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class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biosonar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 33 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="الرصد بالصدى عند الحيوانات – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الرصد بالصدى عند الحيوانات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exolokasiya" title="Exolokasiya – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Exolokasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ехолокация – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ехолокация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolocalitzaci%C3%B3" title="Ecolocalització – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ecolocalització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echolokace" title="Echolokace – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Echolokace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echoortung" title="Echoortung – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Echoortung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_location" title="Acoustic location – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Acoustic location" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C4%A5olokigo" title="Eĥolokigo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eĥolokigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajalokatsioon" title="Kajalokatsioon – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kajalokatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="موقعیت‌یابی صوتی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موقعیت‌یابی صوتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cholocalisation" title="Écholocalisation – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écholocalisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimsi%C3%BA_%C3%B3_mhacalla" title="Aimsiú ó mhacalla – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aimsiú ó mhacalla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolocaci%C3%B3n" title="Ecolocación – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ecolocación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolokasyon" title="Ekolokasyon – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekolokasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B7%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ձայնատեղորոշում – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձայնատեղորոշում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolokasi" title="Ekolokasi – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekolokasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B4%E9%9F%B3%E6%A9%9F" title="聴音機 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聴音機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эхолокация – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эхолокация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эхолокация – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эхолокация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echolokacija" title="Echolokacija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Echolokacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇക്കോലൊക്കേഷൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇക്കോലൊക്കേഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolokasi_haiwan" title="Ekolokasi haiwan – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ekolokasi haiwan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echolocatie" title="Echolocatie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Echolocatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekkolokalisering" title="Ekkolokalisering – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ekkolokalisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekkolokalisering" title="Ekkolokalisering – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ekkolokalisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echolokacja" title="Echolokacja – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Echolokacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolocaliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ecolocalização – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ecolocalização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoloca%C8%9Bie" title="Ecolocație – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecolocație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эхолокация – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эхолокация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echolocation" title="Echolocation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Echolocation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolokalisering" title="Ekolokalisering – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ekolokalisering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Акустична локація – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Акустична локація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%B3%E6%B8%AC%E4%BD%8D%E5%99%A8" title="聲音測位器 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聲音測位器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217270#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biosonar" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Biosonar" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biosonar"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Delfinekko.gif/220px-Delfinekko.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Delfinekko.gif/330px-Delfinekko.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Delfinekko.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="154" /></a><figcaption>Princippet i ekkolokalisering</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Biosonar</b>, også kaldet <b>Ekkolokalisering</b> er en måde at orientere sig på, hvor dyr udsender lyde og bruger tilbagekastede ekkoer til at orientere sig i omgivelserne. Det findes i den bedst udviklede form hos <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5flagermus" title="Småflagermus">småflagermus</a> (Microchiroptera) og <a href="/wiki/Tandhvaler" title="Tandhvaler">tandhvaler</a> (Odontoceti), men simplere former findes også bl.a. hos en slægt af <a href="/wiki/Storflagermus" title="Storflagermus">storflagermus</a> (<i>Rousettus</i>), kinesiske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulesvaler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hulesvaler (ikke skrevet endnu)">hulesvaler</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerodramus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerodramus (ikke skrevet endnu)">Aerodramus</a> sp.</i>) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedtfugl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedtfugl (ikke skrevet endnu)">fedtfuglen</a> (<i>Steatornis caripensis</i>). Ordet blev opfundet af Donald Griffin, der var den første der demonstrerede dets eksistens i flagermus. </p><p>Dyr der bruger ekkolokalisering udsender lyde i deres miljø. De lytter til <a href="/wiki/Ekko" title="Ekko">ekkoet</a> der kommer tilbage fra forskellige objekter i deres miljø. De bruger disse ekkoer til at finde, afstandsbedømme og identificere objekter. Ekkolokalisering bruges til <a href="/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">navigation</a> og jagt i forskellige miljøer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grundprincippet">Grundprincippet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Grundprincippet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Grundprincippet"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Animal_echolocation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Animal_echolocation.svg/220px-Animal_echolocation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Animal_echolocation.svg/330px-Animal_echolocation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Animal_echolocation.svg/440px-Animal_echolocation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption>Diagram med beskrivelse af princippet i ultralydsignaler udsendt af en flagermus og ekkoet modtaget fra et nært objekt.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ekkolokalisering fungerer som aktiv <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">sonar</a> ved brug af lyde fra et dyr. Afstandsbedømmelse foretages ved at måle tidsforskellen mellem dyrets udsendelse af lyden og ekkoer, der kommer tilbage fra miljøet. Hvor sonar afhænger af en meget tynd stråle til at lokalisere et mål, bruger dyrs ekkolokalisering flere modtagere. Ekkolokaliserende dyr har to ører, der er placeret lidt forskelligt. Ekkoerne, der når ørerne, ankommer på forskellige tidspunkter og med forskellige lydstyrker, afhængigt af positionen på det objekt, der genererede ekkoet. Tiden og lydstyrke forskellene bruges af dyret til at opfatte retningen. Med ekkolokalisering kan dyret ikke bare se hvor objektet er, men også hvor stort det er, dets masse, osv. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekkolokaliserende_flagermus">Ekkolokaliserende flagermus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Ekkolokaliserende flagermus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ekkolokaliserende flagermus"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="56" data-mwtitle="Yannick_Dauby_-_Bats_echolocation_(CC_by).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fil:Yannick_Dauby_-_Bats_echolocation_(CC_by).ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Yannick_Dauby_-_Bats_echolocation_%28CC_by%29.ogg/Yannick_Dauby_-_Bats_echolocation_%28CC_by%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Yannick_Dauby_-_Bats_echolocation_%28CC_by%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Lydsignal udsendt af flagermusen <i><a href="/wiki/Pipistrellus_pipistrellus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipistrellus pipistrellus">Pipistrellus pipistrellus</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Flagermus" title="Flagermus">Flagermus</a> er en af de bedst kendte eksempler på brug af ekkolokalisering blandt dyr. Alle <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5flagermus" title="Småflagermus">småflagermus</a> bruger ekkolokation. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lazzaro_Spallanzani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani (ikke skrevet endnu)">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a> udførte en række eksperimenter i 1794 og konkluderede at de navigerede via deres hørelse. Det videnskabelige miljø afviste hans opdagelser på det tidspunkt. At flagermusene bruger <a href="/wiki/Ultralyd" title="Ultralyd">ultralyd</a> i deres ekkolokalisering blev først beskrevet af zoologen Donald Griffin i 1938. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5flagermus" title="Småflagermus">Småflagermus</a> bruger ekkolokalisering til at navigere og jage, ofte i totalt mørke. De kommer som regel frem fra deres hvilesteder i huler og på lofter ved tusmørke og jager efter insekter i løbet af natten. Deres brug af ekkolokalisering gør det muligt for dem at besidde en niche i deres økosystem, hvor der er mange insekter og lille konkurrence om maden – og hvor der samtidigt er få rovdyr der kan jage efter flagermusene. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5flagermus" title="Småflagermus">Småflagermus</a> genererer ultralyd via deres <a href="/wiki/Stemmeb%C3%A5nd" title="Stemmebånd">stemmebånd</a>, og udsender lyden gennem deres åbne mund, eller sjældnere, deres næse (udtalt hos især <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hesteskon%C3%A6ser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hesteskonæser (ikke skrevet endnu)">hesteskonæserne</a> (Rhinolophidae). Lydfrekvensen går fra 14.000 til 100.000 Hz. De udsendte lyde former en relativt bred stråle af lyd der bruges til at udforske miljøet. </p><p>Når de jager efter bytte producerer de lyde en 10-20 gange i sekundet. I søgefasen er lydudsendelsen koblet sammen med åndedrættet, der igen er koblet sammen med vingeslagene. Det tænkes at denne kobling sparer energi. Efter et bytte er detekteret, forøger <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5flagermus" title="Småflagermus">småflagermusene</a> raten de udsender lydene med, og kan afslutte med 200 lyde/sek. Når flagermusen nærmer sig byttet falder mellemrummet mellem lydene, og energien i de udsendte lyde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tandhvaler">Tandhvaler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Tandhvaler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tandhvaler"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg/220px-Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg/330px-Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg/440px-Toothed_whale_sound_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>En tandhvals biosonar-system</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tandhval" class="mw-redirect" title="Tandhval">Tandhvaler</a>, herunder <a href="/wiki/Delfin" class="mw-redirect" title="Delfin">delfiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsvin_(hval)" title="Marsvin (hval)">marsvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floddelfiner" title="Floddelfiner">floddelfiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A6khugger" title="Spækhugger">spækhuggere</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kaskelothval" title="Kaskelothval">kaskelothvalen</a> bruger biosonar, da de lever i et undervandsmiljø der har favorable akustiske karakteristika, og hvor synsevnen kan være begrænset. </p><p>Tandhvaler udsender en fokuseret stråle af højfrekvente klik i retningen deres hoved peger. Den fokuserede lystråle kan spredes eller samles af et organ kaldet <a href="/wiki/Melon_(hval)" title="Melon (hval)">melonen</a>. Den fungerer som en akustisk linse. De fleste tandhvaler bruger klik i en serie, et kliktog, til at ekkolokalisere. Forskellige hastigheder på klikkene giver nogle af de velkendte lyde fra <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resvin" title="Øresvin">Øresvinet</a>. Øresvin kan opfatte op til 600 klik/sek. </p><p>Da hvaler ikke har eksterne ører, bliver ekkoerne opfanget af underkæben, hvor de sendes til det indre øre via en stribe fedt. Forskere tror at dyrene beskytter sig mod høreskader ved at sænke volumen på deres lyde når de nærmer sig målet. </p><p>Det har været spekuleret at delfiner kan bruge en meget kraftig form for sonarsignaler, til at lamme eller desorientere deres byttedyr med. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra "<a dir="ltr" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&oldid=11855663">https://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biosonar&oldid=11855663</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Kategorier" title="Speciel:Kategorier">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Zoologi" title="Kategori:Zoologi">Zoologi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne side blev senest ændret den 9. september 2024 kl. 13:39.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst er tilgængelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.da">Creative Commons Navngivelse/Del på samme vilkår 4.0</a>; yderligere betingelser kan være gældende. 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