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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Jazyk </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Prihl%C3%A1seniePou%C5%BE%C3%ADvate%C4%BEa&returnto=Rusko&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Sledovať </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Upraviť </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div id="Vorlage_BK" class="toccolours" style="border-width:0 0 1px 0; text-align: left; font-size: 95%; vertical-align: middle; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Disambig.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Symbol rozcestia"><img alt="Symbol rozcestia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183"></a> O iných významoch výrazu Rusko pozri <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko_(rozli%C5%A1ovacia_str%C3%A1nka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Rusko (rozlišovacia stránka)">Rusko (rozlišovacia stránka)</a>. </div> Rusko (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">rus.</a> Россия – Rossija), dlhý tvar Ruská federácia (RF; <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">rus.</a> Российская федерация – Rossijskaja federacija), je transkontinentálna krajina rozprestierajúca sa na území <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%A1_Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Východná Európa">východnej Európy</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severná Ázia">severnej Ázie</a>. Ide o <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_rozlohy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa rozlohy">najväčší štát na svete</a>, ktorého medzinárodne uznané územie má rozlohu 17 098 246 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0tvorcov%C3%BD_kilometer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Štvorcový kilometer">km²</a> a zahŕňa jednu osminu obývateľnej pevniny <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zem">Zeme</a>. Rusko sa rozprestiera v jedenástich <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Casov%C3%A9_p%C3%A1smo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Časové pásmo">časových pásmach</a> a má spoločné pozemné hranice so štrnástimi krajinami,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> čo je viac ako ktorákoľvek iná krajina okrem <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čína">Číny</a>. Je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_po%C4%8Dtu_obyvate%C4%BEov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa počtu obyvateľov">deviatou najľudnatejšou krajinou sveta</a> a najľudnatejšou krajinou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európy</a>. Má 146 miliónov obyvateľov. Hlavným a najväčším mestom Ruska je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a>, najväčšie mesto Európy podľa počtu obyvateľov. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrad</a> je kultúrnym centrom krajiny a druhým najväčším mestom Ruska. Medzi ďalšie veľké mestské oblasti patria <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novosibirsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jekaterinburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jekaterinburg">Jekaterinburg</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ni%C5%BEn%C3%BD_Novgorod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nižný Novgorod">Nižný Novgorod</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaza%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazaň">Kazaň</a>. <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 23em; font-size: 89%; text-align:left;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="summary" style="font-size: 120%; text-align: center">Ruská federácia</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Flag_of_Russia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlajka Ruska"><img alt="Vlajka Ruska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Štátny znak Ruska"><img alt="Štátny znak Ruska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/105px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="517"></a></td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 89%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vlajka_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vlajka Ruska">Vlajka</a></td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0t%C3%A1tny_znak_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Štátny znak Ruska">Znak</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 89%;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tnych_hymien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátnych hymien">Štátna hymna</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gosudarstvennyj_gimn_Rossijskoj_Federacii?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gosudarstvennyj gimn Rossijskoj Federacii">Gosudarstvennyj gimn Rossijskoj Federacii</a> (Štátna hymna Ruskej federácie) <center> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="82" data-mwtitle="National_Anthem_of_Russia_(2000),_instrumental,_one_verse.ogg" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_instrumental%2C_one_verse.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_instrumental%2C_one_verse.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio> </center></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Russian_Federation_(orthographic_projection)_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg/260px-Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Russian_Federation_%2528orthographic_projection%2529_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg/390px-Russian_Federation_%2528orthographic_projection%2529_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Russian_Federation_%2528orthographic_projection%2529_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg/520px-Russian_Federation_%2528orthographic_projection%2529_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="537"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;;">Miestny názov</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0;"> • dlhý</td> <td style="border: 0;">Российская Федерация</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0;"> • krátky</td> <td style="border: 0;">Россия</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_hlavn%C3%BDch_miest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam hlavných miest">Hlavné mesto</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> 55°45′ s.š. 37°37′ v.d.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Najväčšie mesto</td> <td>Moskva</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Aradn%C3%BD_jazyk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Úradný jazyk">Úradné jazyky</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">ruština</a> v jednotlivých subjektoch ďalšie jazyky</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demonym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusi">Rus, Ruska</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tneho_zriadenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa štátneho zriadenia">Štátne zriadenie</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prezident?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prezident">Prezident</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Predseda_vl%C3%A1dy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Predseda vlády">Predseda vlády</a></td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Feder%C3%A1cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federácia">federatívna</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poloprezidentsk%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poloprezidentská republika">poloprezidentská republika</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Putin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Mi%C5%A1ustin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Vladimirovič Mišustin">Michail Mišustin</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">Vznik</td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25._december?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25. december">25. december</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a> (premenovanie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_sovietska_federat%C3%ADvna_socialistick%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská sovietska federatívna socialistická republika">Ruskej SFSR</a> na Ruskú federáciu) <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26._december?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26. december">26. december</a> 1991 (rozpad <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">ZSSR</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Susedia</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%B3rsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nórsko">Nórsko</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%ADnsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fínsko">Fínsko</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Est%C3%B3nsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estónsko">Estónsko</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loty%C5%A1sko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lotyšsko">Lotyšsko</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litva">Litva</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C4%BEsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poľsko">Poľsko</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bielorusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bielorusko">Bielorusko</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrajina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajina</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gruz%C3%ADnsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gruzínsko">Gruzínsko</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azerbajdžan">Azerbajdžan</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kazachstan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstan</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolsko">Mongolsko</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čína">Čína</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B3rejsk%C3%A1_%C4%BEudovodemokratick%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika">KĽDR</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spojené štáty">USA</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_rozlohy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa rozlohy">Rozloha</a>  • celková  • voda (%)</td> <td>  17 098 246 km² (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_rozlohy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa rozlohy">1</a>.)   720 500 km² (13 %)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_po%C4%8Dtu_obyvate%C4%BEov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa počtu obyvateľov">Počet obyvateľov</a>  • sčítanie (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021">2021</a>)  • <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hustota_za%C4%BEudnenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hustota zaľudnenia">hustota</a> (2022)</td> <td>  144 699 673 (okrem <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krym_(republika)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krym (republika)">Krymu</a>) 8,4/km² (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_hustoty_obyvate%C4%BEstva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa hustoty obyvateľstva">181</a>.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hrub%C3%BD_dom%C3%A1ci_produkt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hrubý domáci produkt">HDP</a>  • celkový  • na hlavu (PKS)</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a> ▲ 2,133 bilióna $ (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_hrub%C3%A9ho_dom%C3%A1ceho_produktu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa hrubého domáceho produktu">6</a>.) ▲ 31 967 $ (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_hrub%C3%A9ho_dom%C3%A1ceho_produktu_v_prepo%C4%8Dte_na_jedn%C3%A9ho_obyvate%C4%BEa_v_parite_k%C3%BApnej_sily?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa hrubého domáceho produktu v prepočte na jedného obyvateľa v parite kúpnej sily">59</a>.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Index_%C4%BEudsk%C3%A9ho_rozvoja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Index ľudského rozvoja">Index ľudského rozvoja</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021">2021</a>)</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">0,821 (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_HDI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoznam štátov podľa HDI">56</a>.) – veľmi vysoký</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pe%C5%88a%C5%BEn%C3%A1_jednotka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peňažná jednotka">Mena</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%BD_rube%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruský rubeľ">ruský rubeľ</a> (=100 kopejok) (RUB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Casov%C3%A9_p%C3%A1smo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Časové pásmo">Časové pásmo</a>  • <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Letn%C3%BD_%C4%8Das?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letný čas">Letný čas</a></td> <td>(<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svetov%C3%BD_%C4%8Das?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svetový čas">UTC</a>+2 až +12) (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svetov%C3%BD_%C4%8Das?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svetový čas">UTC</a>+3 až +13)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-1">Medzinárodný kód</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">RUS / RU</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pozn%C3%A1vacia_zna%C4%8Dka_(medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poznávacia značka (medzinárodná)">Medzinárodná poznávacia značka</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">RUS</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_internetov%C3%BDch_dom%C3%A9n_najvy%C5%A1%C5%A1ej_%C3%BArovne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam internetových domén najvyššej úrovne">Internetová doména</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.ru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".ru">.ru</a> (rezervovaná aj doména <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.su?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".su">.su</a>), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=.%D1%80%D1%84&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title=".рф (stránka neexistuje)">.рф</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_smerov%C3%BDch_telef%C3%B3nnych_%C4%8D%C3%ADsiel_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam smerových telefónnych čísiel štátov">Smerové telefónne číslo</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">+7</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zemepisn%C3%A9_s%C3%BAradnice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zemepisné súradnice">Súradnice</a>: <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename%3DRusko%26language%3Dsk%26params%3D66.416666666667_N_94.25_E_type:country">66°25′00″S 94°15′00″V / 66,416666666667°S 94,25°V / 66.416666666667; 94.25</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%AD_Slovania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Východní Slovania">Východní Slovania</a> sa ako rozpoznateľná <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etnick%C3%A1_skupina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etnická skupina">etnická skupina</a> objavili v Európe medzi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3. storočie">3.</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8. storočie">8. storočím</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po_Kristovi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Po Kristovi">n. l.</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyjevská Rus">Kyjevská Rus</a> vznikla ako štát v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9. storočie">9. storočí</a> a v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/988?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="988">988</a> prijala od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Byzantská ríša">Byzantskej ríše</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pravosl%C3%A1vna_cirkev_(v%C3%BDchodn%C3%A1_Eur%C3%B3pa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pravoslávna cirkev (východná Európa)">pravoslávne kresťanstvo</a>. Rus sa nakoniec rozpadla a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskovsk%C3%A9_ve%C4%BEkoknie%C5%BEatstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskovské veľkokniežatstvo">Moskovské veľkokniežatstvo</a> sa rozrástlo na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A9_c%C3%A1rstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruské cárstvo">Ruské cárstvo</a>. Do začiatku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18. storočie">18. storočia</a> sa územie Ruska značne rozšírilo prostredníctvom dobývania, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anexia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anexia">anexií</a> a úsilia ruských objaviteľov a vyvinulo sa do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská ríša">Ruského impéria</a>, ktoré je dodnes treťou najväčšou ríšou v histórii. Po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia_(1917)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská revolúcia (1917)">ruskej revolúcii</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1917">1917</a> však bola <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarchia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarchia">monarchia</a> v Rusku zrušená a nahradená <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_sovietska_federat%C3%ADvna_socialistick%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská sovietska federatívna socialistická republika">Ruskou socialistickou federatívnou sovietskou republikou</a> – prvým <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialistick%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialistický štát">socialistickým štátom</a> na svete. Po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_ob%C4%8Dianska_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská občianska vojna">ruskej občianskej vojne</a> založila Ruská socialistická federatívna sovietska republika s ďalšími tromi sovietskymi republikami <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">Sovietsky zväz</a>, v rámci ktorého bolo Rusko najväčšou a hlavnou republikou. Na úkor miliónov životov Sovietsky zväz v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30. roky 20. storočia">30. rokoch 20. storočia</a> prešiel rýchlou industrializáciou a neskôr zohral rozhodujúcu úlohu pre <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojenci_(druh%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spojenci (druhá svetová vojna)">Spojencov</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Druhá svetová vojna">druhej svetovej vojne</a>, keď viedol rozsiahle vojnové úsilie na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%BD_front_(druh%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Východný front (druhá svetová vojna)">východnom fronte</a> proti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacistick%C3%A9_Nemecko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacistické Nemecko">nacistickému Nemecku</a>. S nástupom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Studen%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Studená vojna">studenej vojny</a> súperil so <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spojené štáty">Spojenými štátmi</a> o globálny ideologický vplyv. Sovietska éra <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. storočie">20. storočia</a> bola tiež svedkom niektorých najvýznamnejších ruských technologických úspechov vrátane <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sputnik_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sputnik 1">prvej družice vyrobenej človekom</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vostok_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vostok 1">prvého letu človeka do vesmíru</a>. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a> vznikla po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rozpad_Sovietskeho_zv%C3%A4zu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rozpad Sovietskeho zväzu">rozpade Sovietskeho zväzu</a> nezávislá Ruská federácia. Bola prijatá nová ústava a odvtedy je Rusko spravované ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Feder%C3%A1cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federácia">federatívna</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poloprezidentsk%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poloprezidentská republika">poloprezidentská republika</a>. Od prelomu 20. a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21. storočie">21. storočia</a> dominuje ruskému politickému systému <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Putin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Vladimirovič Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, za ktorého vlády krajina zaznamenala ústup od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demokracia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demokracia">demokracie</a> a posun k <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autoritarizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autoritarizmus">autoritárstvu</a>. Rusko sa vojensky angažovalo vo viacerých postsovietskych štátoch, čo zahŕňalo medzinárodne neuznanú anexiu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krym_(republika)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krym (republika)">Krymu</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014">2014</a> od susednej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrajina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajiny</a> a jej štyroch ďalších regiónov v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a> počas <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_inv%C3%A1zia_na_Ukrajinu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská invázia na Ukrajinu">prebiehajúcej invázie</a>. V medzinárodných rebríčkoch sa Rusko umiestňuje na nízkych priečkach v meraní <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%BDudsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1va?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ľudské práva">ľudských práv</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sloboda_slova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sloboda slova">slobody tlače</a>. Krajina má tiež vysokú mieru vnímanej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korupcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korupcia">korupcie</a>. V celosvetovom rebríčku je ruská ekonomika <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_hrub%C3%A9ho_dom%C3%A1ceho_produktu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa hrubého domáceho produktu">deviata najväčšia podľa nominálneho HDP</a> a šiesta najväčšia podľa HDP v parite kúpnej sily. Rusko vlastní najväčší arzenál <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jadrov%C3%A1_zbra%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jadrová zbraň">jadrových zbraní</a> a má piate najvyššie vojenské výdavky. Jeho zdroje nerastných a energetických surovín sú najväčšie na svete a v ťažbe <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ropa">ropy</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zemn%C3%BD_plyn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zemný plyn">zemného plynu</a> je v celosvetovom meradle na vysokej úrovni. Krajina je stálym členom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bezpe%C4%8Dnostn%C3%A1_rada_Organiz%C3%A1cie_Spojen%C3%BDch_n%C3%A1rodov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bezpečnostná rada Organizácie Spojených národov">Bezpečnostnej rady OSN</a>, členským štátom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G20?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G20">G20</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0anghajsk%C3%A1_organiz%C3%A1cia_spolupr%C3%A1ce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Šanghajská organizácia spolupráce">ŠOS</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BRICS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BRICS">BRICS</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81zijsko-tichomorsk%C3%A1_hospod%C3%A1rska_spolupr%C3%A1ca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ázijsko-tichomorská hospodárska spolupráca">APEC</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiz%C3%A1cia_pre_bezpe%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5_a_spolupr%C3%A1cu_v_Eur%C3%B3pe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizácia pre bezpečnosť a spoluprácu v Európe">OBSE</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svetov%C3%A1_obchodn%C3%A1_organiz%C3%A1cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svetová obchodná organizácia">WTO</a> a vedúcim členským štátom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spolo%C4%8Denstvo_nez%C3%A1visl%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spoločenstvo nezávislých štátov">SNŠ</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiz%C3%A1cia_Zmluvy_o_kolekt%C3%ADvnej_bezpe%C4%8Dnosti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizácia Zmluvy o kolektívnej bezpečnosti">OZKB</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%A1zijsk%C3%A1_ekonomick%C3%A1_%C3%BAnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurázijská ekonomická únia">EAEU</a>. V Rusku sa nachádza 30 pamiatok <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svetov%C3%A9_dedi%C4%8Dstvo_UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svetové dedičstvo UNESCO">svetového dedičstva UNESCO</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="sk" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Obsah</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#P%C3%B4vod_n%C3%A1zvu">1 Pôvod názvu</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dejiny">2 Dejiny</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geografia">3 Geografia</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hranice">3.1 Hranice</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hranice_po_s%C3%BA%C5%A1i">3.1.1 Hranice po súši</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-6"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hranica_s_Kazachstanom">3.1.1.1 Hranica s Kazachstanom</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-7"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hranica_s_%C4%8C%C3%ADnou">3.1.1.2 Hranica s Čínou</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-8"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hranica_s_Mongolskom">3.1.1.3 Hranica s Mongolskom</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-9"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hranica_s_K%C4%BDDR">3.1.1.4 Hranica s KĽDR</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hranice_po_mori">3.1.2 Hranice po mori</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-11"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Severn%C3%A1_hranica">3.1.2.1 Severná hranica</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-12"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Z%C3%A1padn%C3%A1_hranica">3.1.2.2 Západná hranica</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-13"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hranica_Azovsk%C3%A9ho_mora">3.1.2.3 Hranica Azovského mora</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-14"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hranica_Baltsk%C3%A9ho_a_Azovsko-%C4%8Diernomorsk%C3%A9ho_%C3%BAmoria">3.1.2.4 Hranica Baltského a Azovsko-čiernomorského úmoria</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-15"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hrani%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_pr%C3%ADstavy_Ruska">3.1.2.5 Hraničné prístavy Ruska</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Najvzdialenej%C5%A1ie_body_Ruska">3.2 Najvzdialenejšie body Ruska</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Povrch">3.3 Povrch</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Polostrovy">3.3.1 Polostrovy</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Podnebie">3.4 Podnebie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vodstvo">3.5 Vodstvo</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Moria">3.5.1 Moria</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jazer%C3%A1">3.5.2 Jazerá</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rieky">3.5.3 Rieky</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geol%C3%B3gia">4 Geológia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Obyvate%C4%BEstvo">5 Obyvateľstvo</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#N%C3%A1rodnostn%C3%A9_zlo%C5%BEenie_obyvate%C4%BEstva">5.1 Národnostné zloženie obyvateľstva</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jazyky">5.2 Jazyky</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vierovyznanie">5.3 Vierovyznanie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C5%A0kolstvo">5.4 Školstvo</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zdravotn%C3%A1_starostlivos%C5%A5">5.5 Zdravotná starostlivosť</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#S%C3%ADdla">5.6 Sídla</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politika">6 Politika</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C5%A0t%C3%A1tne_zriadenie">6.1 Štátne zriadenie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vo%C4%BEby_do_Ruskej_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tnej_dumy_v_roku_2003">6.2 Voľby do Ruskej štátnej dumy v roku 2003</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vo%C4%BEby_do_Ruskej_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tnej_dumy_v_roku_2007">6.3 Voľby do Ruskej štátnej dumy v roku 2007</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Administrat%C3%ADvne_rozdelenie">6.4 Administratívne rozdelenie</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zmeny_v_roku_2014">6.4.1 Zmeny v roku 2014</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zahrani%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_vz%C5%A5ahy">6.5 Zahraničné vzťahy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ozbrojen%C3%A9_sily">6.6 Ozbrojené sily</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C4%BDudsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1va_a_korupcia">6.7 Ľudské práva a korupcia</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ekonomika">7 Ekonomika</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Doprava_a_energetika">7.1 Doprava a energetika</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Po%C4%BEnohospod%C3%A1rstvo_a_rybolov">7.2 Poľnohospodárstvo a rybolov</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Veda_a_technika">7.3 Veda a technika</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-45"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kozmonautika">7.3.1 Kozmonautika</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cestovn%C3%BD_ruch">7.4 Cestovný ruch</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kult%C3%BAra">8 Kultúra</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sviatky">8.1 Sviatky</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Umenie_a_architekt%C3%BAra">8.2 Umenie a architektúra</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hudba">8.3 Hudba</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Literat%C3%BAra_a_filozofia">8.4 Literatúra a filozofia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kuchy%C5%88a">8.5 Kuchyňa</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Masm%C3%A9di%C3%A1_a_kinematografia">8.6 Masmédiá a kinematografia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C5%A0port">8.7 Šport</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referencie">9 Referencie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pozri_aj">10 Pozri aj</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#In%C3%A9_projekty">11 Iné projekty</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Extern%C3%A9_odkazy">12 Externé odkazy</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Pôvod_názvu">Pôvod názvu</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pôvod názvu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Slovo ruský (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Starorusk%C3%BD_jazyk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Staroruský jazyk">starorusky</a>: русьскыи) je utvorené od slova rus (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: русь) prebratého od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anti">východných Slovanov</a>. Týmto slovom nazývali východoslovanský štát <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyjevská Rus">Kyjevskú Rus</a> – niekedy však aj <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyjevská Rus">Kyjevská zem</a> – (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Киевская земля), aby ju rozlíšili od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novgorodsk%C3%A1_zem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorodská zem">Novgorodskej zeme</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rostovsko-suzda%C4%BEsk%C3%A9_knie%C5%BEatstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostovsko-suzdaľské kniežatstvo">Rostovsko-suzdaľského kniežatstva</a>. V byzantských kronikách sa okrem základu slova s „u“ (russ-) spomína aj základ s písmenom „o“ (Rhos, R(h)os). Z tohto variantu pochádza aj konečný názov krajiny – Rusko. Etymológia slova rus nie je dodnes vyriešená, a jej vysvetlenie má korene v mnohých verziách: <ul> <li>Slovo má pôvod v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Staroslovien%C4%8Dina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Staroslovienčina">staroslovienskom jazyku</a> a je odvodené od slova Róþsmenn alebo Róþskarlar (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sloven%C4%8Dina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovenčina">po slovensky</a>: moreplavec), nie však Róþs.</li> <li>Vo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%ADn%C4%8Dina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fínčina">fínčine</a> od slova ruotsi (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sloven%C4%8Dina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovenčina">po slovensky</a>: Švéd, Švédsko).</li> <li>Slovo je odvodené od základu indoárijskeho slova ruksa (russa) čo znamená svetlý alebo biely.</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> Táto téza sa zakladá na skutočnosti, keď väčšina obyvateľov ruskej zeme v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10. storočie">10.</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12. storočie">12. storočí</a> mala v tvári črty škandinávskych národov, aké sa dnes vyskytujú u obyvateľov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%ADnsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fínsko">Fínska</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Švédsko">Švédska</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%B3rsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nórsko">Nórska</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Island">Islandu</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%B3nsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grónsko">Grónska</a>. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>Za pôvod etymológie slova sa pokladá posvätné zviera <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anti">východných Slovanov</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medve%C4%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Medveď">medveď</a> – analogicky z <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin%C4%8Dina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinčina">latinského jazyka</a> (ursus) a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Starogr%C3%A9cky_jazyk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Starogrécky jazyk (stránka neexistuje)">starogréckeho jazyka</a> (αρκτος), ktorého podoba v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Staroslovien%C4%8Dina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Staroslovienčina">staroslovienčine</a> by bola рьсь.</li> <li>Slovo má pôvod v názve ukrajinskej rieky <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ros&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ros (stránka neexistuje)">Ros</a> (pravý prítok rieky <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dneper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dneper">Dneper</a>). Slovo však nemalo na konci písmená „o“ ani „u“ ale nemý zvuk „ъ“.</li> <li>Slovo je odvodené z mena prvého kniežaťa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyjevská Rus">Kyjevskej Rusi</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rurik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Rurik">Rurika</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Dejiny">Dejiny</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Dejiny" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dejiny_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dejiny Ruska">Dejiny Ruska</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Principalities_of_Kievan_Rus%27_(1054-1132).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Principalities_of_Kievan_Rus%27_%281054-1132%29.jpg/220px-Principalities_of_Kievan_Rus%27_%281054-1132%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="1028"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 294px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Principalities_of_Kievan_Rus%27_%281054-1132%29.jpg/220px-Principalities_of_Kievan_Rus%27_%281054-1132%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="294" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Principalities_of_Kievan_Rus%27_%281054-1132%29.jpg/330px-Principalities_of_Kievan_Rus%27_%281054-1132%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Principalities_of_Kievan_Rus%27_%281054-1132%29.jpg/440px-Principalities_of_Kievan_Rus%27_%281054-1132%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Kniežatstvá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyjevská Rus">Kyjevskej Rusi</a> (1054 – 1132) </figcaption> </figure> Periodizácia dejín Ruska: <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dejiny_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%9Azemie_Ruska_(7._storo%C4%8Die_pr._Kr._%E2%80%93_5._storo%C4%8Die)" title="Dejiny Ruska">Územie Ruska pred vytvorením Starej Rusi</a> (7. storočie pr. Kr. – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5. storočie">5. storočie</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dejiny_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Star%C3%A1_Rus_(5._storo%C4%8Die_%E2%80%93_9._storo%C4%8Die)" title="Dejiny Ruska">Stará Rus</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5. storočie">5. storočie</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9. storočie">9. storočie</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyjevská Rus">Kyjevská Rus</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/882?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="882">882</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/862?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="862">862</a>) – (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1132?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1132">1132</a>) <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1125?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1125">1125</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskovsk%C3%A1_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskovská Rus">Moskovské kniežatstvo</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1246?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1246">1246</a> – 14. stor.)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskovsk%C3%A9_ve%C4%BEkoknie%C5%BEatstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskovské veľkokniežatstvo">Moskovské veľkokniežatstvo</a> (14. stor. – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1547?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dejiny_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Moskovsk%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t_a_Rusk%C3%A9_c%C3%A1rstvo_(16._storo%C4%8Die_%E2%80%93_1721)" title="Dejiny Ruska">Ruské cárstvo</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1547?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1547">1547</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1721?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A9_imp%C3%A9rium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruské impérium">Ruské impérium</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1721?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1721">1721</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_sovietska_federat%C3%ADvna_socialistick%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská sovietska federatívna socialistická republika">Ruská sovietska federatívna socialistická republika</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1918?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1918">1918</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1922">1922</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zv%C3%A4z_sovietskych_socialistick%C3%BDch_republ%C3%ADk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zväz sovietskych socialistických republík">Zväz sovietskych socialistických republík</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1922">1922</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li>Ruská federácia (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> </ul> Prvá písomná zmienka o Rusku pochádza z <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10. storočie">10. storočia</a> a je uvedená v staroruských dokumentoch z <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10. storočie">10.</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15. storočie">15. storočia</a> pod názvom Россiя alebo Россiа<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a>. Tento termín, ktorý sa používal od roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1517?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1517">1517</a> označoval iba severovýchodné územie krajiny (t. j. Ruské zeme), ktoré nepatrilo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C4%BEsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poľsko">Poľsku</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dejiny_Litvy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Litovsk%C3%A9_ve%C4%BEkoknie%C5%BEatstvo" title="Dejiny Litvy">Veľkému litovskému kniežatstvu</a>, boli však spojené s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%A9_moskovsk%C3%A9_knie%C5%BEatstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Veľké moskovské kniežatstvo">Veľkým moskovským kniežatstvom</a> do jedného štátu. V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14. storočie">14. storočí</a> sa Ruskom v povedomí západných krajín označovalo územie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskovsk%C3%A1_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskovská Rus">Moskovskej Rusi</a>, ktorého obyvateľmi boli Moskviti. Oficiálny názov štátu – „Rusko“ – zaviedol <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_I._(Rusko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I. (Rusko)">Peter I.</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1721?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1721">1721</a>, keď vytvoril <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A9_imp%C3%A9rium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruské impérium">Ruské impérium</a>. Dňa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1._september?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1. september">1. septembra</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1917">1917</a> bola v Rusku vyhlásená republika, ale fakticky sa ňou stalo už <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3._marec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3. marec">3. marca</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1917">1917</a> po vypuknutí <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Febru%C3%A1rov%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia_1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Februárová revolúcia 1917">februárovej revolúcie</a>. V období od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10._janu%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10. január">10. januára</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1918?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1918">1918</a> do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30._december?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30. december">30. decembra</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1922">1922</a> bolo ruské územie súčasťou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_sovietska_federat%C3%ADvna_socialistick%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská sovietska federatívna socialistická republika">Ruskej sovietskej federatívnej socialistickej republiky</a> a následne <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">Zväzu sovietskych socialistických republík</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30._december?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30. december">30. december</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1922">1922</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25._december?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25. december">25. december</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a>). Dňa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12._j%C3%BAn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12. jún">12. júna</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990</a> poslanci <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Najvy%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%AD_soviet_Ruskej_sovietskej_federat%C3%ADvnej_socialistickej_republiky&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Najvyšší soviet Ruskej sovietskej federatívnej socialistickej republiky (stránka neexistuje)">Najvyššieho sovietu RSFSR</a> prijali <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Deklar%C3%A1cia_o_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tnej_suverenite_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Deklarácia o štátnej suverenite Ruskej federácie (stránka neexistuje)">Deklaráciu o štátnej suverenite Ruskej federácie</a>. Začiatkom decembra (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8._december?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8. december">8. december</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990</a>) sa predstavitelia <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_sovietska_federat%C3%ADvna_socialistick%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská sovietska federatívna socialistická republika">RSFSR</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrajina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajiny</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bielorusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bielorusko">Bieloruska</a> na stretnutí v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bielove%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_rezerv%C3%A1cia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bielovežská rezervácia (stránka neexistuje)">Bielovežskej rezervácii</a> dohodli na spoločnom rozpustení <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zv%C3%A4z_sovietskych_socialistick%C3%BDch_republ%C3%ADk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zväz sovietskych socialistických republík">ZSSR</a> a vytvorení <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spolo%C4%8Denstvo_nez%C3%A1visl%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spoločenstvo nezávislých štátov">Spoločenstva nezávislých štátov</a>. Dňa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25._december?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25. december">25. decembra</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a> zaniknutý štátny útvar <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zv%C3%A4z_sovietskych_socialistick%C3%BDch_republ%C3%ADk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zväz sovietskych socialistických republík">Zväz sovietskych socialistických republík</a> dostal nový názov – Ruská federácia. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Geografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hranice">Hranice</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hranice" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Russia_on_the_globe_(%2Bclaims_hatched)_(Russia_centered).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Russia_on_the_globe_%28%2Bclaims_hatched%29_%28Russia_centered%29.svg/220px-Russia_on_the_globe_%28%2Bclaims_hatched%29_%28Russia_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="805"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Russia_on_the_globe_%28%2Bclaims_hatched%29_%28Russia_centered%29.svg/220px-Russia_on_the_globe_%28%2Bclaims_hatched%29_%28Russia_centered%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Russia_on_the_globe_%28%2Bclaims_hatched%29_%28Russia_centered%29.svg/330px-Russia_on_the_globe_%28%2Bclaims_hatched%29_%28Russia_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Russia_on_the_globe_%28%2Bclaims_hatched%29_%28Russia_centered%29.svg/440px-Russia_on_the_globe_%28%2Bclaims_hatched%29_%28Russia_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Poloha Ruska vo svete </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Rs-map.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Rs-map.png/220px-Rs-map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="323"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 112px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Rs-map.png/220px-Rs-map.png" data-width="220" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Rs-map.png/330px-Rs-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Rs-map.png/440px-Rs-map.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mapa Ruska </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Russian_Federation_Relief_Map.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Russian_Federation_Relief_Map.png/220px-Russian_Federation_Relief_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1896" data-file-height="1080"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Russian_Federation_Relief_Map.png/220px-Russian_Federation_Relief_Map.png" data-width="220" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Russian_Federation_Relief_Map.png/330px-Russian_Federation_Relief_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Russian_Federation_Relief_Map.png/440px-Russian_Federation_Relief_Map.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Topografická mapa Ruska </figcaption> </figure> Rusko hraničí celkovo so 16 krajinami a so 14 po súši: <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> na severozápade </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%B3rsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nórsko">Nórsko</a> (219,1 km, po súši 195,8 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> V dĺžke 152,8 km hranica Ruska a Nórska vedie riekami a jazerami a 23,3 km vedie po mori. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%ADnsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fínsko">Fínsko</a> (1 325,8 km, po súši 1 271,8 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> V dĺžke 180,1 km hranica Ruska a Fínska vedie riekami a jazerami a 54 km vedie po mori. <dl> <dd> na západe </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Est%C3%B3nsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estónsko">Estónsko</a> (466,8 km, po súši 324,8 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> V dĺžke 145 km hranica Ruska a Estónska vedie po mori. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loty%C5%A1sko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lotyšsko">Lotyšsko</a> (270,5 km, po súši 133,3 km)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litva">Litva</a> (288,4 km, po súši 266 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> Hranica s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaliningradsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaliningradská oblasť">Kaliningradskou oblasťou</a> je dlhá 236,1 km a 22,4 km z nej vedie po mori. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C4%BEsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poľsko">Poľsko</a> (236,3 km, po súši 204,1 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> Hranica s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaliningradsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaliningradská oblasť">Kaliningradskou oblasťou</a> je dlhá 0,8 km z toho 32,2 km vedie po mori. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bielorusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bielorusko">Bielorusko</a> (1 239 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> na juhozápade </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrajina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajina</a> (2 245,8 km, po súši 425,6 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> V dĺžke 320 km hranica Ruska a Ukrajiny vedie po mori. <dl> <dd> na juhu </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gruz%C3%ADnsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gruzínsko">Gruzínsko</a> (897,9 km, po súši 875,9 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> V dĺžke 56,1 km hranica Ruska a Gruzínska vedie riekami a jazerami a 22,4 km po mori. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azerbajdžan">Azerbajdžan</a> (350 km, po súši 327,6 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> V dĺžke 55,2 km hranica Ruska a Azerbajdžanu vedie po mori. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kazachstan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstan</a> (7 598,6 km, po súši 7 512,8 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> V dĺžke 1 576,7 km hranica Ruska a Kazachstanu vedie riekami a jazerami a 85,8 km po mori. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolsko">Mongolsko</a> (po súši 3 485 km)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čína">Čína</a> (po súši 4 209,3 km)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B3rejsk%C3%A1_%C4%BEudovodemokratick%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika">Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika</a> (39,4 km)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> V dĺžke 17 km hranica Ruska a KĽDR vedie riekami a jazerami a 22,1 km vedie po mori. <dl> <dd> na východe </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonsko">Japonsko</a> (194,3 km)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Spojené štáty americké">Spojené štáty americké</a> (49 km)</li> </ul> S <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bielorusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bielorusko">Bieloruskom</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolsko">Mongolskom</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čína">Čínou</a> nemá Rusko hranicu vedúcu po vode. Problém súčasných hraníc Ruska s bývalými sovietskymi republikami v medzinárodno-právnom vzťahu ešte nie je skončený. Napríklad hranica medzi Ruskom a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrajina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajinou</a> je doteraz ohraničená, hoci jej určenie bolo zakončené v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006">2006</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Hranice_po_súši">Hranice po súši</h4> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hranice po súši" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Západná suchozemská hranica Ruska sa neviaže k prírodným hraniciam. V časti od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltské more">Baltského</a> do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azovsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azovské more">Azovského mora</a> prechádza obývaným územím. V tejto oblasti hranicu vymedzujú železnice na trase <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrad</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tallinn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Var%C5%A1ava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varšava">Varšava</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyjev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyjev">Kyjev</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charkov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charkov">Charkov</a>. Južná hranica po zemi s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gruz%C3%ADnsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gruzínsko">Gruzínskom</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azerbajdžan">Azerbajdžanom</a> vedie cez hory <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaukaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Kaukaz">Kaukazu</a> od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cierne_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čierne more">Čierneho</a> po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaspick%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaspické more">Kaspické more</a>. Železničná trať v tejto oblasti lemuje brehy morí. Cez strednú časť chrbta vedú dve diaľnice, ktoré sú v zime často zasypané snehom. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Hranica_s_Kazachstanom">Hranica s Kazachstanom</h5> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hranica s Kazachstanom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Hranica s Kazachstanom je najdlhšia hranica Ruska, ktorá vedie po súši. Vedie cez <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zavol%C5%BEie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Zavolžie">Zavolžie</a>, južný <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ural?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Ural">Ural</a> a juh <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sib%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibír">Sibíri</a>. Cez hranicu prechádzajú mnohé železnice smerujúce do strednej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ázia">Ázie</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astrachan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrachan">Astrachan</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Guriev&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Guriev (stránka neexistuje)">Guriev</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saratov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saratov">Saratov</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ura%C4%BEsk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Uraľsk (stránka neexistuje)">Uraľsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orenburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ta%C5%A1kent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taškent">Taškent</a>) a Kazachstanu (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barnaul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barnaul">Barnaul</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alma-Ata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alma-Ata">Alma-Ata</a>). Hranicou prechádza aj malá časť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transsib%C3%ADrska_magistr%C3%A1la?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transsibírska magistrála">Transsibírskej magistrály</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%BEabinsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čeľabinsk">Čeľabinsk</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omsk">Omsk</a>), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stredosib%C3%ADrska_magistr%C3%A1la&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stredosibírska magistrála (stránka neexistuje)">Stredosibírskej</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ju%C5%BEnosib%C3%ADrska_magistr%C3%A1la&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Južnosibírska magistrála (stránka neexistuje)">Južnosibírskej magistrály</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Hranica_s_Čínou">Hranica s Čínou</h5> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hranica s Čínou" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Hranica s Čínou je druhá najdlhšia hranica Ruska. Prechádza riekou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amur_(rieka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amur (rieka)">Amur</a> a jeho prítokom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ussuri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ussuri">Ussuri</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Argun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Argun (stránka neexistuje)">Argun</a>. Stretáva sa s Čínskovýchodnou železnicou, postavenou ešte v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1903?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1903">1903</a> a diaľnicou do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladivostok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostoku</a>, ktorá pokračuje na čínskom území, aby tak mohla čo najkratším možným spôsobom spojiť Ďaleký východ so <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sib%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibír">Sibírou</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Hranica_s_Mongolskom">Hranica s Mongolskom</h5> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hranica s Mongolskom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Prechádza hornou oblasťou južnej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sib%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibír">Sibíri</a> a delí ju Transsibírska magistrála na trase <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulan-Ude?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulan-Ude">Ulan-Ude</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulanb%C3%A1tar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulanbátar">Ulanbátar</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peking">Peking</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Hranica_s_KĽDR">Hranica s KĽDR</h5> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hranica s KĽDR" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Rusko_cesta_do_chasanu.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rusko_cesta_do_chasanu.jpg/220px-Rusko_cesta_do_chasanu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rusko_cesta_do_chasanu.jpg/220px-Rusko_cesta_do_chasanu.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rusko_cesta_do_chasanu.jpg/330px-Rusko_cesta_do_chasanu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rusko_cesta_do_chasanu.jpg/440px-Rusko_cesta_do_chasanu.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Cesta z <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladivostok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostoku</a> do dedinky Chasan v stráženom hraničnom pásme Ruska a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B3rejsk%C3%A1_%C4%BEudovodemokratick%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika">KĽDR</a> </figcaption> </figure> Hranicou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B3rejsk%C3%A1_%C4%BEudovodemokratick%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika">Kórejskej ľudovodemokratickej republiky</a> prechádza železničná trať smerujúca do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pchjongjang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pchjongjang">Pchjongjangu</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Hranice_po_mori">Hranice po mori</h4> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hranice po mori" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Hranicu, ktorá prechádza len morom má Rusko s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Spojené štáty americké">USA</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonsko">Japonskom</a>. Sú to úzke prielivy, ktorými sú rozdelené <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ju%C5%BEn%C3%A9_Kurily&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Južné Kurily (stránka neexistuje)">Južné Kurily</a> od ostrova <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hokkaid%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaidó">Hokkaidó</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ratmonov_ostrov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ratmonov ostrov (stránka neexistuje)">Ratmonov ostrov</a> od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ostrov_Kruzen%C5%A1terna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ostrov Kruzenšterna (stránka neexistuje)">Ostrova Kruzenšterna</a> (tzv. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diomedove_ostrovy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diomedove ostrovy (stránka neexistuje)">Diomedove ostrovy</a>). Celková dĺžka hraníc vedúca po vode je 38 807,5 km. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Severná_hranica">Severná hranica</h5> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Severná hranica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Najdlhšia morská hranica Ruska je dlhá 19 724,1 km a prechádza pobrežím <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severn%C3%BD_%C4%BEadov%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severný ľadový oceán">Severného ľadového oceánu</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barentsovo_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barentsovo more">Barentsovho</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kursk%C3%A9_more&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kurské more (stránka neexistuje)">Kurského</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lapteho_more&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lapteho more (stránka neexistuje)">Lapteho</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%BDchodosib%C3%ADrske_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Východosibírske more">Východosibírskeho</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cutsk%C3%A9_more&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Čutské more (stránka neexistuje)">Čutského mora</a>. Plaviť sa bez ľadoborca sa dá iba pri severných brehoch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolsk%C3%BD_polostrov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolský polostrov">Kolského polostrova</a>. Všetky prístavy, ktoré sa nachádzajú na severe Ruska okrem prístavu v meste <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murmansk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a> sa využívajú iba v letných mesiacoch (2 – 3 mesiace), pretože väčšinu roka sú zamrznuté. Toto je dôvod prečo sa severná hranica Ruska nevyužíva na lodné spojenie s inými krajinami. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Západná_hranica">Západná hranica</h5> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Západná hranica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Druhá najväčšia morská hranica v dĺžke 16 997 km prechádza pobrežím <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tich%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tichý oceán">Tichého oceánu</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beringovo_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beringovo more">Beringovým</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ochotsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ochotské more">Ochotským</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonské more">Japonským morom</a>. Juhovýchodné pobrežie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kam%C4%8Datka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamčatka">Kamčatky</a> sa nachádza bezprostredne pri oceáne. Hlavné nezamŕzajúce prístavy v tejto oblasti sú v mestách <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladivostok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nachodka_(mesto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nachodka (mesto)">Nachodka</a>. Železnica sa k pobrežiu Ruska dostane iba na juhu prímorského kraja v oblasti prístavov v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tat%C3%A1rsky_prieliv&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tatársky prieliv (stránka neexistuje)">Tatárskom prielive</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sovetskaja_Gava%C5%88&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sovetskaja Gavaň (stránka neexistuje)">Sovetskaja Gavaň</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vanino&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vanino (stránka neexistuje)">Vanino</a>). Prímorské oblasti sú tu veľmi riedko osídlené. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Hranica_Azovského_mora">Hranica Azovského mora</h5> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hranica Azovského mora" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Hranica <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azovsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azovské more">Azovského mora</a> prechádza od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Taganrogsk%C3%BD_z%C3%A1liv&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Taganrogský záliv (stránka neexistuje)">Taganrogského zálivu</a> do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ker%C4%8Dsk%C3%BD_prieliv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerčský prieliv">Kerčského prielivu</a>, a potom čiernomorským pobrežím <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaukaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Kaukaz">Kaukazu</a>. Hlavné prístavy na pobreží <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cierne_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čierne more">Čierneho mora</a> sú v mestách <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novorossijsk_(Krasnodarsk%C3%BD_kraj)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novorossijsk (Krasnodarský kraj)">Novorossijsk</a> (najväčší prístav Ruska) a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tuapse&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tuapse (stránka neexistuje)">Tuapse</a>. Známymi prístavmi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azovsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azovské more">Azovského mora</a> sú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ejsk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ejsk (stránka neexistuje)">Ejsk</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taganrog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a>. More je však veľmi plytké, preto tu nie je veľa prístavov. Ďalším problémom je, že pobrežie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azovsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azovské more">Azovského mora</a> na krátku dobu zamŕza a plavba v zimnom období je tu možná iba s ľadoborcami. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Hranica_Baltského_a_Azovsko-čiernomorského_úmoria">Hranica Baltského a Azovsko-čiernomorského úmoria</h5> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hranica Baltského a Azovsko-čiernomorského úmoria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Dĺžka morského pobrežia <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltsk%C3%A9_%C3%BAmorie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Baltské úmorie (stránka neexistuje)">Baltského</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Azovsko-%C4%8Diernomorsk%C3%A9_%C3%BAmorie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Azovsko-čiernomorské úmorie (stránka neexistuje)">Azovsko-čiernomorského úmoria</a> je dlhá 389,5 kilometra. Využíva sa veľmi intenzívne. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Hraničné_prístavy_Ruska">Hraničné prístavy Ruska</h5> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hraničné prístavy Ruska" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">Sovietskom zväze</a> sa prístavy stavali predovšetkým v regióne <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pobaltie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Pobaltie">Pobaltia</a>. Najväčším morským obchodným prístavom krajiny je prístav v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrade</a>, ale v súčasnosti sa stavajú vo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%ADnsky_z%C3%A1liv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fínsky záliv">Fínskom zálive</a> aj ďalšie, ktoré sa v budúcnosti využijú ako ropné terminály. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Najvzdialenejšie_body_Ruska">Najvzdialenejšie body Ruska</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Najvzdialenejšie body Ruska" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <ul> <li>Najsevernejší kontinentálny bod Ruska je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Ce%C4%BEuskinov_mys&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Čeľuskinov mys (stránka neexistuje)">Čeľuskinov mys</a> (<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename%3DRusko%26language%3Dsk%26params%3D77_40__N_104_15__E_">77°40′S 104°15′V / 77,667°S 104,250°V / 77.667; 104.250</a>), ostrovný zas <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mys_Fligeli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mys Fligeli">mys Fligeli</a> na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudolfov_ostrov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rudolfov ostrov">Rudolfovom ostrove</a> v súostroví <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zem_Franti%C5%A1ka_Jozefa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zem Františka Jozefa">Zem Františka Jozefa</a> (<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename%3DRusko%26language%3Dsk%26params%3D81_50_35_N_59_14_22_E_">81°50′35″S 59°14′22″V / 81,84306°S 59,23944°V / 81.84306; 59.23944</a>).</li> <li>Najjužnejší bod Ruska sa nachádza v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dagestan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dagestan">Dagestane</a> na hranici s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azerbajdžan">Azerbajdžanom</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename%3DRusko%26language%3Dsk%26params%3D41_13_14_N_47_51_28_E_">41°13′14″S 47°51′28″V / 41,22056°S 47,85778°V / 41.22056; 47.85778</a>).</li> <li>Najzápadnejší bod Ruska je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vislianska_kosa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vislianska kosa">Baltská kosa</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kaliningradsk%C3%BD_z%C3%A1liv&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kaliningradský záliv (stránka neexistuje)">Kaliningradskom zálive</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename%3DRusko%26language%3Dsk%26params%3D54_27_29.4_N_19_38_21_E_">54°27′29.4″S 19°38′21″V / 54,458167°S 19,63917°V / 54.458167; 19.63917</a>).</li> <li>Najvýchodnejší bod Ruska je na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diomedove_ostrovy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diomedove ostrovy (stránka neexistuje)">Diomedových ostrovoch</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beringov_prieliv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beringov prieliv">Beringovom prielive</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename%3DRusko%26language%3Dsk%26params%3D65_47_N_169_01_W_">65°47′S 169°01′Z / 65,783°S 169,017°Z / 65.783; -169.017</a>).</li> </ul> Keďže cez polostrov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cukotka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Čukotka">Čukotka</a> prechádza 180. poludník, ležia najvýchodnejšie časti Ruska na západnej pologuli. V Rusku sa nachádza najchladnejšie trvale obývané miesto na Zemi - dedina <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ojmiakon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ojmiakon">Ojmiakon</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a>na Sibíri. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Povrch">Povrch</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Povrch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Don_steppe_in_Volgograd_Oblast_005.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Don_steppe_in_Volgograd_Oblast_005.jpg/220px-Don_steppe_in_Volgograd_Oblast_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Don_steppe_in_Volgograd_Oblast_005.jpg/220px-Don_steppe_in_Volgograd_Oblast_005.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Don_steppe_in_Volgograd_Oblast_005.jpg/330px-Don_steppe_in_Volgograd_Oblast_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Don_steppe_in_Volgograd_Oblast_005.jpg/440px-Don_steppe_in_Volgograd_Oblast_005.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Rovinatá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Step_(krajina)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Step (krajina)">step</a> vo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volgogradsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volgogradská oblasť">Volgogradskej oblasti</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1549" data-file-height="1037"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Národný park <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jugyd_Va&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jugyd Va (stránka neexistuje)">Jugyd Va</a> v pohorí <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ural_(pohorie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ural (pohorie)">Ural</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Tsmity2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tsmity2.jpg/220px-Tsmity2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4244" data-file-height="2658"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tsmity2.jpg/220px-Tsmity2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tsmity2.jpg/330px-Tsmity2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tsmity2.jpg/440px-Tsmity2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_Kaukaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľký Kaukaz">Kaukazské pohorie</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Mount_Elbrus_May_2008.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mount_Elbrus_May_2008.jpg/220px-Mount_Elbrus_May_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mount_Elbrus_May_2008.jpg/220px-Mount_Elbrus_May_2008.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mount_Elbrus_May_2008.jpg/330px-Mount_Elbrus_May_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mount_Elbrus_May_2008.jpg/440px-Mount_Elbrus_May_2008.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbrus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elbrus">Elbrus</a>, najvyšší bod Ruska (5 642 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metrov_nad_morom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metrov nad morom">m n. m.</a>) </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Altaj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Altaj">Altaj</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Kamchatka_Volcano_Koryaksky_(24231533812).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kamchatka_Volcano_Koryaksky_%2824231533812%29.jpg/220px-Kamchatka_Volcano_Koryaksky_%2824231533812%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5874" data-file-height="3671"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kamchatka_Volcano_Koryaksky_%2824231533812%29.jpg/220px-Kamchatka_Volcano_Koryaksky_%2824231533812%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kamchatka_Volcano_Koryaksky_%2824231533812%29.jpg/330px-Kamchatka_Volcano_Koryaksky_%2824231533812%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kamchatka_Volcano_Koryaksky_%2824231533812%29.jpg/440px-Kamchatka_Volcano_Koryaksky_%2824231533812%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koriacka_sopka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koriacka sopka">Koriacka sopka</a> nad mestom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kam%C4%8Datskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamčatskij">Petropavlovsk-Kamčatskij</a> na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kam%C4%8Datka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamčatka">Kamčatke</a> </figcaption> </figure> Väčšia časť Ruska sa nachádza v stabilnej oblasti vrchnej časti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zemsk%C3%A1_k%C3%B4ra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zemská kôra">zemskej kôry</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%A1zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurázia">Eurázijského kontinentu</a>. Má väčšinou rovinatý, nízkohorský povrch. Podľa výšky a charakteru reliéfu v kontinentálnej časti Ruska sa územie delí na 6 veľkých oblastí: <ul> <li>pahorkatinovo-nížinnú (európska časť Ruska),</li> <li>nížinno-rovinatú (západná Sibír),</li> <li>nízkohorskú (stredná Sibír),</li> <li>horskú (južná Sibír),</li> <li>horskú a nížinnú (severná časť Ďalekého východu),</li> <li>horsko-rovinatú (Ďaleký východ).</li> </ul> Súčasťou takéhoto rozdelenia oblastí Ruska sú aj pohoria <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ural_(pohorie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ural (pohorie)">Ural</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_Kaukaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľký Kaukaz">Kaukaz</a>, ktoré ohraničujú európsku časť krajiny a západnú Sibír. Na južnom Urale sa nachádza jedna z najväčších pamiatok historickej kultúry z tejto oblasti – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kapova_jasky%C5%88a&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kapova jaskyňa (stránka neexistuje)">Kapova jaskyňa</a>, kde v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1959?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1959">1959</a> našli najstaršie paleolitické nástenné maľby mamuta, koňa a nosorožca. Okrem toho je tu vyše 100 unikátnych granitových útesov zaujímavých tvarov, ktoré sú na zozname chránených objektov sveta. Najväčší z nich s výškou 750 m sa nachádza v Krasnojarskom kraji. V oblasti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_Kaukaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľký Kaukaz">Veľkého Kaukazu</a> sa nachádza najvyšší bod Ruska – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbrus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elbrus">Elbrus</a>, ktorý dosahuje výšku 5642 metrov nad morom. Susedný vrch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kazbek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazbek">Kazbek</a> (hneď oproti nemu) má výšku 5 621 m. Najnižším bodom v krajine je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaspick%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaspické more">Kaspické more</a> vo výške 27 metrov nad morom. Hneď pri <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbrus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elbrus">Elbruse</a> sa nachádza známe ruské alpinistické stredisko <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terskolom&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Terskolom (stránka neexistuje)">Terskolom</a>, ktoré je centrom vysokohorskej turistiky. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Polostrovy">Polostrovy</h4> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Polostrovy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Pobrežie Ruska nie je až také členité ako pobrežie Európy. Napriek tomu dosahuje dĺžku vyše 37 000 km a obsahuje veľa polostrovov: <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cukotsk%C3%BD_polostrov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čukotský polostrov">Čukotský polostrov</a>,</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jamalsk%C3%BD_polostrov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamalský polostrov">Jamalský polostrov</a>,</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kam%C4%8Datka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamčatka">Kamčatka</a>,</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kola_(polostrov)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kola (polostrov)">Kolský polostrov</a>,</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kur%C5%A1sk%C3%A1_kosa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuršská kosa">Kuršská kosa</a>,</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tajm%C3%BDrsky_polostrov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tajmýrsky polostrov">Tajmýrsky polostrov</a>,</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krymsk%C3%BD_polostrov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Krymský polostrov">Krymský polostrov</a> (sporné územie, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anexia_Krymsk%C3%A9ho_polostrova_Ruskou_feder%C3%A1ciou&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anexia Krymského polostrova Ruskou federáciou (stránka neexistuje)">anektovaný</a>).</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Podnebie">Podnebie</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Podnebie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Russia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Russia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Russia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="792"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Russia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Russia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Russia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/330px-Russia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Russia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/440px-Russia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Köppenova klasifikácia podnebia Ruska </figcaption> </figure> Rusko je štát s pomerne chladným podnebím. Teploty v zime siahajú hlboko pod bod mrazu. Krajina sa rozkladá v štyroch klimatických pásmach: <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arktick%C3%A9_p%C3%A1smo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arktické pásmo (stránka neexistuje)">arktické pásmo</a>,</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Subarktick%C3%A9_p%C3%A1smo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Subarktické pásmo (stránka neexistuje)">subarktické pásmo</a> (moria <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severn%C3%BD_%C4%BEadov%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severný ľadový oceán">Severného ľadového oceánu</a>, arktické ostrovy),</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mierne_p%C3%A1smo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mierne pásmo">mierne pásmo</a> (väčšia časť územia krajiny),</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subtropick%C3%A9_p%C3%A1smo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subtropické pásmo">subtropické pásmo</a> (časť čiernomorského pobrežia Kaukazu).</li> </ul> Podľa klimatických ukazovateľov sa územie Ruska delí na: <ul> <li>Ruská Arktída</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> Charakteristika: dlhé slnečné dni v období od apríla do polovice septembra a nočné dni od polovice októbra do konca februára. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>Európska časť Ruska</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> Charakteristika: jednoznačný vplyv <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantick%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlantický oceán">Atlantického oceánu</a> na územie, kde sa morský vzduch pretvára na suchý kontinentálny. V tejto oblasti nastáva zmena charakteru západného a východného podnebia. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>Západosibírske pohoria (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Altaj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Altaj">Altaj</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sajany&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sajany (stránka neexistuje)">Sajany</a>)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> Charakteristika: dosah kontinentálneho podnebia od severu na juh. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>Východná Sibír</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> Charakteristika: územie s kontinentálnym podnebím, ktoré má chladné zimy a teplé letá. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>Ďaleký východ</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> Charakteristika: Pre toto územie je typické monzúnové podnebie. </dd> </dl> Najchladnejším mesiacom v Rusku je január, kedy teplota vzduchu dosahuje okolo −30 °C. Je to zhruba 20-stupňový rozdiel oproti teplotám na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sib%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibír">Sibíri</a>, kde januárová teplota dosahuje hodnotu −50 °C. Absolútne teplotné minimum, čo dokumentuje aj pamätník (tzv. Pól chladu), tu namerali v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1982?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1982">1982</a> (−68 °C, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verchojansk%C3%BD_chrb%C3%A1t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verchojanský chrbát">Verchojanský chrbát</a>). Ruskí vedci robili výskumy a zaznamenali, že za každých sto rokov sa územie Ruska oteplí o 0,9 °C. Posledné takéto meranie sa uskutočnilo v 70. rokoch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. storočie">20. storočia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Vodstvo">Vodstvo</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vodstvo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Hlavný problém vodných tokov a jazier Ruska je znečistenie riek a vodných diel poľnohospodárskou činnosťou. To je dôvod, prečo vodné objekty nevyhovujú európskym normám a potrebám. Podľa zákona sa 76% vody používa na zásobovanie obyvateľstva pitnou vodou a liečebné účely a 24% sa využíva v priemysle. V krajine je asi 300 významných oblastí <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Miner%C3%A1lny_prame%C5%88&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Minerálny prameň (stránka neexistuje)">minerálnych</a> a/alebo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Term%C3%A1lny_prame%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Termálny prameň">termálnych prameňov</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jessentuki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jessentuki">Jessentuki</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piatigorsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piatigorsk">Piatigorsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDeleznovodsk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Železnovodsk (stránka neexistuje)">Železnovodsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kislovodsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kislovodsk">Kislovodsk</a> (Severný Kaukaz), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Belokuricha&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Belokuricha (stránka neexistuje)">Belokuricha</a> (Altaj), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Marcip%C3%A1nova_voda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Marcipánova voda (stránka neexistuje)">Marcipánova voda</a> (Karélia), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Macesta&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Macesta (stránka neexistuje)">Macesta</a> (Čiernomorské pobrežie Kaukazu) a iné. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Moria">Moria</h4> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Moria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%C2%BB_(%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8,_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80.)102.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%C2%BB_%28%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80.%29102.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%C2%BB_%28%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80.%29102.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%C2%BB_%28%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80.%29102.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%C2%BB_%28%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80.%29102.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%C2%BB_%28%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80.%29102.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%C2%BB_%28%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80.%29102.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%C2%BB_%28%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80.%29102.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%C2%BB_%28%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80.%29102.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Sanatórium Ordžonikidze na pobreží <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cierne_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čierne more">Čierneho mora</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/So%C4%8Di?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soči">Soči</a> </figcaption> </figure> Brehy Ruska obmýva 12 morí, ktoré patria trom úmoriam oceánov a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaspick%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaspické more">Kaspickému moru</a>: <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantick%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlantický oceán">Atlantický oceán</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltské more">Baltské more</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cierne_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čierne more">Čierne more</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azovsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azovské more">Azovské more</a>;</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severn%C3%BD_%C4%BEadov%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severný ľadový oceán">Severný ľadový oceán</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barentsovo_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barentsovo more">Barentsovo more</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biele_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biele more">Biele more</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karské more">Karské more</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/More_Laptevovcov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="More Laptevovcov">More Laptevovcov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%BDchodosib%C3%ADrske_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Východosibírske more">Východosibírske more</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cukotsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čukotské more">Čukotské more</a>;</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tich%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tichý oceán">Tichý oceán</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beringovo_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beringovo more">Beringovo more</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ochotsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ochotské more">Ochotské more</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonské more">Japonské more</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Jazerá">Jazerá</h4> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Jazerá" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Lake_Baikal_in_winter.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lake_Baikal_in_winter.jpg/220px-Lake_Baikal_in_winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lake_Baikal_in_winter.jpg/220px-Lake_Baikal_in_winter.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lake_Baikal_in_winter.jpg/330px-Lake_Baikal_in_winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lake_Baikal_in_winter.jpg/440px-Lake_Baikal_in_winter.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Zamrznuté <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bajkalsk%C3%A9_jazero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bajkalské jazero">Bajkalské jazero</a> neďaleko ostrova <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Olchon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Olchon (stránka neexistuje)">Olchon</a> </figcaption> </figure> Rusko je krajina jazier, hoci veľkých jazier je tam málo. Ich celkový počet prevyšuje počet 2,7 miliónov a ich rozloha je väčšia ako 400 000 km² (bez najväčšieho – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaspick%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaspické more">Kaspického mora</a>, ktoré má zhruba 371 000 km²). Jazerá na území Ruska (podľa rozlohy): <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaspick%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaspické more">Kaspické more</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bajkalsk%C3%A9_jazero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bajkalské jazero">Bajkal</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lado%C5%BEsk%C3%A9_jazero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ladožské jazero">Ladožské jazero</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/One%C5%BEsk%C3%A9_jazero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Onežské jazero">Onežské jazero</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tajm%C3%BDrske_jazero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tajmýrske jazero">Tajmýrske jazero</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cudsk%C3%A9_jazero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čudské jazero">Čudské jazero</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biele_jazero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Biele jazero">Biele jazero</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/I%C4%BEmensk%C3%A9_jazero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iľmenské jazero">Iľmenské jazero</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imandra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imandra">Imandra</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teleck%C3%A9_jazero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecké jazero">Telecké jazero</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Rieky">Rieky</h4> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Rieky" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Yaroslavl._Volga_River._Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_P5212700_2200.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yaroslavl._Volga_River._Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_P5212700_2200.jpg/220px-Yaroslavl._Volga_River._Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_P5212700_2200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3426" data-file-height="2200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yaroslavl._Volga_River._Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_P5212700_2200.jpg/220px-Yaroslavl._Volga_River._Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_P5212700_2200.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yaroslavl._Volga_River._Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_P5212700_2200.jpg/330px-Yaroslavl._Volga_River._Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_P5212700_2200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yaroslavl._Volga_River._Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_P5212700_2200.jpg/440px-Yaroslavl._Volga_River._Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_P5212700_2200.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Rieka <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volga">Volga</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaroslav%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaroslavľ">Jaroslavli</a> </figcaption> </figure> Územím Ruska preteká vyše 2,5 milióna riek. Najvodnatejšia z nich je rieka <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jenisej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jenisej">Jenisej</a> tečúca strednou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sib%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibír">Sibírou</a>. Väčšina ruských riek vteká do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severn%C3%BD_%C4%BEadov%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severný ľadový oceán">Severného ľadového</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tich%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tichý oceán">Tichého oceánu</a>. Bezodtokové <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaspick%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaspické more">Kaspické more</a> zásobuje vodou rieka <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volga">Volga</a>, ktorá je najdlhšou riekou Ruska a zároveň jedinou, ktorá sa vlieva do tohto mora. Je tiež najdlhšou riekou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európy</a> a piatou najdlhšou riekou sveta. Rieka je spojená s kanálmi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltské more">Baltského</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biele_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biele more">Bieleho</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azovsk%C3%A9_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azovské more">Azovského</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cierne_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čierne more">Čierneho mora</a> a s riekou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva_(rieka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva (rieka)">Moskva</a>. Ostatné rieky: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jenisej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jenisej">Jenisej</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ob?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ob">Ob</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lena_(rieka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lena (rieka)">Lena</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irty%C5%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irtyš">Irtyš</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amur_(rieka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amur (rieka)">Amur</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angara">Angara</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volga">Volga</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Don?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Don">Don</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Oka">Oka</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva_(rieka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva (rieka)">Moskva</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neva">Neva</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ural_(rieka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ural (rieka)">Ural</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dneper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dneper">Dneper</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severn%C3%A1_Dvina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severná Dvina">Severná Dvina</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pe%C4%8Dora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pečora">Pečora</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selenga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selenga">Selenga</a>. <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rieky_polostrova_Kam%C4%8Datka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rieky polostrova Kamčatka (stránka neexistuje)">Rieky polostrova Kamčatka</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rieky_ostrova_Sachalin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rieky ostrova Sachalin">Rieky ostrova Sachalin</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Geológia">Geológia</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Geológia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:1845-Murchisonmap.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1845-Murchisonmap.jpg/220px-1845-Murchisonmap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3868" data-file-height="4056"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 231px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1845-Murchisonmap.jpg/220px-1845-Murchisonmap.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1845-Murchisonmap.jpg/330px-1845-Murchisonmap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1845-Murchisonmap.jpg/440px-1845-Murchisonmap.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Geologická mapa Ruska z roku 1845 </figcaption> </figure> Geologická stavba ruského územia je veľmi pestrá, tvorená geologickými jednotkami rôzneho veku. Základné prvky geologickej stavby tvoria staré (archaické) platformy obklopené neoproterozoicko-kenozoickými orogénmi a na nich naloženými mladšími mezozoicko-kenozoickými panvovými oblasťami<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a>. V európskej časti krajiny je to <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%BDchodoeur%C3%B3pska_platforma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Východoeurópska platforma">východoeurópska platforma</a> (s jadrom v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltick%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%ADt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltický štít">baltickom štíte</a>) a v ázijskej – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sib%C3%ADrska_platforma&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sibírska platforma (stránka neexistuje)">sibírska platforma</a> (s jadrom v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anabarsk%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%ADt&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anabarský štít (stránka neexistuje)">anabarskom štíte</a>). Oddeľuje ich vrchnopaleozoické pohorie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ural_(pohorie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ural (pohorie)">Ural</a> a menšie a mladšie kryštalinické masívy prekambrického a spodnokambrického veku (tzv. timanidy a bajkalidy), ktoré tvoria napr. karský, ochotský a omlonský blok ako aj rad oblastí v podloží paleozoického platformného pokryvu. V južných oblastiach Ruska možno pozorovať aj celky kaledónskeho (spodnopaleozoického) orogénu tvoriace kazachstanský blok, altajsko-sajanskú a zabajkalskú oblasť. Na severe je to naopak výbežok škandinávskych kaledoníd až po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svalbard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> a hyperborská oblasť na šelfe <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severn%C3%BD_%C4%BEadov%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severný ľadový oceán">Severného ľadového oceánu</a> severne od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cukotka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Čukotka">Čukotky</a>. Po ich okraji sa kontinuálne nachádzajú vrchnopaleozoické orogény, hlavne <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ural_(pohorie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ural (pohorie)">Ural</a>, džungársko-balchašský masív a gobi-južnomongolský orogén. Mezozoické (druhohorné) orogény predstavujú hlavne mongolský, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sichote-Ali%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sichote-Aliň">sichote-aliňský</a>, novosibirsko-čukotský orogén, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verchojansk%C3%BD_chrb%C3%A1t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verchojanský chrbát">Verchojanský chrbát</a>, južný <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tajm%C3%BDr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Tajmýr">Tajmýr</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nov%C3%A1_Zem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nová Zem">Nová Zem</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Paj-Choj&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Paj-Choj (stránka neexistuje)">Paj-Choj</a>. Najmladšími sú mezozoicko-kenozoické orogény <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_Kaukaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľký Kaukaz">Veľkého Kaukazu</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krymsk%C3%A9_vrchy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krymské vrchy">Krymu</a> v západnej časti krajiny a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sachalin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sachalin">Sachalin</a> na východe<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Na túto zložitú stavbu sú naložené mladšie sedimentárne panvy. V európskej časti krajiny sú to hlavne <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Moskovsk%C3%A1_panva&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Moskovská panva (stránka neexistuje)">moskovská</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Timansko-pe%C4%8Dorsk%C3%A1_panva&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Timansko-pečorská panva (stránka neexistuje)">timansko-pečorská</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Volgo-uralsk%C3%A1_panva&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Volgo-uralská panva (stránka neexistuje)">volgo-uralská</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Indolo-kub%C3%A1%C5%88ska_panva&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Indolo-kubáňska panva (stránka neexistuje)">indolo-kubáňska</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Severokaukazsk%C3%A1_panva&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Severokaukazská panva (stránka neexistuje)">severokaukazská</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prikaspick%C3%A1_panva&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prikaspická panva (stránka neexistuje)">prikaspická panva</a>. V ázijskej časti to sú hlavne rozsiahla <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A1padosib%C3%ADrska_panva&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Západosibírska panva (stránka neexistuje)">západosibírska</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tungusk%C3%A1_panva&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tunguská panva (stránka neexistuje)">tunguská panva</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Obyvateľstvo">Obyvateľstvo</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Obyvateľstvo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demografia_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demografia Ruska">Demografia Ruska</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Population_of_Russia.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Population_of_Russia.PNG/220px-Population_of_Russia.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1302" data-file-height="797"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Population_of_Russia.PNG/220px-Population_of_Russia.PNG" data-width="220" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Population_of_Russia.PNG/330px-Population_of_Russia.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Population_of_Russia.PNG/440px-Population_of_Russia.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Vývoj počtu obyvateľov Ruska v rokoch 1950 – 2015 </figcaption> </figure> Podľa najnovších údajov k 1. júnu 2014 činí počet obyvateľov Ruska 146 800 000 obyvateľov.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a> S <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krymsk%C3%BD_feder%C3%A1lny_okruh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krymský federálny okruh">Krymským federálnym okruhom</a> dosahuje počet obyvateľov Ruska k tomu istému dátumu 146 100 000 obyvateľov. V rokoch 1992 až 2012 Rusko zaznamenávalo prirodzený úbytok obyvateľstva, ktorý bol v 90. rokoch kompenzovaný imigráciou Rusov z postsovietskych republík, neskôr masovou imigráciou najmä zo strednej Ázie, ktorá bola motivovaná ekonomickými faktormi. Prvý raz od roku 1991 sa podarilo zaznamenať prirodzený prírastok v roku 2013. Prvé sčítanie obyvateľstva Ruska sa datuje do rokov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1718?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1718">1718</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1724?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1724">1724</a>. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1745?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1745">1745</a> malo Rusko takmer 15,4 miliónov obyvateľov, na začiatku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19. storočie">19. storočia</a> sa ich počet zvýšil na 26,7 miliónov a v polovici storočia 42,4 miliónov. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1900?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1900">1900</a> počet obyvateľov stúpol na 71,1 miliónov, ale do konca <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19. storočie">19. storočia</a> sa každým rokom počet obyvateľstva Ruska zvyšoval iba o 1%. Demografický rozvoj obyvateľstva Ruska v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. storočie">20. storočí</a> bol dramatický. Pričinilo sa o to mnoho faktorov vrátane <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prvá svetová vojna">prvej svetovej vojny</a> a občianskej vojny, revolúcie v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1917">1917</a> a následnej emigrácie ruského obyvateľstva do krajín západnej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európy</a>, hladomor v krajine v rokoch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1932?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1932">1932</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1933">1933</a> a represálie voči obyvateľstvu v 30. rokoch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. storočie">20. storočia</a>. Táto situácia sa čiastočne zlepšila v rokoch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1937?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1937">1937</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a> zákonom z roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1936?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1936">1936</a>, ktorý zakazoval <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Potrat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Potrat">potraty</a>. <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_po%C4%8Dtu_Rusov_v_jednotliv%C3%BDch_subjektoch_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam počtu Rusov v jednotlivých subjektoch Ruskej federácie">Zoznam počtu Rusov v jednotlivých subjektoch Ruskej federácie</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Druhá svetová vojna">Veľká vlastenecká vojna</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1941?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1941">1941</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1945?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1945">1945</a>), povojnový rast obyvateľstva (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1946?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1946">1946</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1955?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1955">1955</a>) a jej pokles na začiatku 60. rokov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. storočie">20. storočia</a> boli hlavnými príčinami, pre ktoré <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">Sovietsky zväz</a> začal viesť tzv. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prop%C3%B4rodn%C3%A1_politika&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Propôrodná politika (stránka neexistuje)">propôrodnú politiku</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1982?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1982">1982</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1987?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1987">1987</a>) (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: пронаталистская политика). Tento druh politiky priniesol svoje ovocie v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2002?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2002">2002</a>, keď sa konalo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C5%A1erusk%C3%A9_s%C4%8D%C3%ADtanie_obyvate%C4%BEstva_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie_(2002)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Všeruské sčítanie obyvateľstva Ruskej federácie (2002)">sčítanie ľudu</a>. V ňom sa Rusko umiestnilo na 7. mieste spomedzi krajín sveta s počtom obyvateľov 145 166 731 aj napriek prirodzenému úbytku 8 000 000 obyvateľstva v rokoch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1992?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1992">1992</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2002?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2002">2002</a>, ktorý sa čiastočne vykompenzoval migráciou obyvateľstva z <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pobaltsk%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pobaltské štáty">pobaltských</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zakaukazsk%C3%A9_republiky&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Zakaukazské republiky (stránka neexistuje)">zakaukazských republík</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Národnostné_zloženie_obyvateľstva">Národnostné zloženie obyvateľstva</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Národnostné zloženie obyvateľstva" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1826"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusi">Rusi</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrade</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tat%C3%A1ri_(etnikum)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tatári (etnikum)">Tatári</a> v národných krojoch </figcaption> </figure> Národnostné zloženie obyvateľstva Ruskej federácie v roku 2010.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusi">Rusi</a></td> <td align="right">111 016 896</td> <td>(77,71%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tat%C3%A1ri_(etnikum)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tatári (etnikum)">Tatári</a></td> <td align="right">5 310 649</td> <td>(3,72%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrajinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrajinci">Ukrajinci</a></td> <td align="right">1 927 988</td> <td>(1,35%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ba%C5%A1kirci&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Baškirci (stránka neexistuje)">Baškirci</a></td> <td align="right">1 584 554</td> <td>(1,11%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cuva%C5%A1i?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čuvaši">Čuvaši</a></td> <td align="right">1 435 872</td> <td>(1,01%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Ce%C4%8Denci&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Čečenci (stránka neexistuje)">Čečenci</a></td> <td align="right">1 431 360</td> <td>(1,00%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9ni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arméni">Arméni</a></td> <td align="right">1 182 388</td> <td>(0,83%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Avari_(Kaukaz)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Avari (Kaukaz) (stránka neexistuje)">Avari</a></td> <td align="right">912 090</td> <td>(0,64%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mordvania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mordvania">Mordvania</a></td> <td align="right">744 237</td> <td>(0,52%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kazachovia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazachovia">Kazachovia</a></td> <td align="right">647 732</td> <td>(0,45%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nemci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nemci">Nemci</a></td> <td align="right">≈600 000</td> <td>(0,43%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ďalší / neuvedené</td> <td></td> <td>(11,23%)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Jazyky">Jazyky</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Jazyky" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">Ruština</a> je oficiálnym a prevažne používaným jazykom v Rusku, je najpoužívanejším materinským jazykom v Európe, geograficky najrozšírenejším jazykom Eurázie a zároveň najrozšírenejším <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovansk%C3%A9_jazyky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovanské jazyky">slovanským jazykom</a> na svete. Ruština je tiež jedným z dvoch oficiálnych jazykov na palube <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1_vesm%C3%ADrna_stanica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medzinárodná vesmírna stanica">Medzinárodnej vesmírnej stanice</a> a zároveň jedným zo šiestich oficiálnych jazykov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiz%C3%A1cia_Spojen%C3%BDch_n%C3%A1rodov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizácia Spojených národov">Organizácie Spojených národov</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-gks-rubrikator-8">[8]</a> Rusko je viacjazyčný národ; v celej krajine sa hovorí približne 100 až 150 menšinovými jazykmi. Podľa ruského sčítania ľudu z roku 2010 hovorilo 137,5 milióna ľudí v celej krajine po rusky, 4,3 milióna po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tat%C3%A1r%C4%8Dina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tatárčina">tatársky</a> a 1,1 milióna po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrajin%C4%8Dina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrajinčina">ukrajinsky</a>. Ústava dáva jednotlivým republikám krajiny právo vytvoriť si okrem ruštiny aj vlastné štátne jazyky, ako aj zaručuje občanom právo na zachovanie ich rodného jazyka a vytvorenie podmienok na jeho štúdium a rozvoj. Rôzni odborníci však tvrdia, že jazyková rozmanitosť Ruska rýchlo klesá v dôsledku ohrozenia mnohých jazykov.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-gks-rubrikator-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Vierovyznanie">Vierovyznanie</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vierovyznanie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstv%C3%A1_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Náboženstvá Ruska">Náboženstvá Ruska</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_in_Moscow.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_in_Moscow.jpg/220px-Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_in_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2218"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 244px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_in_Moscow.jpg/220px-Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_in_Moscow.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="244" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_in_Moscow.jpg/330px-Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_in_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_in_Moscow.jpg/440px-Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_in_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chr%C3%A1m_Vasilija_Bla%C5%BEen%C3%A9ho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chrám Vasilija Blaženého">Chrám Vasilija Blaženého</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskve</a> je najznámejšou sakrálnou pamiatkou Ruska </figcaption> </figure> V súčasnosti v Rusku existuje vyše 70 náboženských smerov. Podľa ústavy Ruskej federácie sú všetky náboženské spolky v krajine nezávislé od štátu a rovnoprávne pred zákonom. Všetci občania majú právo vyznávať akúkoľvek vieru podľa ich želania. Majú tiež právo byť ateistami. Tradičné náboženstvá na území Ruska sú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pravosl%C3%A1vie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Pravoslávie">pravoslávie</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">islam</a>, v menšej miere <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judaizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judaizmus">judaizmus</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budhizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budhizmus">budhizmus</a>. Väčšina obyvateľstva vyznáva <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pravosl%C3%A1vie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Pravoslávie">pravoslávie</a>. Jeho súčasťou sú aj náboženské <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sekta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sekta">sekty</a> ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Staroverectvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Staroverectvo">staroverectvo</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Molok%C3%A1nstvo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Molokánstvo (stránka neexistuje)">molokánstvo</a>. Prežitky pohanskej viery ostali zakorenené v symboloch. Ľudia si predstavovali Zem, ktorá je zložená z troch častí – neba, zeme a pekla, ktorému vládnu slovanskí bohovia <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Per%C3%BAn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perún">Perún</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Veles">Veles</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svarog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svarog">Svarog</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Školstvo">Školstvo</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Školstvo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%A3,_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%A3%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%A3%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3946" data-file-height="2610"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%A3%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%A3%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%A3%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%A3%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%A3%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%A3%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskovsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tna_univerzita_M._V._Lomonosova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskovská štátna univerzita M. V. Lomonosova">Moskovská štátna univerzita M. V. Lomonosova</a>, najprestížnejšia vzdelávacia inštitúcia v Rusku </figcaption> </figure> Rusko má 100% gramotnosť dospelých<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a> a povinné vzdelávanie trvá 11 rokov, a to výlučne pre deti vo veku od 7 do 17 až 18 rokov. Podľa ústavy poskytuje svojim občanom bezplatné vzdelávanie.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Ministerstvo školstva Ruskej federácie je zodpovedné za základné a stredné vzdelávanie, ako aj za odborné vzdelávanie; zatiaľ čo ministerstvo školstva a vedy je zodpovedné za vedu a vysokoškolské vzdelávanie. Regionálne orgány regulujú vzdelávanie v rámci svojej jurisdikcie v rámci platných federálnych zákonov. Rusko patrí k najvzdelanejším krajinám sveta a má šiesty najvyšší podiel absolventov terciárneho vzdelávania v percentuálnom vyjadrení na populáciu, a to 62,1%.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a> V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018">2018</a> vynaložilo na vzdelávanie približne 4,7% svojho HDP.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Ruský systém predškolského vzdelávania je vysoko rozvinutý a nepovinný,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a> približne štyri pätiny detí vo veku 3 až 6 rokov navštevujú jasle alebo materské školy. Základná škola je povinná jedenásť rokov, začína sa vo veku 6 až 7 rokov a vedie k získaniu základného všeobecného vzdelania. Na získanie certifikátu stredoškolského vzdelania sú potrebné ďalšie dva alebo tri roky školskej dochádzky a približne sedem osmin Rusov pokračuje vo vzdelávaní aj po tejto úrovni.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Prijatie na vysokú školu je výberové a vysoko konkurenčné: štúdium na prvom stupni trvá zvyčajne päť rokov. Najstaršími a najväčšími univerzitami v Rusku sú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskovsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tna_univerzita_M._V._Lomonosova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskovská štátna univerzita M. V. Lomonosova">Moskovská štátna univerzita M. V. Lomonosova</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Petrohradsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tna_univerzita&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Petrohradská štátna univerzita (stránka neexistuje)">Petrohradská štátna univerzita</a>. V celej krajine je desať vysoko prestížnych federálnych univerzít. Rusko bolo v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019">2019</a> piatou najvýznamnejšou svetovou destináciou pre zahraničných študentov, keď ich prijalo približne 300 tisíc.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Zdravotná_starostlivosť">Zdravotná starostlivosť</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdravotná starostlivosť" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Metallurg_Sochi.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Metallurg_Sochi.jpg/220px-Metallurg_Sochi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Metallurg_Sochi.jpg/220px-Metallurg_Sochi.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Metallurg_Sochi.jpg/330px-Metallurg_Sochi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Metallurg_Sochi.jpg/440px-Metallurg_Sochi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Metallurg, sanatórium zo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">sovietskej</a> éry v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/So%C4%8Di?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soči">Soči</a> </figcaption> </figure> Rusko zaručuje podľa ústavy bezplatnú, univerzálnu zdravotnú starostlivosť pre všetkých ruských občanov prostredníctvom povinného štátneho programu zdravotného poistenia. Ministerstvo zdravotníctva Ruskej federácie dohliada na ruský systém verejného zdravotníctva a tento sektor zamestnáva viac ako dva milióny ľudí. Federálne regióny majú tiež svoje vlastné ministerstvá zdravotníctva, ktoré dohliadajú na miestnu správu. Na prístup k súkromnej zdravotnej starostlivosti v Rusku je potrebný samostatný plán súkromného zdravotného poistenia.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019">2019</a> Rusko vynaložilo na zdravotnú starostlivosť 5,65% svojho HDP.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Jeho výdavky na zdravotnú starostlivosť sú výrazne nižšie ako v iných rozvinutých krajinách. V dôsledku vysokej úmrtnosti mužov má Rusko jeden z najzastúpenejších pomerov pohlaví na svete – na každú ženu pripadá 0,859 muža.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> V roku 2019 bola celková očakávaná dĺžka života v Rusku pri narodení 73,2 roka (68,2 roka u mužov a 78,0 roka u žien) a malo veľmi nízku dojčenskú úmrtnosť (5 na 1 000 živonarodených detí).<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Hlavnou príčinou úmrtí v Rusku sú kardiovaskulárne ochorenia. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obezita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obezita">Obezita</a> je v Rusku rozšíreným zdravotným problémom; v roku 2016 malo 61,1% dospelých Rusov nadváhu alebo obezitu. Najväčším zdravotným problémom v Rusku je však historicky vysoká miera konzumácie alkoholu, ktorá napriek výraznému poklesu v poslednom desaťročí zostáva jednou z najvyšších na svete. Ďalším zdravotným problémom v krajine je fajčenie. Vysoký počet samovrážd v krajine, hoci klesá, zostáva významným sociálnym problémom.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sídla">Sídla</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Sídla" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_miest_v_Rusku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam miest v Rusku">Zoznam miest v Rusku</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <div class="thumb tright" style="width: 232px;"> <div class="thumbinner"> <div style="margin: 1px; width: 222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Moscow_International_Business_Center7.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Moskva"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Moscow_International_Business_Center7.jpg/220px-Moscow_International_Business_Center7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 110px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Moscow_International_Business_Center7.jpg/220px-Moscow_International_Business_Center7.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="110" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Moscow_International_Business_Center7.jpg/330px-Moscow_International_Business_Center7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Moscow_International_Business_Center7.jpg/440px-Moscow_International_Business_Center7.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> </div> </div> <div style="margin: 1px; width: 222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Petrohrad"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4258" data-file-height="2839"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg/330px-Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg/440px-Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrad</a> </div> </div> <div style="margin: 1px; width: 222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Novosibirsk_skyline_in_winter.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Novosibirsk"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Novosibirsk_skyline_in_winter.jpg/220px-Novosibirsk_skyline_in_winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Novosibirsk_skyline_in_winter.jpg/220px-Novosibirsk_skyline_in_winter.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Novosibirsk_skyline_in_winter.jpg/330px-Novosibirsk_skyline_in_winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Novosibirsk_skyline_in_winter.jpg/440px-Novosibirsk_skyline_in_winter.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novosibirsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a> </div> </div> <div style="margin: 1px; width: 222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Jekaterinburg"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg/220px-E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7739" data-file-height="5159"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg/220px-E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg/330px-E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg/440px-E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jekaterinburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jekaterinburg">Jekaterinburg</a> </div> </div> <div style="margin: 1px; width: 222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B22.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazaň"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B22.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B22.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B22.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B22.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B22.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B22.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaza%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazaň">Kazaň</a> </div> </div> <div style="margin: 1px; width: 222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Lower-Volga_River_embankment_04.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Nižný Novgorod"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lower-Volga_River_embankment_04.jpg/220px-Lower-Volga_River_embankment_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2179"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lower-Volga_River_embankment_04.jpg/220px-Lower-Volga_River_embankment_04.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lower-Volga_River_embankment_04.jpg/330px-Lower-Volga_River_embankment_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lower-Volga_River_embankment_04.jpg/440px-Lower-Volga_River_embankment_04.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ni%C5%BEn%C3%BD_Novgorod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nižný Novgorod">Nižný Novgorod</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> Mestá Ruska sa delia do 6 skupín podľa ich veľkosti: <ul> <li>malé mestá (do 50 000)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd></dd> </dl> <ul> <li>stredne veľké mestá (50 000 – 100 000)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd></dd> </dl> <ul> <li>veľké mestá (100 000 – 250 000)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd></dd> </dl> <ul> <li>väčšie mestá (250 000 – 500 000)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Ceboksary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čeboksary">Čeboksary</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bala%C5%A1icha&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Balašicha (stránka neexistuje)">Balašicha</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaliningrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Tula">Tula</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kursk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/So%C4%8Di?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soči">Soči</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sevastopo%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sevastopoľ">Sevastopoľ</a> (sporný), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stavropo%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavropoľ">Stavropoľ</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulan-Ude?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulan-Ude">Ulan-Ude</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tver">Tver</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magnitogorsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magnitogorsk">Magnitogorsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ivanovo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ivanovo (stránka neexistuje)">Ivanovo</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Briansk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Briansk">Briansk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgorod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Surgut&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Surgut (stránka neexistuje)">Surgut</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Vladimír">Vladimír</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ni%C5%BEn%C3%BD_Tagil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nižný Tagil">Nižný Tagil</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čita">Čita</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archange%C4%BEsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archangeľsk">Archangeľsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simferopol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a> (sporný), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kaluga&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kaluga (stránka neexistuje)">Kaluga</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smolensk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vol%C5%BEskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volžskij">Volžskij</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jakutsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jakutsk">Jakutsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saransk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saransk">Saransk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cerepovec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čerepovec">Čerepovec</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurgan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Kurgan">Kurgan</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vologda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vologda (stránka neexistuje)">Vologda</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oriol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oriol">Oriol</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladikavkaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Podo%C4%BEsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Podoľsk">Podoľsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groznyj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Groznyj">Groznyj</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murmansk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tambov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tambov">Tambov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sterlitamak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sterlitamak">Sterlitamak</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Petrozavodsk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Petrozavodsk (stránka neexistuje)">Petrozavodsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kostroma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ni%C5%BEnevartovsk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nižnevartovsk (stránka neexistuje)">Nižnevartovsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novorossijsk_(Krasnodarsk%C3%BD_kraj)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novorossijsk (Krasnodarský kraj)">Novorossijsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jo%C5%A1kar-Ola&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Joškar-Ola (stránka neexistuje)">Joškar-Ola</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chimki&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chimki (stránka neexistuje)">Chimki</a> , <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taganrog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>najväčšie mestá (500 000 – 1 000 000)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krasnodar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saratov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A4ume%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ťumeň">Ťumeň</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Togliatti_(mesto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Togliatti (mesto)">Togliatti</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/I%C5%BEevsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iževsk">Iževsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barnaul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barnaul">Barnaul</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulianovsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulianovsk">Ulianovsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irkutsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chabarovsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chabarovsk">Chabarovsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaroslav%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaroslavľ">Jaroslavľ</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladivostok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macha%C4%8Dkala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Machačkala">Machačkala</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tomsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tomsk">Tomsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orenburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kemerovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kemerovo">Kemerovo</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novokuzneck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novokuzneck">Novokuzneck</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riaza%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riazaň">Riazaň</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astrach%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astrachán">Astrachán</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nabere%C5%BEnyje_%C4%8Celny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naberežnyje Čelny">Naberežnyje Čelny</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penza">Penza</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kirov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Kirov">Kirov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lipeck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lipeck">Lipeck</a> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>miliónové mestá (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: города миллионеры) (vyše 1 000 000)</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrad</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novosibirsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jekaterinburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jekaterinburg">Jekaterinburg</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ni%C5%BEn%C3%BD_Novgorod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nižný Novgorod">Nižný Novgorod</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaza%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazaň">Kazaň</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%BEabinsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čeľabinsk">Čeľabinsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omsk">Omsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samara">Samara</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rostov_nad_Donom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rostov nad Donom">Rostov nad Donom</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ufa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krasnojarsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krasnojarsk">Krasnojarsk</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vorone%C5%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voronež">Voronež</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perm_(mesto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perm (mesto)">Perm</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volgograd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a> </dd> </dl> V tomto zozname sa nachádza 20 najväčších miest v Rusku podľa počtu obyvateľov (na základe údajov zo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Celorusk%C3%A9_s%C4%8D%C3%ADtanie_obyvate%C4%BEstva_v_roku_2021&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Celoruské sčítanie obyvateľstva v roku 2021 (stránka neexistuje)">sčítania obyvateľstva v roku 2021</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a>). Všetky čísla počítajú len ľudí žijúcich priamo v meste, nepočítajú populáciu v metropolitnom okolí. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Poradie</th> <th>Mesto</th> <th>Federálny subjekt</th> <th>Počet obyvateľov</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a></td> <td>13 010 112</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrad</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrad</a></td> <td>5 601 911</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novosibirsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novosibirsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novosibirská oblasť">Novosibirská oblasť</a></td> <td>1 633 595</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jekaterinburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jekaterinburg">Jekaterinburg</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sverdlovsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sverdlovská oblasť">Sverdlovská oblasť</a></td> <td>1 544 376</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaza%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazaň">Kazaň</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tat%C3%A1rsko_(republika)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tatársko (republika)">Tatársko</a></td> <td>1 308 660</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ni%C5%BEn%C3%BD_Novgorod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nižný Novgorod">Nižný Novgorod</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ni%C5%BEnonovgorodsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nižnonovgorodská oblasť">Nižnonovgorodská oblasť</a></td> <td>1 228 199</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%BEabinsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čeľabinsk">Čeľabinsk</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%BEabinsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čeľabinská oblasť">Čeľabinská oblasť</a></td> <td>1 189 525</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krasnojarsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krasnojarsk">Krasnojarsk</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krasnojarsk%C3%BD_kraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krasnojarský kraj">Krasnojarský kraj</a></td> <td>1 187 771</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samara">Samara</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samarsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samarská oblasť">Samarská oblasť</a></td> <td>1 173 299</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ufa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kirsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baškirsko">Baškirsko</a></td> <td>1 144 809</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rostov_nad_Donom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rostov nad Donom">Rostov nad Donom</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rostovsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rostovská oblasť">Rostovská oblasť</a></td> <td>1 142 162</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omsk">Omsk</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omská oblasť">Omská oblasť</a></td> <td>1 125 695</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krasnodar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krasnodarsk%C3%BD_kraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krasnodarský kraj">Krasnodarský kraj</a></td> <td>1 099 344</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vorone%C5%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voronež">Voronež</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vorone%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voronežská oblasť">Voronežská oblasť</a></td> <td>1 057 681</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perm_(mesto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perm (mesto)">Perm</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Permsk%C3%BD_kraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Permský kraj">Permský kraj</a></td> <td>1 034 002</td> </tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volgograd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volgogradsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volgogradská oblasť">Volgogradská oblasť</a></td> <td>1 028 036</td> </tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saratov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saratovsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saratovská oblasť">Saratovská oblasť</a></td> <td>901 361</td> </tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A4ume%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ťumeň">Ťumeň</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A4umensk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ťumenská oblasť">Ťumenská oblasť</a></td> <td>847 488</td> </tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Togliatti_(mesto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Togliatti (mesto)">Togliatti</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samarsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samarská oblasť">Samarská oblasť</a></td> <td>684 709</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barnaul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barnaul">Barnaul</a></td> <td><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Altajsk%C3%BD_kraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Altajský kraj">Altajský kraj</a></td> <td>630 877</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Politika">Politika</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Politika" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Štátne_zriadenie">Štátne zriadenie</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Štátne zriadenie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <div class="thumb tright" style="width: 300px;"> <div class="thumbinner"> <div style="float: left; margin: 1px; width: 144px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(18-06-2023)_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Vladimir Putin, prezident Ruskej federácie od 7. mája 2012"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%2818-06-2023%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/142px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%2818-06-2023%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="924"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 142px;height: 189px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%2818-06-2023%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/142px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%2818-06-2023%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="142" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%2818-06-2023%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/213px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%2818-06-2023%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%2818-06-2023%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/284px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%2818-06-2023%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Putin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Vladimirovič Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prezident_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prezident Ruskej federácie">prezident Ruskej federácie</a> od 7. mája 2012 </div> </div> <div style="float: left; margin: 1px; width: 144px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Mikhail_Mishustin_(2020-07-09).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Michail Mišustin, predseda vlády Ruskej federácie od 16. januára 2020"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mikhail_Mishustin_%282020-07-09%29.jpg/142px-Mikhail_Mishustin_%282020-07-09%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="2524"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 142px;height: 189px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mikhail_Mishustin_%282020-07-09%29.jpg/142px-Mikhail_Mishustin_%282020-07-09%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="142" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mikhail_Mishustin_%282020-07-09%29.jpg/213px-Mikhail_Mishustin_%282020-07-09%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mikhail_Mishustin_%282020-07-09%29.jpg/284px-Mikhail_Mishustin_%282020-07-09%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Mi%C5%A1ustin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Vladimirovič Mišustin">Michail Mišustin</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Predseda_vl%C3%A1dy_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Predseda vlády Ruskej federácie (stránka neexistuje)">predseda vlády Ruskej federácie</a> od 16. januára 2020 </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Moscow_Kremlin_(8281675670).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Moscow_Kremlin_%288281675670%29.jpg/220px-Moscow_Kremlin_%288281675670%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2961" data-file-height="1986"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Moscow_Kremlin_%288281675670%29.jpg/220px-Moscow_Kremlin_%288281675670%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Moscow_Kremlin_%288281675670%29.jpg/330px-Moscow_Kremlin_%288281675670%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Moscow_Kremlin_%288281675670%29.jpg/440px-Moscow_Kremlin_%288281675670%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskovsk%C3%BD_kreme%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskovský kremeľ">Moskovský kremeľ</a> je ústredným miestom ruských politických záležitostí už od sovietskych čias </figcaption> </figure> Ruská federácia je parlamentnou demokraciou. Forma vlády sa charakterizuje ako prezidentská (respektíve poloprezidentská) republika. Na čele krajiny stojí prezident. Výkonná moc patrí prezidentovi a vláde, pričom prevažuje moc prezidenta. Zákonodarná moc sa delí medzi vládu a dvojkomorový parlament – Federálne zhromaždenie (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Федеральное собрание) – ktorý je najvyšším reprezentatívnym a zákonodarným orgánom krajiny, ale fakticky drží v štáte mocenskú prevahu prezident. Dolnú komoru predstavuje <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusk%C3%A1_duma&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ruská duma (stránka neexistuje)">Štátna duma</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Государственная дума, ГОСДУМА), hornú Rada federácie (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Совет федерации). <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusk%C3%A1_duma&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ruská duma (stránka neexistuje)">Dumu</a> tvorí 450 poslancov volených v parlamentných voľbách. V Rade federácie zasadá 170 senátorov, ktorých vysielajú subjekty federácie (každý z 89 subjektov zastupujú dvaja senátori). Na rozdiel od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusk%C3%A1_duma&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ruská duma (stránka neexistuje)">dumy</a> sa rada nevolí v priamych voľbách. Senátorov vyberajú regionálne politické reprezentácie – jedného volí regionálny parlament, druhého ustanovuje regionálna výkonná moc. Počet členov Rady sa zrejme zmení v súvislosti so zlučovaním niektorých subjektov. V súčasnosti územie Ruska tvorí 89 subjektov federácie (21 republík, 6 krajov, 49 oblastí, 2 mestá federálneho významu a 1 autonómna oblasť). Všetky subjekty federácie sú si rovné. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Voľby_do_Ruskej_štátnej_dumy_v_roku_2003">Voľby do Ruskej štátnej dumy v roku 2003</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Voľby do Ruskej štátnej dumy v roku 2003" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> V parlamentných voľbách v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003">2003</a> bolo registrovaných 108 miliónov voličov a zúčastnilo sa ich takmer 60 miliónov. Najviac mandátov získala strana <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jednotn%C3%A9_Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jednotné Rusko">Jednotné Rusko</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Единная Россия, ЕДРОС) – 221 kresiel (získala 22,5 milióna hlasov), podporujúca prezidenta <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Putin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Putin">Putina</a>. Keďže s poslancami <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jednotn%C3%A9_Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jednotné Rusko">Jednotného Ruska</a> zvyčajne hlasujú aj viaceré menšie strany a nezávislí poslanci, prezidentova politika má v parlamente zabezpečenú nadpolovičnú väčšinu. Druhou najväčšou stranou je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Komunistick%C3%A1_strana_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Komunistická strana Ruskej federácie (stránka neexistuje)">Komunistická strana RF</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Комунистическая партия Российской Федерации, КПРФ) – 51 kresiel a 7,6 milióna hlasov. Po nej nasledujú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Liber%C3%A1lno-demokratick%C3%A1_strana_Ruska&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Liberálno-demokratická strana Ruska (stránka neexistuje)">Liberálno-demokratická strana Ruska</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Либерал-демократическая партия России, ДЛПР) – 37 kresiel a koalícia <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Strany_rusk%C3%BDch_regi%C3%B3nov_a_socialistov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Strany ruských regiónov a socialistov (stránka neexistuje)">Strany ruských regiónov a socialistov</a> (37 kresiel). K najmenším patrí kedysi pomerne známa Ruská demokratická strana <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jabloko&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jabloko (stránka neexistuje)">Jabloko</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: ЯБЛОКО) – 4 kreslá. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Voľby_do_Ruskej_štátnej_dumy_v_roku_2007">Voľby do Ruskej štátnej dumy v roku 2007</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Voľby do Ruskej štátnej dumy v roku 2007" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> 7% hranicu zvoliteľnosti prekročili v parlamentných voľbách v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007">2007</a> štyri strany. Rovnako ako v predchádzajúcich voľbách prvé miesto obsadila strana <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jednotn%C3%A9_Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jednotné Rusko">Jednotné Rusko</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Единная Россия, ЕДРОС) – 311 kresiel (získala 43 miliónov hlasov). Na druhom mieste sa umiestnila <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Komunistick%C3%A1_strana_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Komunistická strana Ruskej federácie (stránka neexistuje)">Komunistická strana RF</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Комунистическая партия Российской Федерации, КПРФ) – 58 kresiel (získala 8 miliónov hlasov) a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Liber%C3%A1lno-demokratick%C3%A1_strana_Ruska&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Liberálno-demokratická strana Ruska (stránka neexistuje)">Liberálno-demokratická strana Ruska</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Либерал-демократическая партия России, ДЛПР) – 42 kresiel (5 miliónov hlasov). Na úkor ruskej demokratickej strany <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jabloko&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jabloko (stránka neexistuje)">Jabloko</a> sa do parlamentu dostala strana bývalých členov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Putin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Putin">Putinovej</a> strany <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jednotn%C3%A9_Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jednotné Rusko">Jednotné Rusko</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spravodliv%C3%A9_Rusko&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Spravodlivé Rusko (stránka neexistuje)">Spravodlivé Rusko</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: Справедливая Россия, СП), ktorí v parlamente získali 39 mandátov. Volilo ich okolo 5 miliónov občanov. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Administratívne_rozdelenie">Administratívne rozdelenie</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Administratívne rozdelenie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Russian_Regions-EN.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Russian_Regions-EN.svg/220px-Russian_Regions-EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1550"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 201px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Russian_Regions-EN.svg/220px-Russian_Regions-EN.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="201" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Russian_Regions-EN.svg/330px-Russian_Regions-EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Russian_Regions-EN.svg/440px-Russian_Regions-EN.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Administratívne rozdelenie Ruska </figcaption> </figure> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Administrat%C3%ADvne_%C4%8Dlenenie_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Administratívne členenie Ruska">Administratívne členenie Ruska</a> </div> </dd> </dl> Oficiálny názov krajiny – Ruská federácia – napovedá, že nejde o unitárny štát, ale o spojenie rozličných subjektov s väčšou či menšou autonómiou. Od roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2008">2008</a> Rusko tvorí 83 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subjekt_Feder%C3%A1cie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subjekt Federácie">subjektov</a>, medzi ktorými sú veľké rozdiely nielen čo do rozlohy, počtu obyvateľstva či životnej úrovne, ale aj čo do miery politickej autonómie. Najvyšší stupeň samostatnosti v rozhodovaní má 21 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republika_(Rusko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republika (Rusko)">republík</a>, ktoré sú zväčša vytvorené na etnickom základe, aj keď podiel ruského obyvateľstva v nich môže byť mimoriadne vysoký. Ako príklad možno uviesť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Udmurtsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Udmurtsko">Udmurtskú republiku</a>, kde sú titulárnym národom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Udmurti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Udmurti (stránka neexistuje)">Udmurti</a>, no tí v celkovom počte obyvateľov republiky predstavovali podľa sčítania obyvateľstva v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2002?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2002">2002</a> iba 29,3%, kým podiel <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusi">Rusov</a> presahoval 60%. Najnižší stupeň autonómie majú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auton%C3%B3mny_okruh_(Rusko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autonómny okruh (Rusko)">autonómne okruhy</a> (celkovo 4) a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auton%C3%B3mna_oblas%C5%A5_(Rusko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autonómna oblasť (Rusko)">autonómna oblasť</a> (1), ktoré sú síce subjektami Federácie, ale zároveň tvoria všetky – s výnimkou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cukotka_(auton%C3%B3mny_okruh)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čukotka (autonómny okruh)">Čukotského autonómneho okruhu</a> – súčasť iných subjektov Federácie. Okrem toho Rusko tvorí ešte 46 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oblas%C5%A5_(Rusko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oblasť (Rusko)">oblastí</a> a 9 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kraj_(Rusko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kraj (Rusko)">krajov</a>. Osobitnými subjektmi sú aj dve najväčšie mestá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Sankt Peterburg</a> ako tzv. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesto_feder%C3%A1lneho_v%C3%BDznamu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesto federálneho významu">mestá federálneho významu</a>. Najvyššie funkcie môžu mať v jednotlivých subjektoch federácie rozličné označenia, no s výnimkou republík, kde sa používajú tituly prezident republiky alebo hlava republiky, je to spravidla gubernátor alebo primátor (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruština">po rusky</a>: мэр). Novšie sa v rámci úsilia o väčšiu centralizáciu a integráciu krajiny vytvorilo 7 federálnych dištriktov (4 v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európe</a> a 3 v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ázia">Ázii</a>). Správu dištriktov ustanovuje prezident Ruskej federácie. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Zmeny_v_roku_2014">Zmeny v roku 2014</h4> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zmeny v roku 2014" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> Dňa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18._marec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18. marec">18. marca</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014">2014</a> Ruská federácia násilne anektovala polostrov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krym_(polostrov)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krym (polostrov)">Krym</a>. Na základe tejto zmeny má podľa ruskej ústavy Ruská federácia od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18._marca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="18. marca">18. marca</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014">2014</a> 85 subjektov federácie. Novými subjektami federácie sú Krymská republika a mesto <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sevastopo%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sevastopoľ">Sevastopoľ</a> ako mesto federálneho významu. Väčšina medzinárodného spoločenstva pripojenie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krym_(polostrov)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krym (polostrov)">Krymu</a> k Rusku na základe referenda neuznáva a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krym_(polostrov)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krym (polostrov)">Krym</a> je naďalej považovaný za súčasť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrajina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajiny</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Zahraničné_vzťahy">Zahraničné vzťahy</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zahraničné vzťahy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:2019_Foto_de_fam%C3%ADlia_dos_L%C3%ADderes_do_G20.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2019_Foto_de_fam%C3%ADlia_dos_L%C3%ADderes_do_G20.jpg/220px-2019_Foto_de_fam%C3%ADlia_dos_L%C3%ADderes_do_G20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2337"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2019_Foto_de_fam%C3%ADlia_dos_L%C3%ADderes_do_G20.jpg/220px-2019_Foto_de_fam%C3%ADlia_dos_L%C3%ADderes_do_G20.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2019_Foto_de_fam%C3%ADlia_dos_L%C3%ADderes_do_G20.jpg/330px-2019_Foto_de_fam%C3%ADlia_dos_L%C3%ADderes_do_G20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2019_Foto_de_fam%C3%ADlia_dos_L%C3%ADderes_do_G20.jpg/440px-2019_Foto_de_fam%C3%ADlia_dos_L%C3%ADderes_do_G20.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Putin s partnermi z <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G20?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G20">G20</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonsko">japonskej</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osaka_(mesto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osaka (mesto)">Osake</a> v roku 2019 </figcaption> </figure> Rusko malo v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019">2019</a> piatu najväčšiu diplomatickú sieť na svete. Udržiava diplomatické vzťahy so 190 členskými štátmi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiz%C3%A1cia_Spojen%C3%BDch_n%C3%A1rodov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizácia Spojených národov">OSN</a>, štyrmi čiastočne uznanými štátmi a tromi pozorovateľskými štátmi OSN; spolu so 144 veľvyslanectvami.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Z historického hľadiska je veľmocou a bývalou superveľmocou ako vedúca krajina bývalého <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">Sovietskeho zväzu</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Rusko je členom skupiny <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G20?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G20">G20</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiz%C3%A1cia_pre_bezpe%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5_a_spolupr%C3%A1cu_v_Eur%C3%B3pe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizácia pre bezpečnosť a spoluprácu v Európe">OBSE</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81zijsko-tichomorsk%C3%A1_hospod%C3%A1rska_spolupr%C3%A1ca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ázijsko-tichomorská hospodárska spolupráca">APEC</a>. Zohráva tiež vedúcu úlohu v organizáciách, ako sú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spolo%C4%8Denstvo_nez%C3%A1visl%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spoločenstvo nezávislých štátov">SNŠ</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%A1zijsk%C3%A1_ekonomick%C3%A1_%C3%BAnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurázijská ekonomická únia">EAEU</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiz%C3%A1cia_Zmluvy_o_kolekt%C3%ADvnej_bezpe%C4%8Dnosti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizácia Zmluvy o kolektívnej bezpečnosti">OZKB</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0anghajsk%C3%A1_organiz%C3%A1cia_spolupr%C3%A1ce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Šanghajská organizácia spolupráce">ŠOS</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BRICS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BRICS">BRICS</a>. Rusko udržiava úzke vzťahy so susedným <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bielorusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bielorusko">Bieloruskom</a>, ktoré je súčasťou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zv%C3%A4zov%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t_Ruska_a_Bieloruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zväzový štát Ruska a Bieloruska">Zväzového štátu</a>, nadnárodnej konfederácie oboch štátov. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Srbsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Srbsko">Srbsko</a> je historicky blízkym spojencom Ruska, keďže obe krajiny spája silná vzájomná kultúrna, etnická a náboženská príbuznosť. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a> je najväčším odberateľom ruského vojenského vybavenia a obe krajiny od sovietskej éry spájajú silné strategické a diplomatické vzťahy.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Rusko má vplyv na celom geopoliticky dôležitom južnom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaukaz_(geografick%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaukaz (geografická oblasť)">Kaukaze</a> a v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stredn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stredná Ázia">strednej Ázii</a>; tieto dva regióny sa označujú ako „zadný dvor“ Ruska. V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21. storočie">21. storočí</a> Rusko vedie agresívnu zahraničnú politiku zameranú na zabezpečenie regionálnej dominancie a medzinárodného vplyvu, ako aj na zvýšenie domácej podpory vlády. Vojenské intervencie v postsovietskych štátoch zahŕňajú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vojna_v_Ju%C5%BEnom_Osetsku_(2008)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vojna v Južnom Osetsku (2008)">vojnu s Gruzínskom</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2008">2008</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko-ukrajinsk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusko-ukrajinská vojna">inváziu a destablizáciu Ukrajiny</a> od roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014">2014</a>. Rusko sa tiež snažilo zvýšiť svoj vplyv na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bl%C3%ADzky_v%C3%BDchod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blízky východ">Blízkom východe</a>, a to najmä prostredníctvom vojenskej intervencie v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ob%C4%8Dianska_vojna_v_S%C3%BDrii?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Občianska vojna v Sýrii">sýrskej občianskej vojne</a>. Na zvýšenie vnímania ruskej moci sa využíva kybernetická vojna a narúšanie vzdušného priestoru spolu so zasahovaním do volieb.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Vzťahy Ruska so susednou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrajina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajinou</a> a západným svetom – najmä so <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spojené štáty">Spojenými štátmi</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pska_%C3%BAnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európska únia">Európskou úniou</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiz%C3%A1cia_Severoatlantickej_zmluvy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizácia Severoatlantickej zmluvy">NATO</a> – sa zrútili; najmä po začiatku rusko-ukrajinskej vojny v roku 2014 a následnej eskalácii v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Vzťahy medzi Ruskom a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čína">Čínou</a> sa bilaterálne a ekonomicky výrazne posilnili; kvôli spoločným politickým záujmom. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turecko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turecko">Turecko</a> a Rusko majú komplexné strategické, energetické a obranné vzťahy. Rusko udržiava srdečné vzťahy s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irán">Iránom</a>, keďže ide o strategického a ekonomického spojenca. Rusko sa tiež čoraz viac snaží rozšíriť svoj vplyv v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arkt%C3%ADda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arktída">Arktíde</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ázia">Ázii</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tich%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tichý oceán">Tichomorí</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrika">Afrike</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> na Blízkom východe, v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinsk%C3%A1_Amerika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinská Amerika">Latinskej Amerike</a> a ďalších oblastiach. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ozbrojené_sily">Ozbrojené sily</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Ozbrojené sily" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Sukhoi_Design_Bureau,_054,_Sukhoi_Su-57_(49581303977).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg/220px-Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg/220px-Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg/330px-Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg/440px-Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suchoj_Su-57?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suchoj Su-57">Suchoj Su-57</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St%C3%ADhacie_lietadlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stíhacie lietadlo">stíhacie lietadlo</a> 5. generácie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vojensk%C3%A9_vzdu%C5%A1n%C3%A9_sily_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vojenské vzdušné sily Ruskej federácie">ruských vzdušných síl</a> </figcaption> </figure> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ozbrojen%C3%A9_sily_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ozbrojené sily Ruskej federácie">Ozbrojené sily Ruskej federácie</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ozbrojen%C3%A9_sily_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ozbrojené sily Ruskej federácie">Ozbrojené sily Ruskej federácie</a> sa delia na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pozemn%C3%A9_vojsko_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pozemné vojsko Ruskej federácie (stránka neexistuje)">pozemné vojsko</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vzdu%C5%A1no-kozmick%C3%A9_sily_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vzdušno-kozmické sily Ruskej federácie">vzdušno-kozmické sily</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vojensk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1morn%C3%ADctvo_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vojenské námorníctvo Ruskej federácie (stránka neexistuje)">vojenské námorníctvo</a>. V rámci ozbrojených síl sú ešte dva samostatné druhy vojsk, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Raketov%C3%A9_vojsko_strategick%C3%A9ho_ur%C4%8Denia_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Raketové vojsko strategického určenia Ruskej federácie (stránka neexistuje)">raketové vojsko strategického určenia</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vzdu%C5%A1no-v%C3%BDsadkov%C3%A9_vojsko_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vzdušno-výsadkové vojsko Ruskej federácie (stránka neexistuje)">vzdušno-výsadkové vojsko</a>. Od roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021">2021</a> majú ruské ozbrojené sily približne milión príslušníkov v aktívnej službe, čo je piata najväčšia armáda na svete, a približne 2 až 20 miliónov príslušníkov v zálohe. Všetci občania mužského pohlavia vo veku 18 až 27 rokov musia povinne absolvovať ročnú službu v ozbrojených silách.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Rusko patrí medzi päť uznaných štátov vlastniacich <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jadrov%C3%A1_zbra%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jadrová zbraň">jadrové zbrane</a> a má najväčší arzenál jadrových zbraní na svete; viac ako polovica jadrových zbraní sveta patrí Rusku.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Rusko tiež vlastní najväčšiu flotilu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ponorka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ponorka">ponoriek</a> schopných niesť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balistick%C3%A1_raketa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balistická raketa">balistické rakety</a> s jadrovými hlavicami<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> a je jednou z troch krajín, ktoré prevádzkujú strategické <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bombardovacie_lietadlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bombardovacie lietadlo">bombardéry</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Rusko si udržiava štvrté najvyššie vojenské výdavky na svete, pričom v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2020?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2020">2020</a> vynaložilo na armádu 61,7 miliardy <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dol%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Americký dolár">dolárov</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a> V roku 2021 bolo druhým najväčším vývozcom zbraní na svete a malo veľký a plne domáci obranný priemysel, ktorý vyrábal väčšinu vlastného vojenského vybavenia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ľudské_práva_a_korupcia">Ľudské práva a korupcia</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Ľudské práva a korupcia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Protest_against_the_invasion_of_Ukraine_(Yekaterinburg,_February_24,_2022).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Protest_against_the_invasion_of_Ukraine_%28Yekaterinburg%2C_February_24%2C_2022%29.jpg/220px-Protest_against_the_invasion_of_Ukraine_%28Yekaterinburg%2C_February_24%2C_2022%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Protest_against_the_invasion_of_Ukraine_%28Yekaterinburg%2C_February_24%2C_2022%29.jpg/220px-Protest_against_the_invasion_of_Ukraine_%28Yekaterinburg%2C_February_24%2C_2022%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Protest_against_the_invasion_of_Ukraine_%28Yekaterinburg%2C_February_24%2C_2022%29.jpg/330px-Protest_against_the_invasion_of_Ukraine_%28Yekaterinburg%2C_February_24%2C_2022%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Protest_against_the_invasion_of_Ukraine_%28Yekaterinburg%2C_February_24%2C_2022%29.jpg/440px-Protest_against_the_invasion_of_Ukraine_%28Yekaterinburg%2C_February_24%2C_2022%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_inv%C3%A1zia_na_Ukrajinu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská invázia na Ukrajinu">ruskej invázii na Ukrajinu</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a> vypukli v celom Rusku protivojnové protesty. Protesty sa stretli s rozsiahlymi represiami, ktoré viedli k zatknutiu približne 15 000 ľudí </figcaption> </figure> Popredné demokratické a ľudskoprávne skupiny čoraz častejšie kritizujú nedodržiavanie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%BDudsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1va?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ľudské práva">ľudských práv</a> v Rusku. Najmä <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amnesty_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> a Human Rights Watch tvrdia, že Rusko nie je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demokracia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demokracia">demokratické</a> a svojim občanom poskytuje len málo politických práv a občianskych slobôd.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Od roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2004?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2004">2004</a> hodnotí organizácia Freedom House Rusko vo svojom prieskume Freedom in the World ako „neslobodné“,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Economist Intelligence Unit vo svojom indexe demokracie hodnotí Rusko od roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011">2011</a> ako „autoritatívny režim“ a v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021">2021</a> ho zaradila na 124. miesto zo 167 krajín.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Pokiaľ ide o slobodu médií, Rusko sa v indexe slobody tlače organizácie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Report%C3%A9ri_bez_hran%C3%ADc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reportéri bez hraníc">Reportéri bez hraníc</a> za rok <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a> umiestnilo na 155. mieste zo 180 krajín.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Ruská vláda bola široko kritizovaná politickými <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disident?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Disident">disidentmi</a> a aktivistami za ľudské práva za nespravodlivé voľby,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a> zásahy proti opozičným politickým stranám a protestom,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> prenasledovanie mimovládnych organizácií a násilné potláčanie a zabíjanie nezávislých novinárov,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cenz%C3%BAra_(kontrola_inform%C3%A1ci%C3%AD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cenzúra (kontrola informácií)">cenzúru</a> masmédií a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cenz%C3%BAra_internetu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cenzúra internetu">internetu</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Ruský autokratický<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a> politický systém bol rôzne označovaný ako kleptokracia, oligarchia a plutokracia. V indexe vnímania korupcie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transparency_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> za rok 2021 bolo najnižšie hodnotenou európskou krajinou, keď sa umiestnilo na 136. mieste zo 180 krajín.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Rusko má dlhú históriu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korupcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korupcia">korupcie</a>, ktorá sa považuje za významný problém.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Ovplyvňuje rôzne odvetvia vrátane hospodárstva,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a> podnikania, verejnej správy,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> presadzovania práva, zdravotníctva,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a> vzdelávania<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a> a armády.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moslim_(vyzn%C3%A1va%C4%8D_islamu)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moslim (vyznávač islamu)">Moslimovia</a>, najmä <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salaf%C3%ADja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salafíja">salafisti</a>, čelia v Rusku prenasledovaniu.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a> S cieľom potlačiť povstanie na severnom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaukaz_(geografick%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaukaz (geografická oblasť)">Kaukaze</a> sú ruské orgány obviňované z nevyberavého zabíjania,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[59]</a> zatýkania, násilných zmiznutí a mučenia civilistov.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[60]</a> V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dagestan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dagestan">Dagestane</a> boli niektorým salafistom spolu s tým, že čelili prenasledovaniu zo strany vlády na základe ich vzhľadu, vyhodené do vzduchu ich domy v rámci protipovstaleckých operácií.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Ce%C4%8Denci&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Čečenci (stránka neexistuje)">Čečenci</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ingu%C5%A1i?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inguši">Inguši</a> sú v ruských väzniciach údajne vystavení väčšiemu týraniu ako iné etnické skupiny.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Počas <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_inv%C3%A1zia_na_Ukrajinu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská invázia na Ukrajinu">invázie na Ukrajinu</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a> Rusko zriadilo filtračné tábory, v ktorých sú mnohí <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrajinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrajinci">Ukrajinci</a> vystavení týraniu a násilne posielaní do Ruska; tieto tábory sa prirovnávajú k táborom používaným počas čečenských vojen.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[63]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Ekonomika">Ekonomika</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Ekonomika" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Moscow_(52078730783).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Moscow_%2852078730783%29.jpg/220px-Moscow_%2852078730783%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5912" data-file-height="3925"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Moscow_%2852078730783%29.jpg/220px-Moscow_%2852078730783%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Moscow_%2852078730783%29.jpg/330px-Moscow_%2852078730783%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Moscow_%2852078730783%29.jpg/440px-Moscow_%2852078730783%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskovskij_Me%C5%BEdunarodnyj_Delovoj_Centr_%E2%80%9EMoskva-Siti%E2%80%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskovskij Meždunarodnyj Delovoj Centr „Moskva-Siti“">Moskovskij Meždunarodnyj Delovoj Centr „Moskva-Siti“</a>. Mesto Moskva má jednu z najväčších mestských ekonomík na svete </figcaption> </figure> Rusko má zmiešanú ekonomiku<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[64]</a> s obrovskými prírodnými zdrojmi, najmä <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ropa">ropou</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zemn%C3%BD_plyn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zemný plyn">zemným plynom</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Podľa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hrub%C3%BD_dom%C3%A1ci_produkt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hrubý domáci produkt">nominálneho HDP</a> je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_hrub%C3%A9ho_dom%C3%A1ceho_produktu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam štátov podľa hrubého domáceho produktu">deviatou najväčšou ekonomikou na svete</a> a šiestou najväčšou podľa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parita_k%C3%BApnej_sily_(teoretick%C3%BD_v%C3%BDmenn%C3%BD_kurz)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parita kúpnej sily (teoretický výmenný kurz)">parity kúpnej sily</a>. Veľký sektor služieb tvorí 62% celkového HDP, nasleduje priemyselný sektor (32%), zatiaľ čo poľnohospodársky sektor je najmenší a tvorí len 5% celkového HDP. Rusko má nízku oficiálnu mieru nezamestnanosti 4,1%.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Jeho devízové rezervy sú piate najväčšie na svete a majú hodnotu 540 miliárd <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dol%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Americký dolár">dolárov</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Má približne 70 miliónov pracovnej sily, čo je šiesta najväčšia pracovná sila na svete.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Rusko je trinástym najväčším vývozcom na svete a 21. najväčším dovozcom.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Vo veľkej miere sa spolieha na príjmy z daní a vývozných ciel súvisiacich s ropou a plynom, ktoré v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Janu%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Január">januári</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a> predstavovali 45% príjmov ruského federálneho rozpočtu<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71">[71]</a> a v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019">2019</a> až 60% jeho vývozu.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Ministerstvo prírodných zdrojov a životného prostredia odhadlo v roku 2019 hodnotu prírodných zdrojov na 60% HDP krajiny.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Rusko má jednu z najnižších úrovní zahraničného dlhu spomedzi veľkých ekonomík,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[74]</a> hoci nerovnosť príjmov a bohatstva domácností je jednou z najvyšších medzi rozvinutými krajinami. Problémom sú aj vysoké regionálne rozdiely. Po viac ako desaťročí postsovietskeho rýchleho hospodárskeho rastu, ktorý bol podporovaný vysokými cenami ropy a nárastom devízových rezerv a investícií,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[75]</a> bolo ruské hospodárstvo poškodené po začiatku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko-ukrajinsk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusko-ukrajinská vojna">rusko-ukrajinskej vojny</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anexia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anexia">anexii</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krym_(republika)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krym (republika)">Krymu</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014">2014</a> v dôsledku uvalenia prvej vlny západných sankcií. Po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_inv%C3%A1zia_na_Ukrajinu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská invázia na Ukrajinu">ruskej invázii na Ukrajinu</a> v roku 2022 krajina čelila obnoveným sankciám a bojkotom zo strany firiem,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[76]</a> čím sa stala najviac sankcionovanou krajinou na svete,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[77]</a> v rámci kroku, ktorý sa opisuje ako „totálna ekonomická a finančná vojna“ s cieľom izolovať ruskú ekonomiku od západného finančného systému.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[78]</a> V dôsledku týchto dopadov ruská vláda prestala od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apr%C3%ADl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apríl">apríla</a> 2022 zverejňovať množstvo ekonomických údajov.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Ekonómovia naznačujú, že sankcie budú mať dlhodobý vplyv na ruskú ekonomiku.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Doprava_a_energetika">Doprava a energetika</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Doprava a energetika" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:VL_85-022_container_train.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/VL_85-022_container_train.jpg/220px-VL_85-022_container_train.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="825"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/VL_85-022_container_train.jpg/220px-VL_85-022_container_train.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/VL_85-022_container_train.jpg/330px-VL_85-022_container_train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/VL_85-022_container_train.jpg/440px-VL_85-022_container_train.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transsib%C3%ADrska_magistr%C3%A1la?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transsibírska magistrála">Transsibírska magistrála</a> je najdlhšia nepretržitá železničná trať na svete. Spája <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskvu</a> s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladivostok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostokom</a> </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BDeleznica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Železnica">Železničná doprava</a> v Rusku je zväčša pod kontrolou štátnych Ruských železníc. Celková dĺžka bežne používaných <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BDelezni%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_tra%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Železničná trať">železničných tratí</a> je tretia najdlhšia na svete a presahuje 87 000 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kilometer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kilometer">km</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Od roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2016?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2016">2016</a> má Rusko piatu najväčšiu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cesta_(stavba)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cesta (stavba)">cestnú</a> sieť na svete s 1,5 milióna km ciest,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[82]</a> pričom hustota cestnej siete patrí k najnižším na svete.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Ruské vnútrozemské vodné cesty sú najdlhšie na svete a ich celková dĺžka je 102 000 km.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Spomedzi 1 218 ruských <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Letisko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letisko">letísk</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[85]</a> je najvyťaženejšie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A9_letisko_%C5%A0eremetievo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medzinárodné letisko Šeremetievo">Medzinárodné letisko Šeremetievo</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskve</a>. Najväčším ruským <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%ADstav?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prístav">prístavom</a> je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novorossijsk_(Krasnodarsk%C3%BD_kraj)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novorossijsk (Krasnodarský kraj)">Novorossijsk</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krasnodarsk%C3%BD_kraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krasnodarský kraj">Krasnodarskom kraji</a> na pobreží <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cierne_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čierne more">Čierneho mora</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Rusko je všeobecne označované za energetickú veľmoc.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Má najväčšie preukázané zásoby <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zemn%C3%BD_plyn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zemný plyn">zemného plynu</a> na svete, druhé najväčšie zásoby <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uhlie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uhlie">uhlia</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88">[88]</a> ôsme najväčšie zásoby <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ropa">ropy</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89">[89]</a> a najväčšie zásoby <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bridlica_(sediment)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bridlica (sediment)">bridlíc</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európe</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Rusko je tiež najväčším vývozcom zemného plynu na svete,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91">[91]</a> druhým najväčším producentom zemného plynu a druhým najväčším producentom a vývozcom ropy.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Ťažba ropy a zemného plynu v Rusku viedla k hlbokým hospodárskym vzťahom s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pska_%C3%BAnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európska únia">Európskou úniou</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čína">Čínou</a> a štátmi bývalého <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">Sovietskeho zväzu</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%BD_blok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Východný blok">východného bloku</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Napríklad za posledné desaťročie sa podiel dodávok Ruska na celkovom dopyte Európskej únie (vrátane <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spojené kráľovstvo">Spojeného kráľovstva</a>) po plyne zvýšil z 25% v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2009">2009</a> na 32% v týždňoch pred <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_inv%C3%A1zia_na_Ukrajinu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská invázia na Ukrajinu">ruskou inváziou na Ukrajinu</a> vo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Febru%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Február">februári</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a>. Rusko sa zaviazalo k Parížskej dohode potom, ako sa v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019">2019</a> k paktu oficiálne pripojilo.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emisia_(%C5%BEivotn%C3%A9_prostredie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emisia (životné prostredie)">Emisie</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sklen%C3%ADkov%C3%BD_plyn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skleníkový plyn">skleníkových plynov</a> Ruska sú štvrté najväčšie na svete.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Rusko je štvrtým najväčším výrobcom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A1_energia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elektrická energia">elektriny</a> na svete a deviatym najväčším výrobcom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obnovite%C4%BEn%C3%BD_zdroj_energie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obnoviteľný zdroj energie">energie z obnoviteľných zdrojov</a> v roku 2019. Bolo tiež prvou krajinou na svete, ktorá začala rozvíjať civilnú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jadrov%C3%A1_energia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jadrová energia">jadrovú energetiku</a> a postavila prvú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jadrov%C3%A1_elektr%C3%A1re%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jadrová elektráreň">jadrovú elektráreň</a> na svete.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[97]</a> V roku 2019 bolo Rusko tiež štvrtým najväčším výrobcom jadrovej energie na svete<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98">[98]</a> a v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021">2021</a> bolo piatym najväčším výrobcom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vodn%C3%A1_energia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vodná energia">vodnej energie</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Poľnohospodárstvo_a_rybolov">Poľnohospodárstvo a rybolov</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=43&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Poľnohospodárstvo a rybolov" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Wheat_Tomsk.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wheat_Tomsk.jpg/220px-Wheat_Tomsk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wheat_Tomsk.jpg/220px-Wheat_Tomsk.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wheat_Tomsk.jpg/330px-Wheat_Tomsk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wheat_Tomsk.jpg/440px-Wheat_Tomsk.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C5%A1enica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pšenica">Pšenica</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tomsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tomská oblasť">Tomskej oblasti</a> na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sib%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibír">Sibíri</a> </figcaption> </figure> Ruské <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C4%BEnohospod%C3%A1rstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poľnohospodárstvo">poľnohospodárstvo</a> sa na celkovom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hrub%C3%BD_dom%C3%A1ci_produkt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hrubý domáci produkt">HDP</a> krajiny podieľa približne 5%, hoci zamestnáva asi jednu osminu celkovej pracovnej sily.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Má tretiu najväčšiu obrábanú plochu na svete, 1 265 267 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0tvorcov%C3%BD_kilometer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Štvorcový kilometer">km²</a>. Vzhľadom na drsné životné prostredie tvorí približne len 13,1% tejto plochy poľnohospodárska pôda a len 7,4% orná pôda.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Poľnohospodárska pôda krajiny sa považuje za súčasť „obilnice“ <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európy</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Viac ako tretina osiatej plochy je určená na pestovanie krmovín a zvyšná poľnohospodárska pôda je určená na pestovanie technických plodín, zeleniny a ovocia. Hlavným produktom ruského poľnohospodárstva bolo vždy obilie, ktoré zaberá podstatne viac ako polovicu ornej pôdy. Rusko je najväčším svetovým vývozcom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C5%A1enica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pšenica">pšenice</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103">[103]</a> najväčším producentom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ja%C4%8Dme%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jačmeň">jačmeňa</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poh%C3%A1nka_jedl%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pohánka jedlá">pohánky</a>, patrí medzi najväčších vývozcov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kukurica_siata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kukurica siata">kukurice</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slne%C4%8Dnicov%C3%BD_olej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slnečnicový olej">slnečnicového oleja</a> a je popredným výrobcom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hnojivo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hnojivo">hnojív</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Rôzni analytici adaptácie na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klimatick%C3%A9_zmeny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klimatické zmeny">klimatické zmeny</a> predpokladajú veľké príležitosti pre ruské poľnohospodárstvo po celé <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21. storočie">21. storočie</a>, keďže na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sib%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibír">Sibíri</a> sa zvyšuje arabilita, čo by viedlo k vnútornej aj vonkajšej migrácii do regiónu.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Vďaka veľkému pobrežiu pozdĺž troch oceánov a dvanástich okrajových morí si Rusko udržiava šiesty najväčší <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ryb%C3%A1rstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rybárstvo">rybársky priemysel</a> na svete; v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018">2018</a> vylovilo takmer 5 miliónov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tona">ton</a> rýb.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Je domovom najlepšieho <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kavi%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaviár">kaviáru</a> na svete, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vyza_ve%C4%BEk%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vyza veľká">vyzy veľkej</a>; a produkuje približne tretinu všetkých konzervovaných rýb a približne štvrtinu všetkých čerstvých a mrazených rýb na svete. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Veda_a_technika">Veda a technika</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=44&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Veda a technika" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:M.V._Lomonosov_by_L.Miropolskiy_after_G.C.Prenner_(1787,_RAN).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/M.V._Lomonosov_by_L.Miropolskiy_after_G.C.Prenner_%281787%2C_RAN%29.jpg/170px-M.V._Lomonosov_by_L.Miropolskiy_after_G.C.Prenner_%281787%2C_RAN%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 228px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/M.V._Lomonosov_by_L.Miropolskiy_after_G.C.Prenner_%281787%2C_RAN%29.jpg/170px-M.V._Lomonosov_by_L.Miropolskiy_after_G.C.Prenner_%281787%2C_RAN%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="228" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/M.V._Lomonosov_by_L.Miropolskiy_after_G.C.Prenner_%281787%2C_RAN%29.jpg/255px-M.V._Lomonosov_by_L.Miropolskiy_after_G.C.Prenner_%281787%2C_RAN%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/M.V._Lomonosov_by_L.Miropolskiy_after_G.C.Prenner_%281787%2C_RAN%29.jpg/340px-M.V._Lomonosov_by_L.Miropolskiy_after_G.C.Prenner_%281787%2C_RAN%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Lomonosov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Vasilievič Lomonosov">Michail Lomonosov</a> (1711 – 1765), prírodovedec, filozof, chemik, spisovateľ a maliar </figcaption> </figure> V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019">2019</a> Rusko vynaložilo na výskum a vývoj približne 1% svojho <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hrub%C3%BD_dom%C3%A1ci_produkt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hrubý domáci produkt">HDP</a>, pričom jeho rozpočet bol desiaty najvyšší na svete.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107">[107]</a> V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2020?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2020">2020</a> sa tiež umiestnilo na desiatom mieste na svete v počte vedeckých publikácií s približne 1,3 milióna prác.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Od roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1904?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1904">1904</a> bola <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nobelova_cena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nobelova cena">Nobelova cena</a> udelená 26 Sovietom a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusi">Rusom</a> v oblasti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_nosite%C4%BEov_Nobelovej_ceny_za_fyziku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam nositeľov Nobelovej ceny za fyziku">fyziky</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_nosite%C4%BEov_Nobelovej_ceny_za_ch%C3%A9miu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam nositeľov Nobelovej ceny za chémiu">chémie</a>, medicíny, hospodárstva, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_nosite%C4%BEov_Nobelovej_ceny_za_literat%C3%BAru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam nositeľov Nobelovej ceny za literatúru">literatúry</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoznam_nosite%C4%BEov_Nobelovej_ceny_za_mier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoznam nositeľov Nobelovej ceny za mier">mieru</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Rusko sa v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021">2021</a> umiestnilo na 45. mieste v globálnom inovačnom indexe.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Lomonosov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Vasilievič Lomonosov">Michail Lomonosov</a> zjednodušil formuláciu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Z%C3%A1kon_zachovania_hmotnosti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zákon zachovania hmotnosti">zákona zachovania hmotnosti</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_reakcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chemická reakcia">chemických reakciách</a>, objavil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A9ra_(kozmick%C3%A9ho_telesa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atmosféra (kozmického telesa)">atmosféru</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venu%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venuša">Venuše</a> a založil modernú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geol%C3%B3gia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geológia">geológiu</a>. Od čias <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikolaj_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Loba%C4%8Devskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaj Ivanovič Lobačevskij">Nikolaja Lobačevského</a>, ktorý bol priekopníkom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neeuklidovsk%C3%A1_geometria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neeuklidovská geometria">neeuklidovskej geometrie</a>, a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pafnutij_%C4%BDvovi%C4%8D_%C4%8Ceby%C5%A1ov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pafnutij Ľvovič Čebyšov">Pafnutija Čebyšova</a>, významného učiteľa; sa ruskí matematici stali jednými z najvplyvnejších na svete. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dmitrij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Mendelejev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dmitrij Ivanovič Mendelejev">Dmitrij Mendelejev</a> vynašiel <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Periodická tabuľka">periodickú tabuľku</a>, hlavný rámec modernej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A9mia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chémia">chémie</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sofija_Vasilievna_Kovalevsk%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sofija Vasilievna Kovalevská">Sofija Kovalevská</a> bola priekopníčkou medzi ženami v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matematika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matematika">matematike</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19. storočie">19. storočí</a>. Deväť sovietskych a ruských matematikov bolo ocenených <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fieldsova_medaila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fieldsova medaila">Fieldsovou medailou</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grigorij_Jakovlevi%C4%8D_Pere%C4%BEman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grigorij Jakovlevič Pereľman">Grigorijovi Pereľmanovi</a> bola v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2002?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2002">2002</a> za jeho konečný dôkaz Poincarého domnienky ponúknutá vôbec prvá Clayova cena za problémy tisícročia, ako aj Fieldsova medaila v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006">2006</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Stepanovi%C4%8D_Popov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Stepanovič Popov">Alexandr Popov</a> patril medzi vynálezcov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rozhlas_(zvuk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rozhlas (zvuk)">rádia</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111">[111]</a> zatiaľ čo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikolaj_Gennadijevi%C4%8D_Basov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaj Gennadijevič Basov">Nikolaj Basov</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Prochorov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Michajlovič Prochorov">Alexandr Prochorov</a> boli spoluvynálezcami <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laser">lasera</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maser_(gener%C3%A1tor)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maser (generátor)">masera</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BDores_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Alfiorov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Žores Ivanovič Alfiorov">Žores Alfiorov</a> významne prispel k vytvoreniu modernej fyziky heterostruktúr a elektroniky. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Oleg_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Losev&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Oleg Vladimirovič Losev (stránka neexistuje)">Oleg Losev</a> zásadne prispel v oblasti polovodičových spojov a objavil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luminiscen%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_di%C3%B3da?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luminiscenčná dióda">svetelné diódy</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Vernadskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Ivanovič Vernadskij">Vladimir Vernadskij</a> sa považuje za jedného zo zakladateľov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoch%C3%A9mia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geochémia">geochémie</a>, biogeochémie a rádiogeológie. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lie_Metchnikoff&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Élie Metchnikoff (stránka neexistuje)">Élie Metchnikoff</a> je známy svojím prelomovým výskumom v oblasti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imunol%C3%B3gia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imunológia">imunológie</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivan_Petrovi%C4%8D_Pavlov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivan Petrovič Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a> je známy najmä svojou prácou v oblasti klasického podmieňovania. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_Davidovi%C4%8D_Landau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lev Davidovič Landau">Lev Landau</a> zásadne prispel do mnohých oblastí <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teoretick%C3%A1_fyzika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teoretická fyzika">teoretickej fyziky</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikolaj_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Vavilov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaj Ivanovič Vavilov">Nikolaj Vavilov</a> bol známy najmä tým, že určil centrá pôvodu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kult%C3%BArna_rastlina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kultúrna rastlina">kultúrnych rastlín</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Mnohí slávni ruskí vedci a vynálezcovia boli emigrantmi. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igor Sikorsky">Igor Sikorsky</a> bol priekopníkom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Letectvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letectvo">letectva</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Kozmi%C4%8D_Zvorykin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vladimir Kozmič Zvorykin (stránka neexistuje)">Vladimir Zvorykin</a> bol vynálezcom ikonoskopu a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telev%C3%ADzia_(prenos)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Televízia (prenos)">televízneho</a> systému kineskopu,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a> bol ústrednou postavou v oblasti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evolu%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_biol%C3%B3gia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evolučná biológia">evolučnej biológie</a> pre svoju prácu pri formovaní modernej syntézy,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Gamow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Gamow">George Gamow</a> bol jedným z hlavných obhajcov teórie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_tresk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľký tresk">veľkého tresku</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116">[116]</a> mnohí zahraniční vedci žili a pracovali v Rusku dlhé obdobie, napríklad <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonhard_Euler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Euler</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_Nobel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Kozmonautika">Kozmonautika</h4> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=45&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Kozmonautika" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Mir_during_STS-74_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Mir_during_STS-74_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mir_during_STS-74_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4718" data-file-height="3830"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 179px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Mir_during_STS-74_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mir_during_STS-74_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Mir_during_STS-74_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mir_during_STS-74_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Mir_during_STS-74_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mir_during_STS-74_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kozmick%C3%A1_stanica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kozmická stanica">Kozmická stanica</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mir">Mir</a>, prvá viacmodulová stanica sveta a prvá nepretržite obývaná dlhodobá vedecká stanica vo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vesm%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vesmír">vesmíre</a>, lietala na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%ADzka_obe%C5%BEn%C3%A1_dr%C3%A1ha_Zeme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nízka obežná dráha Zeme">nízkej obežnej dráhe</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zem">Zeme</a> v rokoch 1986 až 2001 </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roskosmos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roskosmos">Roskosmos</a> je ruská národná kozmická agentúra. Úspechy krajiny v oblasti kozmických technológií a výskumu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vesm%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vesmír">vesmíru</a> možno vysledovať až ku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstantin_Eduardovi%C4%8D_Ciolkovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstantin Eduardovič Ciolkovskij">Konstantinovi Ciolkovskému</a>, otcovi teoretickej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kozmonautika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kozmonautika">kozmonautiky</a>, ktorého práce inšpirovali popredných sovietskych <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raketa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raketa">raketových</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/In%C5%BEinierstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inžinierstvo">inžinierov</a>, ako napríklad <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergej_Pavlovi%C4%8D_Koro%C4%BEov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergej Pavlovič Koroľov">Sergeja Koroľova</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valentin_Petrovi%C4%8D_Glu%C5%A1ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valentin Petrovič Gluško">Valentina Gluška</a> a mnohých ďalších, ktorí prispeli k úspechu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_kozmick%C3%BD_program?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky kozmický program">sovietskeho kozmického programu</a> v počiatočných fázach <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vesm%C3%ADrne_preteky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vesmírne preteky">vesmírnych pretekov</a> a neskôr. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1957?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1957">1957</a> bola vypustená na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obe%C5%BEn%C3%A1_dr%C3%A1ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obežná dráha">obežnú dráhu</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zem">Zeme</a> prvá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Umel%C3%A1_dru%C5%BEica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Umelá družica">umelá družica</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sputnik_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik</a>. O mesiac neskôr vyniesla družica <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sputnik_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sputnik 2">Sputnik 2</a> do vesmíru psa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lajka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lajka">Lajku</a>, prvého živého tvora na obežnej dráhe Zeme. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1961?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1961">1961</a> sa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jurij_Alexejevi%C4%8D_Gagarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jurij Alexejevič Gagarin">Jurij Gagarin</a> na palube <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kozmick%C3%A1_lo%C4%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kozmická loď">kozmickej lode</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vostok_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vostok 1">Vostok</a> stal prvým človekom, ktorý vyletel do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kozmick%C3%BD_priestor_(astron%C3%B3mia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kozmický priestor (astronómia)">kozmického priestoru</a>. Nasledovalo mnoho ďalších sovietskych a ruských rekordov vo výskume vesmíru. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1963?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1963">1963</a> sa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valentina_Vladimirovna_Tere%C5%A1kovov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valentina Vladimirovna Tereškovová">Valentina Tereškovová</a> stala prvou a najmladšou ženou vo vesmíre, keď absolvovala samostatný <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kozmick%C3%BD_let?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kozmický let">kozmický let</a> na palube <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vostok_6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vostok 6">Vostoku 6</a>. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1965?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1965">1965</a> sa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexej_Archipovi%C4%8D_Leonov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexej Archipovič Leonov">Alexej Leonov</a> stal prvým človekom, ktorý uskutočnil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%BDstup_do_otvoren%C3%A9ho_vesm%C3%ADru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Výstup do otvoreného vesmíru">výstup do otvoreného vesmíru</a>, keď počas letu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voschod_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voschod 2">Voschod 2</a> vystúpil z kabíny lode. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1966?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1966">1966</a> na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesiac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesiac">Mesiaci</a> pristála <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kozmick%C3%A1_sonda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kozmická sonda">sonda</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luna_9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a>, ktorá ako prvá v histórii učinila mäkké pristátie na inom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronomick%C3%BD_objekt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronomický objekt">kozmickom telese</a>. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1968?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1968">1968</a> vyniesla kozmická loď <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zond_5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zond 5">Zond 5</a> prvé živé organizmy k Mesiacu a späť. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1970?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1970">1970</a> pristála na Mesiaci sonda <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luna_17?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luna 17">Luna 17</a> a dopravila tam vozidlo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lunochod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lunochod">Lunochod 1</a>, prvé robotické vozidlo použité pri kozmickom výskume. O mesiac neskôr pristála na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venu%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venuša">Venuši</a> sonda <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venera-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venera-7">Venera-7</a>, prvá sonda vyrobená človekom, ktorá úspešne pristála na inej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plan%C3%A9ta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Planéta">planéte</a> a zaslala informácie naspäť na Zem. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1971">1971</a> odštartovala <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kozmick%C3%A1_stanica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kozmická stanica">kozmická stanica</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sa%C4%BEut_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saľut 1">Saľut 1</a>, prvá orbitálna stanica sveta a ešte v tom istom roku sa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mars_3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a> stal prvou kozmickou sondou, ktorá ako prvá v histórii mäkko pristála na povrchu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mars">Marsu</a>. V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apr%C3%ADl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apríl">apríli</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a> malo Rusko vo vesmíre 172 aktívnych družíc, čo bol tretí najvyšší počet na svete.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cestovný_ruch">Cestovný ruch</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=46&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Cestovný ruch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/220px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/220px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/330px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/440px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petergof_(pal%C3%A1c)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petergof (palác)">Petergof</a>, bývalá honosná rezidencia ruských imperátorov </figcaption> </figure> Podľa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNWTO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UNWTO">Svetovej organizácie cestovného ruchu</a> (UNWTO) bolo Rusko v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018">2018</a> šestnástou najnavštevovanejšou krajinou na svete a desiatou najnavštevovanejšou krajinou v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európe</a> s viac ako 24,6 miliónmi návštev.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118">[118]</a> V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019">2019</a> dosiahol podľa Federálnej agentúry pre cestovný ruch počet príjazdov zahraničných občanov do Ruska 24,4 milióna. Príjmy Ruska z medzinárodného <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cestovn%C3%BD_ruch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cestovný ruch">cestovného ruchu</a> predstavovali v roku 2018 11,6 miliardy <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dol%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Americký dolár">dolárov</a>. Cestovný ruch tvoril v roku 2019 približne 4,8% celkového <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hrub%C3%BD_dom%C3%A1ci_produkt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hrubý domáci produkt">HDP</a> krajiny.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Medzi hlavné turistické trasy patrí cesta po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zlat%C3%BD_kruh_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zlatý kruh Ruska">Zlatom kruhu Ruska</a>, tematickej trase starobylých ruských miest, plavieb po veľkých riekach, ako je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volga">Volga</a>, túr po horských masívoch, ako je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_Kaukaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľký Kaukaz">Kaukaz</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120">[120]</a> a ciest po slávnej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transsib%C3%ADrska_magistr%C3%A1la?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transsibírska magistrála">Transsibírskej magistrále</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Medzi najnavštevovanejšie a najobľúbenejšie pamiatky Ruska patria <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cerven%C3%A9_n%C3%A1mestie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Červené námestie">Červené námestie</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petergof_(pal%C3%A1c)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petergof (palác)">Petergof</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kazansk%C3%BD_kreme%C4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kazanský kremeľ (stránka neexistuje)">Kazanský kremeľ</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trojicko-sergijevsk%C3%A1_lavra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trojicko-sergijevská lavra">Trojicko-sergijevská lavra</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bajkalsk%C3%A9_jazero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bajkalské jazero">Bajkalské jazero</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskva</a>, kozmopolitné hlavné mesto a historické jadro krajiny, je rušným veľkomestom. Zachováva si klasickú architektúru a architektúru sovietskej éry; zároveň sa môže pochváliť vysokým umením, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balet">baletom</a> svetovej úrovne a modernými <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mrakodrap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mrakodrap">mrakodrapmi</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrad</a>, hlavné mesto impéria, je známy svojou klasickou architektúrou, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedr%C3%A1la?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedrála">katedrálami</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAzeum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Múzeum">múzeami</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divadlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Divadlo">divadlami</a>, festivalom Biele noci, križujúcimi sa riekami a početnými kanálmi.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Rusko je celosvetovo známe svojimi bohatými múzeami, ako sú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0t%C3%A1tne_rusk%C3%A9_m%C3%BAzeum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Štátne ruské múzeum">Štátne ruské múzeum</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ermit%C3%A1%C5%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ermitáž">Ermitáž</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0t%C3%A1tna_Tretiakovsk%C3%A1_gal%C3%A9ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Štátna Tretiakovská galéria">Štátna Tretiakovská galéria</a>; a divadlami, ako sú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bo%C4%BE%C5%A1oj_teatr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boľšoj teatr">Boľšoj teatr</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mariinskij_teatr&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mariinskij teatr (stránka neexistuje)">Mariinskij teatr</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskovsk%C3%BD_kreme%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskovský kremeľ">Moskovský kremeľ</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chr%C3%A1m_Vasilija_Bla%C5%BEen%C3%A9ho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chrám Vasilija Blaženého">Chrám Vasilija Blaženého</a> patria k typickým symbolom Ruska.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125">[125]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Kultúra">Kultúra</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=47&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Kultúra" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_kult%C3%BAra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská kultúra">Ruská kultúra</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg/220px-Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6728" data-file-height="5598"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg/220px-Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg/330px-Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg/440px-Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bo%C4%BE%C5%A1oj_teatr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boľšoj teatr">Boľšoj teatr</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskve</a> </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_kult%C3%BAra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská kultúra">Ruská kultúra</a> bola formovaná históriou národa, jeho geografickou polohou a obrovskou rozlohou, náboženskými a sociálnymi tradíciami a vplyvom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%A1_kult%C3%BAra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Západná kultúra">Západu</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Ruskí <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_literat%C3%BAra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská literatúra">spisovatelia</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_filozofia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská filozofia">filozofi</a> zohrali dôležitú úlohu vo vývoji <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pska_literat%C3%BAra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európska literatúra">európskej literatúry</a> a myslenia. Rusi tiež výrazne ovplyvnili klasickú hudbu, balet, šport, maliarstvo a kinematografiu.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Národ tiež priekopnícky prispel k vede a technológiám a výskumu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vesm%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vesmír">vesmíru</a>. V Rusku sa nachádza 30 pamiatok <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svetov%C3%A9_dedi%C4%8Dstvo_UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svetové dedičstvo UNESCO">svetového dedičstva UNESCO</a>, z toho 19 kultúrnych, pričom ďalších 27 pamiatok leží na predbežnom zozname.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Veľká globálna ruská diaspóra tiež zohrala významnú úlohu pri šírení ruskej kultúry vo svete. Národný symbol Ruska, dvojhlavý orol, pochádza z obdobia cárstva a nachádza sa v jeho <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0t%C3%A1tny_znak_Ruska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Štátny znak Ruska">štátnom znaku</a> a heraldike. Ruský medveď a Matka Rus sa často používajú ako národné personifikácie krajiny. Bábiky <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matrio%C5%A1ka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matrioška">Matriošky</a> sa považujú za kultúrnu ikonu Ruska. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sviatky">Sviatky</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=48&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Sviatky" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:RIAN_archive_143897_Celebrating_Christmas_in_Moscow.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/RIAN_archive_143897_Celebrating_Christmas_in_Moscow.jpg/170px-RIAN_archive_143897_Celebrating_Christmas_in_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="1024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 248px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/RIAN_archive_143897_Celebrating_Christmas_in_Moscow.jpg/170px-RIAN_archive_143897_Celebrating_Christmas_in_Moscow.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="248" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/RIAN_archive_143897_Celebrating_Christmas_in_Moscow.jpg/255px-RIAN_archive_143897_Celebrating_Christmas_in_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/RIAN_archive_143897_Celebrating_Christmas_in_Moscow.jpg/340px-RIAN_archive_143897_Celebrating_Christmas_in_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Slávnostné predstavenie na počesť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narodenie_Je%C5%BEi%C5%A1a_Krista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Narodenie Ježiša Krista">Narodenia Krista</a> pri <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chr%C3%A1m_Krista_Spasite%C4%BEa_(Moskva)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chrám Krista Spasiteľa (Moskva)">Chráme Krista Spasiteľa</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskve</a> </figcaption> </figure> Rusko má osem štátnych, vlasteneckých a náboženských oficiálnych sviatkov.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Rok sa začína Novým rokom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1._janu%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1. január">1. januára</a>, po ktorom čoskoro nasledujú ruské pravoslávne Vianoce <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7._janu%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7. január">7. januára</a>; tieto dva sviatky sú najpopulárnejšími v krajine.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Deň obrancu vlasti, venovaný mužom, sa oslavuje <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23._febru%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23. február">23. februára</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%BD_de%C5%88_%C5%BEien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medzinárodný deň žien">Medzinárodný deň žien</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8._marec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8. marec">8. marca</a> sa v Rusku presadil počas <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">sovietskej</a> éry. Každoročná oslava žien sa stala takou populárnou, najmä medzi ruskými mužmi, že moskovskí predajcovia kvetov často zaznamenávajú zisky „15-krát“ vyššie ako pri iných sviatkoch. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1._m%C3%A1j?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1. máj">1. mája</a> sa oslavuje Deň jari a práce, pôvodne sviatok zo sovietskej éry venovaný robotníkom.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De%C5%88_v%C3%AD%C5%A5azstva_nad_fa%C5%A1izmom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deň víťazstva nad fašizmom">Deň víťazstva</a>, ktorý je poctou sovietskemu víťazstvu nad <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacistick%C3%A9_Nemecko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacistické Nemecko">nacistickým Nemeckom</a> a ukončeniu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Druhá svetová vojna">druhej svetovej vojny</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európe</a>, sa každoročne oslavuje ako veľká prehliadka na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cerven%C3%A9_n%C3%A1mestie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Červené námestie">Červenom námestí</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskve</a>;<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133">[133]</a> a je sprevádzaný slávnou občianskou udalosťou Nesmrteľný pluk.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Medzi ďalšie vlastenecké sviatky patrí Deň Ruska <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12._j%C3%BAn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12. jún">12. júna</a>, ktorý sa oslavuje na pamiatku vyhlásenia suverenity Ruska z rozpadajúceho sa Sovietskeho zväzu;<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135">[135]</a> a Deň jednoty <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4._november?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4. november">4. novembra</a>, ktorý pripomína povstanie z roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1612?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1612">1612</a>, ktoré znamenalo koniec poľskej okupácie Moskvy.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Existuje mnoho populárnych neštátnych sviatkov. Starý Nový rok sa oslavuje <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14._janu%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14. január">14. januára</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maslenica_(sviatok)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maslenica (sviatok)">Maslenica</a> je starobylý a obľúbený východoslovanský ľudový sviatok,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Deň kozmonautiky <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12._apr%C3%ADl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12. apríl">12. apríla</a> na počesť prvej cesty človeka do vesmíru,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-139">[139]</a> dva hlavné kresťanské sviatky sú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%A1_noc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľká noc">Veľká noc</a> a Trojičná nedeľa.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Umenie_a_architektúra">Umenie a architektúra</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=49&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Umenie a architektúra" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <div class="thumb tright" style="width: 232px;"> <div class="thumbinner"> <div style="margin: 1px; width: 222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Karl Briullov, Posledný deň Pompejí (1833)"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="30000" data-file-height="21059"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Pavlovi%C4%8D_Briullov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Pavlovič Briullov">Karl Briullov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Posledn%C3%BD_de%C5%88_Pompej%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Posledný deň Pompejí">Posledný deň Pompejí</a> (1833) </div> </div> <div style="margin: 1px; width: 222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Zimný palác slúžil ako oficiálna rezidencia ruského cára"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg/220px-Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg/220px-Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg/330px-Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg/440px-Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zimn%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zimný palác">Zimný palác</a> slúžil ako oficiálna rezidencia ruského cára </div> </div> </div> </div> Rané ruské maliarstvo je zastúpené <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikona">ikonami</a> a živými <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Freska">freskami</a>. Začiatkom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15. storočie">15. storočia</a> vytvoril majster ikonopisec <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrej_Rub%C4%BEov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrej Rubľov">Andrej Rubľov</a> niektoré z najcennejších ruských náboženských diel.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Ruská akadémia umení, ktorá bola založená v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1757?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1757">1757</a> s cieľom vychovávať ruských umelcov, priniesla do Ruska západné techniky svetského maliarstva.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142">[142]</a> V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18. storočie">18. storočí</a> sa vplyvnými stali akademici <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Petrovi%C4%8D_Argunov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ivan Petrovič Argunov (stránka neexistuje)">Ivan Argunov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dmitrij_Grigorievi%C4%8D_Levickij&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dmitrij Grigorievič Levickij (stránka neexistuje)">Dmitrij Levickij</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Luki%C4%8D_Borovikovskij&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vladimir Lukič Borovikovskij (stránka neexistuje)">Vladimir Borovikovskij</a>. Začiatkom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19. storočie">19. storočia</a> vzniklo mnoho významných obrazov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Pavlovi%C4%8D_Briullov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Pavlovič Briullov">Karla Briullova</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alexandr_Andrejevi%C4%8D_Ivanov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alexandr Andrejevič Ivanov (stránka neexistuje)">Alexandra Ivanova</a>, ktorí boli známi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantizmus">romantickými</a> historickými plátnami.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivan_Konstantinovi%C4%8D_Ajvazovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivan Konstantinovič Ajvazovskij">Ivan Ajvazovskij</a>, ďalší romantický maliar, je považovaný za jedného z najväčších majstrov morského umenia. V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/60._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="60. roky 19. storočia">60. rokoch 19. storočia</a> sa s akadémiou rozišla skupina kritických <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Realizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Realizmus">realistov</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peredvi%C5%BEnik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peredvižnik">peredvižnikov</a>) na čele s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Kramskoj&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ivan Nikolajevič Kramskoj (stránka neexistuje)">Ivanom Kramským</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ilia_Jefimovi%C4%8D_Repin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ilia Jefimovič Repin">Iliom Repinom</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vasilij_Grigorievi%C4%8D_Perov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vasilij Grigorievič Perov">Vasilijom Perovom</a>, ktorí na obrazoch zobrazovali mnohostranné aspekty spoločenského života. Na prelome 19. a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. storočie">20. storočia</a> sa presadil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Symbolizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Symbolizmus">symbolizmus</a>; reprezentovali ho <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Michail_Alexandrovi%C4%8D_Vrubel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Michail Alexandrovič Vrubel (stránka neexistuje)">Michail Vrubel</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikolaj_Konstantinovi%C4%8D_Rerich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaj Konstantinovič Rerich">Nikolaj Rerich</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_avantgarda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská avantgarda">Ruská avantgarda</a> prekvitala približne od roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1890?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1890">1890</a> do roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1930?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1930">1930</a>; celosvetovo vplyvnými umelcami tohto obdobia boli <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C4%BE_Lisickij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eľ Lisickij">Eľ Lisickij</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kazimir_Severinovi%C4%8D_Malevi%C4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazimir Severinovič Malevič">Kazimir Malevič</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Natalia_Sergejevna_Gon%C4%8Darovov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Natalia Sergejevna Gončarovová (stránka neexistuje)">Natalia Gončarovová</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vasilij_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Kandinskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vasilij Vasilievič Kandinskij">Vasilij Kandinskij</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marc_Chagall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>. Dejiny ruskej architektúry sa začínajú ranými drevárskymi stavbami starých Slovanov a cirkevnou architektúrou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyjevská Rus">Kyjevskej Rusi</a>, ktorá bola po christianizácii Kyjevskej Rusi niekoľko storočí ovplyvňovaná prevažne <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A1_architekt%C3%BAra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Byzantská architektúra">byzantskou architektúrou</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aristotele_Fioravanti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aristotele Fioravanti (stránka neexistuje)">Aristotele Fioravanti</a> a ďalší talianski architekti priniesli do Ruska <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renesancia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renesancia">renesančné</a> trendy. V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16. storočie">16. storočí</a> vznikli unikátne stanové kostoly; a dizajn cibuľových kupol, ktorý je charakteristickým znakom ruskej architektúry.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144">[144]</a> V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17. storočie">17. storočí</a> sa v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskve</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaroslav%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaroslavľ">Jaroslavli</a> rozmohol „ohnivý štýl“ ornamentiky, ktorý postupne pripravil pôdu pre Naryškinov barokový štýl z <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/80._roky_16._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="80. roky 16. storočia">80. rokov 16. storočia</a>. Po reformách <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Veľký">Petra Veľkého</a> sa ruská architektúra dostala pod vplyv západoeurópskych štýlov. Záľuba v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rokoko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rokoko">rokokovej</a> architektúre 18. storočia viedla k vzniku nádherných diel <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francesco_Bartolomeo_Rastrelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomea Rastrelliho</a> a jeho nasledovníkov. Najvplyvnejší ruskí architekti 18. storočia: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vasilij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Ba%C5%BEenov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vasilij Ivanovič Baženov (stránka neexistuje)">Vasilij Baženov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Matvej_Fiodorovi%C4%8D_Kazakov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Matvej Fiodorovič Kazakov (stránka neexistuje)">Matvej Kazakov</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Jegorovi%C4%8D_Starov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ivan Jegorovič Starov (stránka neexistuje)">Ivan Starov</a> vytvorili trvalé pamiatky v Moskve a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrade</a> a vytvorili základňu pre ďalšie ruské formy, ktoré nasledovali. Počas vlády <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katar%C3%ADna_II._(Rusko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katarína II. (Rusko)">Kataríny Veľkej</a> sa Petrohrad premenil na múzeum <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klasicistick%C3%A1_architekt%C3%BAra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klasicistická architektúra">neoklasicistickej architektúry</a> pod holým nebom. Za vlády <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_I._(Rusko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander I. (Rusko)">Alexandra I.</a> sa de facto architektonickým štýlom stal <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%ADr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empír">empírový</a> sloh. V druhej polovici 19. storočia dominoval novobyzantský a ruský obrodný sloh. Začiatkom 20. storočia sa stalo trendom ruské neoklasicistické oživenie. Prevládajúcimi štýlmi konca 20. storočia boli <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secesia_(architekt%C3%BAra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secesia (architektúra)">secesia</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kon%C5%A1truktivizmus_(architekt%C3%BAra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konštruktivizmus (architektúra)">konštruktivizmus</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialistick%C3%BD_realizmus_(architekt%C3%BAra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialistický realizmus (architektúra)">socialistický realizmus</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hudba">Hudba</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=50&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hudba" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_(1840-1893).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_%281840-1893%29.jpg/170px-Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_%281840-1893%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2466"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 218px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_%281840-1893%29.jpg/170px-Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_%281840-1893%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="218" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_%281840-1893%29.jpg/255px-Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_%281840-1893%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_%281840-1893%29.jpg/340px-Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_%281840-1893%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piotr_I%C4%BEji%C4%8D_%C4%8Cajkovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piotr Iľjič Čajkovskij">Piotr Iľjič Čajkovskij</a> (1840 – 1893) na obraze <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nikolaj_Dmitrijevi%C4%8D_Kuznecov_(maliar)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nikolaj Dmitrijevič Kuznecov (maliar) (stránka neexistuje)">Nikolaja Dmitrijeviča Kuznecova</a> z roku 1893 </figcaption> </figure> Až do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18. storočie">18. storočia</a> tvorila hudbu v Rusku najmä cirkevná hudba a ľudové piesne a tance.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146">[146]</a> V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19. storočie">19. storočí</a> ju definovalo napätie medzi klasickým skladateľom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Glinka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Ivanovič Glinka">Michailom Glinkom</a> spolu s ďalšími členmi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mocn%C3%A1_h%C5%95stka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mocná hŕstka">Mocnej hŕstky</a>, ktorých neskôr vystriedal <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Be%C4%BEajevov_kr%C3%BA%C5%BEok&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Beľajevov krúžok (stránka neexistuje)">Beľajevov krúžok</a>, a Ruskou hudobnou spoločnosťou vedenou skladateľmi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton_Grigorievi%C4%8D_Rubin%C5%A1tejn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anton Grigorievič Rubinštejn">Antonom</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nikolaj_Grigorievi%C4%8D_Rubin%C5%A1tejn&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nikolaj Grigorievič Rubinštejn (stránka neexistuje)">Nikolajom Rubinštejnom</a>. Na neskoršiu tradíciu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piotr_I%C4%BEji%C4%8D_%C4%8Cajkovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piotr Iľjič Čajkovskij">Piotra Iľjiča Čajkovského</a>, jedného z najväčších skladateľov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantizmus">romantickej</a> éry, nadviazal v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. storočie">20. storočí</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergej_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Rachmaninov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergej Vasilievič Rachmaninov">Sergej Rachmaninov</a>, jeden z posledných veľkých predstaviteľov romantizmu v ruskej a európskej klasickej hudbe. Medzi svetoznámych skladateľov 20. storočia patria <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Skriabin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Nikolajevič Skriabin">Alexandr Skriabin</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Konstantinovi%C4%8D_Glazunov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Konstantinovič Glazunov">Alexandr Glazunov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igor_Fiodorovi%C4%8D_Stravinskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igor Fiodorovič Stravinskij">Igor Stravinskij</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergej_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Prokofiev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergej Sergejevič Prokofiev">Sergej Prokofiev</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dmitrij_Dmitrijevi%C4%8D_%C5%A0ostakovi%C4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dmitrij Dmitrijevič Šostakovič">Dmitrij Šostakovič</a>, neskôr <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Edison_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Denisov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Edison Vasilievič Denisov (stránka neexistuje)">Edison Denisov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sofija_Asgatovna_Gubajdulinov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sofija Asgatovna Gubajdulinová">Sofija Gubajdulinová</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Georgij_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Sviridov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Georgij Vasilievič Sviridov (stránka neexistuje)">Georgij Sviridov</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Garrijevi%C4%8D_Schnittke&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alfred Garrijevič Schnittke (stránka neexistuje)">Alfred Schnittke</a>. Sovietske a ruské konzervatóriá vychovali generácie svetoznámych sólistov. Medzi najznámejších patria huslisti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Fiodorovi%C4%8D_Ojstrach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Fiodorovič Ojstrach">David Ojstrach</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gidon_Kremer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gidon Kremer">Gidon Kremer</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148">[148]</a> violončelista <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mstislav_Leopo%C4%BEdovi%C4%8D_Rostropovi%C4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mstislav Leopoľdovič Rostropovič">Mstislav Rostropovič</a>, klaviristi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sviatoslav_Teofilovi%C4%8D_Richter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sviatoslav Teofilovič Richter">Sviatoslav Richter</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Emil_Gilels&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Emil Gilels (stránka neexistuje)">Emil Gilels</a> a speváčka <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Galina_Pavlovna_Vi%C5%A1nevskaja&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Galina Pavlovna Višnevskaja (stránka neexistuje)">Galina Višnevskaja</a>. Počas <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">sovietskej</a> éry sa v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Popul%C3%A1rna_hudba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Populárna hudba">populárnej hudbe</a> vystriedalo aj množstvo známych osobností, ako napríklad dvaja baladici – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Semionovi%C4%8D_Vysockij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Semionovič Vysockij">Vladimir Vysockij</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulat_%C5%A0alvovi%C4%8D_Okud%C5%BEava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulat Šalvovič Okudžava">Bulat Okudžava</a>, a interpreti ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alla_Borisovna_Puga%C4%8Dovov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alla Borisovna Pugačovová">Alla Pugačovová</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C5%BEez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Džez">Jazz</a> aj napriek sankciám sovietskych úradov prekvital a vyvinul sa na jednu z najpopulárnejších hudobných foriem v krajine. V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/80._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="80. roky 20. storočia">80. rokoch 20. storočia</a> sa v celom Rusku stala populárnou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rock">rocková</a> hudba, z ktorej vzišli skupiny ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aria_(hudobn%C3%A1_skupina)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aria (hudobná skupina) (stránka neexistuje)">Aria</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Akv%C3%A1rium_(hudobn%C3%A1_skupina)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Akvárium (hudobná skupina) (stránka neexistuje)">Akvárium</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=DDT_(hudobn%C3%A1_skupina)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="DDT (hudobná skupina) (stránka neexistuje)">DDT</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151">[151]</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kino_(hudobn%C3%A1_skupina)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kino (hudobná skupina) (stránka neexistuje)">Kino</a>;<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152">[152]</a> najmä líder poslednej menovanej skupiny, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Robertovi%C4%8D_Coj&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Viktor Robertovič Coj (stránka neexistuje)">Viktor Coj</a>, bol veľkou osobnosťou.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pop_(hudobn%C3%BD_%C5%BE%C3%A1ner)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pop (hudobný žáner)">Popová hudba</a> v Rusku od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/60._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="60. roky 20. storočia">60. rokov 20. storočia</a> naďalej prekvitala, a to vďaka celosvetovo známym skupinám ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T.A.T.u.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T.A.T.u.">t.A.T.u.</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Literatúra_a_filozofia">Literatúra a filozofia</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=51&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Literatúra a filozofia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> Bližšie informácie v článkoch: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_literat%C3%BAra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská literatúra">Ruská literatúra</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_filozofia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská filozofia">Ruská filozofia</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <div class="thumb tleft" style="width: 301px;"> <div class="thumbinner"> <div style="float: left; margin: 1px; width: 135px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Ilya_Efimovich_Repin_(1844-1930)_-_Portrait_of_Leo_Tolstoy_(1887).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Lev Tolstoj (1828 – 1910) je považovaný za jedného z najväčších spisovateľov všetkých čias s dielami ako Vojna a mier"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ilya_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Portrait_of_Leo_Tolstoy_%281887%29.jpg/133px-Ilya_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Portrait_of_Leo_Tolstoy_%281887%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="190" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1711"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 133px;height: 190px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ilya_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Portrait_of_Leo_Tolstoy_%281887%29.jpg/133px-Ilya_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Portrait_of_Leo_Tolstoy_%281887%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="133" data-height="190" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ilya_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Portrait_of_Leo_Tolstoy_%281887%29.jpg/200px-Ilya_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Portrait_of_Leo_Tolstoy_%281887%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ilya_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Portrait_of_Leo_Tolstoy_%281887%29.jpg/266px-Ilya_Efimovich_Repin_%281844-1930%29_-_Portrait_of_Leo_Tolstoy_%281887%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Tolstoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj">Lev Tolstoj</a> (1828 – 1910) je považovaný za jedného z najväčších spisovateľov všetkých čias s dielami ako Vojna a mier </div> </div> <div style="float: left; margin: 1px; width: 154px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Fiodor Dostojevskij (1821 – 1881), jeden z najväčších prozaikov všetkých čias, medzi ktorého vrcholné diela patrí Zločin a trest"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/152px-Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="190" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 152px;height: 190px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/152px-Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="152" data-height="190" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/228px-Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/304px-Vasily_Perov_-_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A4.%D0%9C.%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiodor_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Dostojevskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiodor Michajlovič Dostojevskij">Fiodor Dostojevskij</a> (1821 – 1881), jeden z najväčších prozaikov všetkých čias, medzi ktorého vrcholné diela patrí <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zlo%C4%8Din_a_trest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zločin a trest">Zločin a trest</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_literat%C3%BAra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská literatúra">Ruská literatúra</a> sa považuje za jednu z najvplyvnejších a najrozvinutejších na svete. Jej počiatky siahajú až do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stredovek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stredovek">stredoveku</a>, keď vznikali <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epos">eposy</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kronika_(stredovek)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kronika (stredovek)">kroniky</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Star%C3%A1_ru%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stará ruština">starej ruštine</a>. V období <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osvietenstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osvietenstvo">osvietenstva</a> význam literatúry vzrástol, vznikli diela <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Lomonosov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Vasilievič Lomonosov">Michaila Lomonosova</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Denis_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Fonvizin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Denis Ivanovič Fonvizin (stránka neexistuje)">Denisa Fonvizina</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gavril_Romanovi%C4%8D_Der%C5%BEavin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gavril Romanovič Deržavin">Gavrila Deržavina</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikolaj_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Karamzin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaj Michajlovič Karamzin">Nikolaja Karamzina</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-countrystudies-russia-literature-155">[155]</a> Od začiatku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30. roky 19. storočia">30. rokov 19. storočia</a>, počas zlatého veku ruskej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A9zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poézia">poézie</a>, prežívala literatúra v poézii, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%B3za?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Próza">próze</a> a dráme ohromujúci zlatý vek.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantizmus">Romantizmus</a> umožnil rozkvet básnického talentu: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vasilij_Andrejevi%C4%8D_%C5%BDukovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vasilij Andrejevič Žukovskij">Vasilij Žukovskij</a> a neskôr jeho chránenec <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Pu%C5%A1kin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Sergejevič Puškin">Alexandr Puškin</a> sa dostali do popredia. V Puškinových stopách sa zrodila nová generácia básnikov, medzi nimi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Jurievi%C4%8D_Lermontov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Jurievič Lermontov">Michail Lermontov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nikolaj_Alexejevi%C4%8D_Nekrasov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nikolaj Alexejevič Nekrasov (stránka neexistuje)">Nikolaj Nekrasov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alexej_Konstantinovi%C4%8D_Tolstoj&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alexej Konstantinovič Tolstoj (stránka neexistuje)">Alexej Tolstoj</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiodor_Ivanovi%C4%8D_%C5%A4ut%C4%8Dev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiodor Ivanovič Ťutčev">Fiodor Ťutčev</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Afanasij_Afanasievi%C4%8D_Fet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Afanasij Afanasievič Fet (stránka neexistuje)">Afanasij Fet</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-countrystudies-russia-literature-155">[155]</a> Prvým veľkým ruským prozaikom bol <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikolaj_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Gogo%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaj Vasilievič Gogoľ">Nikolaj Gogoľ</a>. Potom prišiel <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivan_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Turgenev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivan Sergejevič Turgenev">Ivan Turgenev</a>, ktorý vynikal v poviedkach aj románoch. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiodor_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Dostojevskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiodor Michajlovič Dostojevskij">Fiodor Dostojevskij</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Tolstoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj">Lev Tolstoj</a> sa čoskoro stali medzinárodne uznávanými. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivan_Alexandrovi%C4%8D_Gon%C4%8Darov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivan Alexandrovič Gončarov">Ivan Gončarov</a> sa do pamäti zapísal najmä románom Oblomov,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Michail_Jevgrafovi%C4%8D_Saltykov-%C5%A0%C4%8Dedrin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Michail Jevgrafovič Saltykov-Ščedrin (stránka neexistuje)">Michail Saltykov-Ščedrin</a> písal satiru v próze, zatiaľ čo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nikolaj_Semionovi%C4%8D_Leskov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nikolaj Semionovič Leskov (stránka neexistuje)">Nikolaj Leskov</a> sa najviac zapísal do pamäti svojimi kratšími poviedkami, v druhej polovici storočia vynikol v poviedkach <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton_Pavlovi%C4%8D_%C4%8Cechov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anton Pavlovič Čechov">Anton Čechov</a> a stal sa popredným dramatikom.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158">[158]</a> K ďalším významným osobnostiam <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19. storočie">19. storočia</a> patril bájkar <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivan_Andrejevi%C4%8D_Krylov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivan Andrejevič Krylov">Ivan Krylov</a>, spisovatelia literatúry faktu, ako napríklad kritik <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vissarion_Grigorievi%C4%8D_Belinskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vissarion Grigorievič Belinskij">Vissarion Belinskij</a>, a dramatici ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Gribojedov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Sergejevič Gribojedov">Alexandr Gribojedov</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Ostrovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Nikolajevič Ostrovskij">Alexandr Ostrovskij</a>. Začiatok <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. storočie">20. storočia</a> sa zaraďuje k striebornému veku ruskej poézie. V tomto období pôsobili básnici ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alexandr_Alexandrovi%C4%8D_Blok&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alexandr Alexandrovič Blok (stránka neexistuje)">Alexandr Blok</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anna_Andrejevna_Achmatovov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anna Andrejevna Achmatovová">Anna Achmatovová</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boris_Leonidovi%C4%8D_Pasternak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boris Leonidovič Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Dmitrijevi%C4%8D_Balmont&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konstantin Dmitrijevič Balmont (stránka neexistuje)">Konstantin Balmont</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marina_Ivanovna_Cvetajevov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marina Ivanovna Cvetajevová">Marina Cvetajevová</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Majakovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Vladimirovič Majakovskij">Vladimir Majakovskij</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osip_Emilievi%C4%8D_Mande%C4%BE%C5%A1tam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osip Emilievič Mandeľštam">Osip Mandeľštam</a>. Vychádzali z nej aj prvotriedni prozaici a poviedkari, ako napríklad <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alexandr_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Kuprin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alexandr Ivanovič Kuprin (stránka neexistuje)">Alexandr Kuprin</a>, nositeľ <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nobelova_cena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nobelova cena">Nobelovej ceny</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivan_Alexejevi%C4%8D_Bunin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivan Alexejevič Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonid_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Andrejev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonid Nikolajevič Andrejev">Leonid Andrejev</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jevgenij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Zamiatin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jevgenij Ivanovič Zamiatin (stránka neexistuje)">Jevgenij Zamiatin</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dmitrij_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Mere%C5%BEkovskij&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dmitrij Sergejevič Merežkovskij (stránka neexistuje)">Dmitrij Merežkovskij</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Andrej_Belyj&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Andrej Belyj (stránka neexistuje)">Andrej Belyj</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-countrystudies-russia-literature-155">[155]</a> Po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia_(1917)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská revolúcia (1917)">ruskej revolúcii</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1917">1917</a> sa ruská literatúra rozdelila na sovietsku a bielu emigrantskú časť. V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30. roky 20. storočia">30. rokoch 20. storočia</a> sa v Rusku stal prevládajúcim prúdom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialistick%C3%BD_realizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialistický realizmus">socialistický realizmus</a>. Jeho vedúcou osobnosťou bol <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maxim_Gorkij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maxim Gorkij">Maxim Gorkij</a>, ktorý položil základy tohto štýlu. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Afanasievi%C4%8D_Bulgakov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Afanasievič Bulgakov">Michail Bulgakov</a> bol jedným z popredných spisovateľov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">sovietskej</a> éry. Román <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikolaj_Alexejevi%C4%8D_Ostrovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaj Alexejevič Ostrovskij">Nikolaja Ostrovského</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ako_sa_kalila_oce%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ako sa kalila oceľ">Ako sa kalila oceľ</a> patrí medzi najúspešnejšie diela ruskej literatúry. Medzi vplyvných emigrantských spisovateľov patria <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Nabokov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Vladimirovič Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>, a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac_Asimov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>; ktorý bol považovaný za jedného z „veľkej trojky“ spisovateľov vedeckej fantastiky. Niektorí spisovatelia sa odvážili oponovať sovietskej ideológii, napríklad spisovateľ <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Isajevi%C4%8D_Sol%C5%BEenicyn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Isajevič Solženicyn">Alexandr Solženicyn</a>, nositeľ Nobelovej ceny, ktorý písal o živote v táboroch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulag_(1930_%E2%80%93_1960)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulag (1930 – 1960)">Gulagu</a>. Veľký vplyv mala <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_filozofia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská filozofia">ruská filozofia</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Gercen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Ivanovič Gercen">Alexandr Gercen</a> je známy ako jeden z otcov agrárneho populizmu. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Alexandrovi%C4%8D_Bakunin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Alexandrovič Bakunin">Michail Bakunin</a> je označovaný za otca <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anarchizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anarchizmus">anarchizmu</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piotr_Alexejevi%C4%8D_Kropotkin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piotr Alexejevič Kropotkin">Piotr Kropotkin</a> bol najvýznamnejším teoretikom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anarchokomunizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anarchokomunizmus">anarchokomunizmu</a>. Spisy <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Michail_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Bachtin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Michail Michajlovič Bachtin (stránka neexistuje)">Michaila Bachtina</a> významne inšpirovali vedcov. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helena_Blavatsk%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helena Blavatská">Helena Blavatská</a> si získala medzinárodné uznanie ako popredná teoretička <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teozofia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teozofia">teozofie</a> a spoluzakladateľka <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teozofick%C3%A1_spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teozofická spoločnosť">Teozofickej spoločnosti</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_I%C4%BEji%C4%8D_Lenin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Iľjič Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, významný revolucionár, rozvinul variant <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komunizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komunizmus">komunizmu</a> známy ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leninizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leninizmus">leninizmus</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_Davidovi%C4%8D_Trockij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lev Davidovič Trockij">Lev Trockij</a> zasa založil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trockizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trockizmus">trockizmus</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alexandr_Alexandrovi%C4%8D_Zinoviev&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alexandr Alexandrovič Zinoviev (stránka neexistuje)">Alexandr Zinoviev</a> bol významným filozofom druhej polovice 20. storočia. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Gelievi%C4%8D_Dugin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Gelievič Dugin">Alexandr Dugin</a>, známy svojimi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fa%C5%A1izmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fašizmus">fašistickými</a> názormi, bol považovaný za „guru geopolitiky“. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kuchyňa">Kuchyňa</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=52&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Kuchyňa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Beef_Stroganoff-01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Beef_Stroganoff-01.jpg/220px-Beef_Stroganoff-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Beef_Stroganoff-01.jpg/220px-Beef_Stroganoff-01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Beef_Stroganoff-01.jpg/330px-Beef_Stroganoff-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Beef_Stroganoff-01.jpg/440px-Beef_Stroganoff-01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hov%C3%A4dz%C3%AD_Stroganov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hovädzí Stroganov">Hovädzí Stroganov</a>, mäsité jedlo pochádzajúce z ruskej kuchyne, ktoré sa rozšírilo do celého sveta </figcaption> </figure> Ruskú kuchyňu formovali podnebie, kultúrne a náboženské tradície a veľká rozloha krajiny, pričom má spoločné črty s kuchyňami susedných krajín. Pestovanie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ra%C5%BE_siata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raž siata">raže</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C5%A1enica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pšenica">pšenice</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ja%C4%8Dme%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jačmeň">jačmeňa</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proso">prosa</a> poskytuje ingrediencie na výrobu rôznych druhov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chlieb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chlieb">chleba</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palacinka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palacinka">palaciniek</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obilniny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obilniny">obilnín</a>, ako aj mnohých nápojov. Chlieb mnohých druhov<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159">[159]</a> je veľmi obľúbený v celom Rusku.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Medzi chutné polievky a dusené jedlá patria <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0%C4%8Di&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Šči (stránka neexistuje)">šči</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bor%C5%A1%C4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boršč">boršč</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ucha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ucha">ucha</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=So%C4%BEanka_(polievka)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Soľanka (polievka) (stránka neexistuje)">soľanka</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Okro%C5%A1ka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Okroška (stránka neexistuje)">okroška</a>. Do polievok a šalátov sa často pridáva <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smotana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smotana">smotana</a> (hustá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kysl%C3%A1_smotana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyslá smotana">kyslá smotana</a>) a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majon%C3%A9za?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majonéza">majonéza</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Piro%C5%BEki&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pirožki (stránka neexistuje)">Pirožki</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bliny&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bliny (stránka neexistuje)">bliny</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Syrniki&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Syrniki (stránka neexistuje)">syrniki</a> sú domáce druhy palaciniek. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hov%C3%A4dz%C3%AD_Stroganov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hovädzí Stroganov">Hovädzí Stroganov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kyjevsk%C3%BD_kotlet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kyjevský kotlet (stránka neexistuje)">kyjevský kotlet</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pe%C4%BEmene&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Peľmene (stránka neexistuje)">peľmene</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0a%C5%A1lik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Šašlik">šašlik</a> sú obľúbené mäsové jedlá.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Medzi ďalšie mäsové jedlá patria plnené kapustové závitky (golubcy) zvyčajne plnené mäsom.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Medzi obľúbené šaláty patrí <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Olivier_(%C5%A1al%C3%A1t)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Olivier (šalát) (stránka neexistuje)">Olivier</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vinegret&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vinegret (stránka neexistuje)">vinegret</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166">[166]</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sle%C4%8F_pod_ko%C5%BEuchom&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sleď pod kožuchom (stránka neexistuje)">sleď pod kožuchom</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Ruským národným nealkoholickým nápojom je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kvas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kvas (stránka neexistuje)">kvas</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168">[168]</a> a národným alkoholickým nápojom je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vodka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vodka">vodka</a>; jej vznik v krajine sa datuje do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14. storočie">14. storočia</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Krajina má najvyššiu spotrebu vodky na svete,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170">[170]</a> zatiaľ čo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pivo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pivo">pivo</a> je najobľúbenejším alkoholickým nápojom. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%ADno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Víno">Víno</a> sa v Rusku stalo čoraz populárnejším v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21. storočie">21. storočí</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Caj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čaj">Čaj</a> je v Rusku populárny už po stáročia.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Masmédiá_a_kinematografia">Masmédiá a kinematografia</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=53&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Masmédiá a kinematografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:2019-07-28-3385-Moscow-Ostankino-Tower.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2019-07-28-3385-Moscow-Ostankino-Tower.jpg/170px-2019-07-28-3385-Moscow-Ostankino-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2019-07-28-3385-Moscow-Ostankino-Tower.jpg/170px-2019-07-28-3385-Moscow-Ostankino-Tower.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2019-07-28-3385-Moscow-Ostankino-Tower.jpg/255px-2019-07-28-3385-Moscow-Ostankino-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2019-07-28-3385-Moscow-Ostankino-Tower.jpg/340px-2019-07-28-3385-Moscow-Ostankino-Tower.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostankinskaja_teleba%C5%A1%C5%88a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostankinskaja telebašňa">Ostankinská televízna veža</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskve</a> je najvyššou voľne stojacou stavbou v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európe</a> </figcaption> </figure> V Rusku pôsobí 400 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spravodajsk%C3%A1_agent%C3%BAra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spravodajská agentúra">spravodajských agentúr</a>, z ktorých najväčšie medzinárodne pôsobiace sú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=TASS&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="TASS (stránka neexistuje)">TASS</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=RIA_Novosti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="RIA Novosti (stránka neexistuje)">RIA Novosti</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_(tla%C4%8Dov%C3%A1_agent%C3%BAra)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sputnik (tlačová agentúra) (stránka neexistuje)">Sputnik</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Interfax&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Interfax (stránka neexistuje)">Interfax</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Najpopulárnejším médiom v Rusku je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telev%C3%ADzia_(prenos)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Televízia (prenos)">televízia</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Spomedzi 3 000 licencovaných rozhlasových staníc v celej krajine medzi významné patria <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Radio_Rossii&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Radio Rossii (stránka neexistuje)">Radio Rossii</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vesti_FM&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vesti FM (stránka neexistuje)">Vesti FM</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Echo_Moskvy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Echo Moskvy (stránka neexistuje)">Echo Moskvy</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Majak_(rozhlasov%C3%A1_stanica)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Majak (rozhlasová stanica) (stránka neexistuje)">Majak</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Russkoje_radio&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Russkoje radio (stránka neexistuje)">Russkoje radio</a>. Zo 16 000 registrovaných novín sú populárne <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Argumenty_i_fakty&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Argumenty i fakty (stránka neexistuje)">Argumenty i fakty</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Komsomo%C4%BEskaja_pravda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Komsomoľskaja pravda (stránka neexistuje)">Komsomoľskaja pravda</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rossijskaja_gazeta&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rossijskaja gazeta (stránka neexistuje)">Rossijskaja gazeta</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Izvestija&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Izvestija (stránka neexistuje)">Izvestija</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Moskovskij_Komsomolec&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Moskovskij Komsomolec (stránka neexistuje)">Moskovskij Komsomolec</a>. Štátny <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prv%C3%BD_kan%C3%A1l_(Rusko)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prvý kanál (Rusko) (stránka neexistuje)">Prvý kanál</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rossija-1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rossija-1 (stránka neexistuje)">Rossija-1</a> sú vedúcimi spravodajskými kanálmi, zatiaľ čo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RT?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RT">RT</a> je vlajkovou loďou ruských medzinárodných mediálnych operácií. Rusko má tiež najväčší trh s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Videohra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Videohra">videohrami</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európe</a>, s viac ako 65 miliónmi hráčov v celej krajine.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Ruská a neskôr sovietska kinematografia bola ohniskom invencie, čoho výsledkom boli svetoznáme filmy, ako napríklad <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kr%C3%AD%C5%BEnik_Potemkin_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Krížnik Potemkin (film) (stránka neexistuje)">Krížnik Potemkin</a>, ktorý bol na svetovej výstave v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brusel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brusel">Bruseli</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1958?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1958">1958</a> vyhlásený za najlepší film všetkých čias.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Filmári <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietsky zväz">sovietskej</a> éry, predovšetkým <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergej_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Ejzen%C5%A1tejn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergej Michajlovič Ejzenštejn">Sergej Ejzenštejn</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrej_Arsenievi%C4%8D_Tarkovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrej Arsenievič Tarkovskij">Andrej Tarkovskij</a>, sa neskôr zaradili medzi najinovatívnejších a najvplyvnejších svetových režisérov.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Ejzenštejn bol žiakom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Kule%C5%A1ov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lev Vladimirovič Kulešov (stránka neexistuje)">Leva Kulešova</a>, ktorý na prvej filmovej škole na svete, Všezväzovom inštitúte kinematografie, rozvinul prelomovú sovietsku montážnu teóriu filmového strihu.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Teória „Kino-oka“ <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dziga_Vertov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dziga Vertov">Dzigy Vertova</a> mala obrovský vplyv na rozvoj dokumentárneho filmu a filmového realizmu.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Mnohé filmy sovietskeho <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialistick%C3%BD_realizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialistický realizmus">socialistického realizmu</a> boli umelecky úspešné, vrátane filmov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Capajev_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Čapajev (film) (stránka neexistuje)">Čapajev</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDeriavy_tiahnu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Žeriavy tiahnu (stránka neexistuje)">Žeriavy tiahnu</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Balada_o_vojakovi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Balada o vojakovi (stránka neexistuje)">Balada o vojakovi</a>. V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/60._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="60. roky 20. storočia">60.</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/70._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="70. roky 20. storočia">70. rokoch 20. storočia</a> sa v sovietskej kinematografii zvýšila rozmanitosť umeleckých štýlov. Veľmi populárne boli v tom čase komédie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eldar_Alexandrovi%C4%8D_Riazanov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eldar Alexandrovič Riazanov (stránka neexistuje)">Eldara Riazanova</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Leonid_Jovi%C4%8D_Gajdaj&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Leonid Jovič Gajdaj (stránka neexistuje)">Leonida Gajdaja</a>, z ktorých sa dodnes používajú mnohé hlášky.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181">[181]</a> V rokoch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1961?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1961">1961</a> až <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1968?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1968">1968</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergej_Fiodorovi%C4%8D_Bondar%C4%8Duk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergej Fiodorovič Bondarčuk">Sergej Bondarčuk</a> režíroval <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Academy_Awards?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Academy Awards">oscarovú</a> adaptáciu eposu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vojna_a_mier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vojna a mier (stránka neexistuje)">Vojna a mier</a> od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Tolstoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj">Leva Tolstého</a>, ktorá bola najdrahším filmom nakrúteným v Sovietskom zväze. V roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1969?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1969">1969</a> bol do kín uvedený film <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Jakovlevi%C4%8D_Moty%C4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vladimir Jakovlevič Motyľ (stránka neexistuje)">Vladimira Motyľa</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biele_slnko_p%C3%BA%C5%A1te&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Biele slnko púšte (stránka neexistuje)">Biele slnko púšte</a>, veľmi populárny film v žánri <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ostern&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ostern (stránka neexistuje)">osterna</a>; film si tradične pozerajú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kozmonaut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kozmonaut">kozmonauti</a> pred každým letom do vesmíru.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Po rozpade Sovietskeho zväzu utrpel ruský filmový priemysel veľké straty – od konca roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2000">2000</a> však opäť zaznamenáva rast a naďalej sa rozširuje.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Šport">Šport</h3> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=54&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Šport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:TsR6aVW9-S8.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/TsR6aVW9-S8.jpg/220px-TsR6aVW9-S8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/TsR6aVW9-S8.jpg/220px-TsR6aVW9-S8.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/TsR6aVW9-S8.jpg/330px-TsR6aVW9-S8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/TsR6aVW9-S8.jpg/440px-TsR6aVW9-S8.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandyhokej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandyhokej">Bandyhokej</a> je ruským národným športom a Rusko je v ňom historicky najúspešnejšou krajinou </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futbal">Futbal</a> je v Rusku najpopulárnejším športom. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovietske_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%A9_futbalov%C3%A9_mu%C5%BEstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovietske národné futbalové mužstvo">Sovietske národné futbalové mužstvo</a> sa stalo prvým majstrom Európy, keď vyhralo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majstrovstv%C3%A1_Eur%C3%B3py_vo_futbale_1960?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majstrovstvá Európy vo futbale 1960">Euro 1960</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-184">[184]</a> a dostalo sa do finále <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majstrovstv%C3%A1_Eur%C3%B3py_vo_futbale_1988?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majstrovstvá Európy vo futbale 1988">Eura 1988</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Ruské kluby <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PFK_CSKA_(Moskva)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PFK CSKA (Moskva)">CSKA Moskva</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FK_Zenit_(Petrohrad)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="FK Zenit (Petrohrad)">Zenit Petrohrad</a> vyhrali v rokoch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005">2005</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2008">2008</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pska_liga_UEFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európska liga UEFA">Pohár UEFA</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%A9_futbalov%C3%A9_mu%C5%BEstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruské národné futbalové mužstvo">Ruské národné futbalové mužstvo</a> sa dostalo do semifinále <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majstrovstv%C3%A1_Eur%C3%B3py_vo_futbale_2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majstrovstvá Európy vo futbale 2008">Eura 2008</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Rusko bolo hostiteľskou krajinou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poh%C3%A1r_konfeder%C3%A1ci%C3%AD_FIFA_2017?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pohár konfederácií FIFA 2017">Pohára konfederácií FIFA 2017</a>,<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189">[189]</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majstrovstv%C3%A1_sveta_vo_futbale_2018?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majstrovstvá sveta vo futbale 2018">Majstrovstiev sveta FIFA 2018</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-190">[190]</a> V súčasnosti sú však ruské tímy suspendované zo súťaží <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1_futbalov%C3%A1_feder%C3%A1cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medzinárodná futbalová federácia">FIFA</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Ania_eur%C3%B3pskych_futbalov%C3%BDch_zv%C3%A4zov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Únia európskych futbalových zväzov">UEFA</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%BDadov%C3%BD_hokej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ľadový hokej">Ľadový hokej</a> je v Rusku veľmi populárny a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sovietske_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%A9_hokejov%C3%A9_mu%C5%BEstvo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sovietske národné hokejové mužstvo (stránka neexistuje)">sovietska hokejová reprezentácia</a> dominovala tomuto športu na medzinárodnej úrovni počas celej svojej existencie. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandyhokej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandyhokej">Bandyhokej</a> je ruským národným športom a Rusko je historicky najúspešnejšou krajinou v tomto športe.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%A9_basketbalov%C3%A9_dru%C5%BEstvo_mu%C5%BEov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruské národné basketbalové družstvo mužov">Ruské národné basketbalové družstvo mužov</a> vyhralo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majstrovstv%C3%A1_Eur%C3%B3py_v_basketbale_mu%C5%BEov_2007?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majstrovstvá Európy v basketbale mužov 2007">EuroBasket 2007</a> a ruský basketbalový klub <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=PBC_CSKA_Moskva&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="PBC CSKA Moskva (stránka neexistuje)">PBC CSKA Moskva</a> patrí medzi najúspešnejšie európske basketbalové tímy.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Každoročná <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ve%C4%BEk%C3%A1_cena_Ruska&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Veľká cena Ruska (stránka neexistuje)">Veľká cena Ruska</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Formula_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Formula 1">Formuly 1</a> sa konala na okruhu v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Olimpijskij_park_(So%C4%8Di)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Olimpijskij park (Soči) (stránka neexistuje)">olympijskom parku</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/So%C4%8Di?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soči">Soči</a> až do jej ukončenia po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_inv%C3%A1zia_na_Ukrajinu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská invázia na Ukrajinu">ruskej invázii na Ukrajinu</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Z historického hľadiska patria ruskí športovci k najúspešnejším účastníkom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_(modern%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olympijské hry (moderné)">olympijských hier</a>. Rusko je vedúcou krajinou v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modern%C3%A1_gymnastika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moderná gymnastika">modernej gymnastike</a>; a ruské <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Synchronizovan%C3%A9_pl%C3%A1vanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Synchronizované plávanie">synchronizované plávanie</a> sa považuje za najlepšie na svete.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Ďalším populárnym športom v Rusku je <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krasokor%C4%8Du%C4%BEovanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krasokorčuľovanie">krasokorčuľovanie</a>, najmä <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A1rov%C3%A9_kor%C4%8Du%C4%BEovanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Párové korčuľovanie (stránka neexistuje)">párové korčuľovanie</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tance_na_%C4%BEade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tance na ľade">tanec na ľade</a>.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197">[197]</a> Rusko vychovalo množstvo významných tenistov.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0ach_(hra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Šach (hra)">Šach</a> je v krajine tiež veľmi obľúbenou zábavou, pričom mnohí z najlepších svetových šachistov sú už desaťročia Rusi.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Letn%C3%A9_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_1980?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letné olympijské hry 1980">Letné olympijské hry 1980</a> sa konali v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskva">Moskve</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-200">[200]</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zimn%C3%A9_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zimné olympijské hry 2014">Zimné olympijské hry</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zimn%C3%A9_paralympijsk%C3%A9_hry_2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zimné paralympijské hry 2014">Zimné paralympijské hry 2014</a> sa konali v Soči.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-202">[202]</a> Rusku však bolo odobratých 43 olympijských medailí pre porušenie dopingových pravidiel, čo je najviac zo všetkých krajín a takmer tretina z celkového počtu na svete.<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-203">[203]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=55&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="references"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia [online]. cia.gov, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/%23geography">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> Kniha <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADn_VII.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konštantín VII.">Konštantína VII. Porfyrogeneta</a> O ceremóniách byzantského dvora a O vláde v štáte.</li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">BURGEROVÁ, Diana. Pelipecky [online]. 2019-12-18, [cit. 2020-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pelipecky.sk/oymyakon-rusko-najchladnejsie-trvale-obyvane-miesto-na-zemi/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> Yakubchuk, A. S., Nikishin, A. M., 2005, Russia. in Selley, R.C., Cocks, L.R.M., Plimer, I.R. (Editori), Encyclopedia of Geology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, s. 456 – 473</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> Metelkin, D. V., Vernikovskij, V. A., 2005, Regionaľnaja geologia Rosii (Kratkij kurs lekcii). Novosibirskij Universitet, Novosibirsk, 93 s.</li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> Demografia,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B14_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg//%253Cextid%253E/%253Cstoragepath%253E::%257Cdk06/8-0.doc">Dostupné online</a> Štatistický úrad Ruskej federácie</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/perepis_itogi1612.htm">Официальный сайт Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года. Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года</a></li> <li id="cite_note-gks-rubrikator-8">↑ <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-gks-rubrikator_8-0">a</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-gks-rubrikator_8-1">b</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Рубрикатор [online]. gks.ru, [cit. 2022-03-07]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605145523/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2019-06-05 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) - Russian Federation [online]. data.worldbank.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations%3DRU">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Mutual recognition of qualifications: the Russian Federation and the other European countries [online]. unesdoc.unesco.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000129839">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Population with tertiary education [online]. data.oecd.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/population-with-tertiary-education.htm">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) - Russian Federation [online]. data.worldbank.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations%3DRU">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Early childhood care and education in the Russian Federation [online]. unesdoc.unesco.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000149142_eng">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> Housing of Russia. In: <cite style="font-style:normal"> Encyclopædia Britannica [online]. Encyclopædia Britannica, 1999-07-26, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Russia/Housing%23ref38625">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Global Flow of Tertiary-Level Students [online]. uis.unesco.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://uis.unesco.org/en/uis-student-flow">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> The healthcare system in Russia [online]. expatica.com, 2014-05-16, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.expatica.com/ru/healthcare/healthcare-basics/healthcare-in-russia-104030/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Current health expenditure (% of GDP) - Russian Federation [online]. data.worldbank.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations%3DRU">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">NUWER, Rachel. Why Russian Men Don’t Live as Long. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (New York: The New York Times Company), 2014-02-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/18/science/why-russian-men-dont-live-as-long.html">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1553-8095">1553-8095</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy Data by country [online]. apps.who.int, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) - Russian Federation [online]. data.worldbank.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?Locations%3DRU%26locations%3DRU">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) - Russian Federation [online]. data.worldbank.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.SUIC.P5?locations%3DRU">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации [online]. Federal State Statistics Service, [cit. 2022-09-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> 2021 COUNTRY RANKING [online]. globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201012801/http://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/country_rank.html">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2019-02-01 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/country_rank.html">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> The USSR as the New World Superpower from About Russia, Its Revolutions, Its Development and Its Present on JSTOR [online]. jstor.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2t4dn7.14%23metadata_info_tab_contents">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">TAMKIN, Emily. Why India and Russia Are Going to Stay Friends [online]. foreignpolicy.com, 2020-07-08, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/07/08/russia-india-relations/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Testing the world order: strategic realism in Russian foreign affairs [online]. link.springer.com, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41311-021-00285-5">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">Al Jazeera. Ukraine cuts diplomatic ties with Russia after invasion [online]. aljazeera.com, 2022-02-24, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/ukraine-breaks-diplomatic-ties-with-russia">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">RUMER, Eugene; SOKOLSKY, Richard; STRONSKI, Paul. Russia in the Arctic—A Critical Examination [online]. carnegieendowment.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/03/29/russia-in-arctic-critical-examination-pub-84181">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">HUNT, Luke. Russia Tries to Boost Asia Ties to Counter Indo-Pacific Alliances [online]. voanews.com, 2021-10-15, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.voanews.com/a/russia-tries-to-boost-asia-ties-to-counter-indo-pacific-alliances/6272006.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia in Africa: What's behind Moscow's push into the continent? [online]. bbc.com, 2019-01-09, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-45035889">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russian Military Reform and Defense Policy [online]. sgp.fas.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/R42006.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance [online]. armscontrol.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Nuclearweaponswhohaswhat">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">INSTITUTE, Lowy. Ballistic missile submarines [online]. power.lowyinstitute.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://power.lowyinstitute.org/data/military-capability/signature-capabilities/ballistic-missile-submarines/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">PAUL, T. V.; WIRTZ, James J.; FORTMANN, Michel. Balance of Power (Theory and Practice in the 21st Century). Redwood, Kalifornia : Stanford University Press, 2004. 384 s. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-8047-5017-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-8047-5017-2">ISBN 978-0-8047-5017-2</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> TRENDS IN WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURE, 2020 [online]. sipri.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sipri.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/fs_2104_milex_0.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russian Federation [online]. amnesty.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/europe-and-central-asia/russian-federation/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia [online]. hrw.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/russia">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report | Freedom House [online]. freedomhouse.org, Mon, 03/01/2021 - 18:45, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/freedom-world/2021">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> A new low for global democracy [online]. economist.com, 2022-02-09, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/02/09/a-new-low-for-global-democracy">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia [online]. rsf.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rsf.org/en/country/russia">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">SIMMONS, Ann M.. In Russia’s Election, Putin’s Opponents Are Seeing Double [online]. wsj.com, 2021-09-18, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wsj.com/articles/russias-opposition-candidates-struggle-to-make-a-mark-in-election-11631886631">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> In Shadow of Navalny Case, What’s Left of the Russian Opposition? - The New York Times [online]. ghostarchive.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/5k31S">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russian crackdown brings pro-Navalny protests to halt | Financial Times [online]. ghostarchive.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/W7wz7">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">GONCHARENKO, Roman. NGOs in Russia: Battered, but unbowed [online]. dw.com, 2017-11-21, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dw.com/en/ngos-in-russia-battered-but-unbowed/a-41459467">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">YAFFA, Joshua. The Victims of Putin’s Crackdown on the Press [online]. newyorker.com, 2021-09-07, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-victims-of-putins-crackdown-on-the-press">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Why Do Russian Journalists Keep Falling? [online]. npr.org, 2018-04-21, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.npr.org/2018/04/21/604497554/why-do-russian-journalists-keep-falling">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia: Growing Internet Isolation, Control, Censorship [online]. hrw.org, 2020-06-18, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/18/russia-growing-internet-isolation-control-censorship">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Putin’s aggressive autocracy reduces Russian soft power to ashes | Financial Times [online]. ghostarchive.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/vxIvi">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> 2021 [online]. transparency.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2021/index/rus">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">MAYNES, Charles. New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption [online]. voanews.com, 2020-01-26, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.voanews.com/a/europe_new-reports-highlight-russias-deep-seated-culture-corruption/6183207.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">АЛФЕРОВА, Екатерина. В России предложили создать должность омбудсмена по борьбе с коррупцией [online]. iz.ru, 2020-10-26, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iz.ru/1078501/2020-10-26/v-rossii-predlozhili-sozdat-dolzhnost-ombudsmena-po-borbe-s-korruptciei">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Corruption in Russia: A Historical Perspective [online]. src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/03september/pdf/M_Suhara.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Briber [online]. conference.iza.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://conference.iza.org/conference_files/worldb2010/zelenska_t5300.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Corruption Pervades Russia's Health System [online]. cbsnews.com, 2007-06-28, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/corruption-pervades-russias-health-system/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Corruption at Universities is a Common Disease for Russia and Ukraine [online]. ethics.harvard.edu, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ethics.harvard.edu/blog/corruption-universities-common-disease-russia-and-ukraine">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Corruption in the Russian Armed Forces [online]. rusi.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/corruption-russian-armed-forces/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">HERSZENHORN, David M.. Russia Sees a Threat in Its Converts to Islam. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (New York: The New York Times Company), 2015-07-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/02/world/russia-sees-a-threat-in-its-converts-to-islam.html">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1553-8095">1553-8095</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">RFE/RL. News [online]. rferl.org, 2021-04-21, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-worst-violators-religious-freedom-report-iran-turkmenistan/31215737.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russian killings and kidnaps extend dirty war in Ingushetia. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (Londýn: Guardian News and Media Limited), 2009-09-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/20/ingushetia-dirty-war-russia">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">SOKOLOV, Denis. Putin's Savage War Against Russia's 'New Muslims' [online]. newsweek.com, 2016-08-20, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.newsweek.com/putin-savage-war-against-russia-new-muslims-490783">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">PRESS, Associated. Russian Crackdown on Muslims Fuels Exodus to IS [online]. voanews.com, 2015-11-25, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.voanews.com/a/russian-crackdown-on-muslims-fuels-exodus-to-islamic-state/3073139.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">VATCHAGAEV, Mairbek. Abuse of Chechens and Ingush in Russian Prisons Creates Legions of Enemies [online]. jamestown.org, 2015-04-09, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jamestown.org/program/abuse-of-chechens-and-ingush-in-russian-prisons-creates-legions-of-enemies-2/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">LILLIS, Katie Bo; ATWOOD, Kylie; BERTRAND, Natasha. Russia is depopulating parts of eastern Ukraine, forcibly removing thousands into remote parts of Russia [online]. edition.cnn.com, 2022-05-26, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/05/26/politics/ukraine-filtration-camps-forcibly-remove-russia/index.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> mixed economy. In: <cite style="font-style:normal"> Encyclopædia Britannica [online]. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2016-08-19, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mixed-economy">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia - Natural Resources [online]. countrystudies.us, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://countrystudies.us/russia/59.htm">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">Moody's Analytics. Russian Federation - Unemployment Rate [online]. economy.com, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.economy.com/russian-federation/unemployment-rate">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> International Reserves of the Russian Federation (End of period) [online]. cbr.ru, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cbr.ru/eng/hd_base/mrrf/mrrf_7d/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Labor force [online]. cia.gov, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/labor-force/country-comparison">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">International Trade Centre (ITC). Trade statistics for international business development [online]. trademap.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport%3D1">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">International Trade Centre (ITC). Trade statistics for international business development [online]. trademap.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry.aspx?nvpm%3D1%257c643%257c%257c%257c%257cTOTAL%257c%257c%257c2%257c1%257c1%257c1%257c1%257c1%257c2%257c1%257c1%257c1%26AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport%3D1">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Frequently Asked Questions on Energy Security [online]. iea.org, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iea.org/articles/frequently-asked-questions-on-energy-security">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">DAVYDOVA, Angelina. Will Russia ever leave fossil fuels behind? - BBC Future [online]. bbc.com, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20211115-climate-change-can-russia-leave-fossil-fuels-behind">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">TIMES, The Moscow. Russia's Natural Resources Valued at 60% of GDP [online]. themoscowtimes.com, 2019-03-14, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/03/14/russias-natural-resources-valued-at-60-of-gdp-a64800">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">TRTWorld. Russian finances strong but economic problems persist [online]. trtworld.com, 2020-05-29, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/russian-finances-strong-but-economic-problems-persist-36750">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">ELLYATT, Holly. 5 charts show Russia's economic highs and lows under Putin [online]. cnbc.com, 2021-10-11, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/11/russias-economy-under-president-putin-in-charts.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Over 1,000 Companies Have Curtailed Operations in Russia—But Some Remain [online]. som.yale.edu, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://som.yale.edu/story/2022/over-1000-companies-have-curtailed-operations-russia-some-remain">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">WADHAMS, Nick. Russia Is Now the World's Most-Sanctioned Nation [online]. bloomberg.com, 2022-03-07, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-07/russia-surges-past-iran-to-become-world-s-most-sanctioned-nation">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> The unprecedented American sanctions on Russia, explained [online]. vox.com, 2022-03-09, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.vox.com/22968949/russia-sanctions-swift-economy-mcdonalds">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">WHALEN, Jeanne; DIXON, Robyn; NAKASHIMA, Ellen; ILYUSHINA, Mary. Western sanctions are wounding but not yet crushing Russia’s economy. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Washington_Post?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> (Washington, D. C.: Nash Holdings), 2022-08-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/08/23/russian-sanctions-economy/">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">MARTIN, Nik. Is Russia's economy really hurting? [online]. dw.com, 2022-09-06, [cit. 2022-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dw.com/en/is-russias-economy-really-hurting/a-63000166">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Railways [online]. cia.gov, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/railways/country-comparison">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> О развитии дорожной инфраструктуры [online]. government.ru, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://government.ru/info/22865/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Europe continues to report the world’s highest Road Network Density, followed by East Asia and Pacific. [online]. worldroadstatistics.org, 2020-12-16, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldroadstatistics.org/europe-central-asia-continue-to-report-the-worlds-highest-road-network-density-followed-by-east-asia-and-pacific/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Waterways [online]. cia.gov, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/waterways/country-comparison">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Airports [online]. cia.gov, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/airports/country-comparison">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">GUZEVA, Alexandra. 10 BIGGEST port cities in Russia [online]. rbth.com, 2021-04-20, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rbth.com/travel/333689-russia-biggest-port-cities">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">BUCHANAN, Elizabeth. Russian Energy Strategy in the Asia-Pacific (Implications for Australia). Canberra : ANU Press, 2021. 240 s. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-1-76046-339-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-1-76046-339-7">ISBN 978-1-76046-339-7</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Statistical Review of World Energy [online]. bp.com, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Crude oil – proved reserves [online]. cia.gov, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220220525/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/crude-oil-proved-reserves/country-comparison">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2022-12-20 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/crude-oil-proved-reserves/country-comparison">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> 2010 Survey of Energy Resource [online]. worldenergy.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldenergy.org/assets/downloads/ser_2010_report_1.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Energy Fact Sheet: Why does Russian oil and gas matter? [online]. iea.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iea.org/articles/energy-fact-sheet-why-does-russian-oil-and-gas-matter">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Crude oil – exports [online]. cia.gov, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220220527/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/crude-oil-exports/country-comparison">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2022-12-20 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/crude-oil-exports/country-comparison">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Oil Market and Russian Supply – Russian supplies to global energy markets – Analysis - IEA [online]. iea.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iea.org/reports/russian-supplies-to-global-energy-markets/oil-market-and-russian-supply-2">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Gas Market and Russian Supply – Russian supplies to global energy markets – Analysis - IEA [online]. iea.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iea.org/reports/russian-supplies-to-global-energy-markets/gas-market-and-russian-supply-2">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">SAUER, Natalie. Russia formally joins Paris climate pact [online]. euractiv.com, 2019-09-24, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/news/russia-formally-joins-paris-climate-pact/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Is Russia finally getting serious on climate change? [online]. lowyinstitute.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/russia-finally-getting-serious-climate-change">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">LONG, Tony. June 27, 1954: World's First Nuclear Power Plant Opens [online]. wired.com, 2012-06-27, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wired.com/2012/06/june-27-1954-worlds-first-nuclear-power-plant-opens/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Nuclear Power in the World Today [online]. world-nuclear.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-power-in-the-world-today.aspx">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">↑</a> Economy of Russia. In: <cite style="font-style:normal"> Encyclopædia Britannica [online]. Encyclopædia Britannica, 1999-07-26, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Russia/Economy">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Arable land (% of land area) - Russian Federation [online]. data.worldbank.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.ZS?locations%3DRU">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> System Shock: Russia’s War and Global Food, Energy, and Mineral Supply Chains [online]. wilsoncenter.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/system-shock-russias-war-and-global-food-energy-and-mineral-supply-chains">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">MEDETSKY, Anatoly; DURISIN, Megan. Russia’s Dominance of the Wheat World Keeps Growing [online]. bloomberg.com, 2020-09-22, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-22/russia-s-dominance-of-the-wheat-world-keeps-growing">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Wheat in Russia [online]. oec.world, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/wheat/reporter/rus?redirect%3Dtrue">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> The importance of Ukraine and the Russian Federation for global agricultural markets and the risks associated with the current conflict [online]. fao.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.fao.org/3/cb9236en/cb9236en.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">LUSTGARTEN, Abrahm. How Russia Wins the Climate Crisis. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (New York: The New York Times Company), 2020-12-16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/12/16/magazine/russia-climate-migration-crisis.html">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1553-8095">1553-8095</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 [online]. fao.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Gross domestic spending on R&D [online]. data.oecd.org, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114013730/https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2017-01-14 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> SJR - International Science Ranking [online]. scimagojr.com, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?year%3D2020">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Кто из российских и советских ученых и литераторов становился лауреатом Нобелевской премии [online]. tass.ru, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tass.ru/info/7308739">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Global Innovation Index 2021 [online]. wipo.int, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2021/ru.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">MARSH, Allison. Who Invented Radio: Guglielmo Marconi or Aleksandr Popov? [online]. spectrum.ieee.org, 2020-04-30, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://spectrum.ieee.org/who-invented-radio-guglielmo-marconi-or-aleksandr-popov">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Nikolay Basov—Nobel Prize for Lasers and Masers [online]. misuse.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, [cit. 2022-12-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://misuse.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/error/abuse.shtml">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov: Plant Geographer, Geneticist, Martyr of Science [online]. hort.purdue.edu, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/pdfs/772.full.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Vladimir Zworykin [online]. lemelson.mit.edu, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/vladimir-zworykin">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Theodosius Grigorievich Dobzhansky, 25 January 1900 - 18 December 1975 [online]. royalsocietypublishing.org, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.1977.0004">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> The Distinguished Life and Career of George Gamow [online]. colorado.edu, 2016-05-11, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.colorado.edu/physics/events/outreach/george-gamow-memorial-lecture-series/distinguished-life-and-career-george-gamow">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> UCS Satellite Database [online]. ucsusa.org, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/satellite-database">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> UNWTO World Tourism Barometer [online]. e-unwto.org, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.6">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russian Federation - Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP as a share of GDP [online]. knoema.com, 2019-06-04, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://knoema.com/atlas/Russian-Federation/topics/Tourism/Travel-and-Tourism-Total-Contribution-to-GDP/Contribution-of-travel-and-tourism-to-GDP-percent-of-GDP">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Getting to the Top In the Caucasus. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (New York: The New York Times Company), 1989-08-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/27/travel/getting-to-the-top-in-the-caucasus.html">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1553-8095">1553-8095</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> UNWTO Tourism Highlights [online]. e-unwto.org, [cit. 2015-01-12]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205165056/http://www.e-unwto.org/content/r13521/fulltext.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2015-02-05 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.e-unwto.org/content/r13521/fulltext.pdf">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">ВЛАСОВ, Артем. Названы самые популярные достопримечательности России [online]. iz.ru, 2018-12-17, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iz.ru/824446/2018-12-17/nazvany-samye-populiarnye-dostoprimechatelnosti-rossii">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">By. 48 hours in . . . Moscow, an insider guide to Russia's mighty metropolis [online]. telegraph.co.uk, 7 March 2021 • 12:50am, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/russia/moscow/articles/moscow-travel-guide/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">HAMMER, Joshua. White Nights of St. Petersburg, Russia. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (New York: The New York Times Company), 2011-06-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/05/travel/russias-white-nights-in-st-petersburg.html">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1553-8095">1553-8095</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-125">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow [online]. whc.unesco.org, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/545/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Western Culture Comes to Russia [online]. historytoday.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/western-culture-comes-russia">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> The Russian Cinematic Culture [online]. digitalscholarship.unlv.edu, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1021%26context%3Drussian_culture">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Russian Federation [online]. whc.unesco.org, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ru">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Public Holidays in Russia [online]. cbr.ru, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cbr.ru/eng/other/holidays/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-130">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">Coilin O'Connor, Irina Lagunina. Russian New Year: At The Heart Of A Wide Tapestry Of Winter Traditions [online]. rferl.org, 2020-12-30, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-christmas-new-near-traditions-food-customs/31010307.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-131">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">РИА Новости. День защитника Отечества. История праздника [online]. ria.ru, 20110223T0900, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ria.ru/20110223/336868820.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-132">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> In pictures: May Day through history [online]. euronews.com, 2020-05-01, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.euronews.com/2020/05/01/in-pictures-may-day-through-history">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">ILYUSHINA, Mary; HODGE, Nathan. Russia kicks off lavish Victory Day parade following coronavirus delay [online]. edition.cnn.com, 2020-06-24, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/24/europe/victory-day-moscow-parade-coronavirus-2020-intl/index.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-134">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">PROKOPYEVA, Svetlana. Russia's Immortal Regiment: From Grassroots To 'Quasi-Religious Cult' [online]. rferl.org, 2017-05-12, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-immortal-regiment-grassroots-to-quasi-religious-cult/28482905.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">YEGOROV, Oleg. What do Russians celebrate on June 12? [online]. rbth.com, 2019-06-12, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rbth.com/lifestyle/330502-russia-day-holiday">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia celebrates National Unity Day [online]. tass.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tass.com/society/1357591">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Why Russians celebrate New Year TWICE [online]. rbth.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rbth.com/lifestyle/333267-old-new-year-russia">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> It's Russian Mardi Gras: Time For Pancakes, Butter And Fistfights [online]. npr.org, 2013-03-14, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/03/14/174097702/its-russian-mardi-gras-bring-on-the-pancakes-and-butter">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-139">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia marks Cosmonautics Day — in pictures [online]. dw.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dw.com/en/russia-marks-cosmonautics-day-in-pictures/g-57175251">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-140">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Celebrate: Russian Orthodox Easter [online]. sbs.com.au, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sbs.com.au/food/article/2013/04/04/celebrate-russian-orthodox-easter">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Architecture and Painting [online]. countrystudies.us, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://countrystudies.us/russia/46.htm">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia - Early Imperial Russia [online]. countrystudies.us, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://countrystudies.us/russia/4.htm">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-143">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> “If the soul is nourished …” [online]. misuse.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://misuse.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/error/abuse.shtml">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-144">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">LIDOV, Alexei. The Canopy over the Holy Sepulchre. On the Origin of Onion-Shaped Domes [online]. academia.edu, 2005-01-01, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.academia.edu/2694753">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> To the New Shore: Soviet Architecture’s Journey from Classicism to Standardization [online]. iseees.berkeley.edu, [cit. 2022-01-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120150146/https://iseees.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/shared/doc/2013_8-eady.pdf">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2022-01-20 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iseees.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/shared/doc/2013_8-eady.pdf">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-146">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia - Music [online]. countrystudies.us, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://countrystudies.us/russia/44.htm">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-147">↑</a> Music of Russia. In: <cite style="font-style:normal"> Encyclopædia Britannica [online]. Encyclopædia Britannica, 1999-07-26, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Russia/Music">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> 'Perfect isn't good enough'. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (Londýn: Guardian News and Media Limited), 2000-11-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/nov/22/artsfeatures2">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">SMALE, Alison. A Superstar Evokes a Superpower; In Diva's Voice, Adoring Fans Hear Echoes of Soviet Days. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (New York: The New York Times Company), 2000-02-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/28/nyregion/superstar-evokes-superpower-diva-s-voice-adoring-fans-hear-echoes-soviet-days.html?scp%3D5%26sq%3Dpugacheva%26st%3Dcse">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1553-8095">1553-8095</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">Sally McGrane. Boris Grebenshikov: ‘The Bob Dylan of Russia’ - BBC Culture [online]. bbc.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20141013-meet-the-bob-dylan-of-russia">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> DDT: Notes from Russia's Rock Underground [online]. npr.org, 2008-02-06, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.npr.org/2008/02/06/18752518/ddt-notes-from-russias-rock-underground">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">Coilin O'Connor. 'Crazy Pirates': The Leningrad Rockers Who Rode A Wind Of Change Across The U.S.S.R. [online]. rferl.org, 2021-03-23, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rferl.org/a/leningrad-rock-club-scorpions-meine-soviet-union-wind-of-change-tsoi/31157285.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">RFE/RL. Musician, Songwriter, Cultural Force: Remembering Russia's Viktor Tsoi [online]. rferl.org, 2015-08-12, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-music-kino-tsoi/27185480.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Tatu bad to be true [online]. theage.com.au, 2003-06-14, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/music/tatu-bad-to-be-true-20030614-gdvvq0.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-countrystudies-russia-literature-155">↑ <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-countrystudies-russia-literature_155-0">a</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-countrystudies-russia-literature_155-1">b</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-countrystudies-russia-literature_155-2">c</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia - Literature [online]. countrystudies.us, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://countrystudies.us/russia/43.htm">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">PROSE, Francine; MOSER, Benjamin. What Makes the Russian Literature of the 19th Century So Distinctive?. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (New York: The New York Times Company), 2014-11-25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/30/books/review/what-makes-the-russian-literature-of-the-19th-century-so-distinctive.html">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1553-8095">1553-8095</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">V.S. Pritchett. Saint of Inertia [online]. nybooks.com, 1974-03-07, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1974/03/07/saint-of-inertia/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> A Chekhov lexicon. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (Londýn: Guardian News and Media Limited), 2004-07-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/classics">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">AZHNINA, Maria. 7 kinds of Russian bread you’ll want to bite the crust off of [online]. rbth.com, 2017-07-13, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rbth.com/russian_kitchen/2017/07/13/7-kinds-of-russian-bread-youll-want-to-bite-the-crust-off-of_801997">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-160">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">MONITOR, The Christian Science. When it comes to bread, Russians don't loaf [online]. csmonitor.com, 1985-09-16, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.csmonitor.com/1985/0916/obread.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-161">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">EREMEEVA, Jennifer. Spotlight on Smetana: Russia’s Sour Cream [online]. themoscowtimes.com, 2021-05-15, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/05/15/spotlight-on-smetana-russias-sour-cream-a73909">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-162">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Understanding Russia's obsession with mayonnaise. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (Londýn: Guardian News and Media Limited), 2014-11-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/21/-sp-understanding-russias-obsession-with-mayonnaise">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-163">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> From sizzling shashlik to spicy seekh kebabs: barbecue recipes from around the world. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (Londýn: Guardian News and Media Limited), 2020-07-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/jul/22/from-sizzling-shashlik-to-spicy-seekh-kebabs-barbecue-recipes-from-around-the-world">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">EREMEEVA, Jennifer. North Meets South in Mini Golubtsy [online]. themoscowtimes.com, 2021-02-06, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/02/06/north-meets-south-in-mini-golubtsy-a72851">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> How to make the perfect Russian salad. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (Londýn: Guardian News and Media Limited), 2020-08-05. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/aug/05/how-to-make-the-perfect-russian-salad-felicity-cloake">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-166">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russian Vinegret salad: Super-easy and super-traditional [online]. rbth.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rbth.com/russian-kitchen/326159-russian-vinegret-salad-super-easy">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-167">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Global Snack: Herring under a fur coat [online]. dw.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dw.com/en/global-snack-herring-under-a-fur-coat/video-55811920">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-168">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">EREMEEVA, Jennifer. Kvas: Russia’s National Tipple [online]. themoscowtimes.com, 2020-07-04, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/07/04/kvas-russias-national-tipple-a70784">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">NOSOWITZ, Dan. How To Drink Vodka Like a Russian [online]. atlasobscura.com, 2016-04-07, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/how-to-drink-vodka-like-a-russian">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">FERDMAN, Roberto A.. Map: Where the world’s biggest vodka drinkers are [online]. qz.com, 2014-02-23, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qz.com/179708/map-where-the-worlds-biggest-vodka-drinkers-are">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia Wine Market Overview [online]. apps.fas.usda.gov, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName%3DRussia%2520Wine%2520Market%2520Overview_Moscow%2520ATO_Russian%2520Federation_04-21-2021">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-172">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russian samovars make tea-time distinctive tradition [online]. aa.com.tr, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/russian-samovars-make-tea-time-distinctive-tradition/1720329">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-173">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia – Media Landscape [online]. ejc.net, [cit. 2018-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320003807/http://ejc.net/media_landscapes/russia">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2018-03-20 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ejc.net/media_landscapes/russia">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-174">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia profile - Media [online]. bbc.com, 2012-04-26, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17840134">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-175">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russia Games Market 2018 [online]. newzoo.com, 2018-07-11, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013140019/https://newzoo.com/insights/infographics/russia-games-market-2018">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2022-10-13 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://newzoo.com/insights/infographics/russia-games-market-2018">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-176">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> EISENSTEIN, Sergei - BATTLESHIP POTEMKIN - 1925 Russia - Middlesex [online]. play.mdx.ac.uk, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.play.mdx.ac.uk/media/EISENSTEIN%252C%2BSergei%2B-%2BBATTLESHIP%2BPOTEMKIN%2B-%2B1925%2BRussia/1_sub9wj41">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Why the Sergei Eisenstein Google Doodle Celebrates the "Father of Montage" [online]. inverse.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.inverse.com/article/40392-sergei-eisenstein-google-doodle">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-178">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">BFI. Where to begin with Andrei Tarkovsky [online]. bfi.org.uk, 2015-10-27, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/where-begin-with-andrei-tarkovsky">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-179">↑</a> All-Union State Institute of Cinematography. In: <cite style="font-style:normal"> Encyclopædia Britannica [online]. Encyclopædia Britannica, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/topic/All-Union-State-Institute-of-Cinematography">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Yale film scholar on Dziga Vertov, the enigma with a movie camera [online]. news.yale.edu, 2019-08-12, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://news.yale.edu/2019/08/12/yale-film-scholar-dziga-vertov-enigma-movie-camera">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-181">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">RFE/RL. Eldar Ryazanov And His Films [online]. rferl.org, 2015-11-30, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rferl.org/a/eldar-ryazanov-films/27398408.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-182">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> White Sun of the Desert / Beloe solntse pustyni [online]. filmlinc.com, [cit. 2008-09-05]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905102633/http://filmlinc.com/wrt/onsale08/russian08/whitesunofthedesert.html">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2008-09-05 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://filmlinc.com/wrt/onsale08/russian08/whitesunofthedesert.html">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-183">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">Ben Aris for BNE. The Revival of Russia’s Cinema Industry [online]. themoscowtimes.com, 2019-01-18, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/01/18/the-revival-of-russias-cinema-industry-a64197">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-184">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">UEFA.com. EURO 1960: all you need to know [online]. uefa.com, 2020-02-13, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/025a-0eb0ecf360cc-a9532565e049-1000--euro-1960-all-you-need-to-know/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-185">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">UEFA.com. Classics: Soviet Union vs Netherlands, 1988 [online]. uefa.com, 2020-05-29, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/025d-0f859f66fcba-c8d3aa08dfa3-1000--classics-ussr-vs-netherlands-1988/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">UEFA.com. Sporting-CSKA Moskva: watch their 2005 final [online]. uefa.com, 2015-08-07, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d806e352f9f-e83f37a18d8b-1000--sporting-cska-moskva-watch-their-2005-final/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-187">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">TERRY, Joe. How a brilliant Zenit Saint Petersburg lifted the UEFA Cup in 2008 [online]. thesefootballtimes.co, 2019-11-18, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2019/11/18/how-a-brilliant-zenit-saint-petersburg-lifted-the-uefa-cup-in-2008/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-188">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">INGLE, Sean. Euro 2008: Russia v Spain - as it happened. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (Londýn: Guardian News and Media Limited), 2008-06-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2008/jun/26/russiaspainlive">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-189">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> FIFA Confederations Cup Russia 2017™ [online]. fifa.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/confederationscup/russia2017">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-190">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">FIFA.com. 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ [online]. fifa.com, [cit. 2020-02-24]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224033040/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/russia2018/">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2020-02-24 z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/russia2018/">originálu.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-191">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">BRITO, Christopher. FIFA and UEFA suspend Russian national teams and clubs from all competitions "until further notice" [online]. cbsnews.com, 2022-02-28, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-fifa-world-cup-uefa/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-192">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Bandy: A concise history of the extreme sport [online]. rbth.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rbth.com/arts/sport/2013/02/14/bandy_a_concise_history_of_the_extreme_sport_22867.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-193">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">Tosten Burks and Jeremy Woo. Follow the Bouncing Ball [online]. grantland.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://grantland.com/features/euroleague-basketball-cska-moscow-andrei-kirilenko-sonny-weems-kyle-hines-demetris-nichols/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-194">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">F1. Russia - Sochi [online]. formula1.com, 2020-04-05, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.formula1.com/en/information.russia-sochi-autodrom.3nDdZPizsnPEtlHysv115Y.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-195">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Formula 1 terminates contract with Russian Grand Prix [online]. bbc.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/60601632">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-196">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russian mastery in synchronized swimming yields double gold [online]. eu.usatoday.com, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2016/08/19/russian-mastery-in-synchronized-swimming-yields-double-gold/89000222/">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-197">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Figure skating is on thin ice. Here’s how to fix it. [online]. vox.com, 2021-02-18, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22276736/figure-skating-olympics-winter-2022-lessons">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-198">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> Russian domination at the Australian Open [online]. thewest.com.au, 2021-02-11, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://thewest.com.au/sport/tennis/rublev-dominates-second-round-open-match-ng-s-2049116">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-199">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">BEAM, Christopher. Red Squares [online]. slate.com, 2009-09-25, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2009/09/how-did-russians-get-so-good-at-chess.html">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-200">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">IOC. Moscow 1980 [online]. olympics.com, 2018-04-24, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/moscow-1980">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-201">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">IOC. Sochi 2014 [online]. olympics.com, 2018-04-23, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/sochi-2014">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-202">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal"> SOCHI 2014 PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES [online]. paralympic.org, [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.paralympic.org/sochi-2014">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-203">↑</a> <cite style="font-style:normal">KEH, Andrew; PANJA, Tariq. Will Russia Be Thrown Out of the Olympics on Monday? A Primer. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (New York: The New York Times Company), 2019-12-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/08/sports/olympics/Wada-Russing-doping.html">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2022-12-21]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1553-8095">1553-8095</a>. </cite></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Pozri_aj">Pozri aj</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=56&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pozri aj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spolupr%C3%A1ca_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie_s_pohrani%C4%8Dn%C3%BDm_obyvate%C4%BEstvom_a_susedn%C3%BDmi_krajinami?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spolupráca Ruskej federácie s pohraničným obyvateľstvom a susednými krajinami">Spolupráca Ruskej federácie s pohraničným obyvateľstvom a susednými krajinami</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#P%C3%B4vod_n%C3%A1zvu_krajiny" title="Rusi">Pôvod názvu krajiny</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Iné_projekty">Iné projekty</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=57&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné projekty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="interProject wikiquote" style="display:none;"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikiquote.org/wiki/Rusko" class="extiw" title="q:Rusko">Wikicitáty</a> </div> <div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Russia">Commons</a> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wiktionary.org/wiki/Rusko" class="extiw" title="wikt:Rusko">Wikislovník</a> </div> <ul> <li> <noscript> <img alt="Spolupracuj na Wikicitátoch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Spolupracuj na Wikicitátoch" data-width="18" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Wikicitáty ponúkajú citáty od alebo o <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikiquote.org/wiki/Rusko" class="extiw" title="q:Rusko">Rusko</a></li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="Spolupracuj na Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Spolupracuj na Commons" data-width="18" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Russia">Rusko</a></li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="Spolupracuj na Wikislovníku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png/18px-Wiktionary-ico-de.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png/18px-Wiktionary-ico-de.png" data-alt="Spolupracuj na Wikislovníku" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png/27px-Wiktionary-ico-de.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Wikislovník ponúka heslo <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wiktionary.org/wiki/Rusko" class="extiw" title="wikt:Rusko">Rusko</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="Externé_odkazy">Externé odkazy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=edit&section=58&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Externé odkazy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> upraviť </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div style="border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 0ex 1ex; font-size: 90%;" class="tright" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka"> <table style="margin: 0; padding: 0ex"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;margin: 0;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Portal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"> <noscript> <img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/36px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 36px;height: 32px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/36px-Portal.svg.png" data-alt="Portal" data-width="36" data-height="32" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/54px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/72px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td style="text-align:left;font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portál:Rusko">Ruský portál</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gov.ru/index.html">Oficiálna stránka ruskej vlády</a> (po rusky)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uoregon.edu/~kimball/images/maps/EurASA.rlf.blue.Nstrm.jpg">Mapa severnej pologule a Ruska</a></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Zdroj: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DRusko%26oldid%3D7947066">https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rusko&oldid=7947066</a>“ </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Naposledy upravené 21. november 2024 o 16:00 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Jazyky</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D3%2599%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Урыстәыла – abcházčina" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Урыстәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abcházčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – acehčina" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%258B%25D0%25B5" title="Урысые – adygejčina" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысые" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – nemčina (švajčiarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemčina (švajčiarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Россия – južná altajčina" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="južná altajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Алтай тил</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%25A9%25E1%2588%25B2%25E1%258B%25AB" title="ሩሲያ – amharčina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩሲያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – stará angličtina" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="stará angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25E1%25BB%258D%25E1%25B9%25A3ia" title="Rọṣia – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Rọṣia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="रूस – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="روسيا – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25AA%25DC%2598%25DC%25A3%25DC%259D%25DC%2590" title="ܪܘܣܝܐ – aramejčina" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="روسيا – arabština (marocká)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabština (marocká)" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="روسيا – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%259B%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="ৰাছিয়া – ásamčina" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাছিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ásamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – atikamekwčina" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekwčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Россия – avarčina" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="रूस – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – aymarčina" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D9%2587" title="روسیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D3%2599%25D1%2581%25D3%2599%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D2%25BB%25D1%258B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – balijčina" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – bavorština" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavorština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ros%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Rosėjė – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Расія – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%258F" title="Расея – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan – batavština" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="batavština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Русия – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="रूस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – bandžarština" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="bandžarština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25AE" title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risila" title="Risila – bambarčina" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Risila" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="রাশিয়া – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A8%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ། – tibetčina" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="রাশিয়া – bišnuprijskomanipurština" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bišnuprijskomanipurština" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – bretónčina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A8%2591%25E1%25A8%2598%25E1%25A8%2594%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%2595" title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ – bugiština" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugiština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2585%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE_%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581" title="Оросой холбоото улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оросой холбоото улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25BAssia" title="Rússia – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%25C3%25B2%25CC%25A4-l%25C3%25B2%25CC%25A4-s%25E1%25B9%25B3%25CC%2586" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8" title="Росси – čečenčina" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Росси" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – cebuánčina" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – čamorčina" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="čamorčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258F%25B2%25E1%258F%2582%25E1%258E%25A2" title="ᏲᏂᎢ – čerokí" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏲᏂᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čerokí" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – čejenčina" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="čejenčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2595%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="ڕووسیا – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – korzičtina" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiye" title="Rusiye – krymská tatárčina" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rusiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krymská tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%25C3%25B4" title="Ruskô – kašubčina" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ruskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašubčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D1%25A1%25D1%2581%25D1%2597%25EA%2599%2597" title="Рѡсїꙗ – cirkevná slovančina" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Рѡсїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="cirkevná slovančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25C4%2595" title="Раççей Федерацийĕ – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раççей Федерацийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwsia" title="Rwsia – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwsia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="odporúčaný článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruccia" title="Ruccia – dinkčina" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ruccia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinkčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska" title="Rusojska – dolnolužická srbčina" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="dolnolužická srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – kadazandusunština" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="kadazandusunština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="रूस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2583%25DE%25AB%25DE%2590%25DE%25A9%25DE%2588%25DE%25A8%25DE%258D%25DE%25A7%25DE%258C%25DE%25B0" title="ރޫސީވިލާތް – maldivčina" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldivčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A4%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A1%25E0%25BD%25B1%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2595%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%258C%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A4%25E0%25BD%25B1%25E0%25BD%2593" title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – eweština" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eweština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A1%25CF%2589%25CF%2583%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Ρωσία – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusio" title="Rusio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Venemaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – extremadurština" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremadurština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D9%2587" title="روسیه – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosiya" title="Roosiya – fulbčina" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Roosiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%25C3%25A4j%25C3%25A4" title="Venäjä – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnemaa" title="Vinnemaa – võruština" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinnemaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võruština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – fidžijčina" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – faerčina" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faerčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – franko-provensálština" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="franko-provensálština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslun" title="Ruslun – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruslun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – friulčina" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusl%25C3%25A2n" title="Ruslân – západná frízština" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ruslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="západná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%25C3%25BAis" title="An Rúis – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rúis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – gagauzština" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BF%2584%25E7%25BE%2585%25E6%2596%25AF" title="俄羅斯 – čínština (dialekty Gan)" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Gan)" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ruis" title="An Ruis – škótska gaelčina" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Ruis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škótska gaelčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25DB%258A%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D9%2587" title="رۊسيه – gilačtina" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rr%25C3%25BAsia" title="Rrúsia – guaraníjčina" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrúsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraníjčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="रूस – konkánština (Goa)" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkánština (Goa)" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258D%2582%25F0%2590%258C%25BF%25F0%2590%258D%2583%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BD%25F0%2590%258C%25B3" title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – gótčina" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gótčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25B6%25E0%25AA%25BF%25E0%25AA%25AF%25E0%25AA%25BE" title="રશિયા – gudžarátčina" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રશિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Roosh" title="Yn Roosh – mančina" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Roosh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasha" title="Rasha – hauština" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rasha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hauština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%25C3%25B2-l%25C3%25B2-s%25E1%25B9%25B3%25CC%2582" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂ – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C5%25ABsia" title="Rūsia – havajčina" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Rūsia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%25A1%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="רוסיה – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="रूस – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruska" title="Ruska – hornolužická srbčina" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ruska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="hornolužická srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi – haitská kreolčina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitská kreolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroszorsz%25C3%25A1g" title="Oroszország – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oroszország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258C%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6" title="Ռուսաստան – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258C%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25BD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Ռուսիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ibančina" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpaghara_Russia" title="Mpaghara Russia – igboština" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mpaghara Russia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igboština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusiq_(nuna)" title="Uruusiq (nuna) – inupik" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusiq (nuna)" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ilokánčina" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5" title="Эрсече – inguština" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсече" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguština" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25BAssland" title="Rússland – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2590%2585%25E1%2593%259B%25E1%2593%25B4" title="ᐅᓛᓴ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᓛᓴ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%25AD%25E3%2582%25B7%25E3%2582%25A2" title="ロシア – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosha" title="Rosha – jamajská kreolština" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Rosha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamajská kreolština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukygu%2527e" title="rukygu'e – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan – jávčina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jávčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="რუსეთი – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya – karakalpačtina" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – kabylčina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9" title="Урысей – kabardčina" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii" title="Ruusii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshya" title="Roshya – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – kongčina" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racia" title="Racia – kikujčina" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Racia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikujčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9" title="Ресей – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ресей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25BB%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259F%258A%25E1%259E%25B8" title="រុស្ស៊ី – khmérčina" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmérčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25B7%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ – kannadčina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%259F%25AC%25EC%258B%259C%25EC%2595%2584" title="러시아 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2587%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583" title="Рочму – komi-permiačtina" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Россия Федерация – karačajevsko-balkarčina" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Россия Федерация" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karačajevsko-balkarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2597%25D8%25B3" title="روٗس – kašmírčina" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmírčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – kolínčina" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kolínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25BBsya" title="Rûsya – kurdčina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rûsya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2587%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583" title="Рочму – komijčina" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi" title="Russi – kornčina" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Орусия – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орусия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – židovská španielčina" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="židovská španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – luxemburčina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%258C%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582" title="Аьрасат – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Аьрасат" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582" title="Урусат – lezginčina" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урусат" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwasha" title="Rwasha – gandčina" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Rwasha" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="gandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B3slandj" title="Róslandj – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Róslandj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B9scia" title="Rùscia – ligurština" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rùscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruscia" title="Ruscia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25BCssia" title="Rüssia – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rüssia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%25C3%25AD" title="Rusí – lingalčina" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rusí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%258A%25E0%25BA%258D" title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ – laoština" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoština" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%25C4%25ABveja" title="Krīveja – latgalština" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīveja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievija" title="Krievija – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – madurčina" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="रूस – maithilčina" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Россия мастор – mokšiančina" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Россия мастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšiančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosia" title="Rosia – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rosia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9" title="Россий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C5%25ABhia" title="Rūhia – maorijčina" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – minangkabaučina" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabaučina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Русија – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF" title="റഷ്യ – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581" title="Орос – mongolčina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2594%25EA%25AF%2581%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A5" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ – manípurčina" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manípurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25BE%25E1%2580%25AC" title="ရုရှာ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ရုရှာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="रशिया – maráthčina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9" title="Россий – marijština (západní)" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="marijština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russja" title="Russja – maltčina" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Russja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25BAssia" title="Rússia – mirandčina" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25BE%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ – barmčina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Россия Мастор – erzjančina" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Россия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D9%2587" title="روسیه – mázandaránčina" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázandaránčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – neapolčina" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslaand" title="Ruslaand – dolná saština" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ruslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="dolná saština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="रुस – nepálčina" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="रुस – nevárčina" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – niasánčina" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="niasánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%258C%25DF%25AC%25DF%2599%25DF%258C%25DF%25AC%25DF%259B%25DF%258C%25DF%25AB" title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – sothčina (severná)" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sothčina (severná)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A9%25C3%25A9%25CA%25BC_%25C5%2581ich%25C3%25AD%25C3%25AD%25CA%25BC%25C3%25AD_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ňandža" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="ňandža" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%2527a" title="Ven'a – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven'a" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raashiyaa" title="Raashiyaa – oromčina" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Raashiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%258B%25E0%25AC%25B7%25E0%25AC%25BF%25E0%25AC%2586" title="ଋଷିଆ – uríjčina" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଋଷିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="uríjčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25C3%25A6%25D1%2580%25C3%25A6%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5" title="Уæрæсе – osetčina" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уæрæсе" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2582%25E0%25A8%25B8" title="ਰੂਸ – pandžábčina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžábčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – pangasinančina" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – kapampangančina" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="kapampangančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – picardština" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picardština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – nigerijský pidžin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="nigerijský pidžin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – němčina (pensylvánská)" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="němčina (pensylvánská)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – falčtina" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="falčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="रूस – pálí" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pálí" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusha" title="Rusha – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rusha" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosja" title="Rosja – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rosja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – piemonština" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="روس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A1%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585%25CF%2583%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Ρουσία – pontština" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ρουσία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D9%2587" title="روسیه – paštčina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25BAssia" title="Rússia – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – kečuánčina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – rétorománčina" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rétorománčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya – rundčina" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arusia" title="Arusia – arumunčina" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arusia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Россия – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Росія – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya – rwandčina" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="rwandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="रास्या – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रास्या" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D1%258B%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B0" title="Арассыыйа – jakutčina" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арассыыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259F" title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ – santalčina" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B9ssia" title="Rùssia – sardínčina" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rùssia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – sicílčina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicílčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie" title="Roushie – škótčina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škótčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="روس – sindhčina" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%25C5%25A1%25C5%25A1a" title="Ruošša – saamčina (severná)" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruošša" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="saamčina (severná)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%25C3%25AFi" title="Rusïi – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Rusïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2588%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2580%25B8" title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး – šančina" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="šančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%2594%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580" title="රුසියාව – sinhalčina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="روس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – samojčina" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samojčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%25C5%25A1%25C5%25A1%25C3%25A2" title="Ruoššâ – saamčina (inarijská)" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruoššâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="saamčina (inarijská)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhashiya" title="Rhashiya – šončina" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šončina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruushka" title="Ruushka – somálčina" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ruushka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – albánčina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Русија – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – surinamčina" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="surinamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – svazijčina" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svazijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashea" title="Rashea – sothčina (južná)" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Rashea" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sothčina (južná)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslound" title="Ruslound – fríština (saterlandská)" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruslound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fríština (saterlandská)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – sundčina" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryssland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi" title="Urusi – swahilčina" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Urusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyjo" title="Rusyjo – slezština" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rusyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slezština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2589%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BE" title="உருசியா – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25B7%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ – tuluština" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tuluština" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25B7%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%25BE" title="రష్యా – telugčina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25BAsia" title="Rúsia – tetumčina" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Rúsia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetumčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Русия – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2" title="ประเทศรัสเซีย – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศรัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%25A9%25E1%2588%25B5%25E1%258B%25AB" title="ሩስያ – tigriňa" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሩስያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigriňa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi%25C3%25BDa" title="Russiýa – turkménčina" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Russiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusij%25C9%2599t" title="Urusijət – talyština" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusijət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talyština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – tswančina" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C5%25ABsia" title="Lūsia – tongčina" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lūsia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia – novoguinejský pidžin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="novoguinejský pidžin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaxiya" title="Rhaxiya – tsongčina" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rhaxiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsongčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Россия – tatárčina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článok"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C5%25ABtia" title="Rūtia – tahitčina" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Россия – tuviančina" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviančina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Россия – udmurtčina" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25DB%2595" title="روسىيە – ujgurčina" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="روسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Росія – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="روس – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashia" title="Rashia – vendčina" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Rashia" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="vendčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B9sia" title="Rùsia – benátština" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Rùsia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="benátština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%25C3%25A4ma" title="Venäma – vepština" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venäma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nga" title="Nga – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – vlámština (západní)" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vlámština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%25C3%25A4n" title="Rusän – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25BBsseye" title="Rûsseye – valónčina" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsseye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisi" title="Riisi – wolofčina" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Riisi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BF%2584%25E7%25BD%2597%25E6%2596%25AF" title="俄罗斯 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D3%2599%25D0%25BD" title="Орсин Ниицән – kalmyčtina" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орсин Ниицән" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – xhoština" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhoština" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="რუსეთი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%25A1%25D7%259C%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593" title="רוסלאנד – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25E1%25BB%258D%25CC%2581s%25C3%25AD%25C3%25A0" title="Rọ́síà – jorubčina" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngozlozswh" title="Ngozlozswh – čuangčina" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ngozlozswh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="čuangčina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – zélandština" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandština" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%2594%25E2%25B5%2593%25E2%25B5%2599%25E2%25B5%25A2%25E2%25B4%25B0" title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ – tuaregčina (marocká štandardná)" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tuaregčina (marocká štandardná)" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BF%2584%25E7%25BD%2597%25E6%2596%25AF" title="俄罗斯 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BF%2584%25E7%25BE%2585%25E6%2596%25AF" title="俄羅斯 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="čínština (klasická)" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C5%258D%25CD%2598-se-a" title="Lō͘-se-a – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BF%2584%25E7%25BE%2585%25E6%2596%25AF" title="俄羅斯 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – zuluština" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluština" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist 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