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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the album by New Order, see <a href="/wiki/Low-Life" title="Low-Life">Low-Life</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Low_Life_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Low Life (disambiguation)">Low Life (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Low-life" title="Special:EditPage/Low-life">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Low-life%22">"Low-life"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Low-life%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Low-life%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Low-life%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Low-life%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Low-life%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Low-life</b> (plural: <i>low-lifes</i>) (or <b>lowlife</b>) is a term for a person who is considered morally unacceptable by their <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">community</a>. Examples of people typically referred to as <i>low-life</i> include <a href="/wiki/Aggressive_panhandling" title="Aggressive panhandling">aggressive panhandlers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bully" class="mw-redirect" title="Bully">bullies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">criminals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">drug dealers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freeloading" title="Freeloading">freeloaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hobo" title="Hobo">hobos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gangster" title="Gangster">gangsters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sex_offenders" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex offenders">sex offenders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procuring_(prostitution)" title="Procuring (prostitution)">pimps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confidence_trick" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence trick">scammers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">thieves</a>. </p><p>Often, the term is used as an indication of disapproval of <a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour" title="Anti-social behaviour">antisocial</a> or <a href="/wiki/Self-destructive_behavior" title="Self-destructive behavior">self-destructive behaviors</a>, usually bearing a connotation of <a href="/wiki/Contempt" title="Contempt">contempt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derision" class="mw-redirect" title="Derision">derision</a>. This usage of the word dates to 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long-term origins of the ideas behind this in the Western world trace back to ancient times with the distinction of <a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">high culture</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocracy</a> at the top of the social hierarchy who were regarded in aristocrat-dominated society as compared with low culture associated with <a href="/wiki/Commoners" class="mw-redirect" title="Commoners">commoners</a> at the bottom of the social hierarchy that included many impoverished people among them. </p><p>In common usage, the term can also be used for people associated with adhering to <a href="/wiki/Low_culture" title="Low culture">low culture</a>, or used to describe a crass, overly casual person who exhibits a lack of grace and refinement. In this sense, individuals do not necessarily need to be criminally destructive or hold ethically questionable views to qualify for the term. </p><p>Similar terms used for the same type of person include the Australian/New Zealand term <i>feral</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputation">Reputation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-life&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Reputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upwardly mobile members of an ethnic group, committed to schooling, education and employment prospects, will often reject low-lifes who instead opt (willingly or unwillingly) for street or gang life.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attraction">Attraction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-life&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attraction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lure of the low-life for those in established social strata has been a perennial feature of western history: it can be traced from the <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Neronian</a> aristocrat described by <a href="/wiki/Juvenal" title="Juvenal">Juvenal</a> as only at home in stables and taverns–"you'll find him near a gangster, cheek by jowl, mingling with <a href="/wiki/Lascar" title="Lascar">lascars</a>, thieves and convicts on the run"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–through the Elizabethan interest in <a href="/wiki/Cony-catching" class="mw-redirect" title="Cony-catching">cony-catching</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up to <a href="/wiki/William_Burroughs" class="mw-redirect" title="William Burroughs">William Burroughs</a>' obsession with the <a href="/wiki/Hobo" title="Hobo">hobo</a>, bum, or urban outlaw,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and through to the anti-heroes of <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such interest may have a sexual component, based on the subconscious equation of socially low status with lack of inhibitions,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as with the Roman ladies described by <a href="/wiki/Petronius" title="Petronius">Petronius</a>: "Some women get heated up over the very dregs and can't feel any passion unless... among the lowest of the low".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-life&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=low-life&searchmode=phrase">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fsearch%3Dlow-life%26searchmode%3Dphrase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-life" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples of this usage can be found in such articles as Braunias, S.,. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/steve-braunias-the-rise-of-anti-jacinda-ardern-ferals-fake-news-and-its-advocates/V6DGEZWOUSEAJ2J6HDF6TWCWAA/">The rise of anti-Jacinda Ardern ferals, fake news and its advocates</a>", (New Zealand Herald, 16 July 2022, retrieved 27 September 2022) and "Furthermore, by refusing to condemn her Transport Minister for calling the protesters a "river of filth", or the Speaker for describing them as "the biggest collection of ferals that I've seen", Jacinda Ardern had clearly learned nothing from the 2016 US Presidential Primary, when <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> alienated voters with her conceited description of grassroot Americans as "deplorables".", in Newman, M., "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzcpr.com/new-zealand-turns-sinister/">New Zealand turns sinister</a>", (New Zealand Centre for Political Research, 3 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Flores-Gonzales, <i>School Kids/Street Kids</i> (2002) p. 107-11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert Highet, <i>Juvenal the Satirist</i> (1962) p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Ford ed., <i>The Age of Shakespeare</i> (1973) p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Campbell, <i>This is the Beat Generation</i> (1999) p. 6 and p. 39-41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Lovink, <i>Uncanny Networks</i> (2004) p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Otto Fenichel, <i>The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis</i> (1946) p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Petronius, <i>The Satyricon</i> (1986) p. 142</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-life&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Luc Sante, <i>Low Life: Lures and Snares of Old New York</i> (2003)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-life&oldid=1251173548">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-life&oldid=1251173548</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pejorative_terms_for_people" title="Category:Pejorative terms for people">Pejorative terms for people</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2020" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2020">Articles needing additional references from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 October 2024, at 19:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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