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data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-author</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="461382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/104343249/Rational_choice_and_indirect_global_governance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rational choice and indirect global governance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343249/Rational_choice_and_indirect_global_governance">Rational choice and indirect global governance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Organization and Global Governance</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343248/Supplemental_Material_NTI_2016_06_17_appendix_Beyond_Trade_The_Expanding_Scope_of_the_Nontrade_Agenda_in_Trade_Agreements">Supplemental Material, NTI_2016-06-17_appendix - Beyond Trade: The Expanding Scope of the Nontrade Agenda in Trade Agreements</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Supplemental Material, NTI_2016-06-17_appendix for Beyond Trade: The Expanding Scope of the Nontr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Supplemental Material, NTI_2016-06-17_appendix for Beyond Trade: The Expanding Scope of the Nontrade Agenda in Trade Agreements by Karolina Milewicz, James Hollway, Claire Peacock, and Duncan Snidal in Journal of Conflict Resolution</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cc09ecbec06f928b2be8dd7a502ac8ce" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104099511,"asset_id":104343248,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099511/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343248"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Virtually all governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. Governors prefer both t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Virtually all governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. Governors prefer both to engage intermediaries that are competent and to control intermediary behavior. But governors face a pervasive tradeoff between competence and control. Competent intermediaries are difficult to control, even with complete information, because their capacity to advance or threaten the governor’s policy goals gives them power over it. At the same time, governor control can weaken important intermediary competencies, constraining their development or exercise. The governor thus faces a dilemma: if it emphasizes control, it limits intermediary competence and risks policy failure; if it emphasizes competence, it empowers potentially opportunistic intermediaries and risks control failure. Competence–control theory explains many features of governor–intermediary relationships that other theories of indirect governance cannot: why such relationships are not limited to principal–agent delegation...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343247"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343247"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343247; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343247]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343247]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343247; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343247']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343247, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343247]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343247,"title":"Competence–Control Theory","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Virtually all governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. 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all governors rely on agents, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">No governor has sufficient capabilities to govern single-handedly; all governors rely on agents, and thus become principals. The &quot;governor&#39;s dilemma&quot; results from the tradeoff between agent competence and principal control. Competent agents are difficult to control because their policy contributions give them leverage over the principal; principal control impedes agent competence by constraining the development and exercise of agent capabilities. If a principal emphasizes control, it limits agent competence and risks policy failure; if it emphasizes competence, it provides opportunistic agents freedom to maneuver and risks control failure. This competence-control tradeoff applies in all governance domains: democratic or autocratic, domestic or international, public or private. We extend principal-agent theory by identifying four modes of indirect governance based on ex ante and ex post control relations: delegation, trusteeship, cooptation and orchestration. We then th...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="08afdf27ca9da4b89d7c1c09b967e595" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104099510,"asset_id":104343244,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099510/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343244"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343244]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343244; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343244']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343244, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "08afdf27ca9da4b89d7c1c09b967e595" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343244]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343244,"title":"The governor's dilemma: Competence versus control in indirect governance","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"No governor has sufficient capabilities to govern single-handedly; all governors rely on agents, and thus become principals. 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We extend principal-agent theory by identifying four modes of indirect governance based on ex ante and ex post control relations: delegation, trusteeship, cooptation and orchestration. 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The \u0026quot;governor\u0026#39;s dilemma\u0026quot; results from the tradeoff between agent competence and principal control. Competent agents are difficult to control because their policy contributions give them leverage over the principal; principal control impedes agent competence by constraining the development and exercise of agent capabilities. If a principal emphasizes control, it limits agent competence and risks policy failure; if it emphasizes competence, it provides opportunistic agents freedom to maneuver and risks control failure. This competence-control tradeoff applies in all governance domains: democratic or autocratic, domestic or international, public or private. We extend principal-agent theory by identifying four modes of indirect governance based on ex ante and ex post control relations: delegation, trusteeship, cooptation and orchestration. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104343241"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343241/Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shifts"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Informal IGOs as Mediators of Power Shifts" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099525/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343241/Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shifts">Informal IGOs as Mediators of Power Shifts</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Global Policy</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In an era defined by shifting distributions of power, states are not only pushing for change in f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In an era defined by shifting distributions of power, states are not only pushing for change in formal international organizations but they are increasingly using informal intergovernmental organizations (IIGOs) to mediate change. Why and how do states use IIGOs-institutions without a treaty or secretariat-to manage global power shifts? IIGOs are useful for states on both sides of the power shift. Established powers use IIGOs for system management through 'collaboration' and strengthening the 'hegemonic consensus' to preserve their institutional privileges while adapting to changing power realities. Rising powers use IIGOs to redistribute through 'power bargaining' and 'rhetorical coercion' to strengthen their institutional roles without overly disrupting the current order. Established and rising powers also work together to use IIGOs for integrative strategies including 'cooptation' and 'principled persuasion', creating a mutually beneficial solution that accommodates both increased demands but also mounting responsibilities. IIGOs help states manage power transitions by providing flexible institutional arrangements that facilitate bargaining without freezing outcomes in permanent institutions while the power distribution evolves. We provide case vignettes of the G7 (system management) in the early phase of a power shift, BRICS (redistributive strategies) in the middle phase, and the G20 (integrative strategies) in the later phase. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="acdfe970ea403461772417aa8303a362" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104099525,"asset_id":104343241,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099525/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343241"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343241"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343241; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343241]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343241]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343241; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343241']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343241, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "acdfe970ea403461772417aa8303a362" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343241]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343241,"title":"Informal IGOs as Mediators of Power Shifts","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley","grobid_abstract":"In an era defined by shifting distributions of power, states are not only pushing for change in formal international organizations but they are increasingly using informal intergovernmental organizations (IIGOs) to mediate change. 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IIGOs help states manage power transitions by providing flexible institutional arrangements that facilitate bargaining without freezing outcomes in permanent institutions while the power distribution evolves. We provide case vignettes of the G7 (system management) in the early phase of a power shift, BRICS (redistributive strategies) in the middle phase, and the G20 (integrative strategies) in the later phase. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Global Policy","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":104099525},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104343241/Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shifts","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-07-07T13:50:34.802-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":461382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":104099525,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099525/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"r3t945q87v.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099525/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shif.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104099525/r3t945q87v-libre.pdf?1688763561=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInformal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shif.pdf\u0026Expires=1734076580\u0026Signature=a8b-32mb72ZtiDC0dNzYxhOqVENB4~luqgrgsV2G9E7ZPKrj9598j6-6o4YyBNINDvMYc95Kr7JEbn4iSOV-bZJypyx0Fpx75APUuPAX-DODBBXQqyEY2ZF90kcBLAHQ6mksFR73Ka1Cbex0kWx6V2mSozOpi3gcyt1WQrRvcXRA8pU23Jy10VGBGoNjsZALyb92uhYe5aZF8Kts5UOXoXrZtZFbRbhlCVFWC~tz8uzEjBa8QemW5PKZ6Re7U3tUmInhvabU28lLpJt8UskAolxGafl5LUZVij8osUu9KefuKG7cXlsWyaflT1A3S0BxjI8iLsrlzXJUrozIcsVpTQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shifts","translated_slug":"","page_count":32,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"In an era defined by shifting distributions of power, states are not only pushing for change in formal international organizations but they are increasingly using informal intergovernmental organizations (IIGOs) to mediate change. Why and how do states use IIGOs-institutions without a treaty or secretariat-to manage global power shifts? IIGOs are useful for states on both sides of the power shift. Established powers use IIGOs for system management through 'collaboration' and strengthening the 'hegemonic consensus' to preserve their institutional privileges while adapting to changing power realities. Rising powers use IIGOs to redistribute through 'power bargaining' and 'rhetorical coercion' to strengthen their institutional roles without overly disrupting the current order. Established and rising powers also work together to use IIGOs for integrative strategies including 'cooptation' and 'principled persuasion', creating a mutually beneficial solution that accommodates both increased demands but also mounting responsibilities. IIGOs help states manage power transitions by providing flexible institutional arrangements that facilitate bargaining without freezing outcomes in permanent institutions while the power distribution evolves. We provide case vignettes of the G7 (system management) in the early phase of a power shift, BRICS (redistributive strategies) in the middle phase, and the G20 (integrative strategies) in the later phase. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","owner":{"id":461382,"first_name":"Duncan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snidal","page_name":"DuncanSnidal","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-05-29T20:57:36.051-07:00","display_name":"Duncan Snidal","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/DuncanSnidal"},"attachments":[{"id":104099525,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099525/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"r3t945q87v.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099525/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shif.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104099525/r3t945q87v-libre.pdf?1688763561=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInformal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shif.pdf\u0026Expires=1734076580\u0026Signature=a8b-32mb72ZtiDC0dNzYxhOqVENB4~luqgrgsV2G9E7ZPKrj9598j6-6o4YyBNINDvMYc95Kr7JEbn4iSOV-bZJypyx0Fpx75APUuPAX-DODBBXQqyEY2ZF90kcBLAHQ6mksFR73Ka1Cbex0kWx6V2mSozOpi3gcyt1WQrRvcXRA8pU23Jy10VGBGoNjsZALyb92uhYe5aZF8Kts5UOXoXrZtZFbRbhlCVFWC~tz8uzEjBa8QemW5PKZ6Re7U3tUmInhvabU28lLpJt8UskAolxGafl5LUZVij8osUu9KefuKG7cXlsWyaflT1A3S0BxjI8iLsrlzXJUrozIcsVpTQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science"},{"id":511423,"name":"Global Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Policy"}],"urls":[{"id":32774155,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1758-5899.12869"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104343240"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343240/International_Cooperation_Theory_and_International_Institutions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of International Cooperation Theory and International Institutions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343240/International_Cooperation_Theory_and_International_Institutions">International Cooperation Theory and International Institutions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The study of international cooperation has emerged and evolved over the past few decades as a cor...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The study of international cooperation has emerged and evolved over the past few decades as a cornerstone of international relations research. The strategy here for reviewing such a large literature is to focus primarily on the rational choice and game theoretic approaches that instigated it and have subsequently guided its advance. Without these theoretical efforts, the study of international cooperation could not have made nearly as much progress—and it certainly would not have taken the form it does in the 21st century. Through this lens, we can identify major themes in this literature and highlight key challenges for future research</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343240"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343240"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343240; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343240]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343240; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343240']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343240, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343240]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343240,"title":"International Cooperation Theory and International Institutions","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The study of international cooperation has emerged and evolved over the past few decades as a cornerstone of international relations research. 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The strategy here for reviewing such a large literature is to focus primarily on the rational choice and game theoretic approaches that instigated it and have subsequently guided its advance. Without these theoretical efforts, the study of international cooperation could not have made nearly as much progress—and it certainly would not have taken the form it does in the 21st century. Through this lens, we can identify major themes in this literature and highlight key challenges for future research","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104343240/International_Cooperation_Theory_and_International_Institutions","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-07-07T13:50:34.659-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":461382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"International_Cooperation_Theory_and_International_Institutions","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The study of international cooperation has emerged and evolved over the past few decades as a cornerstone of international relations research. The strategy here for reviewing such a large literature is to focus primarily on the rational choice and game theoretic approaches that instigated it and have subsequently guided its advance. 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Here we summarize and assess extensions of the basic RIT model introduced in the volume, including changes in regulatory relationships over time, chains of regulatory actors, and networks. We also draw lessons for regulatory policy from the volume as a whole, emphasizing the diverse goals that intermediaries pursue; the importance of how, and by whom, intermediaries are selected; the pathologies, such as regulatory capture, that may result from intermediaries’ character, goals, and origins; and opportunities to mitigate these pathologies through regulatory design.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ac6f70c44e78c540ad9daa6d98277804" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104099523,"asset_id":104343239,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099523/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343239"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343239"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343239; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343239]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343239]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343239; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343239']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343239, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ac6f70c44e78c540ad9daa6d98277804" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343239]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343239,"title":"Enriching the RIT Framework","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Regulation should be theorized as a three-party relationship (RIT), with intermediaries (I) playing diverse roles between the regulator (R) and the targets of regulation (T). 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We also draw lessons for regulatory policy from the volume as a whole, emphasizing the diverse goals that intermediaries pursue; the importance of how, and by whom, intermediaries are selected; the pathologies, such as regulatory capture, that may result from intermediaries’ character, goals, and origins; and opportunities to mitigate these pathologies through regulatory design.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104343239/Enriching_the_RIT_Framework","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-07-07T13:50:34.487-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":461382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":104099523,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099523/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"000271621769459320230707-1-md9xzt.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099523/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Enriching_the_RIT_Framework.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104099523/000271621769459320230707-1-md9xzt-libre.pdf?1688763540=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEnriching_the_RIT_Framework.pdf\u0026Expires=1734076580\u0026Signature=N918oS4eS1BTBWmi-CcaviE7yUs6oZfNpEhexvcCBMeJL8X15Qqf9DU35MPjUPSDUtNjzVmopzcfYqrP6cYSMGuhNIvosiF0hHVvTmx-WUnhSJ2WE2YFHb3zPhzlqFHHR1bGX5zF4WZxG1mBkF6CdTbUjVejJUDEVu-6g2KxpvRcT-S7VLYW57JZ5uQedTj94Dffg0Z6T8QY5M0VWWoOupiJlWCYOb8H6SiSrOUubtjAjjiMCrCYQKdzQw~yDzsqmb-RQl8mM-tkVyEIbvwGicQ9X6C6a7hwBCX6nzEGr8ADhj~Fao2Nup2kFkO7rG4MSfXZBDMCfuKYEXewD-jzfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Enriching_the_RIT_Framework","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Regulation should be theorized as a three-party relationship (RIT), with intermediaries (I) playing diverse roles between the regulator (R) and the targets of regulation (T). 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We also draw lessons for regulatory policy from the volume as a whole, emphasizing the diverse goals that intermediaries pursue; the importance of how, and by whom, intermediaries are selected; the pathologies, such as regulatory capture, that may result from intermediaries’ character, goals, and origins; and opportunities to mitigate these pathologies through regulatory design.","owner":{"id":461382,"first_name":"Duncan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snidal","page_name":"DuncanSnidal","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-05-29T20:57:36.051-07:00","display_name":"Duncan Snidal","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/DuncanSnidal"},"attachments":[{"id":104099523,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099523/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"000271621769459320230707-1-md9xzt.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099523/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Enriching_the_RIT_Framework.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104099523/000271621769459320230707-1-md9xzt-libre.pdf?1688763540=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEnriching_the_RIT_Framework.pdf\u0026Expires=1734076580\u0026Signature=N918oS4eS1BTBWmi-CcaviE7yUs6oZfNpEhexvcCBMeJL8X15Qqf9DU35MPjUPSDUtNjzVmopzcfYqrP6cYSMGuhNIvosiF0hHVvTmx-WUnhSJ2WE2YFHb3zPhzlqFHHR1bGX5zF4WZxG1mBkF6CdTbUjVejJUDEVu-6g2KxpvRcT-S7VLYW57JZ5uQedTj94Dffg0Z6T8QY5M0VWWoOupiJlWCYOb8H6SiSrOUubtjAjjiMCrCYQKdzQw~yDzsqmb-RQl8mM-tkVyEIbvwGicQ9X6C6a7hwBCX6nzEGr8ADhj~Fao2Nup2kFkO7rG4MSfXZBDMCfuKYEXewD-jzfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":170608,"name":"Intermediary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intermediary"},{"id":705414,"name":"Regulator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulator"}],"urls":[{"id":32774154,"url":"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0002716217694593"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104343238"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343238/Theorizing_Regulatory_Intermediaries_The_RIT_Model"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Theorizing Regulatory Intermediaries: The RIT Model" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099524/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343238/Theorizing_Regulatory_Intermediaries_The_RIT_Model">Theorizing Regulatory Intermediaries: The RIT Model</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SSRN Electronic Journal</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Regulation is typically conceived as a two-party relationship between a rule-maker or regulator (...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Regulation is typically conceived as a two-party relationship between a rule-maker or regulator (R) and a rule-taker or target (T). We set out an agenda for the study of regulation (and rules more broadly) as a three-(or more) party relationship-with intermediaries (I) at the center of the analysis. Intermediaries play major and varied roles in regulation, from providing expertise and feedback to facilitating implementation, monitoring the behavior of regulatory targets and building communities of assurance and trust. After developing the basic RIT model, we discuss important extensions and variations. We then discuss the varieties of regulatory capture that appear where intermediaries are involved.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="92c460392cc1b59c5bba12852649525d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104099524,"asset_id":104343238,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099524/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343238"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343238"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343238; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343238]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343238]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343238; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343238']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343238, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "92c460392cc1b59c5bba12852649525d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343238]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343238,"title":"Theorizing Regulatory Intermediaries: The RIT Model","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Regulation is typically conceived as a two-party relationship between a rule-maker or regulator (R) and a rule-taker or target (T). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104343237"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343237/The_Politics_of_Scope_Endogenous_Actors_Heterogeneity_and_Institutions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Politics of Scope: Endogenous Actors, Heterogeneity and Institutions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343237/The_Politics_of_Scope_Endogenous_Actors_Heterogeneity_and_Institutions">The Politics of Scope: Endogenous Actors, Heterogeneity and Institutions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Local Commons and Global Interdependence: Heterogeneity and Cooperation in Two Domains</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343237"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343237; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343237]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343237']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343237, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48885708"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/48885708/1_Strengthening_International_Regulation_Through_Transnational_New_Governance_Overcoming_the_Orchestration_Deficit_2_International_Regulation_without_International_Government_Improving_IO_Performance_through_Orchestration_PDF_Logo"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 1. Strengthening International Regulation Through Transnational New Governance: Overcoming the Orchestration Deficit. 2. International Regulation without International Government: Improving IO Performance through Orchestration PDF Logo" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67293926/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/48885708/1_Strengthening_International_Regulation_Through_Transnational_New_Governance_Overcoming_the_Orchestration_Deficit_2_International_Regulation_without_International_Government_Improving_IO_Performance_through_Orchestration_PDF_Logo">1. Strengthening International Regulation Through Transnational New Governance: Overcoming the Orchestration Deficit. 2. International Regulation without International Government: Improving IO Performance through Orchestration PDF Logo</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A new kind of international regulatory system is spontaneously arising out of the failure of inte...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A new kind of international regulatory system is spontaneously arising out of the failure of international "Old Governance" (i.e., treaties and intergovernmental organizations) to adequately regulate international business. Nongovernmental organizations, business firms, and other actors, singly and in novel combinations, are creating innovative institutions to apply transnational norms to business. These institutions are predominantly private and operate through voluntary standards. The Authors depict the diversity of these new regulatory institutions on the "Governance Triangle," according to the roles of different actors in their operations. To analyze this complex system, we adapt the domestic "New Governance" model of regulation to the international setting. "Transnational New Governance" potentially provides many benefits of New Governance and is particularly suitable for international regulation because it demands less of states and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). However, Transnational New Governance does require states and IGOs to act as orchestrators of the international regulatory system, and that system currently suffers from a significant orchestration deficit. If states and IGOs expanded "directive" and especially "facilitative" orchestration of the Transnational New Governance system, they could strengthen high-quality private regulatory standards, improve the international regulatory system, and better achieve their own regulatory goals. Ein internationales regulatorisches System neuer Art entsteht derzeit spontan aus dem Versagen der internationalen "Old Governance"-also der bestehenden internationalen Verträge und Organisationen-dabei, den internationalen Handel angemessen zu regulieren. Nichtregierungsorganisationen, Unternehmen und andere Akteure-allein und in ganz neuen Kombinationen-schaffen sich neue internationale Einrichtungen, um transnationale Normen auf internationale Geschäftstätigkeit anzuwenden. Es geht dabei vornehmlich um private Einrichtungen, die vor allem über freiwillige Standardbefolgung wirken. In diesem Beitrag werden die unterschiedlichen Regulierungseinrichtungen als Teil eines "Governance Dreiecks" beschreiben und das geschieht vor allem in Blick darauf, welche Rollen die unterschiedlichen Akteure in ihrer Tätigkeit spielen. Um dieses komplexe System zu untersuchen passen wir das innenpolitische Regulierungsmodell der "New Governance" an den internationalen Rahmen an. Die "Transna</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f8f390b5518b0abc890c9e17b2e81a64" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67293926,"asset_id":48885708,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67293926/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48885708"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48885708"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48885708; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48885708]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48885708]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48885708; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='48885708']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48885708, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f8f390b5518b0abc890c9e17b2e81a64" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=48885708]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":48885708,"title":"1. 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To analyze this complex system, we adapt the domestic \"New Governance\" model of regulation to the international setting. \"Transnational New Governance\" potentially provides many benefits of New Governance and is particularly suitable for international regulation because it demands less of states and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). However, Transnational New Governance does require states and IGOs to act as orchestrators of the international regulatory system, and that system currently suffers from a significant orchestration deficit. If states and IGOs expanded \"directive\" and especially \"facilitative\" orchestration of the Transnational New Governance system, they could strengthen high-quality private regulatory standards, improve the international regulatory system, and better achieve their own regulatory goals. 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Virtually all governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. Governors prefer both t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Virtually all governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. Governors prefer both to engage intermediaries that are competent and to control intermediary behavior. But governors face a pervasive tradeoff between competence and control. Competent intermediaries are difficult to control, even with complete information, because their capacity to advance or threaten the governor’s policy goals gives them power over it. At the same time, governor control can weaken important intermediary competencies, constraining their development or exercise. The governor thus faces a dilemma: if it emphasizes control, it limits intermediary competence and risks policy failure; if it emphasizes competence, it empowers potentially opportunistic intermediaries and risks control failure. 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all governors rely on agents, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">No governor has sufficient capabilities to govern single-handedly; all governors rely on agents, and thus become principals. The &quot;governor&#39;s dilemma&quot; results from the tradeoff between agent competence and principal control. Competent agents are difficult to control because their policy contributions give them leverage over the principal; principal control impedes agent competence by constraining the development and exercise of agent capabilities. If a principal emphasizes control, it limits agent competence and risks policy failure; if it emphasizes competence, it provides opportunistic agents freedom to maneuver and risks control failure. This competence-control tradeoff applies in all governance domains: democratic or autocratic, domestic or international, public or private. We extend principal-agent theory by identifying four modes of indirect governance based on ex ante and ex post control relations: delegation, trusteeship, cooptation and orchestration. We then th...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="08afdf27ca9da4b89d7c1c09b967e595" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104099510,"asset_id":104343244,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099510/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343244"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343244]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343244; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343244']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343244, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "08afdf27ca9da4b89d7c1c09b967e595" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343244]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343244,"title":"The governor's dilemma: Competence versus control in indirect governance","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"No governor has sufficient capabilities to govern single-handedly; all governors rely on agents, and thus become principals. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104343241"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343241/Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shifts"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Informal IGOs as Mediators of Power Shifts" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099525/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343241/Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shifts">Informal IGOs as Mediators of Power Shifts</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Global Policy</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In an era defined by shifting distributions of power, states are not only pushing for change in f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In an era defined by shifting distributions of power, states are not only pushing for change in formal international organizations but they are increasingly using informal intergovernmental organizations (IIGOs) to mediate change. Why and how do states use IIGOs-institutions without a treaty or secretariat-to manage global power shifts? IIGOs are useful for states on both sides of the power shift. Established powers use IIGOs for system management through 'collaboration' and strengthening the 'hegemonic consensus' to preserve their institutional privileges while adapting to changing power realities. Rising powers use IIGOs to redistribute through 'power bargaining' and 'rhetorical coercion' to strengthen their institutional roles without overly disrupting the current order. Established and rising powers also work together to use IIGOs for integrative strategies including 'cooptation' and 'principled persuasion', creating a mutually beneficial solution that accommodates both increased demands but also mounting responsibilities. IIGOs help states manage power transitions by providing flexible institutional arrangements that facilitate bargaining without freezing outcomes in permanent institutions while the power distribution evolves. We provide case vignettes of the G7 (system management) in the early phase of a power shift, BRICS (redistributive strategies) in the middle phase, and the G20 (integrative strategies) in the later phase. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="acdfe970ea403461772417aa8303a362" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104099525,"asset_id":104343241,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099525/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343241"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343241"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343241; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343241]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343241]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343241; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343241']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343241, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "acdfe970ea403461772417aa8303a362" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343241]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343241,"title":"Informal IGOs as Mediators of Power Shifts","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley","grobid_abstract":"In an era defined by shifting distributions of power, states are not only pushing for change in formal international organizations but they are increasingly using informal intergovernmental organizations (IIGOs) to mediate change. 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IIGOs help states manage power transitions by providing flexible institutional arrangements that facilitate bargaining without freezing outcomes in permanent institutions while the power distribution evolves. We provide case vignettes of the G7 (system management) in the early phase of a power shift, BRICS (redistributive strategies) in the middle phase, and the G20 (integrative strategies) in the later phase. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Global Policy","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":104099525},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104343241/Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shifts","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-07-07T13:50:34.802-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":461382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":104099525,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099525/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"r3t945q87v.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099525/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shif.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104099525/r3t945q87v-libre.pdf?1688763561=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInformal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shif.pdf\u0026Expires=1734076580\u0026Signature=a8b-32mb72ZtiDC0dNzYxhOqVENB4~luqgrgsV2G9E7ZPKrj9598j6-6o4YyBNINDvMYc95Kr7JEbn4iSOV-bZJypyx0Fpx75APUuPAX-DODBBXQqyEY2ZF90kcBLAHQ6mksFR73Ka1Cbex0kWx6V2mSozOpi3gcyt1WQrRvcXRA8pU23Jy10VGBGoNjsZALyb92uhYe5aZF8Kts5UOXoXrZtZFbRbhlCVFWC~tz8uzEjBa8QemW5PKZ6Re7U3tUmInhvabU28lLpJt8UskAolxGafl5LUZVij8osUu9KefuKG7cXlsWyaflT1A3S0BxjI8iLsrlzXJUrozIcsVpTQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shifts","translated_slug":"","page_count":32,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"In an era defined by shifting distributions of power, states are not only pushing for change in formal international organizations but they are increasingly using informal intergovernmental organizations (IIGOs) to mediate change. 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IIGOs help states manage power transitions by providing flexible institutional arrangements that facilitate bargaining without freezing outcomes in permanent institutions while the power distribution evolves. We provide case vignettes of the G7 (system management) in the early phase of a power shift, BRICS (redistributive strategies) in the middle phase, and the G20 (integrative strategies) in the later phase. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","owner":{"id":461382,"first_name":"Duncan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snidal","page_name":"DuncanSnidal","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-05-29T20:57:36.051-07:00","display_name":"Duncan Snidal","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/DuncanSnidal"},"attachments":[{"id":104099525,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099525/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"r3t945q87v.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099525/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Informal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shif.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104099525/r3t945q87v-libre.pdf?1688763561=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInformal_IGOs_as_Mediators_of_Power_Shif.pdf\u0026Expires=1734076580\u0026Signature=a8b-32mb72ZtiDC0dNzYxhOqVENB4~luqgrgsV2G9E7ZPKrj9598j6-6o4YyBNINDvMYc95Kr7JEbn4iSOV-bZJypyx0Fpx75APUuPAX-DODBBXQqyEY2ZF90kcBLAHQ6mksFR73Ka1Cbex0kWx6V2mSozOpi3gcyt1WQrRvcXRA8pU23Jy10VGBGoNjsZALyb92uhYe5aZF8Kts5UOXoXrZtZFbRbhlCVFWC~tz8uzEjBa8QemW5PKZ6Re7U3tUmInhvabU28lLpJt8UskAolxGafl5LUZVij8osUu9KefuKG7cXlsWyaflT1A3S0BxjI8iLsrlzXJUrozIcsVpTQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science"},{"id":511423,"name":"Global Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Policy"}],"urls":[{"id":32774155,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1758-5899.12869"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104343240"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343240/International_Cooperation_Theory_and_International_Institutions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of International Cooperation Theory and International Institutions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343240/International_Cooperation_Theory_and_International_Institutions">International Cooperation Theory and International Institutions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The study of international cooperation has emerged and evolved over the past few decades as a cor...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The study of international cooperation has emerged and evolved over the past few decades as a cornerstone of international relations research. The strategy here for reviewing such a large literature is to focus primarily on the rational choice and game theoretic approaches that instigated it and have subsequently guided its advance. Without these theoretical efforts, the study of international cooperation could not have made nearly as much progress—and it certainly would not have taken the form it does in the 21st century. Through this lens, we can identify major themes in this literature and highlight key challenges for future research</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343240"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343240"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343240; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343240]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343240; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343240']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343240, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343240]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343240,"title":"International Cooperation Theory and International Institutions","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The study of international cooperation has emerged and evolved over the past few decades as a cornerstone of international relations research. 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Here we summarize and assess extensions of the basic RIT model introduced in the volume, including changes in regulatory relationships over time, chains of regulatory actors, and networks. We also draw lessons for regulatory policy from the volume as a whole, emphasizing the diverse goals that intermediaries pursue; the importance of how, and by whom, intermediaries are selected; the pathologies, such as regulatory capture, that may result from intermediaries’ character, goals, and origins; and opportunities to mitigate these pathologies through regulatory design.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ac6f70c44e78c540ad9daa6d98277804" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104099523,"asset_id":104343239,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099523/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343239"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343239"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343239; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343239]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343239]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343239; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343239']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343239, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ac6f70c44e78c540ad9daa6d98277804" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343239]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343239,"title":"Enriching the RIT Framework","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Regulation should be theorized as a three-party relationship (RIT), with intermediaries (I) playing diverse roles between the regulator (R) and the targets of regulation (T). 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Here we summarize and assess extensions of the basic RIT model introduced in the volume, including changes in regulatory relationships over time, chains of regulatory actors, and networks. We also draw lessons for regulatory policy from the volume as a whole, emphasizing the diverse goals that intermediaries pursue; the importance of how, and by whom, intermediaries are selected; the pathologies, such as regulatory capture, that may result from intermediaries’ character, goals, and origins; and opportunities to mitigate these pathologies through regulatory design.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104343239/Enriching_the_RIT_Framework","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-07-07T13:50:34.487-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":461382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":104099523,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099523/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"000271621769459320230707-1-md9xzt.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099523/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Enriching_the_RIT_Framework.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104099523/000271621769459320230707-1-md9xzt-libre.pdf?1688763540=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEnriching_the_RIT_Framework.pdf\u0026Expires=1734076580\u0026Signature=N918oS4eS1BTBWmi-CcaviE7yUs6oZfNpEhexvcCBMeJL8X15Qqf9DU35MPjUPSDUtNjzVmopzcfYqrP6cYSMGuhNIvosiF0hHVvTmx-WUnhSJ2WE2YFHb3zPhzlqFHHR1bGX5zF4WZxG1mBkF6CdTbUjVejJUDEVu-6g2KxpvRcT-S7VLYW57JZ5uQedTj94Dffg0Z6T8QY5M0VWWoOupiJlWCYOb8H6SiSrOUubtjAjjiMCrCYQKdzQw~yDzsqmb-RQl8mM-tkVyEIbvwGicQ9X6C6a7hwBCX6nzEGr8ADhj~Fao2Nup2kFkO7rG4MSfXZBDMCfuKYEXewD-jzfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Enriching_the_RIT_Framework","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Regulation should be theorized as a three-party relationship (RIT), with intermediaries (I) playing diverse roles between the regulator (R) and the targets of regulation (T). Here we summarize and assess extensions of the basic RIT model introduced in the volume, including changes in regulatory relationships over time, chains of regulatory actors, and networks. We also draw lessons for regulatory policy from the volume as a whole, emphasizing the diverse goals that intermediaries pursue; the importance of how, and by whom, intermediaries are selected; the pathologies, such as regulatory capture, that may result from intermediaries’ character, goals, and origins; and opportunities to mitigate these pathologies through regulatory design.","owner":{"id":461382,"first_name":"Duncan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snidal","page_name":"DuncanSnidal","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2011-05-29T20:57:36.051-07:00","display_name":"Duncan Snidal","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/DuncanSnidal"},"attachments":[{"id":104099523,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099523/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"000271621769459320230707-1-md9xzt.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099523/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Enriching_the_RIT_Framework.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104099523/000271621769459320230707-1-md9xzt-libre.pdf?1688763540=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEnriching_the_RIT_Framework.pdf\u0026Expires=1734076580\u0026Signature=N918oS4eS1BTBWmi-CcaviE7yUs6oZfNpEhexvcCBMeJL8X15Qqf9DU35MPjUPSDUtNjzVmopzcfYqrP6cYSMGuhNIvosiF0hHVvTmx-WUnhSJ2WE2YFHb3zPhzlqFHHR1bGX5zF4WZxG1mBkF6CdTbUjVejJUDEVu-6g2KxpvRcT-S7VLYW57JZ5uQedTj94Dffg0Z6T8QY5M0VWWoOupiJlWCYOb8H6SiSrOUubtjAjjiMCrCYQKdzQw~yDzsqmb-RQl8mM-tkVyEIbvwGicQ9X6C6a7hwBCX6nzEGr8ADhj~Fao2Nup2kFkO7rG4MSfXZBDMCfuKYEXewD-jzfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":170608,"name":"Intermediary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intermediary"},{"id":705414,"name":"Regulator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulator"}],"urls":[{"id":32774154,"url":"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0002716217694593"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104343238"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343238/Theorizing_Regulatory_Intermediaries_The_RIT_Model"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Theorizing Regulatory Intermediaries: The RIT Model" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104099524/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343238/Theorizing_Regulatory_Intermediaries_The_RIT_Model">Theorizing Regulatory Intermediaries: The RIT Model</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SSRN Electronic Journal</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Regulation is typically conceived as a two-party relationship between a rule-maker or regulator (...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Regulation is typically conceived as a two-party relationship between a rule-maker or regulator (R) and a rule-taker or target (T). We set out an agenda for the study of regulation (and rules more broadly) as a three-(or more) party relationship-with intermediaries (I) at the center of the analysis. Intermediaries play major and varied roles in regulation, from providing expertise and feedback to facilitating implementation, monitoring the behavior of regulatory targets and building communities of assurance and trust. After developing the basic RIT model, we discuss important extensions and variations. We then discuss the varieties of regulatory capture that appear where intermediaries are involved.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="92c460392cc1b59c5bba12852649525d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104099524,"asset_id":104343238,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104099524/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343238"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343238"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343238; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343238]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104343238]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343238; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104343238']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104343238, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "92c460392cc1b59c5bba12852649525d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104343238]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104343238,"title":"Theorizing Regulatory Intermediaries: The RIT Model","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Regulation is typically conceived as a two-party relationship between a rule-maker or regulator (R) and a rule-taker or target (T). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104343237"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343237/The_Politics_of_Scope_Endogenous_Actors_Heterogeneity_and_Institutions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Politics of Scope: Endogenous Actors, Heterogeneity and Institutions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104343237/The_Politics_of_Scope_Endogenous_Actors_Heterogeneity_and_Institutions">The Politics of Scope: Endogenous Actors, Heterogeneity and Institutions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Local Commons and Global Interdependence: Heterogeneity and Cooperation in Two Domains</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104343237"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104343237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104343237; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48885708"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/48885708/1_Strengthening_International_Regulation_Through_Transnational_New_Governance_Overcoming_the_Orchestration_Deficit_2_International_Regulation_without_International_Government_Improving_IO_Performance_through_Orchestration_PDF_Logo"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 1. Strengthening International Regulation Through Transnational New Governance: Overcoming the Orchestration Deficit. 2. International Regulation without International Government: Improving IO Performance through Orchestration PDF Logo" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67293926/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/48885708/1_Strengthening_International_Regulation_Through_Transnational_New_Governance_Overcoming_the_Orchestration_Deficit_2_International_Regulation_without_International_Government_Improving_IO_Performance_through_Orchestration_PDF_Logo">1. Strengthening International Regulation Through Transnational New Governance: Overcoming the Orchestration Deficit. 2. International Regulation without International Government: Improving IO Performance through Orchestration PDF Logo</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A new kind of international regulatory system is spontaneously arising out of the failure of inte...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A new kind of international regulatory system is spontaneously arising out of the failure of international "Old Governance" (i.e., treaties and intergovernmental organizations) to adequately regulate international business. Nongovernmental organizations, business firms, and other actors, singly and in novel combinations, are creating innovative institutions to apply transnational norms to business. These institutions are predominantly private and operate through voluntary standards. The Authors depict the diversity of these new regulatory institutions on the "Governance Triangle," according to the roles of different actors in their operations. To analyze this complex system, we adapt the domestic "New Governance" model of regulation to the international setting. "Transnational New Governance" potentially provides many benefits of New Governance and is particularly suitable for international regulation because it demands less of states and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). However, Transnational New Governance does require states and IGOs to act as orchestrators of the international regulatory system, and that system currently suffers from a significant orchestration deficit. If states and IGOs expanded "directive" and especially "facilitative" orchestration of the Transnational New Governance system, they could strengthen high-quality private regulatory standards, improve the international regulatory system, and better achieve their own regulatory goals. Ein internationales regulatorisches System neuer Art entsteht derzeit spontan aus dem Versagen der internationalen "Old Governance"-also der bestehenden internationalen Verträge und Organisationen-dabei, den internationalen Handel angemessen zu regulieren. Nichtregierungsorganisationen, Unternehmen und andere Akteure-allein und in ganz neuen Kombinationen-schaffen sich neue internationale Einrichtungen, um transnationale Normen auf internationale Geschäftstätigkeit anzuwenden. Es geht dabei vornehmlich um private Einrichtungen, die vor allem über freiwillige Standardbefolgung wirken. In diesem Beitrag werden die unterschiedlichen Regulierungseinrichtungen als Teil eines "Governance Dreiecks" beschreiben und das geschieht vor allem in Blick darauf, welche Rollen die unterschiedlichen Akteure in ihrer Tätigkeit spielen. Um dieses komplexe System zu untersuchen passen wir das innenpolitische Regulierungsmodell der "New Governance" an den internationalen Rahmen an. Die "Transna</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f8f390b5518b0abc890c9e17b2e81a64" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67293926,"asset_id":48885708,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67293926/download_file?st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDA3Mjk4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48885708"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48885708"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48885708; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48885708]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48885708]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48885708; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='48885708']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48885708, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f8f390b5518b0abc890c9e17b2e81a64" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=48885708]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":48885708,"title":"1. 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To analyze this complex system, we adapt the domestic \"New Governance\" model of regulation to the international setting. \"Transnational New Governance\" potentially provides many benefits of New Governance and is particularly suitable for international regulation because it demands less of states and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). However, Transnational New Governance does require states and IGOs to act as orchestrators of the international regulatory system, and that system currently suffers from a significant orchestration deficit. If states and IGOs expanded \"directive\" and especially \"facilitative\" orchestration of the Transnational New Governance system, they could strengthen high-quality private regulatory standards, improve the international regulatory system, and better achieve their own regulatory goals. Ein internationales regulatorisches System neuer Art entsteht derzeit spontan aus dem Versagen der internationalen \"Old Governance\"-also der bestehenden internationalen Verträge und Organisationen-dabei, den internationalen Handel angemessen zu regulieren. Nichtregierungsorganisationen, Unternehmen und andere Akteure-allein und in ganz neuen Kombinationen-schaffen sich neue internationale Einrichtungen, um transnationale Normen auf internationale Geschäftstätigkeit anzuwenden. Es geht dabei vornehmlich um private Einrichtungen, die vor allem über freiwillige Standardbefolgung wirken. In diesem Beitrag werden die unterschiedlichen Regulierungseinrichtungen als Teil eines \"Governance Dreiecks\" beschreiben und das geschieht vor allem in Blick darauf, welche Rollen die unterschiedlichen Akteure in ihrer Tätigkeit spielen. Um dieses komplexe System zu untersuchen passen wir das innenpolitische Regulierungsmodell der \"New Governance\" an den internationalen Rahmen an. 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If states and IGOs expanded \"directive\" and especially \"facilitative\" orchestration of the Transnational New Governance system, they could strengthen high-quality private regulatory standards, improve the international regulatory system, and better achieve their own regulatory goals. Ein internationales regulatorisches System neuer Art entsteht derzeit spontan aus dem Versagen der internationalen \"Old Governance\"-also der bestehenden internationalen Verträge und Organisationen-dabei, den internationalen Handel angemessen zu regulieren. Nichtregierungsorganisationen, Unternehmen und andere Akteure-allein und in ganz neuen Kombinationen-schaffen sich neue internationale Einrichtungen, um transnationale Normen auf internationale Geschäftstätigkeit anzuwenden. Es geht dabei vornehmlich um private Einrichtungen, die vor allem über freiwillige Standardbefolgung wirken. 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