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id="toc-Role_in_1976_and_1980_presidential_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1981–1989)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1981–1989)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 First Lady of the United States (1981–1989) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1981–1989)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle First Lady of the United States (1981–1989) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1981–1989)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-White_House_glamour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_House_glamour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 White House glamour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_House_glamour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Renovation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renovation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Renovation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renovation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Fashion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extravagance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extravagance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.3 Extravagance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extravagance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Just_Say_No" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Just_Say_No"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Just Say No </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Just_Say_No-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Her_husband's_protector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Her_husband's_protector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Her husband's protector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Her_husband's_protector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astrological_consultations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astrological_consultations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Astrological consultations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astrological_consultations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_in_the_White_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_in_the_White_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Influence in the White House </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_in_the_White_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breast_cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breast_cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Breast cancer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breast_cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Later life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Later life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_post–White_House_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_post–White_House_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Early post–White House activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_post–White_House_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funeral_for_Ronald_Reagan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funeral_for_Ronald_Reagan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Funeral for Ronald Reagan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funeral_for_Ronald_Reagan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Widowhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Widowhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Widowhood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Widowhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Death and funeral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_assessments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_assessments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Historical assessments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_assessments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Nancy Reagan</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" > 93 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نانسي ريغان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نانسي ريغان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nensi_Reyqan" title="Nensi Reyqan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nensi Reyqan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نانسی ریقان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نانسی ریقان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ন্যান্সি রিগ্যান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ন্যান্সি রিগ্যান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нэнсі Рэйган – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нэнсі Рэйган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нэнсі Рэйган – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нэнсі Рэйган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Нанси Рейгън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нанси Рейгън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reaganov%C3%A1" title="Nancy Reaganová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nancy Reaganová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%85_%CE%A1%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Νάνσυ Ρίγκαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νάνσυ Ρίγκαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نانسی ریگان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نانسی ریگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9_%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌴𐌹 𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌴𐌹 𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%B8%EC%8B%9C_%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EA%B1%B4" title="낸시 레이건 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="낸시 레이건" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Նենսի Ռեյգան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նենսի Ռեյգան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9F" title="ננסי רייגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ננסי רייגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნენსი რეიგანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნენსი რეიგანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нэнси Рейган – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нэнси Рейган" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Reagan" title="Anna Reagan – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anna Reagan" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nensija_Reigana" title="Nensija Reigana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nensija Reigana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BB" title="നാൻസി റീഗൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാൻസി റീഗൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="नॅन्सी रेगन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नॅन्सी रेगन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87)" title="نانسى ريجان (محاميه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نانسى ريجان (محاميه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نانسی ریگان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نانسی ریگان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3" title="ナンシー・レーガン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナンシー・レーガン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Рейган, Нэнси – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Рейган, Нэнси" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86" title="نینسی ریگن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نینسی ریگن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%AB%D9%86" title="نانسي ريګن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نانسي ريګن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Рейган, Нэнси – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рейган, Нэнси" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нэнси Рейган – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нэнси Рейган" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="නැන්සි රේගන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නැන්සි රේගන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reaganov%C3%A1" title="Nancy Reaganová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nancy Reaganová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نانسی ڕیگان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نانسی ڕیگان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ненси Реган – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ненси Реган" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="நான்சி ரேகன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நான்சி ரேகன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99" title="แนนซี เรแกน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แนนซี เรแกน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ненсі Рейган – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ненсі Рейган" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86" title="نینسی ڈیوس ریگن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نینسی ڈیوس ریگن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nancy Reagan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" 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searchaux" style="display:none">First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nancy Davis" redirects here. For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Davis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nancy Davis (disambiguation)">Nancy Davis (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Nancy Reagan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A smiling Reagan, a middle-aged woman with short hair, faces the camera." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nancy_Reagan.jpg/220px-Nancy_Reagan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nancy_Reagan.jpg/330px-Nancy_Reagan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nancy_Reagan.jpg/440px-Nancy_Reagan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="750" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 1983</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In role January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady of California">First Lady of California</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In role January 2, 1967 – January 6, 1975</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data">Ronald Reagan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Layne_Brown" title="Bernice Layne Brown">Bernice Brown</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Deukmejian" title="Gloria Deukmejian">Gloria Deukmejian</a> (1983)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Anne Frances Robbins</div> (1921-07-06)July 6, 1921 New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 6, 2016(2016-03-06) (aged 94) Los Angeles, California, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1952; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" />2004)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Davis" title="Patti Davis">Patti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Reagan" title="Ron Reagan">Ron</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Luckett_Davis" title="Edith Luckett Davis">Edith Luckett Davis</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:NanReaganSignature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nancy Reagan's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NanReaganSignature.png/128px-NanReaganSignature.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NanReaganSignature.png/192px-NanReaganSignature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NanReaganSignature.png/256px-NanReaganSignature.png 2x" data-file-width="1407" data-file-height="280" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan_voice.ogg" title="File:Nancy Reagan voice.ogg">Nancy Reagan's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="78" data-mwtitle="Nancy_Reagan_voice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Nancy_Reagan_voice.ogg/Nancy_Reagan_voice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Nancy_Reagan_voice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Nancy Reagan on the <a href="/wiki/Federal_drug_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Federal drug policy of the United States">federal drug policy of the United States</a> Recorded October 2, 1982</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Nancy Davis Reagan (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈreɪɡən/</a>; born Anne Frances Robbins; July 6, 1921 – March 6, 2016) was an American film actress who was the <a href="/wiki/First_lady_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="First lady of the United States">first lady of the United States</a> from 1981 to 1989, as the second wife of President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>. Reagan was born in New York City. After her parents separated, she lived in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> with an aunt and uncle for six years. When her mother remarried in 1929, she moved to Chicago and later was adopted by her mother's second husband. As Nancy Davis, she was a Hollywood actress in the 1940s and 1950s, starring in films such as <a href="/wiki/The_Next_Voice_You_Hear..." title="The Next Voice You Hear...">The Next Voice You Hear...</a>, <a href="/wiki/Night_into_Morning" title="Night into Morning">Night into Morning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Donovan%27s_Brain_(film)" title="Donovan's Brain (film)">Donovan's Brain</a>. In 1952, she married Ronald Reagan, who was then president of the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a>. He had two children from his previous marriage to <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Percha-1">[1]</a> and he and Nancy had two children together. Nancy Reagan was the first lady of California when her husband was <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">governor</a> from 1967 to 1975, and she began to work with the <a href="/wiki/Foster_Grandparents_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Foster Grandparents Program">Foster Grandparents Program</a>. Reagan became First Lady of the United States in January 1981, following her husband's victory in the <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 presidential election</a>. Early in his first term, she was criticized largely due to her decisions both to replace the <a href="/wiki/White_House_china" title="White House china">White House china</a>, which had been paid for by private donations, and to accept free clothing from fashion designers. She championed opposition to <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">recreational drug use</a> when she founded the "<a href="/wiki/Just_Say_No" title="Just Say No">Just Say No</a>" drug awareness campaign, considered her major initiative as First Lady, although it received substantial criticism for stigmatizing poor communities affected by the <a href="/wiki/Crack_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Crack epidemic in the United States">crack epidemic</a>. More discussion of her role ensued following a 1988 revelation that she had consulted an <a href="/wiki/Astrologer" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrologer">astrologer</a> to assist in planning the president's schedule after the <a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan">attempted assassination of her husband in 1981</a>. She generally had a strong influence on her husband and played a role in a few of his personnel and diplomatic decisions. The couple returned to their home in <a href="/wiki/Bel_Air,_Los_Angeles" title="Bel Air, Los Angeles">Bel Air, Los Angeles</a>, California, after leaving the White House. Reagan devoted most of her time to caring for her husband, who was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a> in 1994, until <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">his death</a> at the age of 93 on June 5, 2004. Reagan remained active within the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Library">Reagan Library</a> and in politics, particularly in support of <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonic stem cell research">embryonic stem cell research</a>, until her death from <a href="/wiki/Congestive_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Congestive heart failure">congestive heart failure</a> at age 94 in 2016. She gained high approval ratings in later life for her devotion to her husband in his final illness. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Formal_Photograph_of_Nancy_Davis_and_Edith_Davis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Formal_Photograph_of_Nancy_Davis_and_Edith_Davis.jpg/220px-Formal_Photograph_of_Nancy_Davis_and_Edith_Davis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Formal_Photograph_of_Nancy_Davis_and_Edith_Davis.jpg/330px-Formal_Photograph_of_Nancy_Davis_and_Edith_Davis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Formal_Photograph_of_Nancy_Davis_and_Edith_Davis.jpg/440px-Formal_Photograph_of_Nancy_Davis_and_Edith_Davis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3089" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Young Reagan with her mother, actress <a href="/wiki/Edith_Luckett" class="mw-redirect" title="Edith Luckett">Edith Luckett</a></figcaption></figure> Anne Frances Robbins was born on July 6, 1921, at <a href="/wiki/Sloane_Hospital_for_Women" title="Sloane Hospital for Women">Sloane Hospital for Women</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uptown_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uptown Manhattan">Uptown Manhattan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Percha-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Davis gave her birth date as July 6, 1923, a date cited through most of her life. She was of English descent. She was the only child of Kenneth Seymour Robbins (1892–1972), a farmer<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> turned car salesman who had been born into a once-well-to-do family,<a href="#cite_note-Percha-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> and his actress wife, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Luckett_Davis" title="Edith Luckett Davis">Edith Prescott Luckett</a> (1888–1987).<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-nfll-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luckett-IMDB-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-IBDB_Luckett-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> Her godmother was silent-film-star <a href="/wiki/Alla_Nazimova" title="Alla Nazimova">Alla Nazimova</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> From birth, she was commonly called Nancy.<a href="#cite_note-Reagan-15">[15]</a> Robbins lived her first two years in <a href="/wiki/Flushing,_Queens" title="Flushing, Queens">Flushing, Queens</a>, a neighborhood of New York City, in a two-story house on <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Roosevelt Avenue">Roosevelt Avenue</a> between 149th and 150th Streets.<a href="#cite_note-nyt041291-16">[16]</a> Her parents separated soon after her birth and were divorced in 1928.<a href="#cite_note-Percha-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbc-2004-17">[17]</a> After their separation, her mother traveled the country to pursue acting jobs and Robbins was raised in <a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a>, for six years by her aunt, Virginia Luckett, and uncle, Audley Gailbraith, where she attended <a href="/wiki/Sidwell_Friends_School" title="Sidwell Friends School">Sidwell Friends School</a> for kindergarten through second grade.<a href="#cite_note-Percha-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbc-2004-17">[17]</a> Nancy later described longing for her mother during those years: "My favorite times were when Mother had a job in New York, and Aunt Virgie would take me by train to stay with her."<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In 1929, Robbins' mother married Loyal Edward Davis (1896–1982), a prominent <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Neurosurgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurosurgeon">neurosurgeon</a> who moved the family to Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-Percha-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times-2">[2]</a> Nancy and her stepfather got along very well;<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lw-19">[19]</a> she later wrote that he was "a man of great integrity who exemplified old-fashioned values".<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> He formally adopted her in 1938,<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times-2">[2]</a> and she would always refer to him as her father.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lw-19">[19]</a> At the time of the adoption, her name was legally changed to Nancy Davis.<a href="#cite_note-Reagan-15">[15]</a> She attended the <a href="/wiki/Latin_School_of_Chicago" title="Latin School of Chicago">Girls' Latin School of Chicago</a> (describing herself as an average student), from 1929, until she graduated in 1939, and later attended <a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, where she majored in English and drama, graduating in 1943.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acting_career">Acting career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Acting career">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Publicity_Shot_of_Nancy_Davis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Publicity_Shot_of_Nancy_Davis.jpg/170px-Publicity_Shot_of_Nancy_Davis.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Publicity_Shot_of_Nancy_Davis.jpg/255px-Publicity_Shot_of_Nancy_Davis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Publicity_Shot_of_Nancy_Davis.jpg/340px-Publicity_Shot_of_Nancy_Davis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3205" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Davis, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1949–50</figcaption></figure> In 1940, a young Davis had appeared as a <a href="/wiki/National_Foundation_for_Infantile_Paralysis" class="mw-redirect" title="National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis">National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis</a> volunteer in a memorable short subject film shown in movie theaters to raise donations for the crusade against <a href="/wiki/Poliomyelitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliomyelitis">polio</a>. The Crippler featured a sinister figure spreading over playgrounds and farms, laughing over its victims, until finally dispelled by the volunteer. It was very effective in raising contributions.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Following her graduation from college, Davis held jobs in Chicago as a sales clerk in <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Field%27s" title="Marshall Field's">Marshall Field's</a> department store and as a nurse's aide.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> With the help of her mother's colleagues in theatre, including <a href="/wiki/ZaSu_Pitts" title="ZaSu Pitts">ZaSu Pitts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Huston" title="Walter Huston">Walter Huston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lw-19">[19]</a> she pursued a professional career as an actress. She first gained a part in Pitts' 1945 road tour of <a href="/wiki/Ramshackle_Inn" title="Ramshackle Inn">Ramshackle Inn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> moving to New York City. She landed the role of Si-Tchun, a <a href="/wiki/Lady-in-waiting" title="Lady-in-waiting">lady-in-waiting</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> in the 1946 Broadway musical about the Orient, <a href="/wiki/Lute_Song_(musical)" title="Lute Song (musical)">Lute Song</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> and a pre-fame <a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> The show's producer told her, "You look like you could be Chinese."<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> After passing a <a href="/wiki/Screen_test" title="Screen test">screen test</a>,<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> she moved to California and signed a seven-year contract with <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc.</a> (MGM) in 1949;<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times-2">[2]</a> she later remarked, "Joining Metro was like walking into a dream world."<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Her combination of attractive appearance—centered on her large eyes—and somewhat distant and understated manner made her hard at first for MGM to cast and publicize.<a href="#cite_note-metzger-32-26">[26]</a> Davis appeared in eleven feature films, usually <a href="/wiki/Typecasting_(acting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typecasting (acting)">typecast</a> as a "loyal housewife",<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> "responsible young mother", or "the steady woman".<a href="#cite_note-cannon-gov-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jane_Powell" title="Jane Powell">Jane Powell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Reynolds" title="Debbie Reynolds">Debbie Reynolds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Caron" title="Leslie Caron">Leslie Caron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Janet_Leigh" title="Janet Leigh">Janet Leigh</a> were among the actresses with whom she competed for roles at MGM.<a href="#cite_note-metzger-32-26">[26]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan_-_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Nancy_Reagan_-_1950.jpg/170px-Nancy_Reagan_-_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Nancy_Reagan_-_1950.jpg/255px-Nancy_Reagan_-_1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Nancy_Reagan_-_1950.jpg/340px-Nancy_Reagan_-_1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1306" /></a><figcaption>Davis in 1950</figcaption></figure> Davis' film career began with small supporting roles in two films that were released in 1949, <a href="/wiki/The_Doctor_and_the_Girl" title="The Doctor and the Girl">The Doctor and the Girl</a> with <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Ford" title="Glenn Ford">Glenn Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Side,_West_Side_(1949_film)" title="East Side, West Side (1949 film)">East Side, West Side</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Films_of_Nancy_Reagan-29">[29]</a> She played a <a href="/wiki/Child_and_adolescent_psychiatry" title="Child and adolescent psychiatry">child psychiatrist</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> <a href="/wiki/Shadow_on_the_Wall_(1950_film)" title="Shadow on the Wall (1950 film)">Shadow on the Wall</a> (1950) with <a href="/wiki/Ann_Sothern" title="Ann Sothern">Ann Sothern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Scott" title="Zachary Scott">Zachary Scott</a>; her performance was called "beautiful and convincing" by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a> critic A. H. Weiler.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> She co-starred in 1950's <a href="/wiki/The_Next_Voice_You_Hear..." title="The Next Voice You Hear...">The Next Voice You Hear...</a>, playing a pregnant housewife who hears the voice of God from her radio. Influential reviewer <a href="/wiki/Bosley_Crowther" title="Bosley Crowther">Bosley Crowther</a> of The New York Times wrote that "Nancy Davis [is] delightful as [a] gentle, plain, and understanding wife."<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 1951, Davis appeared in <a href="/wiki/Night_into_Morning" title="Night into Morning">Night into Morning</a>, her favorite screen role,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> a study of bereavement starring <a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a>. Crowther said that Davis "does nicely as the fiancée who is widowed herself and knows the loneliness of grief",<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> while another noted critic, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Coe" title="Richard L. Coe">Richard L. Coe</a>, said Davis "is splendid as the understanding widow".<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> MGM released Davis from her contract in 1952;<a href="#cite_note-metzger-33-35">[35]</a> she sought a broader range of parts,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> but also married Reagan, keeping her professional name as Davis, and had her first child that year.<a href="#cite_note-metzger-33-35">[35]</a> She soon starred in the science fiction film <a href="/wiki/Donovan%27s_Brain_(film)" title="Donovan's Brain (film)">Donovan's Brain</a> (1953); Crowther said that Davis, playing the role of a possessed scientist's "sadly baffled wife", "walked through it all in stark confusion" in an "utterly silly" film.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In her next-to-last movie, <a href="/wiki/Hellcats_of_the_Navy" title="Hellcats of the Navy">Hellcats of the Navy</a> (1957), she played nurse Lieutenant Helen Blair, and appeared in a film for the only time with her husband, playing what one critic called "a housewife who came along for the ride".<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Another reviewer, however, stated that Davis plays her part satisfactorily, and "does well with what she has to work with".<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_aboard_a_boat_in_California_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_aboard_a_boat_in_California_1964.jpg/220px-Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_aboard_a_boat_in_California_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_aboard_a_boat_in_California_1964.jpg/330px-Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_aboard_a_boat_in_California_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_aboard_a_boat_in_California_1964.jpg/440px-Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_aboard_a_boat_in_California_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="781" /></a><figcaption>Nancy and Ronald Reagan aboard a boat, 1964</figcaption></figure> Author <a href="/wiki/Garry_Wills" title="Garry Wills">Garry Wills</a> has said that Davis was generally underrated as an actress because her constrained part in Hellcats was her most widely seen performance.<a href="#cite_note-cannon-gov-28">[28]</a> In addition, Davis downplayed her Hollywood goals: promotional material from MGM in 1949 said that her "greatest ambition" was to have a "successful happy marriage"; decades later, in 1975, she would say, "I was never really a career woman but [became one] only because I hadn't found the man I wanted to marry. I couldn't sit around and do nothing, so I became an actress."<a href="#cite_note-cannon-gov-28">[28]</a> Ronald Reagan biographer <a href="/wiki/Lou_Cannon" title="Lou Cannon">Lou Cannon</a> nevertheless characterized her as a "reliable" and "solid" performer who held her own in performances with better-known actors.<a href="#cite_note-cannon-gov-28">[28]</a> After her final film, <a href="/wiki/Crash_Landing_(1958_film)" title="Crash Landing (1958 film)">Crash Landing</a> (1958), Davis appeared for a brief time as a guest star in television dramas, such as the <a href="/wiki/Dick_Powell%27s_Zane_Grey_Theatre" title="Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre">Zane Grey Theatre</a> episode "The Long Shadow" (1961), where she played opposite Ronald Reagan, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wagon_Train" title="Wagon Train">Wagon Train</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Tall_Man_(TV_series)" title="The Tall Man (TV series)">The Tall Man</a>, until she retired as an actress in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-The_Films_of_Nancy_Reagan-29">[29]</a> During her career, Davis served for nearly ten years on the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Decades later, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Brooks" title="Albert Brooks">Albert Brooks</a> attempted to coax her out of acting retirement by offering her the title role opposite himself in his 1996 film <a href="/wiki/Mother_(1996_film)" title="Mother (1996 film)">Mother</a>.<a href="#cite_note-peo012797-41">[41]</a> She declined in order to care for her husband, and Debbie Reynolds played the part.<a href="#cite_note-peo012797-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage and family">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan_Newlyweds.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan_Newlyweds.JPG/170px-Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan_Newlyweds.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan_Newlyweds.JPG/255px-Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan_Newlyweds.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan_Newlyweds.JPG/340px-Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan_Newlyweds.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2295" data-file-height="2938" /></a><figcaption>Newlyweds Ronald and Nancy Reagan, March 4, 1952</figcaption></figure> During her Hollywood career, Davis dated many actors, including <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stack" title="Robert Stack">Robert Stack</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lawford" title="Peter Lawford">Peter Lawford</a>;<a href="#cite_note-metzger-33-35">[35]</a> she later called Gable the nicest of the stars she had met.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lw-19">[19]</a> On November 15, 1949, she met Ronald Reagan,<a href="#cite_note-cannon-gov-77-42">[42]</a> who was then president of the Screen Actors Guild. She had noticed that her name had appeared on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">Hollywood blacklist</a>. Davis sought Reagan's help to maintain her employment as a guild actress in Hollywood and for assistance in having her name removed from the list.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lw-19">[19]</a> Ronald Reagan informed her that she had been confused with another actress of the same name.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lw-19">[19]</a> The two began dating and their relationship was the subject of many gossip columns; one Hollywood press account described their nightclub-free times together as "the romance of a couple who have no vices".<a href="#cite_note-cannon-gov-77-42">[42]</a> Ronald Reagan was skeptical about marriage, however, following his painful 1949 divorce from <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a>, and he still saw other women.<a href="#cite_note-cannon-gov-77-42">[42]</a> After three years of dating, they eventually decided to marry while discussing the issue in the couple's favorite booth at <a href="/wiki/Chasen%27s" title="Chasen's">Chasen's</a>, a restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cannon-gov-77-42">[42]</a> The couple wed on March 4, 1952, at the Little Brown Church in the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a> of Los Angeles, in a simple, hastily arranged ceremony designed to avoid the press; the marriage was her first and his second.<a href="#cite_note-Little_Brown_Church_in_the_Valley-43">[43]</a> The only people in attendance were fellow actor <a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a> (the best man) and his wife, actress <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Marshall" title="Brenda Marshall">Brenda Marshall</a> (the matron of honor).<a href="#cite_note-cannon-gov-77-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-First_Ladies:_Nancy_Reagan-44">[44]</a> Nancy was likely already pregnant; the couple's first child, Patricia Ann Reagan (later better known by her professional name, <a href="/wiki/Patti_Davis" title="Patti Davis">Patti Davis</a>), was born less than eight months later on October 21, 1952. Their son, Ronald Prescott Reagan (later better known as <a href="/wiki/Ron_Reagan" title="Ron Reagan">Ron Reagan</a>) was born six years later on May 20, 1958. Reagan also became stepmother to <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Reagan" title="Maureen Reagan">Maureen Reagan</a> (1941–2001) and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Reagan" title="Michael Reagan">Michael Reagan</a> (b. 1945), her husband's children from his marriage to Jane Wyman. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan_wedding_-_Holden_-_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Reagan_wedding_-_Holden_-_1952.jpg/220px-Reagan_wedding_-_Holden_-_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Reagan_wedding_-_Holden_-_1952.jpg/330px-Reagan_wedding_-_Holden_-_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Reagan_wedding_-_Holden_-_1952.jpg/440px-Reagan_wedding_-_Holden_-_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3858" data-file-height="3052" /></a><figcaption>Matron of honor <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Marshall" title="Brenda Marshall">Brenda Marshall</a> and best man <a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a>, sole guests at the Reagans' wedding, flank the newlywed couple</figcaption></figure> Observers described Nancy and Ronald's relationship as intimate.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> As president and first lady, the Reagans were reported to display their affection frequently, with one press secretary noting, "They never took each other for granted. They never stopped courting."<a href="#cite_note-Love_Story-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-By_Reagan's_Side,_but_her_own_person-47">[47]</a> Ronald often called Nancy "Mommy"; she called him "Ronnie".<a href="#cite_note-By_Reagan's_Side,_but_her_own_person-47">[47]</a> While the president was recuperating in the hospital after the 1981 assassination attempt, Nancy wrote in her diary, "Nothing can happen to my Ronnie. My life would be over."<a href="#cite_note-Beschloss,_Michael_p._284-48">[48]</a> In a letter to Nancy, Ronald wrote, "whatever I treasure and enjoy ... all would be without meaning if I didn't have you."<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Love_Story-49">[49]</a> In 1998, a few years after her husband had been given a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, Nancy told <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>, "Our relationship is very special. We were very much in love and still are. When I say my life began with Ronnie, well, it's true. It did. I can't imagine life without him."<a href="#cite_note-Love_Story-46">[46]</a> Nancy was known for the focused and attentive look, termed "the Gaze", that she fastened upon her husband during his speeches and appearances.<a href="#cite_note-Up_Next_for_Nancy_Reagan-50">[50]</a> President Reagan's death in June 2004 ended what <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> called "the greatest love affair in the history of the American Presidency".<a href="#cite_note-Love_Story-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_Governor_Ronald_Reagan,_Ron_Junior,_Mrs._Reagan,_and_Patti_Davis_-_NARA_-_198603.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Photograph_of_Governor_Ronald_Reagan%2C_Ron_Junior%2C_Mrs._Reagan%2C_and_Patti_Davis_-_NARA_-_198603.jpg/220px-Photograph_of_Governor_Ronald_Reagan%2C_Ron_Junior%2C_Mrs._Reagan%2C_and_Patti_Davis_-_NARA_-_198603.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Photograph_of_Governor_Ronald_Reagan%2C_Ron_Junior%2C_Mrs._Reagan%2C_and_Patti_Davis_-_NARA_-_198603.jpg/330px-Photograph_of_Governor_Ronald_Reagan%2C_Ron_Junior%2C_Mrs._Reagan%2C_and_Patti_Davis_-_NARA_-_198603.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Photograph_of_Governor_Ronald_Reagan%2C_Ron_Junior%2C_Mrs._Reagan%2C_and_Patti_Davis_-_NARA_-_198603.jpg/440px-Photograph_of_Governor_Ronald_Reagan%2C_Ron_Junior%2C_Mrs._Reagan%2C_and_Patti_Davis_-_NARA_-_198603.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2406" /></a><figcaption>The Reagan family, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1967</figcaption></figure> Nancy's relationship with her children was not always as close as the bond with her husband. She frequently quarreled with her children and her stepchildren. Her relationship with Patti was the most contentious; Patti flouted <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a>, rebelled against her parents by joining the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">nuclear freeze</a> movement, and authored many anti-Reagan books.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The nearly 20 years of family feuding left Patti very much estranged from both her mother and father.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Soon after her father's Alzheimer's disease was diagnosed, Patti and her mother reconciled and began to speak on a daily basis.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Nancy's disagreements with Michael were also public matters; in 1984, she was quoted as saying that the two were in an "estrangement right now". Michael responded that Nancy was trying to cover up for the fact she had not met his daughter, Ashley, who had been born nearly a year earlier.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> They too eventually made peace. Nancy was thought to be closest to her stepdaughter Maureen during the White House years, but each of the Reagan children experienced periods of estrangement from their parents.<a href="#cite_note-Love_Story-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Lady_of_California_(1967–1975)">First Lady of California (1967–1975)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First Lady of California (1967–1975)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan_as_First_Lady_of_California.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nancy_Reagan_as_First_Lady_of_California.jpg/170px-Nancy_Reagan_as_First_Lady_of_California.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Nancy_Reagan_as_First_Lady_of_California.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption>Reagan as the first lady of California</figcaption></figure> Nancy Reagan was First Lady of California during her husband's two terms as governor. She disliked living in the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>, which lacked the excitement, social life, and mild climate to which she was accustomed in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-can-gov-233-55">[55]</a> She first attracted controversy early in 1967; after four months' residence in the <a href="/wiki/Governor%27s_Mansion_State_Historic_Park" title="Governor's Mansion State Historic Park">California Governor's Mansion</a> in Sacramento, she moved her family into a wealthy suburb because fire officials had labelled the mansion as a "firetrap".<a href="#cite_note-nancy-135-56">[56]</a> Though the Reagans had leased the new house at their expense,<a href="#cite_note-can-gov-233-55">[55]</a> the move was viewed as snobbish when the matter was brought to the attention of the general public. Reagan defended her actions as being for the good of her family, a judgment with which her husband readily agreed.<a href="#cite_note-can-gov-233-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-nancy-135-56">[56]</a> Friends of the family later helped support the cost of the leased house, while Reagan supervised construction of a new <a href="/wiki/Ranch-style_house" title="Ranch-style house">ranch-style</a> governor's residence in nearby <a href="/wiki/Carmichael,_California" title="Carmichael, California">Carmichael</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt111904-57">[57]</a> The new residence was finished just as Ronald Reagan left office in 1975, but his successor, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a>, refused to live there. It was sold in 1982, and California governors lived in improvised arrangements until Brown moved into the Governor's Mansion in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-nyt111904-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In 1967, Governor Reagan appointed his wife to the <a href="/wiki/California_Arts_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="California Arts Commission">California Arts Commission</a>,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> and a year later she was named <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> <a href="/wiki/Times_Woman_of_the_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Woman of the Year">Woman of the Year</a>; in its profile, the Times labeled her "A Model First Lady".<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Her glamour, style, and youthfulness, made her a frequent subject for <a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">press photographers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fl-ca-61">[61]</a> As first lady, Reagan visited veterans, the elderly, and the disabled, and worked with a number of charities. She became involved with the <a href="/wiki/Foster_Grandparents_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Foster Grandparents Program">Foster Grandparents Program</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Foster_Grandparent's_Program-62">[62]</a> helping to popularize it in the United States and Australia.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> She later expanded her work with the organization after arriving in Washington,<a href="#cite_note-Foster_Grandparent's_Program-62">[62]</a> and wrote about her experiences in her 1982 book To Love a Child.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The Reagans held dinners for former <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> veterans while governor and first lady.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_1976_and_1980_presidential_campaigns">Role in 1976 and 1980 presidential campaigns</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Role in 1976 and 1980 presidential campaigns">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 United States presidential election</a> and <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 United States presidential election</a></div> Governor Reagan's gubernatorial time in office ended in 1975, and he did not run for a third term; instead, he met with advisors to discuss a possible bid for the <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a> presidency, challenging incumbent president <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>. Ronald still needed to convince a reluctant Nancy before running, however.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> She feared for her husband's health and his career as a whole, though she felt that he was the right man for the job and eventually approved.<a href="#cite_note-lpm64-67">[67]</a> Nancy took on a traditional role in the campaign, holding coffees, luncheons, and talks.<a href="#cite_note-lpm64-67">[67]</a> She also oversaw personnel, monitored her husband's schedule, and occasionally provided press conferences.<a href="#cite_note-Benze,_James_G.,_Jr._(2005),_p._33-68">[68]</a> The 1976 campaign included the so-called "battle of the queens", contrasting Nancy with First Lady <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a>. They both spoke out over the course of the campaign on similar issues, but with different approaches.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Nancy was upset by the warmonger image that the Ford campaign had drawn of her husband.<a href="#cite_note-lpm64-67">[67]</a> Though he lost the 1976 Republican nomination, Ronald Reagan ran for the presidency a second time in <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a>. He succeeded in winning the nomination and defeated incumbent rival <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> in a landslide. During this second campaign, Nancy played a prominent role, and her management of staff became more apparent.<a href="#cite_note-Benze,_James_G.,_Jr._(2005),_p._33-68">[68]</a> She organized a meeting among feuding campaign managers <a href="/wiki/John_Sears_(political_strategist)" title="John Sears (political strategist)">John Sears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Deaver" title="Michael Deaver">Michael Deaver</a> and her husband, which resulted in Deaver leaving the campaign and Sears being given full control. After the Reagan camp lost the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa Caucus</a> and fell behind in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire</a> polls, Nancy organized a second meeting and decided it was time to fire Sears and his associates; she gave Sears a copy of the press release announcing his dismissal.<a href="#cite_note-Benze,_James_G.,_Jr._(2005),_p._33-68">[68]</a> Her influence on her husband became particularly notable; her presence at rallies, luncheons, and receptions increased his confidence.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1981–1989)">First Lady of the United States (1981–1989)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First Lady of the United States (1981–1989)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_House_glamour">White House glamour</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: White House glamour">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Renovation">Renovation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Renovation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_waving_from_the_limousine_during_the_Inaugural_Parade_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_waving_from_the_limousine_during_the_Inaugural_Parade_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_waving_from_the_limousine_during_the_Inaugural_Parade_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_waving_from_the_limousine_during_the_Inaugural_Parade_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_waving_from_the_limousine_during_the_Inaugural_Parade_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_waving_from_the_limousine_during_the_Inaugural_Parade_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_waving_from_the_limousine_during_the_Inaugural_Parade_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>The new president and his wife wave to the crowd during the Inaugural Parade, January 20, 1981, the same day that 52 Americans held <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">hostage</a> by Iran for 444 days were set free</figcaption></figure> Reagan became the first lady of the United States when Ronald Reagan was <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="First inauguration of Ronald Reagan">inaugurated as president in January 1981</a>. Early in her husband's presidency, Reagan stated her desire to create a more suitable "first home" in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, as the building had fallen into a state of disrepair following years of neglect.<a href="#cite_note-NR_American-71">[71]</a> White House aide <a href="/wiki/Michael_Deaver" title="Michael Deaver">Michael Deaver</a> described the second and third-floor family residence as having "cracked plaster walls, chipped paint [and] beaten up floors";<a href="#cite_note-md78-72">[72]</a> Rather than use government funds to renovate and redecorate, she sought private donations.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> In 1981, Reagan directed a major renovation of several White House rooms, including all of the second and third floors<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and rooms adjacent to the Oval Office, including the <a href="/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room">press briefing room</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The renovation included repainting walls, refinishing floors, repairing fireplaces, and replacing antique pipes, windows, and wires.<a href="#cite_note-md78-72">[72]</a> The closet in the master bedroom was converted into a beauty parlor and dressing room, and the West bedroom was made into a small gymnasium.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The first lady secured the assistance of renowned interior designer Ted Graber, popular with affluent West Coast social figures, to redecorate the family living quarters.<a href="#cite_note-graber-77">[77]</a> A Chinese-pattern, handpainted wallpaper was added to the master bedroom.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Family furniture was placed in the president's private study.<a href="#cite_note-graber-77">[77]</a> The first lady and her designer retrieved several White House antiques, which had been in storage, and placed them throughout the mansion.<a href="#cite_note-graber-77">[77]</a> In addition, many of Reagan's collectibles were put out for display, including around twenty-five <a href="/wiki/Limoges_Box" title="Limoges Box">Limoges Boxes</a>, as well as some porcelain eggs and a collection of plates.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The extensive redecoration was paid for by private donations.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-graber-77">[77]</a> Many significant and long-lasting changes occurred as a result of the renovation and refurbishment, of which Reagan said, "This house belongs to all Americans, and I want it to be something of which they can be proud."<a href="#cite_note-graber-77">[77]</a> The renovations received some criticisms for being funded by tax-deductible donations, meaning some of it eventually did indirectly come from the tax-paying public.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fashion">Fashion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fashion">edit</a>]</div> Reagan's interest in fashion was another one of her trademarks. While her husband was still <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">president-elect</a>, press reports speculated about Reagan's social life and interest in fashion.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-stylenyt-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In many press accounts, Reagan's sense of style was favorably compared to that of a previous first lady, <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-burns-148-84">[84]</a> Friends and those close to her remarked that, while fashionable like Kennedy, she would be different from other first ladies; close friend Harriet Deutsch was quoted as saying, "Nancy has her own imprint."<a href="#cite_note-stylenyt-82">[82]</a> White House photographer <a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Fackelman-Miner" title="Mary Anne Fackelman-Miner">Mary Anne Fackelman-Miner</a>, who was assigned to Reagan, said of her, "She always photographed so easily and was at ease in front of the cameras."<a href="#cite_note-tate-85">[85]</a> Reagan's wardrobe consisted of dresses, gowns, and suits made by luxury designers, including <a href="/wiki/James_Galanos" title="James Galanos">James Galanos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Blass" title="Bill Blass">Bill Blass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta" title="Oscar de la Renta">Oscar de la Renta</a>. Her white, hand-beaded, one shoulder Galanos 1981 inaugural gown was estimated to cost $10,000,<a href="#cite_note-Nancy's_Closet-86">[86]</a> while the overall price of her inaugural wardrobe was said to cost $25,000.<a href="#cite_note-spbt-87">[87]</a> She favored the color red, calling it "a picker-upper", and wore it accordingly.<a href="#cite_note-Nancy's_Closet-86">[86]</a> Her wardrobe included red so often that the fire-engine shade became known as "Reagan red".<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> She employed two private hairdressers, who would style her hair on a regular basis in the White House.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan_in_the_Red_Room_during_a_photo_session_with_Vogue_Magazine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nancy_Reagan_in_the_Red_Room_during_a_photo_session_with_Vogue_Magazine.jpg/170px-Nancy_Reagan_in_the_Red_Room_during_a_photo_session_with_Vogue_Magazine.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nancy_Reagan_in_the_Red_Room_during_a_photo_session_with_Vogue_Magazine.jpg/255px-Nancy_Reagan_in_the_Red_Room_during_a_photo_session_with_Vogue_Magazine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nancy_Reagan_in_the_Red_Room_during_a_photo_session_with_Vogue_Magazine.jpg/340px-Nancy_Reagan_in_the_Red_Room_during_a_photo_session_with_Vogue_Magazine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Reagan models for <a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Room_(White_House)" title="Red Room (White House)">Red Room</a>, 1981</figcaption></figure> Fashion designers were pleased with the emphasis Reagan placed on clothing.<a href="#cite_note-spbt-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_(designer)" title="Adolfo (designer)">Adolfo</a> said the first lady embodied an "elegant, affluent, well-bred, chic American look",<a href="#cite_note-spbt-87">[87]</a> while Bill Blass commented, "I don't think there's been anyone in the White House since Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis who has her flair."<a href="#cite_note-spbt-87">[87]</a> William Fine, president of cosmetic company Frances Denney, noted that she "stays in style, but she doesn't become trendy."<a href="#cite_note-spbt-87">[87]</a> Though her elegant fashions and wardrobe were hailed as a "glamorous paragon of chic",<a href="#cite_note-spbt-87">[87]</a> they were also controversial subjects. In 1982, she revealed that she had accepted thousands of dollars in clothing, jewelry, and other gifts, but defended her actions by stating that she had borrowed the clothes and that they would either be returned or donated to museums,<a href="#cite_note-Nancy's_Closet-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> and that she was promoting the American fashion industry.<a href="#cite_note-nyt021782-91">[91]</a> Facing criticism, she soon said she would no longer accept such loans.<a href="#cite_note-nyt021782-91">[91]</a> While often buying her clothes, she continued to borrow and sometimes keep designer clothes throughout her time as first lady, which came to light in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-time102488-92">[92]</a> None of this had been included on financial disclosure forms;<a href="#cite_note-time102488-92">[92]</a> the non-reporting of loans under $10,000 in liability was in violation of a voluntary agreement the White House had made in 1982, while not reporting more valuable loans or clothes not returned was a possible violation of the <a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_Government_Act" title="Ethics in Government Act">Ethics in Government Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-time102488-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo120589-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt101888-94">[94]</a> Reagan expressed through her press secretary "regrets that she failed to heed counsel's advice" on disclosing them.<a href="#cite_note-nyt101888-94">[94]</a> Despite the controversy, many designers who allowed her to borrow clothing, noted that the arrangement was good for their businesses,<a href="#cite_note-time102488-92">[92]</a> as well as for the American fashion industry overall.<a href="#cite_note-bg101988-95">[95]</a> In 1989, Reagan was honored at the annual gala awards dinner of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America" title="Council of Fashion Designers of America">Council of Fashion Designers of America</a>, during which she received the council's lifetime achievement award.<a href="#cite_note-honorednyt-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Walters" title="Barbara Walters">Barbara Walters</a> said of her, "She has served every day for eight long years the word 'style.'"<a href="#cite_note-honorednyt-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Extravagance">Extravagance</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Extravagance">edit</a>]</div> Approximately a year into her husband's first term, Nancy explored the idea of ordering new <a href="/wiki/White_House_china" title="White House china">state china service</a> for the White House.<a href="#cite_note-apchina-97">[97]</a> A full china service had not been purchased since the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman administration</a> in the 1940s, as only a partial service was ordered in the <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> administration.<a href="#cite_note-apchina-97">[97]</a> She was quoted as saying, "The White House really badly, badly needs china."<a href="#cite_note-apchina-97">[97]</a> Working with <a href="/wiki/Lenox_(company)" title="Lenox (company)">Lenox</a>, the primary porcelain manufacturer in America, the first lady chose a design scheme of a red with etched gold band, bordering the scarlet and cream colored ivory plates with a raised presidential seal etched in gold in the center.<a href="#cite_note-apchina-97">[97]</a> The full service comprised 4,370 pieces, with 19 pieces per individual set.<a href="#cite_note-apchina-97">[97]</a> The service totaled $209,508.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Although it was paid for by private donations, some from the private <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Knapp" title="Joseph P. Knapp">J. P. Knapp Foundation</a>, the purchase generated quite a controversy, for it was ordered at a time when the nation was undergoing an <a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession" title="Early 1980s recession">economic recession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Furthermore, news of the china purchase emerged at the same time that her husband's administration had proposed school lunch regulations that would allow <a href="/wiki/Ketchup_as_a_vegetable" title="Ketchup as a vegetable">ketchup to be counted as a vegetable</a>.<a href="#cite_note-time-2016-100">[100]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg/220px-Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg/330px-Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg/440px-Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>President Reagan, First Lady Nancy Reagan and former first lady <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a> at a fundraiser for the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Presidential Library">Kennedy Presidential Library</a>, 1985</figcaption></figure> The new china set, White House renovations, expensive clothing, and her attendance at the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Charles_and_Lady_Diana_Spencer" title="Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer">wedding of Charles and Diana, Prince and Princess of Wales</a>,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> gave her an aura of being "out of touch" with the American people during the recession.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> This built upon the reputation she had coming to Washington, wherein many people concluded that Reagan was a vain and shallow woman,<a href="#cite_note-time-2016-100">[100]</a> and her taste for splendor inspired the derogatory nickname "Queen Nancy".<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> While Jacqueline Kennedy had also faced some press criticism for her spending habits, Reagan's treatment was much more consistent and negative.<a href="#cite_note-burns-148-84">[84]</a> In an attempt to deflect the criticism, she self-deprecatingly donned a <a href="/wiki/Baglady" class="mw-redirect" title="Baglady">baglady</a> costume at the <a href="/wiki/Gridiron_Club" title="Gridiron Club">1982 Gridiron Dinner</a> and sang "Second-Hand Clothes", mimicking the song "Second-Hand Rose".<a href="#cite_note-Husband's_Past_will_shape_Nancy_Reagan's_future-102">[102]</a> The skit helped to restore her reputation.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Reagan reflected on the criticisms in her 1989 autobiography, <a href="/wiki/My_Turn_(memoir)" title="My Turn (memoir)">My Turn</a>. She described lunching with former <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Robert S. Strauss</a>, wherein Strauss said to her, "When you first came to town, Nancy, I didn't like you at all. But after I got to know you, I changed my mind and said, 'She's some broad!'" Reagan responded, "Bob, based on the press reports I read then, I wouldn't have liked me either!"<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_HW_Bush,_Nancy_Reagan,_Raisa_Gorbachova_1987-12-08_C44086-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_HW_Bush%2C_Nancy_Reagan%2C_Raisa_Gorbachova_1987-12-08_C44086-07.jpg/220px-George_HW_Bush%2C_Nancy_Reagan%2C_Raisa_Gorbachova_1987-12-08_C44086-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_HW_Bush%2C_Nancy_Reagan%2C_Raisa_Gorbachova_1987-12-08_C44086-07.jpg/330px-George_HW_Bush%2C_Nancy_Reagan%2C_Raisa_Gorbachova_1987-12-08_C44086-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_HW_Bush%2C_Nancy_Reagan%2C_Raisa_Gorbachova_1987-12-08_C44086-07.jpg/440px-George_HW_Bush%2C_Nancy_Reagan%2C_Raisa_Gorbachova_1987-12-08_C44086-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2492" data-file-height="1748" /></a><figcaption>Vice President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, Reagan, and <a href="/wiki/Raisa_Gorbacheva" title="Raisa Gorbacheva">Raisa Gorbacheva</a> (spouse of <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>) in Washington, D.C., 1987</figcaption></figure> After the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (who dramatically reduced the formality of presidential functions), Reagan brought a <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>-esque glamour back into the White House.<a href="#cite_note-Nancy's_Closet-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> She hosted 56 <a href="/wiki/State_dinner" class="mw-redirect" title="State dinner">state dinners</a> over eight years.<a href="#cite_note-dinners-106">[106]</a> She remarked that hosting the dinners is "the easiest thing in the world. You don't have to do anything. Just have a good time and do a little business. And that's the way Washington works."<a href="#cite_note-dinners-106">[106]</a> The White House residence staff found Reagan demanding to work for during the preparation for the state dinners, with the first lady overseeing every aspect of meal presentations, and sometimes requesting one dessert after another be prepared, before finally settling on one she approved of.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In general, the First Lady's desire for everything to appear just right in the White House led the residence staff to consider her not easy to work for, with tirades following what she perceived as mistakes.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> One staffer later recalled, "I remember hearing her call for her personal maid one day and it scared the dickens out of me—just her tone. I never wanted to be on the wrong side of her."<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> She did show loyalty and respect to a number of the staff.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In particular, she came to the public defense of a maid who was indicted on charges of helping to smuggle ammunition to Paraguay, providing an affidavit to the maid's good character (even though it was politically inopportune to do so at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a>); charges were subsequently dropped, and the maid returned to work at the White House.<a href="#cite_note-upi-maid-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In 1987, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> became the first Soviet leader to visit Washington, D.C., since <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> made the trip in 1959 at the height of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. Nancy was in charge of planning and hosting the important and highly anticipated state dinner, with the goal to impress both the Soviet leader and especially his wife <a href="/wiki/Raisa_Gorbacheva" title="Raisa Gorbacheva">Raisa Gorbacheva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sj165-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> After the meal, she recruited pianist <a href="/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn</a> to play a rendition of "<a href="/wiki/Moscow_Nights" title="Moscow Nights">Moscow Nights</a>" for the Soviet delegation, to which Mikhail and Raisa broke out into song.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/George_P._Shultz" class="mw-redirect" title="George P. Shultz">George P. Shultz</a> later commented on the evening, saying "We felt the ice of the Cold War crumbling."<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Reagan concluded, "It was a perfect ending for one of the great evenings of my husband's presidency."<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Just_Say_No">Just Say No</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Just Say No">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Just_Say_No" title="Just Say No">Just Say No</a></div> With the help of her Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/James_Rosebush" title="James Rosebush">James Rosebush</a>, the first lady launched the "Just Say No" drug awareness campaign in 1982, which was her primary project and major initiative as first lady.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> Reagan first became aware of the need to educate young people about drugs during a 1980 campaign stop in <a href="/wiki/Daytop" title="Daytop">Daytop</a> village, New York.<a href="#cite_note-Just_Say_No-118">[118]</a> She remarked in 1981 that "Understanding what drugs can do to your children, understanding peer pressure and understanding why they turn to drugs is ... the first step in solving the problem."<a href="#cite_note-Just_Say_No-118">[118]</a> Her campaign focused on drug education and informing the youth of the danger of drug abuse.<a href="#cite_note-Just_Say_No-118">[118]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan_Speaking_at_a_%22Just_Say_No%22_Rally_in_Los_Angeles_California.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Nancy_Reagan_Speaking_at_a_%22Just_Say_No%22_Rally_in_Los_Angeles_California.jpg/170px-Nancy_Reagan_Speaking_at_a_%22Just_Say_No%22_Rally_in_Los_Angeles_California.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Nancy_Reagan_Speaking_at_a_%22Just_Say_No%22_Rally_in_Los_Angeles_California.jpg/255px-Nancy_Reagan_Speaking_at_a_%22Just_Say_No%22_Rally_in_Los_Angeles_California.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Nancy_Reagan_Speaking_at_a_%22Just_Say_No%22_Rally_in_Los_Angeles_California.jpg/340px-Nancy_Reagan_Speaking_at_a_%22Just_Say_No%22_Rally_in_Los_Angeles_California.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2663" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Reagan gives a speech at a "<a href="/wiki/Just_Say_No" title="Just Say No">Just Say No</a>" to drugs rally in Los Angeles, 1987</figcaption></figure> In 1982, Reagan was asked by a schoolgirl what to do when offered <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">drugs</a>; Reagan responded: "Just say no."<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The phrase proliferated in the popular culture of the 1980s, and was eventually adopted as the name of club organizations and school anti-drug programs.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> Reagan became actively involved by traveling more than 250,000 miles (400,000 km) throughout the United States and several nations, visiting drug abuse prevention programs and <a href="/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" title="Drug rehabilitation">drug rehabilitation</a> centers. She also appeared on television talk shows, recorded public service announcements, and wrote guest articles.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> She appeared in an episode of the sitcom <a href="/wiki/Diff%27rent_Strokes" title="Diff'rent Strokes">Diff'rent Strokes</a> to underscore support for the "Just Say No" campaign, and in a rock music video, "<a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Madness" title="Stop the Madness">Stop the Madness</a>" (1985).<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In 1985, Reagan expanded the campaign to an international level by inviting the <a href="/wiki/First_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady">First Ladies</a> of various nations to the White House for a conference on drug abuse.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> On October 27, 1986, President Reagan signed a drug enforcement bill into law, which granted $1.7 billion in funding to fight the perceived crisis and ensured a <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_sentencing" title="Mandatory sentencing">mandatory minimum penalty</a> for <a href="/wiki/Drug-related_crime" title="Drug-related crime">drug offenses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PBS_Frontline-122">[122]</a> Although the bill was criticized, Reagan considered it a personal victory.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> In 1988, she became the first active first lady invited to address the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, where she spoke on international drug interdiction and trafficking laws.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NREAGANDRUG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/NREAGANDRUG.jpg/220px-NREAGANDRUG.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/NREAGANDRUG.jpg/330px-NREAGANDRUG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/NREAGANDRUG.jpg/440px-NREAGANDRUG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2679" /></a><figcaption>Reagan hosting the first White House Ladies Conference on Drug Abuse, 1985</figcaption></figure> Critics of Reagan's efforts questioned their purpose,<a href="#cite_note-critics_of_just_say_no-123">[123]</a> labelled Reagan's approach to promoting drug awareness as simplistic,<a href="#cite_note-NR_American-71">[71]</a> and argued that the program did not give adequate attention to various social issues associated with increased rates of drug use, including unemployment, poverty, and family dissolution.<a href="#cite_note-critics_of_just_say_no-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Her_husband's_protector">Her husband's protector</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Her husband's protector">edit</a>]</div> Reagan assumed the role of unofficial "protector" for her husband after the <a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan">attempted assassination of him</a> in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> On March 30 of that year, President Reagan and three others were shot by the attempted assassin 25-year old <a href="/wiki/John_Hinckley,_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hinckley, Jr">John Hinckley, Jr</a> as they left the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Hilton" title="Washington Hilton">Washington Hilton</a> hotel. Nancy was alerted and arrived at <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University_Hospital" title="George Washington University Hospital">George Washington University Hospital</a>, where the President was hospitalized. She recalled having seen "emergency rooms before, but I had never seen one like this – with my husband in it."<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> She was escorted into a waiting room, and when granted access to see her husband, he quipped to her, "Honey, I forgot to duck", borrowing the defeated boxer <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dempsey" title="Jack Dempsey">Jack Dempsey</a>'s jest to his wife.<a href="#cite_note-NoonanPBS-126">[126]</a> An early example of the first lady's protective nature occurred when Senator <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> entered the president's hospital room that day in March, passing the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a> detail by claiming he was the President's "close friend", presumably to acquire media attention.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Nancy was outraged and demanded that he leave.<a href="#cite_note-Beschloss,_Michael_p._284-48">[48]</a> While the President recuperated in the hospital, the first lady slept with one of his shirts to be comforted by the scent.<a href="#cite_note-Beschloss,_Michael_p._284-48">[48]</a> When Ronald Reagan was released from the hospital on April 12, she escorted him back to the White House. Press accounts <a href="/wiki/Framing_(social_sciences)" title="Framing (social sciences)">framed</a> Reagan as her husband's "chief protector", an extension of their general initial framing of her as a helpmate and a Cold War domestic ideal.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> As it happened, the day after her husband was shot, she fell off a chair while trying to take down a picture to bring to him in the hospital; she suffered several broken ribs, but was determined to not reveal it publicly.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astrological_consultations">Astrological consultations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Astrological consultations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_Being_Sworn_in_for_a_Second_Term_by_Chief_Justice_Warren_Burger_as_Nancy_Reagan_Observes_during_the_Private_Ceremony_at_the_White_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/President_Ronald_Reagan_Being_Sworn_in_for_a_Second_Term_by_Chief_Justice_Warren_Burger_as_Nancy_Reagan_Observes_during_the_Private_Ceremony_at_the_White_House.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/President_Ronald_Reagan_Being_Sworn_in_for_a_Second_Term_by_Chief_Justice_Warren_Burger_as_Nancy_Reagan_Observes_during_the_Private_Ceremony_at_the_White_House.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/President_Ronald_Reagan_Being_Sworn_in_for_a_Second_Term_by_Chief_Justice_Warren_Burger_as_Nancy_Reagan_Observes_during_the_Private_Ceremony_at_the_White_House.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1982" /></a><figcaption>"The Gaze": Reagan watches as her husband is sworn in for a second term by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Warren Burger</a>, on January 20, 1985</figcaption></figure> During the Reagan administration, Nancy Reagan consulted a San Francisco <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrologer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Quigley" title="Joan Quigley">Joan Quigley</a>, who provided advice on which days and times would be optimal for the president's safety and success.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ivins,_Molly-130">[130]</a> Quigley began her work at the White House after the assassination attempt on President Reagan in 1981. Nancy Reagan was told by Merv Griffin that Quigley had predicted that day would be dangerous for President Reagan, causing her to become a regular astrological consultant for the administration.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Quigley previously worked on the Reagan campaign prior to serving as their astrological consultant. She volunteered for their campaign in 1980, as she was impressed by his astrological chart. Private lines were set up in the White House and Camp David to assist in phone calls between Nancy Reagan and Joan Quigley, which occurred multiple times a day, and she was paid $3,000 a month for her work.<a href="#cite_note-:0-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House chief of staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Regan" title="Donald Regan">Donald Regan</a> grew frustrated with this regimen, which created friction between him and the first lady. This friction escalated with the revelation of the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a>, an administration scandal, in which the first lady felt Regan was damaging the president.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> She thought he should resign, and expressed this to her husband, although he did not share her view. Regan wanted President Reagan to address the Iran-Contra matter in early 1987 by means of a press conference, though the first lady refused to allow her husband to overexert himself due to a recent prostate surgery and astrological warnings.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> She became so angry with Regan that he hung up on her during a 1987 telephone conversation. According to the recollections of <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> correspondent <a href="/wiki/Sam_Donaldson" title="Sam Donaldson">Sam Donaldson</a>, when the President heard of this treatment, he demanded—and eventually received—Regan's resignation.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Vice President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> is also reported to have suggested to her to have Regan fired.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In his 1988 memoir, For the Record: From Wall Street to Washington, Regan wrote the following about Nancy Reagan's consultations with an astrologer: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Virtually every major move and decision the Reagans made during my time as White House Chief of Staff was cleared in advance with a woman in San Francisco [Quigley] who drew up horoscopes to make certain that the planets were in a favorable alignment for the enterprise.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-peopleast-138">[138]</a></blockquote> Donald Regan's memoir went on to cause political discourse, as well as scrutiny of the astrological community, as he exposed the "most closely guarded secret" of the Reagan administration. Although he did not know Quigley's name at the time, he wrote extensively on her role in the White House.<a href="#cite_note-:0-132">[132]</a> Regan further claimed that Quigley selected the date of the 1985 Geneva Summit. For her part, Quigley stated in 1998 that she had "'absolutely nothing'" to do with arranging the summit and added that others were "'overemphasizing'" her role;<a href="#cite_note-peopleast-138">[138]</a> however, in 1990, she released a book in which she asserted that she was "in charge" of the President's scheduling during the Reagan administration.<a href="#cite_note-Ivins,_Molly-130">[130]</a> Reagan acknowledged in her memoirs that she altered the President's schedule without his knowledge based on astrological advice, but argues that "no political decision was ever based [on astrology]".<a href="#cite_note-times-139">[139]</a> She added, "Astrology was simply one of the ways I coped with the fear I felt after my husband almost died ... Was astrology one of the reasons [further attempts did not occur]? I don't really believe it was, but I don't really believe it wasn't."<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagans_talking_in_Oval_Office_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Reagans_talking_in_Oval_Office_cropped.jpg/170px-Reagans_talking_in_Oval_Office_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Reagans_talking_in_Oval_Office_cropped.jpg/255px-Reagans_talking_in_Oval_Office_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Reagans_talking_in_Oval_Office_cropped.jpg/340px-Reagans_talking_in_Oval_Office_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Nancy and Ronald Reagan together in the Oval Office, 1985</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_in_the_White_House">Influence in the White House</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Influence in the White House">edit</a>]</div> Nancy Reagan wielded a powerful influence over President Reagan.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Nancy's_image-141">[141]</a> In her memoirs, Reagan stated, "I felt panicky every time [Ronald Reagan] left the White House".<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Following the assassination attempt, she strictly controlled access to the president;<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Nancy's_image-141">[141]</a> occasionally, she even attempted to influence her husband's decision making.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Beginning in 1985, she strongly encouraged her husband to hold "summit" conferences with Soviet general secretary <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, and suggested they form a personal relationship beforehand.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> Both Ronald Reagan and Gorbachev had developed a productive relationship through their summit negotiations. The relationship between Nancy Reagan and <a href="/wiki/Raisa_Gorbacheva" title="Raisa Gorbacheva">Raisa Gorbacheva</a> was anything but the friendly, diplomatic one between their husbands; Reagan found Gorbacheva hard to converse with and their relationship was described as "frosty".<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The two women usually had tea and discussed differences between the USSR and the United States. Visiting the United States for the first time in 1987, Gorbacheva irked Reagan with lectures on subjects ranging from architecture to socialism, reportedly prompting the American president's wife to quip, "Who does that dame think she is?"<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Press framing of Reagan changed from that of just helpmate and protector to someone with hidden power.<a href="#cite_note-burns-power-146">[146]</a> As the image of her as a political interloper grew, she sought to explicitly deny that she was the <a href="/wiki/Power_behind_the_throne" title="Power behind the throne">power behind the throne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-burns-power-146">[146]</a> At the end of her time as First Lady, however, she said that her husband had not been well-served by his staff.<a href="#cite_note-burns-power-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-reut111388-147">[147]</a> She acknowledged her role in reaction in influencing him on personnel decisions, saying "In no way do I apologize for it."<a href="#cite_note-reut111388-147">[147]</a> She wrote in her memoirs, "I don't think I was as bad, or as extreme in my power or my weakness, as I was depicted,"<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> but went on, "However the first lady fits in, she has a unique and important role to play in looking after her husband. And it's only natural that she'll let him know what she thinks. I always did that for Ronnie, and I always will."<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Her chief of staff <a href="/wiki/James_Rosebush" title="James Rosebush">James Rosebush</a>'s 1988 book First Lady, Public Wife explored the role of the First Lady as a demanding and rigorous job. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breast_cancer">Breast cancer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Breast cancer">edit</a>]</div> In October 1987, a <a href="/wiki/Mammography" title="Mammography">mammogram</a> detected a lesion in Reagan's left breast and she was subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer. She chose to undergo a <a href="/wiki/Mastectomy" title="Mastectomy">mastectomy</a> rather than a <a href="/wiki/Lumpectomy" title="Lumpectomy">lumpectomy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> and the breast was removed on October 17, 1987. Ten days after the operation, her 99-year-old mother, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Luckett_Davis" title="Edith Luckett Davis">Edith Luckett Davis</a>, died in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>, leading Reagan to dub the period "a terrible month".<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> After the surgery, more women across the country had mammograms, which exemplified the influence that the first lady possessed.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Later life">edit</a>]</div> Though Reagan was a controversial first lady, 56 percent of Americans had a favorable opinion of her when her husband left office on January 20, 1989, with 18 percent having an unfavorable opinion, and the balance not giving an opinion.<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_Reagan's_poll_numbers-153">[153]</a> Compared to fellow first ladies when their husbands left office, Reagan's approval was higher than those of <a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a>. However, she was less popular than <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a>, and her disapproval rating was double that of Carter's.<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_Reagan's_poll_numbers-153">[153]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan_official_White_House_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nancy_Reagan_official_White_House_portrait.jpg/170px-Nancy_Reagan_official_White_House_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nancy_Reagan_official_White_House_portrait.jpg/255px-Nancy_Reagan_official_White_House_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nancy_Reagan_official_White_House_portrait.jpg/340px-Nancy_Reagan_official_White_House_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1931" /></a><figcaption>Reagan's official White House portrait by <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Shikler" title="Aaron Shikler">Aaron Shikler</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vermeil_Room" title="Vermeil Room">Vermeil Room</a> </figcaption></figure> Upon leaving the White House, the couple returned to California, where wealthy friends purchased them a home at <a href="/wiki/668_St._Cloud_Road" title="668 St. Cloud Road">668 St. Cloud Road</a> in the wealthy <a href="/wiki/East_Gate_Bel_Air,_Los_Angeles" title="East Gate Bel Air, Los Angeles">East Gate Old Bel Air</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Bel_Air,_Los_Angeles" title="Bel Air, Los Angeles">Bel Air, Los Angeles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> dividing their time between Bel Air and the <a href="/wiki/Rancho_del_Cielo" title="Rancho del Cielo">Reagan Ranch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>, California. Ronald and Nancy regularly attended the <a href="/wiki/Bel_Air_Church" title="Bel Air Church">Bel Air Church</a> as well.<a href="#cite_note-Agenting_for_God-156">[156]</a> After leaving Washington, Reagan made numerous public appearances, many on behalf of her husband. She continued to reside at the Bel Air home, where she lived with her husband until he died on June 5, 2004.<a href="#cite_note-CNNHealth-157">[157]</a> Reagan's <a href="/wiki/Official_White_House_portraits_of_Nancy_and_Ronald_Reagan" title="Official White House portraits of Nancy and Ronald Reagan">official White House portrait</a> was painted by <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Shikler" title="Aaron Shikler">Aaron Shikler</a> and unveiled at the White House in 1989. It depicts her in a red dress standing against the doors of the <a href="/wiki/State_Dining_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="State Dining Room">State Dining Room</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHHA-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_post–White_House_activities">Early post–White House activities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Early post–White House activities">edit</a>]</div> In late 1989, the former first lady established the Nancy Reagan Foundation, which aimed to continue to educate people about the dangers of substance abuse.<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_Reagan-159">[159]</a> The Foundation teamed with the BEST Foundation For A Drug-Free Tomorrow in 1994, and developed the Nancy Reagan Afterschool Program. She continued to travel around the United States, speaking out against drug and alcohol abuse. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Ronnie's long journey has finally taken him to a distant place where I can no longer reach him. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Nancy Reagan (May 2004)<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Nancy's_image-141">[141]</a></cite></div> </div> Her memoirs, <a href="/wiki/My_Turn_(memoir)" title="My Turn (memoir)">My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan</a> (1989), are an account of her life in the White House, commenting openly about her influence within the Reagan administration, and discussing the myths and controversies that surrounded the couple.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> In 1991, the author <a href="/wiki/Kitty_Kelley" title="Kitty Kelley">Kitty Kelley</a> wrote an unauthorized and largely uncited biography about Reagan, repeating accounts of a poor relationship with her children, and introducing rumors of alleged sexual relations with singer <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>. A wide range of sources commented that Kelley's largely unsupported claims are most likely false.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/IRS" class="mw-redirect" title="IRS">IRS</a> (Internal Revenue Service) began investigating the Reagans over allegations they owed additional tax on the gifts and loans of high-fashion clothes and jewellery to the first lady during their time in the White House<a href="#cite_note-nyt120689-165">[165]</a> (recipients benefiting from the display of such items recognize taxable income even if they are returned).<a href="#cite_note-nyt120689-165">[165]</a> In 1992, the IRS determined the Reagans had failed to include some $3 million worth of fashion items between 1983 and 1988 on their tax returns;<a href="#cite_note-irs-166">[166]</a> they were billed for a large amount of back taxes and interest, which was subsequently paid.<a href="#cite_note-irs-166">[166]</a> After President Reagan revealed that he had been diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a> in 1994, she made herself his primary caregiver, and became actively involved with the National Alzheimer's Association and its affiliate, the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan_Research_Institute" title="Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute">Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute</a> in Chicago, Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">[13]</a> In April 1997, Nancy Reagan joined President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> and former Presidents Ford and Bush in signing the Summit Declaration of Commitment in advocating for participation by private citizens in solving domestic issues within the United States.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Nancy Reagan was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>, the nation's highest civilian honor, by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> on July 9, 2002.<a href="#cite_note-President_Bush_Honors_Recipients_of_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_Award-168">[168]</a> President Reagan received his own Presidential Medal of Freedom in January 1993. Reagan and her husband were jointly awarded the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> on May 16, 2002, at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> building, and were only the third president and first lady to receive it; she accepted the medal on behalf of both of them.<a href="#cite_note-Congressional_Gold_Medal_History-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funeral_for_Ronald_Reagan">Funeral for Ronald Reagan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Funeral for Ronald Reagan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan_says_final_goodbyes_to_RR_June_11,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nancy_Reagan_says_final_goodbyes_to_RR_June_11%2C_2004.jpg/170px-Nancy_Reagan_says_final_goodbyes_to_RR_June_11%2C_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nancy_Reagan_says_final_goodbyes_to_RR_June_11%2C_2004.jpg/255px-Nancy_Reagan_says_final_goodbyes_to_RR_June_11%2C_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nancy_Reagan_says_final_goodbyes_to_RR_June_11%2C_2004.jpg/340px-Nancy_Reagan_says_final_goodbyes_to_RR_June_11%2C_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Reagan says her last goodbye to Ronald Reagan following a <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">week-long state funeral</a>, 2004</figcaption></figure> Ronald Reagan died in their Bel Air home on June 5, 2004.<a href="#cite_note-CNNHealth-157">[157]</a> During the seven-day <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">state funeral</a>, Nancy, accompanied by her children and military escort, led the nation in mourning.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> She kept a strong composure,<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_funeral_role-171">[171]</a> traveling from her home to the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Library">Reagan Library</a> for a memorial service, then to Washington, D.C., where her husband's body <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lay in state</a> for 34 hours prior to a national funeral service in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> She returned to the library in <a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Simi Valley">Simi Valley</a> for a sunset memorial service and interment, where, overcome with emotion, she lost her composure and cried in public for the first time during the week.<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_funeral_role-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> After receiving the folded flag, she kissed the casket and mouthed "I love you" before leaving.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> During the week, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> journalist <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Blitzer" title="Wolf Blitzer">Wolf Blitzer</a> said, "She's a very, very strong woman, even though she looks frail."<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> She had directed the detailed planning of the funeral,<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_funeral_role-171">[171]</a> which included scheduling all the major events and asking former President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, as well as former British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, former Soviet Union Leader <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, and former Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a> to speak during the National Cathedral Service.<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_funeral_role-171">[171]</a> She paid very close attention to the details, something she had always done in her husband's life. <a href="/wiki/Betsy_Bloomingdale" title="Betsy Bloomingdale">Betsy Bloomingdale</a>, one of Reagan's closest friends, stated, "She looks a little frail. But she is very strong inside. She is. She has the strength. She is doing her last thing for Ronnie. And she is going to get it right."<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_funeral_role-171">[171]</a> The funeral marked her first major public appearance since she delivered a speech to the <a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_National_Convention" title="1996 Republican National Convention">1996 Republican National Convention</a> on her husband's behalf.<a href="#cite_note-Nancy_funeral_role-171">[171]</a> The funeral had a great impact on her public image. Following substantial criticism during her tenure as first lady, she was seen somewhat as a national heroine, praised by many for supporting and caring for her husband while he suffered from Alzheimer's disease.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Nancy's_image-141">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> opined, "after a decade in the shadows, a different, softer Nancy Reagan emerged."<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Widowhood">Widowhood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Widowhood">edit</a>]</div> Following her husband's death, Reagan remained active in politics, particularly relating to <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cell</a> research. Beginning in 2004, she favored what many consider to be the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party's</a> position, and urged President George W. Bush to support federally funded embryonic stem cell research, in the hope that this science could lead to a cure for Alzheimer's disease.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Although she failed to change the president's position, she did support his campaign for a second term.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Bush,_Laura_Bush_and_Nancy_Reagan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/President_Bush%2C_Laura_Bush_and_Nancy_Reagan.jpg/220px-President_Bush%2C_Laura_Bush_and_Nancy_Reagan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/President_Bush%2C_Laura_Bush_and_Nancy_Reagan.jpg/330px-President_Bush%2C_Laura_Bush_and_Nancy_Reagan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/President_Bush%2C_Laura_Bush_and_Nancy_Reagan.jpg/440px-President_Bush%2C_Laura_Bush_and_Nancy_Reagan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption>Reagan dedicates the Air Force One Pavilion at the Reagan Library as President Bush and his wife Laura look on, October 2005</figcaption></figure> In 2005, Reagan was honored at a gala dinner at the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Building_and_International_Trade_Center" title="Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center">Ronald Reagan Building</a> in Washington, D.C., where guests included <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dinner-wapo-179">[179]</a> In 2007, she attended the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford">national funeral service for Gerald Ford</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</a>. Reagan hosted <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential debates and forums, 2008">two 2008 Republican presidential debates</a> at the Reagan Presidential Library, the first in May 2007 and the second in January 2008.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> On March 25, she formally endorsed Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, then the presumptive Republican party nominee for president, but McCain would go on to lose the election to Barack Obama.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Reagan attended the funeral of <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a> in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, Texas, on July 14, 2007,<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Library_Debate-184">[184]</a> and three days later accepted the highest Polish distinction, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Poland)" title="Order of the White Eagle (Poland)">Order of the White Eagle</a>, on behalf of Ronald Reagan at the Reagan Library. The Reagan Library opened the temporary exhibit "Nancy Reagan: A First Lady's Style", which displayed over eighty designer dresses belonging to her.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_07_15_do_18_kaczynski_USA_28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2007_07_15_do_18_kaczynski_USA_28.jpg/220px-2007_07_15_do_18_kaczynski_USA_28.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2007_07_15_do_18_kaczynski_USA_28.jpg/330px-2007_07_15_do_18_kaczynski_USA_28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2007_07_15_do_18_kaczynski_USA_28.jpg/440px-2007_07_15_do_18_kaczynski_USA_28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Reagan accepts the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Poland)" title="Order of the White Eagle (Poland)">Order of the White Eagle</a> from Polish President <a href="/wiki/Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Lech Kaczyński">Lech Kaczyński</a> on behalf of Ronald Reagan, July 15, 2007</figcaption></figure> Reagan's health and well-being became a prominent concern in 2008. In February, she suffered a fall at her Bel Air home and was taken to <a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Health_Center" title="Saint John's Health Center">Saint John's Health Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>. Doctors reported that she did not break her hip as feared, and she was released from the hospital two days later.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> News commentators noted that Reagan's step had slowed significantly, as the following month she walked in very slow strides with John McCain.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc_fall-188">[188]</a> In October 2008, Reagan was admitted to <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_UCLA_Medical_Center" title="Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center">Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center</a> after falling at home. Doctors determined that the 87-year-old had fractured her <a href="/wiki/Human_pelvis" class="mw-redirect" title="Human pelvis">pelvis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacrum</a>, and could recuperate at home with a regimen of <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> As a result of her mishap, medical articles were published containing information on how to prevent falls.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> In January 2009, Reagan was said to be "improving every day and starting to get out more and more".<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan_with_Michelle_Obama_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nancy_Reagan_with_Michelle_Obama_cropped.jpg/170px-Nancy_Reagan_with_Michelle_Obama_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nancy_Reagan_with_Michelle_Obama_cropped.jpg/255px-Nancy_Reagan_with_Michelle_Obama_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nancy_Reagan_with_Michelle_Obama_cropped.jpg/340px-Nancy_Reagan_with_Michelle_Obama_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2082" /></a><figcaption>Reagan with First Lady <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> at a White House luncheon, June 3, 2009</figcaption></figure> In March 2009, she praised President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> for reversing the ban on federally funded embryonic stem cell research.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> She traveled to Washington, D.C., in June 2009 to unveil a statue of her late husband in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">Capitol rotunda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> She was also on hand as President Obama signed the Ronald Reagan Centennial Commission Act, and lunched privately with Michelle Obama.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Reagan revealed in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a> that Michelle Obama had telephoned her for advice on living and entertaining in the White House.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Following the death of Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> in August 2009, she said she was "terribly saddened ... Given our political differences, people are sometimes surprised how close Ronnie and I have been to the Kennedy family ... I will miss him."<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> She attended the funeral of <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Mirage,_California" title="Rancho Mirage, California">Rancho Mirage, California</a>, on July 12, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> Reagan hosted a <a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2012 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">2012 Republican presidential debate</a> at the Reagan Presidential Library on September 7, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-endorse-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> She suffered a fall in March 2012.<a href="#cite_note-fall-200">[200]</a> Two months later, she endured several broken ribs, which prevented her from attending a speech given by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a> in the Reagan Presidential Library in May 2012.<a href="#cite_note-fall-200">[200]</a> She endorsed Republican presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> on May 31, 2012, explaining that her husband would have liked Romney's business background and what she called "strong principles".<a href="#cite_note-endorse-198">[198]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">the death</a> of former British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> in April 2013, she stated, "The world has lost a true champion of freedom and democracy ... Ronnie and I knew her as a dear and trusted friend, and I will miss her."<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> After her death, her son, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Reagan" title="Michael Reagan">Michael Reagan</a>, said that he had no doubts that if his mother were alive, she would have voted for <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_funeral">Death and funeral</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Death and funeral">edit</a>]</div> On March 6, 2016, Nancy Reagan died of <a href="/wiki/Congestive_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Congestive heart failure">congestive heart failure</a> at her home in Los Angeles at the age of 94.<a href="#cite_note-Fieldstadt-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cannon-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dunham-205">[205]</a> On March 7, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> issued a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_proclamation" title="Presidential proclamation">presidential proclamation</a> ordering the US flag to be flown at <a href="/wiki/Half-mast#United_States" title="Half-mast">half-staff</a> until sunset on the day of Reagan's interment.<a href="#cite_note-halfstaff-206">[206]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?406302-1/funeral-service-nancy-reagan">Nancy Reagan funeral service, March 11, 2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Her funeral was held on March 11 at the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California" title="Simi Valley, California">Simi Valley, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-funeral-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> Representatives from ten first families attended, including former president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, then-first lady <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a>, former first ladies <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a>, and then-2016 presidential candidate former U.S. secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, herself a former first lady. Presidential children <a href="/wiki/Steven_Ford" title="Steven Ford">Steven Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tricia_Nixon_Cox" title="Tricia Nixon Cox">Tricia Nixon Cox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luci_Baines_Johnson" title="Luci Baines Johnson">Luci Baines Johnson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a> were also in attendance, as was presidential grandchild <a href="/wiki/Anne_Eisenhower" title="Anne Eisenhower">Anne Eisenhower Flottl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vf-funeral-209">[209]</a> Other attendees included California governor <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a>, former governors <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pete_Wilson" title="Pete Wilson">Pete Wilson</a>, former House speakers <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a>, and former members of the Reagan administration, including <a href="/wiki/George_P._Shultz" class="mw-redirect" title="George P. Shultz">George P. Shultz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Edwin Meese</a>. There were also many attendees from the Hollywood entertainment industry, including <a href="/wiki/Mr._T" title="Mr. T">Mr. T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Shriver" title="Maria Shriver">Maria Shriver</a> (Schwarzenegger's then-wife), <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Newton" title="Wayne Newton">Wayne Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anjelica_Huston" title="Anjelica Huston">Anjelica Huston</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Stamos" title="John Stamos">John Stamos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Selleck" title="Tom Selleck">Tom Selleck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bo_Derek" title="Bo Derek">Bo Derek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Rivers" title="Melissa Rivers">Melissa Rivers</a>. In all there were some 1,000 guests.<a href="#cite_note-vf-funeral-209">[209]</a> Eulogies were given by former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">prime minister of Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>, former secretary of state <a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diane_Sawyer" title="Diane Sawyer">Diane Sawyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Tom Brokaw</a>, and Reagan's children <a href="/wiki/Patti_Davis" title="Patti Davis">Patti Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Reagan" title="Ron Reagan">Ron Reagan</a>. After the funeral, Reagan was interred next to her husband.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_assessments">Historical assessments</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Historical assessments">edit</a>]</div> Since 1982, <a href="/wiki/Siena_College_Research_Institute" title="Siena College Research Institute">Siena College Research Institute</a> has conducted occasional surveys asking historians to assess American first ladies according to a cumulative score on the independent criteria of their background, value to the country, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">courage</a>, accomplishments, <a href="/wiki/Integrity" title="Integrity">integrity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leadership</a>, being their own women, public image, and value to the president.<a href="#cite_note-Siena2014-212">[212]</a> In terms of cumulative assessment Reagan has been ranked: <ul><li>39th-best of 42 in 1982<a href="#cite_note-2008Siena-213">[213]</a></li> <li>36th-best of 37 in 1993<a href="#cite_note-2008Siena-213">[213]</a></li> <li>28th-best of 38 in 2003<a href="#cite_note-2008Siena-213">[213]</a></li> <li>15th-best of 38 in 2008<a href="#cite_note-2008Siena-213">[213]</a></li> <li>15th-best of 39 in 2014<a href="#cite_note-Siena2014-212">[212]</a></li></ul> In the 1993 Sienna Research Institute survey, the first conducted after Reagan left the White House, Reagan was assessed very poorly by historians, ranking the second-worst, with only <a href="/wiki/Mary_Todd_Lincoln" title="Mary Todd Lincoln">Mary Todd Lincoln</a> being given a worse assessment.<a href="#cite_note-2008Siena-213">[213]</a> Reagan was ranked the lowest in half of the criteria (background, value to the country, intelligence, courage, and integrity).<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Regard for Reagan has improved in subsequent iterations of the survey.<a href="#cite_note-2008Siena-213">[213]</a> In the 2008 Siena Research Institute survey, Reagan was ranked the 4th-highest in value to the president, but was ranked the lowest in integrity.<a href="#cite_note-2008Siena-213">[213]</a> In the 2003 survey, Reagan ranked the 5th-highest in value to the president.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> In the 2014 survey, Reagan and her husband were ranked the 16th-highest out of 39 first couples in terms of being a "power couple".<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> In the 2014 survey, historians ranked Reagan among 20th and 21st century American first ladies as being the 5th greatest in terms of being a "political asset" and 5th greatest in terms of being a strong public communicator.<a href="#cite_note-Siena2014-212">[212]</a> Reagan and her husband have each posthumously experienced continued criticism for having, during their time in the White House, spent years publicly ignoring the <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> epidemic, which <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_and_AIDS" title="Ronald Reagan and AIDS">began during her husband's presidency</a>. The epidemic had initially predominantly impacted the male <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a> community. Reagan's great extended public silence on this matter has been contrasted with her coinciding vocalness against drug use. Reagan's extended failure to give significant public acknowledgement of this epidemic has been seen as one of the greatest detractions in her retrospective public regard.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> However, there has been reporting to suggest that, privately, Reagan did unsuccessfully urge her husband's administration to address the epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Awards and honors">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan_honorary_degree_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nancy_Reagan_honorary_degree_2009.jpg/220px-Nancy_Reagan_honorary_degree_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nancy_Reagan_honorary_degree_2009.jpg/330px-Nancy_Reagan_honorary_degree_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nancy_Reagan_honorary_degree_2009.jpg/440px-Nancy_Reagan_honorary_degree_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption> Reagan receiving an honorary degree from Eureka College, 2009</figcaption></figure> As noted earlier, Nancy Reagan was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> in 2002<a href="#cite_note-President_Bush_Honors_Recipients_of_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_Award-168">[168]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a>, in the same year.<a href="#cite_note-Congressional_Gold_Medal_History-169">[169]</a> In 1989, she received the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America" title="Council of Fashion Designers of America">Council of Fashion Designers of America</a>'s lifetime achievement award.<a href="#cite_note-honorednyt-96">[96]</a> As First Lady, Nancy Reagan received an Honorary Doctorate of Laws degree from <a href="/wiki/Pepperdine_University" title="Pepperdine University">Pepperdine University</a> in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> Later, she received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from <a href="/wiki/Eureka_College" title="Eureka College">Eureka College</a> in Illinois, her husband's alma mater, in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>The Crippler (1940) (Short)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Jennie" title="Portrait of Jennie">Portrait of Jennie</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doctor_and_the_Girl" title="The Doctor and the Girl">The Doctor and the Girl</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Side,_West_Side_(1949_film)" title="East Side, West Side (1949 film)">East Side, West Side</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_on_the_Wall_(1950_film)" title="Shadow on the Wall (1950 film)">Shadow on the Wall</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Next_Voice_You_Hear..." title="The Next Voice You Hear...">The Next Voice You Hear...</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_into_Morning" title="Night into Morning">Night into Morning</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Big_Country" title="It's a Big Country">It's a Big Country</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_About_a_Stranger" title="Talk About a Stranger">Talk About a Stranger</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_in_the_Sky" title="Shadow in the Sky">Shadow in the Sky</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donovan%27s_Brain_(film)" title="Donovan's Brain (film)">Donovan's Brain</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Wave" title="The Dark Wave">The Dark Wave</a> (1956) (Short)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellcats_of_the_Navy" title="Hellcats of the Navy">Hellcats of the Navy</a> (1957)<a href="#cite_note-The_Films_of_Nancy_Reagan-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_Landing_(1958_film)" title="Crash Landing (1958 film)">Crash Landing</a> (1958)<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a></li></ul> </div> As Nancy Davis, she also made a number of television appearances from 1953 to 1962, as a guest star in dramatic shows or installments of anthology series. These included <a href="/wiki/Ford_Theatre" title="Ford Theatre">Ford Television Theatre</a> (her first appearance with Ronald Reagan came during a 1953 episode titled "First Born"), <a href="/wiki/Schlitz_Playhouse_of_Stars" title="Schlitz Playhouse of Stars">Schlitz Playhouse of Stars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Powell%27s_Zane_Grey_Theatre" title="Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre">Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre</a> (appearing with Ronald Reagan in the 1961 episode "The Long Shadow"), <a href="/wiki/Wagon_Train" title="Wagon Train">Wagon Train</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Tall_Man_(TV_series)" title="The Tall Man (TV series)">The Tall Man</a>, and <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Theater" title="General Electric Theater">General Electric Theater</a> (hosted by Ronald Reagan). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Percha-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Percha_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Percha_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Percha_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Percha_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Percha_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Percha_1-5">f</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPercha2016" class="citation news cs1">Percha, Julie (March 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/nancy-reagan-lady-dies-94/story?id=3349362">"Nancy Reagan, Former First Lady, Dies at 94"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106193042/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/nancy-reagan-lady-dies-94/story?id=3349362">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved March 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nancy+Reagan%2C+Former+First+Lady%2C+Dies+at+94&rft.date=2016-03-06&rft.aulast=Percha&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fnancy-reagan-lady-dies-94%2Fstory%3Fid%3D3349362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nancy_Reagan:_Her_Life_&_Times_2-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061024063625/http://www.reaganlibrary.com/reagan/nancy/nancy_bio.asp">"Nancy Reagan > Her Life & Times"</a>. Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reaganlibrary.com/reagan/nancy/nancy_bio.asp">the original</a> on October 24, 2006. Retrieved September 22, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nancy+Reagan+%3E+Her+Life+%26+Times&rft.pub=Ronald+Reagan+Presidential+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reaganlibrary.com%2Freagan%2Fnancy%2Fnancy_bio.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> When Nancy Davis signed with MGM, she gave her birth date as July 6, 1923, shaving two years off her age, a common practice in Hollywood (see Cannon, Governor Reagan, p. 75). This caused subsequent confusion as some sources would continue to use the incorrect birth year. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPowlingO'ConnorBarton1997" class="citation book cs1">Powling, Anne; O'Connor, John; Barton, Geoff (1997). New Oxford English. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-831192-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-831192-8"><bdi>978-0-19-831192-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Oxford+English&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-831192-8&rft.aulast=Powling&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+John&rft.au=Barton%2C+Geoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Some sources and websites erroneously list her as either being born in Flushing or being raised in Manhattan. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> National Archives, "World War I draft registration cards", digital image, Ancestry.com, "Kenneth Seymour Robbins, 23, b. Feb 23, 1892, Pittsfield, Mass, farmer, owner, Brainard, NY, married. Registered June 5, 1916." Retrieved October 8, 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sackettfamily.info/g128/p128863.htm">"The Sackett Family Association"</a>. Sakkett Family. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101643/http://sackettfamily.info/g128/p128863.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sakkett+Family&rft.atitle=The+Sackett+Family+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsackettfamily.info%2Fg128%2Fp128863.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Luckett gave her year of birth as 1896 to the Social Security Administration, thus shaving off eight years. </li> <li id="cite_note-nfll-10"><a href="#cite_ref-nfll_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085730/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=41">"First Lady Biography: Nancy Reagan"</a>. National First Ladies Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=41">the original</a> on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Lady+Biography%3A+Nancy+Reagan&rft.pub=National+First+Ladies+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstladies.org%2Fbiographies%2Ffirstladies.aspx%3Fbiography%3D41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luckett-IMDB-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Luckett-IMDB_11-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0524717/">Edith Luckett</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170217053215/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0524717/">Archived</a> February 17, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a>. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#User-generated_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">user-generated source</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-IBDB_Luckett-12"><a href="#cite_ref-IBDB_Luckett_12-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibdb.com/person.php?id=50307">Edith Luckett</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024093622/http://www.ibdb.com/person.php?id=50307">Archived</a> October 24, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-First_Lady_Nancy_Reagan_13-20">u</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085730/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=41">"First Lady Biography: Nancy Reagan"</a>. National First Ladies Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=41">the original</a> on May 9, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Lady+Biography%3A+Nancy+Reagan&rft.pub=National+First+Ladies+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstladies.org%2Fbiographies%2Ffirstladies.aspx%3Fbiography%3D41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Wills (1987), p. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_15-1">b</a> Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt041291-16"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt041291_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGonzalez,_David1991" class="citation news cs1">Gonzalez, David (April 12, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE7DE123CF931A25757C0A967958260">"Talk and More Talk About Nancy (That One!) in Flushing"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210173909/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE7DE123CF931A25757C0A967958260">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved October 29, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Talk+and+More+Talk+About+Nancy+%28That+One%21%29+in+Flushing&rft.date=1991-04-12&rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9D0CE7DE123CF931A25757C0A967958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbc-2004-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbc-2004_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbc-2004_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/news/just-say-no-first-lady-wbna4297405">"The 'just say no' first lady"</a>. Today.com. February 18, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161117064749/http://www.today.com/id/4297405">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%27just+say+no%27+first+lady&rft.pub=Today.com&rft.date=2004-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fnews%2Fjust-say-no-first-lady-wbna4297405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-lw-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-lw_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-lw_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-lw_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-lw_19-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-lw_19-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-lw_19-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeymouth1980" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lally_Weymouth" title="Lally Weymouth">Weymouth, Lally</a> (October 26, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9805EED81238E232A25755C2A9669D94619FD6CF&legacy=true">"The Biggest Role of Nancy's Life"</a> (fee required). <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223130900/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9805EED81238E232A25755C2A9669D94619FD6CF&legacy=true">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Biggest+Role+of+Nancy%27s+Life&rft.date=1980-10-26&rft.aulast=Weymouth&rft.aufirst=Lally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9805EED81238E232A25755C2A9669D94619FD6CF%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOshinsky2005" class="citation book cs1">Oshinsky, David M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/polioamericansto00oshi/page/68">Polio: An American Story</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/polioamericansto00oshi/page/68">68</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515294-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515294-4"><bdi>978-0-19-515294-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polio%3A+An+American+Story&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515294-4&rft.aulast=Oshinsky&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpolioamericansto00oshi%2Fpage%2F68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=1771">"Lute Song"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924142823/http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=1771">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015. 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', Dore Schary Production, Opens at Music Hall"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307015633/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9401E5D81638E73ABC4850DFB066838B649EDE">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27The+Next+Voice+You+Hear+...+%27%2C+Dore+Schary+Production%2C+Opens+at+Music+Hall&rft.date=1950-06-30&rft.au=Bosley+Crowther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1950%2F06%2F30%2Farchives%2Fthe-screen-in-review-the-next-voice-you-hear-dore-schary-production.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBosley_Crowther1951" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bosley_Crowther" title="Bosley Crowther">Bosley Crowther</a> (June 11, 1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1951/06/11/archives/the-screen-in-review-night-into-morning-starring-ray-milland-as-a.html">"'Night Into Morning,' Starring Ray Milland as a Bereaved Professor, at Loew's State"</a>. 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NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220609133451/https://www.npr.org/2022/06/09/1103575533/nancy-reagan-stamp-hiv-aids-pride-backlash-lgbtq">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2022. Retrieved October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Here%27s+why+the+new+Nancy+Reagan+stamp+prompted+backlash+from+the+LGBTQ%2B+community&rft.date=2022-06-09&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Wynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F06%2F09%2F1103575533%2Fnancy-reagan-stamp-hiv-aids-pride-backlash-lgbtq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMosendz2016" class="citation web cs1">Mosendz, Polly (March 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teenvogue.com/story/nancy-reagan-death-hiv-aids-legacy">"Former First Lady Nancy Reagan Watched Thousands of LGBTQ People Die of AIDS"</a>. Teen Vogue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221009202328/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/nancy-reagan-death-hiv-aids-legacy">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Teen+Vogue&rft.atitle=Former+First+Lady+Nancy+Reagan+Watched+Thousands+of+LGBTQ+People+Die+of+AIDS&rft.date=2016-03-09&rft.aulast=Mosendz&rft.aufirst=Polly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teenvogue.com%2Fstory%2Fnancy-reagan-death-hiv-aids-legacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTumulty2021" class="citation web cs1">Tumulty, Karen (April 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2021/04/full-story-nancy-reagan-and-aids-crisis/618552/">"Nancy Reagan's Real Role in the AIDS Crisis"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221009202323/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2021/04/full-story-nancy-reagan-and-aids-crisis/618552/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Nancy+Reagan%27s+Real+Role+in+the+AIDS+Crisis&rft.date=2021-04-12&rft.aulast=Tumulty&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2021%2F04%2Ffull-story-nancy-reagan-and-aids-crisis%2F618552%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/02/us/gets-honorary-degree-nancy-reagan-after-receiving-law-degree-yesterday.html">"Gets Honorary Degree"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. May 2, 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812173507/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/02/us/gets-honorary-degree-nancy-reagan-after-receiving-law-degree-yesterday.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gets+Honorary+Degree&rft.date=1983-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F05%2F02%2Fus%2Fgets-honorary-degree-nancy-reagan-after-receiving-law-degree-yesterday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicleillinois.com/news/local-news/eureka-college-awards-nancy-reagan-honorary-doctorate/">"Eureka College Awards Nancy Reagan Honorary Doctorate"</a>. Chronicle Media. April 8, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812210834/http://chronicleillinois.com/news/local-news/eureka-college-awards-nancy-reagan-honorary-doctorate/">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Eureka+College+Awards+Nancy+Reagan+Honorary+Doctorate&rft.date=2009-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicleillinois.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Feureka-college-awards-nancy-reagan-honorary-doctorate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPryor1957" class="citation news cs1">Pryor, Thomas M. (August 3, 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1957/08/03/archives/universal-plans-7-films-in-month-studio-has-busiest-august-in-5.html">"Universal Plans 7 Films in Month"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510121620/http://www.nytimes.com/1957/08/03/archives/universal-plans-7-films-in-month-studio-has-busiest-august-in-5.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Universal+Plans+7+Films+in+Month&rft.date=1957-08-03&rft.aulast=Pryor&rft.aufirst=Thomas+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1957%2F08%2F03%2Farchives%2Funiversal-plans-7-films-in-month-studio-has-busiest-august-in-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1958/01/31/archives/of-local-origin.html">"Of Local Origin"</a>. The New York Times. January 31, 1958. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510121607/http://www.nytimes.com/1958/01/31/archives/of-local-origin.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Of+Local+Origin&rft.date=1958-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1958%2F01%2F31%2Farchives%2Fof-local-origin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Bibliography of Ronald Reagan">Bibliography of Ronald Reagan</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnthony2003" class="citation book cs1">Anthony, Carl Sferrazza (2003). America's Most Influential First Ladies. The Oliver Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-881508-69-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-881508-69-4"><bdi>978-1-881508-69-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Most+Influential+First+Ladies&rft.pub=The+Oliver+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-881508-69-4&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=Carl+Sferrazza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnthony,_Carl_Sferrazza1991" class="citation book cs1">Anthony, Carl Sferrazza (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstladiessaga200anth">First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents' Wives and Their Power; 1961–1990 (Volume II)</a>. New York: William Morrow and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Ladies%3A+The+Saga+of+the+Presidents%27+Wives+and+Their+Power%3B+1961%E2%80%931990+%28Volume+II%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=William+Morrow+and+Co&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Anthony%2C+Carl+Sferrazza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstladiessaga200anth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenze2005" class="citation book cs1">Benze, James G. Jr. (2005). Nancy Reagan: On the White House Stage. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1401-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1401-1"><bdi>978-0-7006-1401-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nancy+Reagan%3A+On+the+White+House+Stage&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1401-1&rft.aulast=Benze&rft.aufirst=James+G.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeschloss2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Beschloss, Michael</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presidentialcour00besc">Presidential Courage: Brave Leaders and How They Changed America</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85705-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85705-3"><bdi>978-0-684-85705-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidential+Courage%3A+Brave+Leaders+and+How+They+Changed+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-684-85705-3&rft.aulast=Beschloss&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpresidentialcour00besc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrower2015" class="citation book cs1">Brower, Kate Andersen (2015). The Residence: Inside the Private World of The White House. New York: Harper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-230519-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-230519-0"><bdi>978-0-06-230519-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Residence%3A+Inside+the+Private+World+of+The+White+House&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-06-230519-0&rft.aulast=Brower&rft.aufirst=Kate+Andersen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurns2008" class="citation book cs1">Burns, Lisa M. (2008). First Ladies and the Fourth Estate: Press Framing of Presidential Wives. DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87580-391-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87580-391-3"><bdi>978-0-87580-391-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Ladies+and+the+Fourth+Estate%3A+Press+Framing+of+Presidential+Wives&rft.place=DeKalb%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Northern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-87580-391-3&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Lisa+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCannon2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Cannon" title="Lou Cannon">Cannon, Lou</a> (2003). Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power. Public Affairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-030-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-030-1"><bdi>978-1-58648-030-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governor+Reagan%3A+His+Rise+to+Power&rft.pub=Public+Affairs&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-030-1&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=Lou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeaver2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Deaver" title="Michael Deaver">Deaver, Michael K.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nancyportraitofm00deav">Nancy: A Portrait of My Years with Nancy Reagan</a>. New York: William Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-078095-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-078095-1"><bdi>978-0-06-078095-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nancy%3A+A+Portrait+of+My+Years+with+Nancy+Reagan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-06-078095-1&rft.aulast=Deaver&rft.aufirst=Michael+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnancyportraitofm00deav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Gale Literature. "Nancy Reagan." in Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors (Gale, 2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1000081481/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=83770ddb">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKelley1991" class="citation book cs1">Kelley, Kitty (1991). Nancy Reagan: The Unauthorized Biography. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0671646462" title="Special:BookSources/978-0671646462"><bdi>978-0671646462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nancy+Reagan%3A+The+Unauthorized+Biography&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0671646462&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Kitty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlapthor1999" class="citation book cs1">Klapthor, Margaret Brown (1999). Official White House China: 1789 to the Present. Harry N. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3993-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3993-6"><bdi>978-0-8109-3993-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+White+House+China%3A+1789+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-3993-6&rft.aulast=Klapthor&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Brown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Leamer, Laurence. Make-Believe: The Story of Nancy and Ronald Reagan (Harper, 1983).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoizeau2004" class="citation book cs1">Loizeau, Pierre-Marie (2004). Nancy Reagan: The Woman Behind the Man. Nova Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59033-759-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59033-759-2"><bdi>978-1-59033-759-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nancy+Reagan%3A+The+Woman+Behind+the+Man&rft.pub=Nova+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59033-759-2&rft.aulast=Loizeau&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoizeau2005" class="citation book cs1">Loizeau, Pierre-Marie (2005). Nancy Reagan in Perspective. Nova Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2970-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2970-0"><bdi>978-0-7425-2970-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nancy+Reagan+in+Perspective&rft.pub=Nova+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-2970-0&rft.aulast=Loizeau&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMetzger1989" class="citation book cs1">Metzger, Robert Paul (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reaganamericanic00metz">Reagan, American Icon</a>. Bucknell University, Center Gallery. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-916279-05-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-916279-05-9"><bdi>978-0-916279-05-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reagan%2C+American+Icon&rft.pub=Bucknell+University%2C+Center+Gallery&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-916279-05-9&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=Robert+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freaganamericanic00metz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Nyberg, Ferdinand. "Nancy Reagan in the ghetto. On space as mediator between structure and event." InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology 7.2 (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inter-disciplines.org/index.php/indi/article/download/1030/1138">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604094015/https://www.inter-disciplines.org/index.php/indi/article/download/1030/1138">Archived</a> June 4, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReaganReagan2000" class="citation book cs1">Reagan, Nancy; Reagan, Ronald (2000). I Love You, Ronnie: The Letters of Ronald Reagan to Nancy Reagan. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50554-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50554-6"><bdi>978-0-375-50554-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Love+You%2C+Ronnie%3A+The+Letters+of+Ronald+Reagan+to+Nancy+Reagan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-375-50554-6&rft.aulast=Reagan&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Reagan%2C+Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReaganNovak1989" class="citation book cs1">Reagan, Nancy; Novak, William (1989). <a href="/wiki/My_Turn_(memoir)" title="My Turn (memoir)">My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan</a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-56368-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-56368-8"><bdi>978-0-394-56368-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Turn%3A+The+Memoirs+of+Nancy+Reagan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-394-56368-8&rft.aulast=Reagan&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Novak%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"> H. W. Brands Reagan: The Life (2015) p. 743 says "she wrote one of the most candid and at times self-critical memoirs in recent American political history."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReaganLibby1980" class="citation book cs1">Reagan, Nancy; Libby, Bill (1980). Nancy: The Autobiography of America's First Lady. United States: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-03533-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-03533-4"><bdi>978-0-688-03533-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nancy%3A+The+Autobiography+of+America%27s+First+Lady&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-688-03533-4&rft.aulast=Reagan&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Libby%2C+Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReaganWilkie1982" class="citation book cs1">Reagan, Nancy; Wilkie, Jane (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tolovechild00reag">To Love a Child</a>. United States: <a href="/wiki/Bobbs-Merrill_Company" title="Bobbs-Merrill Company">Bobbs-Merrill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-672-52711-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-672-52711-1"><bdi>978-0-672-52711-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Love+a+Child&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Bobbs-Merrill&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-672-52711-1&rft.aulast=Reagan&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Wilkie%2C+Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftolovechild00reag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Roberts, Jason. "Nancy Reagan." in Katherine A.S. Sibley, ed., A Companion to First Ladies (2016): 585–603.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchifandoJoseph2007" class="citation book cs1">Schifando, Peter; Joseph, J. Jonathan (2007). Entertaining at the White House with Nancy Reagan. New York: William Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-135012-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-135012-2"><bdi>978-0-06-135012-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entertaining+at+the+White+House+with+Nancy+Reagan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-135012-2&rft.aulast=Schifando&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J.+Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWertheimer2004" class="citation book cs1">Wertheimer, Molly Meijer (2004). Nancy Reagan in Perspective. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2970-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2970-0"><bdi>978-0-7425-2970-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nancy+Reagan+in+Perspective&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-2970-0&rft.aulast=Wertheimer&rft.aufirst=Molly+Meijer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWills1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Garry_Wills" title="Garry Wills">Wills, Garry</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reagansamericain00will">Reagan's America: Innocents at Home</a>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-18286-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-18286-7"><bdi>978-0-385-18286-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reagan%27s+America%3A+Innocents+at+Home&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-385-18286-7&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freagansamericain00will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Reagan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Reagan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nancy_Reagan" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/first-families/">First Lady profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/WhiteHouse.gov" class="mw-redirect" title="WhiteHouse.gov">WhiteHouse.gov</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110217032856/http://www.reaganlibrary.com/nancy-reagan-life-and-times.aspx">Profile</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?nancyreagan">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193426#P2190" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firstladies.c-span.org/FirstLady/42/Nancy-Reagan.aspx">Nancy Reagan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141103003822/http://firstladies.c-span.org/FirstLady/42/Nancy-Reagan.aspx">Archived</a> November 3, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>'s <a href="/wiki/First_Ladies:_Influence_%26_Image" title="First Ladies: Influence & Image">First Ladies: Influence & Image</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://governors.library.ca.gov/firstladies/31-Reagan.html">First Ladies of California</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321222536/http://governors.library.ca.gov/firstladies/31-Reagan.html">Archived</a> March 21, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004864/">Nancy Davis</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193426#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/72450">Nancy Davis</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193426#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7657594">Nancy Reagan</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193426#P535" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/nancy-reagan">Nancy Reagan</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193426#P3221" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Layne_Brown" title="Bernice Layne Brown">Bernice Brown</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/First_Ladies_and_Partners_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="First Ladies and Partners of California">First Lady of California</a> 1967–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Deukmejian" title="Gloria Deukmejian">Gloria Deukmejian</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> 1981–1989 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nancy_Reagan57" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nancy_Reagan" title="Template:Nancy Reagan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nancy_Reagan" title="Template talk:Nancy Reagan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nancy_Reagan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nancy Reagan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nancy_Reagan57" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nancy Reagan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Just_Say_No" title="Just Say No">Just Say No</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Corps">Foster Grandparents Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_china#Reagan_service" title="White House china">White House china</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan%27s_1989_trip_to_Japan" title="Ronald and Nancy Reagan's 1989 trip to Japan">1989 trip to Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan_Research_Institute" title="Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute">Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Showcase_House" title="General Electric Showcase House">General Electric Showcase House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/668_St._Cloud_Road" title="668 St. Cloud Road">668 St. Cloud Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_del_Cielo" title="Rancho del Cielo">Rancho del Cielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_White_House_portraits_of_Nancy_and_Ronald_Reagan" title="Official White House portraits of Nancy and Ronald Reagan">Official White House portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Reagan Presidential Library, burial site</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Reagan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nancy_Reagan.jpg/80px-Nancy_Reagan.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nancy_Reagan.jpg/120px-Nancy_Reagan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nancy_Reagan.jpg/160px-Nancy_Reagan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/My_Turn_(memoir)" title="My Turn (memoir)">My Turn</a> (autobiography)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Day_Reagan_Was_Shot" title="The Day Reagan Was Shot">The Day Reagan Was Shot</a> (2001 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reagans" title="The Reagans">The Reagans</a> (2003 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_(2011_film)" title="Reagan (2011 film)">Reagan</a> (2011 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Butler" title="The Butler">The Butler</a> (2013 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_Reagan_(film)" title="Killing Reagan (film)">Killing Reagan</a> (2016 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reagans_(2020_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Reagans (2020 miniseries)">The Reagans</a> (2020 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_(2024_film)" title="Reagan (2024 film)">Reagan</a> (2024 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjavik_(film)" title="Reykjavik (film)">Reykjavik</a> (upcoming film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (husband, <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">presidency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Davis" title="Patti Davis">Patricia Ann Davis</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Reagan" title="Ron Reagan">Ronald Prescott Reagan</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Reagan" title="Maureen Reagan">Maureen Reagan Revell</a> (step-daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Reagan" title="Michael Reagan">Michael Reagan</a> (step-son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Luckett_Davis" title="Edith Luckett Davis">Edith Luckett Davis</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_(Ronald_Reagan%27s_dog)" title="Rex (Ronald Reagan's dog)">Rex</a> (dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan_defense" title="Nancy Reagan defense">Nancy Reagan defense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ronald_Reagan759" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ronald_Reagan" title="Template:Ronald Reagan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ronald_Reagan" title="Template talk:Ronald Reagan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ronald_Reagan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ronald Reagan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ronald_Reagan759" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">40th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1981–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_California" title="List of governors of California">33rd</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> (1967–1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birthplace_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Birthplace of Ronald Reagan">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._C._Pitney_Variety_Store_Building" title="H. C. Pitney Variety Store Building">Pitney Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Boyhood_Home" title="Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home">Boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Showcase_House" title="General Electric Showcase House">General Electric Showcase House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_del_Cielo" title="Rancho del Cielo">Rancho del Cielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/668_St._Cloud_Road" title="668 St. Cloud Road">668 St. Cloud Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_filmography" title="Ronald Reagan filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Political positions of Ronald Reagan">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Governorship of Ronald Reagan">Governorship of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Era">Reagan Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_White_House_portraits_of_Nancy_and_Ronald_Reagan" title="Official White House portraits of Nancy and Ronald Reagan">Official White House portraits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_and_Nancy_Reagan%27s_1989_trip_to_Japan" title="Ronald and Nancy Reagan's 1989 trip to Japan">1989 trip to Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">Death and state funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_York_(horse)" title="Sergeant York (horse)">Riderless horse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg/100px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg/150px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg/200px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="2355" /> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="First inauguration of Ronald Reagan">First inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan">Second inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration" title="Domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">Domestic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Economic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Recovery_Tax_Act_of_1981" title="Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981">Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Reform_Act_of_1986" title="Tax Reform Act of 1986">Tax Reform Act of 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan">Assassination attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1979%E2%80%931985)" title="Cold War (1979–1985)">1st term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">2nd term</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union summits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_(1987)" title="Washington Summit (1987)">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">INF Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Summit_(1988)" title="Moscow Summit (1988)">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island_Summit" title="Governors Island Summit">Governors Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructive_engagement" title="Constructive engagement">Constructive engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">Invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_bombing_of_Libya" title="1986 United States bombing of Libya">Libya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of international presidential trips made by Ronald Reagan">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grace_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="The Grace Commission">The Grace Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Ronald Reagan Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Ronald Reagan judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_administration_scandals" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan administration scandals">Administration scandals</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_begin_bombing_in_five_minutes" title="We begin bombing in five minutes">We begin bombing in five minutes</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Ronald_Reagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Efforts to impeach Ronald Reagan">Impeachment efforts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Ronald_Wilson_Reagan/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Ronald Wilson Reagan/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Ronald_Wilson_Reagan/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Ronald Wilson Reagan/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George H. W. Bush">Bush transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speeches_and_debates_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Speeches and debates of Ronald Reagan">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Speaks_Out_Against_Socialized_Medicine" title="Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine">Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Time_for_Choosing" title="A Time for Choosing">"A Time for Choosing"</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan%27s_Neshoba_County_Fair_%22states%27_rights%22_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan's Neshoba County Fair "states' rights" speech">Neshoba County Fair "states' rights" speech</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="First inauguration of Ronald Reagan">First inaugural address</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1981_Ronald_Reagan_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 1981 Ronald Reagan speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_heap_of_history" title="Ash heap of history">"Ash heap of history"</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_Empire_speech" title="Evil Empire speech">"Evil empire"</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan">Second inaugural address</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_down_this_wall!" title="Tear down this wall!">"Tear down this wall!"</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1982_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1982 State of the Union Address">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1983 State of the Union Address">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1984 State of the Union Address">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1985 State of the Union Address">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1986 State of the Union Address">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1987 State of the Union Address">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1988 State of the Union Address">1988</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Bibliography of Ronald Reagan">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_American_Life" title="An American Life">An American Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reagan_Diaries" title="The Reagan Diaries">The Reagan Diaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Electoral history of Ronald Reagan">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1966_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 California gubernatorial election">1966 California gubernatorial election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Eleventh_Commandment_(Ronald_Reagan)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Eleventh Commandment (Ronald Reagan)">11th commandment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 California gubernatorial election">1970 California gubernatorial election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican presidential primaries (1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Republican Party presidential primaries">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Republican Party presidential primaries">1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention (1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention" title="1976 Republican National Convention">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_National_Convention" title="1984 Republican National Convention">1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1976 presidential campaign">1976 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign">1980 presidential campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/There_you_go_again" title="There you go again">"There you go again"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">"Let's make America great again"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1984 presidential campaign">1984 presidential campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morning_in_America" title="Morning in America">"Morning in America"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_in_the_woods" title="Bear in the woods">"Bear in the woods"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">United States presidential election (1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Cultural depictions of Ronald Reagan">Cultural depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Bibliography of Ronald Reagan">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_in_music" title="Ronald Reagan in music">In music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_Them_Eat_Jellybeans!" title="Let Them Eat Jellybeans!">Let Them Eat Jellybeans!</a> (1981)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_Master_Ronnie" title="Rap Master Ronnie">Rap Master Ronnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_the_Happy_Clown" title="Ed the Happy Clown">Ed the Happy Clown</a> (1983 comic series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image" title="Spitting Image">Spitting Image (TV series)</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Mind_Forever_Voyaging" title="A Mind Forever Voyaging">A Mind Forever Voyaging</a> (1985 game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Returns" title="The Dark Knight Returns">The Dark Knight Returns</a> (1986) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Dark_Knight_Returns_(film)" title="Batman: The Dark Knight Returns (film)">film adaptation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Man_(1991_film)" title="Pizza Man (1991 film)">Pizza Man</a> (1991 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Day_Reagan_Was_Shot" title="The Day Reagan Was Shot">The Day Reagan Was Shot</a> (2001 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan%27s_War" title="Reagan's War">Reagan's War</a> (2002 book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reagans" title="The Reagans">The Reagans</a> (2003 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_(2011_film)" title="Reagan (2011 film)">Reagan</a> (2011 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Butler" title="The Butler">The Butler</a> (2013 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_Reagan" title="Killing Reagan">Killing Reagan</a> (2015 book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_Reagan_(film)" title="Killing Reagan (film)">Killing Reagan</a> (2016 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty:_Black_Ops_Cold_War" title="Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War">Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War</a> (2020 game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reagans_(2020_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Reagans (2020 miniseries)">The Reagans</a> (2020 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_(2024_film)" title="Reagan (2024 film)">Reagan</a> (2024 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_would_Reagan_do%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="What would Reagan do?">"What would Reagan do?"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjavik_(film)" title="Reykjavik (film)">Reykjavik</a> (TBA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Ronald_Reagan_(U.S._Capitol)" title="Statue of Ronald Reagan (U.S. Capitol)">U.S. Capitol statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Ronald_Reagan" title="USS Ronald Reagan">USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of things named after Ronald Reagan">Namesakes and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Day" title="Ronald Reagan Day">Ronald Reagan Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Dinner" title="Lincoln Dinner">Reagan Day Dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport">Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Building_and_International_Trade_Center" title="Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center">Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nancy Reagan</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Reagan" title="Maureen Reagan">Maureen Reagan</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Reagan" title="Michael Reagan">Michael Reagan</a> (adopted son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Davis" title="Patti Davis">Patti Davis</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Reagan" title="Ron Reagan">Ron Reagan</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Reagan" title="Jack Reagan">Jack Reagan</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelle_Wilson_Reagan" title="Nelle Wilson Reagan">Nelle Wilson Reagan</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Reagan" title="Neil Reagan">Neil Reagan</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_(Ronald_Reagan%27s_dog)" title="Rex (Ronald Reagan's dog)">Rex</a> (dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">← Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush →</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ronald_Reagan" title="Category:Ronald Reagan">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_ladies_of_the_United_States511" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_ladies_of_the_United_States_navbox" title="Template:First ladies of the United States navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_ladies_of_the_United_States_navbox" title="Template talk:First ladies of the United States navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_ladies_of_the_United_States_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First ladies of the United States navbox"><abbr title="Edit this 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Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Yorke_Jackson" title="Sarah Yorke Jackson">Sarah Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelica_Singleton_Van_Buren" title="Angelica Singleton Van Buren">Angelica Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Harrison" title="Anna Harrison">Anna Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Irwin_Harrison" title="Jane Irwin Harrison">Jane Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letitia_Christian_Tyler" title="Letitia Christian Tyler">Letitia Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Cooper_Tyler" title="Priscilla Cooper Tyler">Priscilla Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gardiner_Tyler" title="Julia Gardiner Tyler">Julia Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Childress_Polk" title="Sarah Childress Polk">Sarah Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Taylor" title="Margaret Taylor">Margaret Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Fillmore" title="Abigail Fillmore">Abigail Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Pierce" title="Jane Pierce">Jane Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Lane" title="Harriet Lane">Harriet Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Todd_Lincoln" title="Mary Todd Lincoln">Mary Todd Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_McCardle_Johnson" title="Eliza McCardle Johnson">Eliza Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Grant" title="Julia Grant">Julia Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Webb_Hayes" title="Lucy Webb Hayes">Lucy Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Garfield" title="Lucretia Garfield">Lucretia Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Arthur_McElroy" title="Mary Arthur McElroy">Mary McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Cleveland" title="Rose Cleveland">Rose Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cleveland" title="Frances Cleveland">Frances Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Harrison" title="Caroline Harrison">Caroline Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harrison_McKee" title="Mary Harrison McKee">Mary Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cleveland" title="Frances Cleveland">Frances Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Saxton_McKinley" title="Ida Saxton McKinley">Ida McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Roosevelt" title="Edith Roosevelt">Edith Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Herron_Taft" title="Helen Herron Taft">Helen Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Axson_Wilson" title="Ellen Axson Wilson">Ellen Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Margaret Woodrow Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Harding" title="Florence Harding">Florence Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Coolidge" title="Grace Coolidge">Grace Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Henry_Hoover" title="Lou Henry Hoover">Lou Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Truman" title="Bess Truman">Bess Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower">Mamie Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Pat Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nancy Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_First_Lady_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as First Lady of the United States">tenure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_United_States_presidential_spouses_and_first_ladies" title="Bibliography of United States presidential spouses and first ladies">bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_family_of_the_United_States" title="First family of the United States">families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_First_Lady_of_the_United_States_firsts" title="List of First Lady of the United States firsts">firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memoirs_by_first_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of memoirs by first ladies of the United States">memoirs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Ladies_National_Historic_Site" title="First Ladies National Historic Site">National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:First ladies of the United States">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_ladies_and_partners_of_California43" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spouses_of_California_governors" title="Template:Spouses of California governors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spouses_of_California_governors" title="Template talk:Spouses of California governors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spouses_of_California_governors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spouses of California governors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_ladies_and_partners_of_California43" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_ladies_and_partners_of_California" title="First ladies and partners of California">First ladies and partners of California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Burnett" title="Harriet Burnett">Harriet Burnett</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_McDougal" title="Jane McDougal">Jane McDougal</a> (1851–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bigler" title="Elizabeth Bigler">Elizabeth Bigler</a> (1852–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Johnson_(first_lady)" title="Mary Johnson (first lady)">Mary Zabriskie Johnson</a> (1856–1858)</li> <li>Lizzie Weller (1858–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Latham" title="Sophie Latham">Sophie Latham</a> (1860–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Downey" title="Maria Downey">Maria Downey</a> (1860–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Stanford" title="Jane Stanford">Jane Stanford</a> (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollie_Low" title="Mollie Low">Mollie Low</a> (1863–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Haight" title="Anna Haight">Anna Haight</a> (1867–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McIntire_Pacheco" title="Mary McIntire Pacheco">Mary McIntire Pacheco</a> (1875–1875)</li> <li>Amelia Irwin (1875–1880)</li> <li>Ruth Amelia Perkins (1880–1883)</li> <li>Mary Stoneman (1883–1887)</li> <li>Jane Waterman (1887–1891)</li> <li>Mary Markham (1891–1895)</li> <li>Inez Budd (1895–1899)</li> <li>Fannie Gage (1899–1903)</li> <li>Helen Pardee (1903–1907)</li> <li>Isabella Gillett (1907–1911)</li> <li>Minnie Johnson (1911–1917)</li> <li>Flora Stephens (1917–1923)</li> <li>Augusta Richardson (1923–1927)</li> <li>Lyla Young (1927–1932)</li> <li>Annie Rolph (1931–1934)</li> <li>Jessie Merriam (1936–1939)</li> <li>Kate Olson (1939–1939)</li> <li>Nina Warren (1943–1953)</li> <li>Virginia Knight (1954–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Layne_Brown" title="Bernice Layne Brown">Bernice Layne Brown</a> (1959–1967)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nancy Reagan</a> (1967–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Deukmejian" title="Gloria Deukmejian">Gloria Deukmejian</a> (1983–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayle_Wilson" title="Gayle Wilson">Gayle Wilson</a> (1991–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Davis" title="Sharon Davis">Sharon Davis</a> (1999–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Shriver" title="Maria Shriver">Maria Shriver</a> (2003–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Gust_Brown" title="Anne Gust Brown">Anne Gust Brown</a> (2011–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Siebel_Newsom" title="Jennifer Siebel Newsom">Jennifer Siebel Newsom</a> (2019–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/18px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/27px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/35px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/21px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/42px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/21px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/42px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/21px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/32px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/42px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="490" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Fashion" title="Portal:Fashion">Fashion</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193426#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4191" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193426#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4191" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193426#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116956259">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/104204147">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/44456/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbtqTd6gKKmY9DcRfgqcP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118897683">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79121421">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120478783">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16980947b">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120478783">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16980947b">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00453804">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV026683">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35960190">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701479&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1041547">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06865541X">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/7015292">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000005442&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dhq5xl03g20nf">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810673365305606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007314189505171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14196656">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04510949?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500281414">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/51b2b7b7-fd3d-4805-a655-fc93878d70a7">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1163873">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118897683.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/Ee5pnFOBb">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118897683">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028695682">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582671">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6d61b04">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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