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Mwenge</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Pascal Mwenge"> <meta name="keywords" content="Pascal Mwenge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Pascal Mwenge" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Pascal Mwenge"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 62</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Pascal Mwenge</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> A Generalization of Planar Pascal’s Triangle to Polynomial Expansion and Connection with Sierpinski Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajdi%20Mohamed%20Ratemi">Wajdi Mohamed Ratemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The very well-known stacked sets of numbers referred to as Pascal’s triangle present the coefficients of the binomial expansion of the form (x+y)n. This paper presents an approach (the Staircase Horizontal Vertical, SHV-method) to the generalization of planar Pascal’s triangle for polynomial expansion of the form (x+y+z+w+r+⋯)n. The presented generalization of Pascal’s triangle is different from other generalizations of Pascal’s triangles given in the literature. The coefficients of the generalized Pascal’s triangles, presented in this work, are generated by inspection, using embedded Pascal’s triangles. The coefficients of I-variables expansion are generated by horizontally laying out the Pascal’s elements of (I-1) variables expansion, in a staircase manner, and multiplying them with the relevant columns of vertically laid out classical Pascal’s elements, hence avoiding factorial calculations for generating the coefficients of the polynomial expansion. Furthermore, the classical Pascal’s triangle has some pattern built into it regarding its odd and even numbers. Such pattern is known as the Sierpinski’s triangle. In this study, a presentation of Sierpinski-like patterns of the generalized Pascal’s triangles is given. Applications related to those coefficients of the binomial expansion (Pascal’s triangle), or polynomial expansion (generalized Pascal’s triangles) can be in areas of combinatorics, and probabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pascal%E2%80%99s%20triangle" title="pascal’s triangle">pascal’s triangle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20pascal%E2%80%99s%20triangle" title=" generalized pascal’s triangle"> generalized pascal’s triangle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polynomial%20expansion" title=" polynomial expansion"> polynomial expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sierpinski%E2%80%99s%20triangle" title=" sierpinski’s triangle"> sierpinski’s triangle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combinatorics" title=" combinatorics"> combinatorics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilities" title=" probabilities"> probabilities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37988/a-generalization-of-planar-pascals-triangle-to-polynomial-expansion-and-connection-with-sierpinski-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Frequency Transformation with Pascal Matrix Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phuoc%20Si%20Nguyen">Phuoc Si Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Frequency transformation with Pascal matrix equations is a method for transforming an electronic filter (analogue or digital) into another filter. The technique is based on frequency transformation in the s-domain, bilinear z-transform with pre-warping frequency, inverse bilinear transformation and a very useful application of the Pascal’s triangle that simplifies computing and enables calculation by hand when transforming from one filter to another. This paper will introduce two methods to transform a filter into a digital filter: frequency transformation from the s-domain into the z-domain; and frequency transformation in the z-domain. Further, two Pascal matrix equations are derived: an analogue to digital filter Pascal matrix equation and a digital to digital filter Pascal matrix equation. These are used to design a desired digital filter from a given filter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20transformation" title="frequency transformation">frequency transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinear%20z-transformation" title=" bilinear z-transformation"> bilinear z-transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-warping%20frequency" title=" pre-warping frequency"> pre-warping frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20filters" title=" digital filters"> digital filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20filters" title=" analog filters"> analog filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pascal%E2%80%99s%20triangle" title=" pascal’s triangle"> pascal’s triangle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34866/frequency-transformation-with-pascal-matrix-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Geometric Intuition and Formalism in Passing from Indivisibles to Infinitesimals: Pascal and Leibniz</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remus%20Titiriga">Remus Titiriga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper focuses on Pascal's indivisibles evolving to Leibniz's infinitesimals. It starts with parallel developments by the two savants in Combinatorics (triangular numbers for Pascal and harmonic triangles for Leibniz) and their implication in determining the sum of mathematical series. It follows with a focus on the geometrical contributions of Pascal. He considered the cycloid and other mechanical curves the epitome of geometric comprehensibility in a series of challenging problems he posed to the mathematical world. Pascal provided the solutions in 1658, in a volume published under the pseudonym of Dettonville, using indivisibles and ratios between curved and straight lines. In the third part, the research follows the impact of this volume on Leibniz as the initial impetus for the elaboration of modern calculus as an algorithmic method disjoint of geometrical intuition. Then paper analyses the further steps and proves that Leibniz's developments relate to his philosophical frame (the search for a characteristic Universalis, the consideration of principle of continuity or the rule of sufficient reason) different from Pascal's and impacting mathematical problems and their solutions. At this stage in Leibniz's evolution, the infinitesimals replaced the indivisibles proper. The last part of the paper starts with speculation around "What if?". Could Pascal, if he lived more, accomplish the same feat? The document uses Pascal's reconstructed philosophical frame to formulate a positive answer. It also proposes to teach calculus with indivisibles and infinitesimals mimicking Pascal and Leibniz's achievements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indivisibles" title="indivisibles">indivisibles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infinitesimals" title=" infinitesimals"> infinitesimals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristic%20triangle" title=" characteristic triangle"> characteristic triangle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20principle%20of%20continuity" title=" the principle of continuity"> the principle of continuity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145907/geometric-intuition-and-formalism-in-passing-from-indivisibles-to-infinitesimals-pascal-and-leibniz" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using Central Composite Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge">Pascal Mwenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jefrey%20Pilusa"> Jefrey Pilusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study investigated the effect of catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio on biodiesel production by using central composite design. Biodiesel was produced by transesterification using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst, a laboratory scale reactor consisting of flat bottom flask mounts with a reflux condenser and a heating plate was used to produce biodiesel. Key parameters, including, time, temperature and mixing rate were kept constant at 60 minutes, 60 <sup>o</sup>C and 600 RPM, respectively. From the results obtained, it was observed that the biodiesel yield depends on catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio. The highest yield of 50.65% was obtained at catalyst ratio of 0.5 wt.% and methanol to oil mole ratio 10.5. The analysis of variances of biodiesel yield showed the R Squared value of 0.8387. A quadratic mathematical model was developed to predict the biodiesel yield in the specified parameters ranges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCD" title=" CCD"> CCD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92550/optimization-of-biodiesel-production-from-sunflower-oil-using-central-composite-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using Central Composite Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge">Pascal Mwenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jefrey%20Pilusa"> Jefrey Pilusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study investigated the effect of catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio on biodiesel production by using central composite design. Biodiesel was produced by transesterification using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst, a laboratory scale reactor consisting of flat bottom flask mounts with a reflux condenser, and a heating plate was used to produce biodiesel. Key parameters, including time, temperature, and mixing rate was kept constant at 60 minutes, 60 <sup>o</sup>C and 600 RPM, respectively. From the results obtained, it was observed that the biodiesel yield depends on catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio. The highest yield of 50.65% was obtained at catalyst ratio of 0.5 wt.% and methanol to oil mole ratio 10.5. The analysis of variances of biodiesel yield showed the R Squared value of 0.8387. A quadratic mathematical model was developed to predict the biodiesel yield in the specified parameters ranges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20composite%20design" title=" central composite design"> central composite design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98851/optimization-of-biodiesel-production-from-sunflower-oil-using-central-composite-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Quantification of Biomethane Potential from Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste at Vaal University of Technology </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kgomotso%20Matobole">Kgomotso Matobole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge"> Pascal Mwenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The global urbanisation and worldwide economic growth have caused a high rate of food waste generation, resulting in environmental pollution. Food waste disposed on landfills decomposes to produce methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), a greenhouse gas. Inadequate waste management practices contribute to food waste polluting the environment. Thus effective organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) management and treatment are attracting widespread attention in many countries. This problem can be minimised by the employment of anaerobic digestion process, since food waste is rich in organic matter and highly biodegradable, resulting in energy generation and waste volume reduction. The current study investigated the Biomethane Potential (BMP) of the Vaal University of Technology canteen food waste using anaerobic digestion. Tests were performed on canteen food waste, as a substrate, with total solids (TS) of 22%, volatile solids (VS) of 21% and moisture content of 78%. The tests were performed in batch reactors, at a mesophilic temperature of 37 °C, with two different types of inoculum, primary and digested sludge. The resulting CH<sub>4</sub> yields for both food waste with digested sludge and primary sludge were equal, being 357 Nml/g VS. This indicated that food waste form this canteen is rich in organic and highly biodegradable. Hence it can be used as a substrate for the anaerobic digestion process. The food waste with digested sludge and primary sludge both fitted the first order kinetic model with k for primary sludge inoculated food waste being 0.278 day<sup>-1</sup> with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.98, whereas k for digested sludge inoculated food waste being 0.034 day<sup>-1</sup>, with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.847. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title="anaerobic digestion">anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-methane%20potential" title=" bio-methane potential"> bio-methane potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste" title=" food waste"> food waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102298/quantification-of-biomethane-potential-from-anaerobic-digestion-of-food-waste-at-vaal-university-of-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Infinite Impulse Response Digital Filters Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phuoc%20Si%20Nguyen">Phuoc Si Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infinite impulse response (IIR) filters can be designed from an analogue low pass prototype by using frequency transformation in the s-domain and bilinear z-transformation with pre-warping frequency; this method is known as frequency transformation from the s-domain to the z-domain. This paper will introduce a new method to transform an IIR digital filter to another type of IIR digital filter (low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop or narrow band) using a technique based on inverse bilinear z-transformation and inverse matrices. First, a matrix equation is derived from inverse bilinear z-transformation and Pascal’s triangle. This Low Pass Digital to Digital Filter Pascal Matrix Equation is used to transform a low pass digital filter to other digital filter types. From this equation and the inverse matrix, a Digital to Digital Filter Pascal Matrix Equation can be derived that is able to transform any IIR digital filter. This paper will also introduce some specific matrices to replace the inverse matrix, which is difficult to determine due to the larger size of the matrix in the current method. This will make computing and hand calculation easier when transforming from one IIR digital filter to another in the digital domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinear%20z-transformation" title="bilinear z-transformation">bilinear z-transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20transformation" title=" frequency transformation"> frequency transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20bilinear%20z-transformation" title=" inverse bilinear z-transformation"> inverse bilinear z-transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IIR%20digital%20filters" title=" IIR digital filters"> IIR digital filters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48777/infinite-impulse-response-digital-filters-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Greywater Treatment Using Activated Biochar Produced from Agricultural Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge">Pascal Mwenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in urbanisation in South Africa has led to an increase in water demand and a decline in freshwater supply. Despite this, poor water usage is still a major challenge in South Africa, for instance, freshwater is still used for non-drinking applications. The freshwater shortage can be alleviated by using other sources of water for non-portable purposes such as greywater treated with activated biochar produced from agricultural waste. The success of activated biochar produced from agricultural waste to treat greywater can be both economically and environmentally beneficial. Greywater treated with activated biochar produced from agricultural waste is considered a cost-effective wastewater treatment.  This work was aimed at determining the ability of activated biochar to remove Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub>-N), Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>-N), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from greywater. The experiments were carried out in 800 ml laboratory plastic cylinders used as filter columns. 2.5 cm layer of gravel was used at the bottom and top of the column to sandwich the activated biochar material. Activated biochar (200 g and 400 g) was loaded in a column and used as a filter medium for greywater. Samples were collected after a week and sent for analysis. Four types of greywater were treated: Kitchen, floor cleaning water, shower and laundry water. The findings showed: 95% removal of TSS, 76% of NO<sub>3</sub>-N and 63% of COD on kitchen greywater and 85% removal of NH<sub>4</sub>-N on bathroom greywater, as highest removal of efficiency of the studied pollutants. The results showed that activated biochar produced from agricultural waste reduces a certain amount of pollutants from greywater. The results also indicated the ability of activated biochar to treat greywater for onsite non-potable reuse purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20biochar%20produced%20from%20agriculture%20waste" title="activated biochar produced from agriculture waste">activated biochar produced from agriculture waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonium" title=" ammonium"> ammonium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NH%E2%82%84-N" title=" NH₄-N"> NH₄-N</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20oxygen%20demand" title=" chemical oxygen demand"> chemical oxygen demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COD" title=" COD"> COD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greywater" title=" greywater"> greywater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrate" title=" nitrate"> nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NO%E2%82%83-N" title=" NO₃-N"> NO₃-N</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20suspended%20solids" title=" total suspended solids"> total suspended solids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TSS" title=" TSS"> TSS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95193/greywater-treatment-using-activated-biochar-produced-from-agricultural-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> In situ Real-Time Multivariate Analysis of Methanolysis Monitoring of Sunflower Oil Using FTIR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge">Pascal Mwenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The combination of world population and the third industrial revolution led to high demand for fuels. On the other hand, the decrease of global fossil 8fuels deposits and the environmental air pollution caused by these fuels has compounded the challenges the world faces due to its need for energy. Therefore, new forms of environmentally friendly and renewable fuels such as biodiesel are needed. The primary analytical techniques for methanolysis yield monitoring have been chromatography and spectroscopy, these methods have been proven reliable but are more demanding, costly and do not provide real-time monitoring. In this work, the in situ monitoring of biodiesel from sunflower oil using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) has been studied; the study was performed using EasyMax Mettler Toledo reactor equipped with a DiComp (Diamond) probe. The quantitative monitoring of methanolysis was performed by building a quantitative model with multivariate calibration using iC Quant module from iC IR 7.0 software. 15 samples of known concentrations were used for the modelling which were taken in duplicate for model calibration and cross-validation, data were pre-processed using mean centering and variance scale, spectrum math square root and solvent subtraction. These pre-processing methods improved the performance indexes from 7.98 to 0.0096, 11.2 to 3.41, 6.32 to 2.72, 0.9416 to 0.9999, RMSEC, RMSECV, RMSEP and R2Cum, respectively. The R<sup>2</sup> value of 1 (training), 0.9918 (test), 0.9946 (cross-validation) indicated the fitness of the model built. The model was tested against univariate model; small discrepancies were observed at low concentration due to unmodelled intermediates but were quite close at concentrations above 18%. The software eliminated the complexity of the Partial Least Square (PLS) chemometrics. It was concluded that the model obtained could be used to monitor methanol of sunflower oil at industrial and lab scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title=" calibration"> calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemometrics" title=" chemometrics"> chemometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanolysis" title=" methanolysis"> methanolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20analysis" title=" multivariate analysis"> multivariate analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102408/in-situ-real-time-multivariate-analysis-of-methanolysis-monitoring-of-sunflower-oil-using-ftir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Effects of Voltage Pulse Characteristics on Some Performance Parameters of LiₓCoO₂-based Resistive Switching Memory Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Son%20Nguyen">Van Son Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Huy%20Mai"> Van Huy Mai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alec%20Moradpour"> Alec Moradpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascale%20Auban%20Senzier"> Pascale Auban Senzier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claude%20Pasquier"> Claude Pasquier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Wang"> Kang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierre-Antoine%20Albouy"> Pierre-Antoine Albouy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20J.%20Rozenberg"> Marcelo J. Rozenberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Giapintzakis"> John Giapintzakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20N.%20Mihailescu"> Christian N. Mihailescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charis%20M.%20Orfanidou"> Charis M. Orfanidou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Maroutian"> Thomas Maroutian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Lecoeur"> Philippe Lecoeur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guillaume%20Agnus"> Guillaume Agnus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Aubert"> Pascal Aubert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvain%20Franger"> Sylvain Franger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rapha%C3%ABl%20Salot"> Raphaël Salot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathalie%20Brun"> Nathalie Brun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katia%20March"> Katia March</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Alamarguy"> David Alamarguy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Chr%C3%A9Tien"> Pascal ChréTien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivier%20Schneegans"> Olivier Schneegans</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the field of Nanoelectronics, a major research activity is being developed towards non-volatile memories. To face the limitations of existing Flash memory cells (endurance, downscaling, rapidity…), new approaches are emerging, among them resistive switching memories (Re-RAM). In this work, we analysed the behaviour of LixCoO2 oxide thin films in electrode/film/electrode devices. Preliminary results have been obtained concerning the influence of bias pulses characteristics (duration, value) on some performance parameters, such as endurance and resistance ratio (ROFF/RON). Besides, Conducting Probe Atomic Force Microscopy (CP-AFM) characterizations of the devices have been carried out to better understand some causes of performance failure, and thus help optimizing the switching performance of such devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20volatile%20resistive%20memories" title="non volatile resistive memories">non volatile resistive memories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistive%20switching" title=" resistive switching"> resistive switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurance" title=" endurance"> endurance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65064/effects-of-voltage-pulse-characteristics-on-some-performance-parameters-of-licoo2-based-resistive-switching-memory-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">611</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> The Malfatti’s Problem in Reuleaux Triangle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Shoei%20Chiang">Ching-Shoei Chiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Malfatti’s Problem is to ask for fitting 3 circles into a right triangle such that they are tangent to each other, and each circle is also tangent to a pair of the triangle’s side. This problem has been extended to any triangle (called general Malfatti’s Problem). Furthermore, the problem has been extended to have 1+2+…+n circles, we call it extended general Malfatti’s problem, these circles whose tangency graph, using the center of circles as vertices and the edge connect two circles center if these two circles tangent to each other, has the structure as Pascal’s triangle, and the exterior circles of these circles tangent to three sides of the triangle. In the extended general Malfatti’s problem, there are closed-form solutions for n=1, 2, and the problem becomes complex when n is greater than 2. In solving extended general Malfatti’s problem (n>2), we initially give values to the radii of all circles. From the tangency graph and current radii, we can compute angle value between two vectors. These vectors are from the center of the circle to the tangency points with surrounding elements, and these surrounding elements can be the boundary of the triangle or other circles. For each circle C, there are vectors from its center c to its tangency point with its neighbors (count clockwise) pi, i=0, 1,2,..,n. We add all angles between cpi to cp(i+1) mod (n+1), i=0,1,..,n, call it sumangle(C) for circle C. Using sumangle(C), we can reduce/enlarge the radii for all circles in next iteration, until sumangle(C) is equal to 2πfor all circles. With a similar idea, this paper proposed an algorithm to find the radii of circles whose tangency has the structure of Pascal’s triangle, and the exterior circles of these circles are tangent to the unit Realeaux Triangle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malfatti%E2%80%99s%20problem" title="Malfatti’s problem">Malfatti’s problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20constraint%20solver" title=" geometric constraint solver"> geometric constraint solver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-aided%20geometric%20design" title=" computer-aided geometric design"> computer-aided geometric design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circle%20packing" title=" circle packing"> circle packing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20visualization" title=" data visualization"> data visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148477/the-malfattis-problem-in-reuleaux-triangle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> A Comparative Study of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) for Airflow Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sijie%20Fu">Sijie Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal-Henry%20Biwol%C3%A9"> Pascal-Henry Biwolé</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Mathis"> Christian Mathis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among modern airflow measurement methods, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV), as visualized and non-instructive measurement techniques, are playing more important role. This paper conducts a comparative experimental study for airflow measurement employing both techniques with the same condition. Velocity vector fields, velocity contour fields, voticity profiles and turbulence profiles are selected as the comparison indexes. The results show that the performance of both PIV and PTV techniques for airflow measurement is satisfied, but some differences between the both techniques are existed, it suggests that selecting the measurement technique should be based on a comprehensive consideration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airflow%20measurement" title="airflow measurement">airflow measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIV" title=" PIV"> PIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTV" title=" PTV"> PTV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17111/a-comparative-study-of-particle-image-velocimetry-piv-and-particle-tracking-velocimetry-ptv-for-airflow-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Bag of Words Representation Based on Weighting Useful Visual Words</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Abdedayem">Fatma Abdedayem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most effective and efficient methods in image categorization are almost based on bag-of-words (BOW) which presents image by a histogram of occurrence of visual words. In this paper, we propose a novel extension to this method. Firstly, we extract features in multi-scales by applying a color local descriptor named opponent-SIFT. Secondly, in order to represent image we use Spatial Pyramid Representation (SPR) and an extension to the BOW method which based on weighting visual words. Typically, the visual words are weighted during histogram assignment by computing the ratio of their occurrences in the image to the occurrences in the background. Finally, according to classical BOW retrieval framework, only a few words of the vocabulary is useful for image representation. Therefore, we select the useful weighted visual words that respect the threshold value. Experimentally, the algorithm is tested by using different image classes of PASCAL VOC 2007 and is compared against the classical bag-of-visual-words algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BOW" title="BOW">BOW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=useful%20visual%20words" title=" useful visual words"> useful visual words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20visual%20words" title=" weighted visual words"> weighted visual words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bag%20of%20visual%20words" title=" bag of visual words"> bag of visual words</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14009/bag-of-words-representation-based-on-weighting-useful-visual-words" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Developing an Effectual Logic through a Visual Mind Mapping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberti%20Pascal">Alberti Pascal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Mouloua"> Mustapha Mouloua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Companies are confronted with complex and competitive markets. The dynamics of these markets are becoming more and more fluid, requiring companies to provide competitive, definite and technological responses within increasingly short timeframes. To meet this demand, companies must rely on the cognitive abilities of actors of creativity to provide tangible answers to current contextual problems. It therefore seems appropriate to provide instruments to support this particular stage of innovation. Various methods and tools can meet this requirement. For a number of years we have been conducting experiments on the use of mind maps in the context of innovation projects with teams of different nationalities. After presenting the main research carried out on this theme, we discuss the possible correlation between the different uses of iconic tools and certain types of innovation. We then provide a link with different cognitive logic. Finally, we conclude by putting our research into perspective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title="creativity">creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causal%20logic" title=" causal logic"> causal logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectual%20logic" title=" effectual logic"> effectual logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mind%20mapping" title=" mind mapping"> mind mapping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9265/developing-an-effectual-logic-through-a-visual-mind-mapping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Lightweight High-Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor for Vehicles-Investigation of Pipe Diffuser Designs by Means of CFD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleni%20Ioannou">Eleni Ioannou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Nucara"> Pascal Nucara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keith%20Pullen"> Keith Pullen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subject of this paper is the investigation of the best efficiency design of a compressor diffuser applied in new lightweight, ultra efficient micro-gas turbine engines for vehicles. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results are obtained utilizing steady state simulations for a wedge and an ”oval” type pipe diffuser in an effort to identify the beneficial effects of the pipe diffuser design. The basic flow features are presented with particular focus on the optimization of the pipe diffuser leading to higher efficiencies for the compressor stage. The optimised pipe diffuser is designed to exploit the 3D freedom enabled by Selective Laser Melting, hence purposely involves an investigation of geometric characteristics that do not follow the traditional diffuser concept. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20compressor" title=" centrifugal compressor"> centrifugal compressor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-gas%20turbine" title=" micro-gas turbine"> micro-gas turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20diffuser" title=" pipe diffuser"> pipe diffuser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLM" title=" SLM"> SLM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wedge%20diffuser" title=" wedge diffuser"> wedge diffuser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39107/lightweight-high-pressure-ratio-centrifugal-compressor-for-vehicles-investigation-of-pipe-diffuser-designs-by-means-of-cfd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Shock Compressibility of Iron Alloys Calculated in the Framework of Quantum-Statistical Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20A.%20Kadatskiy">Maxim A. Kadatskiy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantin%20V.%20Khishchenko"> Konstantin V. Khishchenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iron alloys are widespread components in various types of structural materials which are exposed to intensive thermal and mechanical loads. Various quantum-statistical cell models with the approximation of self-consistent field can be used for the prediction of the behavior of these materials under extreme conditions. The application of these models is even more valid, the higher the temperature and the density of matter. Results of Hugoniot calculation for iron alloys in the framework of three quantum-statistical (the Thomas–Fermi, the Thomas–Fermi with quantum and exchange corrections and the Hartree–Fock–Slater) models are presented. Results of quantum-statistical calculations are compared with results from other reliable models and available experimental data. It is revealed a good agreement between results of calculation and experimental data for terra pascal pressures. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloy" title="alloy">alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugoniot" title=" Hugoniot"> Hugoniot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron" title=" iron"> iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terapascal%20pressure" title=" terapascal pressure"> terapascal pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58836/shock-compressibility-of-iron-alloys-calculated-in-the-framework-of-quantum-statistical-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Digital Platform of Crops for Smart Agriculture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20Faye">Pascal François Faye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baye%20Mor%20Sall"> Baye Mor Sall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bineta%20Dembele"> Bineta Dembele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeanne%20Ana%20Awa%20Faye"> Jeanne Ana Awa Faye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In agriculture, estimating crop yields is key to improving productivity and decision-making processes such as financial market forecasting and addressing food security issues. The main objective of this paper is to have tools to predict and improve the accuracy of crop yield forecasts using machine learning (ML) algorithms such as CART , KNN and SVM . We developed a mobile app and a web app that uses these algorithms for practical use by farmers. The tests show that our system (collection and deployment architecture, web application and mobile application) is operational and validates empirical knowledge on agro-climatic parameters in addition to proactive decision-making support. The experimental results obtained on the agricultural data, the performance of the ML algorithms are compared using cross-validation in order to identify the most effective ones following the agricultural data. The proposed applications demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in predicting crop yields and provides timely and accurate responses to farmers for decision support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title="prediction">prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20agriculture" title=" digital agriculture"> digital agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168314/digital-platform-of-crops-for-smart-agriculture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Optimizing the Capacity of a Convolutional Neural Network for Image Segmentation and Pattern Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yalong%20Jiang">Yalong Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheru%20Chi"> Zheru Chi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we study the factors which determine the capacity of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model and propose the ways to evaluate and adjust the capacity of a CNN model for best matching to a specific pattern recognition task. Firstly, a scheme is proposed to adjust the number of independent functional units within a CNN model to make it be better fitted to a task. Secondly, the number of independent functional units in the capsule network is adjusted to fit it to the training dataset. Thirdly, a method based on Bayesian GAN is proposed to enrich the variances in the current dataset to increase its complexity. Experimental results on the PASCAL VOC 2010 Person Part dataset and the MNIST dataset show that, in both conventional CNN models and capsule networks, the number of independent functional units is an important factor that determines the capacity of a network model. By adjusting the number of functional units, the capacity of a model can better match the complexity of a dataset. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20network" title=" convolutional neural network"> convolutional neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capsule%20network" title=" capsule network"> capsule network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20optimization" title=" capacity optimization"> capacity optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=character%20recognition" title=" character recognition"> character recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20augmentation" title=" data augmentation"> data augmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20segmentation" title=" semantic segmentation"> semantic segmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95551/optimizing-the-capacity-of-a-convolutional-neural-network-for-image-segmentation-and-pattern-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Bag of Words Representation Based on Fusing Two Color Local Descriptors and Building Multiple Dictionaries </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Abdedayem">Fatma Abdedayem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose an extension to the famous method called Bag of words (BOW) which proved a successful role in the field of image categorization. Practically, this method based on representing image with visual words. In this work, firstly, we extract features from images using Spatial Pyramid Representation (SPR) and two dissimilar color descriptors which are opponent-SIFT and transformed-color-SIFT. Secondly, we fuse color local features by joining the two histograms coming from these descriptors. Thirdly, after collecting of all features, we generate multi-dictionaries coming from n random feature subsets that obtained by dividing all features into n random groups. Then, by using these dictionaries separately each image can be represented by n histograms which are lately concatenated horizontally and form the final histogram, that allows to combine Multiple Dictionaries (MDBoW). In the final step, in order to classify image we have applied Support Vector Machine (SVM) on the generated histograms. Experimentally, we have used two dissimilar image datasets in order to test our proposition: Caltech 256 and PASCAL VOC 2007. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bag%20of%20words%20%28BOW%29" title="bag of words (BOW)">bag of words (BOW)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20descriptors" title=" color descriptors"> color descriptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-dictionaries" title=" multi-dictionaries"> multi-dictionaries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MDBoW" title=" MDBoW"> MDBoW</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14637/bag-of-words-representation-based-on-fusing-two-color-local-descriptors-and-building-multiple-dictionaries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Robotic Assistance in Nursing Care: Survey on Challenges and Scenarios</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Gliesche">Pascal Gliesche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Seibert"> Kathrin Seibert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Kowalski"> Christian Kowalski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominik%20Domhoff"> Dominik Domhoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max%20Pfingsthorn"> Max Pfingsthorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karin%20Wolf-Ostermann"> Karin Wolf-Ostermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Hein"> Andreas Hein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robotic assistance in nursing care is an increasingly important area of research and development. Facing a shortage of labor and an increasing number of people in need of care, the German Nursing Care Innovation Center (Pflegeinnovationszentrum, PIZ) aims to address these challenges from the side of technology. Little is known about nurses experiences with existing robotic assistance systems. Especially nurses perspectives on starting points for the development of robotic solutions, that target recurring burdensome tasks in everyday nursing care, are of interest. This paper presents findings focusing on robotics resulting from an explanatory mixed-methods study on nurses experiences with and their expectations for innovative technologies in nursing care in stationary and ambulant care facilities and hospitals in Germany. Based on the findings, eight scenarios for robotic assistance are identified based on the real needs of practitioners. An initial system addressing a single use-case is described to show perspectives for the use of robots in nursing care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotics%20and%20automation" title="robotics and automation">robotics and automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20management" title=" engineering management"> engineering management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20in%20medicine%20and%20biology" title=" engineering in medicine and biology"> engineering in medicine and biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20services" title=" medical services"> medical services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health-care" title=" public health-care"> public health-care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127492/robotic-assistance-in-nursing-care-survey-on-challenges-and-scenarios" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Relationship Between Pain Intensity at the Time of the Hamstring Muscle Injury and Hamstring Muscle Lesion Volume Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grange%20Sylvain">Grange Sylvain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plancher%20Ronan"> Plancher Ronan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reurink%20Guustav"> Reurink Guustav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Croisille%20%20Pierre"> Croisille Pierre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edouard%20Pascal"> Edouard Pascal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary objective of this study was to analyze the potential correlation between the pain experienced at the time of a hamstring muscle injury and the volume of the lesion measured on MRI. The secondary objectives were to analyze a correlation between this pain and the lesion grade as well as the affected hamstring muscle. We performed a retrospective analysis of the data collected in a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional cohort study (HAMMER). Patients with suspected hamstring muscle injury had an MRI after the injury and at the same time were evaluated for their pain intensity experienced at the time of the injury with a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) from 0 to 10. A total of 61 patients were included in the present analysis. MRIs were performed in an average of less than 8 days. There was a significant correlation between pain and the injury volume (r=0.287; p=0.025). There was no significant correlation between the pain and the lesion grade (p>0.05), nor between the pain and affected hamstring muscle (p>0.05). Pain at the time of injury appeared to be correlated with the volume of muscle affected. These results confirm the value of a clinical approach in the initial evaluation of hamstring injuries to better select patients eligible for further imaging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hamstring%20muscle%20injury" title="hamstring muscle injury">hamstring muscle injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20lesion" title=" volume lesion"> volume lesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151885/relationship-between-pain-intensity-at-the-time-of-the-hamstring-muscle-injury-and-hamstring-muscle-lesion-volume-measured-by-magnetic-resonance-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> The Effect of Symmetrical Presentation of a "Photographic Mind Map" on the Production of Design Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Alberti">Pascal Alberti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Mouloua"> Mustapha Mouloua </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s global market economy, various companies are often confronted with the dynamic and complex nature of current competitive markets. The dynamics of these markets are becoming more and more fluid, often requiring companies to provide competitive, definite advantages, and technological responses within increasingly shorte time frames. To meet these demands, companies must rely on the cognitive abilities of actors of creativity to provide tangible answers to the current contextual problems. Thus, it is important to provide a variety of instruments and design tools to support this particular stage of innovation, and to meet their demand expectations. For a number of years now, we have been extensively conducting experiments on the use of mind maps in the context of innovative projects with collaborative research teams from various nationalities. Our research findings reported a significant difference between a “Word” Mind Map and “Photographic” Mind Map, a correlation between the different uses of iconic tools and certain types of innovation, and a relationship between the different cognitive logics. In this paper, we will present our new results related to the effect of symmetrical presentation of a Photographic Mind Map" on the production of design solutions. Finally, we will conclude by highlighting the importance of our experimental method, and discussing both the theoretical and practical implications of our research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title="creativity">creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mind%20mapping" title=" mind mapping"> mind mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20product" title=" design product"> design product</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30190/the-effect-of-symmetrical-presentation-of-a-photographic-mind-map-on-the-production-of-design-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Challenges of Technical and Engineering Students in the Application of Scientific Cancer Knowledge to Preserve the Future Generation in Sub-Saharan Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Shaloom%20Mbambu">K. Shaloom Mbambu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pascal%20Tshimbalanga"> M. Pascal Tshimbalanga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ruth%20Mutala"> K. Ruth Mutala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Roger%20Kabuya"> K. Roger Kabuya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Dieudonn%C3%A9%20Kabeya"> N. Dieudonné Kabeya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20L.%20Kabeya%20Mukeba"> Y. L. Kabeya Mukeba </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the authors examine the even more worrying situation of girls in sub-Saharan Africa. Two-girls on five are private of Global Education, which represents a real loss to the development of communities and countries. Cultural traditions, poverty, violence, early and forced marriages, early pregnancies, and many other gender inequalities were the causes of this cancer development. Namely, "it is no more efficient development tool that is educating girls." The non-schooling of girls and their lack of supervision by liberal professions have serious consequences for the life of each of them. To improve the conditions of their inferior status, girls to men introduce poverty and health risks. Raising awareness among parents and communities on the importance of girls' education, improving children's access to school, girl-boy equality with their rights, creating income, and generating activities for girls, girls, and girls learning of liberal trades to make them self-sufficient. Organizations such as the United Nations Organization can save the children. ASEAD and the AEDA group are predicting the impact of this cancer on the development of a nation's future generation must be preserved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20girl" title="young girl">young girl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Saharan%20Africa" title=" Sub-Saharan Africa"> Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20and%20vocational%20education" title=" higher and vocational education"> higher and vocational education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67462/challenges-of-technical-and-engineering-students-in-the-application-of-scientific-cancer-knowledge-to-preserve-the-future-generation-in-sub-saharan-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Non-Targeted Adversarial Object Detection Attack: Fast Gradient Sign Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bandar%20Alahmadi">Bandar Alahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manohar%20Mareboyana"> Manohar Mareboyana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lethia%20Jackson"> Lethia Jackson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, there are many applications that are using computer vision models, such as face recognition, image classification, and object detection. The accuracy of these models is very important for the performance of these applications. One challenge that facing the computer vision models is the adversarial examples attack. In computer vision, the adversarial example is an image that is intentionally designed to cause the machine learning model to misclassify it. One of very well-known method that is used to attack the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) is Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM). The goal of this method is to find the perturbation that can fool the CNN using the gradient of the cost function of CNN. In this paper, we introduce a novel model that can attack Regional-Convolution Neural Network (R-CNN) that use FGSM. We first extract the regions that are detected by R-CNN, and then we resize these regions into the size of regular images. Then, we find the best perturbation of the regions that can fool CNN using FGSM. Next, we add the resulted perturbation to the attacked region to get a new region image that looks similar to the original image to human eyes. Finally, we placed the regions back to the original image and test the R-CNN with the attacked images. Our model could drop the accuracy of the R-CNN when we tested with Pascal VOC 2012 dataset. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adversarial%20examples" title="adversarial examples">adversarial examples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attack" title=" attack"> attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title=" computer vision"> computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103308/non-targeted-adversarial-object-detection-attack-fast-gradient-sign-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Predicting Stack Overflow Accepted Answers Using Features and Models with Varying Degrees of Complexity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osayande%20Pascal%20Omondiagbe">Osayande Pascal Omondiagbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherlock%20a%20Licorish"> Sherlock a Licorish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stack Overflow is a popular community question and answer portal which is used by practitioners to solve technology-related challenges during software development. Previous studies have shown that this forum is becoming a substitute for official software programming languages documentation. While tools have looked to aid developers by presenting interfaces to explore Stack Overflow, developers often face challenges searching through many possible answers to their questions, and this extends the development time. To this end, researchers have provided ways of predicting acceptable Stack Overflow answers by using various modeling techniques. However, less interest is dedicated to examining the performance and quality of typically used modeling methods, and especially in relation to models’ and features’ complexity. Such insights could be of practical significance to the many practitioners that use Stack Overflow. This study examines the performance and quality of various modeling methods that are used for predicting acceptable answers on Stack Overflow, drawn from 2014, 2015 and 2016. Our findings reveal significant differences in models’ performance and quality given the type of features and complexity of models used. Researchers examining classifiers’ performance and quality and features’ complexity may leverage these findings in selecting suitable techniques when developing prediction models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20selection" title="feature selection">feature selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling%20and%20prediction" title=" modeling and prediction"> modeling and prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest" title=" random forest"> random forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stack%20overflow" title=" stack overflow"> stack overflow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143309/predicting-stack-overflow-accepted-answers-using-features-and-models-with-varying-degrees-of-complexity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Experimental Quantification and Modeling of Dissolved Gas during Hydrate Crystallization: CO₂ Hydrate Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amokrane%20Boufares">Amokrane Boufares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elise%20Provost"> Elise Provost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronique%20Osswald"> Veronique Osswald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Clain"> Pascal Clain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20Delahaye"> Anthony Delahaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurence%20Fournaison"> Laurence Fournaison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didier%20Dalmazzone"> Didier Dalmazzone </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas hydrates have long been considered as problematic for flow assurance in natural gas and oil transportation. On the other hand, they are now seen as future promising materials for various applications (i.e. desalination of seawater, natural gas and hydrogen storage, gas sequestration, gas combustion separation and cold storage and transport). Nonetheless, a better understanding of the crystallization mechanism of gas hydrate and of their formation kinetics is still needed for a better comprehension and control of the process. To that purpose, measuring the real-time evolution of the dissolved gas concentration in the aqueous phase during hydrate formation is required. In this work, CO₂ hydrates were formed in a stirred reactor equipped with an Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) probe coupled to a Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy analyzer. A method was first developed to continuously measure in-situ the CO₂ concentration in the liquid phase during solubilization, supersaturation, hydrate crystallization and dissociation steps. Thereafter, the measured concentration data were compared with those of equilibrium concentrations. It was observed that the equilibrium is instantly reached in the liquid phase due to the fast consumption of dissolved gas by the hydrate crystallization. Consequently, it was shown that hydrate crystallization kinetics is limited by the gas transfer at the gas-liquid interface. Finally, we noticed that the liquid-hydrate equilibrium during the hydrate crystallization is governed by the temperature of the experiment under the tested conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20hydrate" title="gas hydrate">gas hydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20gas" title=" dissolved gas"> dissolved gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20spectroscopy" title=" infrared spectroscopy "> infrared spectroscopy </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93392/experimental-quantification-and-modeling-of-dissolved-gas-during-hydrate-crystallization-co2-hydrate-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Automatic Identification and Monitoring of Wildlife via Computer Vision and IoT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Arshad">Bilal Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johan%20Barthelemy"> Johan Barthelemy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elliott%20Pilton"> Elliott Pilton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Perez"> Pascal Perez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Getting reliable, informative, and up-to-date information about the location, mobility, and behavioural patterns of animals will enhance our ability to research and preserve biodiversity. The fusion of infra-red sensors and camera traps offers an inexpensive way to collect wildlife data in the form of images. However, extracting useful data from these images, such as the identification and counting of animals remains a manual, time-consuming, and costly process. In this paper, we demonstrate that such information can be automatically retrieved by using state-of-the-art deep learning methods. Another major challenge that ecologists are facing is the recounting of one single animal multiple times due to that animal reappearing in other images taken by the same or other camera traps. Nonetheless, such information can be extremely useful for tracking wildlife and understanding its behaviour. To tackle the multiple count problem, we have designed a meshed network of camera traps, so they can share the captured images along with timestamps, cumulative counts, and dimensions of the animal. The proposed method takes leverage of edge computing to support real-time tracking and monitoring of wildlife. This method has been validated in the field and can be easily extended to other applications focusing on wildlife monitoring and management, where the traditional way of monitoring is expensive and time-consuming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title="computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title=" ecology"> ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invasive%20species%20management" title=" invasive species management"> invasive species management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wildlife%20management" title=" wildlife management"> wildlife management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115450/automatic-identification-and-monitoring-of-wildlife-via-computer-vision-and-iot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Influence of the Granular Mixture Properties on the Rheological Properties of Concrete: Yield Stress Determination Using Modified Chateau et al. Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Zentar">Rachid Zentar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokrane%20Bala"> Mokrane Bala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Boustingorry"> Pascal Boustingorry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prediction of the rheological behavior of concrete is at the center of current concerns of the concrete industry for different reasons. The shortage of good quality standard materials combined with variable properties of available materials imposes to improve existing models to take into account these variations at the design stage of concrete. The main reasons for improving the predictive models are, of course, saving time and cost at the design stage as well as to optimize concrete performances. In this study, we will highlight the different properties of the granular mixtures that affect the rheological properties of concrete. Our objective is to identify the intrinsic parameters of the aggregates which make it possible to predict the yield stress of concrete. The work was done using two typologies of grains: crushed and rolled aggregates. The experimental results have shown that the rheology of concrete is improved by increasing the packing density of the granular mixture using rolled aggregates. The experimental program realized allowed to model the yield stress of concrete by a modified model of Chateau et al. through a dimensionless parameter following Krieger-Dougherty law. The modelling confirms that the yield stress of concrete depends not only on the properties of cement paste but also on the packing density of the granular skeleton and the shape of grains. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crushed%20aggregates" title="crushed aggregates">crushed aggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrinsic%20viscosity" title=" intrinsic viscosity"> intrinsic viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packing%20density" title=" packing density"> packing density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolled%20aggregates" title=" rolled aggregates"> rolled aggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slump" title=" slump"> slump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20stress%20of%20concrete" title=" yield stress of concrete"> yield stress of concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108020/influence-of-the-granular-mixture-properties-on-the-rheological-properties-of-concrete-yield-stress-determination-using-modified-chateau-et-al-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Experimental Parameters’ Effects on the Electrical Discharge Machining Performances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmae%20Tafraouti">Asmae Tafraouti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmina%20Layouni"> Yasmina Layouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Kleimann"> Pascal Kleimann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing market for Microsystems (MST) and Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) is driving the research for alternative manufacturing techniques to microelectronics-based technologies, which are generally expensive and time-consuming. Hot-embossing and micro-injection modeling of thermoplastics appear to be industrially viable processes. However, both require the use of master models, usually made in hard materials such as steel. These master models cannot be fabricated using standard microelectronics processes. Thus, other micromachining processes are used, such as laser machining or micro-electrical discharge machining (µEDM). In this work, µEDM has been used. The principle of µEDM is based on the use of a thin cylindrical micro-tool that erodes the workpiece surface. The two electrodes are immersed in a dielectric with a distance of a few micrometers (gap). When an electrical voltage is applied between the two electrodes, electrical discharges are generated, which cause material machining. In order to produce master models with high resolution and smooth surfaces, it is necessary to well control the discharge mechanism. However, several problems are encountered, such as a random electrical discharge process, the fluctuation of the discharge energy, the electrodes' polarity inversion, and the wear of the micro-tool. The effect of different parameters, such as the applied voltage, the working capacitor, the micro-tool diameter, and the initial gap, has been studied. This analysis helps to improve the machining performances, such as the workpiece surface condition and the lateral crater's gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=craters" title="craters">craters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20discharges" title=" electrical discharges"> electrical discharges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-electrical%20discharge%20machining" title=" micro-electrical discharge machining"> micro-electrical discharge machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsystems" title=" microsystems"> microsystems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146294/experimental-parameters-effects-on-the-electrical-discharge-machining-performances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Study of Buried Interfaces in Fe/Si Multilayer by Hard X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Verma">Hina Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karine%20Le%20Guen"> Karine Le Guen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renaud%20Dalaunay"> Renaud Dalaunay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyas%20Ismail"> Iyas Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vita%20Ilakovac"> Vita Ilakovac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Pascal%20Rueff"> Jean Pascal Rueff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunlin%20Jacques%20Zheng"> Yunlin Jacques Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Jonnard"> Philippe Jonnard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To the extent of our knowledge, X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) has been applied in the soft x-ray region (photon energy ≤ 2 keV) to study the buried layers and interfaces of stacks of nanometer-thin films. Now we extend the methodology to study the buried interfaces in the hard X-ray region (i.e., ≥ five keV). The emission spectra allow us to study the interactions between elements in the buried layers from the analysis of their valence states, thereby providing sensitive information about the physical-chemical environment of the emitting element in multilayers. We exploit the chemical sensitivity of XES to study the interfaces between Fe and Si layers in the Fe/Si multilayer from the Fe Kβ₂,₅ emission spectra (7108 eV). The Fe Kβ₅ emission line results from the electronic transition from occupied 3d to 1s levels (i.e., valence to core transition) and is hence sensitive to the chemical state of emitting Fe atoms. The comparison of emission spectra recorded for Fe/Si multilayer with Fe and FeSi₂ references reveal the formation of FeSi₂ at the Fe-Si interfaces inside the multilayer stack. The interfacial thickness was calculated to be 1.4 ± 0.2 nm by taking into consideration the intensity of Fe atoms emitted from the interface and the Fe layer. The formation of FeSi₂ at the interface was further confirmed by the X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy done on the Fe/Si multilayer. Hence, we can conclude that the XES in the hard X-ray range could be used to study multilayers and their interfaces and obtain information both qualitatively and quantitatively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buried%20interfaces" title="buried interfaces">buried interfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20X-ray%20emission%20spectroscopy" title=" hard X-ray emission spectroscopy"> hard X-ray emission spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20photoelectron%20spectroscopy" title=" X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"> X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136026/study-of-buried-interfaces-in-fesi-multilayer-by-hard-x-ray-emission-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div 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