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fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://uhi.academia.edu/">University of the Highlands and Islands - UHI</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://uhi.academia.edu/Departments/Institute_for_Northern_Studies/Documents">Institute for Northern Studies</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://aema.academia.edu/">The Australian Early Medieval Association</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://aema.academia.edu/Departments/Members/Documents">Members</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://historyofemotions.academia.edu/">Centre for the History of Emotions (Europe 1100-1800)</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://historyofemotions.academia.edu/Departments/History/Documents">History</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Honorary Associate Investigator</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://utas.academia.edu/">University of Tasmania</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://utas.academia.edu/Departments/School_of_History_and_Classics/Documents">School of History and Classics</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">University Associate</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Shane" data-follow-user-id="188650" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="188650"><span 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class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">I have recently joined the Norse and the Sea team, with a specific focus on Viking Age and Norse harbours and sea routes in Western Scotland. Now that I am back in the UK I also hope to update the Viking Age 'Scandinavian' burial material in Scotland. This has been made into a database published online (link below) which includes maps, photographs, a brief summary and bibliographic material for each site. The process of interpretation is ongoing.<br /><b>Address: </b>History and Classics<br />University Of Tasmania<br />Australia<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="188650">View All (38)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="188650" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/5784858/The_Beginning_of_Scandinavian_Settlement_in_England_The_Viking_Great_Army_and_Early_Settlers_c_865_900"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Beginning of Scandinavian Settlement in England: The Viking 'Great Army' and Early Settlers, c. 865-900 " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/5784858/The_Beginning_of_Scandinavian_Settlement_in_England_The_Viking_Great_Army_and_Early_Settlers_c_865_900">The Beginning of Scandinavian Settlement in England: The Viking 'Great Army' and Early Settlers, c. 865-900 </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"The conquest and settlement of lands in eastern England by Scandinavians represents an extreme m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"The conquest and settlement of lands in eastern England by Scandinavians represents an extreme migratory episode. The cultural interaction involved one group forcing themselves upon another from a position of military and political power. Despite this seemingly dominant position, by 900 CE the immigrants appear to have largely adopted the culture of the Anglo-Saxons whom they had recently defeated. Informed by migration theory, this work proposes that a major factor in this assimilation was the emigration point of the Scandinavians and the cultural experiences which they brought with them. <br /> <br />Although some of the Scandinavians may have emigrated directly from Scandinavia, most of the first generation of settlers apparently commenced their journey in either Ireland or northern Francia, particularly Frisia. Consequently, it is the culture of Scandinavians in these regions that needs to be assessed in searching for the cultural impact of Scandinavians upon eastern England. This may help to explain how the immigrants adapted to aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture, such as the issuing of coinage and at least public displays of Christianity, relatively quickly. The geographic origins of the Scandinavians also explain some of the innovations introduced by the migrants, including the use of client kings and the creation of ‘buffer’ states. <br /> <br />"</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5784858"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5784858"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5784858; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5784858]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5784858]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5784858; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5784858']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5784858, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5784858]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5784858,"title":"The Beginning of Scandinavian Settlement in England: The Viking 'Great Army' and Early Settlers, c. 865-900 ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"\"The conquest and settlement of lands in eastern England by Scandinavians represents an extreme migratory episode. The cultural interaction involved one group forcing themselves upon another from a position of military and political power. Despite this seemingly dominant position, by 900 CE the immigrants appear to have largely adopted the culture of the Anglo-Saxons whom they had recently defeated. Informed by migration theory, this work proposes that a major factor in this assimilation was the emigration point of the Scandinavians and the cultural experiences which they brought with them.\r\n\r\nAlthough some of the Scandinavians may have emigrated directly from Scandinavia, most of the first generation of settlers apparently commenced their journey in either Ireland or northern Francia, particularly Frisia. Consequently, it is the culture of Scandinavians in these regions that needs to be assessed in searching for the cultural impact of Scandinavians upon eastern England. This may help to explain how the immigrants adapted to aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture, such as the issuing of coinage and at least public displays of Christianity, relatively quickly. The geographic origins of the Scandinavians also explain some of the innovations introduced by the migrants, including the use of client kings and the creation of ‘buffer’ states.\r\n\r\n\"","more_info":"http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503545561-1","publisher":"Brepols","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":1,"year":2014,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"\"The conquest and settlement of lands in eastern England by Scandinavians represents an extreme migratory episode. The cultural interaction involved one group forcing themselves upon another from a position of military and political power. Despite this seemingly dominant position, by 900 CE the immigrants appear to have largely adopted the culture of the Anglo-Saxons whom they had recently defeated. Informed by migration theory, this work proposes that a major factor in this assimilation was the emigration point of the Scandinavians and the cultural experiences which they brought with them.\r\n\r\nAlthough some of the Scandinavians may have emigrated directly from Scandinavia, most of the first generation of settlers apparently commenced their journey in either Ireland or northern Francia, particularly Frisia. Consequently, it is the culture of Scandinavians in these regions that needs to be assessed in searching for the cultural impact of Scandinavians upon eastern England. This may help to explain how the immigrants adapted to aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture, such as the issuing of coinage and at least public displays of Christianity, relatively quickly. 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Most of the burials included grave-goods and are dated c. 850-950. The regional lists include (in order from top to bottom) burials where the site is known exactly, or at least to within 25m; those where the burial site is known to within 100m; and those where the approximate burial site is known but not to within 100m. The list excludes numerous burials where the site cannot be determined with any confidence. Photographs and maps are included of each site, along with a brief description and bibliographic literature. GPS points and NGR are also included to facilitate site visits. The emphasis is upon the location and visibility of the burials within the landscape, and what natural and man-made features were visible from the sites.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11502724"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11502724"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11502724; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11502724]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11502724]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11502724; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11502724']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11502724, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11502724]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11502724,"title":"Viking burials in Scotland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This website/blog (link above) comprises a list of culturally Scandinavian Viking Age burial sites in modern-day Scotland. Most of the burials included grave-goods and are dated c. 850-950. The regional lists include (in order from top to bottom) burials where the site is known exactly, or at least to within 25m; those where the burial site is known to within 100m; and those where the approximate burial site is known but not to within 100m. The list excludes numerous burials where the site cannot be determined with any confidence. Photographs and maps are included of each site, along with a brief description and bibliographic literature. GPS points and NGR are also included to facilitate site visits. The emphasis is upon the location and visibility of the burials within the landscape, and what natural and man-made features were visible from the sites."},"translated_abstract":"This website/blog (link above) comprises a list of culturally Scandinavian Viking Age burial sites in modern-day Scotland. Most of the burials included grave-goods and are dated c. 850-950. The regional lists include (in order from top to bottom) burials where the site is known exactly, or at least to within 25m; those where the burial site is known to within 100m; and those where the approximate burial site is known but not to within 100m. The list excludes numerous burials where the site cannot be determined with any confidence. Photographs and maps are included of each site, along with a brief description and bibliographic literature. GPS points and NGR are also included to facilitate site visits. The emphasis is upon the location and visibility of the burials within the landscape, and what natural and man-made features were visible from the sites.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11502724/Viking_burials_in_Scotland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-03-18T02:35:21.413-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Viking_burials_in_Scotland","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology"},{"id":9285,"name":"Early Medieval Scotland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Scotland"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":24940,"name":"Burial Practices (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Practices_Archaeology_"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic"},{"id":35053,"name":"Burial mounds (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_mounds_Archaeology_"},{"id":81559,"name":"Scotland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scotland"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":102188,"name":"Archaeology of death and burial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_death_and_burial"},{"id":123009,"name":"Burial Customs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Customs"}],"urls":[{"id":4603314,"url":"https://vikingfuneralscapes.wordpress.com/"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Articles & Book Chapters" id="Articles & Book Chapters"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Articles & Book Chapters by Shane McLeod</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116824883"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116824883/Norse_Navigation_in_the_Northern_Isles"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Norse Navigation in the Northern Isles" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112847690/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116824883/Norse_Navigation_in_the_Northern_Isles">Norse Navigation in the Northern Isles</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod">Shane McLeod</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uhi.academia.edu/AlexandraSanmark">Alexandra Sanmark</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the North Atlantic</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article explores the navigation and seafaring strategies used by Norse mariners in and aroun...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article explores the navigation and seafaring strategies used by Norse mariners in and around the Northern Isles of Scotland. To do so we draw upon a diverse range of sources including saga accounts, placenames, archaeological remains, early historic maps as well as logistical considerations. This diachronic perspective is inspired by Christer Westerdahl’s “maritime cultural landscapes” methodology as well as recent studies of prehistoric seafaring. It is demonstrated, through close examination of the available evidence, that the Norse mariners had very well-developed strategies to avoid dangers as well as maximize their efficiency at sea to ensure that journeys were as safe and fast as possible. Topics explored include navigation markers, naming strategies, landing places, portages, beacons, anchorages and pilots.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="98d50c408c4b6ca19ffdee69df631b38" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112847690,"asset_id":116824883,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112847690/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116824883"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116824883"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116824883; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116824883]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116824883]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116824883; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116824883']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 116824883, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "98d50c408c4b6ca19ffdee69df631b38" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116824883]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116824883,"title":"Norse Navigation in the Northern Isles","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This article explores the navigation and seafaring strategies used by Norse mariners in and around the Northern Isles of Scotland. 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To do so we draw upon a diverse range of sources including saga accounts, placenames, archaeological remains, early historic maps as well as logistical considerations. This diachronic perspective is inspired by Christer West\u0002erdahl’s “maritime cultural landscapes” methodology as well as recent studies of prehistoric seafaring. It is demonstrated, through close examination of the available evidence, that the Norse mariners had very well-developed strategies to avoid dangers as well as maximize their efficiency at sea to ensure that journeys were as safe and fast as possible. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105718522"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105718522/Ardvonrig_Isle_of_Barra_an_appraisal_of_the_location_of_a_Scandinavian_accompanied_burial"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 'Ardvonrig', Isle of Barra: an appraisal of the location of a Scandinavian accompanied burial" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105107617/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105718522/Ardvonrig_Isle_of_Barra_an_appraisal_of_the_location_of_a_Scandinavian_accompanied_burial">'Ardvonrig', Isle of Barra: an appraisal of the location of a Scandinavian accompanied burial</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This note assesses the likely location of the 'Ardvonrig' accompanied Viking Age burial found in ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This note assesses the likely location of the 'Ardvonrig' accompanied Viking Age burial found in 1862 on the Isle of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, and considers whether the exact location of the burial can be determined following a visit to the site in 2014. The possible reasons for the choice of burial location are then assessed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="105ced7fdff50d3f6381ec93cba9f6e7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105107617,"asset_id":105718522,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105107617/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105718522"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105718522"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105718522; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105718522]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105718522]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105718522; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105718522']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105718522, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "105ced7fdff50d3f6381ec93cba9f6e7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105718522]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105718522,"title":"'Ardvonrig', Isle of Barra: an appraisal of the location of a Scandinavian accompanied burial","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This note assesses the likely location of the 'Ardvonrig' accompanied Viking Age burial found in 1862 on the Isle of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, and considers whether the exact location of the burial can be determined following a visit to the site in 2014. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104787118"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104787118/Between_the_winter_camps_Logistics_of_the_Viking_Great_Army"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Between the winter camps: Logistics of the Viking Great Army" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104787118/Between_the_winter_camps_Logistics_of_the_Viking_Great_Army">Between the winter camps: Logistics of the Viking Great Army</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Viking Camps: Case Studies and Comparisons</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Our understanding of the winter camps used by the Viking Great Army in England between CE 865 and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our understanding of the winter camps used by the Viking Great Army in<br />England between CE 865 and 878 has benefitted greatly from the discovery and excavation of the camps they used at Torksey (872–3), Repton (873–4), and possibly Aldwark (875–6). These excavations have greatly fleshed out the scanty written sources on winter camps and provided an insight into such things as positioning and defences, activities carried out in the camps, the size of the camps and, crucially for this paper, the number of likely inhabitants. The area covered by the camp at Torksey, fifty-five hectares, suggests that it could have accommodated between 1,500 and 5,000 inhabitants (Hadley & Richards 2016: 26, 59), which is clearly at odds with the notion that Viking armies numbered in the hundreds rather than thousands (Sawyer 1971: 125–129). An interesting aspect of the Torksey excavations was the range of activities taking place at the camp in the winter of 872–3. These include metal-working, woodworking and textile working, trading, and possible currency production. Crucially, there is some evidence for local Anglo-Saxon<br />metal-workers, as well as women (Hadley & Richards 2016: 54–55, 57–58). This suggests that the number of people present in the winter camps does not necessarily represent the number of people in the Great Army, as once the army was established in a winter camp for a number of months they could have been joined by traders, crafts-people, and family members. Regardless of the total number of occupants that inhabited the camp, the Torksey winter camp suggests that the army numbered at least 1,000 warriors, meaning that a large number of warriors was traversing England when they were not in a winter camp. This raises a number of logistical questions about the Great Army: what mode of transport did they use? Which routes did they take? How far could they travel each day? Where did they stay when they were not in a winter camp? How much food was required during a journey and how did they acquire it? This paper intends on making a start on answering these questions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104787118"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104787118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104787118; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104787118]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104787118]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104787118; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104787118']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104787118, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104787118]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104787118,"title":"Between the winter camps: Logistics of the Viking Great Army","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Our understanding of the winter camps used by the Viking Great Army in\nEngland between CE 865 and 878 has benefitted greatly from the discovery and excavation of the camps they used at Torksey (872–3), Repton (873–4), and possibly Aldwark (875–6). These excavations have greatly fleshed out the scanty written sources on winter camps and provided an insight into such things as positioning and defences, activities carried out in the camps, the size of the camps and, crucially for this paper, the number of likely inhabitants. The area covered by the camp at Torksey, fifty-five hectares, suggests that it could have accommodated between 1,500 and 5,000 inhabitants (Hadley \u0026 Richards 2016: 26, 59), which is clearly at odds with the notion that Viking armies numbered in the hundreds rather than thousands (Sawyer 1971: 125–129). An interesting aspect of the Torksey excavations was the range of activities taking place at the camp in the winter of 872–3. These include metal-working, woodworking and textile working, trading, and possible currency production. Crucially, there is some evidence for local Anglo-Saxon\nmetal-workers, as well as women (Hadley \u0026 Richards 2016: 54–55, 57–58). This suggests that the number of people present in the winter camps does not necessarily represent the number of people in the Great Army, as once the army was established in a winter camp for a number of months they could have been joined by traders, crafts-people, and family members. Regardless of the total number of occupants that inhabited the camp, the Torksey winter camp suggests that the army numbered at least 1,000 warriors, meaning that a large number of warriors was traversing England when they were not in a winter camp. This raises a number of logistical questions about the Great Army: what mode of transport did they use? Which routes did they take? How far could they travel each day? Where did they stay when they were not in a winter camp? How much food was required during a journey and how did they acquire it? This paper intends on making a start on answering these questions.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Viking Camps: Case Studies and Comparisons"},"translated_abstract":"Our understanding of the winter camps used by the Viking Great Army in\nEngland between CE 865 and 878 has benefitted greatly from the discovery and excavation of the camps they used at Torksey (872–3), Repton (873–4), and possibly Aldwark (875–6). These excavations have greatly fleshed out the scanty written sources on winter camps and provided an insight into such things as positioning and defences, activities carried out in the camps, the size of the camps and, crucially for this paper, the number of likely inhabitants. The area covered by the camp at Torksey, fifty-five hectares, suggests that it could have accommodated between 1,500 and 5,000 inhabitants (Hadley \u0026 Richards 2016: 26, 59), which is clearly at odds with the notion that Viking armies numbered in the hundreds rather than thousands (Sawyer 1971: 125–129). An interesting aspect of the Torksey excavations was the range of activities taking place at the camp in the winter of 872–3. These include metal-working, woodworking and textile working, trading, and possible currency production. Crucially, there is some evidence for local Anglo-Saxon\nmetal-workers, as well as women (Hadley \u0026 Richards 2016: 54–55, 57–58). This suggests that the number of people present in the winter camps does not necessarily represent the number of people in the Great Army, as once the army was established in a winter camp for a number of months they could have been joined by traders, crafts-people, and family members. Regardless of the total number of occupants that inhabited the camp, the Torksey winter camp suggests that the army numbered at least 1,000 warriors, meaning that a large number of warriors was traversing England when they were not in a winter camp. This raises a number of logistical questions about the Great Army: what mode of transport did they use? Which routes did they take? How far could they travel each day? Where did they stay when they were not in a winter camp? How much food was required during a journey and how did they acquire it? This paper intends on making a start on answering these questions.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104787118/Between_the_winter_camps_Logistics_of_the_Viking_Great_Army","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-07-21T03:51:25.000-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Between_the_winter_camps_Logistics_of_the_Viking_Great_Army","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies"},{"id":4268,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies_History_"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":7629,"name":"Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":39431,"name":"Anglo-Saxon archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_archaeology"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":97538,"name":"Material Culture of the Viking age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_of_the_Viking_age"}],"urls":[{"id":33002415,"url":"https://www.routledge.com/Viking-Camps-Case-Studies-and-Comparisons/Hedenstierna-Jonson-LOSQUINO/p/book/9781032389493"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42003389"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42003389/Shieldmaidens_in_Anglo_Saxon_England_Historical_Possibility_or_Wishful_Thinking"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Shieldmaidens in Anglo-Saxon England: Historical Possibility or Wishful Thinking?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42003389/Shieldmaidens_in_Anglo_Saxon_England_Historical_Possibility_or_Wishful_Thinking">Shieldmaidens in Anglo-Saxon England: Historical Possibility or Wishful Thinking?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vikings and the Vikings: Essays on Television's History Channel Series</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In 'Vikings', Scandinavian women are regularly depicted as warriors, or shieldmaidens, fighting b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In 'Vikings', Scandinavian women are regularly depicted as warriors, or shieldmaidens, fighting both in international raids and in defending their homes. But is this portrayal likely to be accurate? Following an examination of the depiction of warrior women in the series, this essay will try to answer this question by focusing on one of the regions that shieldmaidens in the series are shown fighting in, Anglo-Saxon England. England benefits from having primary written sources for the Viking Age, as well as numerous excavations, including the burials of three females with weapons, making them potential shieldmaidens.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42003389"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42003389"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42003389; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42003389]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42003389]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42003389; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42003389']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42003389, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42003389]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42003389,"title":"Shieldmaidens in Anglo-Saxon England: Historical Possibility or Wishful Thinking?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In 'Vikings', Scandinavian women are regularly depicted as warriors, or shieldmaidens, fighting both in international raids and in defending their homes. But is this portrayal likely to be accurate? Following an examination of the depiction of warrior women in the series, this essay will try to answer this question by focusing on one of the regions that shieldmaidens in the series are shown fighting in, Anglo-Saxon England. England benefits from having primary written sources for the Viking Age, as well as numerous excavations, including the burials of three females with weapons, making them potential shieldmaidens.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Vikings and the Vikings: Essays on Television's History Channel Series"},"translated_abstract":"In 'Vikings', Scandinavian women are regularly depicted as warriors, or shieldmaidens, fighting both in international raids and in defending their homes. But is this portrayal likely to be accurate? Following an examination of the depiction of warrior women in the series, this essay will try to answer this question by focusing on one of the regions that shieldmaidens in the series are shown fighting in, Anglo-Saxon England. England benefits from having primary written sources for the Viking Age, as well as numerous excavations, including the burials of three females with weapons, making them potential shieldmaidens.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42003389/Shieldmaidens_in_Anglo_Saxon_England_Historical_Possibility_or_Wishful_Thinking","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-02-17T18:35:04.284-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Shieldmaidens_in_Anglo_Saxon_England_Historical_Possibility_or_Wishful_Thinking","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod","email":"TzNGUXhIRlI2RjZ2bTNCWnFhUVpFK0NmU1lsYzVKVDJscVJKNElaVmtTMD0tLXBHMGpDVGxLWU45VHM1dFdqL2trV3c9PQ==--935aff2586af8201ca3459d4eafb6d95baa8208f"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies"},{"id":1571,"name":"Television Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Television_Studies"},{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies"},{"id":4268,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies_History_"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":16758,"name":"Early medieval Britain (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_medieval_Britain_Archaeology_"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":19618,"name":"Anglo Saxon Burial Studies (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo_Saxon_Burial_Studies_Archaeology_"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":97538,"name":"Material Culture of the Viking age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_of_the_Viking_age"},{"id":988067,"name":"Viking Swords","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Swords"}],"urls":[{"id":8955932,"url":"https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/vikings-and-the-vikings/"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40975013"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/40975013/Sound_Movement_and_Emotion_An_Historically_Informed_Performance_at_a_Viking_Burial_Site"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sound, Movement, and Emotion: An Historically-Informed Performance at a Viking Burial Site" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/40975013/Sound_Movement_and_Emotion_An_Historically_Informed_Performance_at_a_Viking_Burial_Site">Sound, Movement, and Emotion: An Historically-Informed Performance at a Viking Burial Site</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod">Shane McLeod</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/DrCarlosGalanDiaz">Dr. Carlos Galan-Diaz</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Northern Scotland</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Funeralscapes team comprise three academics in contrasting but complementary disciplines. Sha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Funeralscapes team comprise three academics in contrasting but<br />complementary disciplines. Shane McLeod, a historian of the Viking Age was<br />based at the University of Stirling, Frances Wilkins, an ethnomusicologist based<br />at the Elphinstone Institute, University of Aberdeen, and Carlos Galán-Díaz, an<br />environmental psychologist who was then based at dot.rural at the University of<br />Aberdeen. The project emerged from a funding competition run by the Centre<br />for Academic Development entitled ‘How to Collaborate Virtually’ where early<br />career researchers were encouraged to collaborate together, online, to produce a<br />funding application for £1000 to carry out an interdisciplinary, inter-institutional<br />project. On winning this competition our goal in conducting this project was<br />to explore the idea of working with participants to use historical re-enactment,<br />using sound including song, as a means of gaining a greater understanding of<br />the historical landscape, and exploring emotional reactions to this form of place-based, contextual learning.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40975013"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40975013"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40975013; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40975013]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40975013]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40975013; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40975013']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40975013, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40975013]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40975013,"title":"Sound, Movement, and Emotion: An Historically-Informed Performance at a Viking Burial Site","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0183","issue":"2","volume":"10","abstract":"The Funeralscapes team comprise three academics in contrasting but\ncomplementary disciplines. Shane McLeod, a historian of the Viking Age was\nbased at the University of Stirling, Frances Wilkins, an ethnomusicologist based\nat the Elphinstone Institute, University of Aberdeen, and Carlos Galán-Díaz, an\nenvironmental psychologist who was then based at dot.rural at the University of\nAberdeen. The project emerged from a funding competition run by the Centre\nfor Academic Development entitled ‘How to Collaborate Virtually’ where early\ncareer researchers were encouraged to collaborate together, online, to produce a\nfunding application for £1000 to carry out an interdisciplinary, inter-institutional\nproject. On winning this competition our goal in conducting this project was\nto explore the idea of working with participants to use historical re-enactment,\nusing sound including song, as a means of gaining a greater understanding of\nthe historical landscape, and exploring emotional reactions to this form of place-based, contextual learning.","page_numbers":"121-131","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Northern Scotland"},"translated_abstract":"The Funeralscapes team comprise three academics in contrasting but\ncomplementary disciplines. Shane McLeod, a historian of the Viking Age was\nbased at the University of Stirling, Frances Wilkins, an ethnomusicologist based\nat the Elphinstone Institute, University of Aberdeen, and Carlos Galán-Díaz, an\nenvironmental psychologist who was then based at dot.rural at the University of\nAberdeen. The project emerged from a funding competition run by the Centre\nfor Academic Development entitled ‘How to Collaborate Virtually’ where early\ncareer researchers were encouraged to collaborate together, online, to produce a\nfunding application for £1000 to carry out an interdisciplinary, inter-institutional\nproject. On winning this competition our goal in conducting this project was\nto explore the idea of working with participants to use historical re-enactment,\nusing sound including song, as a means of gaining a greater understanding of\nthe historical landscape, and exploring emotional reactions to this form of place-based, contextual learning.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40975013/Sound_Movement_and_Emotion_An_Historically_Informed_Performance_at_a_Viking_Burial_Site","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-11-18T14:16:20.664-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":33301570,"work_id":40975013,"tagging_user_id":188650,"tagged_user_id":293864,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"f***s@abdn.ac.uk","affiliation":"University of Aberdeen","display_order":0,"name":"Frances Wilkins","title":"Sound, Movement, and Emotion: An Historically-Informed Performance at a Viking Burial Site"},{"id":33301571,"work_id":40975013,"tagging_user_id":188650,"tagged_user_id":57066,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***r@yahoo.com","affiliation":"University of St Andrews","display_order":4194304,"name":"Dr. Carlos Galan-Diaz","title":"Sound, Movement, and Emotion: An Historically-Informed Performance at a Viking Burial Site"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Sound_Movement_and_Emotion_An_Historically_Informed_Performance_at_a_Viking_Burial_Site","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":12538,"name":"Funeral Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funeral_Practices"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":24940,"name":"Burial Practices (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Practices_Archaeology_"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic"},{"id":35053,"name":"Burial mounds (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_mounds_Archaeology_"},{"id":82272,"name":"Funeral Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funeral_Archaeology"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":102188,"name":"Archaeology of death and burial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_death_and_burial"},{"id":123009,"name":"Burial Customs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Customs"},{"id":324649,"name":"Funeral Rites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funeral_Rites"},{"id":370544,"name":"Historical Reenacment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Reenacment"}],"urls":[{"id":32728447,"url":"https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/nor.2019.0183"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39668422"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39668422/Human_Sacrifice_in_Viking_Age_Britain_and_Ireland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Human Sacrifice in Viking Age Britain and Ireland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60993303/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39668422/Human_Sacrifice_in_Viking_Age_Britain_and_Ireland">Human Sacrifice in Viking Age Britain and Ireland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attribut...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attributes commonly associated with the Vikings both in post-Viking Age medieval written and visual sources and in popular imagination, the latter perhaps best exemplified by the ‘blood eagle’ as performed on Jarl Borg and King Ælle of Northumbria in the popular television show Vikings. But is there any unequivocal contemporary evidence for human sacrifice? This paper will briefly discuss the problems of interpreting the evidence for human sacrifice, before concentrating on the evidence from Britain and Ireland. Despite the silence of contemporary insular written sources, it is found that there is one certain and other probable examples of human sacrifices in the<br />archaeological records of England, Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Ireland. Amongst the probable examples is a new suggestion that human sacrifice occurred at Whithorn, the site of a Northumbrian bishopric and monastery, but now in southern Scotland. Discussion of Whithorn will be the focus of the article. The evidence for human sacrifice will be briefly discussed with regard to the active practice of Norse religious beliefs in Britain, and in the Scandinavian acculturation to indigenous practices,<br />including Christianity, in the ninth and tenth centuries CE.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46480c3c7181bb66be2f1a74fdf961ae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60993303,"asset_id":39668422,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60993303/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39668422"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39668422"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39668422; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39668422]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39668422]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39668422; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39668422']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39668422, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "46480c3c7181bb66be2f1a74fdf961ae" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39668422]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39668422,"title":"Human Sacrifice in Viking Age Britain and Ireland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attributes commonly associated with the Vikings both in post-Viking Age medieval written and visual sources and in popular imagination, the latter perhaps best exemplified by the ‘blood eagle’ as performed on Jarl Borg and King Ælle of Northumbria in the popular television show Vikings. But is there any unequivocal contemporary evidence for human sacrifice? This paper will briefly discuss the problems of interpreting the evidence for human sacrifice, before concentrating on the evidence from Britain and Ireland. Despite the silence of contemporary insular written sources, it is found that there is one certain and other probable examples of human sacrifices in the\narchaeological records of England, Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Ireland. Amongst the probable examples is a new suggestion that human sacrifice occurred at Whithorn, the site of a Northumbrian bishopric and monastery, but now in southern Scotland. Discussion of Whithorn will be the focus of the article. The evidence for human sacrifice will be briefly discussed with regard to the active practice of Norse religious beliefs in Britain, and in the Scandinavian acculturation to indigenous practices,\nincluding Christianity, in the ninth and tenth centuries CE.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association"},"translated_abstract":"Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attributes commonly associated with the Vikings both in post-Viking Age medieval written and visual sources and in popular imagination, the latter perhaps best exemplified by the ‘blood eagle’ as performed on Jarl Borg and King Ælle of Northumbria in the popular television show Vikings. But is there any unequivocal contemporary evidence for human sacrifice? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36372639"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36372639/Gender_and_Mobility_in_Viking_Age_Scotland_pre_publication_draft"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gender and Mobility in Viking Age Scotland - pre-publication draft" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56299029/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36372639/Gender_and_Mobility_in_Viking_Age_Scotland_pre_publication_draft">Gender and Mobility in Viking Age Scotland - pre-publication draft</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gender and Mobility in Scotland and Abroad</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter will investigate the record of culturally ‘Scandinavian’ Viking Age burials in Scotl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter will investigate the record of culturally ‘Scandinavian’ Viking Age burials in Scotland to assess the age and sex ratios of those buried, as well as the mobility of those assessed by isotope analysis. This will lead to a discussion of migration routes to Scotland during the Viking Age, and address issues of identity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b77c41dee611f64bc1ce1e0ce13f3850" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56299029,"asset_id":36372639,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56299029/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36372639"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36372639"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36372639; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36372639]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36372639]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36372639; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36372639']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36372639, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b77c41dee611f64bc1ce1e0ce13f3850" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36372639]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36372639,"title":"Gender and Mobility in Viking Age Scotland - pre-publication draft","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter will investigate the record of culturally ‘Scandinavian’ Viking Age burials in Scotland to assess the age and sex ratios of those buried, as well as the mobility of those assessed by isotope analysis. 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This will lead to a discussion of migration routes to Scotland during the Viking Age, and address issues of 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31812825/Viking_Age_Scandinavian_Churchyard_Burial_in_Scotland_c_850_950_CE">Viking Age Scandinavian Churchyard Burial in Scotland, c. 850-950 CE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Beyond Borealism: New Perspectives on the North</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or otherwise different to indigenous burials) in present-day Scotland, only five Christian cemeteries are known with certainty to be associated with Scandinavian burials, although there are another three possible examples. Of the five certain sites, two are in the northern isles of Orkney and Shetland and three are in southern Scotland. This paper provides a brief overview of all eight sites before concentrating on the five certain examples. It considers the possible reasons for the choice of this burial location, and what it may say about the religious affiliation of the deceased and those who buried them, and the acculturation process between the immigrants and local populations. The different political circumstances in the regions of the sites are also examined. The paper concludes that there is no single answer to explain the phenomenon, and that it may point to the deliberate adoption of multiple burial locations by an incoming population wanting to fulfill multiple objectives: demonstrating their legitimacy, remembering their cultural heritage, and adapting to the practices and practicalities of their new home.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31812825"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31812825"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31812825; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31812825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31812825]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31812825; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31812825']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31812825, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31812825]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31812825,"title":"Viking Age Scandinavian Churchyard Burial in Scotland, c. 850-950 CE","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or otherwise different to indigenous burials) in present-day Scotland, only five Christian cemeteries are known with certainty to be associated with Scandinavian burials, although there are another three possible examples. Of the five certain sites, two are in the northern isles of Orkney and Shetland and three are in southern Scotland. This paper provides a brief overview of all eight sites before concentrating on the five certain examples. It considers the possible reasons for the choice of this burial location, and what it may say about the religious affiliation of the deceased and those who buried them, and the acculturation process between the immigrants and local populations. The different political circumstances in the regions of the sites are also examined. The paper concludes that there is no single answer to explain the phenomenon, and that it may point to the deliberate adoption of multiple burial locations by an incoming population wanting to fulfill multiple objectives: demonstrating their legitimacy, remembering their cultural heritage, and adapting to the practices and practicalities of their new home.","publisher":"Norvik Press","publication_name":"Beyond Borealism: New Perspectives on the North"},"translated_abstract":"Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or otherwise different to indigenous burials) in present-day Scotland, only five Christian cemeteries are known with certainty to be associated with Scandinavian burials, although there are another three possible examples. Of the five certain sites, two are in the northern isles of Orkney and Shetland and three are in southern Scotland. This paper provides a brief overview of all eight sites before concentrating on the five certain examples. It considers the possible reasons for the choice of this burial location, and what it may say about the religious affiliation of the deceased and those who buried them, and the acculturation process between the immigrants and local populations. The different political circumstances in the regions of the sites are also examined. The paper concludes that there is no single answer to explain the phenomenon, and that it may point to the deliberate adoption of multiple burial locations by an incoming population wanting to fulfill multiple objectives: demonstrating their legitimacy, remembering their cultural heritage, and adapting to the practices and practicalities of their new home.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31812825/Viking_Age_Scandinavian_Churchyard_Burial_in_Scotland_c_850_950_CE","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-10T22:21:17.208-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Viking_Age_Scandinavian_Churchyard_Burial_in_Scotland_c_850_950_CE","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":5305,"name":"Scottish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Studies"},{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":7629,"name":"Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic"},{"id":81559,"name":"Scotland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scotland"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":123009,"name":"Burial Customs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Customs"}],"urls":[{"id":7999625,"url":"http://www.nordicresearchnetwork.co.uk/beyond-borealism.html"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19328935"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19328935/Legitimation_through_Association_Scandinavian_Accompanied_Burials_and_Prehistoric_Monuments_in_Orkney"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Legitimation through Association? Scandinavian Accompanied Burials and Prehistoric Monuments in Orkney" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40559238/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19328935/Legitimation_through_Association_Scandinavian_Accompanied_Burials_and_Prehistoric_Monuments_in_Orkney">Legitimation through Association? Scandinavian Accompanied Burials and Prehistoric Monuments in Orkney</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In Orkney, most Scandinavian accompanied burials are close to the sea, settlements, and, to a les...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In Orkney, most Scandinavian accompanied burials are close to the sea, settlements, and, to a lesser extent, pre-Viking Age monuments. The first two were largely prosaic choices, but the latter may indicate an aspect of the mindset of the incoming elite. Based on studies of the re-use of pre-Viking Age monuments in Viking Age Scandinavia, I propose that this<br />association was deliberate and related to a desire to legitimize the occupation of the land and signal the control of the seaways. I also suggest that burial re-use was common before prominent settlement mounds began to perform these functions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6420a990787eff4d70a957be2991cd9c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40559238,"asset_id":19328935,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40559238/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19328935"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19328935"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19328935; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19328935]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19328935]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19328935; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19328935']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19328935, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6420a990787eff4d70a957be2991cd9c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19328935]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19328935,"title":"Legitimation through Association? Scandinavian Accompanied Burials and Prehistoric Monuments in Orkney","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In Orkney, most Scandinavian accompanied burials are close to the sea, settlements, and, to a lesser extent, pre-Viking Age monuments. The first two were largely prosaic choices, but the latter may indicate an aspect of the mindset of the incoming elite. Based on studies of the re-use of pre-Viking Age monuments in Viking Age Scandinavia, I propose that this\nassociation was deliberate and related to a desire to legitimize the occupation of the land and signal the control of the seaways. I also suggest that burial re-use was common before prominent settlement mounds began to perform these functions."},"translated_abstract":"In Orkney, most Scandinavian accompanied burials are close to the sea, settlements, and, to a lesser extent, pre-Viking Age monuments. The first two were largely prosaic choices, but the latter may indicate an aspect of the mindset of the incoming elite. Based on studies of the re-use of pre-Viking Age monuments in Viking Age Scandinavia, I propose that this\nassociation was deliberate and related to a desire to legitimize the occupation of the land and signal the control of the seaways. I also suggest that burial re-use was common before prominent settlement mounds began to perform these functions.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19328935/Legitimation_through_Association_Scandinavian_Accompanied_Burials_and_Prehistoric_Monuments_in_Orkney","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-12-01T18:35:00.627-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40559238,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40559238/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"04-JONA-2015-28-complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40559238/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Legitimation_through_Association_Scandin.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/40559238/04-JONA-2015-28-complete-libre.pdf?1449023517=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLegitimation_through_Association_Scandin.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=IKCtDLc4tqhEvZM9jxESbU0FtBB4rFR6X8XtIvrKVDx5ho-8Rod8ZgQv~sLYREuM8fH6fJcW4P0eI9CHmGa3Smu5AXMB-6QH7MnMmG-THxP5LEAqwK5GLnvrquDyqdDXZMRb6LA8OZ-fvUmw0ECLap4OZ1gKvl4FSooQAh6qA5Z1faW5pNunvsaHBq53mxsu~BuSAjLJxF0yBovpMKTsqE4uHGD-Owu27PV85CZ4hGFbt19sNG~Rvn~4zQoZJSRl1FxSVegOIhOrzDH3DVSbWWX5U-HUO5z6lOZ4ZR3oRJqPazXoQ~jnmS1WrsOPhuGHT06BdA7KsM5JsbmdRRYW5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Legitimation_through_Association_Scandinavian_Accompanied_Burials_and_Prehistoric_Monuments_in_Orkney","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod","email":"M3dsTlREV1QrOTZqL2lxYkJ5NWtkUUhRampicGt1ZU9Fcmx0RGk0TnBmaz0tLWpYaGJiSC9CMDNzOWxHK0NOTnphVWc9PQ==--61c8a7b47f57cc2c5b200e25682580221cd9e21b"},"attachments":[{"id":40559238,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40559238/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"04-JONA-2015-28-complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40559238/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Legitimation_through_Association_Scandin.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/40559238/04-JONA-2015-28-complete-libre.pdf?1449023517=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLegitimation_through_Association_Scandin.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=IKCtDLc4tqhEvZM9jxESbU0FtBB4rFR6X8XtIvrKVDx5ho-8Rod8ZgQv~sLYREuM8fH6fJcW4P0eI9CHmGa3Smu5AXMB-6QH7MnMmG-THxP5LEAqwK5GLnvrquDyqdDXZMRb6LA8OZ-fvUmw0ECLap4OZ1gKvl4FSooQAh6qA5Z1faW5pNunvsaHBq53mxsu~BuSAjLJxF0yBovpMKTsqE4uHGD-Owu27PV85CZ4hGFbt19sNG~Rvn~4zQoZJSRl1FxSVegOIhOrzDH3DVSbWWX5U-HUO5z6lOZ4ZR3oRJqPazXoQ~jnmS1WrsOPhuGHT06BdA7KsM5JsbmdRRYW5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":24940,"name":"Burial Practices (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Practices_Archaeology_"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic"},{"id":81559,"name":"Scotland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scotland"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11828718"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11828718/The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_politics_of_Northumbria_Dublin_and_the_Community_of_St_Cuthbert_in_the_Viking_Age_c_870_950_CE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The dubh gall in southern Scotland: the politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870-950 CE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37232684/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11828718/The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_politics_of_Northumbria_Dublin_and_the_Community_of_St_Cuthbert_in_the_Viking_Age_c_870_950_CE">The dubh gall in southern Scotland: the politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870-950 CE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies</span><span>, Mar 20, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The wide-ranging interests of the Scandinavians who controlled Dublin from 851, known as the dubh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The wide-ranging interests of the Scandinavians who controlled Dublin from 851, known as the dubh gall (and later the Uí Ímair), have been noted by some scholars. At various times they are thought to have controlled or exercised some form of over-lordship over the Kingdom of Northumbria, northern Wales, and southern Scotland, including the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Although evidence from present-day northern England and southern Scotland are often assessed separately, it is important to note that much of southern Scotland was part of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria up to c. 950 CE. It is argued in this paper that the political interests of Scandinavian kings of York (members of the dubh gall/Uí Ímair), often aligned with the Archbishop of York and the Community of St Cuthbert, explains much of the evidence for Scandinavian burial and settlement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="91ceea4c654b448e66afd74cbe40f413" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37232684,"asset_id":11828718,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37232684/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11828718"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11828718"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11828718; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11828718]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11828718]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11828718; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11828718']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11828718, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "91ceea4c654b448e66afd74cbe40f413" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11828718]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11828718,"title":"The dubh gall in southern Scotland: the politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870-950 CE","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The wide-ranging interests of the Scandinavians who controlled Dublin from 851, known as the dubh gall (and later the Uí Ímair), have been noted by some scholars. At various times they are thought to have controlled or exercised some form of over-lordship over the Kingdom of Northumbria, northern Wales, and southern Scotland, including the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Although evidence from present-day northern England and southern Scotland are often assessed separately, it is important to note that much of southern Scotland was part of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria up to c. 950 CE. It is argued in this paper that the political interests of Scandinavian kings of York (members of the dubh gall/Uí Ímair), often aligned with the Archbishop of York and the Community of St Cuthbert, explains much of the evidence for Scandinavian burial and settlement.","publication_date":{"day":20,"month":3,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies"},"translated_abstract":"The wide-ranging interests of the Scandinavians who controlled Dublin from 851, known as the dubh gall (and later the Uí Ímair), have been noted by some scholars. At various times they are thought to have controlled or exercised some form of over-lordship over the Kingdom of Northumbria, northern Wales, and southern Scotland, including the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Although evidence from present-day northern England and southern Scotland are often assessed separately, it is important to note that much of southern Scotland was part of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria up to c. 950 CE. It is argued in this paper that the political interests of Scandinavian kings of York (members of the dubh gall/Uí Ímair), often aligned with the Archbishop of York and the Community of St Cuthbert, explains much of the evidence for Scandinavian burial and settlement.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11828718/The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_politics_of_Northumbria_Dublin_and_the_Community_of_St_Cuthbert_in_the_Viking_Age_c_870_950_CE","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-04-07T06:41:08.608-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37232684,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37232684/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"McLeod-article.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37232684/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_p.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37232684/McLeod-article-libre.pdf?1428414028=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_p.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=a6YvAHjzdbOwiHZjrhD1KFA3ZnOx3chwkNsnKIIqADbFTneNeT-xcbhiimElsZC5gVazX1d6I6j-U7Fqvv~8aU9fvdMSKYGMN~I9rA-4tppLzyfylfZdBxUAnfvseA0NnIZmN5j1k2GFTb-cILRM1yPCEHYRrNJZvCz1lI2JJXo6T0oSzxfcYhgUG~okNCQ~0dCoTZPePJ1V6IgUYJoQWxTNapclNK1IO0RRzYkuai1xdclGdrQRAw~W2pnWR63bfj9TdkXGzwcimDhacHANAK2pBQki5oAQh9nYb3Ksw5F6FcY2BlBTT7moomrMjO~oobAKfHaf~9-NJJxzSfrFsA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_politics_of_Northumbria_Dublin_and_the_Community_of_St_Cuthbert_in_the_Viking_Age_c_870_950_CE","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod","email":"S0VPVlozSlR6SWduUEd2bnlkRXRTSFFldzZNWm9qaFZvOUVJeW5HOGdocz0tLW5acy82M2ZXSGhzK1FpUTYvanY1YVE9PQ==--c241eda27ee35c13a1cd1704d71e3637f515540f"},"attachments":[{"id":37232684,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37232684/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"McLeod-article.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37232684/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_p.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37232684/McLeod-article-libre.pdf?1428414028=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_p.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=a6YvAHjzdbOwiHZjrhD1KFA3ZnOx3chwkNsnKIIqADbFTneNeT-xcbhiimElsZC5gVazX1d6I6j-U7Fqvv~8aU9fvdMSKYGMN~I9rA-4tppLzyfylfZdBxUAnfvseA0NnIZmN5j1k2GFTb-cILRM1yPCEHYRrNJZvCz1lI2JJXo6T0oSzxfcYhgUG~okNCQ~0dCoTZPePJ1V6IgUYJoQWxTNapclNK1IO0RRzYkuai1xdclGdrQRAw~W2pnWR63bfj9TdkXGzwcimDhacHANAK2pBQki5oAQh9nYb3Ksw5F6FcY2BlBTT7moomrMjO~oobAKfHaf~9-NJJxzSfrFsA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies"},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology"},{"id":4268,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies_History_"},{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":19618,"name":"Anglo Saxon Burial Studies (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo_Saxon_Burial_Studies_Archaeology_"},{"id":39431,"name":"Anglo-Saxon archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_archaeology"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":125653,"name":"Anglo-Saxons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxons"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="23179098"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/23179098/A_Traveller_s_End_A_Reconsideration_of_a_Viking_Age_Burial_at_Carronbridge_Dumfriesshire"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Traveller’s End? — A Reconsideration of a Viking-Age Burial at Carronbridge, Dumfriesshire." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/23179098/A_Traveller_s_End_A_Reconsideration_of_a_Viking_Age_Burial_at_Carronbridge_Dumfriesshire">A Traveller’s End? — A Reconsideration of a Viking-Age Burial at Carronbridge, Dumfriesshire.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A collection of metalwork — a sword, penannular brooch, and sickle — was found close together in ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A collection of metalwork — a sword, penannular brooch, and sickle — was found close together in 1989 at Carronbridge in north-central Dumfriesshire and they are thought to have been deposited in the ninth or tenth centuries. In the published report it was suggested that they belonged to a ‘lone traveller’, and a later review of the burial concluded that it should be raised ‘to the category of pagan Norse burials marked as “uncertain’’’. Having reconsidered the evidence and viewed the location of the Carronbridge burial I suggest that it should be moved to the ‘certain’ category. A short review of the evidence for Scandinavians in Dumfriesshire is also given, including the circumstances that may have led to the burial.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="23179098"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23179098"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23179098; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23179098]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23179098]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23179098; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='23179098']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23179098, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=23179098]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":23179098,"title":"A Traveller’s End? — A Reconsideration of a Viking-Age Burial at Carronbridge, Dumfriesshire.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"88","abstract":"A collection of metalwork — a sword, penannular brooch, and sickle — was found close together in 1989 at Carronbridge in north-central Dumfriesshire and they are thought to have been deposited in the ninth or tenth centuries. In the published report it was suggested that they belonged to a ‘lone traveller’, and a later review of the burial concluded that it should be raised ‘to the category of pagan Norse burials marked as “uncertain’’’. Having reconsidered the evidence and viewed the location of the Carronbridge burial I suggest that it should be moved to the ‘certain’ category. A short review of the evidence for Scandinavians in Dumfriesshire is also given, including the circumstances that may have led to the burial.","more_info":"The volume in which this appears is now freely available on the publishers website, provided in the link: https://dgnhas.org.uk/contents_3088","publisher":"Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society","journal_name":"Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, vol 88: 13-20 ","organization":"Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society","page_numbers":"13-20","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society"},"translated_abstract":"A collection of metalwork — a sword, penannular brooch, and sickle — was found close together in 1989 at Carronbridge in north-central Dumfriesshire and they are thought to have been deposited in the ninth or tenth centuries. In the published report it was suggested that they belonged to a ‘lone traveller’, and a later review of the burial concluded that it should be raised ‘to the category of pagan Norse burials marked as “uncertain’’’. Having reconsidered the evidence and viewed the location of the Carronbridge burial I suggest that it should be moved to the ‘certain’ category. A short review of the evidence for Scandinavians in Dumfriesshire is also given, including the circumstances that may have led to the burial.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23179098/A_Traveller_s_End_A_Reconsideration_of_a_Viking_Age_Burial_at_Carronbridge_Dumfriesshire","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-03-12T13:05:32.974-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_Traveller_s_End_A_Reconsideration_of_a_Viking_Age_Burial_at_Carronbridge_Dumfriesshire","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":7629,"name":"Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":102188,"name":"Archaeology of death and burial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_death_and_burial"}],"urls":[{"id":34021942,"url":"https://dgnhas.org.uk/contents_3088"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6990173"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6990173/The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Churchyards_and_Burial_Grounds_in_Sweden"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Rediscovery of U 170: Runestones, Churchyards, and Burial Grounds in Sweden" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33654583/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6990173/The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Churchyards_and_Burial_Grounds_in_Sweden">The Rediscovery of U 170: Runestones, Churchyards, and Burial Grounds in Sweden</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the North Atlantic</span><span>, Apr 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This note reports on the recent rediscovery of runestone U 170 near Bogesund in Sweden. In partic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This note reports on the recent rediscovery of runestone U 170 near Bogesund in Sweden. In particular, the <br />position of the monument within the 11th-century landscape is examined in light of the informative text that provides important <br />information on early churchyard burial in central Sweden. The likely reason for placing a Christian monument at <br />the edge of a pre-Christian burial ground is commented upon, including the likelihood of continued ancestor worship, as <br />is its relationship to water.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="41d6f655b30c91f1988500eaa1a28272" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33654583,"asset_id":6990173,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33654583/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6990173"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6990173"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6990173; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6990173]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6990173]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6990173; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6990173']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6990173, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "41d6f655b30c91f1988500eaa1a28272" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6990173]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6990173,"title":"The Rediscovery of U 170: Runestones, Churchyards, and Burial Grounds in Sweden","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This note reports on the recent rediscovery of runestone U 170 near Bogesund in Sweden. In particular, the\r\nposition of the monument within the 11th-century landscape is examined in light of the informative text that provides important\r\ninformation on early churchyard burial in central Sweden. The likely reason for placing a Christian monument at\r\nthe edge of a pre-Christian burial ground is commented upon, including the likelihood of continued ancestor worship, as\r\nis its relationship to water.","more_info":"The publisher, Eagle Hill Institute reserves the copyright to all its publications. Any reproduction, other than for an individual's own personal and private use, or distribution of journal content is prohibited without written permission from Eagle Hill Institute.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":4,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the North Atlantic"},"translated_abstract":"This note reports on the recent rediscovery of runestone U 170 near Bogesund in Sweden. 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The likely reason for placing a Christian monument at\r\nthe edge of a pre-Christian burial ground is commented upon, including the likelihood of continued ancestor worship, as\r\nis its relationship to water.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6990173/The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Churchyards_and_Burial_Grounds_in_Sweden","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-05-08T04:45:21.276-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33654583,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33654583/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"JONA-2014-25-McLeod-complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33654583/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Chur.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33654583/JONA-2014-25-McLeod-complete-libre.pdf?1399549389=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Chur.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=NkCjVoNRwx9imGf86xn5UmmAAeNcehnEK55RXUlgyv3o34Kc78zCtS3-tTSokWwNGvvoSl8x4FEazc~TXVHnBAv0mYP6WelSFa0SLSCfUV8TgyYhpZoZYGuLyMPnzmrVS6opl79UvfUy8DkYH-lGBqfDtFW37g7Xebn9VLxLQjLQisIiyG3GRWgcmLHCfdZ9uInlqSoKccRJwREAJh35Op3n5SunLQ9lQfAAqCNwIkhlv4etWt0Lj-x~~J5WSngQKRmthpVqJskUT40o79ovlzqs54X4~E~OzQprzeMG8dTg4RZDhPiymF1I19HlZIoPNC~lhjCQbn5w1Lgg7aDukA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Churchyards_and_Burial_Grounds_in_Sweden","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod","email":"YTd6TVp4MHVYd3V6THNYYkw0NGRKaXN3Vldpc0hXSVh3a2wwMW9IQkhoaz0tLWRxUmQveEVSaGxCeGs1a2V5WDhodlE9PQ==--8eb3005a3611d1f2374b10e1bd5e2d41a70e5c64"},"attachments":[{"id":33654583,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33654583/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"JONA-2014-25-McLeod-complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33654583/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Chur.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33654583/JONA-2014-25-McLeod-complete-libre.pdf?1399549389=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Chur.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=NkCjVoNRwx9imGf86xn5UmmAAeNcehnEK55RXUlgyv3o34Kc78zCtS3-tTSokWwNGvvoSl8x4FEazc~TXVHnBAv0mYP6WelSFa0SLSCfUV8TgyYhpZoZYGuLyMPnzmrVS6opl79UvfUy8DkYH-lGBqfDtFW37g7Xebn9VLxLQjLQisIiyG3GRWgcmLHCfdZ9uInlqSoKccRJwREAJh35Op3n5SunLQ9lQfAAqCNwIkhlv4etWt0Lj-x~~J5WSngQKRmthpVqJskUT40o79ovlzqs54X4~E~OzQprzeMG8dTg4RZDhPiymF1I19HlZIoPNC~lhjCQbn5w1Lgg7aDukA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology"},{"id":7664,"name":"Religious Conversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Conversion"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":11907,"name":"Runology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runology"},{"id":11909,"name":"Runic inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runic_inscriptions"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="763304"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/763304/Warriors_and_women_the_sex_ratio_of_Norse_migrants_to_eastern_England_up_to_900_AD_Online_link_added"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Warriors and women: the sex ratio of Norse migrants to eastern England up to 900 AD Online link added" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/763304/Warriors_and_women_the_sex_ratio_of_Norse_migrants_to_eastern_England_up_to_900_AD_Online_link_added">Warriors and women: the sex ratio of Norse migrants to eastern England up to 900 AD Online link added</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Various types of evidence have been used in the search for Norse migrants to eastern England in t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Various types of evidence have been used in the search for Norse migrants to eastern England in the latter ninth century. Most of the data gives the impression that Norse females were far outnumbered by males. But using burials that are most certainly Norse and that have also been sexed osteologically provides very different results for the ratio of male to female Norse migrants. Indeed, it suggests that female migration may have been as significant as male, and that Norse women were in England from the earliest stages of the migration, including during the campaigning period from 865.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="763304"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="763304"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 763304; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=763304]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=763304]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 763304; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='763304']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 763304, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=763304]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":763304,"title":"Warriors and women: the sex ratio of Norse migrants to eastern England up to 900 AD\r\nOnline link added","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Various types of evidence have been used in the search for Norse migrants to eastern England in the latter ninth century. Most of the data gives the impression that Norse females were far outnumbered by males. But using burials that are most certainly Norse and that have also been sexed osteologically provides very different results for the ratio of male to female Norse migrants. Indeed, it suggests that female migration may have been as significant as male, and that Norse women were in England from the earliest stages of the migration, including during the campaigning period from 865.\r\n\r\n","more_info":"published in Early Medieval Europe 19:3, 2011, pp. 332-53."},"translated_abstract":"Various types of evidence have been used in the search for Norse migrants to eastern England in the latter ninth century. Most of the data gives the impression that Norse females were far outnumbered by males. But using burials that are most certainly Norse and that have also been sexed osteologically provides very different results for the ratio of male to female Norse migrants. 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Uses the account of Ohthere and runic inscriptions to demonstrate that at least some members of t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Uses the account of Ohthere and runic inscriptions to demonstrate that at least some members of the Scandinavian aristocracy had a sense of belonging to supra-regional entities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e4ba04fd2d23765a6038c94548f74359" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":1188630,"asset_id":271717,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32485153/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5325045/Feeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865_878">'Feeding the micel here in England c. 865-878'</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Feeding the micel here in England c. 865-87 by Shane McLeod "With the question of the probable ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Feeding the micel here in England c. 865-87 <br />by Shane McLeod <br />"With the question of the probable size of ninth-century Viking armies remaining unresolved, this paper examines one of the primary impediments to fielding a large army: the availability of food.  Perhaps the best documented Viking army of the century, the great army during its campaign in England, is the focus of this investigation.  It is argued that historians have often ignored probable sources of food for the army, particularly the likelihood that food was regularly provided as part of peace treaties, and have consequently overstated the difficulty of maintaining a large army in hostile territory.  Furthermore, the role that the kingdoms conquered by the great army and subsequently held on its behalf by puppet administrations may have played has also not been considered.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a 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Furthermore, the role that the kingdoms conquered by the great army and subsequently held on its behalf by puppet administrations may have played has also not been considered. \r\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2006,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association"},"translated_abstract":"Feeding the micel here in England c. 865-87\r\nby Shane McLeod\r\n\"With the question of the probable size of ninth-century Viking armies remaining unresolved, this paper examines one of the primary impediments to fielding a large army: the availability of food. Perhaps the best documented Viking army of the century, the great army during its campaign in England, is the focus of this investigation. 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Furthermore, the role that the kingdoms conquered by the great army and subsequently held on its behalf by puppet administrations may have played has also not been considered. \r\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5325045/Feeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865_878","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-12-04T20:56:20.210-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32485153,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32485153/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"McLEOD_Feeding.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32485153/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Feeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32485153/McLEOD_Feeding-libre.pdf?1391086784=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFeeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=JnskANpzEl4da2HsoJosYdgo~hzL6t0l3JrHfMcVC-Y75AkmtXr81QPP4wyaHUa3urypV2l9zPtgpZBJXiVUoFXvFOyQY7ESUd7XqrWuDjigGEI9ea9T~9n8eHGw-ZU3pM9PJIt5Wcay2eWj0GwLbXrsNNIGhnJ441bq~wvUh7ij2RW-2Wh224uj27pkwczkMvZ0pcctHkSlhypBcrQ-l5I4vIVy2BxfCX8imCL6I1DLxnrwWZMSvnIGKtaJGbnVbW8org4obDNUJgtcpN5DQHMrVQl-Gl8xTj9WPZFx9omQOfoxoMdxRhvriSgkOmjfJhDZJX7SHZtMJnJjRGMvXQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Feeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865_878","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod","email":"V2NPRzROSFhkcHdvRE9neWhObDJ5UUpVZTRtQmZ6S1grLzdEQ2xhUkZYRT0tLWgyUzJLaGx3ZGhJWGtsR2lBNXVTK0E9PQ==--7bcb7b4e878b0363c6e1548616266bb6d5a3f6fd"},"attachments":[{"id":32485153,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32485153/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"McLEOD_Feeding.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32485153/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Feeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32485153/McLEOD_Feeding-libre.pdf?1391086784=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFeeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=JnskANpzEl4da2HsoJosYdgo~hzL6t0l3JrHfMcVC-Y75AkmtXr81QPP4wyaHUa3urypV2l9zPtgpZBJXiVUoFXvFOyQY7ESUd7XqrWuDjigGEI9ea9T~9n8eHGw-ZU3pM9PJIt5Wcay2eWj0GwLbXrsNNIGhnJ441bq~wvUh7ij2RW-2Wh224uj27pkwczkMvZ0pcctHkSlhypBcrQ-l5I4vIVy2BxfCX8imCL6I1DLxnrwWZMSvnIGKtaJGbnVbW8org4obDNUJgtcpN5DQHMrVQl-Gl8xTj9WPZFx9omQOfoxoMdxRhvriSgkOmjfJhDZJX7SHZtMJnJjRGMvXQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":4268,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies_History_"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military"},{"id":79525,"name":"Medieval Europe, Anglo-Norman history, women and family, monasticism, Anglo-Saxon history, Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Europe_Anglo-Norman_history_women_and_family_monasticism_Anglo-Saxon_history_Vikings"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":125653,"name":"Anglo-Saxons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxons"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12768045"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/12768045/Recycling_in_the_Viking_Age_Scandinavian_re_use_of_monuments_in_Britain"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Recycling in the Viking Age: Scandinavian re-use of monuments in Britain" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/12768045/Recycling_in_the_Viking_Age_Scandinavian_re_use_of_monuments_in_Britain">Recycling in the Viking Age: Scandinavian re-use of monuments in Britain</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A short blog entry for the Histories of Emotion page. Link above!</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12768045"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12768045"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12768045; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12768045]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12768045]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12768045; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12768045']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12768045, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12768045]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12768045,"title":"Recycling in the Viking Age: Scandinavian re-use of monuments in Britain","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A short blog entry for the Histories of Emotion page. 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The cultural interaction involved one group forcing themselves upon another from a position of military and political power. Despite this seemingly dominant position, by 900 CE the immigrants appear to have largely adopted the culture of the Anglo-Saxons whom they had recently defeated. Informed by migration theory, this work proposes that a major factor in this assimilation was the emigration point of the Scandinavians and the cultural experiences which they brought with them. <br /> <br />Although some of the Scandinavians may have emigrated directly from Scandinavia, most of the first generation of settlers apparently commenced their journey in either Ireland or northern Francia, particularly Frisia. Consequently, it is the culture of Scandinavians in these regions that needs to be assessed in searching for the cultural impact of Scandinavians upon eastern England. This may help to explain how the immigrants adapted to aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture, such as the issuing of coinage and at least public displays of Christianity, relatively quickly. The geographic origins of the Scandinavians also explain some of the innovations introduced by the migrants, including the use of client kings and the creation of ‘buffer’ states. <br /> <br />"</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5784858"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5784858"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5784858; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5784858]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5784858]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5784858; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5784858']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5784858, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5784858]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5784858,"title":"The Beginning of Scandinavian Settlement in England: The Viking 'Great Army' and Early Settlers, c. 865-900 ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"\"The conquest and settlement of lands in eastern England by Scandinavians represents an extreme migratory episode. The cultural interaction involved one group forcing themselves upon another from a position of military and political power. Despite this seemingly dominant position, by 900 CE the immigrants appear to have largely adopted the culture of the Anglo-Saxons whom they had recently defeated. Informed by migration theory, this work proposes that a major factor in this assimilation was the emigration point of the Scandinavians and the cultural experiences which they brought with them.\r\n\r\nAlthough some of the Scandinavians may have emigrated directly from Scandinavia, most of the first generation of settlers apparently commenced their journey in either Ireland or northern Francia, particularly Frisia. Consequently, it is the culture of Scandinavians in these regions that needs to be assessed in searching for the cultural impact of Scandinavians upon eastern England. This may help to explain how the immigrants adapted to aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture, such as the issuing of coinage and at least public displays of Christianity, relatively quickly. The geographic origins of the Scandinavians also explain some of the innovations introduced by the migrants, including the use of client kings and the creation of ‘buffer’ states.\r\n\r\n\"","more_info":"http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503545561-1","publisher":"Brepols","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":1,"year":2014,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"\"The conquest and settlement of lands in eastern England by Scandinavians represents an extreme migratory episode. The cultural interaction involved one group forcing themselves upon another from a position of military and political power. Despite this seemingly dominant position, by 900 CE the immigrants appear to have largely adopted the culture of the Anglo-Saxons whom they had recently defeated. Informed by migration theory, this work proposes that a major factor in this assimilation was the emigration point of the Scandinavians and the cultural experiences which they brought with them.\r\n\r\nAlthough some of the Scandinavians may have emigrated directly from Scandinavia, most of the first generation of settlers apparently commenced their journey in either Ireland or northern Francia, particularly Frisia. Consequently, it is the culture of Scandinavians in these regions that needs to be assessed in searching for the cultural impact of Scandinavians upon eastern England. This may help to explain how the immigrants adapted to aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture, such as the issuing of coinage and at least public displays of Christianity, relatively quickly. 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Most of the burials included grave-goods and are dated c. 850-950. The regional lists include (in order from top to bottom) burials where the site is known exactly, or at least to within 25m; those where the burial site is known to within 100m; and those where the approximate burial site is known but not to within 100m. The list excludes numerous burials where the site cannot be determined with any confidence. Photographs and maps are included of each site, along with a brief description and bibliographic literature. GPS points and NGR are also included to facilitate site visits. The emphasis is upon the location and visibility of the burials within the landscape, and what natural and man-made features were visible from the sites.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11502724"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11502724"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11502724; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11502724]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11502724]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11502724; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11502724']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11502724, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11502724]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11502724,"title":"Viking burials in Scotland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This website/blog (link above) comprises a list of culturally Scandinavian Viking Age burial sites in modern-day Scotland. 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To do so we draw upon a diverse range of sources including saga accounts, placenames, archaeological remains, early historic maps as well as logistical considerations. This diachronic perspective is inspired by Christer Westerdahl’s “maritime cultural landscapes” methodology as well as recent studies of prehistoric seafaring. It is demonstrated, through close examination of the available evidence, that the Norse mariners had very well-developed strategies to avoid dangers as well as maximize their efficiency at sea to ensure that journeys were as safe and fast as possible. Topics explored include navigation markers, naming strategies, landing places, portages, beacons, anchorages and pilots.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="98d50c408c4b6ca19ffdee69df631b38" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112847690,"asset_id":116824883,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112847690/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116824883"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116824883"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116824883; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116824883]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116824883]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116824883; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116824883']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 116824883, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "98d50c408c4b6ca19ffdee69df631b38" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116824883]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116824883,"title":"Norse Navigation in the Northern Isles","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This article explores the navigation and seafaring strategies used by Norse mariners in and around the Northern Isles of Scotland. 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To do so we draw upon a diverse range of sources including saga accounts, placenames, archaeological remains, early historic maps as well as logistical considerations. This diachronic perspective is inspired by Christer West\u0002erdahl’s “maritime cultural landscapes” methodology as well as recent studies of prehistoric seafaring. It is demonstrated, through close examination of the available evidence, that the Norse mariners had very well-developed strategies to avoid dangers as well as maximize their efficiency at sea to ensure that journeys were as safe and fast as possible. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105718522"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105718522/Ardvonrig_Isle_of_Barra_an_appraisal_of_the_location_of_a_Scandinavian_accompanied_burial"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 'Ardvonrig', Isle of Barra: an appraisal of the location of a Scandinavian accompanied burial" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105107617/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105718522/Ardvonrig_Isle_of_Barra_an_appraisal_of_the_location_of_a_Scandinavian_accompanied_burial">'Ardvonrig', Isle of Barra: an appraisal of the location of a Scandinavian accompanied burial</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This note assesses the likely location of the 'Ardvonrig' accompanied Viking Age burial found in ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This note assesses the likely location of the 'Ardvonrig' accompanied Viking Age burial found in 1862 on the Isle of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, and considers whether the exact location of the burial can be determined following a visit to the site in 2014. The possible reasons for the choice of burial location are then assessed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="105ced7fdff50d3f6381ec93cba9f6e7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105107617,"asset_id":105718522,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105107617/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105718522"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105718522"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105718522; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105718522]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105718522]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105718522; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105718522']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105718522, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "105ced7fdff50d3f6381ec93cba9f6e7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105718522]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105718522,"title":"'Ardvonrig', Isle of Barra: an appraisal of the location of a Scandinavian accompanied burial","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This note assesses the likely location of the 'Ardvonrig' accompanied Viking Age burial found in 1862 on the Isle of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, and considers whether the exact location of the burial can be determined following a visit to the site in 2014. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104787118"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104787118/Between_the_winter_camps_Logistics_of_the_Viking_Great_Army"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Between the winter camps: Logistics of the Viking Great Army" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104787118/Between_the_winter_camps_Logistics_of_the_Viking_Great_Army">Between the winter camps: Logistics of the Viking Great Army</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Viking Camps: Case Studies and Comparisons</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Our understanding of the winter camps used by the Viking Great Army in England between CE 865 and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Our understanding of the winter camps used by the Viking Great Army in<br />England between CE 865 and 878 has benefitted greatly from the discovery and excavation of the camps they used at Torksey (872–3), Repton (873–4), and possibly Aldwark (875–6). These excavations have greatly fleshed out the scanty written sources on winter camps and provided an insight into such things as positioning and defences, activities carried out in the camps, the size of the camps and, crucially for this paper, the number of likely inhabitants. The area covered by the camp at Torksey, fifty-five hectares, suggests that it could have accommodated between 1,500 and 5,000 inhabitants (Hadley & Richards 2016: 26, 59), which is clearly at odds with the notion that Viking armies numbered in the hundreds rather than thousands (Sawyer 1971: 125–129). An interesting aspect of the Torksey excavations was the range of activities taking place at the camp in the winter of 872–3. These include metal-working, woodworking and textile working, trading, and possible currency production. Crucially, there is some evidence for local Anglo-Saxon<br />metal-workers, as well as women (Hadley & Richards 2016: 54–55, 57–58). This suggests that the number of people present in the winter camps does not necessarily represent the number of people in the Great Army, as once the army was established in a winter camp for a number of months they could have been joined by traders, crafts-people, and family members. Regardless of the total number of occupants that inhabited the camp, the Torksey winter camp suggests that the army numbered at least 1,000 warriors, meaning that a large number of warriors was traversing England when they were not in a winter camp. This raises a number of logistical questions about the Great Army: what mode of transport did they use? Which routes did they take? How far could they travel each day? Where did they stay when they were not in a winter camp? How much food was required during a journey and how did they acquire it? This paper intends on making a start on answering these questions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104787118"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104787118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104787118; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104787118]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104787118]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104787118; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104787118']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104787118, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104787118]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104787118,"title":"Between the winter camps: Logistics of the Viking Great Army","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Our understanding of the winter camps used by the Viking Great Army in\nEngland between CE 865 and 878 has benefitted greatly from the discovery and excavation of the camps they used at Torksey (872–3), Repton (873–4), and possibly Aldwark (875–6). These excavations have greatly fleshed out the scanty written sources on winter camps and provided an insight into such things as positioning and defences, activities carried out in the camps, the size of the camps and, crucially for this paper, the number of likely inhabitants. The area covered by the camp at Torksey, fifty-five hectares, suggests that it could have accommodated between 1,500 and 5,000 inhabitants (Hadley \u0026 Richards 2016: 26, 59), which is clearly at odds with the notion that Viking armies numbered in the hundreds rather than thousands (Sawyer 1971: 125–129). An interesting aspect of the Torksey excavations was the range of activities taking place at the camp in the winter of 872–3. These include metal-working, woodworking and textile working, trading, and possible currency production. Crucially, there is some evidence for local Anglo-Saxon\nmetal-workers, as well as women (Hadley \u0026 Richards 2016: 54–55, 57–58). This suggests that the number of people present in the winter camps does not necessarily represent the number of people in the Great Army, as once the army was established in a winter camp for a number of months they could have been joined by traders, crafts-people, and family members. Regardless of the total number of occupants that inhabited the camp, the Torksey winter camp suggests that the army numbered at least 1,000 warriors, meaning that a large number of warriors was traversing England when they were not in a winter camp. This raises a number of logistical questions about the Great Army: what mode of transport did they use? Which routes did they take? How far could they travel each day? Where did they stay when they were not in a winter camp? How much food was required during a journey and how did they acquire it? This paper intends on making a start on answering these questions.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Viking Camps: Case Studies and Comparisons"},"translated_abstract":"Our understanding of the winter camps used by the Viking Great Army in\nEngland between CE 865 and 878 has benefitted greatly from the discovery and excavation of the camps they used at Torksey (872–3), Repton (873–4), and possibly Aldwark (875–6). These excavations have greatly fleshed out the scanty written sources on winter camps and provided an insight into such things as positioning and defences, activities carried out in the camps, the size of the camps and, crucially for this paper, the number of likely inhabitants. The area covered by the camp at Torksey, fifty-five hectares, suggests that it could have accommodated between 1,500 and 5,000 inhabitants (Hadley \u0026 Richards 2016: 26, 59), which is clearly at odds with the notion that Viking armies numbered in the hundreds rather than thousands (Sawyer 1971: 125–129). An interesting aspect of the Torksey excavations was the range of activities taking place at the camp in the winter of 872–3. These include metal-working, woodworking and textile working, trading, and possible currency production. Crucially, there is some evidence for local Anglo-Saxon\nmetal-workers, as well as women (Hadley \u0026 Richards 2016: 54–55, 57–58). This suggests that the number of people present in the winter camps does not necessarily represent the number of people in the Great Army, as once the army was established in a winter camp for a number of months they could have been joined by traders, crafts-people, and family members. Regardless of the total number of occupants that inhabited the camp, the Torksey winter camp suggests that the army numbered at least 1,000 warriors, meaning that a large number of warriors was traversing England when they were not in a winter camp. This raises a number of logistical questions about the Great Army: what mode of transport did they use? Which routes did they take? How far could they travel each day? Where did they stay when they were not in a winter camp? How much food was required during a journey and how did they acquire it? This paper intends on making a start on answering these questions.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104787118/Between_the_winter_camps_Logistics_of_the_Viking_Great_Army","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-07-21T03:51:25.000-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Between_the_winter_camps_Logistics_of_the_Viking_Great_Army","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies"},{"id":4268,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies_History_"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":7629,"name":"Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":39431,"name":"Anglo-Saxon archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_archaeology"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":97538,"name":"Material Culture of the Viking age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_of_the_Viking_age"}],"urls":[{"id":33002415,"url":"https://www.routledge.com/Viking-Camps-Case-Studies-and-Comparisons/Hedenstierna-Jonson-LOSQUINO/p/book/9781032389493"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42003389"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42003389/Shieldmaidens_in_Anglo_Saxon_England_Historical_Possibility_or_Wishful_Thinking"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Shieldmaidens in Anglo-Saxon England: Historical Possibility or Wishful Thinking?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42003389/Shieldmaidens_in_Anglo_Saxon_England_Historical_Possibility_or_Wishful_Thinking">Shieldmaidens in Anglo-Saxon England: Historical Possibility or Wishful Thinking?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vikings and the Vikings: Essays on Television's History Channel Series</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In 'Vikings', Scandinavian women are regularly depicted as warriors, or shieldmaidens, fighting b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In 'Vikings', Scandinavian women are regularly depicted as warriors, or shieldmaidens, fighting both in international raids and in defending their homes. But is this portrayal likely to be accurate? Following an examination of the depiction of warrior women in the series, this essay will try to answer this question by focusing on one of the regions that shieldmaidens in the series are shown fighting in, Anglo-Saxon England. England benefits from having primary written sources for the Viking Age, as well as numerous excavations, including the burials of three females with weapons, making them potential shieldmaidens.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42003389"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42003389"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42003389; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42003389]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42003389]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42003389; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42003389']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42003389, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42003389]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42003389,"title":"Shieldmaidens in Anglo-Saxon England: Historical Possibility or Wishful Thinking?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In 'Vikings', Scandinavian women are regularly depicted as warriors, or shieldmaidens, fighting both in international raids and in defending their homes. But is this portrayal likely to be accurate? Following an examination of the depiction of warrior women in the series, this essay will try to answer this question by focusing on one of the regions that shieldmaidens in the series are shown fighting in, Anglo-Saxon England. England benefits from having primary written sources for the Viking Age, as well as numerous excavations, including the burials of three females with weapons, making them potential shieldmaidens.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Vikings and the Vikings: Essays on Television's History Channel Series"},"translated_abstract":"In 'Vikings', Scandinavian women are regularly depicted as warriors, or shieldmaidens, fighting both in international raids and in defending their homes. But is this portrayal likely to be accurate? Following an examination of the depiction of warrior women in the series, this essay will try to answer this question by focusing on one of the regions that shieldmaidens in the series are shown fighting in, Anglo-Saxon England. England benefits from having primary written sources for the Viking Age, as well as numerous excavations, including the burials of three females with weapons, making them potential shieldmaidens.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42003389/Shieldmaidens_in_Anglo_Saxon_England_Historical_Possibility_or_Wishful_Thinking","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-02-17T18:35:04.284-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Shieldmaidens_in_Anglo_Saxon_England_Historical_Possibility_or_Wishful_Thinking","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod","email":"TzNGUXhIRlI2RjZ2bTNCWnFhUVpFK0NmU1lsYzVKVDJscVJKNElaVmtTMD0tLXBHMGpDVGxLWU45VHM1dFdqL2trV3c9PQ==--935aff2586af8201ca3459d4eafb6d95baa8208f"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies"},{"id":1571,"name":"Television Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Television_Studies"},{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies"},{"id":4268,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies_History_"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":16758,"name":"Early medieval Britain (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_medieval_Britain_Archaeology_"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":19618,"name":"Anglo Saxon Burial Studies (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo_Saxon_Burial_Studies_Archaeology_"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":97538,"name":"Material Culture of the Viking age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_of_the_Viking_age"},{"id":988067,"name":"Viking Swords","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Swords"}],"urls":[{"id":8955932,"url":"https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/vikings-and-the-vikings/"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40975013"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/40975013/Sound_Movement_and_Emotion_An_Historically_Informed_Performance_at_a_Viking_Burial_Site"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sound, Movement, and Emotion: An Historically-Informed Performance at a Viking Burial Site" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/40975013/Sound_Movement_and_Emotion_An_Historically_Informed_Performance_at_a_Viking_Burial_Site">Sound, Movement, and Emotion: An Historically-Informed Performance at a Viking Burial Site</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod">Shane McLeod</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/DrCarlosGalanDiaz">Dr. Carlos Galan-Diaz</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Northern Scotland</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Funeralscapes team comprise three academics in contrasting but complementary disciplines. Sha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Funeralscapes team comprise three academics in contrasting but<br />complementary disciplines. Shane McLeod, a historian of the Viking Age was<br />based at the University of Stirling, Frances Wilkins, an ethnomusicologist based<br />at the Elphinstone Institute, University of Aberdeen, and Carlos Galán-Díaz, an<br />environmental psychologist who was then based at dot.rural at the University of<br />Aberdeen. The project emerged from a funding competition run by the Centre<br />for Academic Development entitled ‘How to Collaborate Virtually’ where early<br />career researchers were encouraged to collaborate together, online, to produce a<br />funding application for £1000 to carry out an interdisciplinary, inter-institutional<br />project. On winning this competition our goal in conducting this project was<br />to explore the idea of working with participants to use historical re-enactment,<br />using sound including song, as a means of gaining a greater understanding of<br />the historical landscape, and exploring emotional reactions to this form of place-based, contextual learning.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40975013"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40975013"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40975013; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40975013]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40975013]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40975013; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40975013']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40975013, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40975013]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40975013,"title":"Sound, Movement, and Emotion: An Historically-Informed Performance at a Viking Burial Site","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0183","issue":"2","volume":"10","abstract":"The Funeralscapes team comprise three academics in contrasting but\ncomplementary disciplines. Shane McLeod, a historian of the Viking Age was\nbased at the University of Stirling, Frances Wilkins, an ethnomusicologist based\nat the Elphinstone Institute, University of Aberdeen, and Carlos Galán-Díaz, an\nenvironmental psychologist who was then based at dot.rural at the University of\nAberdeen. The project emerged from a funding competition run by the Centre\nfor Academic Development entitled ‘How to Collaborate Virtually’ where early\ncareer researchers were encouraged to collaborate together, online, to produce a\nfunding application for £1000 to carry out an interdisciplinary, inter-institutional\nproject. On winning this competition our goal in conducting this project was\nto explore the idea of working with participants to use historical re-enactment,\nusing sound including song, as a means of gaining a greater understanding of\nthe historical landscape, and exploring emotional reactions to this form of place-based, contextual learning.","page_numbers":"121-131","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Northern Scotland"},"translated_abstract":"The Funeralscapes team comprise three academics in contrasting but\ncomplementary disciplines. Shane McLeod, a historian of the Viking Age was\nbased at the University of Stirling, Frances Wilkins, an ethnomusicologist based\nat the Elphinstone Institute, University of Aberdeen, and Carlos Galán-Díaz, an\nenvironmental psychologist who was then based at dot.rural at the University of\nAberdeen. The project emerged from a funding competition run by the Centre\nfor Academic Development entitled ‘How to Collaborate Virtually’ where early\ncareer researchers were encouraged to collaborate together, online, to produce a\nfunding application for £1000 to carry out an interdisciplinary, inter-institutional\nproject. On winning this competition our goal in conducting this project was\nto explore the idea of working with participants to use historical re-enactment,\nusing sound including song, as a means of gaining a greater understanding of\nthe historical landscape, and exploring emotional reactions to this form of place-based, contextual learning.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40975013/Sound_Movement_and_Emotion_An_Historically_Informed_Performance_at_a_Viking_Burial_Site","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-11-18T14:16:20.664-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":33301570,"work_id":40975013,"tagging_user_id":188650,"tagged_user_id":293864,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"f***s@abdn.ac.uk","affiliation":"University of Aberdeen","display_order":0,"name":"Frances Wilkins","title":"Sound, Movement, and Emotion: An Historically-Informed Performance at a Viking Burial Site"},{"id":33301571,"work_id":40975013,"tagging_user_id":188650,"tagged_user_id":57066,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***r@yahoo.com","affiliation":"University of St Andrews","display_order":4194304,"name":"Dr. Carlos Galan-Diaz","title":"Sound, Movement, and Emotion: An Historically-Informed Performance at a Viking Burial Site"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Sound_Movement_and_Emotion_An_Historically_Informed_Performance_at_a_Viking_Burial_Site","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":12538,"name":"Funeral Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funeral_Practices"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":24940,"name":"Burial Practices (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Practices_Archaeology_"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic"},{"id":35053,"name":"Burial mounds (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_mounds_Archaeology_"},{"id":82272,"name":"Funeral Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funeral_Archaeology"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":102188,"name":"Archaeology of death and burial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_death_and_burial"},{"id":123009,"name":"Burial Customs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Customs"},{"id":324649,"name":"Funeral Rites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funeral_Rites"},{"id":370544,"name":"Historical Reenacment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Reenacment"}],"urls":[{"id":32728447,"url":"https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/nor.2019.0183"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39668422"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39668422/Human_Sacrifice_in_Viking_Age_Britain_and_Ireland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Human Sacrifice in Viking Age Britain and Ireland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60993303/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39668422/Human_Sacrifice_in_Viking_Age_Britain_and_Ireland">Human Sacrifice in Viking Age Britain and Ireland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attribut...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attributes commonly associated with the Vikings both in post-Viking Age medieval written and visual sources and in popular imagination, the latter perhaps best exemplified by the ‘blood eagle’ as performed on Jarl Borg and King Ælle of Northumbria in the popular television show Vikings. But is there any unequivocal contemporary evidence for human sacrifice? This paper will briefly discuss the problems of interpreting the evidence for human sacrifice, before concentrating on the evidence from Britain and Ireland. Despite the silence of contemporary insular written sources, it is found that there is one certain and other probable examples of human sacrifices in the<br />archaeological records of England, Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Ireland. Amongst the probable examples is a new suggestion that human sacrifice occurred at Whithorn, the site of a Northumbrian bishopric and monastery, but now in southern Scotland. Discussion of Whithorn will be the focus of the article. The evidence for human sacrifice will be briefly discussed with regard to the active practice of Norse religious beliefs in Britain, and in the Scandinavian acculturation to indigenous practices,<br />including Christianity, in the ninth and tenth centuries CE.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46480c3c7181bb66be2f1a74fdf961ae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60993303,"asset_id":39668422,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60993303/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39668422"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39668422"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39668422; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39668422]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39668422]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39668422; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39668422']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39668422, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "46480c3c7181bb66be2f1a74fdf961ae" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39668422]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39668422,"title":"Human Sacrifice in Viking Age Britain and Ireland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attributes commonly associated with the Vikings both in post-Viking Age medieval written and visual sources and in popular imagination, the latter perhaps best exemplified by the ‘blood eagle’ as performed on Jarl Borg and King Ælle of Northumbria in the popular television show Vikings. But is there any unequivocal contemporary evidence for human sacrifice? This paper will briefly discuss the problems of interpreting the evidence for human sacrifice, before concentrating on the evidence from Britain and Ireland. Despite the silence of contemporary insular written sources, it is found that there is one certain and other probable examples of human sacrifices in the\narchaeological records of England, Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Ireland. Amongst the probable examples is a new suggestion that human sacrifice occurred at Whithorn, the site of a Northumbrian bishopric and monastery, but now in southern Scotland. Discussion of Whithorn will be the focus of the article. The evidence for human sacrifice will be briefly discussed with regard to the active practice of Norse religious beliefs in Britain, and in the Scandinavian acculturation to indigenous practices,\nincluding Christianity, in the ninth and tenth centuries CE.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association"},"translated_abstract":"Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attributes commonly associated with the Vikings both in post-Viking Age medieval written and visual sources and in popular imagination, the latter perhaps best exemplified by the ‘blood eagle’ as performed on Jarl Borg and King Ælle of Northumbria in the popular television show Vikings. But is there any unequivocal contemporary evidence for human sacrifice? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36372639"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36372639/Gender_and_Mobility_in_Viking_Age_Scotland_pre_publication_draft"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gender and Mobility in Viking Age Scotland - pre-publication draft" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56299029/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36372639/Gender_and_Mobility_in_Viking_Age_Scotland_pre_publication_draft">Gender and Mobility in Viking Age Scotland - pre-publication draft</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gender and Mobility in Scotland and Abroad</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter will investigate the record of culturally ‘Scandinavian’ Viking Age burials in Scotl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter will investigate the record of culturally ‘Scandinavian’ Viking Age burials in Scotland to assess the age and sex ratios of those buried, as well as the mobility of those assessed by isotope analysis. This will lead to a discussion of migration routes to Scotland during the Viking Age, and address issues of identity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b77c41dee611f64bc1ce1e0ce13f3850" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56299029,"asset_id":36372639,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56299029/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36372639"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36372639"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36372639; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36372639]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36372639]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36372639; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36372639']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36372639, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b77c41dee611f64bc1ce1e0ce13f3850" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36372639]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36372639,"title":"Gender and Mobility in Viking Age Scotland - pre-publication draft","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter will investigate the record of culturally ‘Scandinavian’ Viking Age burials in Scotland to assess the age and sex ratios of those buried, as well as the mobility of those assessed by isotope analysis. 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This will lead to a discussion of migration routes to Scotland during the Viking Age, and address issues of 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31812825/Viking_Age_Scandinavian_Churchyard_Burial_in_Scotland_c_850_950_CE">Viking Age Scandinavian Churchyard Burial in Scotland, c. 850-950 CE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Beyond Borealism: New Perspectives on the North</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or otherwise different to indigenous burials) in present-day Scotland, only five Christian cemeteries are known with certainty to be associated with Scandinavian burials, although there are another three possible examples. Of the five certain sites, two are in the northern isles of Orkney and Shetland and three are in southern Scotland. This paper provides a brief overview of all eight sites before concentrating on the five certain examples. It considers the possible reasons for the choice of this burial location, and what it may say about the religious affiliation of the deceased and those who buried them, and the acculturation process between the immigrants and local populations. The different political circumstances in the regions of the sites are also examined. The paper concludes that there is no single answer to explain the phenomenon, and that it may point to the deliberate adoption of multiple burial locations by an incoming population wanting to fulfill multiple objectives: demonstrating their legitimacy, remembering their cultural heritage, and adapting to the practices and practicalities of their new home.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31812825"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31812825"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31812825; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31812825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31812825]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31812825; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31812825']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31812825, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31812825]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31812825,"title":"Viking Age Scandinavian Churchyard Burial in Scotland, c. 850-950 CE","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or otherwise different to indigenous burials) in present-day Scotland, only five Christian cemeteries are known with certainty to be associated with Scandinavian burials, although there are another three possible examples. Of the five certain sites, two are in the northern isles of Orkney and Shetland and three are in southern Scotland. This paper provides a brief overview of all eight sites before concentrating on the five certain examples. It considers the possible reasons for the choice of this burial location, and what it may say about the religious affiliation of the deceased and those who buried them, and the acculturation process between the immigrants and local populations. The different political circumstances in the regions of the sites are also examined. The paper concludes that there is no single answer to explain the phenomenon, and that it may point to the deliberate adoption of multiple burial locations by an incoming population wanting to fulfill multiple objectives: demonstrating their legitimacy, remembering their cultural heritage, and adapting to the practices and practicalities of their new home.","publisher":"Norvik Press","publication_name":"Beyond Borealism: New Perspectives on the North"},"translated_abstract":"Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or otherwise different to indigenous burials) in present-day Scotland, only five Christian cemeteries are known with certainty to be associated with Scandinavian burials, although there are another three possible examples. Of the five certain sites, two are in the northern isles of Orkney and Shetland and three are in southern Scotland. This paper provides a brief overview of all eight sites before concentrating on the five certain examples. It considers the possible reasons for the choice of this burial location, and what it may say about the religious affiliation of the deceased and those who buried them, and the acculturation process between the immigrants and local populations. The different political circumstances in the regions of the sites are also examined. The paper concludes that there is no single answer to explain the phenomenon, and that it may point to the deliberate adoption of multiple burial locations by an incoming population wanting to fulfill multiple objectives: demonstrating their legitimacy, remembering their cultural heritage, and adapting to the practices and practicalities of their new home.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31812825/Viking_Age_Scandinavian_Churchyard_Burial_in_Scotland_c_850_950_CE","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-10T22:21:17.208-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Viking_Age_Scandinavian_Churchyard_Burial_in_Scotland_c_850_950_CE","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":5305,"name":"Scottish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Studies"},{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":7629,"name":"Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic"},{"id":81559,"name":"Scotland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scotland"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":123009,"name":"Burial Customs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Customs"}],"urls":[{"id":7999625,"url":"http://www.nordicresearchnetwork.co.uk/beyond-borealism.html"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19328935"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19328935/Legitimation_through_Association_Scandinavian_Accompanied_Burials_and_Prehistoric_Monuments_in_Orkney"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Legitimation through Association? Scandinavian Accompanied Burials and Prehistoric Monuments in Orkney" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40559238/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19328935/Legitimation_through_Association_Scandinavian_Accompanied_Burials_and_Prehistoric_Monuments_in_Orkney">Legitimation through Association? Scandinavian Accompanied Burials and Prehistoric Monuments in Orkney</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In Orkney, most Scandinavian accompanied burials are close to the sea, settlements, and, to a les...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In Orkney, most Scandinavian accompanied burials are close to the sea, settlements, and, to a lesser extent, pre-Viking Age monuments. The first two were largely prosaic choices, but the latter may indicate an aspect of the mindset of the incoming elite. Based on studies of the re-use of pre-Viking Age monuments in Viking Age Scandinavia, I propose that this<br />association was deliberate and related to a desire to legitimize the occupation of the land and signal the control of the seaways. I also suggest that burial re-use was common before prominent settlement mounds began to perform these functions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6420a990787eff4d70a957be2991cd9c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40559238,"asset_id":19328935,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40559238/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19328935"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19328935"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19328935; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19328935]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19328935]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19328935; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19328935']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19328935, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6420a990787eff4d70a957be2991cd9c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19328935]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19328935,"title":"Legitimation through Association? Scandinavian Accompanied Burials and Prehistoric Monuments in Orkney","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In Orkney, most Scandinavian accompanied burials are close to the sea, settlements, and, to a lesser extent, pre-Viking Age monuments. The first two were largely prosaic choices, but the latter may indicate an aspect of the mindset of the incoming elite. Based on studies of the re-use of pre-Viking Age monuments in Viking Age Scandinavia, I propose that this\nassociation was deliberate and related to a desire to legitimize the occupation of the land and signal the control of the seaways. I also suggest that burial re-use was common before prominent settlement mounds began to perform these functions."},"translated_abstract":"In Orkney, most Scandinavian accompanied burials are close to the sea, settlements, and, to a lesser extent, pre-Viking Age monuments. The first two were largely prosaic choices, but the latter may indicate an aspect of the mindset of the incoming elite. Based on studies of the re-use of pre-Viking Age monuments in Viking Age Scandinavia, I propose that this\nassociation was deliberate and related to a desire to legitimize the occupation of the land and signal the control of the seaways. I also suggest that burial re-use was common before prominent settlement mounds began to perform these functions.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19328935/Legitimation_through_Association_Scandinavian_Accompanied_Burials_and_Prehistoric_Monuments_in_Orkney","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-12-01T18:35:00.627-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40559238,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40559238/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"04-JONA-2015-28-complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40559238/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Legitimation_through_Association_Scandin.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/40559238/04-JONA-2015-28-complete-libre.pdf?1449023517=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLegitimation_through_Association_Scandin.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=IKCtDLc4tqhEvZM9jxESbU0FtBB4rFR6X8XtIvrKVDx5ho-8Rod8ZgQv~sLYREuM8fH6fJcW4P0eI9CHmGa3Smu5AXMB-6QH7MnMmG-THxP5LEAqwK5GLnvrquDyqdDXZMRb6LA8OZ-fvUmw0ECLap4OZ1gKvl4FSooQAh6qA5Z1faW5pNunvsaHBq53mxsu~BuSAjLJxF0yBovpMKTsqE4uHGD-Owu27PV85CZ4hGFbt19sNG~Rvn~4zQoZJSRl1FxSVegOIhOrzDH3DVSbWWX5U-HUO5z6lOZ4ZR3oRJqPazXoQ~jnmS1WrsOPhuGHT06BdA7KsM5JsbmdRRYW5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Legitimation_through_Association_Scandinavian_Accompanied_Burials_and_Prehistoric_Monuments_in_Orkney","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod","email":"M3dsTlREV1QrOTZqL2lxYkJ5NWtkUUhRampicGt1ZU9Fcmx0RGk0TnBmaz0tLWpYaGJiSC9CMDNzOWxHK0NOTnphVWc9PQ==--61c8a7b47f57cc2c5b200e25682580221cd9e21b"},"attachments":[{"id":40559238,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40559238/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"04-JONA-2015-28-complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40559238/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Legitimation_through_Association_Scandin.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/40559238/04-JONA-2015-28-complete-libre.pdf?1449023517=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLegitimation_through_Association_Scandin.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=IKCtDLc4tqhEvZM9jxESbU0FtBB4rFR6X8XtIvrKVDx5ho-8Rod8ZgQv~sLYREuM8fH6fJcW4P0eI9CHmGa3Smu5AXMB-6QH7MnMmG-THxP5LEAqwK5GLnvrquDyqdDXZMRb6LA8OZ-fvUmw0ECLap4OZ1gKvl4FSooQAh6qA5Z1faW5pNunvsaHBq53mxsu~BuSAjLJxF0yBovpMKTsqE4uHGD-Owu27PV85CZ4hGFbt19sNG~Rvn~4zQoZJSRl1FxSVegOIhOrzDH3DVSbWWX5U-HUO5z6lOZ4ZR3oRJqPazXoQ~jnmS1WrsOPhuGHT06BdA7KsM5JsbmdRRYW5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":24940,"name":"Burial Practices (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Practices_Archaeology_"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic"},{"id":81559,"name":"Scotland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scotland"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11828718"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11828718/The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_politics_of_Northumbria_Dublin_and_the_Community_of_St_Cuthbert_in_the_Viking_Age_c_870_950_CE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The dubh gall in southern Scotland: the politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870-950 CE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37232684/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11828718/The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_politics_of_Northumbria_Dublin_and_the_Community_of_St_Cuthbert_in_the_Viking_Age_c_870_950_CE">The dubh gall in southern Scotland: the politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870-950 CE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies</span><span>, Mar 20, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The wide-ranging interests of the Scandinavians who controlled Dublin from 851, known as the dubh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The wide-ranging interests of the Scandinavians who controlled Dublin from 851, known as the dubh gall (and later the Uí Ímair), have been noted by some scholars. At various times they are thought to have controlled or exercised some form of over-lordship over the Kingdom of Northumbria, northern Wales, and southern Scotland, including the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Although evidence from present-day northern England and southern Scotland are often assessed separately, it is important to note that much of southern Scotland was part of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria up to c. 950 CE. It is argued in this paper that the political interests of Scandinavian kings of York (members of the dubh gall/Uí Ímair), often aligned with the Archbishop of York and the Community of St Cuthbert, explains much of the evidence for Scandinavian burial and settlement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="91ceea4c654b448e66afd74cbe40f413" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37232684,"asset_id":11828718,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37232684/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11828718"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11828718"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11828718; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11828718]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11828718]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11828718; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11828718']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11828718, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "91ceea4c654b448e66afd74cbe40f413" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11828718]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11828718,"title":"The dubh gall in southern Scotland: the politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870-950 CE","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The wide-ranging interests of the Scandinavians who controlled Dublin from 851, known as the dubh gall (and later the Uí Ímair), have been noted by some scholars. At various times they are thought to have controlled or exercised some form of over-lordship over the Kingdom of Northumbria, northern Wales, and southern Scotland, including the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Although evidence from present-day northern England and southern Scotland are often assessed separately, it is important to note that much of southern Scotland was part of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria up to c. 950 CE. It is argued in this paper that the political interests of Scandinavian kings of York (members of the dubh gall/Uí Ímair), often aligned with the Archbishop of York and the Community of St Cuthbert, explains much of the evidence for Scandinavian burial and settlement.","publication_date":{"day":20,"month":3,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies"},"translated_abstract":"The wide-ranging interests of the Scandinavians who controlled Dublin from 851, known as the dubh gall (and later the Uí Ímair), have been noted by some scholars. At various times they are thought to have controlled or exercised some form of over-lordship over the Kingdom of Northumbria, northern Wales, and southern Scotland, including the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Although evidence from present-day northern England and southern Scotland are often assessed separately, it is important to note that much of southern Scotland was part of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria up to c. 950 CE. It is argued in this paper that the political interests of Scandinavian kings of York (members of the dubh gall/Uí Ímair), often aligned with the Archbishop of York and the Community of St Cuthbert, explains much of the evidence for Scandinavian burial and settlement.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11828718/The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_politics_of_Northumbria_Dublin_and_the_Community_of_St_Cuthbert_in_the_Viking_Age_c_870_950_CE","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-04-07T06:41:08.608-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37232684,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37232684/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"McLeod-article.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37232684/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_p.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37232684/McLeod-article-libre.pdf?1428414028=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_p.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=a6YvAHjzdbOwiHZjrhD1KFA3ZnOx3chwkNsnKIIqADbFTneNeT-xcbhiimElsZC5gVazX1d6I6j-U7Fqvv~8aU9fvdMSKYGMN~I9rA-4tppLzyfylfZdBxUAnfvseA0NnIZmN5j1k2GFTb-cILRM1yPCEHYRrNJZvCz1lI2JJXo6T0oSzxfcYhgUG~okNCQ~0dCoTZPePJ1V6IgUYJoQWxTNapclNK1IO0RRzYkuai1xdclGdrQRAw~W2pnWR63bfj9TdkXGzwcimDhacHANAK2pBQki5oAQh9nYb3Ksw5F6FcY2BlBTT7moomrMjO~oobAKfHaf~9-NJJxzSfrFsA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_politics_of_Northumbria_Dublin_and_the_Community_of_St_Cuthbert_in_the_Viking_Age_c_870_950_CE","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod","email":"S0VPVlozSlR6SWduUEd2bnlkRXRTSFFldzZNWm9qaFZvOUVJeW5HOGdocz0tLW5acy82M2ZXSGhzK1FpUTYvanY1YVE9PQ==--c241eda27ee35c13a1cd1704d71e3637f515540f"},"attachments":[{"id":37232684,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37232684/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"McLeod-article.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37232684/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_p.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37232684/McLeod-article-libre.pdf?1428414028=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_dubh_gall_in_southern_Scotland_the_p.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=a6YvAHjzdbOwiHZjrhD1KFA3ZnOx3chwkNsnKIIqADbFTneNeT-xcbhiimElsZC5gVazX1d6I6j-U7Fqvv~8aU9fvdMSKYGMN~I9rA-4tppLzyfylfZdBxUAnfvseA0NnIZmN5j1k2GFTb-cILRM1yPCEHYRrNJZvCz1lI2JJXo6T0oSzxfcYhgUG~okNCQ~0dCoTZPePJ1V6IgUYJoQWxTNapclNK1IO0RRzYkuai1xdclGdrQRAw~W2pnWR63bfj9TdkXGzwcimDhacHANAK2pBQki5oAQh9nYb3Ksw5F6FcY2BlBTT7moomrMjO~oobAKfHaf~9-NJJxzSfrFsA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies"},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology"},{"id":4268,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies_History_"},{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":19618,"name":"Anglo Saxon Burial Studies (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo_Saxon_Burial_Studies_Archaeology_"},{"id":39431,"name":"Anglo-Saxon archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_archaeology"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":125653,"name":"Anglo-Saxons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxons"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="23179098"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/23179098/A_Traveller_s_End_A_Reconsideration_of_a_Viking_Age_Burial_at_Carronbridge_Dumfriesshire"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Traveller’s End? — A Reconsideration of a Viking-Age Burial at Carronbridge, Dumfriesshire." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/23179098/A_Traveller_s_End_A_Reconsideration_of_a_Viking_Age_Burial_at_Carronbridge_Dumfriesshire">A Traveller’s End? — A Reconsideration of a Viking-Age Burial at Carronbridge, Dumfriesshire.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A collection of metalwork — a sword, penannular brooch, and sickle — was found close together in ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A collection of metalwork — a sword, penannular brooch, and sickle — was found close together in 1989 at Carronbridge in north-central Dumfriesshire and they are thought to have been deposited in the ninth or tenth centuries. In the published report it was suggested that they belonged to a ‘lone traveller’, and a later review of the burial concluded that it should be raised ‘to the category of pagan Norse burials marked as “uncertain’’’. Having reconsidered the evidence and viewed the location of the Carronbridge burial I suggest that it should be moved to the ‘certain’ category. A short review of the evidence for Scandinavians in Dumfriesshire is also given, including the circumstances that may have led to the burial.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="23179098"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23179098"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23179098; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23179098]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23179098]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23179098; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='23179098']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23179098, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=23179098]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":23179098,"title":"A Traveller’s End? — A Reconsideration of a Viking-Age Burial at Carronbridge, Dumfriesshire.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"88","abstract":"A collection of metalwork — a sword, penannular brooch, and sickle — was found close together in 1989 at Carronbridge in north-central Dumfriesshire and they are thought to have been deposited in the ninth or tenth centuries. In the published report it was suggested that they belonged to a ‘lone traveller’, and a later review of the burial concluded that it should be raised ‘to the category of pagan Norse burials marked as “uncertain’’’. Having reconsidered the evidence and viewed the location of the Carronbridge burial I suggest that it should be moved to the ‘certain’ category. A short review of the evidence for Scandinavians in Dumfriesshire is also given, including the circumstances that may have led to the burial.","more_info":"The volume in which this appears is now freely available on the publishers website, provided in the link: https://dgnhas.org.uk/contents_3088","publisher":"Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society","journal_name":"Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, vol 88: 13-20 ","organization":"Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society","page_numbers":"13-20","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society"},"translated_abstract":"A collection of metalwork — a sword, penannular brooch, and sickle — was found close together in 1989 at Carronbridge in north-central Dumfriesshire and they are thought to have been deposited in the ninth or tenth centuries. In the published report it was suggested that they belonged to a ‘lone traveller’, and a later review of the burial concluded that it should be raised ‘to the category of pagan Norse burials marked as “uncertain’’’. Having reconsidered the evidence and viewed the location of the Carronbridge burial I suggest that it should be moved to the ‘certain’ category. A short review of the evidence for Scandinavians in Dumfriesshire is also given, including the circumstances that may have led to the burial.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23179098/A_Traveller_s_End_A_Reconsideration_of_a_Viking_Age_Burial_at_Carronbridge_Dumfriesshire","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-03-12T13:05:32.974-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_Traveller_s_End_A_Reconsideration_of_a_Viking_Age_Burial_at_Carronbridge_Dumfriesshire","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":7629,"name":"Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":102188,"name":"Archaeology of death and burial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_death_and_burial"}],"urls":[{"id":34021942,"url":"https://dgnhas.org.uk/contents_3088"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6990173"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6990173/The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Churchyards_and_Burial_Grounds_in_Sweden"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Rediscovery of U 170: Runestones, Churchyards, and Burial Grounds in Sweden" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33654583/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6990173/The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Churchyards_and_Burial_Grounds_in_Sweden">The Rediscovery of U 170: Runestones, Churchyards, and Burial Grounds in Sweden</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the North Atlantic</span><span>, Apr 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This note reports on the recent rediscovery of runestone U 170 near Bogesund in Sweden. In partic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This note reports on the recent rediscovery of runestone U 170 near Bogesund in Sweden. In particular, the <br />position of the monument within the 11th-century landscape is examined in light of the informative text that provides important <br />information on early churchyard burial in central Sweden. The likely reason for placing a Christian monument at <br />the edge of a pre-Christian burial ground is commented upon, including the likelihood of continued ancestor worship, as <br />is its relationship to water.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="41d6f655b30c91f1988500eaa1a28272" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33654583,"asset_id":6990173,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33654583/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6990173"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6990173"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6990173; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6990173]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6990173]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6990173; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6990173']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6990173, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "41d6f655b30c91f1988500eaa1a28272" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6990173]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6990173,"title":"The Rediscovery of U 170: Runestones, Churchyards, and Burial Grounds in Sweden","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This note reports on the recent rediscovery of runestone U 170 near Bogesund in Sweden. In particular, the\r\nposition of the monument within the 11th-century landscape is examined in light of the informative text that provides important\r\ninformation on early churchyard burial in central Sweden. The likely reason for placing a Christian monument at\r\nthe edge of a pre-Christian burial ground is commented upon, including the likelihood of continued ancestor worship, as\r\nis its relationship to water.","more_info":"The publisher, Eagle Hill Institute reserves the copyright to all its publications. Any reproduction, other than for an individual's own personal and private use, or distribution of journal content is prohibited without written permission from Eagle Hill Institute.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":4,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the North Atlantic"},"translated_abstract":"This note reports on the recent rediscovery of runestone U 170 near Bogesund in Sweden. 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The likely reason for placing a Christian monument at\r\nthe edge of a pre-Christian burial ground is commented upon, including the likelihood of continued ancestor worship, as\r\nis its relationship to water.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6990173/The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Churchyards_and_Burial_Grounds_in_Sweden","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-05-08T04:45:21.276-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33654583,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33654583/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"JONA-2014-25-McLeod-complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33654583/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Chur.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33654583/JONA-2014-25-McLeod-complete-libre.pdf?1399549389=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Chur.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=NkCjVoNRwx9imGf86xn5UmmAAeNcehnEK55RXUlgyv3o34Kc78zCtS3-tTSokWwNGvvoSl8x4FEazc~TXVHnBAv0mYP6WelSFa0SLSCfUV8TgyYhpZoZYGuLyMPnzmrVS6opl79UvfUy8DkYH-lGBqfDtFW37g7Xebn9VLxLQjLQisIiyG3GRWgcmLHCfdZ9uInlqSoKccRJwREAJh35Op3n5SunLQ9lQfAAqCNwIkhlv4etWt0Lj-x~~J5WSngQKRmthpVqJskUT40o79ovlzqs54X4~E~OzQprzeMG8dTg4RZDhPiymF1I19HlZIoPNC~lhjCQbn5w1Lgg7aDukA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Churchyards_and_Burial_Grounds_in_Sweden","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod","email":"YTd6TVp4MHVYd3V6THNYYkw0NGRKaXN3Vldpc0hXSVh3a2wwMW9IQkhoaz0tLWRxUmQveEVSaGxCeGs1a2V5WDhodlE9PQ==--8eb3005a3611d1f2374b10e1bd5e2d41a70e5c64"},"attachments":[{"id":33654583,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33654583/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"JONA-2014-25-McLeod-complete.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33654583/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Chur.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33654583/JONA-2014-25-McLeod-complete-libre.pdf?1399549389=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Rediscovery_of_U_170_Runestones_Chur.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=NkCjVoNRwx9imGf86xn5UmmAAeNcehnEK55RXUlgyv3o34Kc78zCtS3-tTSokWwNGvvoSl8x4FEazc~TXVHnBAv0mYP6WelSFa0SLSCfUV8TgyYhpZoZYGuLyMPnzmrVS6opl79UvfUy8DkYH-lGBqfDtFW37g7Xebn9VLxLQjLQisIiyG3GRWgcmLHCfdZ9uInlqSoKccRJwREAJh35Op3n5SunLQ9lQfAAqCNwIkhlv4etWt0Lj-x~~J5WSngQKRmthpVqJskUT40o79ovlzqs54X4~E~OzQprzeMG8dTg4RZDhPiymF1I19HlZIoPNC~lhjCQbn5w1Lgg7aDukA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology"},{"id":7664,"name":"Religious Conversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Conversion"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":11907,"name":"Runology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runology"},{"id":11909,"name":"Runic inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runic_inscriptions"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="763304"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/763304/Warriors_and_women_the_sex_ratio_of_Norse_migrants_to_eastern_England_up_to_900_AD_Online_link_added"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Warriors and women: the sex ratio of Norse migrants to eastern England up to 900 AD Online link added" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/763304/Warriors_and_women_the_sex_ratio_of_Norse_migrants_to_eastern_England_up_to_900_AD_Online_link_added">Warriors and women: the sex ratio of Norse migrants to eastern England up to 900 AD Online link added</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Various types of evidence have been used in the search for Norse migrants to eastern England in t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Various types of evidence have been used in the search for Norse migrants to eastern England in the latter ninth century. Most of the data gives the impression that Norse females were far outnumbered by males. But using burials that are most certainly Norse and that have also been sexed osteologically provides very different results for the ratio of male to female Norse migrants. Indeed, it suggests that female migration may have been as significant as male, and that Norse women were in England from the earliest stages of the migration, including during the campaigning period from 865.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="763304"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="763304"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 763304; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=763304]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=763304]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 763304; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='763304']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 763304, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=763304]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":763304,"title":"Warriors and women: the sex ratio of Norse migrants to eastern England up to 900 AD\r\nOnline link added","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Various types of evidence have been used in the search for Norse migrants to eastern England in the latter ninth century. Most of the data gives the impression that Norse females were far outnumbered by males. But using burials that are most certainly Norse and that have also been sexed osteologically provides very different results for the ratio of male to female Norse migrants. Indeed, it suggests that female migration may have been as significant as male, and that Norse women were in England from the earliest stages of the migration, including during the campaigning period from 865.\r\n\r\n","more_info":"published in Early Medieval Europe 19:3, 2011, pp. 332-53."},"translated_abstract":"Various types of evidence have been used in the search for Norse migrants to eastern England in the latter ninth century. Most of the data gives the impression that Norse females were far outnumbered by males. But using burials that are most certainly Norse and that have also been sexed osteologically provides very different results for the ratio of male to female Norse migrants. 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Uses the account of Ohthere and runic inscriptions to demonstrate that at least some members of t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Uses the account of Ohthere and runic inscriptions to demonstrate that at least some members of the Scandinavian aristocracy had a sense of belonging to supra-regional entities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e4ba04fd2d23765a6038c94548f74359" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":1188630,"asset_id":271717,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32485153/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5325045/Feeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865_878">'Feeding the micel here in England c. 865-878'</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Feeding the micel here in England c. 865-87 by Shane McLeod "With the question of the probable ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Feeding the micel here in England c. 865-87 <br />by Shane McLeod <br />"With the question of the probable size of ninth-century Viking armies remaining unresolved, this paper examines one of the primary impediments to fielding a large army: the availability of food.  Perhaps the best documented Viking army of the century, the great army during its campaign in England, is the focus of this investigation.  It is argued that historians have often ignored probable sources of food for the army, particularly the likelihood that food was regularly provided as part of peace treaties, and have consequently overstated the difficulty of maintaining a large army in hostile territory.  Furthermore, the role that the kingdoms conquered by the great army and subsequently held on its behalf by puppet administrations may have played has also not been considered.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a 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Furthermore, the role that the kingdoms conquered by the great army and subsequently held on its behalf by puppet administrations may have played has also not been considered. \r\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2006,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association"},"translated_abstract":"Feeding the micel here in England c. 865-87\r\nby Shane McLeod\r\n\"With the question of the probable size of ninth-century Viking armies remaining unresolved, this paper examines one of the primary impediments to fielding a large army: the availability of food. Perhaps the best documented Viking army of the century, the great army during its campaign in England, is the focus of this investigation. 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Furthermore, the role that the kingdoms conquered by the great army and subsequently held on its behalf by puppet administrations may have played has also not been considered. \r\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5325045/Feeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865_878","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-12-04T20:56:20.210-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32485153,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32485153/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"McLEOD_Feeding.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32485153/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Feeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32485153/McLEOD_Feeding-libre.pdf?1391086784=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFeeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=JnskANpzEl4da2HsoJosYdgo~hzL6t0l3JrHfMcVC-Y75AkmtXr81QPP4wyaHUa3urypV2l9zPtgpZBJXiVUoFXvFOyQY7ESUd7XqrWuDjigGEI9ea9T~9n8eHGw-ZU3pM9PJIt5Wcay2eWj0GwLbXrsNNIGhnJ441bq~wvUh7ij2RW-2Wh224uj27pkwczkMvZ0pcctHkSlhypBcrQ-l5I4vIVy2BxfCX8imCL6I1DLxnrwWZMSvnIGKtaJGbnVbW8org4obDNUJgtcpN5DQHMrVQl-Gl8xTj9WPZFx9omQOfoxoMdxRhvriSgkOmjfJhDZJX7SHZtMJnJjRGMvXQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Feeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865_878","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod","email":"V2NPRzROSFhkcHdvRE9neWhObDJ5UUpVZTRtQmZ6S1grLzdEQ2xhUkZYRT0tLWgyUzJLaGx3ZGhJWGtsR2lBNXVTK0E9PQ==--7bcb7b4e878b0363c6e1548616266bb6d5a3f6fd"},"attachments":[{"id":32485153,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32485153/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"McLEOD_Feeding.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32485153/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Feeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32485153/McLEOD_Feeding-libre.pdf?1391086784=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFeeding_the_micel_here_in_England_c_865.pdf\u0026Expires=1732771415\u0026Signature=JnskANpzEl4da2HsoJosYdgo~hzL6t0l3JrHfMcVC-Y75AkmtXr81QPP4wyaHUa3urypV2l9zPtgpZBJXiVUoFXvFOyQY7ESUd7XqrWuDjigGEI9ea9T~9n8eHGw-ZU3pM9PJIt5Wcay2eWj0GwLbXrsNNIGhnJ441bq~wvUh7ij2RW-2Wh224uj27pkwczkMvZ0pcctHkSlhypBcrQ-l5I4vIVy2BxfCX8imCL6I1DLxnrwWZMSvnIGKtaJGbnVbW8org4obDNUJgtcpN5DQHMrVQl-Gl8xTj9WPZFx9omQOfoxoMdxRhvriSgkOmjfJhDZJX7SHZtMJnJjRGMvXQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":4268,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies_History_"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military"},{"id":79525,"name":"Medieval Europe, Anglo-Norman history, women and family, monasticism, Anglo-Saxon history, Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Europe_Anglo-Norman_history_women_and_family_monasticism_Anglo-Saxon_history_Vikings"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":125653,"name":"Anglo-Saxons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxons"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Link above!</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12768045"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12768045"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12768045; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12768045]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12768045]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12768045; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12768045']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12768045, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12768045]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12768045,"title":"Recycling in the Viking Age: Scandinavian re-use of monuments in Britain","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A short blog entry for the Histories of Emotion page. 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This is much more accurate than ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An unexpected article about my article in Early Medieval Europe. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4408647"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/4408647/Reading_Old_English_a_Primer_and_First_Reader_review"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Reading Old English: a Primer and First Reader (review" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/4408647/Reading_Old_English_a_Primer_and_First_Reader_review">Reading Old English: a Primer and First Reader (review</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Parergon</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Robert Hasenfratz and Thomas Jambeck explain that their Reading Old English textbook aims to teac...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Robert Hasenfratz and Thomas Jambeck explain that their Reading Old English textbook aims to teach students in both undergraduate courses and postgraduate seminars the earliest written form of the English language in six to seven weeks (p. xix). 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We’ll explore the reconstruction of these funerary traditions through photography, videography, and soundscapes accompanying the talk. 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Turnhout , Brepols , 2010 xvi + 346 pp., ISBN: 978-2-5035-2394-1 , €60.00" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90045852/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/85310021/Reading_the_Anglo_Saxon_Chronicle_Language_Literature_History_Reading_the_Anglo_Saxon_Chronicle_Language_Literature_History_ALICE_JORGENSEN_Ed_Turnhout_Brepols_2010_xvi_346_pp_ISBN_978_2_5035_2394_1_60_00">Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Language, Literature, History Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Language, Literature, History ALICE JORGENSEN (Ed.) Turnhout , Brepols , 2010 xvi + 346 pp., ISBN: 978-2-5035-2394-1 , €60.00</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>English Studies</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2f5943405225062a620d68077d9060be" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90045852,"asset_id":85310021,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90045852/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="85310021"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="85310021"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85310021; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=85310021]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=85310021]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85310021; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='85310021']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 85310021, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2f5943405225062a620d68077d9060be" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=85310021]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":85310021,"title":"Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Language, Literature, History Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Language, Literature, History ALICE JORGENSEN (Ed.) 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82162709"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82162709/How_to_recreate_a_Viking_funeral_minus_the_human_sacrifice"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How to recreate a Viking funeral – minus the human sacrifice" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87956963/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82162709/How_to_recreate_a_Viking_funeral_minus_the_human_sacrifice">How to recreate a Viking funeral – minus the human sacrifice</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The conversation</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Foundation and The Alliance for Useful Evidence, as well as sixty five university members. View t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Foundation and The Alliance for Useful Evidence, as well as sixty five university members. View the full list When most people think of Vikings, they think of the usual stuff: longships, raiding, fighting, loot, burial and paganism. Scholars are increasingly aware that the reality was more complicated, but no doubt the popular associations will remain – and are reinforced by the likes of last year&#39;s Viking exhibition at the British Museum in London. Yet one aspect of Viking culture that gets little attention is funeral rites. There are very few sources that allow us to reconstruct in precise detail what happened during these complex ceremonies – there are no descriptions of funerals in Scotland, for example. But we can get a sense of Vikings&#39; burial custom from a 10thcentury eyewitness account from Russia by Viking funerals remain shrouded in mystery. 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StockCube","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The conversation"},"translated_abstract":"Foundation and The Alliance for Useful Evidence, as well as sixty five university members. View the full list When most people think of Vikings, they think of the usual stuff: longships, raiding, fighting, loot, burial and paganism. Scholars are increasingly aware that the reality was more complicated, but no doubt the popular associations will remain – and are reinforced by the likes of last year\u0026#39;s Viking exhibition at the British Museum in London. Yet one aspect of Viking culture that gets little attention is funeral rites. There are very few sources that allow us to reconstruct in precise detail what happened during these complex ceremonies – there are no descriptions of funerals in Scotland, for example. But we can get a sense of Vikings\u0026#39; burial custom from a 10thcentury eyewitness account from Russia by Viking funerals remain shrouded in mystery. StockCube","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82162709/How_to_recreate_a_Viking_funeral_minus_the_human_sacrifice","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-24T09:54:20.054-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87956963,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87956963/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"McLeod-Conversation-2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87956963/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"How_to_recreate_a_Viking_funeral_minus_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87956963/McLeod-Conversation-2015-libre.pdf?1656095238=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_to_recreate_a_Viking_funeral_minus_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1732741781\u0026Signature=OyKIsfEps-qooZe6AfqYZoFvSPDCW8z9uCsITuYXTepKjtg~uDeoiOJOJuzDcaryE7kvPaPIkDq9YZffG4gGI5AK3YClt1jD~KySExAQz1S3TpDWtwEOLcoEmdx4b8ucbhqtMtCN17OHoWHvWzC~8tv1CQDaN8tdrwyfoeZLS3k-VJKl4luG5CVQUvfAAwNfmk5~f3YCClCVdo1wKVH47F6A1f7RfwezJAcP4KdjrPp-oMAcQOeZC6cEss8reS9jU731rnZzmshjXlZ3ioqMqudk~XXVo2j3ZLX4axXMQl8tpjBm3t-h~zHjaBEc4WkT32QwcK6Gf8rvNLkkA0eWfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"How_to_recreate_a_Viking_funeral_minus_the_human_sacrifice","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[{"id":87956963,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87956963/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"McLeod-Conversation-2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87956963/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"How_to_recreate_a_Viking_funeral_minus_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87956963/McLeod-Conversation-2015-libre.pdf?1656095238=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_to_recreate_a_Viking_funeral_minus_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1732741781\u0026Signature=OyKIsfEps-qooZe6AfqYZoFvSPDCW8z9uCsITuYXTepKjtg~uDeoiOJOJuzDcaryE7kvPaPIkDq9YZffG4gGI5AK3YClt1jD~KySExAQz1S3TpDWtwEOLcoEmdx4b8ucbhqtMtCN17OHoWHvWzC~8tv1CQDaN8tdrwyfoeZLS3k-VJKl4luG5CVQUvfAAwNfmk5~f3YCClCVdo1wKVH47F6A1f7RfwezJAcP4KdjrPp-oMAcQOeZC6cEss8reS9jU731rnZzmshjXlZ3ioqMqudk~XXVo2j3ZLX4axXMQl8tpjBm3t-h~zHjaBEc4WkT32QwcK6Gf8rvNLkkA0eWfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art"},{"id":40298,"name":"Sacrifice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrifice"},{"id":81559,"name":"Scotland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scotland"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":324649,"name":"Funeral Rites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funeral_Rites"},{"id":3536942,"name":"The Conversation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Conversation"}],"urls":[{"id":21722624,"url":"http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/23474/1/McLeod-Conversation-2015.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82162686"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82162686/Migration_and_acculturation_the_impact_of_the_Norse_on_Eastern_England_c_865_900"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Migration and acculturation: the impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865-900" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82162686/Migration_and_acculturation_the_impact_of_the_Norse_on_Eastern_England_c_865_900">Migration and acculturation: the impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865-900</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Migration and Acculturation: The impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865-900. The settleme...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Migration and Acculturation: The impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865-900. The settlement and settlement of lands in eastern England by Old Norse speakers, c. 865900, represents an extreme migratory episode. The cultural interaction, both during the campaigning period and following Norse settlement, involved one group forcing themselves upon another, usually from a position of military and political power. Despite this seemingly dominant position, by 900 AD the Norse appear in the main to have adopted the culture of the Anglo-Saxons whom they had recently defeated. This thesis proposes that a major factor in this cultural assimilation was the emigration point of the Norse and the cultural experiences which they brought with them. Although much has been written on the settlement of Norse groups in England, most scholars have focused on the comparatively abundant evidence available for the tenth century, attributable to the second and later generations of Norse and later mig...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82162686"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82162686"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82162686; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82162686]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82162686]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82162686; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82162686']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82162686, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82162686]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82162686,"title":"Migration and acculturation: the impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865-900","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Migration and Acculturation: The impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865-900. The settlement and settlement of lands in eastern England by Old Norse speakers, c. 865900, represents an extreme migratory episode. The cultural interaction, both during the campaigning period and following Norse settlement, involved one group forcing themselves upon another, usually from a position of military and political power. Despite this seemingly dominant position, by 900 AD the Norse appear in the main to have adopted the culture of the Anglo-Saxons whom they had recently defeated. This thesis proposes that a major factor in this cultural assimilation was the emigration point of the Norse and the cultural experiences which they brought with them. Although much has been written on the settlement of Norse groups in England, most scholars have focused on the comparatively abundant evidence available for the tenth century, attributable to the second and later generations of Norse and later mig...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Migration and Acculturation: The impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865-900. The settlement and settlement of lands in eastern England by Old Norse speakers, c. 865900, represents an extreme migratory episode. The cultural interaction, both during the campaigning period and following Norse settlement, involved one group forcing themselves upon another, usually from a position of military and political power. Despite this seemingly dominant position, by 900 AD the Norse appear in the main to have adopted the culture of the Anglo-Saxons whom they had recently defeated. This thesis proposes that a major factor in this cultural assimilation was the emigration point of the Norse and the cultural experiences which they brought with them. Although much has been written on the settlement of Norse groups in England, most scholars have focused on the comparatively abundant evidence available for the tenth century, attributable to the second and later generations of Norse and later mig...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82162686/Migration_and_acculturation_the_impact_of_the_Norse_on_Eastern_England_c_865_900","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-24T09:54:18.429-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Migration_and_acculturation_the_impact_of_the_Norse_on_Eastern_England_c_865_900","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"}],"urls":[{"id":21722615,"url":"https://api.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/portalfiles/portal/8160214/McLeod_Shane_H_2011.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82162670"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/82162670/Viking_Age_Scandinavian_Churchyard_burial_in_Scotland_c_850_950_CE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Viking Age Scandinavian Churchyard burial in Scotland, c. 850-950 CE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/82162670/Viking_Age_Scandinavian_Churchyard_burial_in_Scotland_c_850_950_CE">Viking Age Scandinavian Churchyard burial in Scotland, c. 850-950 CE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or otherwise different to indigenous burials) in present-day Scotland, only five Christian cemeteries are known with certainty to be associated with Scandinavian burials, although there are another three possible examples. Of the five certain sites, two are in the northern isles of Orkney and Shetland and three are in southern Scotland. This paper provides a brief overview of all eight sites before concentrating on the five certain examples. It considers the possible reasons for the choice of this burial location, and what it may say about the religious affiliation of the deceased and those who buried them, and the acculturation process between the immigrants and local populations. The different political circumstances in the regions of the sites are also examined. The paper concludes that there is no single answer to explain the phenomenon, and that it may point to the deliberate adoption of multiple burial locations by an incoming population wanting to fulfill multiple objectives: demonstrating their legitimacy, remembering their cultural heritage, and adapting to the practices and practicalities of their new home.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82162670"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82162670"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82162670; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82162670]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82162670]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82162670; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82162670']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82162670, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82162670]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82162670,"title":"Viking Age Scandinavian Churchyard burial in Scotland, c. 850-950 CE","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or otherwise different to indigenous burials) in present-day Scotland, only five Christian cemeteries are known with certainty to be associated with Scandinavian burials, although there are another three possible examples. Of the five certain sites, two are in the northern isles of Orkney and Shetland and three are in southern Scotland. This paper provides a brief overview of all eight sites before concentrating on the five certain examples. It considers the possible reasons for the choice of this burial location, and what it may say about the religious affiliation of the deceased and those who buried them, and the acculturation process between the immigrants and local populations. The different political circumstances in the regions of the sites are also examined. The paper concludes that there is no single answer to explain the phenomenon, and that it may point to the deliberate adoption of multiple burial locations by an incoming population wanting to fulfill multiple objectives: demonstrating their legitimacy, remembering their cultural heritage, and adapting to the practices and practicalities of their new home.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Despite the relative abundance of culturally Scandinavian burials (ie. those with grave-goods or otherwise different to indigenous burials) in present-day Scotland, only five Christian cemeteries are known with certainty to be associated with Scandinavian burials, although there are another three possible examples. Of the five certain sites, two are in the northern isles of Orkney and Shetland and three are in southern Scotland. This paper provides a brief overview of all eight sites before concentrating on the five certain examples. It considers the possible reasons for the choice of this burial location, and what it may say about the religious affiliation of the deceased and those who buried them, and the acculturation process between the immigrants and local populations. The different political circumstances in the regions of the sites are also examined. The paper concludes that there is no single answer to explain the phenomenon, and that it may point to the deliberate adoption of multiple burial locations by an incoming population wanting to fulfill multiple objectives: demonstrating their legitimacy, remembering their cultural heritage, and adapting to the practices and practicalities of their new home.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82162670/Viking_Age_Scandinavian_Churchyard_burial_in_Scotland_c_850_950_CE","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-24T09:54:17.708-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":188650,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Viking_Age_Scandinavian_Churchyard_burial_in_Scotland_c_850_950_CE","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":188650,"first_name":"Shane","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McLeod","page_name":"ShaneMcLeod","domain_name":"uhi","created_at":"2010-05-20T22:28:40.283-07:00","display_name":"Shane McLeod","url":"https://uhi.academia.edu/ShaneMcLeod"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":5305,"name":"Scottish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Studies"},{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":7629,"name":"Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_History"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic"},{"id":81559,"name":"Scotland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scotland"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age"},{"id":123009,"name":"Burial Customs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Customs"},{"id":389033,"name":"Death and Burial Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82162657"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82162657/Human_sacrifice_in_viking_age_Britain_and_Ireland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Human sacrifice in viking age Britain and Ireland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82162657/Human_sacrifice_in_viking_age_Britain_and_Ireland">Human sacrifice in viking age Britain and Ireland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attribut...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attributes commonly associated with the Vikings both in post-Viking Age medieval written and visual sources and in popular imagination, the latter perhaps best exemplified by the &#39;blood eagle&#39; as performed on Jarl Borg and King AElle of Northumbria in the popular television show Vikings. But is there any unequivocal contemporary evidence for human sacrifice? This paper will briefly discuss the problems of interpreting the evidence for human sacrifice, before concentrating on the evidence from Britain and Ireland. Despite the silence of contemporary insular written sources, it is found that there is one certain and other probable examples of human sacrifices in the archaeological records of England, Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Ireland. Amongst the probable examples is a new suggestion that human sacrifice occurred at Whithorn, the site of a Northumbrian bishopric and monastery, but now...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82162657"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82162657"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82162657; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82162657]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82162657]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82162657; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82162657']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82162657, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82162657]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82162657,"title":"Human sacrifice in viking age Britain and Ireland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Human sacrifice, as part of pre-Christian religious rites, is one of a number of violent attributes commonly associated with the Vikings both in post-Viking Age medieval written and visual sources and in popular imagination, the latter perhaps best exemplified by the \u0026#39;blood eagle\u0026#39; as performed on Jarl Borg and King AElle of Northumbria in the popular television show Vikings. But is there any unequivocal contemporary evidence for human sacrifice? This paper will briefly discuss the problems of interpreting the evidence for human sacrifice, before concentrating on the evidence from Britain and Ireland. Despite the silence of contemporary insular written sources, it is found that there is one certain and other probable examples of human sacrifices in the archaeological records of England, Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Ireland. 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View t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Foundation and The Alliance for Useful Evidence, as well as sixty five university members. View the full list When most people think of Vikings, they think of the usual stuff: longships, raiding, fighting, loot, burial and paganism. Scholars are increasingly aware that the reality was more complicated, but no doubt the popular associations will remain – and are reinforced by the likes of last year&#39;s Viking exhibition at the British Museum in London. Yet one aspect of Viking culture that gets little attention is funeral rites. There are very few sources that allow us to reconstruct in precise detail what happened during these complex ceremonies – there are no descriptions of funerals in Scotland, for example. But we can get a sense of Vikings&#39; burial custom from a 10thcentury eyewitness account from Russia by Viking funerals remain shrouded in mystery. StockCube</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="15b8504bff6da26453fb3b0fbe8a9bd7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87956933,"asset_id":82162652,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87956933/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82162652"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82162652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82162652; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82162652]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82162652]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82162652; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82162652']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82162652, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "15b8504bff6da26453fb3b0fbe8a9bd7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82162652]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82162652,"title":"How to recreate a Viking funeral – minus the human sacrifice","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Foundation and The Alliance for Useful Evidence, as well as sixty five university members. 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Most of the data gives the impression that Norse females were far outnumbered by males. But using burials that are most certainly Norse and that have also been sexed osteologically provides very different results for the ratio of male to female Norse migrants. Indeed, it suggests that female migration may have been as significant as male, and that Norse women were in England from the earliest stages of the migration, including during the campaigning period from 865. Determining the ratio of Norse women to men in England during the period of early settlement up to 900 ad has always been extremely difficult. 1 There is written evidence attesting the presence of women and children with the Norse army that attacked Wessex and western Mercia in the 890s, but no mention of women and children accompanying the army that campaigned from 865 to 878 and succeeded in conquering a Norse settlement zone in eastern England. There is some archaeological evidence for early Norse female settlement, most obviously oval brooches, but this evidence is minimal. The more difficult to date evidence of place names, personal names, and DNA samples derived from the modern population suggests that Norse women did migrate to England at some stage, but probably in far fewer numbers than Norse men. Following the discovery of Norse female burials at Cumwhitton, Cumbria, and Adwickle-Street, South Yorkshire, Judith Jesch noted in 2008 that there remain 'great gaps in our knowledge about the extent to which such women accompanied the Viking settlers', and this situation has not markedly 1 This article deals only with biological sex, rather than gender. 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wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/70798361/_Ardvonrig_Isle_of_Barra_an_appraisal_of_the_location_of_a_Scandinavian_accompanied_burial">‘Ardvonrig’, Isle of Barra: an appraisal of the location of a Scandinavian accompanied burial</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This note assesses the likely location of the ‘Ardvonrig’ accompanied Viking Age burial found in ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This note assesses the likely location of the ‘Ardvonrig’ accompanied Viking Age burial found in 1862 on the Isle of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, and considers whether the exact location of the burial can be determined following a visit to the site in 2014. The possible reasons for the choice of burial location are then assessed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="80668c0a3a5e1b776834b9ff45a55c27" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":80396471,"asset_id":70798361,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80396471/download_file?st=MTczMjc3ODA1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="70798361"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70798361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70798361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70798361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70798361]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70798361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='70798361']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70798361, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "80668c0a3a5e1b776834b9ff45a55c27" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=70798361]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":70798361,"title":"‘Ardvonrig’, Isle of Barra: an appraisal of the location of a Scandinavian accompanied burial","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This note assesses the likely location of the ‘Ardvonrig’ accompanied Viking Age burial found in 1862 on the Isle of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, and considers whether the exact location of the burial can be determined following a visit to the site in 2014. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64355578"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/64355578/The_Acculturation_of_Scandinavians_in_England_A_Consideration_of_the_Burial_Record"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Acculturation of Scandinavians in England: A Consideration of the Burial Record" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/64355578/The_Acculturation_of_Scandinavians_in_England_A_Consideration_of_the_Burial_Record">The Acculturation of Scandinavians in England: A Consideration of the Burial Record</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Australian Early Medieval Association</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The portrayal of the ‘Vikings’ as an archetypal barbarian ‘other,’ wreaking death and destruction...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The portrayal of the ‘Vikings’ as an archetypal barbarian ‘other,’ wreaking death and destruction wherever they went, was already current in the medieval period, but in England the depictions became more extreme in the centuries after the attacks. 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