الرقمية والتداول والتكنولوجيا لديها اثني عشر عاماً من الخبرة في المحتوى والكتابة والترجمة</p> <div class="bio-right"><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/ar/author/rouakrimi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">جميع المقالات من تأليف <strong>رؤى كريمي</strong></a> </div> </div> </div> </div></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="author_sec3"> <div class="authore-update-row"><span class="custom_author_name">تم التحديث بتاريخ</span> <span class="posttim posdate"> <time class="w-post-elm post_date entry-date updated" datetime="2024-08-27">27 أغسطس 2024</time> </span> </div> </div> <div class="custom-share"> <div class="m-tooltip-socail-wrap"> <div class="social-sharing"> <div class="social-sharing-button"><img width="16" height="16" class="social-sharing-button-icon" src="https://www.techopedia.com/ar/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/images/share-top-button.svg" alt="title"> </div> <div class="social-sharing-dropdown"><a class="social-sharing-link" 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300w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/ar/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/02/Surveillance-Artificial-Intelligence-Cybersecurity-A-Laptop-With-an-Eye-1024x512.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1024w,https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/ar/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/02/Surveillance-Artificial-Intelligence-Cybersecurity-A-Laptop-With-an-Eye-768x384.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px"> </div> </figure> <div class="key-box-outer"> <div class="key-box-inner"> <div class="key-box-heading"> النقاط الرئيسية </div> <p>ملحقات المتصفح هي تطبيقات برمجية تضيف ميزات جديدة إلى متصفحات الويب. ولكن هل هي آمنة؟ الإجابة المختصرة هي: هذا يعتمد على.</p> </div> </div> <div class="post-inner thin "> <div class="entry-content"> <h2><span id="i-8"></span></h2> <h2><span id="i-9">ما هي ملحقات المتصفح ؟</span></h2> <p><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/1828/extension?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ملحقات</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> المتصفح، أو </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/4324/plug-in?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">المكونات الإضافية</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">، هي تطبيقات برمجية خفيفة الوزن تضيف ميزات ووظائف جديدة إلى متصفحات الويب.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">تتيح متصفحات الويب الشهيرة مثل جوجل كروم (Google Chrome) و فايرفوكس (Firefox) و مايكروسوفت إيدج (Microsoft Edge) الوصول إلى الملحقات، بما في ذلك آدبلوك (AdBlock) و ترجمة جوجل (Google Translate) و لاست باس (LastPass) و جرامرلي (Grammarly).</span></p> <h2><span id="i-10">مخاطر الأمان والخصوصية مع ملحقات المتصفح</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">ومع ذلك، بينما يقوم ملايين المستخدمين بتنزيل الملحقات لإضافة إمكانات جديدة إلى متصفحات الويب الخاصة بهم، لقد وسعت هذه المكونات </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/33810/attack-surface?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">سطح الهجوم</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">، مما يوفر للمتسللين نقطة دخول جديدة إلى بيئة المستخدم.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">في الواقع، العديد من الملحقات الأكثر استخدامًا لها نقاط ضعف تجعلها مهددة بالخطر.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">على سبيل المثال، اكتشف أحد الباحثين أن معظم ملحقات متصفح كروم الأكثر شيوعًا تستخدم واجهة برمجة التطبيقات (chrome.webRequest)، والتي تعتبر خطرًا “جدياً” </span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cybernews.com/security/chrome-extensions-see-everything-cybersecurity-expert/" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">يمكن استغلاله لاعتراض البيانات أو بيانات تسجيل الدخول والوصول إلى الملفات المحلية</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">وبالمثل، سلط محللو ماكافي (McAfee) الضوء العام الماضي على خمسة من الملحقات الشهيرة لمتصفح كروم, والتي تم تنزيلها أكثر من 1.4 مليون مرة، كانت </span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/chrome-extensions-with-14-million-installs-steal-browsing-data/" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">تسرق نشاط تصفح المستخدمين</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">فهل ملحقات المتصفح آمنة إذاً؟</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">يمكن أن تكون الإجابة نعم ولا.</span></p> <h2><span id="i-11">إذن، ما هو الخطر ؟</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">على الرغم من أن ملحقات المتصفح تحتوي غالبًا على أدوات مفيدة، يجب على المستخدمين أن يكونوا على دراية بالمخاطر المحيطة بهم إذا كانوا يريدون حماية بياناتهم.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">تتمثل إحدى المشكلات الأكثر شيوعًا في أن الجهات الفاعلة المهددة ستطور ملحقات متصفح تحمل </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/4015/malicious-software-malware?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">برامج ضارة</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> وتحاول خداع المستخدمين لتنزيل البرنامج لإصابة أجهزتهم عن طريق وضعها في الأسواق عبر الإنترنت أو </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/4016/malvertising?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">الإعلانات المضللة</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. يمكن أيضًا تثبيت هذه الامتدادات إذا كان جهاز المستخدم مصابًا بالفعل ببرامج ضارة.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">ومع ذلك، ربما يكون الخطر الأكبر الذي تشكله ملحقات المتصفح هو حقيقة أن العديد منها مبني بمكونات برمجية ونقاط ضعف يمكن استغلالها بسهولة.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">على سبيل المثال، قام سبين ايه آي (Spin.AI) بتقييم 300,000 ملحق متصفح ووجد أن </span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.securitymagazine.com/articles/99799-cybersecurity-risks-found-in-browser-extensions" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">كل منها لديه القدرة على التقاط البيانات الحساسة من التطبيقات</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">، وتشغيل </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/3929/javascript-js?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">جافاسكريبت</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (JavaScript) ضار، وإرسال البيانات المحمية مثل بيانات اعتماد تسجيل الدخول والتفاصيل المصرفية إلى أطراف ثالثة.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">يعني انتشار نقاط الضعف هذه أن المزيد والمزيد من الجهات المهددة تبحث بنشاط إلى طرق استهداف متصفحات الويب للوصول إلى البيانات الشخصية للمستخدم.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">إذا تمكن المتسلل من استغلال هذه المكونات، فيمكنه اتخاذ إجراءات ضارة، بما في ذلك:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">مراقبة </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/how-to/how-to-clear-your-search-history-in-any-browser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">سجل المتصفح</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> للمستخدم</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">تتبع </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/4667/keystroke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ضغطات المفاتيح</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">التقاط لقطات شاشة</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">نشر تحديثات ضارة</span></li> </ul> <h2><span id="i-12">مخاطر خاصة بالمؤسسات</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">تؤدي امتدادات المتصفح غير الآمنة أيضًا إلى بعض المخاطر الجسيمة للمؤسسات التي تفتقر إلى الرؤية حول الملحقات الموجودة في بيئاتها.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">مع وجود المزيد والمزيد من المؤسسات التي تعمل في بيئات عمل </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-hybrid-workforce/2/34583?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">هجينة</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> أو عن بُعد مع سياسات </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/29070/bring-your-own-device-byod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">إحضار جهازك الخاص</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (BYOD)، من الصعب تحديد الملحقات التي يستخدمها الموظفون، وبالتالي، المكونات القابلة للاستغلال هي جزء من سطح الهجوم.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">لجعل الأمور أكثر تعقيدًا، فإن الشركات أيضًا تحت رحمة ممارسات </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/24747/cybersecurity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">الأمن السيبراني</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> الفردية للمستخدم. هذا يعني أنه إذا قام المستخدم بتنزيل الكثير من الإضافات بمكونات ضعيفة، أو فشل في تحديثها، أو تنزيل محتوى من مواقع ويب غير قانونية، فيمكنه بدء عدوى برامج ضارة تؤثر على مؤسسة بأكملها.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">أفضل دفاع لهذه المؤسسات ضد هذه التهديدات هو تثقيف الموظفين حول كيفية اختيار الملحقات واتباع الخطوات الموثوقة التي يمكنهم اتخاذها للاستمتاع بتجربة تصفح أكثر أمانًا.</span></p> <h2><span id="i-13">كيفية استخدام ملحقات المتصفح بأمان</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">لحسن الحظ، هناك عدد من الطرق لتقليل المخاطر التي تتعرض لها عند تنزيل ملحقات المتصفح.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">الأول هو التأكد من أنك تقوم فقط بتنزيل ملحقات المتصفح من مواقع الويب والأسواق المعتمدة مثل </span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chrome.google.com/webstore" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">متجر كروم</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Chrome Web Store).</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">سيقدم العديد من مقدمي الخدمة تقييمات، لذلك إذا كانت متاحة، فمن الجيد التحقق منها للحصول على فكرة عن جودتها. يمكنك أيضًا التحقق من موقع الويب الخاص بالمطور لمعرفة من أنتج المكون.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">سترغب أيضًا في التأكد من فهمك لمستوى الأذونات التي يتمتع بها، لأن هذا سيحدد مقدار بياناتك التي يمكنه الوصول إليها.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">أفضل ممارسة أخرى هي التأكد من أنك تقوم بتحديث جهاز الكمبيوتر بانتظام بأحدث </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/definition/24537/patch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">تصحيحات الأمان</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> المتاحة. سيقلل هذا من تعرضك لنقاط الضعف عموماً.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">أخيرًا، يمكن أن يساعدك </span><a href="https://www-techopedia-com.translate.goog/antivirus/best-antivirus-software?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">استخدام مضاد الفيروسات</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> في مسح ملحقات متصفح الويب بحثًا عن أي برامج ضارة حتى تتمكن من تحديد ما إذا كان جهازك قد تعرض للاختراق والاستجابة في أسرع وقت ممكن.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">كقاعدة عامة، إذا كنت لا تستخدم ملحقًا، فمن الأفضل حذفه لتقليل نقاط الدخول المحتملة إلى جهازك.</span></p> <h2><span id="i-14">خلاصة القول</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">بينما تمثل ملحقات المتصفح مخاطر معينة، يمكن تجنب العديد منها بمجرد إعطاء العناية الواجبة والانتقائية في الملحقات التي تقوم بتنزيلها.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">إن التأكد من أنك تستخدم الأدوات التي طورها مقدمو خدمات موثوق بهم فقط واختيار حذف الملحقات غير الضرورية يمكن أن يقطع شوطًا طويلاً نحو 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