CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136fd515a14834e',cH: 'tWYxkjHJR17HUpGp9UVyxUKdESoDHv2bdA2UL8f8qEA-1739808018-1.2.1.1-pwfmZF1mXS3iOmW.rd.FhW1A8Fm7uFMJXMXfdlaWvtTV92Q4yBldh4DLKMks7ILz',cUPMDTk: "\/15143\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=EqeCFzhQRCoBsK9zhsxV6il12eNK45ZZBVu4.WCymLY-1739808018-1.0.1.1-8PRtzTT_wS_CnbheMUgSlM1uGCxEAHvcOi._A.fZYR8",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739808018',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/15143\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=EqeCFzhQRCoBsK9zhsxV6il12eNK45ZZBVu4.WCymLY-1739808018-1.0.1.1-8PRtzTT_wS_CnbheMUgSlM1uGCxEAHvcOi._A.fZYR8",md: "PcnlAt4pqKrJ_IeoqgjD3AeKTKYGdQuKf71VJoHesec-1739808018-1.2.1.1-wCsdGI4jFb4jGrQHo_x_5dLEitVkNtCPomoJW1XSYJl_i8DdQvGf9prKvpqSVf_VVzzkiuvvEtZmYIV14k5KVLjXLki0BbjP0ngvU_5.rqMYKfYUfVk7.3um2Bi5n9jwF.Bvoqfmw_oEPhsAMnokSJ9DFp9YuwbfTFp6ceGt8l9zhrOMgyMlqcHhPSiCQss27pqsitDISjE6IFkuIfPX5gVJwTPn24akb6sx8YMLNhFzWNVo3.EaQfE_ljePIgjJFBFB.2xV7b.PNXwp7sGlPirA95kGnOOOww0bH2m2eIEJKftugu1sU_5e6XX4s_npjFwk2CK.wTCeahjTBC863770nmm5S.IZWVBdU_qwSnhySRE2jdgj3VlgSdxz9PLvNElC9TxlbLk2X0NafEvFDGQ6Oh03GSmoPaVtbS6ROBpK_CPxWpXFu04W4FHscPARi8JpnnUIyHoRa8FYInxv8iGG8PNClsw4MkAVOESAFnq0d13..lUmMOyItS7ncXpVj2xZow2B2lBYkbQc5_.MtiD38rYKBDc4TE5YMn7KAZ0XVz.3EskgeN3.1duHtwtXhFbbzCqTBHyL7QAtJEXgfOW8zVC4XvPRJ1Bjj_ThvVQRVZ7dEMaD4UA.q7QAXrZVTpaypTjRW1lwJT2IgnSSXA2e3yX_lkvJRyHXlI1Tu0JQ9Sv8eH4mz.aIdyQpGtYwzQgtUA4TO_UQXqI8fWVryj4ytMR6NxCZNG2v69UL6ShKd8yESiDiaS5LLd5McCfR8QXh_.EaKXcM0DATz5tQXfCFAaas06ppT6GcgDny8DxxkVAiw5_lKSc05mXd.Dgnp6UfxV2MQ1.IfNclSo53SAMffAjvxZ_fPiGQugUDkQs4CRch1kNMyBGmyX7tx1wY.bPyMZBgMN5BRApHjE1Gw9PgYY4hhN5hocPDg4dDv4gnwy9Zz4niA6v8zBD.QesFdnKCYvVvVQvLlYlaer3PQm4aGNdbTCpwT6VQJ_lfhe143dGFPMB3MWo8gV2moJLQTs0iXKRAFi5U8HKpzC283y.X23faxy2ahSRgDvK0rTAn3f5.Q.vra.ujpolD9209A8Oou8PTSeE0mI_MUf78T0KCIP.bfASvozQWDl7T1CH7FDU.nOtkB4NOU6_sq1rho0hdd5yfxbeUhjw9SOlYmdMkPm0QZXPb_IfHqhoIdXSDcqhsXrDlprcO_pUEnQwz9_2qQE_HGXrK83Opm09Nx2Jv1emL41ho8xibWB2erIALLt5hpO7xqkfoI4Qi26KZABXPECGy76X0Z7zD5s3y93Ywlg6eLPLxVtE2G0lWI5uNOkInZK46DAoiA_s65s5J7Zmw8HM6AfUjSFQ.Z03mHfDyiw0Bsa0LAbuPU5n24o08miG4_XtmIwC4wxeOFevMZMrrYq6cukG2wcHs_8ru6hEyOxLUMptm4HfyfHQsuoRp25pnE6iXNCLb..eTWnEqNyQ_v2R1MXTaJo8rl8gbXX0cQtvZuUMBmp9ABjqWxq63FTLb7951xgUBFnCdPlkLRRiNVvgDggGPSpkEVr82fqNDa0ozJmlm3Q3BRN.aSBzyGR4XtFrgtVmNEvjGn4Pf0igyGlbVIiYMm4DVTKObGXmP8RCSMP2Zsuq.KoqUFnAW5nqWjZnye1ZnoVgzMt2LKqE8EmjNU.clW4A_qQkKbfVGaVtV.kM0FUcDYVBlfi8ulOSRLUiRPXZEJVATnVHnEcj2Qd7yxxL.ywdK0UJFoz3zo3bHy9hJEJntk0h3Z0xAQpSDdsHTrVRJ33O.KKNI9FhmC74j62hQSF4OqN7LAJ8CcZnRdJdXAl77hjx7Y2eoAkVyQNm61tvKummjTBS_Q8KJ4J4MwBioJ5WBjVHZ1tVzEefU2Xw69gANVz2LCP4",mdrd: "0Rc2ATFc9g29qOqVhUifPJnhHa9xc5PQ3IR8ceAVfmc-1739808018-1.2.1.1-tnf_A3YFFMolHgZov0nbBMB6BGuCt9Hf5TJkfQjG_bvbjvhRLAnbgrvLMFiol1qLTxyP.sUx48gno3KbtlO.z9XZFqz_AFoeU9Ctx6KHVU9KfWmKmRdVzup.rHBiiLYItPBkdKTpBhsyGbVKIdXbhBp99gFj4o_RbuTybU0Kvg_3MTRss49XZHXh3ouU4qufy5422uok5FyAyE1_.sN1_yiWgt3PR7.73O.lZK0ng8xWIJarSWD68AI1zyGcJ_l7Je4HpYKi.AiEQjPTPLgj7yTm81NjfTsDWiKAcL9o0KlLsg5RVaVYsdyXMbgEeKasEcZnV.TRSnLj4qdWthkd69HdOGg8i5BJ7LRvWi5ZAMsUS5C945_DFqRBpevhf.q9DGAfZO.E746onSGpYg_.IMRNt7rF2IUobcsmAtGEOg7PjveQjJoIHMNH7R6n1Mw5jmJ4B5TT8efkcOdH2j7_VMhwzvMOkxONeaatIU4PHkSle.nJCRFDHlDeBEokAiYG51QG0203ilq3Xbyb5XoNl56MO7aFmkV1gU5y89UxRJ64As2_uzn1j143lplCsuKiaze3cTmrzTf7rkgLNA4rLhMzWdQeYBkWk_Yxi1uK3JwQFrVpkbAsaWc1iP3WkBbzVt1fZEA0rA5lfha0cyMSyLNfv7vG7poGVYZkfbPnIVZgTJi_WZrW.K.PErn71u2SO8xvgQpJnHCT3_9O._np2qg73XbSTb4GdZrklj495Z4xJzVoePOqmAYbxfByworBIYGdbimcBYesMR03HgYweD983VDIISfnp1b2fsTbBgc_QRsJTahslC405tNY96gey.Qfb3Ec7xFwuhjD72d4z5KVnTubCv02fQxdNCmJgBvGJfiypgz4hr0Yb._AYsS3wqZVzsl6XFkaYKJTd2NPV85GNg3.mE_O129qQnZf1M44Osn.zkfHN_KFSlAc9oAJjslQ1mCsnuxxkN9Oh.9fp.GZ2_vNgn5V.szKQDlcSSba1lhP7sq3SMuBQ_FoaEjkIdBSDyfz5O.EiSaIu5wh_1WWYSOo5xOw0fDGQc8kPQqSXy8C1JXr0DAg8W1YVC_C62PGYdO9EuMfs94BMCKBbmqPDoD5uTdwkDmY5FudfgYays.nGlVrNE.37fUBTEZQdnwOF0awhU0qg4JzY3HJ5g.VZtDUd2cZ7HHHr67M.AALJELapkpfbvmS.Fkd.TYEmZBI_YYIt0256wvbp2_rvXvmZF699c4SO7bCMyFrSjzd1GKm0OoZIeSKWFyQbgHUf_ZEVN3by.ogy2_mj7Lxsq38AIjx6.BoH_EHYwQPNjQuVy9ieW76lCAuH0dfvbyz4CxggDCwI9MuhpdN6fR0wYNplYuWbworMsu1tRRyEZxkCncI3B5DapnLPdm8kMeKY9KiuW.KQ0ONulh4V7al4y5bJZ8Bbv8NS9e3LzSpYK8QNHL.NjwGXKQuHLQJv67HZTg0YDqpj7Psc7n8NOr8uqK1AvTuiMZ4sHtcA.ePvU.3tTySGX4.mI0qcWhDst8JweOoDMVHKN0KX_phzK9DxYNb7s07Zc5awHVofmSuQFxMzEB2XjfFJ8FotXPdfanr6JIhw.c5EUyTIVPNH5UyMjUBE.S8NY7xG9ivXx5rnlvMwu7f9z4KphVGIRmp.AM59Hll92IJRZ8tGS1QMr.fKgkAps55HfbKcI6TJeLbZm7aYxEVoquHLdFve0LcgRFAkViVN_eADAyRtSgyvQiXgV58bSRHq5Q7uHnSNU5V2Jf6v8T_faVp.xWHCW96G.AT4bcIMjZSNhu74Q7VRsG_0lyRAQmbtDb.GYVENhjB4Bk8m43v1ytzGyzcDwb.iB98RkiXLN6xCGDGemV6JwFNhw3TROtluEP_YIbiuWL6YOvi.d52xrFhzXq7Rrc_tVXfUI6tL_jq9aVNg.fN7Zo3o4SVNshTOFNNKd5kmgVbjGODiOFZRGdfE2IL4AtKYNCH0tJoM3wJo3uTEH6Tx4Eo4w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136fd515a14834e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/15143\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=EqeCFzhQRCoBsK9zhsxV6il12eNK45ZZBVu4.WCymLY-1739808018-1.0.1.1-8PRtzTT_wS_CnbheMUgSlM1uGCxEAHvcOi._A.fZYR8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>