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class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Elizabeth Simpson" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/40283/13292/52741517/s200_elizabeth.simpson.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Elizabeth Simpson</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://miami.academia.edu/">University of Miami</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://miami.academia.edu/Departments/Psychology/Documents">Psychology</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Associate Professor</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" 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However, because most eye-tracking systems were designed for use in human adults, the accuracy of eye-tracking data collected in other populations is unclear, as are potential approaches to minimize measurement error. For instance, data quality may differ across species or ages, which are necessary considerations for comparative and developmental studies. Here we examined how the calibration method and adjustments to areas of interest (AOIs) of the Tobii TX300 changed the mapping of fixations to AOIs in a cross-species longitudinal study. We tested humans (N = 119) at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 14 months of age and macaques (Macaca mulatta; N = 21) at 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 6 months of age. In all groups, we found improvement in the proportion of AOI hits detected as the number of successful calibration points increased, suggesting calibration approaches with more points may be advantageous. Spatially enlarging and temporally prolonging AOIs increased the number of fixation-AOI mappings, suggesting improvements in capturing infants' gaze behaviors; however, these benefits varied across age groups and species, suggesting different parameters may be ideal, depending on the population studied. In sum, to maximize usable sessions and minimize measurement error, eye-tracking data collection and extraction approaches may need adjustments for the age groups and species studied. Doing so may make it easier to standardize and replicate eye-tracking research findings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c51be7e55239d202c3b5b70f5929aa5b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":97568518,"asset_id":95365947,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97568518/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="95365947"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="95365947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95365947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95365947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95365947]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95365947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='95365947']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 95365947, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c51be7e55239d202c3b5b70f5929aa5b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=95365947]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":95365947,"title":"Maximizing valid eye-tracking data in human and macaque infants by optimizing calibration and adjusting areas of interest","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.3758/s13428-022-02056-3","abstract":"Remote eye tracking with automated corneal reflection provides insights into the emergence and development of cognitive, social, and emotional functions in human infants and non-human primates. 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Spatially enlarging and temporally prolonging AOIs increased the number of fixation-AOI mappings, suggesting improvements in capturing infants' gaze behaviors; however, these benefits varied across age groups and species, suggesting different parameters may be ideal, depending on the population studied. In sum, to maximize usable sessions and minimize measurement error, eye-tracking data collection and extraction approaches may need adjustments for the age groups and species studied. Doing so may make it easier to standardize and replicate eye-tracking research findings.","ai_title_tag":"Optimizing Eye-Tracking Accuracy in Infants and Macaques","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Behavior Research Methods"},"translated_abstract":"Remote eye tracking with automated corneal reflection provides insights into the emergence and development of cognitive, social, and emotional functions in human infants and non-human primates. However, because most eye-tracking systems were designed for use in human adults, the accuracy of eye-tracking data collected in other populations is unclear, as are potential approaches to minimize measurement error. For instance, data quality may differ across species or ages, which are necessary considerations for comparative and developmental studies. Here we examined how the calibration method and adjustments to areas of interest (AOIs) of the Tobii TX300 changed the mapping of fixations to AOIs in a cross-species longitudinal study. We tested humans (N = 119) at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 14 months of age and macaques (Macaca mulatta; N = 21) at 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 6 months of age. In all groups, we found improvement in the proportion of AOI hits detected as the number of successful calibration points increased, suggesting calibration approaches with more points may be advantageous. Spatially enlarging and temporally prolonging AOIs increased the number of fixation-AOI mappings, suggesting improvements in capturing infants' gaze behaviors; however, these benefits varied across age groups and species, suggesting different parameters may be ideal, depending on the population studied. In sum, to maximize usable sessions and minimize measurement error, eye-tracking data collection and extraction approaches may need adjustments for the age groups and species studied. Doing so may make it easier to standardize and replicate eye-tracking research findings.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95365947/Maximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_human_and_macaque_infants_by_optimizing_calibration_and_adjusting_areas_of_interest","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-01-20T07:28:51.302-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":97568518,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97568518/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Zeng_et_al_2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97568518/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Maximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_hu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97568518/Zeng_et_al_2023-libre.pdf?1674230165=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMaximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_hu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986439\u0026Signature=DuufQhGbq-yFDxc3xQg4-NOjJj~QIDIlmV9cWBdMYhyQzki24q9YD~rISgAkUoTjVUm83Z6ZaYlyzR4-rkGW088zutCPi8mJ9fpd86WqCsUs7slDtw5xIxxQ2bDGvSupihqaBJ-bl7-KkEF0JRXEQMEK7Ji~rDraeu5mcf5JQCm6sTj28HfiS8XIDEoEg-8WspPKhk37k7MRJBqMpVy2eHreZSTsAzrUB9IB~CoV4uTt~QT51GyXMnOttbtT6wPIFjvW1XmT1sa22oEIkY6PD-bA5lILyHAtndyyLdiIXRco0eCo9YWfme04As5qwIkM~NTKKFqiDDPx6sEg6A0jXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Maximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_human_and_macaque_infants_by_optimizing_calibration_and_adjusting_areas_of_interest","translated_slug":"","page_count":27,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":97568518,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97568518/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Zeng_et_al_2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97568518/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Maximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_hu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97568518/Zeng_et_al_2023-libre.pdf?1674230165=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMaximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_hu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=bcica0gX2yRR4cMi5q24juJsMOe9Maz8Xl5Vkhc1iUp8gV676qNKpVrMlO~U3IFK~UFISLx2Twym0Rcru2cPIt0KVG2BOgy-OoLH7F0N5sTuednTAtmF3zzDEaHBPBoZ3J4mrR~XuMXKHIvuM-VzmX4t5ql~D54xyXw7qLtywrat2NyxLQcGItwLqaPpiygY63AmlwN8-V7KoVE6ZkfP56xZqiE8zH5bBd7awRhwdphg0dC4xvLs1ulgdWtTuQdlIy~NdeOjBmUJxq0gVvLF6qlwBF4HJ7ome70xwzO-MFSDUXpeKAMQxhGKWN8HvpOKIE7M~X9~4nVckLHVWOpfAg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":8988,"name":"Instrumentation and Measurement Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instrumentation_and_Measurement_Science"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":32011,"name":"Comparative psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates"},{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision"},{"id":172707,"name":"Attentional Orienting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Orienting"},{"id":442068,"name":"Developmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Science"},{"id":976383,"name":"Eye and Gaze Tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_and_Gaze_Tracking"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44426300"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44426300/Prolonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in_Universal_Hearing_Screening_of_Newborns_with_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64842533/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44426300/Prolonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in_Universal_Hearing_Screening_of_Newborns_with_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder">Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Autism Research</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its promise as a biomarker, it is unclear whether healthy newborns who later develop ASD also show ABR abnormalities. In the current study, we extracted ABR data on 139,154 newborns from their Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, including 321 newborns who were later diagnosed with ASD. We found that the ASD newborns had significant prolongations of their ABR phase and V-negative latency compared with the non-ASD newborns. Newborns in the ASD group also exhibited greater variance in their latencies compared to previous studies in older ASD samples, likely due in part to the low intensity of the ABR stimulus. These findings suggest that newborns display neurophysiologi-cal variation associated with ASD at birth. Future studies with higher-intensity stimulus ABRs may allow more accurate predictions of ASD risk, which could augment the universal ABR test that currently screens millions of newborns worldwide. Autism Res 2020, 00: 1-7. Lay Summary: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have slow brain responses to sounds. We examined these brain responses from newborns' hearing tests and found that newborns who were later diagnosed with autism also had slower brain responses to sounds. Future studies might use these findings to better predict autism risk, with a hearing test that is already used on millions of newborns worldwide.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="69c203c7e548d318c912fd306309bd74" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64842533,"asset_id":44426300,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64842533/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44426300"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44426300"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44426300; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44426300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44426300]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44426300; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44426300']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44426300, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "69c203c7e548d318c912fd306309bd74" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44426300]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44426300,"title":"Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1002/aur.2422","abstract":"Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its promise as a biomarker, it is unclear whether healthy newborns who later develop ASD also show ABR abnormalities. In the current study, we extracted ABR data on 139,154 newborns from their Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, including 321 newborns who were later diagnosed with ASD. We found that the ASD newborns had significant prolongations of their ABR phase and V-negative latency compared with the non-ASD newborns. Newborns in the ASD group also exhibited greater variance in their latencies compared to previous studies in older ASD samples, likely due in part to the low intensity of the ABR stimulus. These findings suggest that newborns display neurophysiologi-cal variation associated with ASD at birth. Future studies with higher-intensity stimulus ABRs may allow more accurate predictions of ASD risk, which could augment the universal ABR test that currently screens millions of newborns worldwide. Autism Res 2020, 00: 1-7. Lay Summary: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have slow brain responses to sounds. We examined these brain responses from newborns' hearing tests and found that newborns who were later diagnosed with autism also had slower brain responses to sounds. Future studies might use these findings to better predict autism risk, with a hearing test that is already used on millions of newborns worldwide.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Autism Research"},"translated_abstract":"Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its promise as a biomarker, it is unclear whether healthy newborns who later develop ASD also show ABR abnormalities. In the current study, we extracted ABR data on 139,154 newborns from their Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, including 321 newborns who were later diagnosed with ASD. We found that the ASD newborns had significant prolongations of their ABR phase and V-negative latency compared with the non-ASD newborns. Newborns in the ASD group also exhibited greater variance in their latencies compared to previous studies in older ASD samples, likely due in part to the low intensity of the ABR stimulus. These findings suggest that newborns display neurophysiologi-cal variation associated with ASD at birth. Future studies with higher-intensity stimulus ABRs may allow more accurate predictions of ASD risk, which could augment the universal ABR test that currently screens millions of newborns worldwide. Autism Res 2020, 00: 1-7. Lay Summary: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have slow brain responses to sounds. We examined these brain responses from newborns' hearing tests and found that newborns who were later diagnosed with autism also had slower brain responses to sounds. Future studies might use these findings to better predict autism risk, with a hearing test that is already used on millions of newborns worldwide.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44426300/Prolonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in_Universal_Hearing_Screening_of_Newborns_with_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-11-03T05:48:04.892-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64842533,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64842533/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Miron_et_al_in_press.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64842533/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Prolonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64842533/Miron_et_al_in_press-libre.pdf?1604416338=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DProlonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=GKklXhuYXxeHa16e746XWZSA3rBGDEluSIMnuKid0WeZJwoA3tRvyBv16RI55evYivtFoNR3n6RTFL4IS~8vqbaCh3YfZ8IQ1WdJcptAYvCKXQsR9HUtdjBTzMfIR2aMFaeefK09XFiE5K9HceK6UDH63zKhPw4YlRaHjS-Red1Uy0pyMPrV6f6IGCxRBag~xoRXtdICxa5MI5Yd8bgosxdUHaUXAy-nvBmI-Xo4hY5Q1Psc4Tc1tPAnu4gyK48Sbp2QdmI7juNllP-dY3Qt4FOm9o1FeSUBKKUYF-BqFLOR~Eh5zBxGwmhO1rHVVj6st~h5TYirMu1eKRHSAz2EAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Prolonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in_Universal_Hearing_Screening_of_Newborns_with_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth 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Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism_and_Language"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain"},{"id":99188,"name":"Neonatal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal"},{"id":99422,"name":"Brainstem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brainstem"},{"id":122202,"name":"Newborn Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Health"},{"id":137145,"name":"Developmental disabilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_disabilities"},{"id":180319,"name":"Intellectual \u0026 Developmental Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_and_Developmental_Disabilities_and_Autism_Spectrum_Disorders"},{"id":249465,"name":"Prenatal screening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenatal_screening"},{"id":287537,"name":"Newborn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn"},{"id":300557,"name":"Sound Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sound_Processing"},{"id":766434,"name":"Auditory Brainstem Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Auditory_Brainstem_Response"},{"id":898820,"name":"Early Detection of Autism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Detection_of_Autism"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255120"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255120/Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_reproducibility_and_new_insights_in_primate_cognition_research_ManyPrimates"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Collaborative open science as a way to reproducibility and new insights in primate cognition research ManyPrimates" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64629007/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255120/Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_reproducibility_and_new_insights_in_primate_cognition_research_ManyPrimates">Collaborative open science as a way to reproducibility and new insights in primate cognition research ManyPrimates</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Japanese Psychological Review</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The field of primate cognition studies how primates, including humans, perceive, process, store, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The field of primate cognition studies how primates, including humans, perceive, process, store, retrieve, and use information to guide decision making and other behavior. Much of this research is motivated by a desire to understand how these abilities evolved. Large and diverse samples from a wide range of species are vital to achieving this goal. In reality, however, primate cognition research suffers from small sample sizes and is often limited to a handful of species, which constrains the evolutionary inferences we can draw. We conducted a systematic review of primate cognition research published between 2014 and 2019 to quantify the extent of this problem. Across 574 studies, the median sample size was 7 individuals. Less than 15% of primate species were studied at all, and only 19% of studies included more than one species. Further, the species that were studied varied widely in how much research attention they received, partly because a small number of test sites contributed most of the studies. These results suggest that the generalizability of primate cognition studies may be severely limited. Publication bias, questionable research practices, and a lack of replication attempts may exacerbate these problems. We describe the ManyPrimates project as one approach to overcoming some of these issues by establishing an infrastructure for large-scale collaboration in primate cognition research. Building on similar initiatives in other areas of psychology, this approach has already yielded one of the largest and most diverse primate samples to date and enables us to ask many research questions that can only be addressed through collaboration.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f378a798ffd67d067987a3f48ef5d520" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64629007,"asset_id":44255120,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64629007/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255120"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255120"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255120; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255120]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255120]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255120; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44255120']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44255120, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f378a798ffd67d067987a3f48ef5d520" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44255120]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44255120,"title":"Collaborative open science as a way to reproducibility and new insights in primate cognition research ManyPrimates","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The field of primate cognition studies how primates, including humans, perceive, process, store, retrieve, and use information to guide decision making and other behavior. Much of this research is motivated by a desire to understand how these abilities evolved. Large and diverse samples from a wide range of species are vital to achieving this goal. In reality, however, primate cognition research suffers from small sample sizes and is often limited to a handful of species, which constrains the evolutionary inferences we can draw. We conducted a systematic review of primate cognition research published between 2014 and 2019 to quantify the extent of this problem. Across 574 studies, the median sample size was 7 individuals. Less than 15% of primate species were studied at all, and only 19% of studies included more than one species. Further, the species that were studied varied widely in how much research attention they received, partly because a small number of test sites contributed most of the studies. These results suggest that the generalizability of primate cognition studies may be severely limited. Publication bias, questionable research practices, and a lack of replication attempts may exacerbate these problems. We describe the ManyPrimates project as one approach to overcoming some of these issues by establishing an infrastructure for large-scale collaboration in primate cognition research. Building on similar initiatives in other areas of psychology, this approach has already yielded one of the largest and most diverse primate samples to date and enables us to ask many research questions that can only be addressed through collaboration.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Japanese Psychological Review"},"translated_abstract":"The field of primate cognition studies how primates, including humans, perceive, process, store, retrieve, and use information to guide decision making and other behavior. Much of this research is motivated by a desire to understand how these abilities evolved. Large and diverse samples from a wide range of species are vital to achieving this goal. In reality, however, primate cognition research suffers from small sample sizes and is often limited to a handful of species, which constrains the evolutionary inferences we can draw. We conducted a systematic review of primate cognition research published between 2014 and 2019 to quantify the extent of this problem. Across 574 studies, the median sample size was 7 individuals. Less than 15% of primate species were studied at all, and only 19% of studies included more than one species. Further, the species that were studied varied widely in how much research attention they received, partly because a small number of test sites contributed most of the studies. These results suggest that the generalizability of primate cognition studies may be severely limited. Publication bias, questionable research practices, and a lack of replication attempts may exacerbate these problems. We describe the ManyPrimates project as one approach to overcoming some of these issues by establishing an infrastructure for large-scale collaboration in primate cognition research. Building on similar initiatives in other areas of psychology, this approach has already yielded one of the largest and most diverse primate samples to date and enables us to ask many research questions that can only be addressed through collaboration.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44255120/Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_reproducibility_and_new_insights_in_primate_cognition_research_ManyPrimates","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-08T08:49:49.676-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64629007,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64629007/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ManyPrimates.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64629007/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_r.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64629007/ManyPrimates.pdf?1602172179=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCollaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_r.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=UiTDxpapCqeANPyI9~RoOWjUay21lxaJJ7u8ax5jz2-8f0oiXCO7Id1zphM5T7SCJNA-Ksy-8Hl-w9RWIw8ev0Z6ID~9jSL7XzI24Vg5Vq-5DT9iMmW2LR2vgpd6wkJ2WOfMQPj6t6hBiOrBie~p7Luom54JzhMsR--OEQU~gaZI3ABRIOGAB--n6tpvHmwoCvPBvasUEJze~ns3svWlgApWFHpf2CsPtYFkAY5KXiyJVLIyu0WZSl7rB44ddH8cRnOnwCxhkSdGIRmwxZE-QDZ1JQ4tY51j0ujidNMdaN6kx4EHVLEZW2SlzoKRFrSAH6ik13JLB-aHIeHbXY9S~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_reproducibility_and_new_insights_in_primate_cognition_research_ManyPrimates","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":64629007,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64629007/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ManyPrimates.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64629007/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_r.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64629007/ManyPrimates.pdf?1602172179=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCollaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_r.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=UiTDxpapCqeANPyI9~RoOWjUay21lxaJJ7u8ax5jz2-8f0oiXCO7Id1zphM5T7SCJNA-Ksy-8Hl-w9RWIw8ev0Z6ID~9jSL7XzI24Vg5Vq-5DT9iMmW2LR2vgpd6wkJ2WOfMQPj6t6hBiOrBie~p7Luom54JzhMsR--OEQU~gaZI3ABRIOGAB--n6tpvHmwoCvPBvasUEJze~ns3svWlgApWFHpf2CsPtYFkAY5KXiyJVLIyu0WZSl7rB44ddH8cRnOnwCxhkSdGIRmwxZE-QDZ1JQ4tY51j0ujidNMdaN6kx4EHVLEZW2SlzoKRFrSAH6ik13JLB-aHIeHbXY9S~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology"},{"id":2069,"name":"Primatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primatology"},{"id":11347,"name":"Animal Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition"},{"id":32011,"name":"Comparative psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology"},{"id":68952,"name":"Primate Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Cognition"},{"id":130120,"name":"Cognitive Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Evolution"},{"id":374622,"name":"Replication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Replication"},{"id":1777631,"name":"Metascience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metascience"},{"id":2688807,"name":"sampling bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/sampling_bias"},{"id":2845911,"name":"Nonhuman Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonhuman_Primates"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255090"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255090/Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_personality_and_subjective_well_being"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) personality and subjective well-being" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628983/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255090/Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_personality_and_subjective_well_being">Infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) personality and subjective well-being</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS ONE</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Infant temperament is theorized to lay the foundation for adult personality; however, many questi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Infant temperament is theorized to lay the foundation for adult personality; however, many questions remain regarding personality in infancy, including the number of dimensions, extent to which they are adult-like, and their relation to other outcomes, such as mental and physical health. Here we tested whether adult-like personality dimensions are already present in infancy in a nonhuman primate species. We measured personality and subjective well-being in 7-month-old rhesus macaques (N = 55) using the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire and Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire, both of which were developed for adult primates based on human measures. Multiple human raters, who provided infants with daily care since birth, independently rated each infant. We found high inter-rater reliability. Results from a parallel analysis and scree plot indicated a five component structure, which, using principal components analysis, we found to be comprised of dimensions relating to Openness (e.g., curiosity, inquisitive, playfulness), Assertiveness (e.g., dominance, bullying, aggressive), Anxiety (e.g., vigilance, fearful), Friendliness (e.g., sociable, affectionate, sympathetic), and Intellect (e.g., organized, not erratic). These components are largely analogous to those in adult macaques, suggesting remarkably stable structural personality components across the lifespan. Infant macaques’ subjective well-being positively correlates with Openness and Assertiveness and negatively correlated with Anxiety, similar to findings in adult macaques and other primates. Together, these findings suggest that, in macaques, infant personality dimensions may be conceptually related to adult personality and challenge the view that infant temperament may be disorganized and not as meaningful as adult personality. Further research is necessary to explore the antecedents, predictive validity, and stability of these personality components across situations and with development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47f9705490ea6a05c32f62b3f031b211" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64628983,"asset_id":44255090,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628983/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255090"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255090"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255090; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255090]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255090; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44255090']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44255090, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "47f9705490ea6a05c32f62b3f031b211" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44255090]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44255090,"title":"Infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) personality and subjective well-being","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0226747","abstract":"Infant temperament is theorized to lay the foundation for adult personality; however, many questions remain regarding personality in infancy, including the number of dimensions, extent to which they are adult-like, and their relation to other outcomes, such as mental and physical health. Here we tested whether adult-like personality dimensions are already present in infancy in a nonhuman primate species. We measured personality and subjective well-being in 7-month-old rhesus macaques (N = 55) using the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire and Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire, both of which were developed for adult primates based on human measures. Multiple human raters, who provided infants with daily care since birth, independently rated each infant. We found high inter-rater reliability. Results from a parallel analysis and scree plot indicated a five component structure, which, using principal components analysis, we found to be comprised of dimensions relating to Openness (e.g., curiosity, inquisitive, playfulness), Assertiveness (e.g., dominance, bullying, aggressive), Anxiety (e.g., vigilance, fearful), Friendliness (e.g., sociable, affectionate, sympathetic), and Intellect (e.g., organized, not erratic). These components are largely analogous to those in adult macaques, suggesting remarkably stable structural personality components across the lifespan. Infant macaques’ subjective well-being positively correlates with Openness and Assertiveness and negatively correlated with Anxiety, similar to findings in adult macaques and other primates. Together, these findings suggest that, in macaques, infant personality dimensions may be conceptually related to adult personality and challenge the view that infant temperament may be disorganized and not as meaningful as adult personality. Further research is necessary to explore the antecedents, predictive validity, and stability of these personality components across situations and with development.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLOS ONE"},"translated_abstract":"Infant temperament is theorized to lay the foundation for adult personality; however, many questions remain regarding personality in infancy, including the number of dimensions, extent to which they are adult-like, and their relation to other outcomes, such as mental and physical health. Here we tested whether adult-like personality dimensions are already present in infancy in a nonhuman primate species. We measured personality and subjective well-being in 7-month-old rhesus macaques (N = 55) using the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire and Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire, both of which were developed for adult primates based on human measures. Multiple human raters, who provided infants with daily care since birth, independently rated each infant. We found high inter-rater reliability. Results from a parallel analysis and scree plot indicated a five component structure, which, using principal components analysis, we found to be comprised of dimensions relating to Openness (e.g., curiosity, inquisitive, playfulness), Assertiveness (e.g., dominance, bullying, aggressive), Anxiety (e.g., vigilance, fearful), Friendliness (e.g., sociable, affectionate, sympathetic), and Intellect (e.g., organized, not erratic). These components are largely analogous to those in adult macaques, suggesting remarkably stable structural personality components across the lifespan. Infant macaques’ subjective well-being positively correlates with Openness and Assertiveness and negatively correlated with Anxiety, similar to findings in adult macaques and other primates. Together, these findings suggest that, in macaques, infant personality dimensions may be conceptually related to adult personality and challenge the view that infant temperament may be disorganized and not as meaningful as adult personality. Further research is necessary to explore the antecedents, predictive validity, and stability of these personality components across situations and with development.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44255090/Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_personality_and_subjective_well_being","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-08T08:45:38.636-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64628983,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628983/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson et al, 2019 - Infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) personality and subjective well-being.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628983/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_per.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628983/Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Infant_rhesus_macaque_%28Macaca_mulatta%29_personality_and_subjective_well-being-libre.pdf?1602176743=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInfant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_per.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=M61lk~6DVE3TaDmk~GNNFKARe3Zj0UMVP1Bbg8oMzJKji8-5XSnvvWimi~Yq0bqFumM5w22sSi7Go4d9qccdlz1sS3-8iN7RaJSBPsUpnlcLJupOp8qgaxAkLtAZgQd~n6lRRZgFQTWC1J6sIQKO26iqz03wTaNENKHrZXovoSm~awS2veBziMtdBGPSVPHryvB4UFAW5yXVPDaIjKIHYe05Plk1MTpVHhAxjTp6k85jeBLXbPXS7NtT5CwKCZXqUUpcDXuO93lfUTCpxGC2qv1o~nNdkwxbDpKZpZeFckByAacgspAO6yXcc~qpnPTFQJtTNzf1bp~QRdpnB9w7xw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_personality_and_subjective_well_being","translated_slug":"","page_count":1,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":64628983,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628983/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson et al, 2019 - Infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) personality and subjective well-being.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628983/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_per.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628983/Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Infant_rhesus_macaque_%28Macaca_mulatta%29_personality_and_subjective_well-being-libre.pdf?1602176743=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInfant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_per.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=M61lk~6DVE3TaDmk~GNNFKARe3Zj0UMVP1Bbg8oMzJKji8-5XSnvvWimi~Yq0bqFumM5w22sSi7Go4d9qccdlz1sS3-8iN7RaJSBPsUpnlcLJupOp8qgaxAkLtAZgQd~n6lRRZgFQTWC1J6sIQKO26iqz03wTaNENKHrZXovoSm~awS2veBziMtdBGPSVPHryvB4UFAW5yXVPDaIjKIHYe05Plk1MTpVHhAxjTp6k85jeBLXbPXS7NtT5CwKCZXqUUpcDXuO93lfUTCpxGC2qv1o~nNdkwxbDpKZpZeFckByAacgspAO6yXcc~qpnPTFQJtTNzf1bp~QRdpnB9w7xw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality"},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior"},{"id":9964,"name":"Well-Being","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Well-Being"},{"id":12204,"name":"Animal Welfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Welfare"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":30048,"name":"Individual Differences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individual_Differences"},{"id":32011,"name":"Comparative psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology"},{"id":36621,"name":"Happiness and Well Being","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Happiness_and_Well_Being"},{"id":102086,"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_and_Individual_Differences"},{"id":134348,"name":"Temperament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperament"},{"id":365459,"name":"Macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaques"},{"id":1770729,"name":"Nonhuman Primate Animal Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonhuman_Primate_Animal_Models"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255070"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255070/Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Face detection in 2-to 6-month-old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628960/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255070/Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species">Face detection in 2-to 6-month-old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Science</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to ident...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2e88e39d41264210702c6b6e03fd9c67" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64628960,"asset_id":44255070,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628960/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255070"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255070"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255070; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255070]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255070]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255070; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44255070']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44255070, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2e88e39d41264210702c6b6e03fd9c67" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44255070]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44255070,"title":"Face detection in 2-to 6-month-old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/desc.12902","abstract":"Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.","ai_title_tag":"Influence of Gaze Direction and Species on Infant Face Detection","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Science"},"translated_abstract":"Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44255070/Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-08T08:40:19.868-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64628960,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628960/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson et al, 2020 - Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628960/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infan.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628960/Simpson_et_al__2020_-_Face_detection_in_2%E2%80%90_to_6%E2%80%90month%E2%80%90old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species-libre.pdf?1602176749=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFace_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infan.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=OnAS2Hw-VxOlfPn2RtwkZR6DOamOOQf7OPSALwYAKJMJY4xkj7vapVKbWues4A9RdTJWrnvZWiIDUnhalUucMTSb18PSQ2TnnxmyK9UNPNa3~Knr-RRWXh1pGAa-YKgjSAK-arNgsKgXAhOQPgcvyTiswhZ2G-sOPx1R6980ZwZjb7q1UOHrhMQSyEQqTZcKwp1yaVKmPEfeH8zGJf0~umrP7AkemZ4uHFEKWjvgPa44mGyR0q1AmiTYEtrBwScLE4LQJ0YQNvduPt69PVXW0FMdDGRMJdyNhG~OkDn-5b81lMkaHFA~mftiDUlXY552I9DX5juLBjigJpnPRGjCQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":64628960,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628960/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson et al, 2020 - Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628960/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infan.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628960/Simpson_et_al__2020_-_Face_detection_in_2%E2%80%90_to_6%E2%80%90month%E2%80%90old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species-libre.pdf?1602176749=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFace_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infan.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=OnAS2Hw-VxOlfPn2RtwkZR6DOamOOQf7OPSALwYAKJMJY4xkj7vapVKbWues4A9RdTJWrnvZWiIDUnhalUucMTSb18PSQ2TnnxmyK9UNPNa3~Knr-RRWXh1pGAa-YKgjSAK-arNgsKgXAhOQPgcvyTiswhZ2G-sOPx1R6980ZwZjb7q1UOHrhMQSyEQqTZcKwp1yaVKmPEfeH8zGJf0~umrP7AkemZ4uHFEKWjvgPa44mGyR0q1AmiTYEtrBwScLE4LQJ0YQNvduPt69PVXW0FMdDGRMJdyNhG~OkDn-5b81lMkaHFA~mftiDUlXY552I9DX5juLBjigJpnPRGjCQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":17081,"name":"Attentional Capture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Capture"},{"id":23859,"name":"Joint attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Joint_attention"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":43971,"name":"Face Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_Detection"},{"id":51533,"name":"Visual Search","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Search"},{"id":60311,"name":"Sociality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociality"},{"id":100928,"name":"Face processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_processing"},{"id":318994,"name":"Eye Contact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Contact"},{"id":442068,"name":"Developmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Science"},{"id":628583,"name":"Social Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Behavior-1"},{"id":976383,"name":"Eye and Gaze Tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_and_Gaze_Tracking"},{"id":1986474,"name":"Own Species Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Own_Species_Bias"},{"id":3210775,"name":"Social Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Attention"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255037"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255037/Quantifying_Sources_of_Variability_in_Infancy_Research_Using_the_Infant_Directed_Speech_Preference"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628921/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255037/Quantifying_Sources_of_Variability_in_Infancy_Research_Using_the_Infant_Directed_Speech_Preference">Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. Addressing these concerns, we report on a large-scale, multisite study aimed at (a) assessing the overall replicability of a single theoretically important phenomenon and (b) examining methodological, cultural, and developmental moderators. We focus on infants’ preference for infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS). Stimuli of mothers speaking to their infants and to an adult in North American English were created using semi-naturalistic laboratory-based audio recordings. Infants’ relative preference for IDS and ADS was assessed across 67 laboratories in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia using the three common methods for measuring infants’ discrimination (head-turn preference, central fixation, and eye tracking). The overall meta-analytic effect size (Cohen’s d) was 0.35, 95% confidence interval = [0.29, 0.42], which was reliably above zero but smaller than the meta-analytic mean computed from previous literature (0.67). The IDS preference was significantly stronger in older children, in those children for whom the stimuli matched their native language and dialect, and in data from labs using the head-turn preference procedure. Together, these findings replicate the IDS preference but suggest that its magnitude is modulated by development, native-language experience, and testing procedure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a5f08c883591a2c807b582e5a7cc6951" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64628921,"asset_id":44255037,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628921/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255037"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255037"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255037; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255037]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255037]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255037; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44255037']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44255037, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a5f08c883591a2c807b582e5a7cc6951" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44255037]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44255037,"title":"Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/2515245919900809","abstract":"Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. 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The IDS preference was significantly stronger in older children, in those children for whom the stimuli matched their native language and dialect, and in data from labs using the head-turn preference procedure. Together, these findings replicate the IDS preference but suggest that its magnitude is modulated by development, native-language experience, and testing procedure.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science"},"translated_abstract":"Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255017"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255017/Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628903/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255017/Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli">Human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Psychobiology</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present study explored behavioral norms for infant social attention in typically developing h...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present study explored behavioral norms for infant social attention in typically developing human and nonhuman primate infants. We examined the normative development of attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli longitudinally in macaques (Macaca mulatta) at 1, 3, and 5 months of age (N = 75) and humans at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 13 months of age (N = 69) using eye tracking. All infants viewed concurrently played silent videos—one social video and one nonsocial video. Both macaque and human infants were faster to look to the social than the nonsocial stimulus, and both species grew faster to orient to the social stimulus with age. Further, macaque infants’ social attention increased linearly from 1 to 5 months. In contrast, human infants displayed a nonlinear pattern of social interest, with initially greater attention to the social stimulus, followed by a period of greater interest in the nonsocial stimulus, and then a rise in social interest from 6 to 13 months. Overall, human infants looked longer than macaque infants, suggesting humans have more sustained attention in the first year of life. These findings highlight potential species similarities and differences, and reflect a first step in establishing baseline patterns of early social attention development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c5edd18cccc57213ab71b3bf4cd8ae21" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64628903,"asset_id":44255017,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628903/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255017"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255017"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255017; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255017]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255017; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44255017']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44255017, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c5edd18cccc57213ab71b3bf4cd8ae21" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44255017]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44255017,"title":"Human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1002/dev.21979","abstract":"The present study explored behavioral norms for infant social attention in typically developing human and nonhuman primate infants. We examined the normative development of attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli longitudinally in macaques (Macaca mulatta) at 1, 3, and 5 months of age (N = 75) and humans at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 13 months of age (N = 69) using eye tracking. All infants viewed concurrently played silent videos—one social video and one nonsocial video. Both macaque and human infants were faster to look to the social than the nonsocial stimulus, and both species grew faster to orient to the social stimulus with age. Further, macaque infants’ social attention increased linearly from 1 to 5 months. In contrast, human infants displayed a nonlinear pattern of social interest, with initially greater attention to the social stimulus, followed by a period of greater interest in the nonsocial stimulus, and then a rise in social interest from 6 to 13 months. Overall, human infants looked longer than macaque infants, suggesting humans have more sustained attention in the first year of life. These findings highlight potential species similarities and differences, and reflect a first step in establishing baseline patterns of early social attention development.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Psychobiology"},"translated_abstract":"The present study explored behavioral norms for infant social attention in typically developing human and nonhuman primate infants. We examined the normative development of attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli longitudinally in macaques (Macaca mulatta) at 1, 3, and 5 months of age (N = 75) and humans at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 13 months of age (N = 69) using eye tracking. All infants viewed concurrently played silent videos—one social video and one nonsocial video. Both macaque and human infants were faster to look to the social than the nonsocial stimulus, and both species grew faster to orient to the social stimulus with age. Further, macaque infants’ social attention increased linearly from 1 to 5 months. In contrast, human infants displayed a nonlinear pattern of social interest, with initially greater attention to the social stimulus, followed by a period of greater interest in the nonsocial stimulus, and then a rise in social interest from 6 to 13 months. Overall, human infants looked longer than macaque infants, suggesting humans have more sustained attention in the first year of life. These findings highlight potential species similarities and differences, and reflect a first step in establishing baseline patterns of early social attention development.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44255017/Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-08T08:31:14.106-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64628903,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628903/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Maylott et al, 2020 - Human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628903/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dyn.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628903/Maylott_et_al__2020_-_Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli-libre.pdf?1602171615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHuman_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dyn.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=CXRvfI1EqxXO8t4gDh~TTlms9DSxNkxtaDPU5QcTtLRlhdIeQsTB45MOxIc7Ggpzv484eJss22Q-Xv9d4QHRMaXMqOM~kgi21YniIdKdkWq6lLCRhFBvvUJJgktcb2XQIr4Lk1kNyMauk7wdJ0Q4TAvGBd5-owi2Dc1mtYXps4okzae43NOnpvSY-zL~LSy4zvgCCKQAEbNw3y8VsN0dW0HpeArjAoFatgem-K92mjAY-JTCVmpRfMqwQToxORAyaH0XSCyX3dPrwH2K-cDOtY~Y5wUcWWEiMmwolmnr1l~5nltIgEMzGy4pcSwxCsbTBGD63JyOfsIV0~7bRA7Lpg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":64628903,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628903/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Maylott et al, 2020 - Human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628903/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dyn.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628903/Maylott_et_al__2020_-_Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli-libre.pdf?1602171615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHuman_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dyn.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=CXRvfI1EqxXO8t4gDh~TTlms9DSxNkxtaDPU5QcTtLRlhdIeQsTB45MOxIc7Ggpzv484eJss22Q-Xv9d4QHRMaXMqOM~kgi21YniIdKdkWq6lLCRhFBvvUJJgktcb2XQIr4Lk1kNyMauk7wdJ0Q4TAvGBd5-owi2Dc1mtYXps4okzae43NOnpvSY-zL~LSy4zvgCCKQAEbNw3y8VsN0dW0HpeArjAoFatgem-K92mjAY-JTCVmpRfMqwQToxORAyaH0XSCyX3dPrwH2K-cDOtY~Y5wUcWWEiMmwolmnr1l~5nltIgEMzGy4pcSwxCsbTBGD63JyOfsIV0~7bRA7Lpg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":4626,"name":"Social Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognition"},{"id":13886,"name":"Longitudinal Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Research"},{"id":28499,"name":"Face perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_perception"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":32011,"name":"Comparative psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology"},{"id":100928,"name":"Face processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_processing"},{"id":267538,"name":"Social Interest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interest"},{"id":365459,"name":"Macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaques"},{"id":1770729,"name":"Nonhuman Primate Animal Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonhuman_Primate_Animal_Models"},{"id":3210775,"name":"Social Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Attention"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44254933"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44254933/General_and_own_species_attentional_face_biases"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of General and own-species attentional face biases" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628769/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44254933/General_and_own_species_attentional_face_biases">General and own-species attentional face biases</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Humans demonstrate enhanced processing of human faces compared with animal faces, known as own-sp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humans demonstrate enhanced processing of human faces compared with animal faces, known as own-species bias. This bias is important for identifying people who may cause harm, as well as for recognizing friends and kin. However, growing evidence also indicates a more general face bias. Faces have high evolutionary importance beyond conspecific interactions, as they aid in detecting predators and prey. Few studies have explored the interaction of these biases together. In three experiments, we explored processing of human and animal faces, compared with each other and to nonface objects, which allowed us to examine both own-species and broader face biases. We used a dot-probe paradigm to examine human adults’ covert attentional biases for task-irrelevant human faces, animal faces, and objects.We replicated the own-species attentional bias for human faces relative to animal faces. We also found an attentional bias for animal faces relative to objects, consistent with the proposal that faces broadly receive privileged processing. Our findings suggest that humans may be attracted to a broad class of faces. Further, we found that while participants rapidly attended to human faces across all cue display durations, they attended to animal faces only when they had sufficient time to process them. Our findings reveal that the dot-probe paradigm is sensitive for capturing both own-species and more general face biases, and that each has a different attentional signature, possibly reflecting their unique but overlapping evolutionary importance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8882e2fc0a93f581cf0ef3c837227ffa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64628769,"asset_id":44254933,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44254933"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44254933"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44254933; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44254933]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44254933]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44254933; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44254933']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44254933, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8882e2fc0a93f581cf0ef3c837227ffa" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44254933]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44254933,"title":"General and own-species attentional face biases","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.3758/s13414-020-02132-w","abstract":"Humans demonstrate enhanced processing of human faces compared with animal faces, known as own-species bias. This bias is important for identifying people who may cause harm, as well as for recognizing friends and kin. However, growing evidence also indicates a more general face bias. Faces have high evolutionary importance beyond conspecific interactions, as they aid in detecting predators and prey. Few studies have explored the interaction of these biases together. In three experiments, we explored processing of human and animal faces, compared with each other and to nonface objects, which allowed us to examine both own-species and broader face biases. We used a dot-probe paradigm to examine human adults’ covert attentional biases for task-irrelevant human faces, animal faces, and objects.We replicated the own-species attentional bias for human faces relative to animal faces. We also found an attentional bias for animal faces relative to objects, consistent with the proposal that faces broadly receive privileged processing. Our findings suggest that humans may be attracted to a broad class of faces. Further, we found that while participants rapidly attended to human faces across all cue display durations, they attended to animal faces only when they had sufficient time to process them. Our findings reveal that the dot-probe paradigm is sensitive for capturing both own-species and more general face biases, and that each has a different attentional signature, possibly reflecting their unique but overlapping evolutionary importance.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Attention, Perception, \u0026 Psychophysics"},"translated_abstract":"Humans demonstrate enhanced processing of human faces compared with animal faces, known as own-species bias. This bias is important for identifying people who may cause harm, as well as for recognizing friends and kin. However, growing evidence also indicates a more general face bias. Faces have high evolutionary importance beyond conspecific interactions, as they aid in detecting predators and prey. Few studies have explored the interaction of these biases together. In three experiments, we explored processing of human and animal faces, compared with each other and to nonface objects, which allowed us to examine both own-species and broader face biases. We used a dot-probe paradigm to examine human adults’ covert attentional biases for task-irrelevant human faces, animal faces, and objects.We replicated the own-species attentional bias for human faces relative to animal faces. We also found an attentional bias for animal faces relative to objects, consistent with the proposal that faces broadly receive privileged processing. Our findings suggest that humans may be attracted to a broad class of faces. Further, we found that while participants rapidly attended to human faces across all cue display durations, they attended to animal faces only when they had sufficient time to process them. Our findings reveal that the dot-probe paradigm is sensitive for capturing both own-species and more general face biases, and that each has a different attentional signature, possibly reflecting their unique but overlapping evolutionary importance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44254933/General_and_own_species_attentional_face_biases","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-08T08:18:53.590-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64628769,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628769/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Jakobsen et al, 2020 - General and own-species attentional face biases.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"General_and_own_species_attentional_face.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628769/Jakobsen_et_al__2020_-_General_and_own-species_attentional_face_biases-libre.pdf?1602171615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGeneral_and_own_species_attentional_face.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=SzIOWM-n-tEtHmXx1fGtuFf2yIaiE6WiRFhxHln91jPp9gfwEYKDlqu9ZbCpKpdOV5~UrBbFRSp1D2U~QyOcxEWwW8GLo9gwmuEumiUgvEm39xfRU2qC0TJyik2HrgFSAjpPeHZUIGc7NQrNXwwfVapXsykLUE4sAB04~tdP2zRpyFDJ8CnvGgj5RSM0e3x84LGqkqPi27PTi323HDlZtOLMRgLtuiUEQkw762sJYuB0tvhVUV6IG431EYH-lYYlEs0R6B8jn3RGD6C60Q5Nk1BV2tu7q-km3hPcrDYmC1aev1061kVwJbFJzDcshcfznrz9R~7VHbDSp6lczXpKcQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"General_and_own_species_attentional_face_biases","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":64628769,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628769/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Jakobsen et al, 2020 - General and own-species attentional face biases.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"General_and_own_species_attentional_face.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628769/Jakobsen_et_al__2020_-_General_and_own-species_attentional_face_biases-libre.pdf?1602171615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGeneral_and_own_species_attentional_face.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=SzIOWM-n-tEtHmXx1fGtuFf2yIaiE6WiRFhxHln91jPp9gfwEYKDlqu9ZbCpKpdOV5~UrBbFRSp1D2U~QyOcxEWwW8GLo9gwmuEumiUgvEm39xfRU2qC0TJyik2HrgFSAjpPeHZUIGc7NQrNXwwfVapXsykLUE4sAB04~tdP2zRpyFDJ8CnvGgj5RSM0e3x84LGqkqPi27PTi323HDlZtOLMRgLtuiUEQkw762sJYuB0tvhVUV6IG431EYH-lYYlEs0R6B8jn3RGD6C60Q5Nk1BV2tu7q-km3hPcrDYmC1aev1061kVwJbFJzDcshcfznrz9R~7VHbDSp6lczXpKcQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":17081,"name":"Attentional Capture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Capture"},{"id":28499,"name":"Face perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_perception"},{"id":98259,"name":"Dot Probe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dot_Probe"},{"id":100928,"name":"Face processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_processing"},{"id":1936771,"name":"Human Face Recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Face_Recognition"},{"id":1986474,"name":"Own Species Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Own_Species_Bias"},{"id":3210775,"name":"Social Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Attention"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40195892"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40195892/Social_touch_alters_newborn_monkey_behavior"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Social touch alters newborn monkey behavior" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60808558/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40195892/Social_touch_alters_newborn_monkey_behavior">Social touch alters newborn monkey behavior</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Infant Behavior and Development</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In humans, infants respond positively to slow, gentle stroking—processed by C-tactile (CT) nerve ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In humans, infants respond positively to slow, gentle stroking—processed by C-tactile (CT) nerve fibers—by showing reductions in stress and increases in eye contact, smiling, and positive vocalizations. More frequent maternal touch is linked to greater activity and connectivity strength in social brain regions, and increases children’s attention to and learning of faces. It has been theorized that touch may prime children for social interactions and set them on a path towards healthy social cognitive development. However, less is known about the effects of touch on young infants’ psychological development, especially in the newborn period, a highly sensitive period of transition with rapid growth in sensory and social processing. It remains untested whether newborns can distinguish CT-targeted touch from other types of touch, or whether there are benefits of touch for newborns’ social, emotional, or cognitive development. In the present study, we experimentally investigated the acute effects of touch in newborn monkeys, a common model for human social development. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), like humans, are highly social, have complex mother-infant interactions with frequent body contact for the first weeks of life, making them an excellent model of infant sociality. Infant monkeys in the present study were reared in a neonatal nursery, enabling control over their early environment, including all caregiver interactions. One-week-old macaque infants (N = 27) participated in three 5-minute counter-balanced caregiver interactions, all with mutual gaze: stroking head and shoulders (CT-targeted touch), stroking palms of hands and soles of feet (Non-CT touch), or no stroking (No-touch). Immediately following the interaction, infants watched social and nonsocial videos and picture arrays including faces and objects, while we tracked their visual attention with remote eye tracking. We found that, during the caregiver interactions, infants behaved differently while being touched compared to the no-touch condition, irrespective of the body part touched. Most notably, in both touch conditions, infants exhibited fewer stress-related behaviors—self-scratching, locomotion, and contact time with a comfort object—compared to when they were not touched. Following CT-targeted touch, infants were faster to orient to the picture arrays compared to the other interaction conditions, suggesting CT-targeted touch may activate or prime infants’ attentional orienting system. In the No-touch condition infants attended longer to the nonsocial compared to the social video, possibly reflecting a baseline preference for nonsocial stimuli. In contrast, in both touch conditions, infants’ looked equally to the social and nonsocial videos, suggesting that touch may influence the types of visual stimuli that hold infants’ attention. Collectively, our results reveal that newborn macaques responded positively to touch, and touch appeared to influence some aspects of their subsequent attention, although we found limited evidence that these effects are mediated by CT fibers. These findings suggest that newborn touch may broadly support infants’ psychological development, and may have early evolutionary roots, shared across primates. This study illustrates the unique insight offered by nonhuman primates for exploring early infant social touch, revealing that touch may positively affect emotional and attentional development as early as the newborn period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b8b32055174a97dd54658916a642153d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60808558,"asset_id":40195892,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60808558/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40195892"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40195892"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40195892; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40195892]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40195892]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40195892; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40195892']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40195892, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b8b32055174a97dd54658916a642153d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40195892]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40195892,"title":"Social touch alters newborn monkey behavior","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101368","issue":"57","abstract":"In humans, infants respond positively to slow, gentle stroking—processed by C-tactile (CT) nerve fibers—by showing reductions in stress and increases in eye contact, smiling, and positive vocalizations. More frequent maternal touch is linked to greater activity and connectivity strength in social brain regions, and increases children’s attention to and learning of faces. It has been theorized that touch may prime children for social interactions and set them on a path towards healthy social cognitive development. However, less is known about the effects of touch on young infants’ psychological development, especially in the newborn period, a highly sensitive period of transition with rapid growth in sensory and social processing. It remains untested whether newborns can distinguish CT-targeted touch from other types of touch, or whether there are benefits of touch for newborns’ social, emotional, or cognitive development. In the present study, we experimentally investigated the acute effects of touch in newborn monkeys, a common model for human social development. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), like humans, are highly social, have complex mother-infant interactions with frequent body contact for the first weeks of life, making them an excellent model of infant sociality. Infant monkeys in the present study were reared in a neonatal nursery, enabling control over their early environment, including all caregiver interactions. One-week-old macaque infants (N = 27) participated in three 5-minute counter-balanced caregiver interactions, all with mutual gaze: stroking head and shoulders (CT-targeted touch), stroking palms of hands and soles of feet (Non-CT touch), or no stroking (No-touch). Immediately following the interaction, infants watched social and nonsocial videos and picture arrays including faces and objects, while we tracked their visual attention with remote eye tracking. We found that, during the caregiver interactions, infants behaved differently while being touched compared to the no-touch condition, irrespective of the body part touched. Most notably, in both touch conditions, infants exhibited fewer stress-related behaviors—self-scratching, locomotion, and contact time with a comfort object—compared to when they were not touched. Following CT-targeted touch, infants were faster to orient to the picture arrays compared to the other interaction conditions, suggesting CT-targeted touch may activate or prime infants’ attentional orienting system. In the No-touch condition infants attended longer to the nonsocial compared to the social video, possibly reflecting a baseline preference for nonsocial stimuli. In contrast, in both touch conditions, infants’ looked equally to the social and nonsocial videos, suggesting that touch may influence the types of visual stimuli that hold infants’ attention. Collectively, our results reveal that newborn macaques responded positively to touch, and touch appeared to influence some aspects of their subsequent attention, although we found limited evidence that these effects are mediated by CT fibers. These findings suggest that newborn touch may broadly support infants’ psychological development, and may have early evolutionary roots, shared across primates. This study illustrates the unique insight offered by nonhuman primates for exploring early infant social touch, revealing that touch may positively affect emotional and attentional development as early as the newborn period. ","page_numbers":"101368","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Infant Behavior and Development"},"translated_abstract":"In humans, infants respond positively to slow, gentle stroking—processed by C-tactile (CT) nerve fibers—by showing reductions in stress and increases in eye contact, smiling, and positive vocalizations. More frequent maternal touch is linked to greater activity and connectivity strength in social brain regions, and increases children’s attention to and learning of faces. It has been theorized that touch may prime children for social interactions and set them on a path towards healthy social cognitive development. However, less is known about the effects of touch on young infants’ psychological development, especially in the newborn period, a highly sensitive period of transition with rapid growth in sensory and social processing. It remains untested whether newborns can distinguish CT-targeted touch from other types of touch, or whether there are benefits of touch for newborns’ social, emotional, or cognitive development. In the present study, we experimentally investigated the acute effects of touch in newborn monkeys, a common model for human social development. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), like humans, are highly social, have complex mother-infant interactions with frequent body contact for the first weeks of life, making them an excellent model of infant sociality. Infant monkeys in the present study were reared in a neonatal nursery, enabling control over their early environment, including all caregiver interactions. One-week-old macaque infants (N = 27) participated in three 5-minute counter-balanced caregiver interactions, all with mutual gaze: stroking head and shoulders (CT-targeted touch), stroking palms of hands and soles of feet (Non-CT touch), or no stroking (No-touch). Immediately following the interaction, infants watched social and nonsocial videos and picture arrays including faces and objects, while we tracked their visual attention with remote eye tracking. We found that, during the caregiver interactions, infants behaved differently while being touched compared to the no-touch condition, irrespective of the body part touched. Most notably, in both touch conditions, infants exhibited fewer stress-related behaviors—self-scratching, locomotion, and contact time with a comfort object—compared to when they were not touched. Following CT-targeted touch, infants were faster to orient to the picture arrays compared to the other interaction conditions, suggesting CT-targeted touch may activate or prime infants’ attentional orienting system. In the No-touch condition infants attended longer to the nonsocial compared to the social video, possibly reflecting a baseline preference for nonsocial stimuli. In contrast, in both touch conditions, infants’ looked equally to the social and nonsocial videos, suggesting that touch may influence the types of visual stimuli that hold infants’ attention. Collectively, our results reveal that newborn macaques responded positively to touch, and touch appeared to influence some aspects of their subsequent attention, although we found limited evidence that these effects are mediated by CT fibers. These findings suggest that newborn touch may broadly support infants’ psychological development, and may have early evolutionary roots, shared across primates. This study illustrates the unique insight offered by nonhuman primates for exploring early infant social touch, revealing that touch may positively affect emotional and attentional development as early as the newborn period. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39047203"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39047203/Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Effects_of_orientation_and_color"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Face detection in infants and adults: Effects of orientation and color" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60808564/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39047203/Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Effects_of_orientation_and_color">Face detection in infants and adults: Effects of orientation and color</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Experimental Child Psychology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Humans rapidly locate and recognize human faces, even in complex environments. In the present stu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humans rapidly locate and recognize human faces, even in complex environments. In the present study, we explored some of the social and perceptual features of faces that may contribute to this ability. We measured infant and adult attention to complex, heterogeneous image arrays containing human and animal faces. Arrays were upright or inverted 180°, and in color or grayscale. Infants, age 3 to 5 months (n=51) and 10 to 11 months (n=34), viewed 6-item arrays (Experiment 1), while adults (n=120) searched 64-item arrays (Experiment 2). We found that 3- to 5-montholds already displayed strong own-species biases in face detection—in attention capture, attention holding, and overall detection—suggesting a surprisingly early specialization for human face detection. Furthermore, this remarkable ability was robust, evident even when color and orientation were disrupted, and grew stronger with age. Interestingly, infants’ face detection was reduced by low-level manipulations in a species-specific way, negatively impacting only animal face detection, but not affecting human face detection. In contrast, adults’ face detection efficiency was equally reduced by low-level manipulations across species, suggesting potential age differences in own-species face detection. For infants, social relevance (species) may play a more important role than low-level perceptual features, ensuring infants attend to, connect with, and learn from, the people around them. Efficient human face detection in infancy may reflect the uniqueness of own-species faces as a category, perhaps due to their social relevance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="25442d5ab4430815f5192d4418f1dbea" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60808564,"asset_id":39047203,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60808564/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39047203"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39047203"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39047203; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39047203]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39047203]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39047203; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39047203']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39047203, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "25442d5ab4430815f5192d4418f1dbea" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39047203]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39047203,"title":"Face detection in infants and adults: Effects of orientation and color","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/desc.12902","abstract":"Humans rapidly locate and recognize human faces, even in complex environments. In the present study, we explored some of the social and perceptual features of faces that may contribute to this ability. We measured infant and adult attention to complex, heterogeneous image arrays containing human and animal faces. Arrays were upright or inverted 180°, and in color or grayscale. Infants, age 3 to 5 months (n=51) and 10 to 11 months (n=34), viewed 6-item arrays (Experiment 1), while adults (n=120) searched 64-item arrays (Experiment 2). We found that 3- to 5-montholds already displayed strong own-species biases in face detection—in attention capture, attention holding, and overall detection—suggesting a surprisingly early specialization for human face detection. Furthermore, this remarkable ability was robust, evident even when color and orientation were disrupted, and grew stronger with age. Interestingly, infants’ face detection was reduced by low-level manipulations in a species-specific way, negatively impacting only animal face detection, but not affecting human face detection. In contrast, adults’ face detection efficiency was equally reduced by low-level manipulations across species, suggesting potential age differences in own-species face detection. For infants, social relevance (species) may play a more important role than low-level perceptual features, ensuring infants attend to, connect with, and learn from, the people around them. Efficient human face detection in infancy may reflect the uniqueness of own-species faces as a category, perhaps due to their social relevance.","page_numbers":"e12902","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},"translated_abstract":"Humans rapidly locate and recognize human faces, even in complex environments. In the present study, we explored some of the social and perceptual features of faces that may contribute to this ability. We measured infant and adult attention to complex, heterogeneous image arrays containing human and animal faces. Arrays were upright or inverted 180°, and in color or grayscale. Infants, age 3 to 5 months (n=51) and 10 to 11 months (n=34), viewed 6-item arrays (Experiment 1), while adults (n=120) searched 64-item arrays (Experiment 2). We found that 3- to 5-montholds already displayed strong own-species biases in face detection—in attention capture, attention holding, and overall detection—suggesting a surprisingly early specialization for human face detection. Furthermore, this remarkable ability was robust, evident even when color and orientation were disrupted, and grew stronger with age. Interestingly, infants’ face detection was reduced by low-level manipulations in a species-specific way, negatively impacting only animal face detection, but not affecting human face detection. In contrast, adults’ face detection efficiency was equally reduced by low-level manipulations across species, suggesting potential age differences in own-species face detection. For infants, social relevance (species) may play a more important role than low-level perceptual features, ensuring infants attend to, connect with, and learn from, the people around them. Efficient human face detection in infancy may reflect the uniqueness of own-species faces as a category, perhaps due to their social relevance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39047203/Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Effects_of_orientation_and_color","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-05-07T10:15:18.724-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60808564,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60808564/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Face_detection_in_2-_to_6-month-old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60808564/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Eff.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60808564/Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Face_detection_in_2-_to_6-month-old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species-libre.pdf?1570314916=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFace_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Eff.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=NyzFHXYLpJTa8DiSsyqxyturE5Ub3kozuCpoDa18d8GvY-YJFm6h10ssjrvdacvmU6ZNHnEh1oNqRipcD0G-rW4ZKUY7NiqfqysUnzb-7r0NUmHFplBDLX2w1zqVdADw47qppSMjQvOBD3BkzR8r0igp~ojzyMIQi7STJhw-p8aOEb-8kUgiBL2cIB~78TtYWc-PBuO17QRPE422P6E5WuxbvSGnOXaSrmaliaG6TAB19EV7vSL2ozMid-sSrQpmvc~p37XD7TNTM--1RGzd2GdnblDRJLynsnuB66I4EbMZa7cw06up-2fbCfT-n3yO-EwZ6KR5vvMvSwJxMte9mg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Effects_of_orientation_and_color","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":60808564,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60808564/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Face_detection_in_2-_to_6-month-old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60808564/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Eff.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60808564/Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Face_detection_in_2-_to_6-month-old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species-libre.pdf?1570314916=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFace_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Eff.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=NyzFHXYLpJTa8DiSsyqxyturE5Ub3kozuCpoDa18d8GvY-YJFm6h10ssjrvdacvmU6ZNHnEh1oNqRipcD0G-rW4ZKUY7NiqfqysUnzb-7r0NUmHFplBDLX2w1zqVdADw47qppSMjQvOBD3BkzR8r0igp~ojzyMIQi7STJhw-p8aOEb-8kUgiBL2cIB~78TtYWc-PBuO17QRPE422P6E5WuxbvSGnOXaSrmaliaG6TAB19EV7vSL2ozMid-sSrQpmvc~p37XD7TNTM--1RGzd2GdnblDRJLynsnuB66I4EbMZa7cw06up-2fbCfT-n3yO-EwZ6KR5vvMvSwJxMte9mg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception"},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":43971,"name":"Face Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_Detection"},{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior"},{"id":100928,"name":"Face processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_processing"},{"id":1986474,"name":"Own Species Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Own_Species_Bias"},{"id":3210775,"name":"Social Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Attention"}],"urls":[{"id":8864873,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/desc.12902"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843395"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843395/Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory_cognitive_and_social_behaviors"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Handling newborn monkeys alters later exploratory, cognitive, and social behaviors" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937787/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843395/Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory_cognitive_and_social_behaviors">Handling newborn monkeys alters later exploratory, cognitive, and social behaviors</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Touch is one of the first senses to develop and one of the earliest modalities for infant-caregiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Touch is one of the first senses to develop and one of the earliest modalities for infant-caregiver communication. While studies have explored the benefits of infant touch in terms of physical health and growth, the effects of social touch on infant behavior are relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated the influence of neonatal handling on a variety of domains, including memory, novelty seeking, and social interest, in infant monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 48) from 2 to 12 weeks of age. Neonates were randomly assigned to receive extra holding, with or without accompanying face-to-face interactions. Extra-handled infants, compared to standard-reared infants, exhibited less stress-related behavior and more locomotion around a novel environment, faster approach of novel objects, better working memory, and less fear towards a novel social partner. In sum, infants who received more tactile stimulation in the neonatal period subsequently demonstrated more advanced motor, social, and cognitive skills-particularly in contexts involving exploration of novelty-in the first three months of life. These data suggest that social touch may support behavioral development, offering promising possibilities for designing future early interventions, particularly for infants who are at heightened risk for social disorders.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a49e19b5ff5343dc7e79c3c921b882a0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937787,"asset_id":38843395,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937787/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843395"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843395"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843395; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843395]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843395]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843395; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843395']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843395, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a49e19b5ff5343dc7e79c3c921b882a0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843395]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843395,"title":"Handling newborn monkeys alters later exploratory, cognitive, and social behaviors","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2017.07.010","abstract":"Touch is one of the first senses to develop and one of the earliest modalities for infant-caregiver communication. While studies have explored the benefits of infant touch in terms of physical health and growth, the effects of social touch on infant behavior are relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated the influence of neonatal handling on a variety of domains, including memory, novelty seeking, and social interest, in infant monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 48) from 2 to 12 weeks of age. Neonates were randomly assigned to receive extra holding, with or without accompanying face-to-face interactions. Extra-handled infants, compared to standard-reared infants, exhibited less stress-related behavior and more locomotion around a novel environment, faster approach of novel objects, better working memory, and less fear towards a novel social partner. In sum, infants who received more tactile stimulation in the neonatal period subsequently demonstrated more advanced motor, social, and cognitive skills-particularly in contexts involving exploration of novelty-in the first three months of life. These data suggest that social touch may support behavioral development, offering promising possibilities for designing future early interventions, particularly for infants who are at heightened risk for social disorders.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},"translated_abstract":"Touch is one of the first senses to develop and one of the earliest modalities for infant-caregiver communication. While studies have explored the benefits of infant touch in terms of physical health and growth, the effects of social touch on infant behavior are relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated the influence of neonatal handling on a variety of domains, including memory, novelty seeking, and social interest, in infant monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 48) from 2 to 12 weeks of age. Neonates were randomly assigned to receive extra holding, with or without accompanying face-to-face interactions. Extra-handled infants, compared to standard-reared infants, exhibited less stress-related behavior and more locomotion around a novel environment, faster approach of novel objects, better working memory, and less fear towards a novel social partner. In sum, infants who received more tactile stimulation in the neonatal period subsequently demonstrated more advanced motor, social, and cognitive skills-particularly in contexts involving exploration of novelty-in the first three months of life. These data suggest that social touch may support behavioral development, offering promising possibilities for designing future early interventions, particularly for infants who are at heightened risk for social disorders.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38843395/Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory_cognitive_and_social_behaviors","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-17T15:24:30.523-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937787,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937787/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory__cognitive__and_social_behaviors.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937787/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_ex.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937787/Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory__cognitive__and_social_behaviors-libre.pdf?1555549022=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHandling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_ex.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=QL3uwwzhGTE1NcZsWuhPE9J6YRKQjtHd2x1dBViFkLOyW1aBnocp387F4P2370RWNosu-p~irT~NwyqYsPmMiII22Utu~WY6off4yRYQdQaf8I3eB7AVvVPo4EYHH4GYZjbIAbKcXVMmFcByA~UhU~TH8iAaTIKuyf3AnLliDwbG341FRTpjQzn8HyvjbxMNITOCxGrzMl-fI53x5~Yww1XKCZBPzpBbWxqTUA3J8GE2MEUMqwOehhnYvITqZsKrCR~2O~sy4~9v25ArD355yA~Qs5sasTe7FKt6S~HXodXAQuWJ4NSIF5WX29jC7Q6SG9sMPHX5w9SWO5wiEhk5Og__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory_cognitive_and_social_behaviors","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":58937787,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937787/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory__cognitive__and_social_behaviors.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937787/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_ex.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937787/Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory__cognitive__and_social_behaviors-libre.pdf?1555549022=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHandling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_ex.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=QL3uwwzhGTE1NcZsWuhPE9J6YRKQjtHd2x1dBViFkLOyW1aBnocp387F4P2370RWNosu-p~irT~NwyqYsPmMiII22Utu~WY6off4yRYQdQaf8I3eB7AVvVPo4EYHH4GYZjbIAbKcXVMmFcByA~UhU~TH8iAaTIKuyf3AnLliDwbG341FRTpjQzn8HyvjbxMNITOCxGrzMl-fI53x5~Yww1XKCZBPzpBbWxqTUA3J8GE2MEUMqwOehhnYvITqZsKrCR~2O~sy4~9v25ArD355yA~Qs5sasTe7FKt6S~HXodXAQuWJ4NSIF5WX29jC7Q6SG9sMPHX5w9SWO5wiEhk5Og__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication"},{"id":2971,"name":"Cognitive development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development"},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates"},{"id":86150,"name":"Touch","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Touch"},{"id":100966,"name":"Brain Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Plasticity"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":138239,"name":"Neonates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonates"},{"id":154003,"name":"Mother and Infant Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mother_and_Infant_Interaction"},{"id":171250,"name":"Primate Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Behavior"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant"},{"id":484218,"name":"Rhesus macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhesus_macaques"},{"id":954711,"name":"Maternal Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Sensitivity"},{"id":1259631,"name":"Social Touch","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Touch"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843381"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843381/Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Eliciting imitation in early infancy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937769/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843381/Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy">Eliciting imitation in early infancy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Science</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We (Meltzoff et al., 2018) described how Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) design likely dampened infan...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We (Meltzoff et al., 2018) described how Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) design likely dampened infant imitation. In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) argue that our points are post hoc. It is important for readers to know that they are not. Our paper restated “best practices” described in published papers. Based on the literature, the design used by Oostenbroek et al. (2016) would be predicted to dampen infant imitation.<br /><br />First, Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) test periods were too brief. The stimulus presentation for each type of gesture was too short to ensure that neonates saw the display. The response measurement period did not allow neonates sufficient time to organize a motor response. Meltzoff and Moore (1983a, 1994) introduced experimental<br />procedures specifically designed to address these issues (also, Simpson, Murray, Paukner, & Ferrari, 2014). Oostenbroek et al. did not capitalize on these procedural advances.<br /><br />Second, Oostenbroek et al. allowed uncontrolled experimenter–infant interactions during the test session itself. Previous papers on imitation provided analyses of how uncontrolled interactions with the experimenter can introduce “noise” in experiments of facial imitation (Meltzoff & Moore, 1983b, 1994).<br /><br />Third, Oostenbroek et al. used suboptimal eliciting conditions. Neonates cannot support their own heads; in Oostenbroek et al., infants’ heads were allowed to flop from side-to- side unsupported on the experimenter’s lap while the experimenter gestured with both hands. In addition, papers have listed techniques for maximizing visual attention (controlled lighting, homogeneous background) (Meltzoff & Moore, 1989, 1994). Oostenbroek et al. tested infants on<br />a couch in the home. <br /><br />Despite a design that would blunt imitation, our reanalysis of Oostenbroek et al.’s data showed a response pattern that is consistent with the imitation of tongue protrusion (TP). In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) now propose limiting analyses to a subset of their original controls. We reanalyzed their data accordingly. Again, the results support early imitation. Their cross-sectional data (Oostenbroek et al., 2016, Table S4) collapsed across age show significantly more infant TP in response to the TP demonstration than to the mean of the six dynamic face controls (mouth, happy, sad, mmm, ee, and click): t(104) = 4.62, p = 0.00001. The results are also significant using a narrower subset of stimuli (mouth, happy, and sad): t(104) = 3.20, p = 0.0018. These results rule out arousal, because the adult TP demonstration was significantly more effective in eliciting infant tongue protrusions than the category of dynamic face controls. Tongue protrusion matching is a robust phenomenon successfully elicited in more than two dozen studies (reviews: Meltzoff & Moore, 1997; Nagy, Pilling, Orvos, & Molnar, 2013; Simpson et al., 2014).<br /><br />There are more general lessons to be drawn. Psychology is experiencing what some call a “replication crisis.” Those who attempt to reproduce effects have scientific responsibilities, as do original authors. Both can help psychology become a more cumulative science. It is crucial for investigators to label whether or not a study is a direct replication attempt. If it is not a direct replication, procedural alterations and associated limitations should be discussed. It sows confusion to use procedures that are already predicted to dampen effects, without alerting readers. Psychology will be advanced by more stringent standards for reporting and evaluating studies aimed at reproducing published effects.<br /><br />Infant imitation is a fundamental skill prior to language and contributes to the development of social cognition. On this both Oostenbroek et al. and we agree.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="17aaed1b4e45fb0b2dbca97b4c9fc286" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937769,"asset_id":38843381,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843381"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843381]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843381']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843381, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "17aaed1b4e45fb0b2dbca97b4c9fc286" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843381]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843381,"title":"Eliciting imitation in early infancy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/desc.12738","abstract":"We (Meltzoff et al., 2018) described how Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) design likely dampened infant imitation. In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) argue that our points are post hoc. It is important for readers to know that they are not. Our paper restated “best practices” described in published papers. Based on the literature, the design used by Oostenbroek et al. (2016) would be predicted to dampen infant imitation.\n\nFirst, Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) test periods were too brief. The stimulus presentation for each type of gesture was too short to ensure that neonates saw the display. The response measurement period did not allow neonates sufficient time to organize a motor response. Meltzoff and Moore (1983a, 1994) introduced experimental\nprocedures specifically designed to address these issues (also, Simpson, Murray, Paukner, \u0026 Ferrari, 2014). Oostenbroek et al. did not capitalize on these procedural advances.\n\nSecond, Oostenbroek et al. allowed uncontrolled experimenter–infant interactions during the test session itself. Previous papers on imitation provided analyses of how uncontrolled interactions with the experimenter can introduce “noise” in experiments of facial imitation (Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1983b, 1994).\n\nThird, Oostenbroek et al. used suboptimal eliciting conditions. Neonates cannot support their own heads; in Oostenbroek et al., infants’ heads were allowed to flop from side-to- side unsupported on the experimenter’s lap while the experimenter gestured with both hands. In addition, papers have listed techniques for maximizing visual attention (controlled lighting, homogeneous background) (Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1989, 1994). Oostenbroek et al. tested infants on\na couch in the home. \n\nDespite a design that would blunt imitation, our reanalysis of Oostenbroek et al.’s data showed a response pattern that is consistent with the imitation of tongue protrusion (TP). In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) now propose limiting analyses to a subset of their original controls. We reanalyzed their data accordingly. Again, the results support early imitation. Their cross-sectional data (Oostenbroek et al., 2016, Table S4) collapsed across age show significantly more infant TP in response to the TP demonstration than to the mean of the six dynamic face controls (mouth, happy, sad, mmm, ee, and click): t(104) = 4.62, p = 0.00001. The results are also significant using a narrower subset of stimuli (mouth, happy, and sad): t(104) = 3.20, p = 0.0018. These results rule out arousal, because the adult TP demonstration was significantly more effective in eliciting infant tongue protrusions than the category of dynamic face controls. Tongue protrusion matching is a robust phenomenon successfully elicited in more than two dozen studies (reviews: Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1997; Nagy, Pilling, Orvos, \u0026 Molnar, 2013; Simpson et al., 2014).\n\nThere are more general lessons to be drawn. Psychology is experiencing what some call a “replication crisis.” Those who attempt to reproduce effects have scientific responsibilities, as do original authors. Both can help psychology become a more cumulative science. It is crucial for investigators to label whether or not a study is a direct replication attempt. If it is not a direct replication, procedural alterations and associated limitations should be discussed. It sows confusion to use procedures that are already predicted to dampen effects, without alerting readers. Psychology will be advanced by more stringent standards for reporting and evaluating studies aimed at reproducing published effects.\n\nInfant imitation is a fundamental skill prior to language and contributes to the development of social cognition. On this both Oostenbroek et al. and we agree.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Science"},"translated_abstract":"We (Meltzoff et al., 2018) described how Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) design likely dampened infant imitation. In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) argue that our points are post hoc. It is important for readers to know that they are not. Our paper restated “best practices” described in published papers. Based on the literature, the design used by Oostenbroek et al. (2016) would be predicted to dampen infant imitation.\n\nFirst, Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) test periods were too brief. The stimulus presentation for each type of gesture was too short to ensure that neonates saw the display. The response measurement period did not allow neonates sufficient time to organize a motor response. Meltzoff and Moore (1983a, 1994) introduced experimental\nprocedures specifically designed to address these issues (also, Simpson, Murray, Paukner, \u0026 Ferrari, 2014). Oostenbroek et al. did not capitalize on these procedural advances.\n\nSecond, Oostenbroek et al. allowed uncontrolled experimenter–infant interactions during the test session itself. Previous papers on imitation provided analyses of how uncontrolled interactions with the experimenter can introduce “noise” in experiments of facial imitation (Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1983b, 1994).\n\nThird, Oostenbroek et al. used suboptimal eliciting conditions. Neonates cannot support their own heads; in Oostenbroek et al., infants’ heads were allowed to flop from side-to- side unsupported on the experimenter’s lap while the experimenter gestured with both hands. In addition, papers have listed techniques for maximizing visual attention (controlled lighting, homogeneous background) (Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1989, 1994). Oostenbroek et al. tested infants on\na couch in the home. \n\nDespite a design that would blunt imitation, our reanalysis of Oostenbroek et al.’s data showed a response pattern that is consistent with the imitation of tongue protrusion (TP). In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) now propose limiting analyses to a subset of their original controls. We reanalyzed their data accordingly. Again, the results support early imitation. Their cross-sectional data (Oostenbroek et al., 2016, Table S4) collapsed across age show significantly more infant TP in response to the TP demonstration than to the mean of the six dynamic face controls (mouth, happy, sad, mmm, ee, and click): t(104) = 4.62, p = 0.00001. The results are also significant using a narrower subset of stimuli (mouth, happy, and sad): t(104) = 3.20, p = 0.0018. These results rule out arousal, because the adult TP demonstration was significantly more effective in eliciting infant tongue protrusions than the category of dynamic face controls. Tongue protrusion matching is a robust phenomenon successfully elicited in more than two dozen studies (reviews: Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1997; Nagy, Pilling, Orvos, \u0026 Molnar, 2013; Simpson et al., 2014).\n\nThere are more general lessons to be drawn. Psychology is experiencing what some call a “replication crisis.” Those who attempt to reproduce effects have scientific responsibilities, as do original authors. Both can help psychology become a more cumulative science. It is crucial for investigators to label whether or not a study is a direct replication attempt. If it is not a direct replication, procedural alterations and associated limitations should be discussed. It sows confusion to use procedures that are already predicted to dampen effects, without alerting readers. Psychology will be advanced by more stringent standards for reporting and evaluating studies aimed at reproducing published effects.\n\nInfant imitation is a fundamental skill prior to language and contributes to the development of social cognition. On this both Oostenbroek et al. and we agree.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38843381/Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-17T15:17:10.152-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937769,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937769/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937769/Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy-libre.pdf?1555548774=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=Vo4t6D8f7n-ljmDPW32mVB6QvdWsfO9VbhJrfqW5NK7VE4tMTeRqvkoYXNFn5~lMrtJP7SQZGRZWWubWuKGlIYohj4X7UJTe233YeKKuEtqVe4yaIkFJnMQkR6NyHz0rt6DrNpXNOk0s3LoIq-7BCW51GNEp5qZHFDrVfQyil-9iYY6NHakUvx8E1Vgg~61ywhTI9fvKPMgAA356dQ4PcX5FSKMcSBR2~RqCMY~nbJS9T1GAXNCeStgsMWTb7TVy7TBUtEtINL3Fn4hOph2R~WNQ4Y4iE~q4pUgMu9CfqDqx6F91pWCWg-4SCnftBojkFcK3yOQLq4IXHC9jOzuKUQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy","translated_slug":"","page_count":2,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":58937769,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937769/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937769/Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy-libre.pdf?1555548774=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=Vo4t6D8f7n-ljmDPW32mVB6QvdWsfO9VbhJrfqW5NK7VE4tMTeRqvkoYXNFn5~lMrtJP7SQZGRZWWubWuKGlIYohj4X7UJTe233YeKKuEtqVe4yaIkFJnMQkR6NyHz0rt6DrNpXNOk0s3LoIq-7BCW51GNEp5qZHFDrVfQyil-9iYY6NHakUvx8E1Vgg~61ywhTI9fvKPMgAA356dQ4PcX5FSKMcSBR2~RqCMY~nbJS9T1GAXNCeStgsMWTb7TVy7TBUtEtINL3Fn4hOph2R~WNQ4Y4iE~q4pUgMu9CfqDqx6F91pWCWg-4SCnftBojkFcK3yOQLq4IXHC9jOzuKUQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication"},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction"},{"id":19291,"name":"Best Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Best_Practices"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":100936,"name":"Imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imitation"},{"id":120582,"name":"Infant Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Development"},{"id":125632,"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences"},{"id":253547,"name":"Neonatal imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_imitation"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant"},{"id":374622,"name":"Replication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Replication"},{"id":965376,"name":"Reanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reanalysis"},{"id":2564852,"name":"replication crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/replication_crisis"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843370"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843370/Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal_sociality_and_emotionality_predict_juvenile_social_status_in_rhesus_monkeys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interindividual differences in neonatal sociality and emotionality predict juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937757/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843370/Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal_sociality_and_emotionality_predict_juvenile_social_status_in_rhesus_monkeys">Interindividual differences in neonatal sociality and emotionality predict juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Science</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In humans, socioeconomic status (SES) has profound outcomes on socio-emotional development and he...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In humans, socioeconomic status (SES) has profound outcomes on socio-emotional development and health. However, while much is known about the consequences of SES, little research has examined the predictors of SES due to the longitudinal nature of such studies. We sought to explore whether interindividual differences in neonatal sociality, temperament, and early social experiences predicted juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), as a proxy for SES in humans. We performed neonatal imitation tests in infants’ first week of life and emotional reactivity assessments at 2 and 4 weeks of age. We examined whether these traits, as well as the rearing environment in the first 8 months of life (with the mother or with same-aged peers only) and maternal social status predicted juvenile (2–3 years old) social status following the formation of peer social groups at 8 months. We found that infants who exhibited higher rates of neonatal imitation and newborn emotional reactivity achieved higher social status as juveniles, as did infants who were reared with their mothers, compared to infants reared with peers. Maternal social status was only associated with juvenile status for infant dyads reared in the same maternal group, indicating that relative social relationships were transferred through social experience. These results suggest that neonatal imitation and emotional reactivity may reflect<br />ingrained predispositions toward sociality that predict later outcomes, and that nonnormative social experiences can alter socio-developmental trajectories. Our results indicate that neonatal characteristics and early social experiences predict later social outcomes in adolescence, including gradients of social stratification.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9fb694907128375adc4615d31ab28cb1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937757,"asset_id":38843370,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937757/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843370"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843370"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843370; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843370]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843370]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843370; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843370']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843370, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9fb694907128375adc4615d31ab28cb1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843370]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843370,"title":"Interindividual differences in neonatal sociality and emotionality predict juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/desc.12749","abstract":"In humans, socioeconomic status (SES) has profound outcomes on socio-emotional development and health. However, while much is known about the consequences of SES, little research has examined the predictors of SES due to the longitudinal nature of such studies. We sought to explore whether interindividual differences in neonatal sociality, temperament, and early social experiences predicted juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), as a proxy for SES in humans. We performed neonatal imitation tests in infants’ first week of life and emotional reactivity assessments at 2 and 4 weeks of age. We examined whether these traits, as well as the rearing environment in the first 8 months of life (with the mother or with same-aged peers only) and maternal social status predicted juvenile (2–3 years old) social status following the formation of peer social groups at 8 months. We found that infants who exhibited higher rates of neonatal imitation and newborn emotional reactivity achieved higher social status as juveniles, as did infants who were reared with their mothers, compared to infants reared with peers. Maternal social status was only associated with juvenile status for infant dyads reared in the same maternal group, indicating that relative social relationships were transferred through social experience. These results suggest that neonatal imitation and emotional reactivity may reflect\ningrained predispositions toward sociality that predict later outcomes, and that nonnormative social experiences can alter socio-developmental trajectories. Our results indicate that neonatal characteristics and early social experiences predict later social outcomes in adolescence, including gradients of social stratification.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Science"},"translated_abstract":"In humans, socioeconomic status (SES) has profound outcomes on socio-emotional development and health. However, while much is known about the consequences of SES, little research has examined the predictors of SES due to the longitudinal nature of such studies. We sought to explore whether interindividual differences in neonatal sociality, temperament, and early social experiences predicted juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), as a proxy for SES in humans. We performed neonatal imitation tests in infants’ first week of life and emotional reactivity assessments at 2 and 4 weeks of age. We examined whether these traits, as well as the rearing environment in the first 8 months of life (with the mother or with same-aged peers only) and maternal social status predicted juvenile (2–3 years old) social status following the formation of peer social groups at 8 months. We found that infants who exhibited higher rates of neonatal imitation and newborn emotional reactivity achieved higher social status as juveniles, as did infants who were reared with their mothers, compared to infants reared with peers. Maternal social status was only associated with juvenile status for infant dyads reared in the same maternal group, indicating that relative social relationships were transferred through social experience. These results suggest that neonatal imitation and emotional reactivity may reflect\ningrained predispositions toward sociality that predict later outcomes, and that nonnormative social experiences can alter socio-developmental trajectories. Our results indicate that neonatal characteristics and early social experiences predict later social outcomes in adolescence, including gradients of social stratification.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38843370/Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal_sociality_and_emotionality_predict_juvenile_social_status_in_rhesus_monkeys","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-17T15:13:15.368-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937757,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937757/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Wooddell_et_al__2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937757/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937757/Wooddell_et_al__2019-libre.pdf?1556280942=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInterindividual_differences_in_neonatal.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=JANUCBYc8-lROMDUIy9ikg0QF83E8hQLvqKR6OyNQVrohFa1rWyF-jNobpv4i22gJueRFhqNnVEUYBKrBXfcAeBpOMV994GkB3wXMPxPXw5iAHlOvqF9203at6O-z~IFYhDJukMh2yzbNOF0USyul3kp5W2CJ9P5hDzoy-0QpPiRDuAkNt5H-p6t46h2nZMOGr5QxIdbjQtwtPzJeOwSQTNCWPhlgheDP8U0bqd0ypMpVOw8DlJ0NK0edgef0vFJa1h5a-q3qRmY8rmqH8L4tZ6R98DhVumqBTnrNuynp40mcPGFDxTF7IvB2SUQj0g28JXDhzSONwU5WDQ7Y1zXyg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal_sociality_and_emotionality_predict_juvenile_social_status_in_rhesus_monkeys","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":58937757,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937757/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Wooddell_et_al__2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937757/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937757/Wooddell_et_al__2019-libre.pdf?1556280942=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInterindividual_differences_in_neonatal.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=JANUCBYc8-lROMDUIy9ikg0QF83E8hQLvqKR6OyNQVrohFa1rWyF-jNobpv4i22gJueRFhqNnVEUYBKrBXfcAeBpOMV994GkB3wXMPxPXw5iAHlOvqF9203at6O-z~IFYhDJukMh2yzbNOF0USyul3kp5W2CJ9P5hDzoy-0QpPiRDuAkNt5H-p6t46h2nZMOGr5QxIdbjQtwtPzJeOwSQTNCWPhlgheDP8U0bqd0ypMpVOw8DlJ0NK0edgef0vFJa1h5a-q3qRmY8rmqH8L4tZ6R98DhVumqBTnrNuynp40mcPGFDxTF7IvB2SUQj0g28JXDhzSONwU5WDQ7Y1zXyg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion"},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction"},{"id":9070,"name":"Social behavior in animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates"},{"id":100936,"name":"Imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imitation"},{"id":125632,"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status"},{"id":253547,"name":"Neonatal imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_imitation"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant"},{"id":293628,"name":"Dominance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominance"},{"id":449966,"name":"Social hierarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_hierarchy"},{"id":484218,"name":"Rhesus macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhesus_macaques"},{"id":2126255,"name":"Early Life Adversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Life_Adversity"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843361"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843361/Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces_in_infant_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_with_limited_face_exposure"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Visual preferences for direct-gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta) with limited face exposure" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937745/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843361/Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces_in_infant_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_with_limited_face_exposure">Visual preferences for direct-gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta) with limited face exposure</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Psychobiology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From birth, human and nonhuman primates attend more to faces with direct gaze compared with avert...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From birth, human and nonhuman primates attend more to faces with direct gaze compared with averted gaze, and previous studies report that attention to the eyes is linked to the emergence of later social skills. Here, we explored whether early experiences influence attraction to eye contact in infant macaques by examining their<br />attention to face pairs varying in their gaze direction across the first 13 weeks of life. Infants raised by human caretakers had limited conspecific interactions (nurseryreared; N = 16) and were compared to infants raised in rich social environments (mother‐reared; N = 20). Both groups looked longer to faces and the eyes of direct compared to averted‐gaze faces. Looking to all faces and eyes also increased with age. Nursery‐reared infants did not display age‐associated increases in attention to direct‐gaze faces specifically, suggesting that, while there may be an initial preference for direct‐gaze faces from birth, social experiences may support its early development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9dbb83114501487e298eae275e1dcbc2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937745,"asset_id":38843361,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937745/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843361"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843361]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843361']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843361, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9dbb83114501487e298eae275e1dcbc2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843361]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843361,"title":"Visual preferences for direct-gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta) with limited face exposure","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1002/dev.21797","abstract":"From birth, human and nonhuman primates attend more to faces with direct gaze compared with averted gaze, and previous studies report that attention to the eyes is linked to the emergence of later social skills. Here, we explored whether early experiences influence attraction to eye contact in infant macaques by examining their\nattention to face pairs varying in their gaze direction across the first 13 weeks of life. Infants raised by human caretakers had limited conspecific interactions (nurseryreared; N = 16) and were compared to infants raised in rich social environments (mother‐reared; N = 20). Both groups looked longer to faces and the eyes of direct compared to averted‐gaze faces. Looking to all faces and eyes also increased with age. Nursery‐reared infants did not display age‐associated increases in attention to direct‐gaze faces specifically, suggesting that, while there may be an initial preference for direct‐gaze faces from birth, social experiences may support its early development.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Psychobiology"},"translated_abstract":"From birth, human and nonhuman primates attend more to faces with direct gaze compared with averted gaze, and previous studies report that attention to the eyes is linked to the emergence of later social skills. Here, we explored whether early experiences influence attraction to eye contact in infant macaques by examining their\nattention to face pairs varying in their gaze direction across the first 13 weeks of life. Infants raised by human caretakers had limited conspecific interactions (nurseryreared; N = 16) and were compared to infants raised in rich social environments (mother‐reared; N = 20). Both groups looked longer to faces and the eyes of direct compared to averted‐gaze faces. Looking to all faces and eyes also increased with age. Nursery‐reared infants did not display age‐associated increases in attention to direct‐gaze faces specifically, suggesting that, while there may be an initial preference for direct‐gaze faces from birth, social experiences may support its early development.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38843361/Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces_in_infant_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_with_limited_face_exposure","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-17T15:09:27.127-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937745,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937745/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al__2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937745/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937745/Simpson_et_al__2019-libre.pdf?1555569950=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVisual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=XDL2l4WSWHA0xFntSeZki8QzSBMedLnqORXKVLg5W4odyWKYwMrADd6mH-Q9ifddqmmLBbsnLeMnFwJcaU3~f1VJ410L7Dg9~EfwjQ59pOKocTtu9TUH2YsH6ELF0iYBWE-MizxeIspxkph3IEePtXy8GaL48x1gfvKgI2K9xLejjXTqhydaM9~AN-68Lcd3ewGS~T0VHtJiLfLHqc3gX1~pYgFBnr5IlCynaK8FZar6pCIL6dibCP0QV9KDs2tcS9FXo5kVacnUMisPHXll3uvboIS-YisKCN2G0cmK3nFtPYAMUNoGolWtu~z7Kk74~XrrV~06KL9o6-7hX4B4tw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces_in_infant_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_with_limited_face_exposure","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":58937745,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937745/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al__2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937745/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937745/Simpson_et_al__2019-libre.pdf?1555569950=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVisual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=XDL2l4WSWHA0xFntSeZki8QzSBMedLnqORXKVLg5W4odyWKYwMrADd6mH-Q9ifddqmmLBbsnLeMnFwJcaU3~f1VJ410L7Dg9~EfwjQ59pOKocTtu9TUH2YsH6ELF0iYBWE-MizxeIspxkph3IEePtXy8GaL48x1gfvKgI2K9xLejjXTqhydaM9~AN-68Lcd3ewGS~T0VHtJiLfLHqc3gX1~pYgFBnr5IlCynaK8FZar6pCIL6dibCP0QV9KDs2tcS9FXo5kVacnUMisPHXll3uvboIS-YisKCN2G0cmK3nFtPYAMUNoGolWtu~z7Kk74~XrrV~06KL9o6-7hX4B4tw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":28499,"name":"Face perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_perception"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates"},{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior"},{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision"},{"id":64987,"name":"Social Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Development"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":318994,"name":"Eye Contact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Contact"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34692680"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34692680/Re_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016_evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54551558/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34692680/Re_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016_evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion">Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Science</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The meaning, mechanism, and function of imitation in early infancy have been actively discussed s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The meaning, mechanism, and function of imitation in early infancy have been actively discussed since Meltzoff and Moore's (1977) report of facial and manual imitation by human neonates. Oostenbroek et al. (2016) claim to challenge the existence of early imitation and to counter all interpretations so far offered. Such claims, if true, would have implications for theories of social-cognitive development. Here we identify 11 flaws in Oostenbroek et al.'s experimental design that biased the results toward null effects. We requested and obtained the authors' raw data. Contrary to the authors' conclusions, new analyses reveal significant tongue-protrusion imitation at all four ages tested (1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks old). We explain how the authors missed this pattern and offer five recommendations for designing future experiments. Infant imitation raises fundamental issues about action representation, social learning, and brain–be-havior relations. The debate about the origins and development of imitation reflects its importance to theories of developmental science.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3f672ae88872b9b5dcef2dacc62c8c81" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54551558,"asset_id":34692680,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54551558/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34692680"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34692680"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34692680; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34692680]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34692680]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34692680; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34692680']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34692680, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3f672ae88872b9b5dcef2dacc62c8c81" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34692680]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34692680,"title":"Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/desc.12609","issue":"e12609","volume":"21","abstract":"The meaning, mechanism, and function of imitation in early infancy have been actively discussed since Meltzoff and Moore's (1977) report of facial and manual imitation by human neonates. Oostenbroek et al. (2016) claim to challenge the existence of early imitation and to counter all interpretations so far offered. Such claims, if true, would have implications for theories of social-cognitive development. Here we identify 11 flaws in Oostenbroek et al.'s experimental design that biased the results toward null effects. We requested and obtained the authors' raw data. Contrary to the authors' conclusions, new analyses reveal significant tongue-protrusion imitation at all four ages tested (1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks old). We explain how the authors missed this pattern and offer five recommendations for designing future experiments. Infant imitation raises fundamental issues about action representation, social learning, and brain–be-havior relations. The debate about the origins and development of imitation reflects its importance to theories of developmental science.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Science"},"translated_abstract":"The meaning, mechanism, and function of imitation in early infancy have been actively discussed since Meltzoff and Moore's (1977) report of facial and manual imitation by human neonates. Oostenbroek et al. (2016) claim to challenge the existence of early imitation and to counter all interpretations so far offered. Such claims, if true, would have implications for theories of social-cognitive development. Here we identify 11 flaws in Oostenbroek et al.'s experimental design that biased the results toward null effects. We requested and obtained the authors' raw data. Contrary to the authors' conclusions, new analyses reveal significant tongue-protrusion imitation at all four ages tested (1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks old). We explain how the authors missed this pattern and offer five recommendations for designing future experiments. Infant imitation raises fundamental issues about action representation, social learning, and brain–be-havior relations. The debate about the origins and development of imitation reflects its importance to theories of developmental science.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34692680/Re_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016_evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-09-27T06:15:11.843-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":30373665,"work_id":34692680,"tagging_user_id":40283,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":570415,"email":"m***f@uw.edu","display_order":1,"name":"Andrew Meltzoff","title":"Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion"},{"id":30373666,"work_id":34692680,"tagging_user_id":40283,"tagged_user_id":8075042,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***r@gmail.com","affiliation":"National Institutes of Health","display_order":2,"name":"Annika Paukner","title":"Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion"},{"id":30373667,"work_id":34692680,"tagging_user_id":40283,"tagged_user_id":383523,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***r@miami.edu","affiliation":"University of Miami","display_order":3,"name":"Daniel Messinger","title":"Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54551558,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54551558/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Meltzoff_et_al__2017_-_Re-examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al._2016-_Evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54551558/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Re_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54551558/Meltzoff_et_al__2017_-_Re-examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al._2016-_Evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion-libre.pdf?1506518437=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRe_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=Wu~xNL9CvvhWtQcifYcV6JoEuJcBaLEbDR9nkR9PIaoTTMCkk~kHYvHNrKa1TMIBAfM4W6gFL5OUqX5NtsorZ4WawELQ22A-x8I8~irYddAVueU6eKJcFhuqN3MqOor6fyHRaLOrFg4d~cr15Q6RAJLTqy2nDyJejuOzpMXvaTBohju7qtkSoiAOleG9DB7h50Qq6jplmYFshd~FDY~uL1esHNpD3shXN60NionU3ZJcLN4cEUI1ZCyJan~g1fOMfSVlmddXRNeOh8SVhPbIY0N1pCQBBu4tlsZrv2qqnIbNdTxe0irTIHhd5KGA8Qilh7dseeenpprzV4XvO~CeRA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Re_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016_evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":54551558,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54551558/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Meltzoff_et_al__2017_-_Re-examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al._2016-_Evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54551558/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Re_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54551558/Meltzoff_et_al__2017_-_Re-examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al._2016-_Evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion-libre.pdf?1506518437=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRe_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=Wu~xNL9CvvhWtQcifYcV6JoEuJcBaLEbDR9nkR9PIaoTTMCkk~kHYvHNrKa1TMIBAfM4W6gFL5OUqX5NtsorZ4WawELQ22A-x8I8~irYddAVueU6eKJcFhuqN3MqOor6fyHRaLOrFg4d~cr15Q6RAJLTqy2nDyJejuOzpMXvaTBohju7qtkSoiAOleG9DB7h50Qq6jplmYFshd~FDY~uL1esHNpD3shXN60NionU3ZJcLN4cEUI1ZCyJan~g1fOMfSVlmddXRNeOh8SVhPbIY0N1pCQBBu4tlsZrv2qqnIbNdTxe0irTIHhd5KGA8Qilh7dseeenpprzV4XvO~CeRA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication"},{"id":15140,"name":"Infancy Narratives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy_Narratives"},{"id":21269,"name":"Facial expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_expression"},{"id":60311,"name":"Sociality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociality"},{"id":100936,"name":"Imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imitation"},{"id":125632,"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences"},{"id":138239,"name":"Neonates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonates"},{"id":204132,"name":"Mother-Infant Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mother-Infant_Interaction"},{"id":253547,"name":"Neonatal imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_imitation"}],"urls":[{"id":8745444,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/desc.12609"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843447"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843447/EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_goal_directed_action_observation_in_newborn_monkeys_and_its_relation_to_the_emergence_of_hand_motor_skills"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of EEG beta desynchronization during hand goal-directed action observation in newborn monkeys and its relation to the emergence of hand motor skills" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937839/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843447/EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_goal_directed_action_observation_in_newborn_monkeys_and_its_relation_to_the_emergence_of_hand_motor_skills">EEG beta desynchronization during hand goal-directed action observation in newborn monkeys and its relation to the emergence of hand motor skills</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previous developmental research suggests that motor experience supports the development of action...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previous developmental research suggests that motor experience supports the development of action perception across the lifespan. However, it is still unknown when the neural mechanisms underlying action-perception coupling emerge in infancy. The goal of this study was to examine the neural correlates of action perception during the emergence of grasping abilities in newborn rhesus macaques. Neural activity, recorded via electro-encephalogram (EEG), while monkeys observed grasping actions, mimed actions and means-end movements during the first (W1) and second week (W2) of life was measured. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) during action observation was computed from the EEG in the alpha and beta bands, two components of the sensor-imotor mu rhythm associated with activity of the mirror neuron system (MNS). Results revealed age-related changes in the beta band, but not the alpha band, over anterior electrodes, with greater desynchronization at W2 than W1 for the observation of grasping actions. Additionally, desynchronization to observed grasping actions at W2 was associated with infants' motor skills-measured by a separate behavioral task-such that more grasping attempts were associated to greater beta ERD. These findings suggest the emergence of an early action-perception system, that relies on motor experience, shortly after birth.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de32710bc37088ed5a319cf22682013a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937839,"asset_id":38843447,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937839/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843447"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843447"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843447; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843447]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843447]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843447; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843447']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843447, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "de32710bc37088ed5a319cf22682013a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843447]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843447,"title":"EEG beta desynchronization during hand goal-directed action observation in newborn monkeys and its relation to the emergence of hand motor skills","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2018.02.010","abstract":"Previous developmental research suggests that motor experience supports the development of action perception across the lifespan. However, it is still unknown when the neural mechanisms underlying action-perception coupling emerge in infancy. The goal of this study was to examine the neural correlates of action perception during the emergence of grasping abilities in newborn rhesus macaques. Neural activity, recorded via electro-encephalogram (EEG), while monkeys observed grasping actions, mimed actions and means-end movements during the first (W1) and second week (W2) of life was measured. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) during action observation was computed from the EEG in the alpha and beta bands, two components of the sensor-imotor mu rhythm associated with activity of the mirror neuron system (MNS). Results revealed age-related changes in the beta band, but not the alpha band, over anterior electrodes, with greater desynchronization at W2 than W1 for the observation of grasping actions. Additionally, desynchronization to observed grasping actions at W2 was associated with infants' motor skills-measured by a separate behavioral task-such that more grasping attempts were associated to greater beta ERD. These findings suggest the emergence of an early action-perception system, that relies on motor experience, shortly after birth.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},"translated_abstract":"Previous developmental research suggests that motor experience supports the development of action perception across the lifespan. However, it is still unknown when the neural mechanisms underlying action-perception coupling emerge in infancy. The goal of this study was to examine the neural correlates of action perception during the emergence of grasping abilities in newborn rhesus macaques. Neural activity, recorded via electro-encephalogram (EEG), while monkeys observed grasping actions, mimed actions and means-end movements during the first (W1) and second week (W2) of life was measured. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) during action observation was computed from the EEG in the alpha and beta bands, two components of the sensor-imotor mu rhythm associated with activity of the mirror neuron system (MNS). Results revealed age-related changes in the beta band, but not the alpha band, over anterior electrodes, with greater desynchronization at W2 than W1 for the observation of grasping actions. Additionally, desynchronization to observed grasping actions at W2 was associated with infants' motor skills-measured by a separate behavioral task-such that more grasping attempts were associated to greater beta ERD. These findings suggest the emergence of an early action-perception system, that relies on motor experience, shortly after birth.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38843447/EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_goal_directed_action_observation_in_newborn_monkeys_and_its_relation_to_the_emergence_of_hand_motor_skills","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-17T15:48:26.330-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937839,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937839/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Festante_et_al__2018.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937839/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_g.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937839/Festante_et_al__2018-libre.pdf?1555550122=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_g.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=AmlKyGShyVPBKfBKkHF88~jhVwoB1hMnKi7Pf~eury~0RbnARPTN8Ri-Y7CwwT~FAngoMQh3CP1WFHjzGx1Z0pzysGY~BjDuupRsnCeReP5yPnNstlQErnqVBpixqeGWAopKpgC1E0sH7U9ZEwU3bRIj2kj~BCKwWZtVgwbFAAfyv5IfNppScsm-iwoxFwZ1A5AlxNRlJMwVf4rl7KMl1uSPE4kdBuwqqIkStBFecK7gmsBnUF0NXTJm-rm89XNbF-MrbqOSyx5YCp~dhBcFhIUMtrySgWhz9jpWw45MZgFmIpv2GWRND-WsdvkmGzet3Udh1zsFEtHcU5ay27l7UA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_goal_directed_action_observation_in_newborn_monkeys_and_its_relation_to_the_emergence_of_hand_motor_skills","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":58937839,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937839/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Festante_et_al__2018.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937839/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_g.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937839/Festante_et_al__2018-libre.pdf?1555550122=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_g.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=AmlKyGShyVPBKfBKkHF88~jhVwoB1hMnKi7Pf~eury~0RbnARPTN8Ri-Y7CwwT~FAngoMQh3CP1WFHjzGx1Z0pzysGY~BjDuupRsnCeReP5yPnNstlQErnqVBpixqeGWAopKpgC1E0sH7U9ZEwU3bRIj2kj~BCKwWZtVgwbFAAfyv5IfNppScsm-iwoxFwZ1A5AlxNRlJMwVf4rl7KMl1uSPE4kdBuwqqIkStBFecK7gmsBnUF0NXTJm-rm89XNbF-MrbqOSyx5YCp~dhBcFhIUMtrySgWhz9jpWw45MZgFmIpv2GWRND-WsdvkmGzet3Udh1zsFEtHcU5ay27l7UA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies"},{"id":3675,"name":"Mirror Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mirror_Neurons"},{"id":10402,"name":"EEG","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EEG"},{"id":20695,"name":"Grasping (Motor Control)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grasping_Motor_Control_"},{"id":62314,"name":"Grasping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grasping"},{"id":100564,"name":"Mirror Neuron System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mirror_Neuron_System"},{"id":187814,"name":"Electroencephalogram","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalogram"},{"id":219449,"name":"Mu Rhythms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mu_Rhythms"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843455"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843455/Early_rearing_history_influences_oxytocin_receptor_epigenetic_regulation_in_rhesus_macaques"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Early rearing history influences oxytocin receptor epigenetic regulation in rhesus macaques" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937852/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843455/Early_rearing_history_influences_oxytocin_receptor_epigenetic_regulation_in_rhesus_macaques">Early rearing history influences oxytocin receptor epigenetic regulation in rhesus macaques</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing for H3K4me3 to examine effects of early maternal deprivation (peer-rearing, PR) in archived rhesus macaque hippocampal samples (male, n = 13). Focusing on genes with roles in stress response and behavior, we assessed the effects of rearing on H3K4me3 binding by ANOVA. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response , the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR, for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Based on this finding, we performed behavioral analyses to determine whether a gain-of-function nonsynonymous OXTR SNP interacted with early stress to influence relevant behavioral stress reactivity phenotypes (n = 194), revealing that this SNP partially rescued the PR phenotype. PR infants exhibited higher levels of separation anxiety and arousal in response to social separation, but infants carrying the alternative OXTR allele did not exhibit as great a separation response. These data indicate that the oxytocin system is involved in social-separation response and suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR could contribute to behavior-al differences observed in PR animals. Epigenetic changes at OXTR may represent predictive adaptive responses that could impart readiness to respond to environmental challenge or maintain proximity to a caregiver but also contribute to behavioral pathology. Our data also demonstrate that OXTR polymorphism can permit animals to partially overcome the detrimental effects of early maternal deprivation, which could have translational implications for human psychiatric disorders. primate | epigenetic | stress | maternal care | oxytocin S tress is a universal condition of life, but if it is chronic, severe, or occurs during critical developmental windows, it contributes to a variety of disease vulnerabilities, particularly disorders of the brain (1-3). In humans, there are known links between prenatal or early stress and a variety of psychiatric and developmental disorders , including depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders , posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders (4-6). A major advantage in using animal models is the ability to follow animals prospectively from or before birth and then to control environmental exposure. As such, studies aimed at determining the mechanisms through which in utero or postnatal environments induce long-lasting differences in neurophysiology and behavior have been performed using animal models. Early infant development is a time of high brain plasticity as well as intense mother-infant interaction. For an infant, the mother's behaviors and other cues (i.e., hormones in the milk, pheromones are among the main sources of information about the environment to which an infant must adapt. An early period of enhanced environmental sensitivity has been documented in wild, laboratory, and domestic animals alike. In 1937, the ethologist Lorenz (7) defined a "critical period" for the social bonding that occurs during early development. Bateson later modified the nomenclature, instead referring to a "sensitive period ," which he described as a developmental phase during which events are particularly likely to produce prolonged effects on an individual (8). Years later, rodent studies performed by Levine showed that early experience, as determined by the extent and quality of maternal care, produced long-lasting alterations in hypotha-lamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, fearfulness, and social behaviors (9). These studies were rapidly replicated and expanded, demonstrating that epigenetic factors played a significant role, especially in stress-sensitive regions of brain such as Significance Epigenetically programmed stress adaptation may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing to examine effects of early environment on epigenetic regulation using hippocampal samples from macaques exposed to disruption in maternal care. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response, the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Post hoc analysis showed that a gain-of-function OXTR SNP rescued behavioral differences in early stress-exposed subjects. Our data suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR in brain could contribute to behavioral differences observed in early stress-exposed subjects and that functional genetic variation plays a role. These could have translational implications for human psychiatric disease and personality disorders.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3a754731dad909fb64ab6250c1ad7f1f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937852,"asset_id":38843455,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937852/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843455"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843455]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843455; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843455']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843455, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3a754731dad909fb64ab6250c1ad7f1f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843455]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843455,"title":"Early rearing history influences oxytocin receptor epigenetic regulation in rhesus macaques","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1706206114","abstract":"Adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing for H3K4me3 to examine effects of early maternal deprivation (peer-rearing, PR) in archived rhesus macaque hippocampal samples (male, n = 13). Focusing on genes with roles in stress response and behavior, we assessed the effects of rearing on H3K4me3 binding by ANOVA. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response , the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR, for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Based on this finding, we performed behavioral analyses to determine whether a gain-of-function nonsynonymous OXTR SNP interacted with early stress to influence relevant behavioral stress reactivity phenotypes (n = 194), revealing that this SNP partially rescued the PR phenotype. PR infants exhibited higher levels of separation anxiety and arousal in response to social separation, but infants carrying the alternative OXTR allele did not exhibit as great a separation response. These data indicate that the oxytocin system is involved in social-separation response and suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR could contribute to behavior-al differences observed in PR animals. Epigenetic changes at OXTR may represent predictive adaptive responses that could impart readiness to respond to environmental challenge or maintain proximity to a caregiver but also contribute to behavioral pathology. Our data also demonstrate that OXTR polymorphism can permit animals to partially overcome the detrimental effects of early maternal deprivation, which could have translational implications for human psychiatric disorders. primate | epigenetic | stress | maternal care | oxytocin S tress is a universal condition of life, but if it is chronic, severe, or occurs during critical developmental windows, it contributes to a variety of disease vulnerabilities, particularly disorders of the brain (1-3). In humans, there are known links between prenatal or early stress and a variety of psychiatric and developmental disorders , including depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders , posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders (4-6). A major advantage in using animal models is the ability to follow animals prospectively from or before birth and then to control environmental exposure. As such, studies aimed at determining the mechanisms through which in utero or postnatal environments induce long-lasting differences in neurophysiology and behavior have been performed using animal models. Early infant development is a time of high brain plasticity as well as intense mother-infant interaction. For an infant, the mother's behaviors and other cues (i.e., hormones in the milk, pheromones are among the main sources of information about the environment to which an infant must adapt. An early period of enhanced environmental sensitivity has been documented in wild, laboratory, and domestic animals alike. In 1937, the ethologist Lorenz (7) defined a \"critical period\" for the social bonding that occurs during early development. Bateson later modified the nomenclature, instead referring to a \"sensitive period ,\" which he described as a developmental phase during which events are particularly likely to produce prolonged effects on an individual (8). Years later, rodent studies performed by Levine showed that early experience, as determined by the extent and quality of maternal care, produced long-lasting alterations in hypotha-lamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, fearfulness, and social behaviors (9). These studies were rapidly replicated and expanded, demonstrating that epigenetic factors played a significant role, especially in stress-sensitive regions of brain such as Significance Epigenetically programmed stress adaptation may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing to examine effects of early environment on epigenetic regulation using hippocampal samples from macaques exposed to disruption in maternal care. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response, the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Post hoc analysis showed that a gain-of-function OXTR SNP rescued behavioral differences in early stress-exposed subjects. Our data suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR in brain could contribute to behavioral differences observed in early stress-exposed subjects and that functional genetic variation plays a role. These could have translational implications for human psychiatric disease and personality disorders.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"Adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing for H3K4me3 to examine effects of early maternal deprivation (peer-rearing, PR) in archived rhesus macaque hippocampal samples (male, n = 13). Focusing on genes with roles in stress response and behavior, we assessed the effects of rearing on H3K4me3 binding by ANOVA. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response , the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR, for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Based on this finding, we performed behavioral analyses to determine whether a gain-of-function nonsynonymous OXTR SNP interacted with early stress to influence relevant behavioral stress reactivity phenotypes (n = 194), revealing that this SNP partially rescued the PR phenotype. PR infants exhibited higher levels of separation anxiety and arousal in response to social separation, but infants carrying the alternative OXTR allele did not exhibit as great a separation response. These data indicate that the oxytocin system is involved in social-separation response and suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR could contribute to behavior-al differences observed in PR animals. Epigenetic changes at OXTR may represent predictive adaptive responses that could impart readiness to respond to environmental challenge or maintain proximity to a caregiver but also contribute to behavioral pathology. Our data also demonstrate that OXTR polymorphism can permit animals to partially overcome the detrimental effects of early maternal deprivation, which could have translational implications for human psychiatric disorders. primate | epigenetic | stress | maternal care | oxytocin S tress is a universal condition of life, but if it is chronic, severe, or occurs during critical developmental windows, it contributes to a variety of disease vulnerabilities, particularly disorders of the brain (1-3). In humans, there are known links between prenatal or early stress and a variety of psychiatric and developmental disorders , including depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders , posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders (4-6). A major advantage in using animal models is the ability to follow animals prospectively from or before birth and then to control environmental exposure. As such, studies aimed at determining the mechanisms through which in utero or postnatal environments induce long-lasting differences in neurophysiology and behavior have been performed using animal models. Early infant development is a time of high brain plasticity as well as intense mother-infant interaction. For an infant, the mother's behaviors and other cues (i.e., hormones in the milk, pheromones are among the main sources of information about the environment to which an infant must adapt. An early period of enhanced environmental sensitivity has been documented in wild, laboratory, and domestic animals alike. In 1937, the ethologist Lorenz (7) defined a \"critical period\" for the social bonding that occurs during early development. Bateson later modified the nomenclature, instead referring to a \"sensitive period ,\" which he described as a developmental phase during which events are particularly likely to produce prolonged effects on an individual (8). Years later, rodent studies performed by Levine showed that early experience, as determined by the extent and quality of maternal care, produced long-lasting alterations in hypotha-lamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, fearfulness, and social behaviors (9). These studies were rapidly replicated and expanded, demonstrating that epigenetic factors played a significant role, especially in stress-sensitive regions of brain such as Significance Epigenetically programmed stress adaptation may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing to examine effects of early environment on epigenetic regulation using hippocampal samples from macaques exposed to disruption in maternal care. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response, the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Post hoc analysis showed that a gain-of-function OXTR SNP rescued behavioral differences in early stress-exposed subjects. Our data suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR in brain could contribute to behavioral differences observed in early stress-exposed subjects and that functional genetic variation plays a role. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33926653"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926653/Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Testing the arousal hypothesis of neonatal imitation in infant rhesus macaques" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895064/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926653/Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques">Testing the arousal hypothesis of neonatal imitation in infant rhesus macaques</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOSE ONE</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Neonatal imitation is the matching of (often facial) gestures by newborn infants. Some studies su...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Neonatal imitation is the matching of (often facial) gestures by newborn infants. Some studies suggest that performance of facial gestures is due to general arousal, which may produce false positives on neonatal imitation assessments. Here we examine whether arousal is linked to facial gesturing in newborn infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We tested 163 infants in a neonatal imitation paradigm in their first postnatal week and analyzed their lipsmacking gestures (a rapid opening and closing of the mouth), tongue protrusion gestures , and yawn responses (a measure of arousal). Arousal increased during dynamic stimulus presentation compared to the static baseline across all conditions, and arousal was higher in the facial gestures conditions than the nonsocial control condition. However, even after controlling for arousal, we found a condition-specific increase in facial gestures in infants who matched lipsmacking and tongue protrusion gestures. Thus, we found no support for the arousal hypothesis. Consistent with reports in human newborns, imitators' propensity to match facial gestures is based on abilities that go beyond mere arousal. We discuss optimal testing conditions to minimize potentially confounding effects of arousal on measurements of neonatal imitation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="32206ebc7c496a35eda849ebc5a44518" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53895064,"asset_id":33926653,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895064/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33926653"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33926653"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926653; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926653]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926653]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926653; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33926653']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33926653, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "32206ebc7c496a35eda849ebc5a44518" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33926653]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33926653,"title":"Testing the arousal hypothesis of neonatal imitation in infant rhesus macaques","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0178864","issue":"6","volume":"12","abstract":"Neonatal imitation is the matching of (often facial) gestures by newborn infants. Some studies suggest that performance of facial gestures is due to general arousal, which may produce false positives on neonatal imitation assessments. Here we examine whether arousal is linked to facial gesturing in newborn infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We tested 163 infants in a neonatal imitation paradigm in their first postnatal week and analyzed their lipsmacking gestures (a rapid opening and closing of the mouth), tongue protrusion gestures , and yawn responses (a measure of arousal). Arousal increased during dynamic stimulus presentation compared to the static baseline across all conditions, and arousal was higher in the facial gestures conditions than the nonsocial control condition. However, even after controlling for arousal, we found a condition-specific increase in facial gestures in infants who matched lipsmacking and tongue protrusion gestures. Thus, we found no support for the arousal hypothesis. Consistent with reports in human newborns, imitators' propensity to match facial gestures is based on abilities that go beyond mere arousal. We discuss optimal testing conditions to minimize potentially confounding effects of arousal on measurements of neonatal imitation.","page_numbers":"e0178864","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLOSE ONE"},"translated_abstract":"Neonatal imitation is the matching of (often facial) gestures by newborn infants. Some studies suggest that performance of facial gestures is due to general arousal, which may produce false positives on neonatal imitation assessments. Here we examine whether arousal is linked to facial gesturing in newborn infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We tested 163 infants in a neonatal imitation paradigm in their first postnatal week and analyzed their lipsmacking gestures (a rapid opening and closing of the mouth), tongue protrusion gestures , and yawn responses (a measure of arousal). Arousal increased during dynamic stimulus presentation compared to the static baseline across all conditions, and arousal was higher in the facial gestures conditions than the nonsocial control condition. However, even after controlling for arousal, we found a condition-specific increase in facial gestures in infants who matched lipsmacking and tongue protrusion gestures. Thus, we found no support for the arousal hypothesis. Consistent with reports in human newborns, imitators' propensity to match facial gestures is based on abilities that go beyond mere arousal. We discuss optimal testing conditions to minimize potentially confounding effects of arousal on measurements of neonatal imitation.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33926653/Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-18T12:42:45.893-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53895064,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895064/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Paukner_et_al__2017_-_Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895064/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53895064/Paukner_et_al__2017_-_Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques-libre.pdf?1500407051=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTesting_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonat.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=J7RQgywWz51dvd4wbF3Rw4ylnYZhI0KrlvQHdzOkiXnm2VQWfkjCUk6BKikBTHMpeeZ6g1JdlvP6Mm1UidBRHJsJ9IfnNdeMuLFf3uWbp11be4z-w19SVTZm1i1FfOQWfDR5p9O5XKRNxTOz8Rp1dZD5NDpHg28WKikpwFomyit-Vv47G0N0PL7KNRZ-qTISbLz~DPu6PSGVYbrqR-Yj2UhWOtfkDeD6kIv6n7kCbY0syuLWuZ3EPfvfdfIZfEi97FoSH40ZEIznXX3hDZpX2M07sS~oxkbITCOgwKjWe1IFzue2QfZBjDx~7rMYo9uODe2AXn5Vzbf4MgRyrC3B-A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":53895064,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895064/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Paukner_et_al__2017_-_Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895064/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53895064/Paukner_et_al__2017_-_Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques-libre.pdf?1500407051=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTesting_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonat.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=J7RQgywWz51dvd4wbF3Rw4ylnYZhI0KrlvQHdzOkiXnm2VQWfkjCUk6BKikBTHMpeeZ6g1JdlvP6Mm1UidBRHJsJ9IfnNdeMuLFf3uWbp11be4z-w19SVTZm1i1FfOQWfDR5p9O5XKRNxTOz8Rp1dZD5NDpHg28WKikpwFomyit-Vv47G0N0PL7KNRZ-qTISbLz~DPu6PSGVYbrqR-Yj2UhWOtfkDeD6kIv6n7kCbY0syuLWuZ3EPfvfdfIZfEi97FoSH40ZEIznXX3hDZpX2M07sS~oxkbITCOgwKjWe1IFzue2QfZBjDx~7rMYo9uODe2AXn5Vzbf4MgRyrC3B-A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication"},{"id":179294,"name":"Mimicry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mimicry"},{"id":204132,"name":"Mother-Infant Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mother-Infant_Interaction"},{"id":253547,"name":"Neonatal imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_imitation"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant"},{"id":365459,"name":"Macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaques"},{"id":1192119,"name":"Yawning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yawning"}],"urls":[{"id":8745447,"url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0178864"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33926687"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926687/Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant_directed_speech_on_visual_retention_in_infant_rhesus_macaques"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Who's my little monkey? Effects of infant-directed speech on visual retention in infant rhesus macaques" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895099/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926687/Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant_directed_speech_on_visual_retention_in_infant_rhesus_macaques">Who's my little monkey? Effects of infant-directed speech on visual retention in infant rhesus macaques</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Both human and nonhuman primate adults use infant-directed facial and vocal expressions across ma...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Both human and nonhuman primate adults use infant-directed facial and vocal expressions across many contexts when interacting with infants (e.g., feeding, playing). This infant-oriented style of communication, known as infant-directed speech (IDS), seems to benefit human infants in numerous ways, including facilitating language acquisition. Given the variety of contexts in which adults use IDS, we hypothesized that IDS supports learning beyond the linguistic domain and that these benefits may extend to nonhuman primates. We exposed 2.5-month-old rhesus macaque infants (N = 15) to IDS, adult-directed speech (ADS), and a non-social control (CTR) during a video presentation of unrelated stimuli. After a 5-or 60-minute delay, infants were shown the familiar video side-by- side with a novel video. Infants exhibited a novelty preference after the 5-minute delay, but not after the 60-minute delay, in the ADS and CTR conditions, and a novelty preference in the IDS condition only after the 60-minute delay. These results are the first to suggest that exposure to IDS affects infants’ long-term memory, even in non-linguistic animals.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d9be9f3a6004dc1115023f1f61e457ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53895099,"asset_id":33926687,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895099/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33926687"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33926687"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926687; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926687]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926687]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926687; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33926687']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33926687, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d9be9f3a6004dc1115023f1f61e457ec" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33926687]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33926687,"title":"Who's my little monkey? Effects of infant-directed speech on visual retention in infant rhesus macaques","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Both human and nonhuman primate adults use infant-directed facial and vocal expressions across many contexts when interacting with infants (e.g., feeding, playing). This infant-oriented style of communication, known as infant-directed speech (IDS), seems to benefit human infants in numerous ways, including facilitating language acquisition. Given the variety of contexts in which adults use IDS, we hypothesized that IDS supports learning beyond the linguistic domain and that these benefits may extend to nonhuman primates. We exposed 2.5-month-old rhesus macaque infants (N = 15) to IDS, adult-directed speech (ADS), and a non-social control (CTR) during a video presentation of unrelated stimuli. After a 5-or 60-minute delay, infants were shown the familiar video side-by- side with a novel video. Infants exhibited a novelty preference after the 5-minute delay, but not after the 60-minute delay, in the ADS and CTR conditions, and a novelty preference in the IDS condition only after the 60-minute delay. These results are the first to suggest that exposure to IDS affects infants’ long-term memory, even in non-linguistic animals."},"translated_abstract":"Both human and nonhuman primate adults use infant-directed facial and vocal expressions across many contexts when interacting with infants (e.g., feeding, playing). This infant-oriented style of communication, known as infant-directed speech (IDS), seems to benefit human infants in numerous ways, including facilitating language acquisition. Given the variety of contexts in which adults use IDS, we hypothesized that IDS supports learning beyond the linguistic domain and that these benefits may extend to nonhuman primates. We exposed 2.5-month-old rhesus macaque infants (N = 15) to IDS, adult-directed speech (ADS), and a non-social control (CTR) during a video presentation of unrelated stimuli. After a 5-or 60-minute delay, infants were shown the familiar video side-by- side with a novel video. Infants exhibited a novelty preference after the 5-minute delay, but not after the 60-minute delay, in the ADS and CTR conditions, and a novelty preference in the IDS condition only after the 60-minute delay. These results are the first to suggest that exposure to IDS affects infants’ long-term memory, even in non-linguistic animals.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33926687/Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant_directed_speech_on_visual_retention_in_infant_rhesus_macaques","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-18T12:48:34.362-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53895099,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895099/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Slonecker_et_al__2017_-_Whos_my_little_monkey.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895099/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53895099/Slonecker_et_al__2017_-_Whos_my_little_monkey-libre.pdf?1500407625=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=XJwhbMGCY-5oNVcgKvYgk6tiKitWiWENJ5x9GyyOunyyPSrf722cMHxFKyr2yoORv9VNsaCe5LMAS5UJ-OOPDuKCSb0el2YB6JMgWy8OYWE4QJkhR7UiJnvoGkPi~p3l-9xNAnBeTCBWTl0QO9eIwbozjp2r18UcvNAYMdTxC1cy1P0zdIj2rhRrppKOOXIrv7MFTEYkCWdTqIU~IxP83G60H-EKkgCUdKCiqv7ezMrigGsy23d0CbdC0GWe93luz0MUeFMN9IFzL65Jo7QWWgdTDw3vt1Gnr69t2P3MKQSEVrxAraT6IGuaOTtXemY2TYqhKDfIgkOSTtV2ZOjOCw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant_directed_speech_on_visual_retention_in_infant_rhesus_macaques","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":53895099,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895099/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Slonecker_et_al__2017_-_Whos_my_little_monkey.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895099/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53895099/Slonecker_et_al__2017_-_Whos_my_little_monkey-libre.pdf?1500407625=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=XJwhbMGCY-5oNVcgKvYgk6tiKitWiWENJ5x9GyyOunyyPSrf722cMHxFKyr2yoORv9VNsaCe5LMAS5UJ-OOPDuKCSb0el2YB6JMgWy8OYWE4QJkhR7UiJnvoGkPi~p3l-9xNAnBeTCBWTl0QO9eIwbozjp2r18UcvNAYMdTxC1cy1P0zdIj2rhRrppKOOXIrv7MFTEYkCWdTqIU~IxP83G60H-EKkgCUdKCiqv7ezMrigGsy23d0CbdC0GWe93luz0MUeFMN9IFzL65Jo7QWWgdTDw3vt1Gnr69t2P3MKQSEVrxAraT6IGuaOTtXemY2TYqhKDfIgkOSTtV2ZOjOCw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":139777,"name":"Infant Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Learning"},{"id":183646,"name":"Infant-directed speech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant-directed_speech"},{"id":365459,"name":"Macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaques"},{"id":548543,"name":"Motherese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motherese"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33926663"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926663/Preference_for_facial_averageness_Evidence_for_a_common_mechanism_in_human_and_macaque_infants"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Preference for facial averageness: Evidence for a common mechanism in human and macaque infants" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895075/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926663/Preference_for_facial_averageness_Evidence_for_a_common_mechanism_in_human_and_macaque_infants">Preference for facial averageness: Evidence for a common mechanism in human and macaque infants</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Human adults and infants show a preference for average faces, which could stem from a general pro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Human adults and infants show a preference for average faces, which could stem from a general processing mechanism and may be shared among primates. However, little is known about preference for facial averageness in monkeys. We used a comparative developmental approach and eye-tracking methodology to assess visual attention in human and macaque infants to faces naturally varying in their distance from a prototypical face. In Experiment 1, we examined the preference for faces relatively close to or far from the prototype in 12-month-old human infants with human adult female faces. Infants preferred faces closer to the average than faces farther from it. In Experiment 2, we measured the looking time of 3-month-old rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) viewing macaque faces varying in their distance from the prototype. Like human infants, macaque infants looked longer to faces closer to the average. In Experiments 3 and 4, both species were presented with unfamiliar categories of faces (i.e., macaque infants tested with adult macaque faces; human infants and adults tested with infant macaque faces) and showed no prototype preferences, suggesting that the prototypicality effect is experience-dependent. Overall, the findings suggest a common processing mechanism across species, leading to averageness preferences in primates.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b91a018ed223722fc28647787606453" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53895075,"asset_id":33926663,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895075/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33926663"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33926663"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926663; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926663]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926663]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926663; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33926663']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33926663, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0b91a018ed223722fc28647787606453" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33926663]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33926663,"title":"Preference for facial averageness: Evidence for a common mechanism in human and macaque infants","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Human adults and infants show a preference for average faces, which could stem from a general processing mechanism and may be shared among primates. However, little is known about preference for facial averageness in monkeys. We used a comparative developmental approach and eye-tracking methodology to assess visual attention in human and macaque infants to faces naturally varying in their distance from a prototypical face. In Experiment 1, we examined the preference for faces relatively close to or far from the prototype in 12-month-old human infants with human adult female faces. Infants preferred faces closer to the average than faces farther from it. In Experiment 2, we measured the looking time of 3-month-old rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) viewing macaque faces varying in their distance from the prototype. Like human infants, macaque infants looked longer to faces closer to the average. In Experiments 3 and 4, both species were presented with unfamiliar categories of faces (i.e., macaque infants tested with adult macaque faces; human infants and adults tested with infant macaque faces) and showed no prototype preferences, suggesting that the prototypicality effect is experience-dependent. Overall, the findings suggest a common processing mechanism across species, leading to averageness preferences in primates. ","ai_title_tag":"Common Mechanisms of Facial Averageness Preference in Infants"},"translated_abstract":"Human adults and infants show a preference for average faces, which could stem from a general processing mechanism and may be shared among primates. However, little is known about preference for facial averageness in monkeys. We used a comparative developmental approach and eye-tracking methodology to assess visual attention in human and macaque infants to faces naturally varying in their distance from a prototypical face. In Experiment 1, we examined the preference for faces relatively close to or far from the prototype in 12-month-old human infants with human adult female faces. Infants preferred faces closer to the average than faces farther from it. In Experiment 2, we measured the looking time of 3-month-old rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) viewing macaque faces varying in their distance from the prototype. Like human infants, macaque infants looked longer to faces closer to the average. In Experiments 3 and 4, both species were presented with unfamiliar categories of faces (i.e., macaque infants tested with adult macaque faces; human infants and adults tested with infant macaque faces) and showed no prototype preferences, suggesting that the prototypicality effect is experience-dependent. Overall, the findings suggest a common processing mechanism across species, leading to averageness preferences in primates. ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33926663/Preference_for_facial_averageness_Evidence_for_a_common_mechanism_in_human_and_macaque_infants","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-18T12:45:03.211-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53895075,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895075/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Damon_et_al__2017_-_Preference_for_facial_averageness-_Evidence_for_a_common_mechanism_in_human_and_macaque_infants.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895075/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Preference_for_facial_averageness_Eviden.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53895075/Damon_et_al__2017_-_Preference_for_facial_averageness-_Evidence_for_a_common_mechanism_in_human_and_macaque_infants-libre.pdf?1500407206=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPreference_for_facial_averageness_Eviden.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=AuF9mG~GbseJcRMT9GtOaxCzmJP~Mqs8oZCewOAiykvkXdDN4-ZAuXv6fNOH0FISL62fIzcShH0l5H8RJU7Onf-sKR0VnIIZ7sEQIwEplUSA6jUF4S2HHn6tB9l87EXbg8OoEdvQ3~-t5408jysBf2qGeRfEjHQ2dnKxLVR6fDS6yJhLz1mNouZHw8ixjwVzovRiaKfV4fbnO30pEfaRoUfpCR-AH6thz9ZEgk9jgAbIKqAoDEY2A8pr8S1d40lRIqi3JcGj~UEcbDongXVXwUMlYcNX8SQg2FYzvPWBwq1URcLXjFNPEBprRHQUNWKz3z8coPUIeH-RWD2JtlcOQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Preference_for_facial_averageness_Evidence_for_a_common_mechanism_in_human_and_macaque_infants","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":53895075,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895075/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Damon_et_al__2017_-_Preference_for_facial_averageness-_Evidence_for_a_common_mechanism_in_human_and_macaque_infants.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895075/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Preference_for_facial_averageness_Eviden.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53895075/Damon_et_al__2017_-_Preference_for_facial_averageness-_Evidence_for_a_common_mechanism_in_human_and_macaque_infants-libre.pdf?1500407206=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPreference_for_facial_averageness_Eviden.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=AuF9mG~GbseJcRMT9GtOaxCzmJP~Mqs8oZCewOAiykvkXdDN4-ZAuXv6fNOH0FISL62fIzcShH0l5H8RJU7Onf-sKR0VnIIZ7sEQIwEplUSA6jUF4S2HHn6tB9l87EXbg8OoEdvQ3~-t5408jysBf2qGeRfEjHQ2dnKxLVR6fDS6yJhLz1mNouZHw8ixjwVzovRiaKfV4fbnO30pEfaRoUfpCR-AH6thz9ZEgk9jgAbIKqAoDEY2A8pr8S1d40lRIqi3JcGj~UEcbDongXVXwUMlYcNX8SQg2FYzvPWBwq1URcLXjFNPEBprRHQUNWKz3z8coPUIeH-RWD2JtlcOQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":32011,"name":"Comparative psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology"},{"id":100928,"name":"Face processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_processing"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":365459,"name":"Macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaques"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="29420" id="researchpapers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95365947"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95365947/Maximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_human_and_macaque_infants_by_optimizing_calibration_and_adjusting_areas_of_interest"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Maximizing valid eye-tracking data in human and macaque infants by optimizing calibration and adjusting areas of interest" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97568518/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95365947/Maximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_human_and_macaque_infants_by_optimizing_calibration_and_adjusting_areas_of_interest">Maximizing valid eye-tracking data in human and macaque infants by optimizing calibration and adjusting areas of interest</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behavior Research Methods</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Remote eye tracking with automated corneal reflection provides insights into the emergence and de...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Remote eye tracking with automated corneal reflection provides insights into the emergence and development of cognitive, social, and emotional functions in human infants and non-human primates. However, because most eye-tracking systems were designed for use in human adults, the accuracy of eye-tracking data collected in other populations is unclear, as are potential approaches to minimize measurement error. For instance, data quality may differ across species or ages, which are necessary considerations for comparative and developmental studies. Here we examined how the calibration method and adjustments to areas of interest (AOIs) of the Tobii TX300 changed the mapping of fixations to AOIs in a cross-species longitudinal study. We tested humans (N = 119) at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 14 months of age and macaques (Macaca mulatta; N = 21) at 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 6 months of age. In all groups, we found improvement in the proportion of AOI hits detected as the number of successful calibration points increased, suggesting calibration approaches with more points may be advantageous. Spatially enlarging and temporally prolonging AOIs increased the number of fixation-AOI mappings, suggesting improvements in capturing infants' gaze behaviors; however, these benefits varied across age groups and species, suggesting different parameters may be ideal, depending on the population studied. In sum, to maximize usable sessions and minimize measurement error, eye-tracking data collection and extraction approaches may need adjustments for the age groups and species studied. Doing so may make it easier to standardize and replicate eye-tracking research findings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c51be7e55239d202c3b5b70f5929aa5b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":97568518,"asset_id":95365947,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97568518/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="95365947"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="95365947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95365947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95365947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95365947]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95365947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='95365947']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 95365947, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c51be7e55239d202c3b5b70f5929aa5b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=95365947]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":95365947,"title":"Maximizing valid eye-tracking data in human and macaque infants by optimizing calibration and adjusting areas of interest","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.3758/s13428-022-02056-3","abstract":"Remote eye tracking with automated corneal reflection provides insights into the emergence and development of cognitive, social, and emotional functions in human infants and non-human primates. However, because most eye-tracking systems were designed for use in human adults, the accuracy of eye-tracking data collected in other populations is unclear, as are potential approaches to minimize measurement error. For instance, data quality may differ across species or ages, which are necessary considerations for comparative and developmental studies. Here we examined how the calibration method and adjustments to areas of interest (AOIs) of the Tobii TX300 changed the mapping of fixations to AOIs in a cross-species longitudinal study. We tested humans (N = 119) at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 14 months of age and macaques (Macaca mulatta; N = 21) at 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 6 months of age. In all groups, we found improvement in the proportion of AOI hits detected as the number of successful calibration points increased, suggesting calibration approaches with more points may be advantageous. Spatially enlarging and temporally prolonging AOIs increased the number of fixation-AOI mappings, suggesting improvements in capturing infants' gaze behaviors; however, these benefits varied across age groups and species, suggesting different parameters may be ideal, depending on the population studied. In sum, to maximize usable sessions and minimize measurement error, eye-tracking data collection and extraction approaches may need adjustments for the age groups and species studied. Doing so may make it easier to standardize and replicate eye-tracking research findings.","ai_title_tag":"Optimizing Eye-Tracking Accuracy in Infants and Macaques","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Behavior Research Methods"},"translated_abstract":"Remote eye tracking with automated corneal reflection provides insights into the emergence and development of cognitive, social, and emotional functions in human infants and non-human primates. However, because most eye-tracking systems were designed for use in human adults, the accuracy of eye-tracking data collected in other populations is unclear, as are potential approaches to minimize measurement error. For instance, data quality may differ across species or ages, which are necessary considerations for comparative and developmental studies. Here we examined how the calibration method and adjustments to areas of interest (AOIs) of the Tobii TX300 changed the mapping of fixations to AOIs in a cross-species longitudinal study. We tested humans (N = 119) at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 14 months of age and macaques (Macaca mulatta; N = 21) at 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 6 months of age. In all groups, we found improvement in the proportion of AOI hits detected as the number of successful calibration points increased, suggesting calibration approaches with more points may be advantageous. Spatially enlarging and temporally prolonging AOIs increased the number of fixation-AOI mappings, suggesting improvements in capturing infants' gaze behaviors; however, these benefits varied across age groups and species, suggesting different parameters may be ideal, depending on the population studied. In sum, to maximize usable sessions and minimize measurement error, eye-tracking data collection and extraction approaches may need adjustments for the age groups and species studied. Doing so may make it easier to standardize and replicate eye-tracking research findings.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95365947/Maximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_human_and_macaque_infants_by_optimizing_calibration_and_adjusting_areas_of_interest","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-01-20T07:28:51.302-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":97568518,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97568518/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Zeng_et_al_2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97568518/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Maximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_hu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97568518/Zeng_et_al_2023-libre.pdf?1674230165=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMaximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_hu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986439\u0026Signature=DuufQhGbq-yFDxc3xQg4-NOjJj~QIDIlmV9cWBdMYhyQzki24q9YD~rISgAkUoTjVUm83Z6ZaYlyzR4-rkGW088zutCPi8mJ9fpd86WqCsUs7slDtw5xIxxQ2bDGvSupihqaBJ-bl7-KkEF0JRXEQMEK7Ji~rDraeu5mcf5JQCm6sTj28HfiS8XIDEoEg-8WspPKhk37k7MRJBqMpVy2eHreZSTsAzrUB9IB~CoV4uTt~QT51GyXMnOttbtT6wPIFjvW1XmT1sa22oEIkY6PD-bA5lILyHAtndyyLdiIXRco0eCo9YWfme04As5qwIkM~NTKKFqiDDPx6sEg6A0jXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Maximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_human_and_macaque_infants_by_optimizing_calibration_and_adjusting_areas_of_interest","translated_slug":"","page_count":27,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":97568518,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97568518/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Zeng_et_al_2023.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97568518/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Maximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_hu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97568518/Zeng_et_al_2023-libre.pdf?1674230165=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMaximizing_valid_eye_tracking_data_in_hu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=bcica0gX2yRR4cMi5q24juJsMOe9Maz8Xl5Vkhc1iUp8gV676qNKpVrMlO~U3IFK~UFISLx2Twym0Rcru2cPIt0KVG2BOgy-OoLH7F0N5sTuednTAtmF3zzDEaHBPBoZ3J4mrR~XuMXKHIvuM-VzmX4t5ql~D54xyXw7qLtywrat2NyxLQcGItwLqaPpiygY63AmlwN8-V7KoVE6ZkfP56xZqiE8zH5bBd7awRhwdphg0dC4xvLs1ulgdWtTuQdlIy~NdeOjBmUJxq0gVvLF6qlwBF4HJ7ome70xwzO-MFSDUXpeKAMQxhGKWN8HvpOKIE7M~X9~4nVckLHVWOpfAg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":8988,"name":"Instrumentation and Measurement Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instrumentation_and_Measurement_Science"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":32011,"name":"Comparative psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates"},{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision"},{"id":172707,"name":"Attentional Orienting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Orienting"},{"id":442068,"name":"Developmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Science"},{"id":976383,"name":"Eye and Gaze Tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_and_Gaze_Tracking"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44426300"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44426300/Prolonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in_Universal_Hearing_Screening_of_Newborns_with_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64842533/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44426300/Prolonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in_Universal_Hearing_Screening_of_Newborns_with_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder">Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Autism Research</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its promise as a biomarker, it is unclear whether healthy newborns who later develop ASD also show ABR abnormalities. In the current study, we extracted ABR data on 139,154 newborns from their Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, including 321 newborns who were later diagnosed with ASD. We found that the ASD newborns had significant prolongations of their ABR phase and V-negative latency compared with the non-ASD newborns. Newborns in the ASD group also exhibited greater variance in their latencies compared to previous studies in older ASD samples, likely due in part to the low intensity of the ABR stimulus. These findings suggest that newborns display neurophysiologi-cal variation associated with ASD at birth. Future studies with higher-intensity stimulus ABRs may allow more accurate predictions of ASD risk, which could augment the universal ABR test that currently screens millions of newborns worldwide. Autism Res 2020, 00: 1-7. Lay Summary: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have slow brain responses to sounds. We examined these brain responses from newborns' hearing tests and found that newborns who were later diagnosed with autism also had slower brain responses to sounds. Future studies might use these findings to better predict autism risk, with a hearing test that is already used on millions of newborns worldwide.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="69c203c7e548d318c912fd306309bd74" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64842533,"asset_id":44426300,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64842533/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44426300"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44426300"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44426300; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44426300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44426300]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44426300; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44426300']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44426300, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "69c203c7e548d318c912fd306309bd74" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44426300]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44426300,"title":"Prolonged Auditory Brainstem Response in Universal Hearing Screening of Newborns with Autism Spectrum Disorder","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1002/aur.2422","abstract":"Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its promise as a biomarker, it is unclear whether healthy newborns who later develop ASD also show ABR abnormalities. In the current study, we extracted ABR data on 139,154 newborns from their Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, including 321 newborns who were later diagnosed with ASD. We found that the ASD newborns had significant prolongations of their ABR phase and V-negative latency compared with the non-ASD newborns. Newborns in the ASD group also exhibited greater variance in their latencies compared to previous studies in older ASD samples, likely due in part to the low intensity of the ABR stimulus. These findings suggest that newborns display neurophysiologi-cal variation associated with ASD at birth. Future studies with higher-intensity stimulus ABRs may allow more accurate predictions of ASD risk, which could augment the universal ABR test that currently screens millions of newborns worldwide. Autism Res 2020, 00: 1-7. Lay Summary: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have slow brain responses to sounds. We examined these brain responses from newborns' hearing tests and found that newborns who were later diagnosed with autism also had slower brain responses to sounds. Future studies might use these findings to better predict autism risk, with a hearing test that is already used on millions of newborns worldwide.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Autism Research"},"translated_abstract":"Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its promise as a biomarker, it is unclear whether healthy newborns who later develop ASD also show ABR abnormalities. In the current study, we extracted ABR data on 139,154 newborns from their Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, including 321 newborns who were later diagnosed with ASD. We found that the ASD newborns had significant prolongations of their ABR phase and V-negative latency compared with the non-ASD newborns. Newborns in the ASD group also exhibited greater variance in their latencies compared to previous studies in older ASD samples, likely due in part to the low intensity of the ABR stimulus. These findings suggest that newborns display neurophysiologi-cal variation associated with ASD at birth. Future studies with higher-intensity stimulus ABRs may allow more accurate predictions of ASD risk, which could augment the universal ABR test that currently screens millions of newborns worldwide. Autism Res 2020, 00: 1-7. Lay Summary: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have slow brain responses to sounds. We examined these brain responses from newborns' hearing tests and found that newborns who were later diagnosed with autism also had slower brain responses to sounds. Future studies might use these findings to better predict autism risk, with a hearing test that is already used on millions of newborns worldwide.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44426300/Prolonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in_Universal_Hearing_Screening_of_Newborns_with_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-11-03T05:48:04.892-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64842533,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64842533/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Miron_et_al_in_press.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64842533/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Prolonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64842533/Miron_et_al_in_press-libre.pdf?1604416338=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DProlonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=GKklXhuYXxeHa16e746XWZSA3rBGDEluSIMnuKid0WeZJwoA3tRvyBv16RI55evYivtFoNR3n6RTFL4IS~8vqbaCh3YfZ8IQ1WdJcptAYvCKXQsR9HUtdjBTzMfIR2aMFaeefK09XFiE5K9HceK6UDH63zKhPw4YlRaHjS-Red1Uy0pyMPrV6f6IGCxRBag~xoRXtdICxa5MI5Yd8bgosxdUHaUXAy-nvBmI-Xo4hY5Q1Psc4Tc1tPAnu4gyK48Sbp2QdmI7juNllP-dY3Qt4FOm9o1FeSUBKKUYF-BqFLOR~Eh5zBxGwmhO1rHVVj6st~h5TYirMu1eKRHSAz2EAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Prolonged_Auditory_Brainstem_Response_in_Universal_Hearing_Screening_of_Newborns_with_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth 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screening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenatal_screening"},{"id":287537,"name":"Newborn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn"},{"id":300557,"name":"Sound Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sound_Processing"},{"id":766434,"name":"Auditory Brainstem Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Auditory_Brainstem_Response"},{"id":898820,"name":"Early Detection of Autism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Detection_of_Autism"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255120"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255120/Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_reproducibility_and_new_insights_in_primate_cognition_research_ManyPrimates"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Collaborative open science as a way to reproducibility and new insights in primate cognition research ManyPrimates" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64629007/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255120/Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_reproducibility_and_new_insights_in_primate_cognition_research_ManyPrimates">Collaborative open science as a way to reproducibility and new insights in primate cognition research ManyPrimates</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Japanese Psychological Review</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The field of primate cognition studies how primates, including humans, perceive, process, store, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The field of primate cognition studies how primates, including humans, perceive, process, store, retrieve, and use information to guide decision making and other behavior. Much of this research is motivated by a desire to understand how these abilities evolved. Large and diverse samples from a wide range of species are vital to achieving this goal. In reality, however, primate cognition research suffers from small sample sizes and is often limited to a handful of species, which constrains the evolutionary inferences we can draw. We conducted a systematic review of primate cognition research published between 2014 and 2019 to quantify the extent of this problem. Across 574 studies, the median sample size was 7 individuals. Less than 15% of primate species were studied at all, and only 19% of studies included more than one species. Further, the species that were studied varied widely in how much research attention they received, partly because a small number of test sites contributed most of the studies. These results suggest that the generalizability of primate cognition studies may be severely limited. Publication bias, questionable research practices, and a lack of replication attempts may exacerbate these problems. We describe the ManyPrimates project as one approach to overcoming some of these issues by establishing an infrastructure for large-scale collaboration in primate cognition research. Building on similar initiatives in other areas of psychology, this approach has already yielded one of the largest and most diverse primate samples to date and enables us to ask many research questions that can only be addressed through collaboration.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f378a798ffd67d067987a3f48ef5d520" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64629007,"asset_id":44255120,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64629007/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255120"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255120"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255120; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255120]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255120]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255120; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44255120']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44255120, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f378a798ffd67d067987a3f48ef5d520" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44255120]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44255120,"title":"Collaborative open science as a way to reproducibility and new insights in primate cognition research ManyPrimates","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The field of primate cognition studies how primates, including humans, perceive, process, store, retrieve, and use information to guide decision making and other behavior. Much of this research is motivated by a desire to understand how these abilities evolved. Large and diverse samples from a wide range of species are vital to achieving this goal. In reality, however, primate cognition research suffers from small sample sizes and is often limited to a handful of species, which constrains the evolutionary inferences we can draw. We conducted a systematic review of primate cognition research published between 2014 and 2019 to quantify the extent of this problem. Across 574 studies, the median sample size was 7 individuals. Less than 15% of primate species were studied at all, and only 19% of studies included more than one species. Further, the species that were studied varied widely in how much research attention they received, partly because a small number of test sites contributed most of the studies. These results suggest that the generalizability of primate cognition studies may be severely limited. Publication bias, questionable research practices, and a lack of replication attempts may exacerbate these problems. We describe the ManyPrimates project as one approach to overcoming some of these issues by establishing an infrastructure for large-scale collaboration in primate cognition research. Building on similar initiatives in other areas of psychology, this approach has already yielded one of the largest and most diverse primate samples to date and enables us to ask many research questions that can only be addressed through collaboration.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Japanese Psychological Review"},"translated_abstract":"The field of primate cognition studies how primates, including humans, perceive, process, store, retrieve, and use information to guide decision making and other behavior. Much of this research is motivated by a desire to understand how these abilities evolved. Large and diverse samples from a wide range of species are vital to achieving this goal. In reality, however, primate cognition research suffers from small sample sizes and is often limited to a handful of species, which constrains the evolutionary inferences we can draw. We conducted a systematic review of primate cognition research published between 2014 and 2019 to quantify the extent of this problem. Across 574 studies, the median sample size was 7 individuals. Less than 15% of primate species were studied at all, and only 19% of studies included more than one species. Further, the species that were studied varied widely in how much research attention they received, partly because a small number of test sites contributed most of the studies. These results suggest that the generalizability of primate cognition studies may be severely limited. Publication bias, questionable research practices, and a lack of replication attempts may exacerbate these problems. We describe the ManyPrimates project as one approach to overcoming some of these issues by establishing an infrastructure for large-scale collaboration in primate cognition research. Building on similar initiatives in other areas of psychology, this approach has already yielded one of the largest and most diverse primate samples to date and enables us to ask many research questions that can only be addressed through collaboration.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44255120/Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_reproducibility_and_new_insights_in_primate_cognition_research_ManyPrimates","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-08T08:49:49.676-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64629007,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64629007/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ManyPrimates.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64629007/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_r.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64629007/ManyPrimates.pdf?1602172179=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCollaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_r.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=UiTDxpapCqeANPyI9~RoOWjUay21lxaJJ7u8ax5jz2-8f0oiXCO7Id1zphM5T7SCJNA-Ksy-8Hl-w9RWIw8ev0Z6ID~9jSL7XzI24Vg5Vq-5DT9iMmW2LR2vgpd6wkJ2WOfMQPj6t6hBiOrBie~p7Luom54JzhMsR--OEQU~gaZI3ABRIOGAB--n6tpvHmwoCvPBvasUEJze~ns3svWlgApWFHpf2CsPtYFkAY5KXiyJVLIyu0WZSl7rB44ddH8cRnOnwCxhkSdGIRmwxZE-QDZ1JQ4tY51j0ujidNMdaN6kx4EHVLEZW2SlzoKRFrSAH6ik13JLB-aHIeHbXY9S~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_reproducibility_and_new_insights_in_primate_cognition_research_ManyPrimates","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":64629007,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64629007/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ManyPrimates.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64629007/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Collaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_r.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64629007/ManyPrimates.pdf?1602172179=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCollaborative_open_science_as_a_way_to_r.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=UiTDxpapCqeANPyI9~RoOWjUay21lxaJJ7u8ax5jz2-8f0oiXCO7Id1zphM5T7SCJNA-Ksy-8Hl-w9RWIw8ev0Z6ID~9jSL7XzI24Vg5Vq-5DT9iMmW2LR2vgpd6wkJ2WOfMQPj6t6hBiOrBie~p7Luom54JzhMsR--OEQU~gaZI3ABRIOGAB--n6tpvHmwoCvPBvasUEJze~ns3svWlgApWFHpf2CsPtYFkAY5KXiyJVLIyu0WZSl7rB44ddH8cRnOnwCxhkSdGIRmwxZE-QDZ1JQ4tY51j0ujidNMdaN6kx4EHVLEZW2SlzoKRFrSAH6ik13JLB-aHIeHbXY9S~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology"},{"id":2069,"name":"Primatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primatology"},{"id":11347,"name":"Animal Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Cognition"},{"id":32011,"name":"Comparative psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology"},{"id":68952,"name":"Primate Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Cognition"},{"id":130120,"name":"Cognitive Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Evolution"},{"id":374622,"name":"Replication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Replication"},{"id":1777631,"name":"Metascience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metascience"},{"id":2688807,"name":"sampling bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/sampling_bias"},{"id":2845911,"name":"Nonhuman Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonhuman_Primates"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255090"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255090/Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_personality_and_subjective_well_being"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) personality and subjective well-being" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628983/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255090/Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_personality_and_subjective_well_being">Infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) personality and subjective well-being</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS ONE</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Infant temperament is theorized to lay the foundation for adult personality; however, many questi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Infant temperament is theorized to lay the foundation for adult personality; however, many questions remain regarding personality in infancy, including the number of dimensions, extent to which they are adult-like, and their relation to other outcomes, such as mental and physical health. Here we tested whether adult-like personality dimensions are already present in infancy in a nonhuman primate species. We measured personality and subjective well-being in 7-month-old rhesus macaques (N = 55) using the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire and Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire, both of which were developed for adult primates based on human measures. Multiple human raters, who provided infants with daily care since birth, independently rated each infant. We found high inter-rater reliability. Results from a parallel analysis and scree plot indicated a five component structure, which, using principal components analysis, we found to be comprised of dimensions relating to Openness (e.g., curiosity, inquisitive, playfulness), Assertiveness (e.g., dominance, bullying, aggressive), Anxiety (e.g., vigilance, fearful), Friendliness (e.g., sociable, affectionate, sympathetic), and Intellect (e.g., organized, not erratic). These components are largely analogous to those in adult macaques, suggesting remarkably stable structural personality components across the lifespan. Infant macaques’ subjective well-being positively correlates with Openness and Assertiveness and negatively correlated with Anxiety, similar to findings in adult macaques and other primates. Together, these findings suggest that, in macaques, infant personality dimensions may be conceptually related to adult personality and challenge the view that infant temperament may be disorganized and not as meaningful as adult personality. Further research is necessary to explore the antecedents, predictive validity, and stability of these personality components across situations and with development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47f9705490ea6a05c32f62b3f031b211" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64628983,"asset_id":44255090,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628983/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255090"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255090"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255090; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255090]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255090; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44255090']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44255090, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "47f9705490ea6a05c32f62b3f031b211" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44255090]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44255090,"title":"Infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) personality and subjective well-being","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0226747","abstract":"Infant temperament is theorized to lay the foundation for adult personality; however, many questions remain regarding personality in infancy, including the number of dimensions, extent to which they are adult-like, and their relation to other outcomes, such as mental and physical health. Here we tested whether adult-like personality dimensions are already present in infancy in a nonhuman primate species. We measured personality and subjective well-being in 7-month-old rhesus macaques (N = 55) using the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire and Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire, both of which were developed for adult primates based on human measures. Multiple human raters, who provided infants with daily care since birth, independently rated each infant. We found high inter-rater reliability. Results from a parallel analysis and scree plot indicated a five component structure, which, using principal components analysis, we found to be comprised of dimensions relating to Openness (e.g., curiosity, inquisitive, playfulness), Assertiveness (e.g., dominance, bullying, aggressive), Anxiety (e.g., vigilance, fearful), Friendliness (e.g., sociable, affectionate, sympathetic), and Intellect (e.g., organized, not erratic). These components are largely analogous to those in adult macaques, suggesting remarkably stable structural personality components across the lifespan. Infant macaques’ subjective well-being positively correlates with Openness and Assertiveness and negatively correlated with Anxiety, similar to findings in adult macaques and other primates. Together, these findings suggest that, in macaques, infant personality dimensions may be conceptually related to adult personality and challenge the view that infant temperament may be disorganized and not as meaningful as adult personality. Further research is necessary to explore the antecedents, predictive validity, and stability of these personality components across situations and with development.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLOS ONE"},"translated_abstract":"Infant temperament is theorized to lay the foundation for adult personality; however, many questions remain regarding personality in infancy, including the number of dimensions, extent to which they are adult-like, and their relation to other outcomes, such as mental and physical health. Here we tested whether adult-like personality dimensions are already present in infancy in a nonhuman primate species. We measured personality and subjective well-being in 7-month-old rhesus macaques (N = 55) using the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire and Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire, both of which were developed for adult primates based on human measures. Multiple human raters, who provided infants with daily care since birth, independently rated each infant. We found high inter-rater reliability. Results from a parallel analysis and scree plot indicated a five component structure, which, using principal components analysis, we found to be comprised of dimensions relating to Openness (e.g., curiosity, inquisitive, playfulness), Assertiveness (e.g., dominance, bullying, aggressive), Anxiety (e.g., vigilance, fearful), Friendliness (e.g., sociable, affectionate, sympathetic), and Intellect (e.g., organized, not erratic). These components are largely analogous to those in adult macaques, suggesting remarkably stable structural personality components across the lifespan. Infant macaques’ subjective well-being positively correlates with Openness and Assertiveness and negatively correlated with Anxiety, similar to findings in adult macaques and other primates. Together, these findings suggest that, in macaques, infant personality dimensions may be conceptually related to adult personality and challenge the view that infant temperament may be disorganized and not as meaningful as adult personality. Further research is necessary to explore the antecedents, predictive validity, and stability of these personality components across situations and with development.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44255090/Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_personality_and_subjective_well_being","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-08T08:45:38.636-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64628983,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628983/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson et al, 2019 - Infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) personality and subjective well-being.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628983/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_per.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628983/Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Infant_rhesus_macaque_%28Macaca_mulatta%29_personality_and_subjective_well-being-libre.pdf?1602176743=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInfant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_per.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=M61lk~6DVE3TaDmk~GNNFKARe3Zj0UMVP1Bbg8oMzJKji8-5XSnvvWimi~Yq0bqFumM5w22sSi7Go4d9qccdlz1sS3-8iN7RaJSBPsUpnlcLJupOp8qgaxAkLtAZgQd~n6lRRZgFQTWC1J6sIQKO26iqz03wTaNENKHrZXovoSm~awS2veBziMtdBGPSVPHryvB4UFAW5yXVPDaIjKIHYe05Plk1MTpVHhAxjTp6k85jeBLXbPXS7NtT5CwKCZXqUUpcDXuO93lfUTCpxGC2qv1o~nNdkwxbDpKZpZeFckByAacgspAO6yXcc~qpnPTFQJtTNzf1bp~QRdpnB9w7xw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_personality_and_subjective_well_being","translated_slug":"","page_count":1,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":64628983,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628983/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson et al, 2019 - Infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) personality and subjective well-being.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628983/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Infant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_per.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628983/Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Infant_rhesus_macaque_%28Macaca_mulatta%29_personality_and_subjective_well-being-libre.pdf?1602176743=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInfant_rhesus_macaque_Macaca_mulatta_per.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=M61lk~6DVE3TaDmk~GNNFKARe3Zj0UMVP1Bbg8oMzJKji8-5XSnvvWimi~Yq0bqFumM5w22sSi7Go4d9qccdlz1sS3-8iN7RaJSBPsUpnlcLJupOp8qgaxAkLtAZgQd~n6lRRZgFQTWC1J6sIQKO26iqz03wTaNENKHrZXovoSm~awS2veBziMtdBGPSVPHryvB4UFAW5yXVPDaIjKIHYe05Plk1MTpVHhAxjTp6k85jeBLXbPXS7NtT5CwKCZXqUUpcDXuO93lfUTCpxGC2qv1o~nNdkwxbDpKZpZeFckByAacgspAO6yXcc~qpnPTFQJtTNzf1bp~QRdpnB9w7xw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality"},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior"},{"id":9964,"name":"Well-Being","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Well-Being"},{"id":12204,"name":"Animal Welfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Welfare"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":30048,"name":"Individual Differences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individual_Differences"},{"id":32011,"name":"Comparative psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology"},{"id":36621,"name":"Happiness and Well Being","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Happiness_and_Well_Being"},{"id":102086,"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_and_Individual_Differences"},{"id":134348,"name":"Temperament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperament"},{"id":365459,"name":"Macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaques"},{"id":1770729,"name":"Nonhuman Primate Animal Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonhuman_Primate_Animal_Models"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255070"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255070/Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Face detection in 2-to 6-month-old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628960/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255070/Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species">Face detection in 2-to 6-month-old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Science</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to ident...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2e88e39d41264210702c6b6e03fd9c67" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64628960,"asset_id":44255070,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628960/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255070"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255070"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255070; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255070]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255070]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255070; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44255070']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44255070, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2e88e39d41264210702c6b6e03fd9c67" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44255070]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44255070,"title":"Face detection in 2-to 6-month-old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/desc.12902","abstract":"Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.","ai_title_tag":"Influence of Gaze Direction and Species on Infant Face Detection","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Science"},"translated_abstract":"Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44255070/Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-08T08:40:19.868-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64628960,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628960/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson et al, 2020 - Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628960/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infan.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628960/Simpson_et_al__2020_-_Face_detection_in_2%E2%80%90_to_6%E2%80%90month%E2%80%90old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species-libre.pdf?1602176749=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFace_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infan.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=OnAS2Hw-VxOlfPn2RtwkZR6DOamOOQf7OPSALwYAKJMJY4xkj7vapVKbWues4A9RdTJWrnvZWiIDUnhalUucMTSb18PSQ2TnnxmyK9UNPNa3~Knr-RRWXh1pGAa-YKgjSAK-arNgsKgXAhOQPgcvyTiswhZ2G-sOPx1R6980ZwZjb7q1UOHrhMQSyEQqTZcKwp1yaVKmPEfeH8zGJf0~umrP7AkemZ4uHFEKWjvgPa44mGyR0q1AmiTYEtrBwScLE4LQJ0YQNvduPt69PVXW0FMdDGRMJdyNhG~OkDn-5b81lMkaHFA~mftiDUlXY552I9DX5juLBjigJpnPRGjCQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":64628960,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628960/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson et al, 2020 - Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628960/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Face_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infan.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628960/Simpson_et_al__2020_-_Face_detection_in_2%E2%80%90_to_6%E2%80%90month%E2%80%90old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species-libre.pdf?1602176749=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFace_detection_in_2_to_6_month_old_infan.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=OnAS2Hw-VxOlfPn2RtwkZR6DOamOOQf7OPSALwYAKJMJY4xkj7vapVKbWues4A9RdTJWrnvZWiIDUnhalUucMTSb18PSQ2TnnxmyK9UNPNa3~Knr-RRWXh1pGAa-YKgjSAK-arNgsKgXAhOQPgcvyTiswhZ2G-sOPx1R6980ZwZjb7q1UOHrhMQSyEQqTZcKwp1yaVKmPEfeH8zGJf0~umrP7AkemZ4uHFEKWjvgPa44mGyR0q1AmiTYEtrBwScLE4LQJ0YQNvduPt69PVXW0FMdDGRMJdyNhG~OkDn-5b81lMkaHFA~mftiDUlXY552I9DX5juLBjigJpnPRGjCQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":17081,"name":"Attentional Capture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Capture"},{"id":23859,"name":"Joint attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Joint_attention"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":43971,"name":"Face Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_Detection"},{"id":51533,"name":"Visual Search","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Search"},{"id":60311,"name":"Sociality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociality"},{"id":100928,"name":"Face processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_processing"},{"id":318994,"name":"Eye Contact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Contact"},{"id":442068,"name":"Developmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Science"},{"id":628583,"name":"Social Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Behavior-1"},{"id":976383,"name":"Eye and Gaze Tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_and_Gaze_Tracking"},{"id":1986474,"name":"Own Species Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Own_Species_Bias"},{"id":3210775,"name":"Social Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Attention"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255037"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255037/Quantifying_Sources_of_Variability_in_Infancy_Research_Using_the_Infant_Directed_Speech_Preference"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628921/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255037/Quantifying_Sources_of_Variability_in_Infancy_Research_Using_the_Infant_Directed_Speech_Preference">Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. Addressing these concerns, we report on a large-scale, multisite study aimed at (a) assessing the overall replicability of a single theoretically important phenomenon and (b) examining methodological, cultural, and developmental moderators. We focus on infants’ preference for infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS). Stimuli of mothers speaking to their infants and to an adult in North American English were created using semi-naturalistic laboratory-based audio recordings. Infants’ relative preference for IDS and ADS was assessed across 67 laboratories in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia using the three common methods for measuring infants’ discrimination (head-turn preference, central fixation, and eye tracking). The overall meta-analytic effect size (Cohen’s d) was 0.35, 95% confidence interval = [0.29, 0.42], which was reliably above zero but smaller than the meta-analytic mean computed from previous literature (0.67). The IDS preference was significantly stronger in older children, in those children for whom the stimuli matched their native language and dialect, and in data from labs using the head-turn preference procedure. Together, these findings replicate the IDS preference but suggest that its magnitude is modulated by development, native-language experience, and testing procedure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a5f08c883591a2c807b582e5a7cc6951" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64628921,"asset_id":44255037,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628921/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255037"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255037"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255037; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255037]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255037]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255037; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44255037']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44255037, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a5f08c883591a2c807b582e5a7cc6951" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44255037]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44255037,"title":"Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1177/2515245919900809","abstract":"Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. Addressing these concerns, we report on a large-scale, multisite study aimed at (a) assessing the overall replicability of a single theoretically important phenomenon and (b) examining methodological, cultural, and developmental moderators. We focus on infants’ preference for infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS). Stimuli of mothers speaking to their infants and to an adult in North American English were created using semi-naturalistic laboratory-based audio recordings. Infants’ relative preference for IDS and ADS was assessed across 67 laboratories in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia using the three common methods for measuring infants’ discrimination (head-turn preference, central fixation, and eye tracking). The overall meta-analytic effect size (Cohen’s d) was 0.35, 95% confidence interval = [0.29, 0.42], which was reliably above zero but smaller than the meta-analytic mean computed from previous literature (0.67). The IDS preference was significantly stronger in older children, in those children for whom the stimuli matched their native language and dialect, and in data from labs using the head-turn preference procedure. Together, these findings replicate the IDS preference but suggest that its magnitude is modulated by development, native-language experience, and testing procedure.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science"},"translated_abstract":"Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. 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The IDS preference was significantly stronger in older children, in those children for whom the stimuli matched their native language and dialect, and in data from labs using the head-turn preference procedure. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255017"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255017/Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628903/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255017/Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli">Human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Psychobiology</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present study explored behavioral norms for infant social attention in typically developing h...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present study explored behavioral norms for infant social attention in typically developing human and nonhuman primate infants. We examined the normative development of attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli longitudinally in macaques (Macaca mulatta) at 1, 3, and 5 months of age (N = 75) and humans at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 13 months of age (N = 69) using eye tracking. All infants viewed concurrently played silent videos—one social video and one nonsocial video. Both macaque and human infants were faster to look to the social than the nonsocial stimulus, and both species grew faster to orient to the social stimulus with age. Further, macaque infants’ social attention increased linearly from 1 to 5 months. In contrast, human infants displayed a nonlinear pattern of social interest, with initially greater attention to the social stimulus, followed by a period of greater interest in the nonsocial stimulus, and then a rise in social interest from 6 to 13 months. Overall, human infants looked longer than macaque infants, suggesting humans have more sustained attention in the first year of life. These findings highlight potential species similarities and differences, and reflect a first step in establishing baseline patterns of early social attention development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c5edd18cccc57213ab71b3bf4cd8ae21" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64628903,"asset_id":44255017,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628903/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255017"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255017"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255017; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44255017]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255017; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44255017']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44255017, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c5edd18cccc57213ab71b3bf4cd8ae21" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44255017]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44255017,"title":"Human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1002/dev.21979","abstract":"The present study explored behavioral norms for infant social attention in typically developing human and nonhuman primate infants. We examined the normative development of attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli longitudinally in macaques (Macaca mulatta) at 1, 3, and 5 months of age (N = 75) and humans at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 13 months of age (N = 69) using eye tracking. All infants viewed concurrently played silent videos—one social video and one nonsocial video. Both macaque and human infants were faster to look to the social than the nonsocial stimulus, and both species grew faster to orient to the social stimulus with age. Further, macaque infants’ social attention increased linearly from 1 to 5 months. In contrast, human infants displayed a nonlinear pattern of social interest, with initially greater attention to the social stimulus, followed by a period of greater interest in the nonsocial stimulus, and then a rise in social interest from 6 to 13 months. Overall, human infants looked longer than macaque infants, suggesting humans have more sustained attention in the first year of life. These findings highlight potential species similarities and differences, and reflect a first step in establishing baseline patterns of early social attention development.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Psychobiology"},"translated_abstract":"The present study explored behavioral norms for infant social attention in typically developing human and nonhuman primate infants. We examined the normative development of attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli longitudinally in macaques (Macaca mulatta) at 1, 3, and 5 months of age (N = 75) and humans at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 13 months of age (N = 69) using eye tracking. All infants viewed concurrently played silent videos—one social video and one nonsocial video. Both macaque and human infants were faster to look to the social than the nonsocial stimulus, and both species grew faster to orient to the social stimulus with age. Further, macaque infants’ social attention increased linearly from 1 to 5 months. In contrast, human infants displayed a nonlinear pattern of social interest, with initially greater attention to the social stimulus, followed by a period of greater interest in the nonsocial stimulus, and then a rise in social interest from 6 to 13 months. Overall, human infants looked longer than macaque infants, suggesting humans have more sustained attention in the first year of life. These findings highlight potential species similarities and differences, and reflect a first step in establishing baseline patterns of early social attention development.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44255017/Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-08T08:31:14.106-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64628903,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628903/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Maylott et al, 2020 - Human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628903/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dyn.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628903/Maylott_et_al__2020_-_Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli-libre.pdf?1602171615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHuman_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dyn.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=CXRvfI1EqxXO8t4gDh~TTlms9DSxNkxtaDPU5QcTtLRlhdIeQsTB45MOxIc7Ggpzv484eJss22Q-Xv9d4QHRMaXMqOM~kgi21YniIdKdkWq6lLCRhFBvvUJJgktcb2XQIr4Lk1kNyMauk7wdJ0Q4TAvGBd5-owi2Dc1mtYXps4okzae43NOnpvSY-zL~LSy4zvgCCKQAEbNw3y8VsN0dW0HpeArjAoFatgem-K92mjAY-JTCVmpRfMqwQToxORAyaH0XSCyX3dPrwH2K-cDOtY~Y5wUcWWEiMmwolmnr1l~5nltIgEMzGy4pcSwxCsbTBGD63JyOfsIV0~7bRA7Lpg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":64628903,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628903/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Maylott et al, 2020 - Human and monkey infant attention to dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628903/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dyn.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628903/Maylott_et_al__2020_-_Human_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dynamic_social_and_nonsocial_stimuli-libre.pdf?1602171615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHuman_and_monkey_infant_attention_to_dyn.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=CXRvfI1EqxXO8t4gDh~TTlms9DSxNkxtaDPU5QcTtLRlhdIeQsTB45MOxIc7Ggpzv484eJss22Q-Xv9d4QHRMaXMqOM~kgi21YniIdKdkWq6lLCRhFBvvUJJgktcb2XQIr4Lk1kNyMauk7wdJ0Q4TAvGBd5-owi2Dc1mtYXps4okzae43NOnpvSY-zL~LSy4zvgCCKQAEbNw3y8VsN0dW0HpeArjAoFatgem-K92mjAY-JTCVmpRfMqwQToxORAyaH0XSCyX3dPrwH2K-cDOtY~Y5wUcWWEiMmwolmnr1l~5nltIgEMzGy4pcSwxCsbTBGD63JyOfsIV0~7bRA7Lpg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":4626,"name":"Social Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognition"},{"id":13886,"name":"Longitudinal Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Research"},{"id":28499,"name":"Face perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_perception"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":32011,"name":"Comparative psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology"},{"id":100928,"name":"Face processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_processing"},{"id":267538,"name":"Social Interest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interest"},{"id":365459,"name":"Macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaques"},{"id":1770729,"name":"Nonhuman Primate Animal Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonhuman_Primate_Animal_Models"},{"id":3210775,"name":"Social Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Attention"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44254933"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44254933/General_and_own_species_attentional_face_biases"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of General and own-species attentional face biases" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628769/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44254933/General_and_own_species_attentional_face_biases">General and own-species attentional face biases</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Humans demonstrate enhanced processing of human faces compared with animal faces, known as own-sp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humans demonstrate enhanced processing of human faces compared with animal faces, known as own-species bias. This bias is important for identifying people who may cause harm, as well as for recognizing friends and kin. However, growing evidence also indicates a more general face bias. Faces have high evolutionary importance beyond conspecific interactions, as they aid in detecting predators and prey. Few studies have explored the interaction of these biases together. In three experiments, we explored processing of human and animal faces, compared with each other and to nonface objects, which allowed us to examine both own-species and broader face biases. We used a dot-probe paradigm to examine human adults’ covert attentional biases for task-irrelevant human faces, animal faces, and objects.We replicated the own-species attentional bias for human faces relative to animal faces. We also found an attentional bias for animal faces relative to objects, consistent with the proposal that faces broadly receive privileged processing. Our findings suggest that humans may be attracted to a broad class of faces. Further, we found that while participants rapidly attended to human faces across all cue display durations, they attended to animal faces only when they had sufficient time to process them. Our findings reveal that the dot-probe paradigm is sensitive for capturing both own-species and more general face biases, and that each has a different attentional signature, possibly reflecting their unique but overlapping evolutionary importance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8882e2fc0a93f581cf0ef3c837227ffa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64628769,"asset_id":44254933,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44254933"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44254933"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44254933; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44254933]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44254933]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44254933; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44254933']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44254933, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8882e2fc0a93f581cf0ef3c837227ffa" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44254933]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44254933,"title":"General and own-species attentional face biases","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.3758/s13414-020-02132-w","abstract":"Humans demonstrate enhanced processing of human faces compared with animal faces, known as own-species bias. This bias is important for identifying people who may cause harm, as well as for recognizing friends and kin. However, growing evidence also indicates a more general face bias. Faces have high evolutionary importance beyond conspecific interactions, as they aid in detecting predators and prey. Few studies have explored the interaction of these biases together. In three experiments, we explored processing of human and animal faces, compared with each other and to nonface objects, which allowed us to examine both own-species and broader face biases. We used a dot-probe paradigm to examine human adults’ covert attentional biases for task-irrelevant human faces, animal faces, and objects.We replicated the own-species attentional bias for human faces relative to animal faces. We also found an attentional bias for animal faces relative to objects, consistent with the proposal that faces broadly receive privileged processing. Our findings suggest that humans may be attracted to a broad class of faces. Further, we found that while participants rapidly attended to human faces across all cue display durations, they attended to animal faces only when they had sufficient time to process them. Our findings reveal that the dot-probe paradigm is sensitive for capturing both own-species and more general face biases, and that each has a different attentional signature, possibly reflecting their unique but overlapping evolutionary importance.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Attention, Perception, \u0026 Psychophysics"},"translated_abstract":"Humans demonstrate enhanced processing of human faces compared with animal faces, known as own-species bias. This bias is important for identifying people who may cause harm, as well as for recognizing friends and kin. However, growing evidence also indicates a more general face bias. Faces have high evolutionary importance beyond conspecific interactions, as they aid in detecting predators and prey. Few studies have explored the interaction of these biases together. In three experiments, we explored processing of human and animal faces, compared with each other and to nonface objects, which allowed us to examine both own-species and broader face biases. We used a dot-probe paradigm to examine human adults’ covert attentional biases for task-irrelevant human faces, animal faces, and objects.We replicated the own-species attentional bias for human faces relative to animal faces. We also found an attentional bias for animal faces relative to objects, consistent with the proposal that faces broadly receive privileged processing. Our findings suggest that humans may be attracted to a broad class of faces. Further, we found that while participants rapidly attended to human faces across all cue display durations, they attended to animal faces only when they had sufficient time to process them. Our findings reveal that the dot-probe paradigm is sensitive for capturing both own-species and more general face biases, and that each has a different attentional signature, possibly reflecting their unique but overlapping evolutionary importance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44254933/General_and_own_species_attentional_face_biases","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-10-08T08:18:53.590-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64628769,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628769/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Jakobsen et al, 2020 - General and own-species attentional face biases.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"General_and_own_species_attentional_face.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628769/Jakobsen_et_al__2020_-_General_and_own-species_attentional_face_biases-libre.pdf?1602171615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGeneral_and_own_species_attentional_face.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=SzIOWM-n-tEtHmXx1fGtuFf2yIaiE6WiRFhxHln91jPp9gfwEYKDlqu9ZbCpKpdOV5~UrBbFRSp1D2U~QyOcxEWwW8GLo9gwmuEumiUgvEm39xfRU2qC0TJyik2HrgFSAjpPeHZUIGc7NQrNXwwfVapXsykLUE4sAB04~tdP2zRpyFDJ8CnvGgj5RSM0e3x84LGqkqPi27PTi323HDlZtOLMRgLtuiUEQkw762sJYuB0tvhVUV6IG431EYH-lYYlEs0R6B8jn3RGD6C60Q5Nk1BV2tu7q-km3hPcrDYmC1aev1061kVwJbFJzDcshcfznrz9R~7VHbDSp6lczXpKcQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"General_and_own_species_attentional_face_biases","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":64628769,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64628769/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Jakobsen et al, 2020 - General and own-species attentional face biases.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64628769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"General_and_own_species_attentional_face.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64628769/Jakobsen_et_al__2020_-_General_and_own-species_attentional_face_biases-libre.pdf?1602171615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGeneral_and_own_species_attentional_face.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986440\u0026Signature=SzIOWM-n-tEtHmXx1fGtuFf2yIaiE6WiRFhxHln91jPp9gfwEYKDlqu9ZbCpKpdOV5~UrBbFRSp1D2U~QyOcxEWwW8GLo9gwmuEumiUgvEm39xfRU2qC0TJyik2HrgFSAjpPeHZUIGc7NQrNXwwfVapXsykLUE4sAB04~tdP2zRpyFDJ8CnvGgj5RSM0e3x84LGqkqPi27PTi323HDlZtOLMRgLtuiUEQkw762sJYuB0tvhVUV6IG431EYH-lYYlEs0R6B8jn3RGD6C60Q5Nk1BV2tu7q-km3hPcrDYmC1aev1061kVwJbFJzDcshcfznrz9R~7VHbDSp6lczXpKcQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":17081,"name":"Attentional Capture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Capture"},{"id":28499,"name":"Face perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_perception"},{"id":98259,"name":"Dot Probe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dot_Probe"},{"id":100928,"name":"Face processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_processing"},{"id":1936771,"name":"Human Face Recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Face_Recognition"},{"id":1986474,"name":"Own Species Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Own_Species_Bias"},{"id":3210775,"name":"Social Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Attention"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40195892"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40195892/Social_touch_alters_newborn_monkey_behavior"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Social touch alters newborn monkey behavior" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60808558/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40195892/Social_touch_alters_newborn_monkey_behavior">Social touch alters newborn monkey behavior</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Infant Behavior and Development</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In humans, infants respond positively to slow, gentle stroking—processed by C-tactile (CT) nerve ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In humans, infants respond positively to slow, gentle stroking—processed by C-tactile (CT) nerve fibers—by showing reductions in stress and increases in eye contact, smiling, and positive vocalizations. More frequent maternal touch is linked to greater activity and connectivity strength in social brain regions, and increases children’s attention to and learning of faces. It has been theorized that touch may prime children for social interactions and set them on a path towards healthy social cognitive development. However, less is known about the effects of touch on young infants’ psychological development, especially in the newborn period, a highly sensitive period of transition with rapid growth in sensory and social processing. It remains untested whether newborns can distinguish CT-targeted touch from other types of touch, or whether there are benefits of touch for newborns’ social, emotional, or cognitive development. In the present study, we experimentally investigated the acute effects of touch in newborn monkeys, a common model for human social development. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), like humans, are highly social, have complex mother-infant interactions with frequent body contact for the first weeks of life, making them an excellent model of infant sociality. Infant monkeys in the present study were reared in a neonatal nursery, enabling control over their early environment, including all caregiver interactions. One-week-old macaque infants (N = 27) participated in three 5-minute counter-balanced caregiver interactions, all with mutual gaze: stroking head and shoulders (CT-targeted touch), stroking palms of hands and soles of feet (Non-CT touch), or no stroking (No-touch). Immediately following the interaction, infants watched social and nonsocial videos and picture arrays including faces and objects, while we tracked their visual attention with remote eye tracking. We found that, during the caregiver interactions, infants behaved differently while being touched compared to the no-touch condition, irrespective of the body part touched. Most notably, in both touch conditions, infants exhibited fewer stress-related behaviors—self-scratching, locomotion, and contact time with a comfort object—compared to when they were not touched. Following CT-targeted touch, infants were faster to orient to the picture arrays compared to the other interaction conditions, suggesting CT-targeted touch may activate or prime infants’ attentional orienting system. In the No-touch condition infants attended longer to the nonsocial compared to the social video, possibly reflecting a baseline preference for nonsocial stimuli. In contrast, in both touch conditions, infants’ looked equally to the social and nonsocial videos, suggesting that touch may influence the types of visual stimuli that hold infants’ attention. Collectively, our results reveal that newborn macaques responded positively to touch, and touch appeared to influence some aspects of their subsequent attention, although we found limited evidence that these effects are mediated by CT fibers. These findings suggest that newborn touch may broadly support infants’ psychological development, and may have early evolutionary roots, shared across primates. This study illustrates the unique insight offered by nonhuman primates for exploring early infant social touch, revealing that touch may positively affect emotional and attentional development as early as the newborn period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b8b32055174a97dd54658916a642153d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60808558,"asset_id":40195892,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60808558/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40195892"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40195892"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40195892; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40195892]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40195892]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40195892; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40195892']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40195892, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b8b32055174a97dd54658916a642153d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40195892]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40195892,"title":"Social touch alters newborn monkey behavior","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101368","issue":"57","abstract":"In humans, infants respond positively to slow, gentle stroking—processed by C-tactile (CT) nerve fibers—by showing reductions in stress and increases in eye contact, smiling, and positive vocalizations. More frequent maternal touch is linked to greater activity and connectivity strength in social brain regions, and increases children’s attention to and learning of faces. It has been theorized that touch may prime children for social interactions and set them on a path towards healthy social cognitive development. However, less is known about the effects of touch on young infants’ psychological development, especially in the newborn period, a highly sensitive period of transition with rapid growth in sensory and social processing. It remains untested whether newborns can distinguish CT-targeted touch from other types of touch, or whether there are benefits of touch for newborns’ social, emotional, or cognitive development. In the present study, we experimentally investigated the acute effects of touch in newborn monkeys, a common model for human social development. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), like humans, are highly social, have complex mother-infant interactions with frequent body contact for the first weeks of life, making them an excellent model of infant sociality. Infant monkeys in the present study were reared in a neonatal nursery, enabling control over their early environment, including all caregiver interactions. One-week-old macaque infants (N = 27) participated in three 5-minute counter-balanced caregiver interactions, all with mutual gaze: stroking head and shoulders (CT-targeted touch), stroking palms of hands and soles of feet (Non-CT touch), or no stroking (No-touch). Immediately following the interaction, infants watched social and nonsocial videos and picture arrays including faces and objects, while we tracked their visual attention with remote eye tracking. We found that, during the caregiver interactions, infants behaved differently while being touched compared to the no-touch condition, irrespective of the body part touched. Most notably, in both touch conditions, infants exhibited fewer stress-related behaviors—self-scratching, locomotion, and contact time with a comfort object—compared to when they were not touched. Following CT-targeted touch, infants were faster to orient to the picture arrays compared to the other interaction conditions, suggesting CT-targeted touch may activate or prime infants’ attentional orienting system. In the No-touch condition infants attended longer to the nonsocial compared to the social video, possibly reflecting a baseline preference for nonsocial stimuli. In contrast, in both touch conditions, infants’ looked equally to the social and nonsocial videos, suggesting that touch may influence the types of visual stimuli that hold infants’ attention. Collectively, our results reveal that newborn macaques responded positively to touch, and touch appeared to influence some aspects of their subsequent attention, although we found limited evidence that these effects are mediated by CT fibers. These findings suggest that newborn touch may broadly support infants’ psychological development, and may have early evolutionary roots, shared across primates. This study illustrates the unique insight offered by nonhuman primates for exploring early infant social touch, revealing that touch may positively affect emotional and attentional development as early as the newborn period. ","page_numbers":"101368","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Infant Behavior and Development"},"translated_abstract":"In humans, infants respond positively to slow, gentle stroking—processed by C-tactile (CT) nerve fibers—by showing reductions in stress and increases in eye contact, smiling, and positive vocalizations. More frequent maternal touch is linked to greater activity and connectivity strength in social brain regions, and increases children’s attention to and learning of faces. It has been theorized that touch may prime children for social interactions and set them on a path towards healthy social cognitive development. However, less is known about the effects of touch on young infants’ psychological development, especially in the newborn period, a highly sensitive period of transition with rapid growth in sensory and social processing. It remains untested whether newborns can distinguish CT-targeted touch from other types of touch, or whether there are benefits of touch for newborns’ social, emotional, or cognitive development. In the present study, we experimentally investigated the acute effects of touch in newborn monkeys, a common model for human social development. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), like humans, are highly social, have complex mother-infant interactions with frequent body contact for the first weeks of life, making them an excellent model of infant sociality. Infant monkeys in the present study were reared in a neonatal nursery, enabling control over their early environment, including all caregiver interactions. One-week-old macaque infants (N = 27) participated in three 5-minute counter-balanced caregiver interactions, all with mutual gaze: stroking head and shoulders (CT-targeted touch), stroking palms of hands and soles of feet (Non-CT touch), or no stroking (No-touch). Immediately following the interaction, infants watched social and nonsocial videos and picture arrays including faces and objects, while we tracked their visual attention with remote eye tracking. We found that, during the caregiver interactions, infants behaved differently while being touched compared to the no-touch condition, irrespective of the body part touched. Most notably, in both touch conditions, infants exhibited fewer stress-related behaviors—self-scratching, locomotion, and contact time with a comfort object—compared to when they were not touched. Following CT-targeted touch, infants were faster to orient to the picture arrays compared to the other interaction conditions, suggesting CT-targeted touch may activate or prime infants’ attentional orienting system. In the No-touch condition infants attended longer to the nonsocial compared to the social video, possibly reflecting a baseline preference for nonsocial stimuli. In contrast, in both touch conditions, infants’ looked equally to the social and nonsocial videos, suggesting that touch may influence the types of visual stimuli that hold infants’ attention. Collectively, our results reveal that newborn macaques responded positively to touch, and touch appeared to influence some aspects of their subsequent attention, although we found limited evidence that these effects are mediated by CT fibers. These findings suggest that newborn touch may broadly support infants’ psychological development, and may have early evolutionary roots, shared across primates. This study illustrates the unique insight offered by nonhuman primates for exploring early infant social touch, revealing that touch may positively affect emotional and attentional development as early as the newborn period. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39047203"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39047203/Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Effects_of_orientation_and_color"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Face detection in infants and adults: Effects of orientation and color" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60808564/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39047203/Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Effects_of_orientation_and_color">Face detection in infants and adults: Effects of orientation and color</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Experimental Child Psychology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Humans rapidly locate and recognize human faces, even in complex environments. In the present stu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Humans rapidly locate and recognize human faces, even in complex environments. In the present study, we explored some of the social and perceptual features of faces that may contribute to this ability. We measured infant and adult attention to complex, heterogeneous image arrays containing human and animal faces. Arrays were upright or inverted 180°, and in color or grayscale. Infants, age 3 to 5 months (n=51) and 10 to 11 months (n=34), viewed 6-item arrays (Experiment 1), while adults (n=120) searched 64-item arrays (Experiment 2). We found that 3- to 5-montholds already displayed strong own-species biases in face detection—in attention capture, attention holding, and overall detection—suggesting a surprisingly early specialization for human face detection. Furthermore, this remarkable ability was robust, evident even when color and orientation were disrupted, and grew stronger with age. Interestingly, infants’ face detection was reduced by low-level manipulations in a species-specific way, negatively impacting only animal face detection, but not affecting human face detection. In contrast, adults’ face detection efficiency was equally reduced by low-level manipulations across species, suggesting potential age differences in own-species face detection. For infants, social relevance (species) may play a more important role than low-level perceptual features, ensuring infants attend to, connect with, and learn from, the people around them. Efficient human face detection in infancy may reflect the uniqueness of own-species faces as a category, perhaps due to their social relevance.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="25442d5ab4430815f5192d4418f1dbea" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60808564,"asset_id":39047203,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60808564/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39047203"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39047203"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39047203; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39047203]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39047203]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39047203; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39047203']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39047203, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "25442d5ab4430815f5192d4418f1dbea" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39047203]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39047203,"title":"Face detection in infants and adults: Effects of orientation and color","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/desc.12902","abstract":"Humans rapidly locate and recognize human faces, even in complex environments. In the present study, we explored some of the social and perceptual features of faces that may contribute to this ability. We measured infant and adult attention to complex, heterogeneous image arrays containing human and animal faces. Arrays were upright or inverted 180°, and in color or grayscale. Infants, age 3 to 5 months (n=51) and 10 to 11 months (n=34), viewed 6-item arrays (Experiment 1), while adults (n=120) searched 64-item arrays (Experiment 2). We found that 3- to 5-montholds already displayed strong own-species biases in face detection—in attention capture, attention holding, and overall detection—suggesting a surprisingly early specialization for human face detection. Furthermore, this remarkable ability was robust, evident even when color and orientation were disrupted, and grew stronger with age. Interestingly, infants’ face detection was reduced by low-level manipulations in a species-specific way, negatively impacting only animal face detection, but not affecting human face detection. In contrast, adults’ face detection efficiency was equally reduced by low-level manipulations across species, suggesting potential age differences in own-species face detection. For infants, social relevance (species) may play a more important role than low-level perceptual features, ensuring infants attend to, connect with, and learn from, the people around them. Efficient human face detection in infancy may reflect the uniqueness of own-species faces as a category, perhaps due to their social relevance.","page_numbers":"e12902","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},"translated_abstract":"Humans rapidly locate and recognize human faces, even in complex environments. In the present study, we explored some of the social and perceptual features of faces that may contribute to this ability. We measured infant and adult attention to complex, heterogeneous image arrays containing human and animal faces. Arrays were upright or inverted 180°, and in color or grayscale. Infants, age 3 to 5 months (n=51) and 10 to 11 months (n=34), viewed 6-item arrays (Experiment 1), while adults (n=120) searched 64-item arrays (Experiment 2). We found that 3- to 5-montholds already displayed strong own-species biases in face detection—in attention capture, attention holding, and overall detection—suggesting a surprisingly early specialization for human face detection. Furthermore, this remarkable ability was robust, evident even when color and orientation were disrupted, and grew stronger with age. Interestingly, infants’ face detection was reduced by low-level manipulations in a species-specific way, negatively impacting only animal face detection, but not affecting human face detection. In contrast, adults’ face detection efficiency was equally reduced by low-level manipulations across species, suggesting potential age differences in own-species face detection. For infants, social relevance (species) may play a more important role than low-level perceptual features, ensuring infants attend to, connect with, and learn from, the people around them. Efficient human face detection in infancy may reflect the uniqueness of own-species faces as a category, perhaps due to their social relevance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39047203/Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Effects_of_orientation_and_color","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-05-07T10:15:18.724-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60808564,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60808564/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Face_detection_in_2-_to_6-month-old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60808564/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Eff.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60808564/Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Face_detection_in_2-_to_6-month-old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species-libre.pdf?1570314916=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFace_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Eff.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=NyzFHXYLpJTa8DiSsyqxyturE5Ub3kozuCpoDa18d8GvY-YJFm6h10ssjrvdacvmU6ZNHnEh1oNqRipcD0G-rW4ZKUY7NiqfqysUnzb-7r0NUmHFplBDLX2w1zqVdADw47qppSMjQvOBD3BkzR8r0igp~ojzyMIQi7STJhw-p8aOEb-8kUgiBL2cIB~78TtYWc-PBuO17QRPE422P6E5WuxbvSGnOXaSrmaliaG6TAB19EV7vSL2ozMid-sSrQpmvc~p37XD7TNTM--1RGzd2GdnblDRJLynsnuB66I4EbMZa7cw06up-2fbCfT-n3yO-EwZ6KR5vvMvSwJxMte9mg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Effects_of_orientation_and_color","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":60808564,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60808564/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Face_detection_in_2-_to_6-month-old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60808564/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Face_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Eff.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60808564/Simpson_et_al__2019_-_Face_detection_in_2-_to_6-month-old_infants_is_influenced_by_gaze_direction_and_species-libre.pdf?1570314916=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFace_detection_in_infants_and_adults_Eff.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=NyzFHXYLpJTa8DiSsyqxyturE5Ub3kozuCpoDa18d8GvY-YJFm6h10ssjrvdacvmU6ZNHnEh1oNqRipcD0G-rW4ZKUY7NiqfqysUnzb-7r0NUmHFplBDLX2w1zqVdADw47qppSMjQvOBD3BkzR8r0igp~ojzyMIQi7STJhw-p8aOEb-8kUgiBL2cIB~78TtYWc-PBuO17QRPE422P6E5WuxbvSGnOXaSrmaliaG6TAB19EV7vSL2ozMid-sSrQpmvc~p37XD7TNTM--1RGzd2GdnblDRJLynsnuB66I4EbMZa7cw06up-2fbCfT-n3yO-EwZ6KR5vvMvSwJxMte9mg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception"},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":43971,"name":"Face Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_Detection"},{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior"},{"id":100928,"name":"Face processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_processing"},{"id":1986474,"name":"Own Species Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Own_Species_Bias"},{"id":3210775,"name":"Social Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Attention"}],"urls":[{"id":8864873,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/desc.12902"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843395"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843395/Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory_cognitive_and_social_behaviors"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Handling newborn monkeys alters later exploratory, cognitive, and social behaviors" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937787/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843395/Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory_cognitive_and_social_behaviors">Handling newborn monkeys alters later exploratory, cognitive, and social behaviors</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Touch is one of the first senses to develop and one of the earliest modalities for infant-caregiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Touch is one of the first senses to develop and one of the earliest modalities for infant-caregiver communication. While studies have explored the benefits of infant touch in terms of physical health and growth, the effects of social touch on infant behavior are relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated the influence of neonatal handling on a variety of domains, including memory, novelty seeking, and social interest, in infant monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 48) from 2 to 12 weeks of age. Neonates were randomly assigned to receive extra holding, with or without accompanying face-to-face interactions. Extra-handled infants, compared to standard-reared infants, exhibited less stress-related behavior and more locomotion around a novel environment, faster approach of novel objects, better working memory, and less fear towards a novel social partner. In sum, infants who received more tactile stimulation in the neonatal period subsequently demonstrated more advanced motor, social, and cognitive skills-particularly in contexts involving exploration of novelty-in the first three months of life. These data suggest that social touch may support behavioral development, offering promising possibilities for designing future early interventions, particularly for infants who are at heightened risk for social disorders.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a49e19b5ff5343dc7e79c3c921b882a0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937787,"asset_id":38843395,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937787/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843395"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843395"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843395; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843395]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843395]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843395; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843395']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843395, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a49e19b5ff5343dc7e79c3c921b882a0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843395]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843395,"title":"Handling newborn monkeys alters later exploratory, cognitive, and social behaviors","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2017.07.010","abstract":"Touch is one of the first senses to develop and one of the earliest modalities for infant-caregiver communication. While studies have explored the benefits of infant touch in terms of physical health and growth, the effects of social touch on infant behavior are relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated the influence of neonatal handling on a variety of domains, including memory, novelty seeking, and social interest, in infant monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 48) from 2 to 12 weeks of age. Neonates were randomly assigned to receive extra holding, with or without accompanying face-to-face interactions. Extra-handled infants, compared to standard-reared infants, exhibited less stress-related behavior and more locomotion around a novel environment, faster approach of novel objects, better working memory, and less fear towards a novel social partner. In sum, infants who received more tactile stimulation in the neonatal period subsequently demonstrated more advanced motor, social, and cognitive skills-particularly in contexts involving exploration of novelty-in the first three months of life. These data suggest that social touch may support behavioral development, offering promising possibilities for designing future early interventions, particularly for infants who are at heightened risk for social disorders.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},"translated_abstract":"Touch is one of the first senses to develop and one of the earliest modalities for infant-caregiver communication. While studies have explored the benefits of infant touch in terms of physical health and growth, the effects of social touch on infant behavior are relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated the influence of neonatal handling on a variety of domains, including memory, novelty seeking, and social interest, in infant monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 48) from 2 to 12 weeks of age. Neonates were randomly assigned to receive extra holding, with or without accompanying face-to-face interactions. Extra-handled infants, compared to standard-reared infants, exhibited less stress-related behavior and more locomotion around a novel environment, faster approach of novel objects, better working memory, and less fear towards a novel social partner. In sum, infants who received more tactile stimulation in the neonatal period subsequently demonstrated more advanced motor, social, and cognitive skills-particularly in contexts involving exploration of novelty-in the first three months of life. These data suggest that social touch may support behavioral development, offering promising possibilities for designing future early interventions, particularly for infants who are at heightened risk for social disorders.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38843395/Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory_cognitive_and_social_behaviors","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-17T15:24:30.523-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937787,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937787/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory__cognitive__and_social_behaviors.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937787/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_ex.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937787/Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory__cognitive__and_social_behaviors-libre.pdf?1555549022=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHandling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_ex.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=QL3uwwzhGTE1NcZsWuhPE9J6YRKQjtHd2x1dBViFkLOyW1aBnocp387F4P2370RWNosu-p~irT~NwyqYsPmMiII22Utu~WY6off4yRYQdQaf8I3eB7AVvVPo4EYHH4GYZjbIAbKcXVMmFcByA~UhU~TH8iAaTIKuyf3AnLliDwbG341FRTpjQzn8HyvjbxMNITOCxGrzMl-fI53x5~Yww1XKCZBPzpBbWxqTUA3J8GE2MEUMqwOehhnYvITqZsKrCR~2O~sy4~9v25ArD355yA~Qs5sasTe7FKt6S~HXodXAQuWJ4NSIF5WX29jC7Q6SG9sMPHX5w9SWO5wiEhk5Og__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory_cognitive_and_social_behaviors","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":58937787,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937787/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory__cognitive__and_social_behaviors.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937787/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_ex.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937787/Handling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_exploratory__cognitive__and_social_behaviors-libre.pdf?1555549022=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHandling_newborn_monkeys_alters_later_ex.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=QL3uwwzhGTE1NcZsWuhPE9J6YRKQjtHd2x1dBViFkLOyW1aBnocp387F4P2370RWNosu-p~irT~NwyqYsPmMiII22Utu~WY6off4yRYQdQaf8I3eB7AVvVPo4EYHH4GYZjbIAbKcXVMmFcByA~UhU~TH8iAaTIKuyf3AnLliDwbG341FRTpjQzn8HyvjbxMNITOCxGrzMl-fI53x5~Yww1XKCZBPzpBbWxqTUA3J8GE2MEUMqwOehhnYvITqZsKrCR~2O~sy4~9v25ArD355yA~Qs5sasTe7FKt6S~HXodXAQuWJ4NSIF5WX29jC7Q6SG9sMPHX5w9SWO5wiEhk5Og__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication"},{"id":2971,"name":"Cognitive development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development"},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates"},{"id":86150,"name":"Touch","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Touch"},{"id":100966,"name":"Brain Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Plasticity"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":138239,"name":"Neonates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonates"},{"id":154003,"name":"Mother and Infant Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mother_and_Infant_Interaction"},{"id":171250,"name":"Primate Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Behavior"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant"},{"id":484218,"name":"Rhesus macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhesus_macaques"},{"id":954711,"name":"Maternal Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Sensitivity"},{"id":1259631,"name":"Social Touch","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Touch"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843381"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843381/Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Eliciting imitation in early infancy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937769/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843381/Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy">Eliciting imitation in early infancy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Science</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We (Meltzoff et al., 2018) described how Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) design likely dampened infan...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We (Meltzoff et al., 2018) described how Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) design likely dampened infant imitation. In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) argue that our points are post hoc. It is important for readers to know that they are not. Our paper restated “best practices” described in published papers. Based on the literature, the design used by Oostenbroek et al. (2016) would be predicted to dampen infant imitation.<br /><br />First, Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) test periods were too brief. The stimulus presentation for each type of gesture was too short to ensure that neonates saw the display. The response measurement period did not allow neonates sufficient time to organize a motor response. Meltzoff and Moore (1983a, 1994) introduced experimental<br />procedures specifically designed to address these issues (also, Simpson, Murray, Paukner, & Ferrari, 2014). Oostenbroek et al. did not capitalize on these procedural advances.<br /><br />Second, Oostenbroek et al. allowed uncontrolled experimenter–infant interactions during the test session itself. Previous papers on imitation provided analyses of how uncontrolled interactions with the experimenter can introduce “noise” in experiments of facial imitation (Meltzoff & Moore, 1983b, 1994).<br /><br />Third, Oostenbroek et al. used suboptimal eliciting conditions. Neonates cannot support their own heads; in Oostenbroek et al., infants’ heads were allowed to flop from side-to- side unsupported on the experimenter’s lap while the experimenter gestured with both hands. In addition, papers have listed techniques for maximizing visual attention (controlled lighting, homogeneous background) (Meltzoff & Moore, 1989, 1994). Oostenbroek et al. tested infants on<br />a couch in the home. <br /><br />Despite a design that would blunt imitation, our reanalysis of Oostenbroek et al.’s data showed a response pattern that is consistent with the imitation of tongue protrusion (TP). In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) now propose limiting analyses to a subset of their original controls. We reanalyzed their data accordingly. Again, the results support early imitation. Their cross-sectional data (Oostenbroek et al., 2016, Table S4) collapsed across age show significantly more infant TP in response to the TP demonstration than to the mean of the six dynamic face controls (mouth, happy, sad, mmm, ee, and click): t(104) = 4.62, p = 0.00001. The results are also significant using a narrower subset of stimuli (mouth, happy, and sad): t(104) = 3.20, p = 0.0018. These results rule out arousal, because the adult TP demonstration was significantly more effective in eliciting infant tongue protrusions than the category of dynamic face controls. Tongue protrusion matching is a robust phenomenon successfully elicited in more than two dozen studies (reviews: Meltzoff & Moore, 1997; Nagy, Pilling, Orvos, & Molnar, 2013; Simpson et al., 2014).<br /><br />There are more general lessons to be drawn. Psychology is experiencing what some call a “replication crisis.” Those who attempt to reproduce effects have scientific responsibilities, as do original authors. Both can help psychology become a more cumulative science. It is crucial for investigators to label whether or not a study is a direct replication attempt. If it is not a direct replication, procedural alterations and associated limitations should be discussed. It sows confusion to use procedures that are already predicted to dampen effects, without alerting readers. Psychology will be advanced by more stringent standards for reporting and evaluating studies aimed at reproducing published effects.<br /><br />Infant imitation is a fundamental skill prior to language and contributes to the development of social cognition. On this both Oostenbroek et al. and we agree.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="17aaed1b4e45fb0b2dbca97b4c9fc286" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937769,"asset_id":38843381,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843381"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843381]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843381']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843381, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "17aaed1b4e45fb0b2dbca97b4c9fc286" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843381]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843381,"title":"Eliciting imitation in early infancy","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/desc.12738","abstract":"We (Meltzoff et al., 2018) described how Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) design likely dampened infant imitation. In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) argue that our points are post hoc. It is important for readers to know that they are not. Our paper restated “best practices” described in published papers. Based on the literature, the design used by Oostenbroek et al. (2016) would be predicted to dampen infant imitation.\n\nFirst, Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) test periods were too brief. The stimulus presentation for each type of gesture was too short to ensure that neonates saw the display. The response measurement period did not allow neonates sufficient time to organize a motor response. Meltzoff and Moore (1983a, 1994) introduced experimental\nprocedures specifically designed to address these issues (also, Simpson, Murray, Paukner, \u0026 Ferrari, 2014). Oostenbroek et al. did not capitalize on these procedural advances.\n\nSecond, Oostenbroek et al. allowed uncontrolled experimenter–infant interactions during the test session itself. Previous papers on imitation provided analyses of how uncontrolled interactions with the experimenter can introduce “noise” in experiments of facial imitation (Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1983b, 1994).\n\nThird, Oostenbroek et al. used suboptimal eliciting conditions. Neonates cannot support their own heads; in Oostenbroek et al., infants’ heads were allowed to flop from side-to- side unsupported on the experimenter’s lap while the experimenter gestured with both hands. In addition, papers have listed techniques for maximizing visual attention (controlled lighting, homogeneous background) (Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1989, 1994). Oostenbroek et al. tested infants on\na couch in the home. \n\nDespite a design that would blunt imitation, our reanalysis of Oostenbroek et al.’s data showed a response pattern that is consistent with the imitation of tongue protrusion (TP). In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) now propose limiting analyses to a subset of their original controls. We reanalyzed their data accordingly. Again, the results support early imitation. Their cross-sectional data (Oostenbroek et al., 2016, Table S4) collapsed across age show significantly more infant TP in response to the TP demonstration than to the mean of the six dynamic face controls (mouth, happy, sad, mmm, ee, and click): t(104) = 4.62, p = 0.00001. The results are also significant using a narrower subset of stimuli (mouth, happy, and sad): t(104) = 3.20, p = 0.0018. These results rule out arousal, because the adult TP demonstration was significantly more effective in eliciting infant tongue protrusions than the category of dynamic face controls. Tongue protrusion matching is a robust phenomenon successfully elicited in more than two dozen studies (reviews: Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1997; Nagy, Pilling, Orvos, \u0026 Molnar, 2013; Simpson et al., 2014).\n\nThere are more general lessons to be drawn. Psychology is experiencing what some call a “replication crisis.” Those who attempt to reproduce effects have scientific responsibilities, as do original authors. Both can help psychology become a more cumulative science. It is crucial for investigators to label whether or not a study is a direct replication attempt. If it is not a direct replication, procedural alterations and associated limitations should be discussed. It sows confusion to use procedures that are already predicted to dampen effects, without alerting readers. Psychology will be advanced by more stringent standards for reporting and evaluating studies aimed at reproducing published effects.\n\nInfant imitation is a fundamental skill prior to language and contributes to the development of social cognition. On this both Oostenbroek et al. and we agree.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Science"},"translated_abstract":"We (Meltzoff et al., 2018) described how Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) design likely dampened infant imitation. In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) argue that our points are post hoc. It is important for readers to know that they are not. Our paper restated “best practices” described in published papers. Based on the literature, the design used by Oostenbroek et al. (2016) would be predicted to dampen infant imitation.\n\nFirst, Oostenbroek et al.’s (2016) test periods were too brief. The stimulus presentation for each type of gesture was too short to ensure that neonates saw the display. The response measurement period did not allow neonates sufficient time to organize a motor response. Meltzoff and Moore (1983a, 1994) introduced experimental\nprocedures specifically designed to address these issues (also, Simpson, Murray, Paukner, \u0026 Ferrari, 2014). Oostenbroek et al. did not capitalize on these procedural advances.\n\nSecond, Oostenbroek et al. allowed uncontrolled experimenter–infant interactions during the test session itself. Previous papers on imitation provided analyses of how uncontrolled interactions with the experimenter can introduce “noise” in experiments of facial imitation (Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1983b, 1994).\n\nThird, Oostenbroek et al. used suboptimal eliciting conditions. Neonates cannot support their own heads; in Oostenbroek et al., infants’ heads were allowed to flop from side-to- side unsupported on the experimenter’s lap while the experimenter gestured with both hands. In addition, papers have listed techniques for maximizing visual attention (controlled lighting, homogeneous background) (Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1989, 1994). Oostenbroek et al. tested infants on\na couch in the home. \n\nDespite a design that would blunt imitation, our reanalysis of Oostenbroek et al.’s data showed a response pattern that is consistent with the imitation of tongue protrusion (TP). In their commentary, Oostenbroek et al. (2018) now propose limiting analyses to a subset of their original controls. We reanalyzed their data accordingly. Again, the results support early imitation. Their cross-sectional data (Oostenbroek et al., 2016, Table S4) collapsed across age show significantly more infant TP in response to the TP demonstration than to the mean of the six dynamic face controls (mouth, happy, sad, mmm, ee, and click): t(104) = 4.62, p = 0.00001. The results are also significant using a narrower subset of stimuli (mouth, happy, and sad): t(104) = 3.20, p = 0.0018. These results rule out arousal, because the adult TP demonstration was significantly more effective in eliciting infant tongue protrusions than the category of dynamic face controls. Tongue protrusion matching is a robust phenomenon successfully elicited in more than two dozen studies (reviews: Meltzoff \u0026 Moore, 1997; Nagy, Pilling, Orvos, \u0026 Molnar, 2013; Simpson et al., 2014).\n\nThere are more general lessons to be drawn. Psychology is experiencing what some call a “replication crisis.” Those who attempt to reproduce effects have scientific responsibilities, as do original authors. Both can help psychology become a more cumulative science. It is crucial for investigators to label whether or not a study is a direct replication attempt. If it is not a direct replication, procedural alterations and associated limitations should be discussed. It sows confusion to use procedures that are already predicted to dampen effects, without alerting readers. Psychology will be advanced by more stringent standards for reporting and evaluating studies aimed at reproducing published effects.\n\nInfant imitation is a fundamental skill prior to language and contributes to the development of social cognition. On this both Oostenbroek et al. and we agree.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38843381/Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-17T15:17:10.152-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937769,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937769/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937769/Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy-libre.pdf?1555548774=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=Vo4t6D8f7n-ljmDPW32mVB6QvdWsfO9VbhJrfqW5NK7VE4tMTeRqvkoYXNFn5~lMrtJP7SQZGRZWWubWuKGlIYohj4X7UJTe233YeKKuEtqVe4yaIkFJnMQkR6NyHz0rt6DrNpXNOk0s3LoIq-7BCW51GNEp5qZHFDrVfQyil-9iYY6NHakUvx8E1Vgg~61ywhTI9fvKPMgAA356dQ4PcX5FSKMcSBR2~RqCMY~nbJS9T1GAXNCeStgsMWTb7TVy7TBUtEtINL3Fn4hOph2R~WNQ4Y4iE~q4pUgMu9CfqDqx6F91pWCWg-4SCnftBojkFcK3yOQLq4IXHC9jOzuKUQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy","translated_slug":"","page_count":2,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":58937769,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937769/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937769/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937769/Eliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy-libre.pdf?1555548774=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEliciting_imitation_in_early_infancy.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=Vo4t6D8f7n-ljmDPW32mVB6QvdWsfO9VbhJrfqW5NK7VE4tMTeRqvkoYXNFn5~lMrtJP7SQZGRZWWubWuKGlIYohj4X7UJTe233YeKKuEtqVe4yaIkFJnMQkR6NyHz0rt6DrNpXNOk0s3LoIq-7BCW51GNEp5qZHFDrVfQyil-9iYY6NHakUvx8E1Vgg~61ywhTI9fvKPMgAA356dQ4PcX5FSKMcSBR2~RqCMY~nbJS9T1GAXNCeStgsMWTb7TVy7TBUtEtINL3Fn4hOph2R~WNQ4Y4iE~q4pUgMu9CfqDqx6F91pWCWg-4SCnftBojkFcK3yOQLq4IXHC9jOzuKUQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication"},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction"},{"id":19291,"name":"Best Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Best_Practices"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":100936,"name":"Imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imitation"},{"id":120582,"name":"Infant Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Development"},{"id":125632,"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences"},{"id":253547,"name":"Neonatal imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_imitation"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant"},{"id":374622,"name":"Replication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Replication"},{"id":965376,"name":"Reanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reanalysis"},{"id":2564852,"name":"replication crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/replication_crisis"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843370"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843370/Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal_sociality_and_emotionality_predict_juvenile_social_status_in_rhesus_monkeys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interindividual differences in neonatal sociality and emotionality predict juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937757/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843370/Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal_sociality_and_emotionality_predict_juvenile_social_status_in_rhesus_monkeys">Interindividual differences in neonatal sociality and emotionality predict juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Science</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In humans, socioeconomic status (SES) has profound outcomes on socio-emotional development and he...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In humans, socioeconomic status (SES) has profound outcomes on socio-emotional development and health. However, while much is known about the consequences of SES, little research has examined the predictors of SES due to the longitudinal nature of such studies. We sought to explore whether interindividual differences in neonatal sociality, temperament, and early social experiences predicted juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), as a proxy for SES in humans. We performed neonatal imitation tests in infants’ first week of life and emotional reactivity assessments at 2 and 4 weeks of age. We examined whether these traits, as well as the rearing environment in the first 8 months of life (with the mother or with same-aged peers only) and maternal social status predicted juvenile (2–3 years old) social status following the formation of peer social groups at 8 months. We found that infants who exhibited higher rates of neonatal imitation and newborn emotional reactivity achieved higher social status as juveniles, as did infants who were reared with their mothers, compared to infants reared with peers. Maternal social status was only associated with juvenile status for infant dyads reared in the same maternal group, indicating that relative social relationships were transferred through social experience. These results suggest that neonatal imitation and emotional reactivity may reflect<br />ingrained predispositions toward sociality that predict later outcomes, and that nonnormative social experiences can alter socio-developmental trajectories. Our results indicate that neonatal characteristics and early social experiences predict later social outcomes in adolescence, including gradients of social stratification.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9fb694907128375adc4615d31ab28cb1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937757,"asset_id":38843370,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937757/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843370"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843370"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843370; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843370]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843370]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843370; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843370']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843370, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9fb694907128375adc4615d31ab28cb1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843370]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843370,"title":"Interindividual differences in neonatal sociality and emotionality predict juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/desc.12749","abstract":"In humans, socioeconomic status (SES) has profound outcomes on socio-emotional development and health. However, while much is known about the consequences of SES, little research has examined the predictors of SES due to the longitudinal nature of such studies. We sought to explore whether interindividual differences in neonatal sociality, temperament, and early social experiences predicted juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), as a proxy for SES in humans. We performed neonatal imitation tests in infants’ first week of life and emotional reactivity assessments at 2 and 4 weeks of age. We examined whether these traits, as well as the rearing environment in the first 8 months of life (with the mother or with same-aged peers only) and maternal social status predicted juvenile (2–3 years old) social status following the formation of peer social groups at 8 months. We found that infants who exhibited higher rates of neonatal imitation and newborn emotional reactivity achieved higher social status as juveniles, as did infants who were reared with their mothers, compared to infants reared with peers. Maternal social status was only associated with juvenile status for infant dyads reared in the same maternal group, indicating that relative social relationships were transferred through social experience. These results suggest that neonatal imitation and emotional reactivity may reflect\ningrained predispositions toward sociality that predict later outcomes, and that nonnormative social experiences can alter socio-developmental trajectories. Our results indicate that neonatal characteristics and early social experiences predict later social outcomes in adolescence, including gradients of social stratification.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Science"},"translated_abstract":"In humans, socioeconomic status (SES) has profound outcomes on socio-emotional development and health. However, while much is known about the consequences of SES, little research has examined the predictors of SES due to the longitudinal nature of such studies. We sought to explore whether interindividual differences in neonatal sociality, temperament, and early social experiences predicted juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), as a proxy for SES in humans. We performed neonatal imitation tests in infants’ first week of life and emotional reactivity assessments at 2 and 4 weeks of age. We examined whether these traits, as well as the rearing environment in the first 8 months of life (with the mother or with same-aged peers only) and maternal social status predicted juvenile (2–3 years old) social status following the formation of peer social groups at 8 months. We found that infants who exhibited higher rates of neonatal imitation and newborn emotional reactivity achieved higher social status as juveniles, as did infants who were reared with their mothers, compared to infants reared with peers. Maternal social status was only associated with juvenile status for infant dyads reared in the same maternal group, indicating that relative social relationships were transferred through social experience. These results suggest that neonatal imitation and emotional reactivity may reflect\ningrained predispositions toward sociality that predict later outcomes, and that nonnormative social experiences can alter socio-developmental trajectories. Our results indicate that neonatal characteristics and early social experiences predict later social outcomes in adolescence, including gradients of social stratification.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38843370/Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal_sociality_and_emotionality_predict_juvenile_social_status_in_rhesus_monkeys","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-17T15:13:15.368-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937757,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937757/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Wooddell_et_al__2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937757/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937757/Wooddell_et_al__2019-libre.pdf?1556280942=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInterindividual_differences_in_neonatal.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=JANUCBYc8-lROMDUIy9ikg0QF83E8hQLvqKR6OyNQVrohFa1rWyF-jNobpv4i22gJueRFhqNnVEUYBKrBXfcAeBpOMV994GkB3wXMPxPXw5iAHlOvqF9203at6O-z~IFYhDJukMh2yzbNOF0USyul3kp5W2CJ9P5hDzoy-0QpPiRDuAkNt5H-p6t46h2nZMOGr5QxIdbjQtwtPzJeOwSQTNCWPhlgheDP8U0bqd0ypMpVOw8DlJ0NK0edgef0vFJa1h5a-q3qRmY8rmqH8L4tZ6R98DhVumqBTnrNuynp40mcPGFDxTF7IvB2SUQj0g28JXDhzSONwU5WDQ7Y1zXyg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal_sociality_and_emotionality_predict_juvenile_social_status_in_rhesus_monkeys","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":58937757,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937757/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Wooddell_et_al__2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937757/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Interindividual_differences_in_neonatal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937757/Wooddell_et_al__2019-libre.pdf?1556280942=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInterindividual_differences_in_neonatal.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=JANUCBYc8-lROMDUIy9ikg0QF83E8hQLvqKR6OyNQVrohFa1rWyF-jNobpv4i22gJueRFhqNnVEUYBKrBXfcAeBpOMV994GkB3wXMPxPXw5iAHlOvqF9203at6O-z~IFYhDJukMh2yzbNOF0USyul3kp5W2CJ9P5hDzoy-0QpPiRDuAkNt5H-p6t46h2nZMOGr5QxIdbjQtwtPzJeOwSQTNCWPhlgheDP8U0bqd0ypMpVOw8DlJ0NK0edgef0vFJa1h5a-q3qRmY8rmqH8L4tZ6R98DhVumqBTnrNuynp40mcPGFDxTF7IvB2SUQj0g28JXDhzSONwU5WDQ7Y1zXyg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion"},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction"},{"id":9070,"name":"Social behavior in animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior_in_animals"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates"},{"id":100936,"name":"Imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imitation"},{"id":125632,"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status"},{"id":253547,"name":"Neonatal imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_imitation"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant"},{"id":293628,"name":"Dominance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominance"},{"id":449966,"name":"Social hierarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_hierarchy"},{"id":484218,"name":"Rhesus macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhesus_macaques"},{"id":2126255,"name":"Early Life Adversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Life_Adversity"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843361"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843361/Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces_in_infant_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_with_limited_face_exposure"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Visual preferences for direct-gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta) with limited face exposure" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937745/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843361/Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces_in_infant_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_with_limited_face_exposure">Visual preferences for direct-gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta) with limited face exposure</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Psychobiology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From birth, human and nonhuman primates attend more to faces with direct gaze compared with avert...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From birth, human and nonhuman primates attend more to faces with direct gaze compared with averted gaze, and previous studies report that attention to the eyes is linked to the emergence of later social skills. Here, we explored whether early experiences influence attraction to eye contact in infant macaques by examining their<br />attention to face pairs varying in their gaze direction across the first 13 weeks of life. Infants raised by human caretakers had limited conspecific interactions (nurseryreared; N = 16) and were compared to infants raised in rich social environments (mother‐reared; N = 20). Both groups looked longer to faces and the eyes of direct compared to averted‐gaze faces. Looking to all faces and eyes also increased with age. Nursery‐reared infants did not display age‐associated increases in attention to direct‐gaze faces specifically, suggesting that, while there may be an initial preference for direct‐gaze faces from birth, social experiences may support its early development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9dbb83114501487e298eae275e1dcbc2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937745,"asset_id":38843361,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937745/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843361"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843361]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843361']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843361, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9dbb83114501487e298eae275e1dcbc2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843361]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843361,"title":"Visual preferences for direct-gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta) with limited face exposure","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1002/dev.21797","abstract":"From birth, human and nonhuman primates attend more to faces with direct gaze compared with averted gaze, and previous studies report that attention to the eyes is linked to the emergence of later social skills. Here, we explored whether early experiences influence attraction to eye contact in infant macaques by examining their\nattention to face pairs varying in their gaze direction across the first 13 weeks of life. Infants raised by human caretakers had limited conspecific interactions (nurseryreared; N = 16) and were compared to infants raised in rich social environments (mother‐reared; N = 20). Both groups looked longer to faces and the eyes of direct compared to averted‐gaze faces. Looking to all faces and eyes also increased with age. Nursery‐reared infants did not display age‐associated increases in attention to direct‐gaze faces specifically, suggesting that, while there may be an initial preference for direct‐gaze faces from birth, social experiences may support its early development.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Psychobiology"},"translated_abstract":"From birth, human and nonhuman primates attend more to faces with direct gaze compared with averted gaze, and previous studies report that attention to the eyes is linked to the emergence of later social skills. Here, we explored whether early experiences influence attraction to eye contact in infant macaques by examining their\nattention to face pairs varying in their gaze direction across the first 13 weeks of life. Infants raised by human caretakers had limited conspecific interactions (nurseryreared; N = 16) and were compared to infants raised in rich social environments (mother‐reared; N = 20). Both groups looked longer to faces and the eyes of direct compared to averted‐gaze faces. Looking to all faces and eyes also increased with age. Nursery‐reared infants did not display age‐associated increases in attention to direct‐gaze faces specifically, suggesting that, while there may be an initial preference for direct‐gaze faces from birth, social experiences may support its early development.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38843361/Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces_in_infant_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_with_limited_face_exposure","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-17T15:09:27.127-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937745,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937745/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al__2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937745/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937745/Simpson_et_al__2019-libre.pdf?1555569950=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVisual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=XDL2l4WSWHA0xFntSeZki8QzSBMedLnqORXKVLg5W4odyWKYwMrADd6mH-Q9ifddqmmLBbsnLeMnFwJcaU3~f1VJ410L7Dg9~EfwjQ59pOKocTtu9TUH2YsH6ELF0iYBWE-MizxeIspxkph3IEePtXy8GaL48x1gfvKgI2K9xLejjXTqhydaM9~AN-68Lcd3ewGS~T0VHtJiLfLHqc3gX1~pYgFBnr5IlCynaK8FZar6pCIL6dibCP0QV9KDs2tcS9FXo5kVacnUMisPHXll3uvboIS-YisKCN2G0cmK3nFtPYAMUNoGolWtu~z7Kk74~XrrV~06KL9o6-7hX4B4tw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces_in_infant_macaques_Macaca_mulatta_with_limited_face_exposure","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":58937745,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937745/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al__2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937745/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Visual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937745/Simpson_et_al__2019-libre.pdf?1555569950=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVisual_preferences_for_direct_gaze_faces.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986441\u0026Signature=XDL2l4WSWHA0xFntSeZki8QzSBMedLnqORXKVLg5W4odyWKYwMrADd6mH-Q9ifddqmmLBbsnLeMnFwJcaU3~f1VJ410L7Dg9~EfwjQ59pOKocTtu9TUH2YsH6ELF0iYBWE-MizxeIspxkph3IEePtXy8GaL48x1gfvKgI2K9xLejjXTqhydaM9~AN-68Lcd3ewGS~T0VHtJiLfLHqc3gX1~pYgFBnr5IlCynaK8FZar6pCIL6dibCP0QV9KDs2tcS9FXo5kVacnUMisPHXll3uvboIS-YisKCN2G0cmK3nFtPYAMUNoGolWtu~z7Kk74~XrrV~06KL9o6-7hX4B4tw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention"},{"id":28499,"name":"Face perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_perception"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates"},{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior"},{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision"},{"id":64987,"name":"Social Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Development"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":318994,"name":"Eye Contact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Contact"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34692680"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34692680/Re_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016_evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54551558/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34692680/Re_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016_evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion">Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Science</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The meaning, mechanism, and function of imitation in early infancy have been actively discussed s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The meaning, mechanism, and function of imitation in early infancy have been actively discussed since Meltzoff and Moore's (1977) report of facial and manual imitation by human neonates. Oostenbroek et al. (2016) claim to challenge the existence of early imitation and to counter all interpretations so far offered. Such claims, if true, would have implications for theories of social-cognitive development. Here we identify 11 flaws in Oostenbroek et al.'s experimental design that biased the results toward null effects. We requested and obtained the authors' raw data. Contrary to the authors' conclusions, new analyses reveal significant tongue-protrusion imitation at all four ages tested (1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks old). We explain how the authors missed this pattern and offer five recommendations for designing future experiments. Infant imitation raises fundamental issues about action representation, social learning, and brain–be-havior relations. The debate about the origins and development of imitation reflects its importance to theories of developmental science.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3f672ae88872b9b5dcef2dacc62c8c81" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54551558,"asset_id":34692680,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54551558/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34692680"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34692680"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34692680; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34692680]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34692680]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34692680; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34692680']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34692680, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3f672ae88872b9b5dcef2dacc62c8c81" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34692680]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34692680,"title":"Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1111/desc.12609","issue":"e12609","volume":"21","abstract":"The meaning, mechanism, and function of imitation in early infancy have been actively discussed since Meltzoff and Moore's (1977) report of facial and manual imitation by human neonates. Oostenbroek et al. (2016) claim to challenge the existence of early imitation and to counter all interpretations so far offered. Such claims, if true, would have implications for theories of social-cognitive development. Here we identify 11 flaws in Oostenbroek et al.'s experimental design that biased the results toward null effects. We requested and obtained the authors' raw data. Contrary to the authors' conclusions, new analyses reveal significant tongue-protrusion imitation at all four ages tested (1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks old). We explain how the authors missed this pattern and offer five recommendations for designing future experiments. Infant imitation raises fundamental issues about action representation, social learning, and brain–be-havior relations. The debate about the origins and development of imitation reflects its importance to theories of developmental science.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Science"},"translated_abstract":"The meaning, mechanism, and function of imitation in early infancy have been actively discussed since Meltzoff and Moore's (1977) report of facial and manual imitation by human neonates. Oostenbroek et al. (2016) claim to challenge the existence of early imitation and to counter all interpretations so far offered. Such claims, if true, would have implications for theories of social-cognitive development. Here we identify 11 flaws in Oostenbroek et al.'s experimental design that biased the results toward null effects. We requested and obtained the authors' raw data. Contrary to the authors' conclusions, new analyses reveal significant tongue-protrusion imitation at all four ages tested (1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks old). We explain how the authors missed this pattern and offer five recommendations for designing future experiments. Infant imitation raises fundamental issues about action representation, social learning, and brain–be-havior relations. The debate about the origins and development of imitation reflects its importance to theories of developmental science.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34692680/Re_examination_of_Oostenbroek_et_al_2016_evidence_for_neonatal_imitation_of_tongue_protrusion","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-09-27T06:15:11.843-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":30373665,"work_id":34692680,"tagging_user_id":40283,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":570415,"email":"m***f@uw.edu","display_order":1,"name":"Andrew Meltzoff","title":"Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843447"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843447/EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_goal_directed_action_observation_in_newborn_monkeys_and_its_relation_to_the_emergence_of_hand_motor_skills"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of EEG beta desynchronization during hand goal-directed action observation in newborn monkeys and its relation to the emergence of hand motor skills" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937839/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843447/EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_goal_directed_action_observation_in_newborn_monkeys_and_its_relation_to_the_emergence_of_hand_motor_skills">EEG beta desynchronization during hand goal-directed action observation in newborn monkeys and its relation to the emergence of hand motor skills</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previous developmental research suggests that motor experience supports the development of action...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previous developmental research suggests that motor experience supports the development of action perception across the lifespan. However, it is still unknown when the neural mechanisms underlying action-perception coupling emerge in infancy. The goal of this study was to examine the neural correlates of action perception during the emergence of grasping abilities in newborn rhesus macaques. Neural activity, recorded via electro-encephalogram (EEG), while monkeys observed grasping actions, mimed actions and means-end movements during the first (W1) and second week (W2) of life was measured. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) during action observation was computed from the EEG in the alpha and beta bands, two components of the sensor-imotor mu rhythm associated with activity of the mirror neuron system (MNS). Results revealed age-related changes in the beta band, but not the alpha band, over anterior electrodes, with greater desynchronization at W2 than W1 for the observation of grasping actions. Additionally, desynchronization to observed grasping actions at W2 was associated with infants' motor skills-measured by a separate behavioral task-such that more grasping attempts were associated to greater beta ERD. These findings suggest the emergence of an early action-perception system, that relies on motor experience, shortly after birth.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de32710bc37088ed5a319cf22682013a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937839,"asset_id":38843447,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937839/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843447"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843447"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843447; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843447]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843447]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843447; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843447']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843447, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "de32710bc37088ed5a319cf22682013a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843447]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843447,"title":"EEG beta desynchronization during hand goal-directed action observation in newborn monkeys and its relation to the emergence of hand motor skills","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2018.02.010","abstract":"Previous developmental research suggests that motor experience supports the development of action perception across the lifespan. However, it is still unknown when the neural mechanisms underlying action-perception coupling emerge in infancy. The goal of this study was to examine the neural correlates of action perception during the emergence of grasping abilities in newborn rhesus macaques. Neural activity, recorded via electro-encephalogram (EEG), while monkeys observed grasping actions, mimed actions and means-end movements during the first (W1) and second week (W2) of life was measured. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) during action observation was computed from the EEG in the alpha and beta bands, two components of the sensor-imotor mu rhythm associated with activity of the mirror neuron system (MNS). Results revealed age-related changes in the beta band, but not the alpha band, over anterior electrodes, with greater desynchronization at W2 than W1 for the observation of grasping actions. Additionally, desynchronization to observed grasping actions at W2 was associated with infants' motor skills-measured by a separate behavioral task-such that more grasping attempts were associated to greater beta ERD. These findings suggest the emergence of an early action-perception system, that relies on motor experience, shortly after birth.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},"translated_abstract":"Previous developmental research suggests that motor experience supports the development of action perception across the lifespan. However, it is still unknown when the neural mechanisms underlying action-perception coupling emerge in infancy. The goal of this study was to examine the neural correlates of action perception during the emergence of grasping abilities in newborn rhesus macaques. Neural activity, recorded via electro-encephalogram (EEG), while monkeys observed grasping actions, mimed actions and means-end movements during the first (W1) and second week (W2) of life was measured. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) during action observation was computed from the EEG in the alpha and beta bands, two components of the sensor-imotor mu rhythm associated with activity of the mirror neuron system (MNS). Results revealed age-related changes in the beta band, but not the alpha band, over anterior electrodes, with greater desynchronization at W2 than W1 for the observation of grasping actions. Additionally, desynchronization to observed grasping actions at W2 was associated with infants' motor skills-measured by a separate behavioral task-such that more grasping attempts were associated to greater beta ERD. These findings suggest the emergence of an early action-perception system, that relies on motor experience, shortly after birth.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38843447/EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_goal_directed_action_observation_in_newborn_monkeys_and_its_relation_to_the_emergence_of_hand_motor_skills","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-17T15:48:26.330-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58937839,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937839/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Festante_et_al__2018.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937839/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_g.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937839/Festante_et_al__2018-libre.pdf?1555550122=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_g.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=AmlKyGShyVPBKfBKkHF88~jhVwoB1hMnKi7Pf~eury~0RbnARPTN8Ri-Y7CwwT~FAngoMQh3CP1WFHjzGx1Z0pzysGY~BjDuupRsnCeReP5yPnNstlQErnqVBpixqeGWAopKpgC1E0sH7U9ZEwU3bRIj2kj~BCKwWZtVgwbFAAfyv5IfNppScsm-iwoxFwZ1A5AlxNRlJMwVf4rl7KMl1uSPE4kdBuwqqIkStBFecK7gmsBnUF0NXTJm-rm89XNbF-MrbqOSyx5YCp~dhBcFhIUMtrySgWhz9jpWw45MZgFmIpv2GWRND-WsdvkmGzet3Udh1zsFEtHcU5ay27l7UA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_goal_directed_action_observation_in_newborn_monkeys_and_its_relation_to_the_emergence_of_hand_motor_skills","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":58937839,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937839/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Festante_et_al__2018.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937839/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"EEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_g.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58937839/Festante_et_al__2018-libre.pdf?1555550122=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEEG_beta_desynchronization_during_hand_g.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=AmlKyGShyVPBKfBKkHF88~jhVwoB1hMnKi7Pf~eury~0RbnARPTN8Ri-Y7CwwT~FAngoMQh3CP1WFHjzGx1Z0pzysGY~BjDuupRsnCeReP5yPnNstlQErnqVBpixqeGWAopKpgC1E0sH7U9ZEwU3bRIj2kj~BCKwWZtVgwbFAAfyv5IfNppScsm-iwoxFwZ1A5AlxNRlJMwVf4rl7KMl1uSPE4kdBuwqqIkStBFecK7gmsBnUF0NXTJm-rm89XNbF-MrbqOSyx5YCp~dhBcFhIUMtrySgWhz9jpWw45MZgFmIpv2GWRND-WsdvkmGzet3Udh1zsFEtHcU5ay27l7UA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies"},{"id":3675,"name":"Mirror Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mirror_Neurons"},{"id":10402,"name":"EEG","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EEG"},{"id":20695,"name":"Grasping (Motor Control)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grasping_Motor_Control_"},{"id":62314,"name":"Grasping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grasping"},{"id":100564,"name":"Mirror Neuron System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mirror_Neuron_System"},{"id":187814,"name":"Electroencephalogram","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalogram"},{"id":219449,"name":"Mu Rhythms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mu_Rhythms"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38843455"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843455/Early_rearing_history_influences_oxytocin_receptor_epigenetic_regulation_in_rhesus_macaques"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Early rearing history influences oxytocin receptor epigenetic regulation in rhesus macaques" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58937852/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38843455/Early_rearing_history_influences_oxytocin_receptor_epigenetic_regulation_in_rhesus_macaques">Early rearing history influences oxytocin receptor epigenetic regulation in rhesus macaques</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing for H3K4me3 to examine effects of early maternal deprivation (peer-rearing, PR) in archived rhesus macaque hippocampal samples (male, n = 13). Focusing on genes with roles in stress response and behavior, we assessed the effects of rearing on H3K4me3 binding by ANOVA. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response , the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR, for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Based on this finding, we performed behavioral analyses to determine whether a gain-of-function nonsynonymous OXTR SNP interacted with early stress to influence relevant behavioral stress reactivity phenotypes (n = 194), revealing that this SNP partially rescued the PR phenotype. PR infants exhibited higher levels of separation anxiety and arousal in response to social separation, but infants carrying the alternative OXTR allele did not exhibit as great a separation response. These data indicate that the oxytocin system is involved in social-separation response and suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR could contribute to behavior-al differences observed in PR animals. Epigenetic changes at OXTR may represent predictive adaptive responses that could impart readiness to respond to environmental challenge or maintain proximity to a caregiver but also contribute to behavioral pathology. Our data also demonstrate that OXTR polymorphism can permit animals to partially overcome the detrimental effects of early maternal deprivation, which could have translational implications for human psychiatric disorders. primate | epigenetic | stress | maternal care | oxytocin S tress is a universal condition of life, but if it is chronic, severe, or occurs during critical developmental windows, it contributes to a variety of disease vulnerabilities, particularly disorders of the brain (1-3). In humans, there are known links between prenatal or early stress and a variety of psychiatric and developmental disorders , including depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders , posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders (4-6). A major advantage in using animal models is the ability to follow animals prospectively from or before birth and then to control environmental exposure. As such, studies aimed at determining the mechanisms through which in utero or postnatal environments induce long-lasting differences in neurophysiology and behavior have been performed using animal models. Early infant development is a time of high brain plasticity as well as intense mother-infant interaction. For an infant, the mother's behaviors and other cues (i.e., hormones in the milk, pheromones are among the main sources of information about the environment to which an infant must adapt. An early period of enhanced environmental sensitivity has been documented in wild, laboratory, and domestic animals alike. In 1937, the ethologist Lorenz (7) defined a "critical period" for the social bonding that occurs during early development. Bateson later modified the nomenclature, instead referring to a "sensitive period ," which he described as a developmental phase during which events are particularly likely to produce prolonged effects on an individual (8). Years later, rodent studies performed by Levine showed that early experience, as determined by the extent and quality of maternal care, produced long-lasting alterations in hypotha-lamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, fearfulness, and social behaviors (9). These studies were rapidly replicated and expanded, demonstrating that epigenetic factors played a significant role, especially in stress-sensitive regions of brain such as Significance Epigenetically programmed stress adaptation may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing to examine effects of early environment on epigenetic regulation using hippocampal samples from macaques exposed to disruption in maternal care. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response, the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Post hoc analysis showed that a gain-of-function OXTR SNP rescued behavioral differences in early stress-exposed subjects. Our data suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR in brain could contribute to behavioral differences observed in early stress-exposed subjects and that functional genetic variation plays a role. These could have translational implications for human psychiatric disease and personality disorders.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3a754731dad909fb64ab6250c1ad7f1f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58937852,"asset_id":38843455,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58937852/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38843455"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38843455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38843455]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38843455; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38843455']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38843455, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3a754731dad909fb64ab6250c1ad7f1f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38843455]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38843455,"title":"Early rearing history influences oxytocin receptor epigenetic regulation in rhesus macaques","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1706206114","abstract":"Adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing for H3K4me3 to examine effects of early maternal deprivation (peer-rearing, PR) in archived rhesus macaque hippocampal samples (male, n = 13). Focusing on genes with roles in stress response and behavior, we assessed the effects of rearing on H3K4me3 binding by ANOVA. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response , the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR, for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Based on this finding, we performed behavioral analyses to determine whether a gain-of-function nonsynonymous OXTR SNP interacted with early stress to influence relevant behavioral stress reactivity phenotypes (n = 194), revealing that this SNP partially rescued the PR phenotype. PR infants exhibited higher levels of separation anxiety and arousal in response to social separation, but infants carrying the alternative OXTR allele did not exhibit as great a separation response. These data indicate that the oxytocin system is involved in social-separation response and suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR could contribute to behavior-al differences observed in PR animals. Epigenetic changes at OXTR may represent predictive adaptive responses that could impart readiness to respond to environmental challenge or maintain proximity to a caregiver but also contribute to behavioral pathology. Our data also demonstrate that OXTR polymorphism can permit animals to partially overcome the detrimental effects of early maternal deprivation, which could have translational implications for human psychiatric disorders. primate | epigenetic | stress | maternal care | oxytocin S tress is a universal condition of life, but if it is chronic, severe, or occurs during critical developmental windows, it contributes to a variety of disease vulnerabilities, particularly disorders of the brain (1-3). In humans, there are known links between prenatal or early stress and a variety of psychiatric and developmental disorders , including depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders , posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders (4-6). A major advantage in using animal models is the ability to follow animals prospectively from or before birth and then to control environmental exposure. As such, studies aimed at determining the mechanisms through which in utero or postnatal environments induce long-lasting differences in neurophysiology and behavior have been performed using animal models. Early infant development is a time of high brain plasticity as well as intense mother-infant interaction. For an infant, the mother's behaviors and other cues (i.e., hormones in the milk, pheromones are among the main sources of information about the environment to which an infant must adapt. An early period of enhanced environmental sensitivity has been documented in wild, laboratory, and domestic animals alike. In 1937, the ethologist Lorenz (7) defined a \"critical period\" for the social bonding that occurs during early development. Bateson later modified the nomenclature, instead referring to a \"sensitive period ,\" which he described as a developmental phase during which events are particularly likely to produce prolonged effects on an individual (8). Years later, rodent studies performed by Levine showed that early experience, as determined by the extent and quality of maternal care, produced long-lasting alterations in hypotha-lamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, fearfulness, and social behaviors (9). These studies were rapidly replicated and expanded, demonstrating that epigenetic factors played a significant role, especially in stress-sensitive regions of brain such as Significance Epigenetically programmed stress adaptation may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing to examine effects of early environment on epigenetic regulation using hippocampal samples from macaques exposed to disruption in maternal care. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response, the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Post hoc analysis showed that a gain-of-function OXTR SNP rescued behavioral differences in early stress-exposed subjects. Our data suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR in brain could contribute to behavioral differences observed in early stress-exposed subjects and that functional genetic variation plays a role. These could have translational implications for human psychiatric disease and personality disorders.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"Adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing for H3K4me3 to examine effects of early maternal deprivation (peer-rearing, PR) in archived rhesus macaque hippocampal samples (male, n = 13). Focusing on genes with roles in stress response and behavior, we assessed the effects of rearing on H3K4me3 binding by ANOVA. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response , the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR, for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Based on this finding, we performed behavioral analyses to determine whether a gain-of-function nonsynonymous OXTR SNP interacted with early stress to influence relevant behavioral stress reactivity phenotypes (n = 194), revealing that this SNP partially rescued the PR phenotype. PR infants exhibited higher levels of separation anxiety and arousal in response to social separation, but infants carrying the alternative OXTR allele did not exhibit as great a separation response. These data indicate that the oxytocin system is involved in social-separation response and suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR could contribute to behavior-al differences observed in PR animals. Epigenetic changes at OXTR may represent predictive adaptive responses that could impart readiness to respond to environmental challenge or maintain proximity to a caregiver but also contribute to behavioral pathology. Our data also demonstrate that OXTR polymorphism can permit animals to partially overcome the detrimental effects of early maternal deprivation, which could have translational implications for human psychiatric disorders. primate | epigenetic | stress | maternal care | oxytocin S tress is a universal condition of life, but if it is chronic, severe, or occurs during critical developmental windows, it contributes to a variety of disease vulnerabilities, particularly disorders of the brain (1-3). In humans, there are known links between prenatal or early stress and a variety of psychiatric and developmental disorders , including depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders , posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders (4-6). A major advantage in using animal models is the ability to follow animals prospectively from or before birth and then to control environmental exposure. As such, studies aimed at determining the mechanisms through which in utero or postnatal environments induce long-lasting differences in neurophysiology and behavior have been performed using animal models. Early infant development is a time of high brain plasticity as well as intense mother-infant interaction. For an infant, the mother's behaviors and other cues (i.e., hormones in the milk, pheromones are among the main sources of information about the environment to which an infant must adapt. An early period of enhanced environmental sensitivity has been documented in wild, laboratory, and domestic animals alike. In 1937, the ethologist Lorenz (7) defined a \"critical period\" for the social bonding that occurs during early development. Bateson later modified the nomenclature, instead referring to a \"sensitive period ,\" which he described as a developmental phase during which events are particularly likely to produce prolonged effects on an individual (8). Years later, rodent studies performed by Levine showed that early experience, as determined by the extent and quality of maternal care, produced long-lasting alterations in hypotha-lamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, fearfulness, and social behaviors (9). These studies were rapidly replicated and expanded, demonstrating that epigenetic factors played a significant role, especially in stress-sensitive regions of brain such as Significance Epigenetically programmed stress adaptation may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing to examine effects of early environment on epigenetic regulation using hippocampal samples from macaques exposed to disruption in maternal care. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response, the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Post hoc analysis showed that a gain-of-function OXTR SNP rescued behavioral differences in early stress-exposed subjects. Our data suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR in brain could contribute to behavioral differences observed in early stress-exposed subjects and that functional genetic variation plays a role. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33926653"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926653/Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Testing the arousal hypothesis of neonatal imitation in infant rhesus macaques" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895064/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926653/Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques">Testing the arousal hypothesis of neonatal imitation in infant rhesus macaques</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOSE ONE</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Neonatal imitation is the matching of (often facial) gestures by newborn infants. Some studies su...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Neonatal imitation is the matching of (often facial) gestures by newborn infants. Some studies suggest that performance of facial gestures is due to general arousal, which may produce false positives on neonatal imitation assessments. Here we examine whether arousal is linked to facial gesturing in newborn infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We tested 163 infants in a neonatal imitation paradigm in their first postnatal week and analyzed their lipsmacking gestures (a rapid opening and closing of the mouth), tongue protrusion gestures , and yawn responses (a measure of arousal). Arousal increased during dynamic stimulus presentation compared to the static baseline across all conditions, and arousal was higher in the facial gestures conditions than the nonsocial control condition. However, even after controlling for arousal, we found a condition-specific increase in facial gestures in infants who matched lipsmacking and tongue protrusion gestures. Thus, we found no support for the arousal hypothesis. Consistent with reports in human newborns, imitators' propensity to match facial gestures is based on abilities that go beyond mere arousal. We discuss optimal testing conditions to minimize potentially confounding effects of arousal on measurements of neonatal imitation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="32206ebc7c496a35eda849ebc5a44518" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53895064,"asset_id":33926653,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895064/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33926653"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33926653"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926653; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926653]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926653]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926653; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33926653']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33926653, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "32206ebc7c496a35eda849ebc5a44518" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33926653]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33926653,"title":"Testing the arousal hypothesis of neonatal imitation in infant rhesus macaques","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0178864","issue":"6","volume":"12","abstract":"Neonatal imitation is the matching of (often facial) gestures by newborn infants. Some studies suggest that performance of facial gestures is due to general arousal, which may produce false positives on neonatal imitation assessments. Here we examine whether arousal is linked to facial gesturing in newborn infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We tested 163 infants in a neonatal imitation paradigm in their first postnatal week and analyzed their lipsmacking gestures (a rapid opening and closing of the mouth), tongue protrusion gestures , and yawn responses (a measure of arousal). Arousal increased during dynamic stimulus presentation compared to the static baseline across all conditions, and arousal was higher in the facial gestures conditions than the nonsocial control condition. However, even after controlling for arousal, we found a condition-specific increase in facial gestures in infants who matched lipsmacking and tongue protrusion gestures. Thus, we found no support for the arousal hypothesis. Consistent with reports in human newborns, imitators' propensity to match facial gestures is based on abilities that go beyond mere arousal. We discuss optimal testing conditions to minimize potentially confounding effects of arousal on measurements of neonatal imitation.","page_numbers":"e0178864","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLOSE ONE"},"translated_abstract":"Neonatal imitation is the matching of (often facial) gestures by newborn infants. Some studies suggest that performance of facial gestures is due to general arousal, which may produce false positives on neonatal imitation assessments. Here we examine whether arousal is linked to facial gesturing in newborn infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We tested 163 infants in a neonatal imitation paradigm in their first postnatal week and analyzed their lipsmacking gestures (a rapid opening and closing of the mouth), tongue protrusion gestures , and yawn responses (a measure of arousal). Arousal increased during dynamic stimulus presentation compared to the static baseline across all conditions, and arousal was higher in the facial gestures conditions than the nonsocial control condition. However, even after controlling for arousal, we found a condition-specific increase in facial gestures in infants who matched lipsmacking and tongue protrusion gestures. Thus, we found no support for the arousal hypothesis. Consistent with reports in human newborns, imitators' propensity to match facial gestures is based on abilities that go beyond mere arousal. We discuss optimal testing conditions to minimize potentially confounding effects of arousal on measurements of neonatal imitation.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33926653/Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-18T12:42:45.893-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53895064,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895064/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Paukner_et_al__2017_-_Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895064/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53895064/Paukner_et_al__2017_-_Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques-libre.pdf?1500407051=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTesting_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonat.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=J7RQgywWz51dvd4wbF3Rw4ylnYZhI0KrlvQHdzOkiXnm2VQWfkjCUk6BKikBTHMpeeZ6g1JdlvP6Mm1UidBRHJsJ9IfnNdeMuLFf3uWbp11be4z-w19SVTZm1i1FfOQWfDR5p9O5XKRNxTOz8Rp1dZD5NDpHg28WKikpwFomyit-Vv47G0N0PL7KNRZ-qTISbLz~DPu6PSGVYbrqR-Yj2UhWOtfkDeD6kIv6n7kCbY0syuLWuZ3EPfvfdfIZfEi97FoSH40ZEIznXX3hDZpX2M07sS~oxkbITCOgwKjWe1IFzue2QfZBjDx~7rMYo9uODe2AXn5Vzbf4MgRyrC3B-A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":53895064,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895064/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Paukner_et_al__2017_-_Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895064/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53895064/Paukner_et_al__2017_-_Testing_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonatal_imitation_in_infant_rhesus_macaques-libre.pdf?1500407051=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTesting_the_arousal_hypothesis_of_neonat.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=J7RQgywWz51dvd4wbF3Rw4ylnYZhI0KrlvQHdzOkiXnm2VQWfkjCUk6BKikBTHMpeeZ6g1JdlvP6Mm1UidBRHJsJ9IfnNdeMuLFf3uWbp11be4z-w19SVTZm1i1FfOQWfDR5p9O5XKRNxTOz8Rp1dZD5NDpHg28WKikpwFomyit-Vv47G0N0PL7KNRZ-qTISbLz~DPu6PSGVYbrqR-Yj2UhWOtfkDeD6kIv6n7kCbY0syuLWuZ3EPfvfdfIZfEi97FoSH40ZEIznXX3hDZpX2M07sS~oxkbITCOgwKjWe1IFzue2QfZBjDx~7rMYo9uODe2AXn5Vzbf4MgRyrC3B-A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication"},{"id":179294,"name":"Mimicry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mimicry"},{"id":204132,"name":"Mother-Infant Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mother-Infant_Interaction"},{"id":253547,"name":"Neonatal imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_imitation"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant"},{"id":365459,"name":"Macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaques"},{"id":1192119,"name":"Yawning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yawning"}],"urls":[{"id":8745447,"url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0178864"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33926687"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926687/Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant_directed_speech_on_visual_retention_in_infant_rhesus_macaques"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Who's my little monkey? Effects of infant-directed speech on visual retention in infant rhesus macaques" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895099/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926687/Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant_directed_speech_on_visual_retention_in_infant_rhesus_macaques">Who's my little monkey? Effects of infant-directed speech on visual retention in infant rhesus macaques</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Both human and nonhuman primate adults use infant-directed facial and vocal expressions across ma...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Both human and nonhuman primate adults use infant-directed facial and vocal expressions across many contexts when interacting with infants (e.g., feeding, playing). This infant-oriented style of communication, known as infant-directed speech (IDS), seems to benefit human infants in numerous ways, including facilitating language acquisition. Given the variety of contexts in which adults use IDS, we hypothesized that IDS supports learning beyond the linguistic domain and that these benefits may extend to nonhuman primates. We exposed 2.5-month-old rhesus macaque infants (N = 15) to IDS, adult-directed speech (ADS), and a non-social control (CTR) during a video presentation of unrelated stimuli. After a 5-or 60-minute delay, infants were shown the familiar video side-by- side with a novel video. Infants exhibited a novelty preference after the 5-minute delay, but not after the 60-minute delay, in the ADS and CTR conditions, and a novelty preference in the IDS condition only after the 60-minute delay. These results are the first to suggest that exposure to IDS affects infants’ long-term memory, even in non-linguistic animals.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d9be9f3a6004dc1115023f1f61e457ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53895099,"asset_id":33926687,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895099/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33926687"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33926687"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926687; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926687]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926687]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926687; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33926687']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33926687, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d9be9f3a6004dc1115023f1f61e457ec" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33926687]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33926687,"title":"Who's my little monkey? Effects of infant-directed speech on visual retention in infant rhesus macaques","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Both human and nonhuman primate adults use infant-directed facial and vocal expressions across many contexts when interacting with infants (e.g., feeding, playing). This infant-oriented style of communication, known as infant-directed speech (IDS), seems to benefit human infants in numerous ways, including facilitating language acquisition. Given the variety of contexts in which adults use IDS, we hypothesized that IDS supports learning beyond the linguistic domain and that these benefits may extend to nonhuman primates. We exposed 2.5-month-old rhesus macaque infants (N = 15) to IDS, adult-directed speech (ADS), and a non-social control (CTR) during a video presentation of unrelated stimuli. After a 5-or 60-minute delay, infants were shown the familiar video side-by- side with a novel video. Infants exhibited a novelty preference after the 5-minute delay, but not after the 60-minute delay, in the ADS and CTR conditions, and a novelty preference in the IDS condition only after the 60-minute delay. These results are the first to suggest that exposure to IDS affects infants’ long-term memory, even in non-linguistic animals."},"translated_abstract":"Both human and nonhuman primate adults use infant-directed facial and vocal expressions across many contexts when interacting with infants (e.g., feeding, playing). This infant-oriented style of communication, known as infant-directed speech (IDS), seems to benefit human infants in numerous ways, including facilitating language acquisition. Given the variety of contexts in which adults use IDS, we hypothesized that IDS supports learning beyond the linguistic domain and that these benefits may extend to nonhuman primates. We exposed 2.5-month-old rhesus macaque infants (N = 15) to IDS, adult-directed speech (ADS), and a non-social control (CTR) during a video presentation of unrelated stimuli. After a 5-or 60-minute delay, infants were shown the familiar video side-by- side with a novel video. Infants exhibited a novelty preference after the 5-minute delay, but not after the 60-minute delay, in the ADS and CTR conditions, and a novelty preference in the IDS condition only after the 60-minute delay. These results are the first to suggest that exposure to IDS affects infants’ long-term memory, even in non-linguistic animals.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33926687/Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant_directed_speech_on_visual_retention_in_infant_rhesus_macaques","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-18T12:48:34.362-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53895099,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895099/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Slonecker_et_al__2017_-_Whos_my_little_monkey.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895099/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53895099/Slonecker_et_al__2017_-_Whos_my_little_monkey-libre.pdf?1500407625=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=XJwhbMGCY-5oNVcgKvYgk6tiKitWiWENJ5x9GyyOunyyPSrf722cMHxFKyr2yoORv9VNsaCe5LMAS5UJ-OOPDuKCSb0el2YB6JMgWy8OYWE4QJkhR7UiJnvoGkPi~p3l-9xNAnBeTCBWTl0QO9eIwbozjp2r18UcvNAYMdTxC1cy1P0zdIj2rhRrppKOOXIrv7MFTEYkCWdTqIU~IxP83G60H-EKkgCUdKCiqv7ezMrigGsy23d0CbdC0GWe93luz0MUeFMN9IFzL65Jo7QWWgdTDw3vt1Gnr69t2P3MKQSEVrxAraT6IGuaOTtXemY2TYqhKDfIgkOSTtV2ZOjOCw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant_directed_speech_on_visual_retention_in_infant_rhesus_macaques","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":53895099,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895099/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Slonecker_et_al__2017_-_Whos_my_little_monkey.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895099/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Whos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53895099/Slonecker_et_al__2017_-_Whos_my_little_monkey-libre.pdf?1500407625=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhos_my_little_monkey_Effects_of_infant.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986442\u0026Signature=XJwhbMGCY-5oNVcgKvYgk6tiKitWiWENJ5x9GyyOunyyPSrf722cMHxFKyr2yoORv9VNsaCe5LMAS5UJ-OOPDuKCSb0el2YB6JMgWy8OYWE4QJkhR7UiJnvoGkPi~p3l-9xNAnBeTCBWTl0QO9eIwbozjp2r18UcvNAYMdTxC1cy1P0zdIj2rhRrppKOOXIrv7MFTEYkCWdTqIU~IxP83G60H-EKkgCUdKCiqv7ezMrigGsy23d0CbdC0GWe93luz0MUeFMN9IFzL65Jo7QWWgdTDw3vt1Gnr69t2P3MKQSEVrxAraT6IGuaOTtXemY2TYqhKDfIgkOSTtV2ZOjOCw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":139777,"name":"Infant Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Learning"},{"id":183646,"name":"Infant-directed speech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant-directed_speech"},{"id":365459,"name":"Macaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaques"},{"id":548543,"name":"Motherese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motherese"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33926663"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926663/Preference_for_facial_averageness_Evidence_for_a_common_mechanism_in_human_and_macaque_infants"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Preference for facial averageness: Evidence for a common mechanism in human and macaque infants" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895075/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926663/Preference_for_facial_averageness_Evidence_for_a_common_mechanism_in_human_and_macaque_infants">Preference for facial averageness: Evidence for a common mechanism in human and macaque infants</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Human adults and infants show a preference for average faces, which could stem from a general pro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Human adults and infants show a preference for average faces, which could stem from a general processing mechanism and may be shared among primates. However, little is known about preference for facial averageness in monkeys. We used a comparative developmental approach and eye-tracking methodology to assess visual attention in human and macaque infants to faces naturally varying in their distance from a prototypical face. In Experiment 1, we examined the preference for faces relatively close to or far from the prototype in 12-month-old human infants with human adult female faces. Infants preferred faces closer to the average than faces farther from it. In Experiment 2, we measured the looking time of 3-month-old rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) viewing macaque faces varying in their distance from the prototype. Like human infants, macaque infants looked longer to faces closer to the average. In Experiments 3 and 4, both species were presented with unfamiliar categories of faces (i.e., macaque infants tested with adult macaque faces; human infants and adults tested with infant macaque faces) and showed no prototype preferences, suggesting that the prototypicality effect is experience-dependent. Overall, the findings suggest a common processing mechanism across species, leading to averageness preferences in primates.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b91a018ed223722fc28647787606453" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53895075,"asset_id":33926663,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895075/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33926663"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33926663"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926663; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926663]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926663]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926663; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33926663']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33926663, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0b91a018ed223722fc28647787606453" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33926663]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33926663,"title":"Preference for facial averageness: Evidence for a common mechanism in human and macaque infants","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Human adults and infants show a preference for average faces, which could stem from a general processing mechanism and may be shared among primates. However, little is known about preference for facial averageness in monkeys. We used a comparative developmental approach and eye-tracking methodology to assess visual attention in human and macaque infants to faces naturally varying in their distance from a prototypical face. In Experiment 1, we examined the preference for faces relatively close to or far from the prototype in 12-month-old human infants with human adult female faces. Infants preferred faces closer to the average than faces farther from it. In Experiment 2, we measured the looking time of 3-month-old rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) viewing macaque faces varying in their distance from the prototype. Like human infants, macaque infants looked longer to faces closer to the average. In Experiments 3 and 4, both species were presented with unfamiliar categories of faces (i.e., macaque infants tested with adult macaque faces; human infants and adults tested with infant macaque faces) and showed no prototype preferences, suggesting that the prototypicality effect is experience-dependent. Overall, the findings suggest a common processing mechanism across species, leading to averageness preferences in primates. ","ai_title_tag":"Common Mechanisms of Facial Averageness Preference in Infants"},"translated_abstract":"Human adults and infants show a preference for average faces, which could stem from a general processing mechanism and may be shared among primates. However, little is known about preference for facial averageness in monkeys. We used a comparative developmental approach and eye-tracking methodology to assess visual attention in human and macaque infants to faces naturally varying in their distance from a prototypical face. In Experiment 1, we examined the preference for faces relatively close to or far from the prototype in 12-month-old human infants with human adult female faces. Infants preferred faces closer to the average than faces farther from it. In Experiment 2, we measured the looking time of 3-month-old rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) viewing macaque faces varying in their distance from the prototype. Like human infants, macaque infants looked longer to faces closer to the average. In Experiments 3 and 4, both species were presented with unfamiliar categories of faces (i.e., macaque infants tested with adult macaque faces; human infants and adults tested with infant macaque faces) and showed no prototype preferences, suggesting that the prototypicality effect is experience-dependent. Overall, the findings suggest a common processing mechanism across species, leading to averageness preferences in primates. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="642826" id="teachingpapers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33926848"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926848/A_Workbook_for_Scaffolding_Mentored_Undergraduate_Research_Experiences_in_the_Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Workbook for Scaffolding Mentored Undergraduate Research Experiences in the Social and Behavioral Sciences" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53895199/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33926848/A_Workbook_for_Scaffolding_Mentored_Undergraduate_Research_Experiences_in_the_Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences">A Workbook for Scaffolding Mentored Undergraduate Research Experiences in the Social and Behavioral Sciences</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ErinColbertWhite">Erin Colbert-White</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson">Elizabeth Simpson</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Research mentors strive to ensure that undergraduates gain research skills and develop profession...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Research mentors strive to ensure that undergraduates gain research skills and develop professionally during mentored research experiences in the sciences. We created the SURE (Specialized Undergraduate Research Experience) Workbook, a freely-available, interactive guide to scaffold student learning during this process. The Workbook: (1) identifies mentees' relevant strengths and areas for improvement, (2) encourages effective long-term goal setting, (3) ensures clear communication to facilitate a positive mentor-mentee working relationship, (4) exposes mentees to all phases of the research process, (5) develops mentees' autonomy for research and related professional experiences, and (6) offers mentors a concrete assessment tool to evaluate student participation and development over the course of the research experience. Hands-on research experiences can be invaluable and transformative in undergraduates' professional development, and we predict that the additional structure and standardization provided by the SURE Workbook will help maximize student learning and performance during such experiences. Thinking ahead, mentees who cultivate positive attitudes about research by using the SURE Workbook may be more inclined to pursue research professions and effectively mentor others when they graduate.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7b3fd9556e1b2be568d9dc021c92ea30" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53895199,"asset_id":33926848,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53895199/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33926848"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33926848"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926848; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926848]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33926848]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33926848; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33926848']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33926848, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7b3fd9556e1b2be568d9dc021c92ea30" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33926848]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33926848,"title":"A Workbook for Scaffolding Mentored Undergraduate Research Experiences in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Research mentors strive to ensure that undergraduates gain research skills and develop professionally during mentored research experiences in the sciences. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="314392"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/314392/Gaining_Teaching_Experience_in_Graduate_School"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gaining Teaching Experience in Graduate School" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/314392/Gaining_Teaching_Experience_in_Graduate_School">Gaining Teaching Experience in Graduate School</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Student Notebook, APS Observer</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As graduate students, we are indoctrinated to value those three little words: research, teaching,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As graduate students, we are indoctrinated to value those three little words: research, teaching, and service. Not the words you had in mind? Welcome to graduate school. Though most of us get a plethora of research experience and numerous opportunities for service, teaching experiences may not be as easily accessible. Given that most jobs in academia require undergraduate teaching, developing the knowledge, resources, and skills to carry out this job are particularly important for graduate students. Teaching experience can give you insight into whether you really want a teaching-focused career. Gaining experiences in teaching throughout your graduate career will aid in the transition to becoming a faculty member. Perhaps most importantly, being able to demonstrate your teaching abilities will make you a more marketable candidate for a job in academia. We offer some tips and resources to get you started.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="314392"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="314392"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 314392; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=314392]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=314392]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 314392; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='314392']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 314392, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=314392]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":314392,"title":"Gaining Teaching Experience in Graduate School","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"As graduate students, we are indoctrinated to value those three little words: research, teaching, and service. 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We offer some tips and resources to get you started.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/314392/Gaining_Teaching_Experience_in_Graduate_School","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2010-08-31T23:43:16.741-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Gaining_Teaching_Experience_in_Graduate_School","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning"}],"urls":[{"id":1389332,"url":"http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2011/march-11/gaining-teaching-experience-in-graduate-school.html"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1504736"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1504736/Google_Docs_in_an_Out_of_Class_Collaborative_Writing_Activity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Google Docs in an Out-of-Class Collaborative Writing Activity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31626678/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1504736/Google_Docs_in_an_Out_of_Class_Collaborative_Writing_Activity">Google Docs in an Out-of-Class Collaborative Writing Activity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Google Docs, an online word processing application, is a promising tool for collaborative learnin...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Google Docs, an online word processing application, is a promising tool for collaborative learning. However, many college instructors and students lack knowledge to effectively use Google Docs to enhance teaching and learning. Goals of this study include (1) assessing the effectiveness of using Google Docs in an out-of-class collaborative writing activity through measuring the assignment's influence on students' learning experiences, (2) teaching students to work collaboratively, and (3) teaching students to successfully communicate their understanding and application of concepts through writing. Undergraduate students (N = 35) were randomly assigned to small groups to complete two out-of-class assignments. We compared students' collaborative performance and learning across two assignments, one with Google Docs and one without. We found (1) most students were unfamiliar with Google Docs prior to the study, (2) Google Docs changed the means of communication used in collaborative writing, (3) 93% of students considered Google Docs a useful tool for group work, (4) using Google Docs had no effect on students' paper grades, and (5) half of the students reported they would like to use Google Docs in the future. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17964605"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17964605/Drivers_of_Social_Cognitive_Development_in_Human_and_Non_Human_Primate_Infants"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Drivers of Social Cognitive Development in Human and Non-Human Primate Infants" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39803115/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17964605/Drivers_of_Social_Cognitive_Development_in_Human_and_Non_Human_Primate_Infants">Drivers of Social Cognitive Development in Human and Non-Human Primate Infants</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson">Elizabeth Simpson</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cardiff.academia.edu/SarahGerson">Sarah Gerson</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this chapter, we highlight the benefits of a comparative developmental approach, not only for ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this chapter, we highlight the benefits of a comparative developmental approach, not only for revealing which social cognitive capacities are unique or shared across species, but also for uncovering environmental influences and physiological underpinnings of social understanding in infancy. We discuss human and nonhuman primate infants’ (a) recognition of, and selective attention toward, social agents, (b) affiliation toward conspecifics and similar others, and (c) basic action understanding, as three examples of important social cognitive skills. These skills appear foundational, emerging early in development, and are shared across species, suggesting they may be (some of) the precursors upon which later, higher-order social cognitive abilities are built. Throughout, we emphasize how comparative studies can reveal nuances not readily observable in humans alone, including their developmental stability or plastic, early environmental contributions that may support or hinder such skills, and their underlying neural and physiological mechanisms.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4810bebdc681cd391e56caca546cd731" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39803115,"asset_id":17964605,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39803115/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17964605"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17964605"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17964605; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17964605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17964605]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17964605; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='17964605']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17964605, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4810bebdc681cd391e56caca546cd731" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17964605]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17964605,"title":"Drivers of Social Cognitive Development in Human and Non-Human Primate Infants","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this chapter, we highlight the benefits of a comparative developmental approach, not only for revealing which social cognitive capacities are unique or shared across species, but also for uncovering environmental influences and physiological underpinnings of social understanding in infancy. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11575282"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11575282/Neonatal_imitation_and_its_sensory_motor_mechanism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neonatal imitation and its sensory-motor mechanism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37063764/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11575282/Neonatal_imitation_and_its_sensory_motor_mechanism">Neonatal imitation and its sensory-motor mechanism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>New Frontiers in Mirror Neuron Research (Book)</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="66872d079bedeed3e005545e65fa6733" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37063764,"asset_id":11575282,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37063764/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11575282"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11575282"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11575282; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "66872d079bedeed3e005545e65fa6733" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11575282]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11575282,"title":"Neonatal imitation and its sensory-motor mechanism","translated_title":"","metadata":{"more_info":"Elizabeth A. Simpson, Annika Paukner, Stephen J. Suomi, \u0026 Pier F. Ferrari","grobid_abstract":"A developmental approach is critical to understanding mirror neurons and debates surrounding their properties, plasticity, function, and evolution. The presence of inter--individual differences in early social competencies, such as neonatal imitation, are indicative of the complex nature of interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and non--genetic (environmental) factors in shaping action--perception brain networks. In the present review, we propose that three aspects of early social development may explain variability in neonatal imitation, specifically (1) individual differences in sensory--motor matching skills, underpinned by mirror neurons, functioning from birth and refined through postnatal experiences, (2) individual differences in social engagements, with some infants demonstrating stronger preferences for social interactions than others, and (3) more general temperamental differences, such as differences in extroversion or reactivity. We present findings and propose future directions aimed at testing these possibilities by examining individual differences related to imitative skill. Neonatal imitation is a useful tool for assessing infants' sensory--motor matching maturity, social motivation, and temperament, particularly when used with a mindfulness of infants' changing social motivations and expectations. The presence of an action--perception mechanism at birth can be better understood by considering the complex interactions among infants' social competences, sensory--motor skills, environmental influences, and individual differences in social interest and temperament.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"New Frontiers in Mirror Neuron Research (Book)","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":37063764},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11575282/Neonatal_imitation_and_its_sensory_motor_mechanism","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-03-21T16:01:26.713-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37063764,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37063764/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al_book_chapter.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37063764/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Neonatal_imitation_and_its_sensory_motor.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37063764/Simpson_et_al_book_chapter-libre.pdf?1426978935=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNeonatal_imitation_and_its_sensory_motor.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986443\u0026Signature=UNii3lAJ-LTDjOvy36~Xggpyv7fvNawD95AnZeumwpof4OLSdRpqAsRF1KV0XfyHOYBhNNiZYP-s-RX4NvnvyQiLcIO9ynZAP9TFIrfxLYX3DgMnEXabJICo5rJo8fQAXHf0VRW7f0UJv32EizASUubiBlDb~la14zQd5FZ3xxKb9-UODIkJMEiC6nw1VFQOzsE2jaojUbWseW9gYPNhsp2oDDI6GAnuORCSdGCkVzwT-xczFiVqPOUxB-kwwSiyjh3bz1q2a9KUHanrC25Nz7ItCsBUUdIly~gjpuceML1miyBPd2fYAQp-7Jfv28laqRGy19qST17wnwocN-1Z7w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Neonatal_imitation_and_its_sensory_motor_mechanism","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":37063764,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37063764/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al_book_chapter.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37063764/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Neonatal_imitation_and_its_sensory_motor.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37063764/Simpson_et_al_book_chapter-libre.pdf?1426978935=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNeonatal_imitation_and_its_sensory_motor.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986443\u0026Signature=UNii3lAJ-LTDjOvy36~Xggpyv7fvNawD95AnZeumwpof4OLSdRpqAsRF1KV0XfyHOYBhNNiZYP-s-RX4NvnvyQiLcIO9ynZAP9TFIrfxLYX3DgMnEXabJICo5rJo8fQAXHf0VRW7f0UJv32EizASUubiBlDb~la14zQd5FZ3xxKb9-UODIkJMEiC6nw1VFQOzsE2jaojUbWseW9gYPNhsp2oDDI6GAnuORCSdGCkVzwT-xczFiVqPOUxB-kwwSiyjh3bz1q2a9KUHanrC25Nz7ItCsBUUdIly~gjpuceML1miyBPd2fYAQp-7Jfv28laqRGy19qST17wnwocN-1Z7w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6863,"name":"Perception-Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception-Action"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":66092,"name":"Sensorimotor integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensorimotor_integration"},{"id":102086,"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_and_Individual_Differences"},{"id":253547,"name":"Neonatal imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_imitation"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11575134"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11575134/With_a_Little_Help_From_My_Friends_The_Role_of_Peer_Mentoring_in_Graduate_Student_Teaching_Assistant_Development"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of With a Little Help From My Friends: The Role of Peer Mentoring in Graduate Student Teaching Assistant Development" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37063609/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11575134/With_a_Little_Help_From_My_Friends_The_Role_of_Peer_Mentoring_in_Graduate_Student_Teaching_Assistant_Development">With a Little Help From My Friends: The Role of Peer Mentoring in Graduate Student Teaching Assistant Development</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mentoring plays a crucial role in the academic, professional, and personal development of graduat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mentoring plays a crucial role in the academic, professional, and personal development of<br />graduate students, both in the context of scholarly research and teaching. In this chapter, we<br />discuss the role of mentoring in supporting the teaching-related training of graduate students. Particular attention is given to the unique benefits and challenges that accompany peer mentoring, which involves graduate students working together to improve each other’s teaching skills. In the sections that follow, we describe several examples of peer mentoring and discuss research on peer mentoring’s effects on teacher training. We then identify potential challenges and barriers that can affect the success of peer-mentoring programs. Finally, we highlight some practical considerations related to implementing peer mentoring programs to complement existing teaching assistant (TA) training activities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1695e7ed654a417bb3293903d490d553" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37063609,"asset_id":11575134,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37063609/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11575134"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11575134"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11575134; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11575134]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11575134]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11575134; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11575134']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11575134, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1695e7ed654a417bb3293903d490d553" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11575134]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11575134,"title":"With a Little Help From My Friends: The Role of Peer Mentoring in Graduate Student Teaching Assistant Development","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mentoring plays a crucial role in the academic, professional, and personal development of\ngraduate students, both in the context of scholarly research and teaching. In this chapter, we\ndiscuss the role of mentoring in supporting the teaching-related training of graduate students. Particular attention is given to the unique benefits and challenges that accompany peer mentoring, which involves graduate students working together to improve each other’s teaching skills. In the sections that follow, we describe several examples of peer mentoring and discuss research on peer mentoring’s effects on teacher training. We then identify potential challenges and barriers that can affect the success of peer-mentoring programs. Finally, we highlight some practical considerations related to implementing peer mentoring programs to complement existing teaching assistant (TA) training activities."},"translated_abstract":"Mentoring plays a crucial role in the academic, professional, and personal development of\ngraduate students, both in the context of scholarly research and teaching. In this chapter, we\ndiscuss the role of mentoring in supporting the teaching-related training of graduate students. Particular attention is given to the unique benefits and challenges that accompany peer mentoring, which involves graduate students working together to improve each other’s teaching skills. In the sections that follow, we describe several examples of peer mentoring and discuss research on peer mentoring’s effects on teacher training. We then identify potential challenges and barriers that can affect the success of peer-mentoring programs. Finally, we highlight some practical considerations related to implementing peer mentoring programs to complement existing teaching assistant (TA) training activities.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11575134/With_a_Little_Help_From_My_Friends_The_Role_of_Peer_Mentoring_in_Graduate_Student_Teaching_Assistant_Development","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-03-21T15:44:21.571-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":309634,"work_id":11575134,"tagging_user_id":40283,"tagged_user_id":12586325,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***j@gmail.com","display_order":null,"name":"none lala","title":"With a Little Help From My Friends: The Role of Peer Mentoring in Graduate Student Teaching Assistant Development"},{"id":309633,"work_id":11575134,"tagging_user_id":40283,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":126892,"email":"o***i@gmail.com","display_order":null,"name":"Michael Amlung","title":"With a Little Help From My Friends: The Role of Peer Mentoring in Graduate Student Teaching Assistant Development"},{"id":309635,"work_id":11575134,"tagging_user_id":40283,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":126893,"email":"l***i@gmail.com","display_order":null,"name":"Denise P. Domizi","title":"With a Little Help From My Friends: The Role of Peer Mentoring in Graduate Student Teaching Assistant Development"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37063609,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37063609/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Amlung_et_al__in_press.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37063609/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"With_a_Little_Help_From_My_Friends_The_R.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37063609/Amlung_et_al__in_press-libre.pdf?1426977672=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWith_a_Little_Help_From_My_Friends_The_R.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986443\u0026Signature=Wn0zIHZIV~sR2eFmcusgjYyRnT~gOMUXUyhXL-ulu04R0DjyZpCMy0W7Inh7qxwSvwSy5P7D0zCfJT7GOde5mYj5EBalUoz~q~sera8-PJZl4IllvjwMGEkZdIi1zSuSdnHHF6g4UkIIuHoBuM6hqNgAj3SvL3LK7m40~jua0Eje4Nrzo1POc8pLFlgra9Iz-Bcx7wp2e~ovuRi9vXgP9IjxT8t5BIkmrqoRUX5gTi0Y57uICScKp505RUyPytDOgqPLyR6okAFcsJqFYf4YCka7e4cVC~zsnNkv5nNeGMzeOEmiV-3fWsWHG6tdaSoogoQgaUvzYah1Rm6Vv~lvBQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"With_a_Little_Help_From_My_Friends_The_Role_of_Peer_Mentoring_in_Graduate_Student_Teaching_Assistant_Development","translated_slug":"","page_count":25,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":37063609,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37063609/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Amlung_et_al__in_press.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37063609/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"With_a_Little_Help_From_My_Friends_The_R.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37063609/Amlung_et_al__in_press-libre.pdf?1426977672=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWith_a_Little_Help_From_My_Friends_The_R.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986443\u0026Signature=Wn0zIHZIV~sR2eFmcusgjYyRnT~gOMUXUyhXL-ulu04R0DjyZpCMy0W7Inh7qxwSvwSy5P7D0zCfJT7GOde5mYj5EBalUoz~q~sera8-PJZl4IllvjwMGEkZdIi1zSuSdnHHF6g4UkIIuHoBuM6hqNgAj3SvL3LK7m40~jua0Eje4Nrzo1POc8pLFlgra9Iz-Bcx7wp2e~ovuRi9vXgP9IjxT8t5BIkmrqoRUX5gTi0Y57uICScKp505RUyPytDOgqPLyR6okAFcsJqFYf4YCka7e4cVC~zsnNkv5nNeGMzeOEmiV-3fWsWHG6tdaSoogoQgaUvzYah1Rm6Vv~lvBQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":40067,"name":"Academia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academia"},{"id":90430,"name":"College teaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/College_teaching"},{"id":116526,"name":"Graduate Student","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graduate_Student"},{"id":220479,"name":"Peer Mentoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peer_Mentoring"},{"id":801449,"name":"Graduate Teaching Assistant Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graduate_Teaching_Assistant_Training"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="314420"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/314420/Brain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_processing_in_men_and_women"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Brain correlates of vocal emotional processing in men and women" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11970271/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/314420/Brain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_processing_in_men_and_women">Brain correlates of vocal emotional processing in men and women</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The expression of emotions plays a key role in human communication. Besides language, humans use ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The expression of emotions plays a key role in human communication. Besides language, humans use nonverbal cues such as facial and vocal expressions to convey emotions. The voice is especially important as an emotional medium because it is a carrier for spoken language production. Additionally, listeners can perceive vocal expressions across long distances and in situations where facial or gestural information is not available (e.g., telephone). It is commonly believed that women are better than men in recognizing emotional tone of voice and this belief has been confirmed in behavioral studies. Unfortunately, it is not until recently that sex has been considered as a modulating factor of the brain mechanisms underlying vocal emotion comprehension. Here we present work that sheds some light on the neuroanatomical and temporal underpinnings of these mechanisms as they occur in men and women. Respective findings not only enhance our understanding of vocal emotional comprehension, they also make it clear that research on sex differences in emotion recognition provides useful insight into sex specific interaction patterns that may help explain some of the difficulties that arise when men and women communicate.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ed71278f7bc2e218ec280015fb29a266" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":11970271,"asset_id":314420,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11970271/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="314420"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="314420"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 314420; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=314420]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=314420]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 314420; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='314420']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 314420, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ed71278f7bc2e218ec280015fb29a266" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=314420]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":314420,"title":"Brain correlates of vocal emotional processing in men and women","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The expression of emotions plays a key role in human communication. Besides language, humans use nonverbal cues such as facial and vocal expressions to convey emotions. The voice is especially important as an emotional medium because it is a carrier for spoken language production. Additionally, listeners can perceive vocal expressions across long distances and in situations where facial or gestural information is not available (e.g., telephone). It is commonly believed that women are better than men in recognizing emotional tone of voice and this belief has been confirmed in behavioral studies. Unfortunately, it is not until recently that sex has been considered as a modulating factor of the brain mechanisms underlying vocal emotion comprehension. Here we present work that sheds some light on the neuroanatomical and temporal underpinnings of these mechanisms as they occur in men and women. Respective findings not only enhance our understanding of vocal emotional comprehension, they also make it clear that research on sex differences in emotion recognition provides useful insight into sex specific interaction patterns that may help explain some of the difficulties that arise when men and women communicate.","more_info":"Book chapter by Annett Schirmer \u0026 Elizabeth Simpson, In: Voice and Emotion. K. Izdebski (Ed.). Plural Publishing: San Diego. 75-86."},"translated_abstract":"The expression of emotions plays a key role in human communication. Besides language, humans use nonverbal cues such as facial and vocal expressions to convey emotions. The voice is especially important as an emotional medium because it is a carrier for spoken language production. Additionally, listeners can perceive vocal expressions across long distances and in situations where facial or gestural information is not available (e.g., telephone). It is commonly believed that women are better than men in recognizing emotional tone of voice and this belief has been confirmed in behavioral studies. Unfortunately, it is not until recently that sex has been considered as a modulating factor of the brain mechanisms underlying vocal emotion comprehension. Here we present work that sheds some light on the neuroanatomical and temporal underpinnings of these mechanisms as they occur in men and women. Respective findings not only enhance our understanding of vocal emotional comprehension, they also make it clear that research on sex differences in emotion recognition provides useful insight into sex specific interaction patterns that may help explain some of the difficulties that arise when men and women communicate.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/314420/Brain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_processing_in_men_and_women","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2010-09-01T00:00:50.232-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11970271,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11970271/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Schirmer___Simpson_(2007)_Brain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_processing_in_men_and_women.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11970271/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Brain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_proc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11970271/Schirmer___Simpson_%282007%29_Brain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_processing_in_men_and_women-libre.pdf?1390860772=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBrain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_proc.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986443\u0026Signature=e~7Qkj3eZ9fixwqfJM5bGwNMn2E0PcB9E1nvW~UPHLeHWry-iVDzbA7CSAOtEiQWcdOv~r7uSu70IOUPL4lSvPmCawQx3BMiBZv9csAi4NWiWjnCPT38RTiiQ9AuhQ3UNl6NMsSY7N24GIbZiO0OX8nXt5liTESAtKmmMLpR-eGP8TC0oxua6F7c9eRC-sX~AddYtEYJe9s5Zo7N6dxqBIhhmICKcSoZp5cDtil80S~bq36CsLOrDRhGZCe3LM7qd95VgC-LeG9r9r5szJx1CLHJQOzAZ4gKAufNa~jNhcRShIivGYuwqEnKfxD8hySMSAzKcwADGaBoiUMVYn5GWg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Brain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_processing_in_men_and_women","translated_slug":"","page_count":24,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":11970271,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11970271/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Schirmer___Simpson_(2007)_Brain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_processing_in_men_and_women.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11970271/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Brain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_proc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11970271/Schirmer___Simpson_%282007%29_Brain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_processing_in_men_and_women-libre.pdf?1390860772=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBrain_correlates_of_vocal_emotional_proc.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986443\u0026Signature=e~7Qkj3eZ9fixwqfJM5bGwNMn2E0PcB9E1nvW~UPHLeHWry-iVDzbA7CSAOtEiQWcdOv~r7uSu70IOUPL4lSvPmCawQx3BMiBZv9csAi4NWiWjnCPT38RTiiQ9AuhQ3UNl6NMsSY7N24GIbZiO0OX8nXt5liTESAtKmmMLpR-eGP8TC0oxua6F7c9eRC-sX~AddYtEYJe9s5Zo7N6dxqBIhhmICKcSoZp5cDtil80S~bq36CsLOrDRhGZCe3LM7qd95VgC-LeG9r9r5szJx1CLHJQOzAZ4gKAufNa~jNhcRShIivGYuwqEnKfxD8hySMSAzKcwADGaBoiUMVYn5GWg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion"},{"id":30048,"name":"Individual Differences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individual_Differences"},{"id":75509,"name":"Sex Difference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Difference"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="642827" id="researchcommentaries"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="28803647"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/28803647/Animal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstandings_about_neonatal_imitation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Animal studies help clarify misunderstandings about neonatal imitation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49221004/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/28803647/Animal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstandings_about_neonatal_imitation">Animal studies help clarify misunderstandings about neonatal imitation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Empirical studies are incompatible with the proposal that neonatal imitation is arousal-driven or...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Empirical studies are incompatible with the proposal that neonatal imitation is arousal-driven or declining with age. Nonhuman primate (NHP) studies reveal a functioning brain mirror system from birth, developmental continuity in imitation and later sociability, and the malleability of neonatal imitation, shaped by the early environment. A narrow focus on arousal effects and reflexes may grossly underestimate neonatal capacities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6d11303d25cef49ad46ad6bc724fc423" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":49221004,"asset_id":28803647,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49221004/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="28803647"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28803647"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28803647; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28803647]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28803647]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28803647; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='28803647']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28803647, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6d11303d25cef49ad46ad6bc724fc423" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=28803647]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":28803647,"title":"Animal studies help clarify misunderstandings about neonatal imitation","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Empirical studies are incompatible with the proposal that neonatal imitation is arousal-driven or declining with age. Nonhuman primate (NHP) studies reveal a functioning brain mirror system from birth, developmental continuity in imitation and later sociability, and the malleability of neonatal imitation, shaped by the early environment. A narrow focus on arousal effects and reflexes may grossly underestimate neonatal capacities."},"translated_abstract":"Empirical studies are incompatible with the proposal that neonatal imitation is arousal-driven or declining with age. Nonhuman primate (NHP) studies reveal a functioning brain mirror system from birth, developmental continuity in imitation and later sociability, and the malleability of neonatal imitation, shaped by the early environment. A narrow focus on arousal effects and reflexes may grossly underestimate neonatal capacities.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28803647/Animal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstandings_about_neonatal_imitation","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-09-29T13:22:54.051-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49221004,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49221004/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al__in_press_-_Animal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstandings_about_neonatal_imitation.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49221004/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Animal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstan.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/49221004/Simpson_et_al__in_press_-_Animal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstandings_about_neonatal_imitation-libre.pdf?1475180811=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnimal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstan.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986444\u0026Signature=UCqFZvEs9c6cUAAd7R9CR8~kYeZbrmV8oOGMAyP-TQJ7MnKnF48L6mIRRG11WLIRuYLSRUUiWn2eYpMOo9ltzjZko6qkp-9oBrNU47gHgxR6ykn91MdFUKdw1Yu~LaDKhBiyBwQHORxBoHvgZXbu7nQbeYliWz8e-jNfqWQjTWoxhNjtNhPuEWWS4pb2Zx5WQyqAsROJ2tzmUVHexZwh5rY~hUhHTZud5Jq6wpwK5x8aJs5KUHtsm2trot65YGZh8q9yRGXUxGvdTZpdK~d~Hj~fVjdo-hSe4W3VXmBhRzEwjSFD1Zmdf-ENOadre5HdrH-UsFApOoRonp8Eb2dX1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Animal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstandings_about_neonatal_imitation","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[{"id":49221004,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49221004/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Simpson_et_al__in_press_-_Animal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstandings_about_neonatal_imitation.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49221004/download_file?st=MTczMjk4Mjg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Animal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstan.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/49221004/Simpson_et_al__in_press_-_Animal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstandings_about_neonatal_imitation-libre.pdf?1475180811=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnimal_studies_help_clarify_misunderstan.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986444\u0026Signature=UCqFZvEs9c6cUAAd7R9CR8~kYeZbrmV8oOGMAyP-TQJ7MnKnF48L6mIRRG11WLIRuYLSRUUiWn2eYpMOo9ltzjZko6qkp-9oBrNU47gHgxR6ykn91MdFUKdw1Yu~LaDKhBiyBwQHORxBoHvgZXbu7nQbeYliWz8e-jNfqWQjTWoxhNjtNhPuEWWS4pb2Zx5WQyqAsROJ2tzmUVHexZwh5rY~hUhHTZud5Jq6wpwK5x8aJs5KUHtsm2trot65YGZh8q9yRGXUxGvdTZpdK~d~Hj~fVjdo-hSe4W3VXmBhRzEwjSFD1Zmdf-ENOadre5HdrH-UsFApOoRonp8Eb2dX1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology"},{"id":32011,"name":"Comparative psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates"},{"id":125632,"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences"},{"id":138239,"name":"Neonates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonates"},{"id":253547,"name":"Neonatal imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_imitation"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4105583"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4105583/Neonatal_imitation_and_an_epigenetic_account_of_mirror_neuron_development"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neonatal imitation and an epigenetic account of mirror neuron development" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4105583/Neonatal_imitation_and_an_epigenetic_account_of_mirror_neuron_development">Neonatal imitation and an epigenetic account of mirror neuron development</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Neonatal imitation should not exclusively be considered at the population-level; instead, we prop...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Neonatal imitation should not exclusively be considered at the population-level; instead, we propose that inconsistent findings regarding its occurrence result from important individual differences in imitative responses. We also highlight what we consider to be a false dichotomy of genetic versus learning accounts of the development of mirror neurons (MNs) and, instead, suggest a more parsimonious epigenetic perspective.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="4105583"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4105583"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4105583; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4105583]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4105583]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4105583; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='4105583']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4105583, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=4105583]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":4105583,"title":"Neonatal imitation and an epigenetic account of mirror neuron development","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Neonatal imitation should not exclusively be considered at the population-level; instead, we propose that inconsistent findings regarding its occurrence result from important individual differences in imitative responses. We also highlight what we consider to be a false dichotomy of genetic versus learning accounts of the development of mirror neurons (MNs) and, instead, suggest a more parsimonious epigenetic perspective.","more_info":"Simpson, E. A., Fox, N. A., Tramacere, A., \u0026 Ferrari, P. F. (in press). ","publication_name":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"Neonatal imitation should not exclusively be considered at the population-level; instead, we propose that inconsistent findings regarding its occurrence result from important individual differences in imitative responses. We also highlight what we consider to be a false dichotomy of genetic versus learning accounts of the development of mirror neurons (MNs) and, instead, suggest a more parsimonious epigenetic perspective.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4105583/Neonatal_imitation_and_an_epigenetic_account_of_mirror_neuron_development","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-07-25T11:22:04.088-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":40283,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Neonatal_imitation_and_an_epigenetic_account_of_mirror_neuron_development","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":40283,"first_name":"Elizabeth","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Simpson","page_name":"ElizabethSimpson","domain_name":"miami","created_at":"2009-04-21T11:59:00.138-07:00","display_name":"Elizabeth Simpson","url":"https://miami.academia.edu/ElizabethSimpson"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":3675,"name":"Mirror Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mirror_Neurons"},{"id":22404,"name":"Epigenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigenetics"},{"id":29470,"name":"Infancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infancy"},{"id":100564,"name":"Mirror Neuron System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mirror_Neuron_System"},{"id":253547,"name":"Neonatal imitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_imitation"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4105666"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4105666/Mirror_neurons_are_central_for_a_second_person_neuroscience_Insights_from_developmental_studies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mirror neurons are central for a second-person neuroscience: Insights from developmental studies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4105666/Mirror_neurons_are_central_for_a_second_person_neuroscience_Insights_from_developmental_studies">Mirror neurons are central for a second-person neuroscience: Insights from developmental studies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Based on mirror neurons' properties, viewers are emotionally engaged when observing others – even...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Based on mirror neurons' properties, viewers are emotionally engaged when observing others – even when not actively interacting; therefore, characterizing non-participatory action-viewing as isolated may be misleading. Instead, we propose a continuum of socio-emotional engagement. We also highlight recent developmental work that uses a second-person perspective, investigating behavioral, physiological, and neural activity during caregiver–infant interactions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="4105666"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4105666"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4105666; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4105666]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4105666]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4105666; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='4105666']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4105666, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=4105666]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":4105666,"title":"Mirror neurons are central for a second-person neuroscience: Insights from developmental studies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Based on mirror neurons' properties, viewers are emotionally engaged when observing others – even when not actively interacting; therefore, characterizing non-participatory action-viewing as isolated may be misleading. 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Individual differences and the Simulation of Smiles Model" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/314391/Can_we_really_leave_gender_out_of_it_Individual_differences_and_the_Simulation_of_Smiles_Model">Can we really leave gender out of it? Individual differences and the Simulation of Smiles Model</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gender differences in face-based emotion recognition, notably differential use of mimicry, may co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gender differences in face-based emotion recognition, notably differential use of mimicry, may compromise the extent to which the Simulation of Smiles model can be generalized to populations besides the adult females on which it has been tested. Much work indicates sex differences in face-based emotion recognition, including smile recognition.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="314391"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="314391"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 314391; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=314391]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=314391]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 314391; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='314391']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 314391, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=314391]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":314391,"title":"Can we really leave gender out of it? 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Our brains distinguish voice from non-voice sounds early in processing, and dedicate more resources to such processing. We argue that super-expressive voice theory currently cannot account for evidence of the dissociation in processing musical emotion and voice prosody.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="314415"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="314415"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 314415; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=314415]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=314415]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 314415; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='314415']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 314415, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=314415]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":314415,"title":"Super-expressive voices: Music to my ears?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"We present evidence from neuroimaging and brain lesion studies\r\nthat emotional contagion may not be a mechanism underlying musical emotions. 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