CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136a0638dd8ce82',cH: 'mzrJhzNLexOX3dBs67xSCs0oRNXjY19whXEAkH6htJs-1739804211-1.2.1.1-Ht8nrbW6XhQM85s6Twe29LzbhO0qwJvfevX0Dh2vyHHDlLEfYQE2T092EiIluAY5',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=liquid%20filled%20containers&page=92&__cf_chl_tk=ll0u69cDYOMcQWYDP_rt5t8_cVQa_CivQAEwSF9_TR8-1739804211-1.0.1.1-cQXkzKsbJcls1KaVB9pHF5S.hc.A7LbysXAQ09kUcjs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739804211',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=liquid%20filled%20containers&page=92&__cf_chl_f_tk=ll0u69cDYOMcQWYDP_rt5t8_cVQa_CivQAEwSF9_TR8-1739804211-1.0.1.1-cQXkzKsbJcls1KaVB9pHF5S.hc.A7LbysXAQ09kUcjs",md: "fIaRcwgIJ_WAgKY3caVqIqoLgTYeTzkuIezqkLBcC84-1739804211-1.2.1.1-Nemczyrt0VKvAr9UGzceVAG.ApJmEbXIaWdmk0fHLqHT6lqrONSjVczLhKj_rMz6EdHFK.vJ9UZE6q9zin0U_G0flRiWBcXheNVteU3V6_3SGx.53fDX55okRuDcAivhiTG6V88fD_NW1QMGShKQ2DpcH8I9RGkgH3lM.bsMKsVlsPZPyqN0F.dZL_jrhLGn.2WNcMRcOpE8HBhTWfEfZMN1l49ywl_Ida4bt2OzQla03cCyuty1Tt.pZOmxxj6dQCzqdkOzOWbDXnObC.4K6Q_H4yVdHr82nb5f2tKCIVn8ro6k2bsbU.LaUtZB1XFpwV0RLEuM4e3oUjA92GxgzsMnzqZXWCYVgLvL2pxTKCsbBj4jVYXURd.W3Cw8yWmR3SMZnDcXWEM1IFlb.XUnscDNAM138XdHLrUHmRypZFZv0ARCT9T5vrl8w._uMemnRFVMGW6EnaOAqShJpAyc4BE6TcI9cNDWH7vtwGoQpWD_pSRvUm31pszhMmSLHIrFwDbrpMaWXFcfxqiX4gezfLCilH63Em8V9LkD7IwQ78erHugfacwf7MiCgzvaBPMK80dcoNhemPv7wLjNdNTyTyyDs8aQOpY42OdYtBgeiqJ86LRNkcfN53jscxihCOACMhm2H8djxn5GTloGPti.9aFZgIEIxk4X.6zPu92FKbTdyjwXKkDgibxCEc7E.aOebsRutppkVGz3Ocnp_gKFcAl06NBYrS4n7I06fZaWbNfZB3abbvdb3BDxC9VQ3onza4B1ylh632KpkK8w43wTfkqTlxMIgkOpe4pkCvkk34cpYBRCMNKElnFWRwASiIsc2U_S8yJHKnSzCGGmEanxTZC0UYBeP.3QZAWwSlDTFKBlIE3IuiYYkMWhicqP1Kpib8aD8VcIsIrbqEnx8LM_7aSOihWejqLCuBQLOt6N78XuAIepXmf1srQH5oROuczVqOrWO9VE6EvkzlZnfd0QNj_9xfaQVCCAABRXnPBAhuXa4NyDpiEnpRYVD5lIN56F_DEx3TPjJ8hcMlqvEZ4R3R9Qgr5rx2qOweQwuKialSSvGES8KdxC4qxbw17Yymyx6lBJVqANg5PwncLeb3I1tiOjp.vdx6pYSOsVCVFJr2qHao3mlczerdBM76jGLc8yrZ9QDJBFfnQjlnxIA93J3T9kaAU2UOHRLCY9CpZWvG3EkUb6X_TjJg7BlExIJFwmzudWaREHntaXlLDPRsYVeYmXe25OPNkJ3eIfUMTiu_HkHDmRGVdji7IKJe3WkIzBVvnCo8wJXlhRBSRvy.3U4Bi7YOsSJ4YGra2pKyMEczWN._f8ML6g17dkeySf_d3fwg0y3ouwMsrp8Z4YUnNAp0KijesstIJM.kLe5rX4lFSgE2lu4TWHUgcO7XYzrUpAdG6WyO4wOIi00N1o5hv4nddsYjCgDKWz6wA_6Nb.wyUZXg3zF5Ei4V42TGrpQ_E8BeeyyWsTyc4l178.cYwZNDUyJOytaXjjYZOloYA.yPBIqxqqfIRe_7EFgtaO.xj2tZuun9p.8Roklo9dZeSIPTX6fLHcGQt6e5EXaPzg0iH.H5F94HTIKyh8YDteV5QBeXP0i3ZFNn.v2JIJKbF.8m.xZhV8o5noxp8wXEqNyIqoEoaq_Fi9yfLyEl_tmfkafyYc_kMZTtNMCM9U11NiiFA6MfP3igUsriFycImZYwXDkAPPL8Wm2BoOu.bJn2RynrIeZPag8xjuG16aec0LjyUVYe2r5I_avGuzC9ntAnDU4DHF9ZCZX_EMF0TkQZiUmafKUXxe82r.Q.BaPmzoU.GPFMQXyBR2pBdbv06OPz6ZPPwMqjAz5Ow2FSSzxU8NfnOJ9CxO6X7bs9_5Oh8zLAHhDBaR9cOmociOxobcx29jcZiNN.It_YHe9okW6mJxJExniI_l6cqOr6vbWKWGbwVPZulWekbBBiDW802fBWzyaJQW0QTQ7i_mr8bpDPki4JhQAFBtxpEjcaIbKbRSPw",mdrd: "6bQu2MGFS75Hfye9MRb6HGVetIVuAZ7QaVM1DNvnm4o-1739804211-1.2.1.1-q4SU4XcyxM8BUTgsao7ZM4v5u8_fFgwJFjybuZLUsImQ3YydCtvbMGg3Ff2zo1.dx3Vibrd8ddq.ho9ntAYHiocY4QIiBML0e355zqSLKNSpgUqDy8PhShXOUs.CbmtT8RcKv4TC__IxQp6bW1DVnn6AJg3gcpNXfC1HOFOR6Bsnu4qgQtBvTi2pt5qte._yCPDgoB8qG5Jgnj3pIr3aomRgWugSif40FqQmJWp4u2S1qk7ad288Sv4It4GEBe0kyFdOeC2xhSKltVH5ivBXx8LtebeAbRrOE4.au3PIGZoyTzwoab8jLLUADwQjr7L.caqwZJ_nw6YF6oCLZaZwMlo2dHZZhEuLdssF4UgtYYJ4yz0Sqq03qfOQm_9YdJ2jRwm2vhN_j5Ea_J0Rj0Z2uJ6w1t3iqxl.XALH5_SrccdyfNUMymBnLPvuA3NptKUv8XA60K.LgEM4eO9XVBJr1tZJ8Q4G9BFzn0B9siP_Wr8IK7Xy8LD7lX13a0wu6y5Cy67Zo.HzECHVw7iis5TS4ldw1z1ltGec.U4QrF567bd1cAB03Z66LBmxgOdsTJNRlsKr1bYQ5oTdAN.Jftvzd_QgDWsAo30pcz1hukCnqRC4GI87j5QTqurZPyno8NRc5Xdpt9tVmQ7ZTR3_QwekZcp8rOX24v6q7KAZaxhk3xDAiHnl.KPNxEeOSIRwiyxoqD9a602Nj.Be6C_NBqDePkIj6unTet7CSBJRHg.l5Kbt0jK.m3BFw6s.5e8qyLA8arC1yQS_hYoU34LF8es26arUDF2xKOlshRS7GU7O_MUYPJMr6UAROk5tbl8YeBFyBwTOB6POYuKTxWninZOatpmqNzxYzFzr2UjQ1mJ4skYlBoh6qv.UUm8A76JfxFPXL9BruAY2SF2..zfHLWyb4rap5Hxq5e3z1BctJoySBTSRI7r0SpCg4W7rpapMXFE9otICiObcjXmTIx8US4RtvEdpC_GjZzB86W_FStM0KmAXiU67Djt8wpfArTrEeqUGNloZK2AwXOCLUWskk7K8xOkdBwKgOUNgdlGcUJirwedWCb.03puMleEUmYftbZb0D7oBOWI9iaP4Uxoz2QTyCaki7C.zt4Ph_EnejdY_aa.zXwqA8HYa3UdA63i5KQL7g_.ZPI0vcUO_F9vWNahe6A2iPq0emFAiAYLcnLTGEOP.x0V.jYqZRJonqvzqJW3rrfJ1UD3ygr.gVGTtHQQYA1kcW8sOyBYfG81Jzj6EXlAqhXFGbjRJw.3mNzVnQZl5M1DJt.Sc2LPD_jKSjkE9FfRpLO1X_AP2SVjruHT4GYEJ_LlWxK7LL8Arv.Yq_Ay4P9nYvvBy2vwJ4rPL6VnFU_7VNcICzbOj6cfxp7SJWwTLDDfT2hAOpzNyWh1T725Pzc47WwWCk215MWv..qSOiKXHwcNxa389ewbeRcNCDnzAso8W_9.KstyXue0_4Lfa_x0bMeqGtLguQvB_x0cZ4wpERSiDtXxZWSfprLR9iNZcv.BgnHq8titE8seDWllB5GbtzOXq3Vy9qbqojpTTaNHbTFqFAm1pJcrLIhAHxmiPu6euUeUP5o1kZsuDocGNznxifvV7OvX_Qr7CUHAP5SL9LnzdhBrcITUhx7_9ZpEghAdkZ5VDiE5A.BfG4jsedX.nekhE.lbssqM6ifUVrHZKaSv.27lipGX5YS43c8ln2..aKIa1PtP0PHPOce3ItYa3u75zZ2r3wxecDrmryHqmDbYyKhnM6AQ_F6aHsfH7yG3DkCyLY3SKzg2UUcDru8rEyKT.tZnmfcvS5Ad4ogVqryTJojVKqsicAjdFiXq3pDCcs6v1gNLV4q2T9YCf6xmh86r1EKFOjLWPQ91pEaE8LwoHB66xpAAOr2KIAIi53QC395fCYQOGkg03_1dioYRFH64fECG9Dsk.r8PN4XU_lb3m3NTK0YJt9zR0iw5ZzHYTmjgVf8octRkcDhpL"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136a0638dd8ce82';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=liquid%20filled%20containers&page=92&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ll0u69cDYOMcQWYDP_rt5t8_cVQa_CivQAEwSF9_TR8-1739804211-1.0.1.1-cQXkzKsbJcls1KaVB9pHF5S.hc.A7LbysXAQ09kUcjs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>