CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="UTF-8"/><title>The First Seminole War begins in Florida | November 21, 1817 | HISTORY</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins"/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/><meta name="og:date" content="2024-11-23T13:09:31"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.history.com/editorial/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.history.com/editorial/icons/favicon-32x32.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.history.com/editorial/icons/favicon-16x16.png"/><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#1d428a"/><link rel="icon" href="https://www.history.com/editorial/favicon.ico"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:title" content="The First Seminole War begins in Florida | November 21, 1817 | HISTORY"/><meta property="og:description" content="On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its […]"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="HISTORY"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="91CWuHRY6kFZq2UzVQsD1stdYEf2zriY8lTCLFzfOmk"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="20"/><link rel="preload" href="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/css/58f37e6474709f47.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/css/58f37e6474709f47.css" data-n-g=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-78c92fac7aa8fdd8.js"></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/webpack-419d6ac5135933bc.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/framework-b30a29c13e791e99.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/main-85148ef296e2eb9e.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-57917109110be46a.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/f69f8334-6c806334caaad36b.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/vendors-node_modules_aenetworks_ui-standard_TopBar_index_js-node_modules_next_head_js-node_mo-75baeb-b3ce84c6135b3702.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/vendors-node_modules_aenetworks_theoplayer_EditorialPlayerFull_index_js-2a2a737bb4390e1a.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/vendors-node_modules_cookies-next_lib_index_js-node_modules_overlayscrollbars-react_overlaysc-e7638d-bf3dace3bf2c486f.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/components_layout_index_tsx-c23caab7c8966987.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/assets_icons_point-right_js-components_image_index_tsx-components_page-breadcrumbs_index_tsx--ad7d73-b1b44eb3c038d2eb.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/components_author-name_index_tsx-components_card-grid_index_tsx-components_image-credit_index-a86010-8377a3f886449b96.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/components_signup-banner_index_tsx-components_video-player_index_tsx-df2ebdbbcfa277d8.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/components_article-content_index_js-components_topic-footer_index_tsx-115b746699145d73.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/components_tdih-header_index_tsx-components_this-day-in-history-featured_index_tsx-components-96abab-57387149021a700f.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/chunks/pages/this-day-in-history/%5Bslug%5D-6603157450575219.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/zQ071g4z-1OJvlBLY3TcS/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/static/zQ071g4z-1OJvlBLY3TcS/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script></head><body><script type="text/javascript">window.__state__ = "%_PREVIEW_STATE_%"; window.__previewid__ = "%_PREVIEW_ID_%";</script><div id="__next"><noscript><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=3005002&cs_ucfr=1&cv=3.6&cj=1" alt=""></noscript><header class="Component-root-0-1-13 Component-colorCover-0-1-15 Component-positionSticky-0-1-19 Component-appBar-0-1-2 site-header" id="skip-to-content"><button class="Component-skipToContent-0-1-12" tabindex="0" type="button">Skip to content</button><div class="Component-brandWrapper-0-1-6 site-header__brand-wrapper"><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeText-0-1-31 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-logoWrapper-0-1-7" data-testid="typography" aria-label="History" href="/"><div class="Component-brand-0-1-3 site-header__brand" tabindex="-1" data-big-logo="false"><img class="Component-brandLogo-0-1-5" src="/assets/images/history/logo.svg" alt="History Logo"/></div></a></div><div class="Component-root-0-1-72 Component-justifyAround-0-1-78 Component-root-0-1-66 Component-navBar-0-1-8 site-header__nav" data-test-id="navigation-bar"><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeText-0-1-31 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-itemWrapper-0-1-67 Component-navBarItemWrapper-0-1-11 site-header__nav-item-wrapper" data-testid="typography" href="https://www.history.com/shows"><span data-current="false" class="Component-item-0-1-68 Component-navBarItem-0-1-9 site-header__nav-item" tabindex="-1">Shows</span></a><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeText-0-1-31 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-itemWrapper-0-1-67 Component-navBarItemWrapper-0-1-11 site-header__nav-item-wrapper" data-testid="typography" href="/this-day-in-history"><span data-current="false" class="Component-item-0-1-68 Component-navBarItem-0-1-9 site-header__nav-item" tabindex="-1">This Day In History</span></a><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeText-0-1-31 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-itemWrapper-0-1-67 Component-navBarItemWrapper-0-1-11 site-header__nav-item-wrapper" data-testid="typography" href="https://www.history.com/schedule"><span data-current="false" class="Component-item-0-1-68 Component-navBarItem-0-1-9 site-header__nav-item" tabindex="-1">Schedule</span></a><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeText-0-1-31 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-itemWrapper-0-1-67 Component-navBarItemWrapper-0-1-11 site-header__nav-item-wrapper" data-testid="typography" href="/topics"><span data-current="false" class="Component-item-0-1-68 Component-navBarItem-0-1-9 site-header__nav-item" tabindex="-1">Topics</span></a><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeText-0-1-31 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-itemWrapper-0-1-67 Component-navBarItemWrapper-0-1-11 site-header__nav-item-wrapper" data-testid="typography" href="/news"><span data-current="false" class="Component-item-0-1-68 Component-navBarItem-0-1-9 site-header__nav-item" tabindex="-1">Stories</span></a></div><div class="Component-actionWrapper-0-1-1 site-header__action"><ul class="site-header__secondary-nav"><li><a href="https://play.history.com/channel/ancient-aliens-fan-favorites" class="site-header__nav-item-wrapper site-header__nav-item-wrapper--record"><span class="site-header__nav-item">History Classics</span></a></li><li><a href="https://play.history.com/live" class="site-header__nav-item-wrapper site-header__nav-item-wrapper--play"><span class="site-header__nav-item">Live TV</span></a></li><li class="site-header__profile"><a href="/profile/information">Your Profile</a></li></ul><div class="site-header__icons"><div class="site-header__search"><form class="search__form" aria-hidden="true" method="GET" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="https://www.history.com/search" role="search" id="header-search-form"><input type="text" id="q" name="q" required="" aria-label="Search" enterKeyHint="search" tabindex="-1"/><button class="search__submit icon-button" aria-label="Submit search" tabindex="-1" type="submit"><svg viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.9 10.45a6.45 6.45 0 10-12.9 0 6.45 6.45 0 0012.9 0zm3 0a9.45 9.45 0 10-18.9 0 9.45 9.45 0 0018.9 0z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M15.69 16.214a1.5 1.5 0 012.12 0l5.25 5.25a1.5 1.5 0 01-2.12 2.122l-5.25-5.25a1.5 1.5 0 010-2.122z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><button class="search__close icon-button" id="search-menu-action" aria-label="Close search" aria-controls="header-search-form" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" type="button"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></form><button class="site-header__search-button icon-button" id="search-header-action" aria-label="Search" aria-controls="header-search-form" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" type="button"><svg viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.9 10.45a6.45 6.45 0 10-12.9 0 6.45 6.45 0 0012.9 0zm3 0a9.45 9.45 0 10-18.9 0 9.45 9.45 0 0018.9 0z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M15.69 16.214a1.5 1.5 0 012.12 0l5.25 5.25a1.5 1.5 0 01-2.12 2.122l-5.25-5.25a1.5 1.5 0 010-2.122z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div><button type="button" class="site-header__menu-button icon-button" id="menu-trigger" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="site-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open menu"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><path fill="currentColor" d="M1 4h22v3H1zM1 16h22v3H1zM1 10h22v3H1z"></path></svg></button></div></div></header><div id="site-menu" class="site-navigation" role="dialog" aria-label="Navigation" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><button type="button" class="site-navigation__close-button icon-button" aria-label="Close menu"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="56" height="56"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div class="site-navigation-panel"><div class="site-navigation-panel__profile">Your Profile</div><div class="site-navigation-panel__left"><div class="site-navigation-panel__logo"><a class="site-navigation-panel__logo-link" aria-label="History" href="/"><img src="/assets/images/history/logo.svg" alt="" height="60" width="52" loading="lazy"/><span class="site-navigation-panel__logo-text" aria-hidden="true">History</span></a></div><ul class="site-navigation-panel__social"><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/History" class="site-navigation-panel__social-link site-navigation-panel__social-link--facebook" rel="me noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/history" class="site-navigation-panel__social-link site-navigation-panel__social-link--twitter" rel="me noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=historychannel" class="site-navigation-panel__social-link site-navigation-panel__social-link--youtube" rel="me noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li><a href="http://instagram.com/history" class="site-navigation-panel__social-link site-navigation-panel__social-link--instagram" rel="me noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@history" class="site-navigation-panel__social-link site-navigation-panel__social-link--tiktok" rel="me noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window)</span></a></li></ul><div class="site-navigation-panel__email-signup"><a href="/emails/sign-up" target="_blank">Email Updates<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="22" width="22"><path d="M20 4H4C2.9 4 2.01 4.9 2.01 6L2 18C2 19.1 2.9 20 4 20H20C21.1 20 22 19.1 22 18V6C22 4.9 21.1 4 20 4ZM20 18H4V8L12 13L20 8V18ZM12 11L4 6H20L12 11Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></div></div><ul class="site-navigation-panel__menu"><li class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item-wrapper"><a class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item" href="https://play.history.com/live">Live TV</a></li><li class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item-wrapper"><a class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item" href="https://play.history.com/channel/ancient-aliens-fan-favorites">History Classics</a></li><li class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item-wrapper"><a class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item" href="https://www.history.com/shows">Shows</a></li><li class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item-wrapper"><a class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history">This Day In History</a></li><li class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item-wrapper"><a class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item" href="https://www.history.com/schedule">Schedule</a></li><li class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item-wrapper"><a class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item" href="https://www.history.com/topics">Topics</a></li><li class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item-wrapper"><a class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item" href="https://www.history.com/news">Stories</a></li><li class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item-wrapper"><a class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item" href="https://www.history.com/videos">Videos</a></li><li class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item-wrapper"><a class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item" href="https://www.history.com/podcasts">History Podcasts</a></li><li class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item-wrapper"><a class="site-navigation-panel__menu-item" href="https://www.historyvault.com/?cmpid=HV_O_Site_H_Menu">History Vault</a></li></ul></div></div><span id="skip-to-content"></span><main id="maincontent" class="main-content"><header class="tdih-header"><div class="container"><div class="tdih-header__left"><nav class="page-breadcrumbs" aria-label="You are here:"><ol class="page-breadcrumbs__list"><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item"><a href="/">Home</a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item"><a href="/this-day-in-history">This Day in History</a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item"><a href="/this-day-in-history/day/november-21">November 21</a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" aria-current="page">The First Seminole War begins in Florida</li></ol></nav><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.history.com"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"This Day in History","item":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"November 21","item":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/day/november-21"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida"}]}</script><p class="tdih-header__title">This Day In History<span class="screen-reader-text">: November 21</span></p></div><div class="tdih-header__right"><div class="tdih-header__current" aria-hidden="true">November | 21</div><form class="tdih-calendar hide-print"><label for="tdih-calendar-date" class="tdih-calendar__label">Choose another date<span class="screen-reader-text">Current one is: November 21. Enter a date in the format M/D (e.g., 1/1)</span></label><div class="tdih-calendar-group"><p class="screen-reader-text" id="calendar-instruction">Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. You can navigate days by using left and right arrows</p><input id="tdih-calendar-date" name="date" class="tdih-calendar__input" placeholder="M/D" pattern="\d{1,2}\/\d{1,2}" required=""/><button class="tdih-calendar__button" aria-label="Open Calendar" aria-expanded="false" type="button"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><path fill="currentColor" d="M6 2v2H5c-1.093 0-2 .907-2 2v14c0 1.093.907 2 2 2h14c1.093 0 2-.907 2-2V6c0-1.093-.907-2-2-2h-1V2h-2v2H8V2H6ZM5 9h14v11H5V9Zm7 4v5h5v-5h-5Z"></path></svg></button><div class="tdih-calendar__calendar" aria-hidden="true"><div class="calendar__wrapper"><div class="calendar__header"><button type="button" class="calendar__month-button" aria-label="Show days for previous month: October"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><path d="M15.428 22a1.52 1.52 0 0 1-1.111-.488L6.46 13.178a1.738 1.738 0 0 1 0-2.356l7.857-8.334a1.508 1.508 0 0 1 2.222 0 1.738 1.738 0 0 1 0 2.357L9.793 12l6.747 7.156a1.739 1.739 0 0 1 0 2.357c-.307.325-.71.487-1.112.487Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div class="calendar__month" aria-live="polite">November</div><button type="button" class="calendar__month-button" aria-label="Show days for next month: December"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="20" height="20"><path d="M7.714 22c-.439 0-.877-.163-1.212-.488a1.633 1.633 0 0 1 0-2.357l7.362-7.154-7.362-7.156a1.633 1.633 0 0 1 0-2.357 1.749 1.749 0 0 1 2.424 0l8.572 8.333c.67.651.67 1.706 0 2.357L8.926 21.51c-.334.329-.773.49-1.212.49Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div><table class="calendar__table"><tbody><tr><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 1">1</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 2">2</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 3">3</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 4">4</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 5">5</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 6">6</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 7">7</button></td></tr><tr><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 8">8</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 9">9</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 10">10</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 11">11</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 12">12</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 13">13</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 14">14</button></td></tr><tr><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 15">15</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 16">16</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 17">17</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 18">18</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 19">19</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 20">20</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="0" aria-label="See this day in history November 21">21</button></td></tr><tr><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 22">22</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 23">23</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 24">24</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 25">25</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 26">26</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 27">27</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 28">28</button></td></tr><tr><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 29">29</button></td><td><button type="button" class="calendar__day-button" aria-describedby="calendar-instruction" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See this day in history November 30">30</button></td></tr></tbody></table></div><button class="button has-dark-background-color calendar__today-button" type="button">Today</button></div></div></form></div></div></header><article class="article article--this-day-in-history" id="78150"><div class="tdih-featured"><figure class="__image-fit image-fit is-fallback"><div class="__image-contain image-fit__image-contain" aria-hidden="true"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="__image image-fit__image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/><noscript><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover" class="__image image-fit__image" src="https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/history-article-default.desktop.jpg"/></noscript></span></div></figure><div class="tdih-featured__content"><div class="featured-content-card featured-content-card__content"><p class="featured-content-card__eyebrow tdih-featured__year"><a aria-label="This year in history archive: 1817" link-name="1817" href="/this-day-in-history/year/1817">1817</a></p><h1 class="featured-content-card__title"><span class="tdih-featured__title">The First Seminole War begins in Florida</span></h1></div><figure class="tdih-featured__image-container hide-print"><div class="tdih-featured__image-link"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;padding-top:56.25%"></span><img alt="" sizes="(min-width: 1255px) 741px, (min-width: 850px) calc(60vw - 2.5rem), 100vw" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="responsive" class="tdih-featured__featured-image tdih-featured__featured-image--mobile" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/></span><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" sizes="(min-width: 1255px) 741px, (min-width: 850px) calc(60vw - 2.5rem), 100vw" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-featured__featured-image tdih-featured__featured-image--desktop" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/></span></div></figure></div></div><div class="article-content-box"><div class="article-content content"><p>On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its Florida territory to the United States.</p><p>When the soldiers first arrived at Fowltown, they demanded that <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/seminole-wars/">Seminole chief Neamathla</a> surrender himself, because U.S. officials believed he had been responsible for the murder of several Georgia families. When Neamathla refused, the soldiers killed the 20 Seminoles, then plundered and burned the town. </p><p>But reprisal was only the short-term goal. <a href="https://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/fortscott1.html">Fort Scott</a> had been built as a military base on the Georgia/Florida border to facilitate actions against local Creek and Seminole Indians, who were seen as an obstacle to American settlement of the land. Southern militias had long conducted raids of Seminole territory (in northern Florida and southern Georgia), looking to steal land or livestock—or to stem the steady tide of Black people escaping enslavement and finding refuge with Seminoles. Many of the Indigenous and formerly enslaved people had sided with the British in the War of 1812, further antagonizing the Americans.</p><div class="block-story-grid"><div class="card-grid is-style-2-col"><div class="card-grid__container"><article class="card-grid-item"><a aria-label="American‑Indian Wars" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="card-grid-item__link" link-name="" href="/topics/native-american-history/american-indian-wars"><figure class="card-grid-item__image-fit image-fit is-fallback"><div class="card-grid-item__image-contain image-fit__image-contain" aria-hidden="true"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="card-grid-item__image image-fit__image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/><noscript><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover" class="card-grid-item__image image-fit__image" src="https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/history-article-default.desktop.jpg"/></noscript></span></div></figure></a><div class="card-grid-item__contain"><a class="card-grid-item__title-link" link-name="American‑Indian Wars - Between 1622 and the late 19th century, a series of wars and skirmishes known as the Indian Wars took place between American Indians and European settlers, mainly over land control." href="/topics/native-american-history/american-indian-wars"><h2 class="card-grid-item__title">American‑Indian Wars</h2><p class="card-grid-item__excerpt">Between 1622 and the late 19th century, a series of wars and skirmishes known as the Indian Wars took place between American Indians and European settlers, mainly over land control.</p><div class="card-grid-item__cta"><span class="button is-style-standalone has-icon">Read more<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="18" height="18" class="card-grid-item__cta-icon"><path d="M17.0297 4.72031L23.7797 11.4703C23.925 11.6156 24 11.8078 24 11.9578C24 12.1078 23.9268 12.3416 23.7803 12.488L17.0303 19.238C16.7373 19.5309 16.2624 19.5309 15.9699 19.238C15.6774 18.945 15.677 18.4702 15.9699 18.1777L21.4403 12.7073H0.75C0.335438 12.7073 0 12.3719 0 11.9995C0 11.585 0.335438 11.2495 0.75 11.2495H21.4406L15.9703 5.77921C15.6773 5.48625 15.6773 5.0114 15.9703 4.7189C16.2633 4.4264 16.7391 4.42687 17.0297 4.72031Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div></a></div></article><article class="card-grid-item"><a aria-label="How Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="card-grid-item__link" link-name="" href="/news/trail-of-tears-conditions-cherokee"><figure class="card-grid-item__image-fit image-fit is-fallback"><div class="card-grid-item__image-contain image-fit__image-contain" aria-hidden="true"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="card-grid-item__image image-fit__image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/><noscript><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover" class="card-grid-item__image image-fit__image" src="https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/history-article-default.desktop.jpg"/></noscript></span></div></figure></a><div class="card-grid-item__contain"><a class="card-grid-item__title-link" link-name="How Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears - Severe exposure, starvation and disease ravaged tribes during their forced migration to present‑day Oklahoma." href="/news/trail-of-tears-conditions-cherokee"><h2 class="card-grid-item__title">How Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears</h2><p class="card-grid-item__excerpt">Severe exposure, starvation and disease ravaged tribes during their forced migration to present‑day Oklahoma.</p><div class="card-grid-item__cta"><span class="button is-style-standalone has-icon">Read more<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="18" height="18" class="card-grid-item__cta-icon"><path d="M17.0297 4.72031L23.7797 11.4703C23.925 11.6156 24 11.8078 24 11.9578C24 12.1078 23.9268 12.3416 23.7803 12.488L17.0303 19.238C16.7373 19.5309 16.2624 19.5309 15.9699 19.238C15.6774 18.945 15.677 18.4702 15.9699 18.1777L21.4403 12.7073H0.75C0.335438 12.7073 0 12.3719 0 11.9995C0 11.585 0.335438 11.2495 0.75 11.2495H21.4406L15.9703 5.77921C15.6773 5.48625 15.6773 5.0114 15.9703 4.7189C16.2633 4.4264 16.7391 4.42687 17.0297 4.72031Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div></a></div></article></div></div></div><p>The Fowltown attack prompted its own <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Seminole-War#:~:text=In%20retaliation%2C%20a%20group%20of%20Seminoles%20laid%20siege%20to%20a%20boat%20carrying%20reinforcements%20to%20Fort%20Scott%20on%20the%20Apalachicola%20River%20and%20killed%2043%20men%2C%20women%2C%20and%20children.">retaliation</a> and ongoing skirmishes, escalating bloodshed—and tensions—for the good part of a year. </p><p>Within weeks after the Fowltown attack, General Andrew Jackson took command of area troops, with the goal of increasing U.S. control over the region. He led invasions of Seminole territory, pushing the Indigenous people further south into Spanish-controlled Florida, and forcing some into the Okefenokee Swamp. Jackson’s forces then proceeded to destroy Seminole villages, Spanish forts and British-owned plantations.</p><p>While Spain initially opposed America’s military presence in Florida, to avoid further conflict, it eventually decided to <a href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-u-s-acquires-spanish-florida">cede its territories there</a> to the United States in February 1819. And while Americans kept pushing relentlessly to remove the Seminoles from their ancestral lands, they kept on fighting, prompting the Second Seminole War in 1835–42 and the Third Seminole War in 1855–58.</p><div class="block-banner light-section"><div class="block-banner__image"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover" sizes="(min-width: 850px) 400px, 72px" srcSet="https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=16&quality=75&auto=webp 16w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=32&quality=75&auto=webp 32w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=48&quality=75&auto=webp 48w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=64&quality=75&auto=webp 64w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=96&quality=75&auto=webp 96w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=128&quality=75&auto=webp 128w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=256&quality=75&auto=webp 256w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=392&quality=75&auto=webp 392w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=640&quality=75&auto=webp 640w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=750&quality=75&auto=webp 750w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=828&quality=75&auto=webp 828w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=1080&quality=75&auto=webp 1080w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=1248&quality=75&auto=webp 1248w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=1920&quality=75&auto=webp 1920w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=2048&quality=75&auto=webp 2048w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp 3840w" src="https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp"/></noscript></span></div><div class="block-banner__content"><h2 class="block-banner__heading">HISTORY Vault: Native American History</h2><div class="block-banner__text"><p>From Comanche warriors to Navajo code talkers, learn more about Indigenous history.</p></div><div class="block-banner__cta"><a class="button has-dark-background-color" href="https://watch.historyvault.com/list/native-american-history" target="_self" rel="noreferrer">WATCH NOW</a></div></div></div></div><footer class="article-footer article-footer--topic"><div class="author-byline article__contained has-elevation"><div class="byline__content"><div class="byline__information"><div class="byline__author-wrapper"><p class="byline__author"><span aria-hidden="true">By: </span><a aria-label="Read more articles from History.com Editors" link-name="History.com Editors" href="/author/history">History.com Editors</a></p></div><div class="byline__description"><p><a href="http://history.com/">HISTORY.com</a> works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Articles with the “HISTORY.com Editors” byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including <a href="https://www.history.com/author/amanda-onion">Amanda Onion</a>, <a href="https://www.history.com/author/missy-sullivan">Missy Sullivan</a>, <a href="https://www.history.com/author/matt-mullen">Matt Mullen</a> and Christian Zapata.</p> </div></div></div></div><hr/><div></div><div class="container--article-wide"><div class="article-footer__facts-citation"><aside class="article-sources"><h2 class="article-sources__title">Citation Information</h2><dl class="article-sources__list"><div class="article-sources__pair"><dt class="article-sources__pair-title">Article Title</dt><dd class="article-sources__pair-description">The First Seminole War begins in Florida</dd></div><div class="article-sources__pair"><dt class="article-sources__pair-title">Author</dt><dd class="article-sources__pair-description"><a class="article-header__author" aria-label="Read more articles from History.com Editors" link-name="History.com Editors" href="/author/history">History.com Editors</a></dd></div><div class="article-sources__pair"><dt class="article-sources__pair-title">Website Name</dt><dd class="article-sources__pair-description">HISTORY</dd></div><div class="article-sources__pair"><dt class="article-sources__pair-title">URL</dt><dd class="article-sources__pair-description"><a href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins">https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins</a></dd></div><div class="article-sources__pair"><dt class="article-sources__pair-title">Date Accessed</dt><dd class="article-sources__pair-description">November 27, 2024</dd></div><div class="article-sources__pair"><dt class="article-sources__pair-title">Publisher</dt><dd class="article-sources__pair-description">A&E Television Networks</dd></div><div class="article-sources__pair"><dt class="article-sources__pair-title">Last Updated</dt><dd class="article-sources__pair-description">November 23, 2024</dd></div><div class="article-sources__pair"><dt class="article-sources__pair-title">Original Published Date</dt><dd class="article-sources__pair-description">November 23, 2024</dd></div></dl></aside><div class="article-footer__facts-wrapper"><aside class="article-fact-check"><h2 class="article-fact-check__title">Fact Check</h2><p class="article-fact-check__copy">We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, <a href="mailto:support@history.zendesk.com?subject=Fact%20Check%20-%20The%20First%20Seminole%20War%20begins%20in%20Florida&body=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%0AReferring%20URL%3A%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Ffirst-seminole-war-begins%0A%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94">click here</a> to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.</p></aside><button class="button has-icon button--print has-elevation hide-print" type="button" aria-label="Print this page"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" title="Print" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path d="M19 7.5H5C3.34 7.5 2 8.84 2 10.5V16.5H6V20.5H18V16.5H22V10.5C22 8.84 20.66 7.5 19 7.5ZM16 18.5H8V13.5H16V18.5ZM19 11.5C18.45 11.5 18 11.05 18 10.5C18 9.95 18.45 9.5 19 9.5C19.55 9.5 20 9.95 20 10.5C20 11.05 19.55 11.5 19 11.5ZM18 2.5H6V6.5H18V2.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="">Print Page</span></button></div></div></div></footer></div></article><div class="tdih-posts"><h2 class="tdih-posts__title">Also on This Day in History <span class="tdih-posts__title-date">November | 21</span></h2><hr class="wp-block-separator has-background has-grey-color alignfull"/><div class="tdih-posts-grid"><article class="tdih-posts-grid__article has-elevation"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" sizes="(min-width: 1248px) 384px, (min-width: 850px) calc(33.33vw - 2.5rem), (min-width: 636px) calc(50vw - 2.5rem), calc(100vw - 2.5rem)" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=392&q=75 392w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></noscript></span><h3 class="tdih-posts-grid__article-title"><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-link" link-name="This Day in History Video: What Happened on November 21" href="/this-day-in-history/november-21-video">This Day in History Video: What Happened on November 21</a></h3><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-meta" aria-label="Read more articles on Art, Literature and Film History" link-name="Art, Literature and Film History" href="/topics/art-history"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10.5 2L6.5 13H11.5L8 22H9.5L17.5 11H13L17 2H10.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>Art, Literature and Film History</a></article><article class="tdih-posts-grid__article has-elevation"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" sizes="(min-width: 1248px) 384px, (min-width: 850px) calc(33.33vw - 2.5rem), (min-width: 636px) calc(50vw - 2.5rem), calc(100vw - 2.5rem)" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=392&q=75 392w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F07%2Fthomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></noscript></span><span class="tdih-posts-grid__article-year"><a aria-label="This year in history archive: 1877" link-name="1877" href="/this-day-in-history/year/1877">1877</a></span><h3 class="tdih-posts-grid__article-title"><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-link" link-name=""Scientific American" announces Thomas Edison's "wonderful invention"—the phonograph" href="/this-day-in-history/edisons-first-great-invention">"Scientific American" announces Thomas Edison's "wonderful invention"—the phonograph</a></h3><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-meta" aria-label="Read more articles on Inventions & Science" link-name="Inventions & Science" href="/topics/inventions"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10.5 2L6.5 13H11.5L8 22H9.5L17.5 11H13L17 2H10.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>Inventions & Science</a></article><article class="tdih-posts-grid__article has-elevation"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" sizes="(min-width: 1248px) 384px, (min-width: 850px) calc(33.33vw - 2.5rem), (min-width: 636px) calc(50vw - 2.5rem), calc(100vw - 2.5rem)" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=392&q=75 392w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></noscript></span><span class="tdih-posts-grid__article-year"><a aria-label="This year in history archive: 1934" link-name="1934" href="/this-day-in-history/year/1934">1934</a></span><h3 class="tdih-posts-grid__article-title"><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-link" link-name="Ella Fitzgerald wins Amateur Night at Harlem’s Apollo Theater" href="/this-day-in-history/ella-fitzgerald-wins-amateur-night-at-harlems-apollo-theater">Ella Fitzgerald wins Amateur Night at Harlem’s Apollo Theater</a></h3><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-meta" aria-label="Read more articles on Art, Literature and Film History" link-name="Art, Literature and Film History" href="/topics/art-history"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10.5 2L6.5 13H11.5L8 22H9.5L17.5 11H13L17 2H10.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>Art, Literature and Film History</a></article><article class="tdih-posts-grid__article has-elevation"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" sizes="(min-width: 1248px) 384px, (min-width: 850px) calc(33.33vw - 2.5rem), (min-width: 636px) calc(50vw - 2.5rem), calc(100vw - 2.5rem)" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=392&q=75 392w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></noscript></span><span class="tdih-posts-grid__article-year"><a aria-label="This year in history archive: 1783" link-name="1783" href="/this-day-in-history/year/1783">1783</a></span><h3 class="tdih-posts-grid__article-title"><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-link" link-name="Men fly over Paris in hot air balloon" href="/this-day-in-history/men-fly-over-paris">Men fly over Paris in hot air balloon</a></h3><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-meta" aria-label="Read more articles on European History" link-name="European History" href="/topics/european-history"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10.5 2L6.5 13H11.5L8 22H9.5L17.5 11H13L17 2H10.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>European History</a></article><article class="tdih-posts-grid__article has-elevation"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" sizes="(min-width: 1248px) 384px, (min-width: 850px) calc(33.33vw - 2.5rem), (min-width: 636px) calc(50vw - 2.5rem), calc(100vw - 2.5rem)" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=392&q=75 392w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2Fthis-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></noscript></span><span class="tdih-posts-grid__article-year"><a aria-label="This year in history archive: 1980" link-name="1980" href="/this-day-in-history/year/1980">1980</a></span><h3 class="tdih-posts-grid__article-title"><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-link" link-name="Millions tune in to find out who shot J.R." href="/this-day-in-history/millions-tune-in-to-find-out-who-shot-j-r">Millions tune in to find out who shot J.R.</a></h3><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-meta" aria-label="Read more articles on Art, Literature and Film History" link-name="Art, Literature and Film History" href="/topics/art-history"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10.5 2L6.5 13H11.5L8 22H9.5L17.5 11H13L17 2H10.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>Art, Literature and Film History</a></article><article class="tdih-posts-grid__article has-elevation"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" sizes="(min-width: 1248px) 384px, (min-width: 850px) calc(33.33vw - 2.5rem), (min-width: 636px) calc(50vw - 2.5rem), calc(100vw - 2.5rem)" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=392&q=75 392w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></noscript></span><span class="tdih-posts-grid__article-year"><a aria-label="This year in history archive: 1864" link-name="1864" href="/this-day-in-history/year/1864">1864</a></span><h3 class="tdih-posts-grid__article-title"><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-link" link-name="President Lincoln allegedly writes to mother of Civil War casualties" href="/this-day-in-history/lincoln-allegedly-writes-to-mother-of-civil-war-casualties">President Lincoln allegedly writes to mother of Civil War casualties</a></h3><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-meta" aria-label="Read more articles on U.S. Presidents" link-name="U.S. Presidents" href="/topics/us-presidents"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10.5 2L6.5 13H11.5L8 22H9.5L17.5 11H13L17 2H10.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>U.S. Presidents</a></article><div class="block-banner light-section is-style-sign-up"><div class="block-banner__image"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover" sizes="(min-width: 850px) 400px, 72px" srcSet="https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=16&quality=75&auto=webp 16w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=32&quality=75&auto=webp 32w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=48&quality=75&auto=webp 48w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=64&quality=75&auto=webp 64w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=96&quality=75&auto=webp 96w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=128&quality=75&auto=webp 128w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=256&quality=75&auto=webp 256w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=392&quality=75&auto=webp 392w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=640&quality=75&auto=webp 640w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=750&quality=75&auto=webp 750w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=828&quality=75&auto=webp 828w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=1080&quality=75&auto=webp 1080w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=1248&quality=75&auto=webp 1248w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=1920&quality=75&auto=webp 1920w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=2048&quality=75&auto=webp 2048w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp 3840w" src="https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg?width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp"/></noscript></span></div><div class="block-banner__content"><h3 class="block-banner__heading">Wake Up to This Day in History</h3><div class="block-banner__text"><p>Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. <br> Get all of today's events in just one email featuring a range of topics.</p></div><div class="block-banner__cta"></div><div class="email-collector"><div><div class="Component-wrapper-0-1-91 email-collector__wrapper" style="filter:none" data-testid="emailCollector"><input tabindex="0" style="border:1px solid darkgray" placeholder="Email Address" class="Component-input-0-1-92 email-collector__input" aria-label="email address" aria-describedby="error-message" data-testid="emailInput"/><button class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeCallOutSm-0-1-29 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-weightBold-0-1-46 Component-root-0-1-96 Component-typeThemed-0-1-104 Component-sizeSmall-0-1-99 Component-button-0-1-93 email-collector__button" data-testid="typography" id="submitButton" tabindex="0"><span>Sign Up</span></button></div><div class="Component-errorContainer-0-1-94"><span id="error-message" class="Component-error-0-1-95"></span></div></div><div class="email-collector__legal"><p>By submitting your information, you agree to receive emails from HISTORY and A+E Networks. You can opt out at any time. You must be 16 years or older and a resident of the United States.</p><p><strong>More details</strong>: <a href="https://www.aenetworks.com/privacy" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> | <a href="https://www.aenetworks.com/terms" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> | <a href="https://support.history.com/" target="_blank">Contact Us</a></p></div></div></div></div><article class="tdih-posts-grid__article has-elevation"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" sizes="(min-width: 1248px) 384px, (min-width: 850px) calc(33.33vw - 2.5rem), (min-width: 636px) calc(50vw - 2.5rem), calc(100vw - 2.5rem)" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=392&q=75 392w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></noscript></span><span class="tdih-posts-grid__article-year"><a aria-label="This year in history archive: 1976" link-name="1976" href="/this-day-in-history/year/1976">1976</a></span><h3 class="tdih-posts-grid__article-title"><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-link" link-name="“Rocky” opens in theaters" href="/this-day-in-history/rocky-premieres">“Rocky” opens in theaters</a></h3><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-meta" aria-label="Read more articles on Art, Literature and Film History" link-name="Art, Literature and Film History" href="/topics/art-history"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10.5 2L6.5 13H11.5L8 22H9.5L17.5 11H13L17 2H10.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>Art, Literature and Film History</a></article><article class="tdih-posts-grid__article has-elevation"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" sizes="(min-width: 1248px) 384px, (min-width: 850px) calc(33.33vw - 2.5rem), (min-width: 636px) calc(50vw - 2.5rem), calc(100vw - 2.5rem)" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=392&q=75 392w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></noscript></span><span class="tdih-posts-grid__article-year"><a aria-label="This year in history archive: 1916" link-name="1916" href="/this-day-in-history/year/1916">1916</a></span><h3 class="tdih-posts-grid__article-title"><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-link" link-name="Britannic, sister ship to the Titanic, sinks in Aegean Sea" href="/this-day-in-history/britannic-sinks-in-aegean-sea">Britannic, sister ship to the Titanic, sinks in Aegean Sea</a></h3><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-meta" aria-label="Read more articles on Natural Disasters & Environment" link-name="Natural Disasters & Environment" href="/topics/natural-disasters-and-environment"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10.5 2L6.5 13H11.5L8 22H9.5L17.5 11H13L17 2H10.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>Natural Disasters & Environment</a></article><article class="tdih-posts-grid__article has-elevation"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" sizes="(min-width: 1248px) 384px, (min-width: 850px) calc(33.33vw - 2.5rem), (min-width: 636px) calc(50vw - 2.5rem), calc(100vw - 2.5rem)" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=392&q=75 392w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></noscript></span><span class="tdih-posts-grid__article-year"><a aria-label="This year in history archive: 1986" link-name="1986" href="/this-day-in-history/year/1986">1986</a></span><h3 class="tdih-posts-grid__article-title"><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-link" link-name="As Iran‑Contra scandal heats up, Oliver North shreds documents" href="/this-day-in-history/oliver-north-starts-feeding-documents-into-the-shredding-machine">As Iran‑Contra scandal heats up, Oliver North shreds documents</a></h3><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-meta" aria-label="Read more articles on Crime" link-name="Crime" href="/topics/crime"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10.5 2L6.5 13H11.5L8 22H9.5L17.5 11H13L17 2H10.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>Crime</a></article><article class="tdih-posts-grid__article has-elevation"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="tdih-posts-grid__article-image" sizes="(min-width: 1248px) 384px, (min-width: 850px) calc(33.33vw - 2.5rem), (min-width: 636px) calc(50vw - 2.5rem), calc(100vw - 2.5rem)" srcSet="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=392&q=75 392w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1248&q=75 1248w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://www.history.com/editorial/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.editorial.aetnd.com%2Fhistory-article-default.desktop.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></noscript></span><span class="tdih-posts-grid__article-year"><a aria-label="This year in history archive: 1776" link-name="1776" href="/this-day-in-history/year/1776">1776</a></span><h3 class="tdih-posts-grid__article-title"><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-link" link-name="George Washington orders General Lee to New Jersey" href="/this-day-in-history/washington-orders-general-lee-to-new-jersey">George Washington orders General Lee to New Jersey</a></h3><a class="tdih-posts-grid__article-meta" aria-label="Read more articles on American Revolution" link-name="American Revolution" href="/topics/american-revolution"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20"><path d="M10.5 2L6.5 13H11.5L8 22H9.5L17.5 11H13L17 2H10.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>American Revolution</a></article></div></div><div class="progress-indicator"><svg viewBox="0 0 73 73" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="progress-indicator__bar"><defs><linearGradient x1="-7.617%" y1="94.531%" x2="105.763%" y2="94.531%" id="a"><stop stop-color="#FFE373" stop-opacity="0" offset="4.3%"></stop><stop stop-color="#FFC329" offset="50.5%"></stop><stop stop-color="#7D3E04" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient></defs><g transform="translate(4.5 4.669)" stroke-width="8" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><circle stroke="#FFE373" cx="32" cy="32" r="32"></circle><circle stroke="url(#a)" cx="32" cy="32" r="32"></circle></g></svg></div></main><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","name":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida | November 21, 1817 | HISTORY","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.history.com#website"},"datePublished":"2024-11-23T18:09:31+00:00","dateModified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.history.com"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"This Day In History","item":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.history.com#website","url":"https://www.history.com","name":"HISTORY","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.history.com/search/{search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/3f3500adc1687f08297576e259e9bf5d","name":"Missy Sullivan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Missy Sullivan"},"url":"https://www.history.com/author/missysullivan"}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida","description":"On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its […]","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins/","thumbnailUrl":null,"datePublished":"2024-11-23 18:09:31","dateModified":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","articleSection":"Native American History","creator":[],"keywords":[],"author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/3f3500adc1687f08297576e259e9bf5d","name":"Missy Sullivan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Missy Sullivan"},"url":"https://www.history.com/author/missysullivan"}}</script><footer class="Component-root-0-1-111 site-footer"><div class="Component-sections-0-1-112 site-footer__sections"><div class="Component-root-0-1-137"><a class="Component-link-0-1-138" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/"><strong class="Component-logo-0-1-139">A+E Networks</strong></a><span class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeText-0-1-31 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-description-0-1-140" data-testid="typography">Our Family of Brands</span></div><div class="Component-section-0-1-117 Component-sectionGrow-0-1-119"><div class="Component-sectionInner-0-1-118"><a href="https://www.history.com" class="Component-logo-0-1-121 site-footer__logo" aria-label="History homepage"></a><ul class="Component-root-0-1-141"><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit History Education" href="https://www.history.com/classroom">History Education</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit History Vault" href="https://www.historyvault.com?cmpid=HV_O_Site_H_Footer">History Vault</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Mobile/Apps" href="https://www.history.com/apps">Mobile/Apps</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit News" href="https://www.history.com/news">News</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Share Your Opinion" href="https://www.historymakerscommunity.com/h/s/61qfFbcxN0jIWvjuPQmr5L">Share Your Opinion</a></li></ul><strong class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeText-0-1-31 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-followHead-0-1-133" data-testid="typography">Follow History</strong><ul class="Component-root-0-1-141 Component-iconLinks-0-1-124 Component-social-0-1-134 site-footer__social"><li><a aria-hidden="false" class="Component-root-0-1-109 Component-root-d1-0-1-144 Component-socialIcon-0-1-122" data-testid="icon" theme="[object Object]" href="https://www.facebook.com/History" target="_blank" aria-label=" on facebook">d</a></li><li><a aria-hidden="false" class="Component-root-0-1-109 Component-root-d2-0-1-145 Component-socialIcon-0-1-122" data-testid="icon" theme="[object Object]" href="https://twitter.com/history" target="_blank" aria-label=" on twitter"><svg data-testid="x-svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><path d="M26.37,26l-8.795-12.822l0.015,0.012L25.52,4h-2.65l-6.46,7.48L11.28,4H4.33l8.211,11.971L12.54,15.97L3.88,26h2.65 l7.182-8.322L19.42,26H26.37z M10.23,6l12.34,18h-2.1L8.12,6H10.23z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a aria-hidden="false" class="Component-root-0-1-109 Component-root-d3-0-1-146 Component-socialIcon-0-1-122" data-testid="icon" theme="[object Object]" href="https://www.youtube.com/historychannel" target="_blank" aria-label=" on youtube">p</a></li><li><a aria-hidden="false" class="Component-root-0-1-109 Component-root-d4-0-1-147 Component-socialIcon-0-1-122" data-testid="icon" theme="[object Object]" href="https://www.instagram.com/history" target="_blank" aria-label=" on instagram">m</a></li><li><a aria-hidden="false" class="Component-root-0-1-109 Component-root-d5-0-1-148 Component-socialIcon-0-1-122" data-testid="icon" theme="[object Object]" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@history" target="_blank" aria-label=" on tiktok"><span style="transform:scaleX(-1)">+</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="Component-section-0-1-117 Component-sectionFixed-0-1-120"><div class="Component-sectionInner-0-1-118"><ul class="Component-root-0-1-141 Component-iconLinks-0-1-124 Component-channels-0-1-125"><li><a href="https://www.aetv.com" class="Component-aetv-0-1-127" aria-label="AETV homepage"></a></li><li><a href="https://www.mylifetime.com" class="Component-lifetime-0-1-129" aria-label="MYLIFETIME homepage"></a></li><li><a href="https://www.mylifetime.com/lifetime-movies" class="Component-lmn-0-1-130" aria-label="MYLIFETIME movies homepage"></a></li><li><a href="https://www.fyi.tv" class="Component-fyi-0-1-131" aria-label="FYI homepage"></a></li><li><a href="https://viceland.com/en_us/" class="Component-viceland-0-1-132" aria-label="VICELAND homepage"></a></li></ul><div class="Component-textLinks-0-1-123 Component-links-0-1-126"><ul class="Component-root-0-1-141"><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Biography" href="https://www.biography.com/">Biography</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Crime and Investigation" href="https://www.crimeandinvestigationnetwork.com/">Crime and Investigation</a></li></ul><ul class="Component-root-0-1-141"><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit History en Espanol" href="https://www.history.com/espanol/schedule">History en Espanol</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit LRW" href="https://www.mylifetime.com/schedule/lrw">LRW</a></li></ul><ul class="Component-root-0-1-141"><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Military History" href="https://military.history.com/">Military History</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="Component-sectionInner-0-1-118"><div class="Component-textLinks-0-1-123 Component-links-0-1-126"><ul class="Component-root-0-1-141"><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Ad Choices" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/adchoices">Ad Choices</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Advertise With Us" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/advertise">Advertise With Us</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Accessibility Support" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/accessibility-support">Accessibility Support</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Copyright Policy" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/copyright">Copyright Policy</a></li></ul><ul class="Component-root-0-1-141"><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Corporate Information" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/">Corporate Information</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Employment Opportunities" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/careers">Employment Opportunities</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit FAQ/Contact Us" href="https://support.history.com/hc/en-us">FAQ/Contact Us</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Privacy Notice" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/consumer-privacy-policy">Privacy Notice</a></li></ul><ul class="Component-root-0-1-141"><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Cookie Notice" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/cookie-notice">Cookie Notice</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit Terms Of Use" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/consumer-terms-of-use">Terms Of Use</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54 Component-link-0-1-143" data-testid="typography" title="Visit TV Parental Guidelines" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/guidelines">TV Parental Guidelines</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="Component-bottomstrip-0-1-135 site-footer__bottomstrip"><ul class="Component-root-0-1-141 Component-iconLinks-0-1-124 Component-channels-0-1-125"><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54" data-testid="typography" href="https://support.history.com/hc/en-us" target="_blank">Contact Us</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54" data-testid="typography" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/copyright" target="_blank">Copyright Policy</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54" data-testid="typography" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/privacy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54" data-testid="typography" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/terms" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54" data-testid="typography" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/adchoices" target="_blank">Ad Choices</a></li><li><a class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeTextSm-0-1-33 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54" data-testid="typography" href="https://www.aenetworks.com/accessibility-support" target="_blank">Accessibility Support</a></li></ul><div class="Component-doNotSellLink-0-1-136" id="do-not-sell-link"></div><p class="Component-base-0-1-21 Component-typeText-0-1-31 Component-colorInherit-0-1-54" data-testid="typography">© 2024, A&E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved.</p></div></footer></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"_sentryTraceData":"6f2e833f2db9499b9e88860820ef4922-a63ee6f8d9d1776c-0","_sentryBaggage":"sentry-environment=production,sentry-release=zQ071g4z-1OJvlBLY3TcS,sentry-public_key=6a648ea8c0214c3eb9223c5771a039ab,sentry-trace_id=6f2e833f2db9499b9e88860820ef4922,sentry-transaction=%2Fthis-day-in-history%2F%5Bslug%5D,sentry-sampled=false","featuredImage":null,"images":{},"post":{"id":78150,"date":"2024-11-23T13:09:31","date_gmt":"2024-11-23T18:09:31","guid":{"rendered":"https://www.history.com/?post_type=this-day-in-history\u0026#038;p=78150"},"modified":"2024-11-23T12:56:18","modified_gmt":"2024-11-23T17:56:18","slug":"first-seminole-war-begins","status":"publish","type":"this-day-in-history","link":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","title":{"rendered":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its Florida territory to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the soldiers first arrived at Fowltown, they demanded that \u003ca href=\"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/seminole-wars/\"\u003eSeminole chief Neamathla\u003c/a\u003e surrender himself, because U.S. officials believed he had been responsible for the murder of several Georgia families. When Neamathla refused, the soldiers killed the 20 Seminoles, then plundered and burned the town.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut reprisal was only the short-term goal. \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/fortscott1.html\"\u003eFort Scott\u003c/a\u003e had been built as a military base on the Georgia/Florida border to facilitate actions against local Creek and Seminole Indians, who were seen as an obstacle to American settlement of the land. Southern militias had long conducted raids of Seminole territory (in northern Florida and southern Georgia), looking to steal land or livestock—or to stem the steady tide of Black people escaping enslavement and finding refuge with Seminoles. Many of the Indigenous and formerly enslaved people had sided with the British in the War of 1812, further antagonizing the Americans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-story-grid\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid post-grid is-style-2-col post-grid--narrow post-grid--gutter-sm\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003carticle class=\"card-grid-item post-grid-item post-grid-item--gutter-sm post-grid-item-sm-50\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/BlogPosting\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__link\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-label=\"American-Indian Wars\" \u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cfigure class=\"card-grid-item__image-fit image-fit\" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http://schema.org/ImageObject\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__image-contain image-fit__image-contain\" aria-label=\"Custer’s Last Stand from the Battle of Little Bighorn.\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" src=\"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2010/03/general-custers.jpg?width=768\" class=\"card-grid-item__image image-fit__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"Custer’s Last Stand from the Battle of Little Bighorn.\" /\u003e\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__title-contain\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__meta-cat card-grid-item__meta-cat--narrow\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cspan class=\"card-grid-item__meta-cat-text\"\u003eNative American History\u003c/span\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch3 class=\"card-grid-item__title h5\"\u003eAmerican-Indian Wars\u003c/h3\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/article\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003carticle class=\"card-grid-item post-grid-item post-grid-item--gutter-sm post-grid-item-sm-50\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/BlogPosting\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__link\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-label=\"How Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears\" \u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cfigure class=\"card-grid-item__image-fit image-fit\" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http://schema.org/ImageObject\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__image-contain image-fit__image-contain\" aria-label=\"\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" src=\"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2019/11/native-american-gettyimages-1127938067-gradient.jpg?width=768\" class=\"card-grid-item__image image-fit__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" /\u003e\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__title-contain\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__meta-cat card-grid-item__meta-cat--narrow\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cspan class=\"card-grid-item__meta-cat-text\"\u003eNative American History\u003c/span\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch3 class=\"card-grid-item__title h5\"\u003eHow Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears\u003c/h3\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/article\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Fowltown attack prompted its own \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Seminole-War#:~:text=In%20retaliation%2C%20a%20group%20of%20Seminoles%20laid%20siege%20to%20a%20boat%20carrying%20reinforcements%20to%20Fort%20Scott%20on%20the%20Apalachicola%20River%20and%20killed%2043%20men%2C%20women%2C%20and%20children.\"\u003eretaliation\u003c/a\u003e and ongoing skirmishes, escalating bloodshed—and tensions—for the good part of a year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWithin weeks after the Fowltown attack, General Andrew Jackson took command of area troops, with the goal of increasing U.S. control over the region. He led invasions of Seminole territory, pushing the Indigenous people further south into Spanish-controlled Florida, and forcing some into the Okefenokee Swamp. Jackson’s forces then proceeded to destroy Seminole villages, Spanish forts and British-owned plantations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Spain initially opposed America’s military presence in Florida, to avoid further conflict, it eventually decided to \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-u-s-acquires-spanish-florida\"\u003ecede its territories there\u003c/a\u003e to the United States in February 1819. And while Americans kept pushing relentlessly to remove the Seminoles from their ancestral lands, they kept on fighting, prompting the Second Seminole War in 1835–42 and the Third Seminole War in 1855–58.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-banner\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-banner__content\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\u003ch3 class=\"block-banner__heading h4\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\tHISTORY Vault: Native American History\t\t\t\t\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-banner__text\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eFrom Comanche warriors to Navajo code talkers, learn more about Indigenous history.\u003c/p\u003e\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-banner__cta\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ca href=\"https://watch.historyvault.com/list/native-american-history\" class=\"button is-style-alt\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWATCH NOW\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/a\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-banner__image\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=1024\u0026#038;height=576\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t","protected":false,"blocks":[{"clientId":"12f0e727-443f-43b4-81b3-1543a80c0118","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its Florida territory to the United States.","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"0450eb65-c262-446a-be34-d9e397acfc6d","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"When the soldiers first arrived at Fowltown, they demanded that \u003ca href=\"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/seminole-wars/\"\u003eSeminole chief Neamathla\u003c/a\u003e surrender himself, because U.S. officials believed he had been responsible for the murder of several Georgia families. When Neamathla refused, the soldiers killed the 20 Seminoles, then plundered and burned the town.\u0026nbsp;","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"65556cf3-e45c-4cda-a5d2-591c6b84b0b7","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"But reprisal was only the short-term goal. \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/fortscott1.html\"\u003eFort Scott\u003c/a\u003e had been built as a military base on the Georgia/Florida border to facilitate actions against local Creek and Seminole Indians, who were seen as an obstacle to American settlement of the land. Southern militias had long conducted raids of Seminole territory (in northern Florida and southern Georgia), looking to steal land or livestock—or to stem the steady tide of Black people escaping enslavement and finding refuge with Seminoles. Many of the Indigenous and formerly enslaved people had sided with the British in the War of 1812, further antagonizing the Americans.","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"50c54037-1f16-4b4b-9917-cb21c8c62d0c","name":"corpnews-blocks/story-grid","attributes":{"posts":"[{\"id\":9043,\"link\":\"https:\\/\\/www.history.com\\/topics\\/native-american-history\\/american-indian-wars\",\"title\":{\"rendered\":\"American-Indian Wars\"},\"type\":\"topic\",\"excerpt\":{\"rendered\":\"Between 1622 and the late 19th century, a series of wars and skirmishes known as the Indian Wars took place between American Indians and European settlers, mainly over land control.\"},\"article_type_meta\":\"\"},{\"id\":24556,\"link\":\"https:\\/\\/www.history.com\\/news\\/trail-of-tears-conditions-cherokee\",\"title\":{\"rendered\":\"How Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears\"},\"type\":\"story\",\"excerpt\":{\"rendered\":\"Severe exposure, starvation and disease ravaged tribes during their forced migration to present-day Oklahoma.\"},\"article_type_meta\":\"\"}]","className":"is-style-2-col","preview":false,"postType":["any"],"cardsHeading":""},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"d987e2fd-ec41-453f-a16c-f36c4fecae10","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"The Fowltown attack prompted its own \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Seminole-War#:~:text=In%20retaliation%2C%20a%20group%20of%20Seminoles%20laid%20siege%20to%20a%20boat%20carrying%20reinforcements%20to%20Fort%20Scott%20on%20the%20Apalachicola%20River%20and%20killed%2043%20men%2C%20women%2C%20and%20children.\"\u003eretaliation\u003c/a\u003e and ongoing skirmishes, escalating bloodshed—and tensions—for the good part of a year.\u0026nbsp;","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"7d0fac1f-abbb-4dfb-b262-173570518bf9","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"Within weeks after the Fowltown attack, General Andrew Jackson took command of area troops, with the goal of increasing U.S. control over the region. He led invasions of Seminole territory, pushing the Indigenous people further south into Spanish-controlled Florida, and forcing some into the Okefenokee Swamp. Jackson’s forces then proceeded to destroy Seminole villages, Spanish forts and British-owned plantations.","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"e58add11-bea9-44a3-b40c-0b13c1da91b9","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"While Spain initially opposed America’s military presence in Florida, to avoid further conflict, it eventually decided to \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-u-s-acquires-spanish-florida\"\u003ecede its territories there\u003c/a\u003e to the United States in February 1819. And while Americans kept pushing relentlessly to remove the Seminoles from their ancestral lands, they kept on fighting, prompting the Second Seminole War in 1835–42 and the Third Seminole War in 1855–58.","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"9ff69a1a-ec47-46f8-8af5-725e2f4c3c81","name":"corpnews-blocks/banner","attributes":{"heading":"HISTORY Vault: Native American History","text":"\u003cp\u003eFrom Comanche warriors to Navajo code talkers, learn more about Indigenous history.\u003c/p\u003e","bgMediaID":54518,"bgMediaURL":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg","ctaEnabled":true,"ctaURL":"https://watch.historyvault.com/list/native-american-history","ctaButtonText":"WATCH NOW","ctaNewTab":false},"innerBlocks":[]}]},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"video_platform_id":"","video_duration":0,"video_content_rating":"","video_disable_autoplay":false,"subhead":"","exclude_from_rss":false,"distribute_scheduled_post":[],"curated_related_posts":"","disable_related_posts":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"tdih_day":[600],"tdih_year":[1018],"article_type":[],"story_byline":[406],"story_category":[136],"class_list":["post-78150","this-day-in-history","type-this-day-in-history","status-publish","hentry","tdih_day-november-21","tdih_year-1018","story_byline-history","story_category-native-american-history"],"prepublish_checks":{},"this_day":[{"id":948,"title":"This Day in History Video: What Happened on November 21","slug":"november-21-video","featured_media_url":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2012/05/this-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg","story_category":[{"name":"Art, Literature and Film History","slug":"art-history","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/art-history"}],"year":[]},{"id":14974,"title":"\"Scientific American\" announces Thomas Edison's \"wonderful invention\"—the phonograph","slug":"edisons-first-great-invention","featured_media_url":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2022/07/thomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg","story_category":[{"name":"Inventions \u0026amp; Science","slug":"inventions","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/inventions"}],"year":[{"name":"1877","slug":"1877","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1877"}]},{"id":15119,"title":"Ella Fitzgerald wins Amateur Night at Harlem’s Apollo Theater","slug":"ella-fitzgerald-wins-amateur-night-at-harlems-apollo-theater","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"Art, Literature and Film History","slug":"art-history","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/art-history"}],"year":[{"name":"1934","slug":"1934","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1934"}]},{"id":20286,"title":"Men fly over Paris in hot air balloon","slug":"men-fly-over-paris","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"European History","slug":"european-history","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/european-history"}],"year":[{"name":"1783","slug":"1783","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1783"}]},{"id":16274,"title":"Millions tune in to find out who shot J.R.","slug":"millions-tune-in-to-find-out-who-shot-j-r","featured_media_url":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2012/05/this-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg","story_category":[{"name":"Art, Literature and Film History","slug":"art-history","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/art-history"}],"year":[{"name":"1980","slug":"1980","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1980"}]},{"id":17321,"title":"President Lincoln allegedly writes to mother of Civil War casualties","slug":"lincoln-allegedly-writes-to-mother-of-civil-war-casualties","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"U.S. Presidents","slug":"us-presidents","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents"}],"year":[{"name":"1864","slug":"1864","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1864"}]},{"id":12365,"title":"“Rocky” opens in theaters","slug":"rocky-premieres","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"Art, Literature and Film History","slug":"art-history","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/art-history"}],"year":[{"name":"1976","slug":"1976","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1976"}]},{"id":18852,"title":"Britannic, sister ship to the Titanic, sinks in Aegean Sea","slug":"britannic-sinks-in-aegean-sea","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"Natural Disasters \u0026amp; Environment","slug":"natural-disasters-and-environment","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/natural-disasters-and-environment"}],"year":[{"name":"1916","slug":"1916","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1916"}]},{"id":12580,"title":"As Iran-Contra scandal heats up, Oliver North shreds documents","slug":"oliver-north-starts-feeding-documents-into-the-shredding-machine","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"Crime","slug":"crime","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/crime"}],"year":[{"name":"1986","slug":"1986","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1986"}]},{"id":16309,"title":"George Washington orders General Lee to New Jersey","slug":"washington-orders-general-lee-to-new-jersey","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"American Revolution","slug":"american-revolution","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution"}],"year":[{"name":"1776","slug":"1776","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1776"}]}],"article_type_meta":"","tags_meta":"","disable_interrupter":"","primary_term":null,"video_thumbnail":false,"hide_on_google_news":false,"yoast_head_json":{"title":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida | November 21, 1817 | HISTORY","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida | November 21, 1817 | HISTORY","og_description":"On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its […]","og_url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","og_site_name":"HISTORY","article_modified_time":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","name":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida | November 21, 1817 | HISTORY","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.history.com#website"},"datePublished":"2024-11-23T18:09:31+00:00","dateModified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.history.com"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"This Day In History","item":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.history.com#website","url":"https://www.history.com","name":"HISTORY","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.history.com/search/{search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/3f3500adc1687f08297576e259e9bf5d","name":"Missy Sullivan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g","caption":"Missy Sullivan"},"url":"https://www.history.com/author/missysullivan"}]},"news_article_schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida","description":"On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its […]","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins/","thumbnailUrl":null,"datePublished":"2024-11-23 18:09:31","dateModified":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","articleSection":"Native American History","creator":[],"keywords":[],"author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/3f3500adc1687f08297576e259e9bf5d","name":"Missy Sullivan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g","caption":"Missy Sullivan"},"url":"https://www.history.com/author/missysullivan"}}},"excerpt":"On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its […]","tdih_year_term":{"id":1018,"count":4,"description":"","link":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1817","name":"1817","slug":"1817","taxonomy":"tdih_year","parent":0,"meta":{"featured_articles":[],"featured_video":[]}},"tdih_day_term":{"id":600,"count":12,"description":"\u003cp\u003eDiscover what happened on November 21 with HISTORY's summaries of major events, anniversaries, famous births and notable deaths.\u003c/p\u003e\n","link":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/day/november-21","name":"November 21","slug":"november-21","taxonomy":"tdih_day","parent":0,"meta":{"featured_articles":[16274],"featured_video":{"platform_id":21180237,"duration":60,"rating":"TV-PG","disable_autoplay":false,"id":"21180237","ppl_id":["37690"],"restriction_id":0,"public_url":"https://link.theplatform.com/s/xc6n8B/media/3KJPujcgPmaV","title":"This Day In History: 11/21/1980 - Who Shot J.R.?","description":"Find out what happened on November 21 in our This Day in History video. On November 21, 1783, history was made in the skies over Paris when the first manned un-tethered air balloon flight took place. On November 21, 1877, Thomas Edison had another idea. Edison created a device that could record and playback sound. On November 21, 1973, the Nixon Administration announced that there was an eighteen and a half minute gap on the Watergate tapes. Still no one knows what was said in that gap. Lastly, on November 21, 1980, 350 million people tuned into an episode of Dallas to see who shot J.R. It turned out to be an upset mistress.","poster":"https://cropper.watch.aetnd.com/public-content-aetn.video.aetnd.com/video-thumbnails/AETN-History_VMS/21/204/tdih-nov21-HD.jpg"},"video_of_the_day":[0]}}},"posts":[{"id":78150,"date":"2024-11-23T13:09:31","date_gmt":"2024-11-23T18:09:31","guid":{"rendered":"https://www.history.com/?post_type=this-day-in-history\u0026#038;p=78150"},"modified":"2024-11-23T12:56:18","modified_gmt":"2024-11-23T17:56:18","slug":"first-seminole-war-begins","status":"publish","type":"this-day-in-history","link":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","title":{"rendered":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its Florida territory to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the soldiers first arrived at Fowltown, they demanded that \u003ca href=\"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/seminole-wars/\"\u003eSeminole chief Neamathla\u003c/a\u003e surrender himself, because U.S. officials believed he had been responsible for the murder of several Georgia families. When Neamathla refused, the soldiers killed the 20 Seminoles, then plundered and burned the town.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut reprisal was only the short-term goal. \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/fortscott1.html\"\u003eFort Scott\u003c/a\u003e had been built as a military base on the Georgia/Florida border to facilitate actions against local Creek and Seminole Indians, who were seen as an obstacle to American settlement of the land. Southern militias had long conducted raids of Seminole territory (in northern Florida and southern Georgia), looking to steal land or livestock—or to stem the steady tide of Black people escaping enslavement and finding refuge with Seminoles. Many of the Indigenous and formerly enslaved people had sided with the British in the War of 1812, further antagonizing the Americans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-story-grid\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid post-grid is-style-2-col post-grid--narrow post-grid--gutter-sm\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003carticle class=\"card-grid-item post-grid-item post-grid-item--gutter-sm post-grid-item-sm-50\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/BlogPosting\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__link\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-label=\"American-Indian Wars\" \u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cfigure class=\"card-grid-item__image-fit image-fit\" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http://schema.org/ImageObject\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__image-contain image-fit__image-contain\" aria-label=\"Custer’s Last Stand from the Battle of Little Bighorn.\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" src=\"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2010/03/general-custers.jpg?width=768\" class=\"card-grid-item__image image-fit__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"Custer’s Last Stand from the Battle of Little Bighorn.\" /\u003e\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__title-contain\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__meta-cat card-grid-item__meta-cat--narrow\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cspan class=\"card-grid-item__meta-cat-text\"\u003eNative American History\u003c/span\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch3 class=\"card-grid-item__title h5\"\u003eAmerican-Indian Wars\u003c/h3\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/article\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003carticle class=\"card-grid-item post-grid-item post-grid-item--gutter-sm post-grid-item-sm-50\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/BlogPosting\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__link\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-label=\"How Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears\" \u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cfigure class=\"card-grid-item__image-fit image-fit\" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http://schema.org/ImageObject\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__image-contain image-fit__image-contain\" aria-label=\"\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" src=\"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2019/11/native-american-gettyimages-1127938067-gradient.jpg?width=768\" class=\"card-grid-item__image image-fit__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" /\u003e\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__title-contain\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"card-grid-item__meta-cat card-grid-item__meta-cat--narrow\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cspan class=\"card-grid-item__meta-cat-text\"\u003eNative American History\u003c/span\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ch3 class=\"card-grid-item__title h5\"\u003eHow Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears\u003c/h3\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/article\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Fowltown attack prompted its own \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Seminole-War#:~:text=In%20retaliation%2C%20a%20group%20of%20Seminoles%20laid%20siege%20to%20a%20boat%20carrying%20reinforcements%20to%20Fort%20Scott%20on%20the%20Apalachicola%20River%20and%20killed%2043%20men%2C%20women%2C%20and%20children.\"\u003eretaliation\u003c/a\u003e and ongoing skirmishes, escalating bloodshed—and tensions—for the good part of a year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWithin weeks after the Fowltown attack, General Andrew Jackson took command of area troops, with the goal of increasing U.S. control over the region. He led invasions of Seminole territory, pushing the Indigenous people further south into Spanish-controlled Florida, and forcing some into the Okefenokee Swamp. Jackson’s forces then proceeded to destroy Seminole villages, Spanish forts and British-owned plantations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Spain initially opposed America’s military presence in Florida, to avoid further conflict, it eventually decided to \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-u-s-acquires-spanish-florida\"\u003ecede its territories there\u003c/a\u003e to the United States in February 1819. And while Americans kept pushing relentlessly to remove the Seminoles from their ancestral lands, they kept on fighting, prompting the Second Seminole War in 1835–42 and the Third Seminole War in 1855–58.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-banner\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-banner__content\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\u003ch3 class=\"block-banner__heading h4\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\tHISTORY Vault: Native American History\t\t\t\t\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-banner__text\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eFrom Comanche warriors to Navajo code talkers, learn more about Indigenous history.\u003c/p\u003e\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-banner__cta\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003ca href=\"https://watch.historyvault.com/list/native-american-history\" class=\"button is-style-alt\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWATCH NOW\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/a\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv class=\"block-banner__image\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg?width=1024\u0026#038;height=576\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t","protected":false,"blocks":[{"clientId":"12f0e727-443f-43b4-81b3-1543a80c0118","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its Florida territory to the United States.","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"0450eb65-c262-446a-be34-d9e397acfc6d","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"When the soldiers first arrived at Fowltown, they demanded that \u003ca href=\"https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/seminole-wars/\"\u003eSeminole chief Neamathla\u003c/a\u003e surrender himself, because U.S. officials believed he had been responsible for the murder of several Georgia families. When Neamathla refused, the soldiers killed the 20 Seminoles, then plundered and burned the town.\u0026nbsp;","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"65556cf3-e45c-4cda-a5d2-591c6b84b0b7","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"But reprisal was only the short-term goal. \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/fortscott1.html\"\u003eFort Scott\u003c/a\u003e had been built as a military base on the Georgia/Florida border to facilitate actions against local Creek and Seminole Indians, who were seen as an obstacle to American settlement of the land. Southern militias had long conducted raids of Seminole territory (in northern Florida and southern Georgia), looking to steal land or livestock—or to stem the steady tide of Black people escaping enslavement and finding refuge with Seminoles. Many of the Indigenous and formerly enslaved people had sided with the British in the War of 1812, further antagonizing the Americans.","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"50c54037-1f16-4b4b-9917-cb21c8c62d0c","name":"corpnews-blocks/story-grid","attributes":{"posts":"[{\"id\":9043,\"link\":\"https:\\/\\/www.history.com\\/topics\\/native-american-history\\/american-indian-wars\",\"title\":{\"rendered\":\"American-Indian Wars\"},\"type\":\"topic\",\"excerpt\":{\"rendered\":\"Between 1622 and the late 19th century, a series of wars and skirmishes known as the Indian Wars took place between American Indians and European settlers, mainly over land control.\"},\"article_type_meta\":\"\"},{\"id\":24556,\"link\":\"https:\\/\\/www.history.com\\/news\\/trail-of-tears-conditions-cherokee\",\"title\":{\"rendered\":\"How Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears\"},\"type\":\"story\",\"excerpt\":{\"rendered\":\"Severe exposure, starvation and disease ravaged tribes during their forced migration to present-day Oklahoma.\"},\"article_type_meta\":\"\"}]","className":"is-style-2-col","preview":false,"postType":["any"],"cardsHeading":""},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"d987e2fd-ec41-453f-a16c-f36c4fecae10","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"The Fowltown attack prompted its own \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Seminole-War#:~:text=In%20retaliation%2C%20a%20group%20of%20Seminoles%20laid%20siege%20to%20a%20boat%20carrying%20reinforcements%20to%20Fort%20Scott%20on%20the%20Apalachicola%20River%20and%20killed%2043%20men%2C%20women%2C%20and%20children.\"\u003eretaliation\u003c/a\u003e and ongoing skirmishes, escalating bloodshed—and tensions—for the good part of a year.\u0026nbsp;","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"7d0fac1f-abbb-4dfb-b262-173570518bf9","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"Within weeks after the Fowltown attack, General Andrew Jackson took command of area troops, with the goal of increasing U.S. control over the region. He led invasions of Seminole territory, pushing the Indigenous people further south into Spanish-controlled Florida, and forcing some into the Okefenokee Swamp. Jackson’s forces then proceeded to destroy Seminole villages, Spanish forts and British-owned plantations.","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"e58add11-bea9-44a3-b40c-0b13c1da91b9","name":"core/paragraph","attributes":{"content":"While Spain initially opposed America’s military presence in Florida, to avoid further conflict, it eventually decided to \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-u-s-acquires-spanish-florida\"\u003ecede its territories there\u003c/a\u003e to the United States in February 1819. And while Americans kept pushing relentlessly to remove the Seminoles from their ancestral lands, they kept on fighting, prompting the Second Seminole War in 1835–42 and the Third Seminole War in 1855–58.","dropCap":false},"innerBlocks":[]},{"clientId":"9ff69a1a-ec47-46f8-8af5-725e2f4c3c81","name":"corpnews-blocks/banner","attributes":{"heading":"HISTORY Vault: Native American History","text":"\u003cp\u003eFrom Comanche warriors to Navajo code talkers, learn more about Indigenous history.\u003c/p\u003e","bgMediaID":54518,"bgMediaURL":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/07/Comanche_Warriors_3840x2160_NT-scaled-1.jpeg","ctaEnabled":true,"ctaURL":"https://watch.historyvault.com/list/native-american-history","ctaButtonText":"WATCH NOW","ctaNewTab":false},"innerBlocks":[]}]},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"video_platform_id":"","video_duration":0,"video_content_rating":"","video_disable_autoplay":false,"subhead":"","exclude_from_rss":false,"distribute_scheduled_post":[],"curated_related_posts":"","disable_related_posts":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"tdih_day":[600],"tdih_year":[1018],"article_type":[],"story_byline":[406],"story_category":[136],"class_list":["post-78150","this-day-in-history","type-this-day-in-history","status-publish","hentry","tdih_day-november-21","tdih_year-1018","story_byline-history","story_category-native-american-history"],"prepublish_checks":{},"this_day":[{"id":948,"title":"This Day in History Video: What Happened on November 21","slug":"november-21-video","featured_media_url":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2012/05/this-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg","story_category":[{"name":"Art, Literature and Film History","slug":"art-history","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/art-history"}],"year":[]},{"id":14974,"title":"\"Scientific American\" announces Thomas Edison's \"wonderful invention\"—the phonograph","slug":"edisons-first-great-invention","featured_media_url":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2022/07/thomas-edison-phonograph-gettyimages-517244476.jpg","story_category":[{"name":"Inventions \u0026amp; Science","slug":"inventions","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/inventions"}],"year":[{"name":"1877","slug":"1877","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1877"}]},{"id":15119,"title":"Ella Fitzgerald wins Amateur Night at Harlem’s Apollo Theater","slug":"ella-fitzgerald-wins-amateur-night-at-harlems-apollo-theater","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"Art, Literature and Film History","slug":"art-history","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/art-history"}],"year":[{"name":"1934","slug":"1934","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1934"}]},{"id":20286,"title":"Men fly over Paris in hot air balloon","slug":"men-fly-over-paris","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"European History","slug":"european-history","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/european-history"}],"year":[{"name":"1783","slug":"1783","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1783"}]},{"id":16274,"title":"Millions tune in to find out who shot J.R.","slug":"millions-tune-in-to-find-out-who-shot-j-r","featured_media_url":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2012/05/this-day-in-history-11-21-1980-who-shot-j-r.jpg","story_category":[{"name":"Art, Literature and Film History","slug":"art-history","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/art-history"}],"year":[{"name":"1980","slug":"1980","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1980"}]},{"id":17321,"title":"President Lincoln allegedly writes to mother of Civil War casualties","slug":"lincoln-allegedly-writes-to-mother-of-civil-war-casualties","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"U.S. Presidents","slug":"us-presidents","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents"}],"year":[{"name":"1864","slug":"1864","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1864"}]},{"id":12365,"title":"“Rocky” opens in theaters","slug":"rocky-premieres","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"Art, Literature and Film History","slug":"art-history","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/art-history"}],"year":[{"name":"1976","slug":"1976","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1976"}]},{"id":18852,"title":"Britannic, sister ship to the Titanic, sinks in Aegean Sea","slug":"britannic-sinks-in-aegean-sea","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"Natural Disasters \u0026amp; Environment","slug":"natural-disasters-and-environment","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/natural-disasters-and-environment"}],"year":[{"name":"1916","slug":"1916","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1916"}]},{"id":12580,"title":"As Iran-Contra scandal heats up, Oliver North shreds documents","slug":"oliver-north-starts-feeding-documents-into-the-shredding-machine","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"Crime","slug":"crime","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/crime"}],"year":[{"name":"1986","slug":"1986","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1986"}]},{"id":16309,"title":"George Washington orders General Lee to New Jersey","slug":"washington-orders-general-lee-to-new-jersey","featured_media_url":false,"story_category":[{"name":"American Revolution","slug":"american-revolution","url":"https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution"}],"year":[{"name":"1776","slug":"1776","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1776"}]}],"article_type_meta":"","tags_meta":"","disable_interrupter":"","primary_term":null,"video_thumbnail":false,"hide_on_google_news":false,"yoast_head_json":{"title":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida | November 21, 1817 | HISTORY","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida | November 21, 1817 | HISTORY","og_description":"On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its […]","og_url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","og_site_name":"HISTORY","article_modified_time":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins","name":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida | November 21, 1817 | HISTORY","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.history.com#website"},"datePublished":"2024-11-23T18:09:31+00:00","dateModified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.history.com"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"This Day In History","item":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.history.com#website","url":"https://www.history.com","name":"HISTORY","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.history.com/search/{search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/3f3500adc1687f08297576e259e9bf5d","name":"Missy Sullivan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g","caption":"Missy Sullivan"},"url":"https://www.history.com/author/missysullivan"}]},"news_article_schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The First Seminole War begins in Florida","description":"On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its […]","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-seminole-war-begins/","thumbnailUrl":null,"datePublished":"2024-11-23 18:09:31","dateModified":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","articleSection":"Native American History","creator":[],"keywords":[],"author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/3f3500adc1687f08297576e259e9bf5d","name":"Missy Sullivan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.history.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/84eb2467eeaefa3029c187e4e513e9f9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g","caption":"Missy Sullivan"},"url":"https://www.history.com/author/missysullivan"}}},"excerpt":"On November 21, 1817, U.S. troops from Fort Scott attack the small Seminole Indian village of Fowltown, located in southern Georgia, killing about 20 men and igniting the First Seminole War. The conflict, which lasted less than a year, would not succeed in squashing Native resistance, but it would contribute to the Spanish relinquishing its […]","tdih_year_term":{"id":1018,"count":4,"description":"","link":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1817","name":"1817","slug":"1817","taxonomy":"tdih_year","parent":0,"meta":{"featured_articles":[],"featured_video":[]}},"tdih_day_term":{"id":600,"count":12,"description":"\u003cp\u003eDiscover what happened on November 21 with HISTORY's summaries of major events, anniversaries, famous births and notable deaths.\u003c/p\u003e\n","link":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/day/november-21","name":"November 21","slug":"november-21","taxonomy":"tdih_day","parent":0,"meta":{"featured_articles":[16274],"featured_video":{"platform_id":21180237,"duration":60,"rating":"TV-PG","disable_autoplay":false,"id":"21180237","ppl_id":["37690"],"restriction_id":0,"public_url":"https://link.theplatform.com/s/xc6n8B/media/3KJPujcgPmaV","title":"This Day In History: 11/21/1980 - Who Shot J.R.?","description":"Find out what happened on November 21 in our This Day in History video. On November 21, 1783, history was made in the skies over Paris when the first manned un-tethered air balloon flight took place. On November 21, 1877, Thomas Edison had another idea. Edison created a device that could record and playback sound. On November 21, 1973, the Nixon Administration announced that there was an eighteen and a half minute gap on the Watergate tapes. Still no one knows what was said in that gap. Lastly, on November 21, 1980, 350 million people tuned into an episode of Dallas to see who shot J.R. It turned out to be an upset mistress.","poster":"https://cropper.watch.aetnd.com/public-content-aetn.video.aetnd.com/video-thumbnails/AETN-History_VMS/21/204/tdih-nov21-HD.jpg"},"video_of_the_day":[0]}}}],"primaryTerm":{"id":136,"count":174,"description":"\u003cp\u003eNative American history spans an array of diverse groups and leaders, including Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse and Tecumseh, and events like the Trail of Tears, the French and Indian War and the Battle of the Little Bighorn.\u003c/p\u003e\n","link":"https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history","name":"Native American History","slug":"native-american-history","taxonomy":"story_category","parent":0,"meta":{"featured_articles":[0],"featured_topics":[9310,11828,7582,9055],"featured_stories":[39740,40574,30717,31441],"featured_videos":[5468,2888,3382,4329],"featured_video":{"platform_id":2166237251941,"duration":61,"rating":"TV-PG","disable_autoplay":false,"id":2166237251941,"ppl_id":["266676"],"restriction_id":0,"public_url":"https://link.theplatform.com/s/xc6n8B/media/OnG0u0dv0yib","title":"More to History: Native American Solidarity at Alcatraz","description":"Alcatraz, known to most as a famous prison, became an important mark in salvation for Native American history.","poster":"https://cropper.watch.aetnd.com/public-content-aetn.video.aetnd.com/video-thumbnails/AETN-History_VMS/477/851/BRAND_THC_HSSH_266676_SFB_003_2398_5_20220823_02_0124150_NoOB_HD.jpg"}}},"tags":[],"terms":[{"id":600,"count":12,"description":"\u003cp\u003eDiscover what happened on November 21 with HISTORY's summaries of major events, anniversaries, famous births and notable deaths.\u003c/p\u003e\n","link":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/day/november-21","name":"November 21","slug":"november-21","taxonomy":"tdih_day","parent":0,"meta":{"featured_articles":[16274],"featured_video":{"platform_id":21180237,"duration":60,"rating":"TV-PG","disable_autoplay":false,"id":"21180237","ppl_id":["37690"],"restriction_id":0,"public_url":"https://link.theplatform.com/s/xc6n8B/media/3KJPujcgPmaV","title":"This Day In History: 11/21/1980 - Who Shot J.R.?","description":"Find out what happened on November 21 in our This Day in History video. On November 21, 1783, history was made in the skies over Paris when the first manned un-tethered air balloon flight took place. On November 21, 1877, Thomas Edison had another idea. Edison created a device that could record and playback sound. On November 21, 1973, the Nixon Administration announced that there was an eighteen and a half minute gap on the Watergate tapes. Still no one knows what was said in that gap. Lastly, on November 21, 1980, 350 million people tuned into an episode of Dallas to see who shot J.R. It turned out to be an upset mistress.","poster":"https://cropper.watch.aetnd.com/public-content-aetn.video.aetnd.com/video-thumbnails/AETN-History_VMS/21/204/tdih-nov21-HD.jpg"},"video_of_the_day":[0]}},{"id":1018,"count":4,"description":"","link":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/year/1817","name":"1817","slug":"1817","taxonomy":"tdih_year","parent":0,"meta":{"featured_articles":[],"featured_video":[]}},{"id":406,"count":7398,"description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://history.com/\"\u003eHISTORY.com\u003c/a\u003e works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Articles with the “HISTORY.com Editors” byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/author/amanda-onion\"\u003eAmanda Onion\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/author/missy-sullivan\"\u003eMissy Sullivan\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/author/matt-mullen\"\u003eMatt Mullen\u003c/a\u003e and Christian Zapata.\u003c/p\u003e\n","link":"https://www.history.com/author/history","name":"History.com Editors","slug":"history","taxonomy":"story_byline","meta":{"avatar_image_id":"","featured_articles":[0],"job_title":"","facebook_url":"","linkedin_url":"","twitter_url":""},"title":[]},{"id":136,"count":174,"description":"\u003cp\u003eNative American history spans an array of diverse groups and leaders, including Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse and Tecumseh, and events like the Trail of Tears, the French and Indian War and the Battle of the Little Bighorn.\u003c/p\u003e\n","link":"https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history","name":"Native American History","slug":"native-american-history","taxonomy":"story_category","parent":0,"meta":{"featured_articles":[0],"featured_topics":[9310,11828,7582,9055],"featured_stories":[39740,40574,30717,31441],"featured_videos":[5468,2888,3382,4329],"featured_video":{"platform_id":2166237251941,"duration":61,"rating":"TV-PG","disable_autoplay":false,"id":2166237251941,"ppl_id":["266676"],"restriction_id":0,"public_url":"https://link.theplatform.com/s/xc6n8B/media/OnG0u0dv0yib","title":"More to History: Native American Solidarity at Alcatraz","description":"Alcatraz, known to most as a famous prison, became an important mark in salvation for Native American history.","poster":"https://cropper.watch.aetnd.com/public-content-aetn.video.aetnd.com/video-thumbnails/AETN-History_VMS/477/851/BRAND_THC_HSSH_266676_SFB_003_2398_5_20220823_02_0124150_NoOB_HD.jpg"}}}],"type":"this-day-in-history","date":"2020-11-21"},"bootstrap":{"site":{"name":"HISTORY","description":"","tdih_newsletter_image":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-594896582.jpg","topics_newsletter_image":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2015/12/king-tut-ancient-egypt.jpg","votd_newsletter_image":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/GettyImages-90884259-e1718115797881.jpg","votd_modal_image":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2012/05/marilyn-monroe-weds-joe-dimaggio-1954.jpg","tdih_modal_image":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2010/02/dr-martin-luther-king-jr-leading.jpg","inside_history_modal_image":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/10/GettyImages-530193813-nl.jpg"},"menus":{"primary":[{"ID":41606,"post_title":"Shows","title":"Shows","url":"https://www.history.com/shows","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":1,"children":[]},{"ID":41607,"post_title":"This Day In History","title":"This Day In History","url":"/this-day-in-history","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":2,"children":[]},{"ID":41608,"post_title":"Schedule","title":"Schedule","url":"https://www.history.com/schedule","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":3,"children":[]},{"ID":41610,"post_title":"Topics","title":"Topics","url":"/topics","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":4,"children":[]},{"ID":41609,"post_title":"Stories","title":"Stories","url":"/news","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":5,"children":[]}],"secondary":[{"ID":41611,"post_title":"History Classics","title":"History Classics","url":"https://play.history.com/channel/ancient-aliens-fan-favorites","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":["record"],"xfn":"","menu_order":1,"children":[]},{"ID":41612,"post_title":"Live TV","title":"Live TV","url":"https://play.history.com/live","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":["play"],"xfn":"","menu_order":2,"children":[]}],"extended":[{"ID":41605,"post_title":"Live TV","title":"Live TV","url":"https://play.history.com/live","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":1,"children":[]},{"ID":44109,"post_title":"History Classics","title":"History Classics","url":"https://play.history.com/channel/ancient-aliens-fan-favorites","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":2,"children":[]},{"ID":44110,"post_title":"Shows","title":"Shows","url":"https://www.history.com/shows","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":3,"children":[]},{"ID":44111,"post_title":"This Day In History","title":"This Day In History","url":"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":4,"children":[]},{"ID":44112,"post_title":"Schedule","title":"Schedule","url":"https://www.history.com/schedule","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":5,"children":[]},{"ID":44113,"post_title":"Topics","title":"Topics","url":"https://www.history.com/topics","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":6,"children":[]},{"ID":44114,"post_title":"Stories","title":"Stories","url":"https://www.history.com/news","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":7,"children":[]},{"ID":44115,"post_title":"Videos","title":"Videos","url":"https://www.history.com/videos","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":8,"children":[]},{"ID":44116,"post_title":"History Podcasts","title":"History Podcasts","url":"https://www.history.com/podcasts","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":9,"children":[]},{"ID":44117,"post_title":"History Vault","title":"History Vault","url":"https://www.historyvault.com/?cmpid=HV_O_Site_H_Menu","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":10,"children":[]}],"social":[{"ID":41613,"post_title":"Facebook","title":"Facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/History","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":1,"children":[]},{"ID":41614,"post_title":"Twitter","title":"Twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/history","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":2,"children":[]},{"ID":41615,"post_title":"YouTube","title":"YouTube","url":"https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=historychannel","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":3,"children":[]},{"ID":41616,"post_title":"Instagram","title":"Instagram","url":"http://instagram.com/history","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":4,"children":[]},{"ID":41617,"post_title":"TikTok","title":"TikTok","url":"https://www.tiktok.com/@history","target":"","attr_title":"","description":"","classes":[""],"xfn":"","menu_order":5,"children":[]}]},"meta":{"epas":[]}},"language":null,"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/this-day-in-history/[slug]","query":{"slug":"first-seminole-war-begins"},"buildId":"zQ071g4z-1OJvlBLY3TcS","assetPrefix":"https://www.history.com/editorial","runtimeConfig":{"API_ENDPOINT":"https://wp.editorial.aetnd.com/wp-json/corpnews/v1","LOCAL_API":"https://www.history.com/editorial/api","APP_ORIGIN":"https://www.history.com/editorial/","BASE_PATH":"","HOME_PAGE_TITLE":"Latest News","STAGING_BASIC_AUTH_USER":"","STAGING_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD":"","NODE_OPTIONS":"--insecure-http-parser","ANALYTICS_ENVIRONMENT":"prod","GENERIC_TAXONOMY_URL_PATH":"","GENERIC_TAXONOMY_ENDPOINT":"/","GENERIC_TAXONOMY_STORIES_TERM":"","IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER":"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/history-article-default.desktop.jpg"},"isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"gssp":true,"appGip":true,"locale":"en","locales":["en"],"defaultLocale":"en","scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>