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environmental goods</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: environmental goods"> <meta name="keywords" content="environmental goods"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="environmental goods"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7202</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: environmental goods</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7202</span> The Revealed Preference Methods in Economic Valuation of Environmental Goods: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Sousa">Sara Sousa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The environmental goods and services have often been neglected in crucial decisions affecting the environment mainly because the difficulty in estimating their economic value, since we are dealing with non-market goods and, thus, without a price associated. Nevertheless, the inexistence of prices does not necessarily mean these goods have no value. The environment is a key element in today's society that seeks to be as sustainable as possible, where the environmental assets have both use and non-use values. To estimate the use value, researchers may apply the revealed preference methods. This paper provides a theoretical review of the main concepts and methodologies on the economic valuation of the environment, with particular emphasis on the revealed preference techniques. Based on a detailed literature review, this study concludes that, despite some inherent limitations, the revealed preference methodologies – travel cost, hedonic price, and averting behaviour – represent essential tools for the researchers who accept the challenge to estimate the use value of environmental goods and services based on the actual individuals` behaviour. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to an increased theoretical information on the economic valuation of environmental assets, allowing researchers and policymakers to improve future decisions regarding the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20valuation" title="economic valuation">economic valuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20goods" title=" environmental goods"> environmental goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revealed%20preference%20methods" title=" revealed preference methods"> revealed preference methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20economic%20value" title=" total economic value"> total economic value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97435/the-revealed-preference-methods-in-economic-valuation-of-environmental-goods-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7201</span> Consumers Perception on 'Preloved' Luxury Goods in the Malaysian Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Shakila%20Shaari">Noor Shakila Shaari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Though consumptions of luxury goods have had significant attention over the years, ‘preloved’ luxury goods remains a somewhat limited area of study especially in Asian countries such as Malaysia. This paper examines the relevancy of the framework for luxury goods in context to ‘preloved’ luxury goods and whether these two holds the same perception and purchase intention in the eyes of the consumer. A conceptualize framework was derived and findings show that self-expression, conspicuous behaviour and value-expressive and social-adjustive functions are key factors to consumers perception and buying intention of ‘preloved’ luxury goods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behaviour" title="consumer behaviour">consumer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20perception" title=" consumer perception"> consumer perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luxury%20goods" title=" luxury goods"> luxury goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preloved%20luxury%20goods" title=" preloved luxury goods"> preloved luxury goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchase%20intention" title=" purchase intention"> purchase intention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72197/consumers-perception-on-preloved-luxury-goods-in-the-malaysian-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7200</span> The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Bilateral Trade in Goods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20Tay">Christina Tay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on bilateral trade in goods. Empirical analysis is performed on the United States and 34 partnering countries from 2000 to 2013. Our econometric model fits the data well, explaining 52% of the variation in trade flows for goods trade, 53.2% of the variation in trade flows for goods export and 48% of the variation in trade flows for goods import. For every 10% increase in fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 100 people increases, goods trade by 7.9% and for every 5% increase in fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 100 people, goods export increases by 11%. For every 1% increase in fixed telephone line penetration per 100 people, goods trade increases by 26.3%, goods export increases by 24.4% and goods import increases by 24.8%. For every 1% increase in mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, goods trade decreases by 29.6% and goods export decreases by 27.1%, whilst for every 0.01% increase in mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, goods import decreases by 34.3%. For every 1% increase in the percentage of population who used the Internet from any location in the last 12 months Internet, goods trade increases by 32.5%, goods export increases by 38.9%, goods import increases by 33%. All our trade determinants as well as our ICT variables have significances on goods exports for the US. We can also draw from our study that the US relies more rather heavily on ICT for its goods export compared to goods import. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20trade" title="bilateral trade">bilateral trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20broadband" title=" fixed broadband"> fixed broadband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20telephone" title=" fixed telephone"> fixed telephone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goods%20trade" title=" goods trade"> goods trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20and%20communicative%20technologies" title=" information and communicative technologies"> information and communicative technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet" title=" Internet"> Internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile-cellular%20phone" title=" mobile-cellular phone"> mobile-cellular phone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65672/the-impact-of-information-and-communication-technology-on-bilateral-trade-in-goods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7199</span> Maritime Transportation and Environmental Pollution: Emerging Trends and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emil%20Mathew">Emil Mathew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liberalisation policies adopted by a large number of countries, implementation of technological innovations with development in communication networks and continuous reduction in transport costs contributed towards the growth of international transportation of goods over the last 50 to 60 years. The present paper examines the environmental externalities of maritime transportation, that is, externalities associated with the movement of cargoes, as distinct from those emanate from production and consumption of goods. Though shipping is less polluting compared to other modes of transportation, considering the huge volume of goods transported and future growth prospects, it is important to examine environmental externalities of maritime transportation. It focuses on varied types of environmental externalities of maritime transportation and suggests that appropriate policies may be adopted by international agencies to address this issue without adversely affecting the course of international trade and also its possibility to get diverted to alternate modes of transportation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=externalities%20of%20globalisation" title="externalities of globalisation">externalities of globalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20environment" title=" maritime environment"> maritime environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20externality" title=" maritime externality"> maritime externality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20externality" title=" transportation externality"> transportation externality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59247/maritime-transportation-and-environmental-pollution-emerging-trends-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7198</span> Analysis of the Impacts of Capital Goods' Import and Human Capital on the Economic Growth of the Sub Sahahra Africa: A Panel-ARDL Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeleke%20Omolade">Adeleke Omolade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the impacts of capital goods' import and human capital on the economic growth of the Sub Sahahra Africa (SSA). 30 countries were used in the Panel- ARDL analysis where economic growth is the dependent variables and capital goods' import, human capital, primary export, investment exchange rate, among others were used as the independent variables. The result from the panel analysis indicates that capital goods' import will significantly and positively influence economic growth but human capital fails to have significant positive impact on economic growth of the SSA. Earlier the trend analysis and the correlation results have shown that there is a weak association between capital goods' import and human capital in the SSA. The results offer an expository analysis that reveals that the quality of the human capital is very germane to the effective utilization of capital goods' import for the purpose of growth in a primary goods' export dominated region like the SSA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20goods%20import" title="capital goods import">capital goods import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title=" human capital"> human capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Sahara%20Africa" title=" Sub-Sahara Africa"> Sub-Sahara Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82429/analysis-of-the-impacts-of-capital-goods-import-and-human-capital-on-the-economic-growth-of-the-sub-sahahra-africa-a-panel-ardl-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7197</span> Property Rights and Trade Specialization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarma%20Binti%20Aralas">Sarma Binti Aralas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between property rights and trade specialization is examined for developing and developed countries using panel data analysis. Property rights is measured using the international property rights index while trade specialization is measured using the comparative advantage index. Cross country differences in property rights are hypothesized to lead to differences in trade specialization. Based on the argument that a weak protection of natural resources implies greater trade in resource-intensive goods, developing countries with less defined property rights are hypothesized to have a comparative advantage in resource-based exports while countries with more defined property rights will not have an advantage in resource-intensive goods. Evidence suggests that developing countries with weaker environmental protection index but are rich in natural resources do specialize in the trade of resource-intensive goods. The finding suggests that institutional frameworks to increase the stringency of environmental protection of resources may be needed to diversify exports away from the trade of resource-intensive goods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20protection" title="environmental protection">environmental protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20data" title=" panel data"> panel data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20resources" title=" renewable resources"> renewable resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20specialization" title=" trade specialization"> trade specialization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23977/property-rights-and-trade-specialization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7196</span> Evaluation of Environmental Disclosures on Financial Performance of Quoted Industrial Goods Manufacturing Sectors in Nigeria (2011 – 2020)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20C.%20Chima">C. C. Chima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20J.%20M.%20Anumaka"> C. J. M. Anumaka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study evaluates environmental disclosures on the financial performance of quoted industrial goods manufacturing sectors in Nigeria. The study employed a quasi-experimental research design to establish the relationship that exists between the environmental disclosure index and financial performance indices (return on assets - ROA, return on equity - ROE, and earnings per share - EPS). A purposeful sampling technique was employed to select five (5) industrial goods manufacturing sectors quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Secondary data covering 2011 to 2020 financial years were extracted from annual reports of the study sectors using a content analysis method. The data were analyzed using SPSS, Version 23. Panel Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression method was employed in estimating the unknown parameters in the study’s regression model after conducting diagnostic and preliminary tests to ascertain that the data set are reliable and not misleading. Empirical results show that there is an insignificant negative relationship between the environmental disclosure index (EDI) and the performance indices (ROA, ROE, and EPS) of the industrial goods manufacturing sectors in Nigeria. The study recommends that: only relevant information which increases the performance indices should appear on the disclosure checklist; environmental disclosure practices should be country-specific; and company executives in Nigeria should increase and monitor the level of investment (resources, time, and energy) in order to ensure that environmental disclosure has a significant impact on financial performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earnings%20per%20share" title="earnings per share">earnings per share</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20disclosures" title=" environmental disclosures"> environmental disclosures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return%20on%20assets" title=" return on assets"> return on assets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return%20on%20equity" title=" return on equity"> return on equity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159402/evaluation-of-environmental-disclosures-on-financial-performance-of-quoted-industrial-goods-manufacturing-sectors-in-nigeria-2011-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7195</span> Decision Location and Resource Requirement for Relief Goods Assembly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glenda%20B.%20Minguito">Glenda B. Minguito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenith%20L.%20Banluta"> Jenith L. Banluta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the critical aspects of humanitarian operations is the distribution of relief goods to the affected community. The common assumption is that relief goods are prepositioned during disasters which are not applicable in developing countries like the Philippines. During disasters, the on-the-ground government agencies and responders have to procure, sort, weigh and pack the relief goods. There is a need to review the relief goods preparation as it seriously affects the delivery of necessary aid for human survival. This study also identifies the ideal location of the assembly hub to minimize the distance to the affected community. This paper reveals that location and resources are dependent on the type of disasters encountered at the local level. The Center-of-Gravity method and Multiple Activity Chart were applied in the analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanitarian%20supply%20chain" title="humanitarian supply chain">humanitarian supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=location%20decision" title=" location decision"> location decision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20level" title=" local level"> local level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146666/decision-location-and-resource-requirement-for-relief-goods-assembly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7194</span> Scale, Technique and Composition Effects of CO2 Emissions under Trade Liberalization of EGS: A CGE Evaluation for Argentina</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Priscila%20Ramos">M. Priscila Ramos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20O.%20Chisari"> Omar O. Chisari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Pablo%20Vila%20Mart%C3%ADnez"> Juan Pablo Vila Martínez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current literature about trade liberalization of environmental goods and services (EGS) raises doubts about the extent of the triple win-win situation for trade, development and the environment. However, much of this literature does not consider the possibility that this agreement carries technological transmissions, either through trade or foreign direct investment. This paper presents a computable general equilibrium model calibrated for Argentina, where there are alternative technologies (one dirty and one clean according to carbon emissions) to produce the same goods. In this context, the trade liberalization of EGS allows to increase GDP, trade, reduce unemployment and improve the households welfare. However, the capital mobility appears as the key assumption to jointly reach the environmental target, when the positive scale effect generated by the increase in trade is offset by the change in the composition of production (composition and technical effects by the use of the clean alternative technology) and of consumption (composition effect by substitution of relatively lesspolluting imported goods). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CGE%20modeling" title="CGE modeling">CGE modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emissions" title=" CO2 emissions"> CO2 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition%20effect" title=" composition effect"> composition effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20effect" title=" scale effect"> scale effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technique%20effect" title=" technique effect"> technique effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20liberalization%20of%20EGS" title=" trade liberalization of EGS"> trade liberalization of EGS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69500/scale-technique-and-composition-effects-of-co2-emissions-under-trade-liberalization-of-egs-a-cge-evaluation-for-argentina" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7193</span> Exploring the Factors That Influence the Choices of Senior on Sporting Goods and Brands: A Case Study of Wufeng District, Taichung City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting%20Hsiang%20Chang">Ting Hsiang Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng%20Zuo%20Tsai"> Cheng Zuo Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, sports culture dominated in Taiwan, which spurred the rapid development of the sports industry. More innovative and high-tech sporting goods were developed to provide choices for consumers. Nowadays, Taiwan has gradually entered the aging society where people pay more attention to health promotion, delay of aging and other related issues among senior. However, it is an undeniable fact that moderate exercise is a great help to delay aging. Therefore, how senior select the appropriate sporting goods, including sports shoes, sportswear, sports equipment, and even the sports brands when engaged in various kinds of sports, are explored in this research. Therefore, this study sets the reference indicators by exploring the brands of sporting goods, that senior aged 50-70 choose in a fog peak district, the Taichung City, as the subjects of study by answering a questionnaire. Also, this study offers recommendations in terms of the design, marketing or selling of sporting goods for the senior, and how owners of sports brands or related sports industries should target them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=senior" title="senior">senior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title=" aging"> aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sporting%20goods" title=" sporting goods"> sporting goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20brand" title=" sports brand"> sports brand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73496/exploring-the-factors-that-influence-the-choices-of-senior-on-sporting-goods-and-brands-a-case-study-of-wufeng-district-taichung-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7192</span> A Review of Food Reformulation of Sweetened Baked Goods to Reduce Added Sugar Intake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Luo">Xiao Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayashree%20Arcot"> Jayashree Arcot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20P.%20Gill"> Timothy P. Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimmy%20C.%20Louie"> Jimmy C. Louie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20M.%20Rangan"> Anna M. Rangan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excessive consumption of added sugar is negatively associated with many health outcomes such as lower diet quality, dental diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Sugar-sweetened baked goods are popular discretionary foods that contribute significant amounts of added sugar to people’s diets worldwide. Food reformulation is of the most effective methods to reduce consumption of added sugar without significantly altering individual's diet pattern. However, sucrose, as the major sugar in baked goods, plays several vital functional roles such as providing sweetness and bulking, and suitable substitutes must be able to address these. The review examines the literature on sugar-reduced baked goods to summarise the feasible reformulations of low/no added sugar baked goods, and indicates the future directions for healthier baked goods reformulation. Based on this review, polyols and non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are suitable for alternative sweeteners to partially or fully replace sucrose in baked goods. Low-calorie carbohydrates such as oligofructose, polydextrose, maltodextrins are the mostly used bulking agents to compensate the loss of bulk due to the removal of sucrose. This review found that maltitol seems the most suitable sole sucrose substitution at present, while diverse mixtures of NNS( stevia, sucralose, acesulfame-K), other polyols and inulins can also deliver the functionalities of sucrose in baked products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20sweeteners" title="alternative sweeteners">alternative sweeteners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baked%20goods" title=" baked goods"> baked goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reformulation" title=" reformulation"> reformulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar%20reduction" title=" sugar reduction"> sugar reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92990/a-review-of-food-reformulation-of-sweetened-baked-goods-to-reduce-added-sugar-intake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7191</span> A Comparative Study of Primary Revenue Sources in the U.S. Professional Sports, Intercollegiate Sports, and Sporting Goods Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chenghao%20Ma">Chenghao Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper mainly examines and compares the primary revenue sources in the professional sports, intercollegiate sports, and sporting goods industries in the U.S. In the professional team sport, revenues may come from different resources, including broadcasting rights, ticket sales, corporate partnerships, naming rights, licensed merchandise, luxury suites, club seating, ancillary activities, and transfer fees. Many universities use university budgets and student fees to cover the cost of collegiate athletics. Other sources of revenue include ticket sales, broadcast rights, concessions, corporate partnerships, cash contributions from alumni, and others. Revenues in the sporting goods industry are very different compared with professional sports teams and collegiate athletics. Sporting goods companies mainly sell a line of products and equipment to generate revenue. Revenues are critical for sports organizations, including professional sports teams, intercollegiate athletics, and sporting goods companies. There are similarities and differences among these areas. Sports managers are looking for new ways to generate revenues, and there are many changes of sources because of the development of the internet and technology. Compared with intercollegiate athletics, professional sport and sporting goods companies will create more revenue opportunities globally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revenue%20sources" title="revenue sources">revenue sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20sports" title=" professional sports"> professional sports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercollegiate%20athletics" title=" intercollegiate athletics"> intercollegiate athletics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sporting%20goods%20industry" title=" sporting goods industry"> sporting goods industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139948/a-comparative-study-of-primary-revenue-sources-in-the-us-professional-sports-intercollegiate-sports-and-sporting-goods-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7190</span> Process Flows and Risk Analysis for the Global E-SMC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taeho%20Park">Taeho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Zhou"> Ming Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangryul%20Shim"> Sangryul Shim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the emergence of the global economy, today’s business environment is getting more competitive than ever in the past. And many supply chain (SC) strategies and operations have significantly been altered over the past decade to overcome more complexities and risks imposed onto the global business. First, offshoring and outsourcing are more adopted as operational strategies. Manufacturing continues to move to better locations for enhancing competitiveness. Second, international operations are a challenge to a company’s SC system. Third, the products traded in the SC system are not just physical goods, but also digital goods (e.g., software, e-books, music, video materials). There are three main flows involved in fulfilling the activities in the SC system: physical flow, information flow, and financial flow. An advance of the Internet and electronic communication technologies has enabled companies to perform the flows of SC activities in electronic formats, resulting in the advent of an electronic supply chain management (e-SCM) system. A SC system for digital goods is somewhat different from the supply chain system for physical goods. However, it involves many similar or identical SC activities and flows. For example, like the production of physical goods, many third parties are also involved in producing digital goods for the production of components and even final products. This research aims at identifying process flows of both physical and digital goods in a SC system, and then investigating all risk elements involved in the physical, information, and financial flows during the fulfilment of SC activities. There are many risks inherent in the e-SCM system. Some risks may have severe impact on a company’s business, and some occur frequently but are not detrimental enough to jeopardize a company. Thus, companies should assess the impact and frequency of those risks, and then prioritize them in terms of their severity, frequency, budget, and time in order to be carefully maintained. We found risks involved in the global trading of physical and digital goods in four different categories: environmental risk, strategic risk, technological risk, and operational risk. And then the significance of those risks was investigated through a survey. The survey asked companies about the frequency and severity of the identified risks. They were also asked whether they had faced those risks in the past. Since the characteristics and supply chain flows of digital goods are varying industry by industry and country by country, it is more meaningful and useful to analyze risks by industry and country. To this end, more data in each industry sector and country should be collected, which could be accomplished in the future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20goods" title="digital goods">digital goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-SCM" title=" e-SCM"> e-SCM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20analysis" title=" risk analysis"> risk analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20flows" title=" supply chain flows"> supply chain flows</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36628/process-flows-and-risk-analysis-for-the-global-e-smc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7189</span> Carbon Pool Assessment in Two Community Forest in Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khemnath%20Kharel">Khemnath Kharel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forest itself is a factory as well as product. It supplies tangible and intangible goods and services. It supplies timber, fuel wood, fodder, grass leaf litter as well as non timber edible goods and medicinal and aromatic products additionally provides environmental services. These environmental services are of local, national, or even global importance. In Nepal more than 19 thousands community forests are providing environmental service in less economic benefit than actual efficiency. There is a risk of cost of management of those forest exceeds benefits and forests get converted to open access resources in future. Most of the environmental goods and services don’t have markets which mean no prices at which they are available to the consumers therefore the valuation of these services goods and services establishment of paying mechanism for such services and insure the benefit to community is more relevant in local as well as global scale. There are few examples of carbon trading in domestic level to meet the country wide emission goal. In this contest the study aims to explore the public attitude towards carbon offsetting and their responsibility over service providers. This study helps in promotion of environment service awareness among general people and service provider; community forest. The research helps to unveil the carbon pool scenario in community forest and willingness to pay for carbon offsetting of people who are consuming more energy than general people and emitting relatively more carbon in atmosphere. The study has assessed the carbon pool status in two community forest. In the study in two community forests carbon pools were assessed following the guideline “Forest Carbon Inventory Guideline 2010” prescribed by Ministry of Forest and soil Conservation, Nepal. Final out comes of analysis in intensively managed area of Hokse CF recorded as 103.58 tons C /ha with 6173.30 tons carbon stock. Similarly in Hariyali CF carbon density was recorded 251.72 mg C /ha. The total carbon stock of intensively managed blocks in Hariyali CF is 35839.62 tons carbon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon" title="carbon">carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offsetting" title=" offsetting"> offsetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequestration" title=" sequestration"> sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valuation" title=" valuation"> valuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34160/carbon-pool-assessment-in-two-community-forest-in-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7188</span> Influence of Transportation Mode to the Deterioration Rate: Case Study of Food Transport by Ship</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danijela%20Tuljak-Suban">Danijela Tuljak-Suban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valter%20Suban"> Valter Suban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food as perishable goods represents a specific and sensitive part in the supply chain theory, since changing of its physical or chemical characteristics considerably influences the approach to stock management. The most delicate phase of this process is transportation, where it becomes difficult to ensure stability conditions that limit the deterioration, since the value of the deterioration rate could be easily influenced by the transportation mode. Fuzzy definition of variables allows taking into account these variations. Furthermore an appropriate choice of the defuzzification method permits to adapt results, as much as possible, to real conditions. In the article will be applied the those methods to the relationship between the deterioration rate of perishable goods and transportation by ship, with the aim: (a) to minimize the total costs function, defined as the sum of the ordering cost, holding cost, disposing cost and transportation costs, and (b) to improve supply chain sustainability by reducing the environmental impact and waste disposal costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perishable%20goods" title="perishable goods">perishable goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20reasoning" title=" fuzzy reasoning"> fuzzy reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20by%20ship" title=" transport by ship"> transport by ship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20sustainability" title=" supply chain sustainability"> supply chain sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16462/influence-of-transportation-mode-to-the-deterioration-rate-case-study-of-food-transport-by-ship" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7187</span> Carbon Pool Assessment in Community Forests, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medani%20Prasad%20Rijal">Medani Prasad Rijal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forest itself is a factory as well as product. It supplies tangible and intangible goods and services. It supplies timber, fuel wood, fodder, grass leaf litter as well as non timber edible goods and medicinal and aromatic products additionally provides environmental services. These environmental services are of local, national or even global importance. In Nepal, more than 19 thousands community forests are providing environmental service in less economic benefit than actual efficiency. There is a risk of cost of management of those forest exceeds benefits and forests get converted to open access resources in future. Most of the environmental goods and services do not have markets which mean no prices at which they are available to the consumers, therefore the valuation of these services goods and services establishment of paying mechanism for such services and insure the benefit to community is more relevant in local as well as global scale. There are few examples of carbon trading in domestic level to meet the country wide emission goal. In this contest, the study aims to explore the public attitude towards carbon offsetting and their responsibility over service providers. This study helps in promotion of environment service awareness among general people, service provider and community forest. The research helps to unveil the carbon pool scenario in community forest and willingness to pay for carbon offsetting of people who are consuming more energy than general people and emitting relatively more carbon in atmosphere. The study has assessed the carbon pool status in two community forest and valuated carbon service from community forest through willingness to pay in Dharan municipality situated in eastern. In the study, in two community forests carbon pools were assessed following the guideline “Forest Carbon Inventory Guideline 2010” prescribed by Ministry of Forest and soil Conservation, Nepal. Final outcomes of analysis in intensively managed area of Hokse CF recorded as 103.58 tons C /ha with 6173.30 tons carbon stock. Similarly in Hariyali CF carbon density was recorded 251.72 mg C /ha. The total carbon stock of intensively managed blocks in Hariyali CF is 35839.62 tons carbon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon" title="carbon">carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offsetting" title=" offsetting"> offsetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequestration" title=" sequestration"> sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valuation" title=" valuation"> valuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=willingness%20to%20pay" title=" willingness to pay"> willingness to pay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26637/carbon-pool-assessment-in-community-forests-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7186</span> Public Debt Shocks and Public Goods Provisioning in Nigeria: Implication for National Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amenawo%20I.%20Offiong">Amenawo I. Offiong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hodo%20B.%20Riman"> Hodo B. Riman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public debt profile of Nigeria has continuously been on the increase over the years. The drop in international crude oil prices has further worsened revenue position of the country, thus, necessitating further acquisition of public debt to bridge the gap in revenue deficit. Yet, when we look back at the increasing public sector spending, there are concerns that the government spending do not amount to increase in public goods provided for the country. Using data from 1980 to 2014 the study therefore seeks to investigate the factors responsible for the poor provision of public goods in the face of increasing public debt profile. Using the unrestricted VAR model Governance and Tax revenue were introduced into the model as structural variables. The result suggested that governance and tax revenue were structural determinants of the effectiveness of public goods provisioning in Nigeria. The study therefore identified weak governance as the major reason for the non-provision of public goods in Nigeria. While tax revenue exerted positive influence on the provisions of public goods, weak/poor governance was observed to crowd the benefits from increase tax revenue. The study therefore recommends reappraisal of the governance system in Nigeria. Elected officers in governance should be more transparent and accountable to the electorates they represent. Furthermore, the study advocates for an annual auditing of all government MDAs accounts by external auditors to ensure (a) accountability of public debts utilization, (b) transparent in implementation of program support funds, (c) integrity of agencies responsible for program management, and (d) measuring program effectiveness with amount of funds expended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impulse%20response%20function" title="impulse response function">impulse response function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20debt%20shocks" title=" public debt shocks"> public debt shocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20goods" title=" public goods"> public goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20revenue" title=" tax revenue"> tax revenue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20auto-regression" title=" vector auto-regression"> vector auto-regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42628/public-debt-shocks-and-public-goods-provisioning-in-nigeria-implication-for-national-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7185</span> A Metaheuristic Approach for Optimizing Perishable Goods Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahare%20Askarian">Bahare Askarian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchithra%20Rajendran"> Suchithra Rajendran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maintaining the freshness and quality of perishable goods during distribution is a critical challenge for logistics companies. This study presents a comprehensive framework aimed at optimizing the distribution of perishable goods through a mathematical model of the Transportation Inventory Location Routing Problem (TILRP). The model incorporates the impact of product age on customer demand, addressing the complexities associated with inventory management and routing. To tackle this problem, we develop both simple and hybrid metaheuristic algorithms designed for small- and medium-scale scenarios. The hybrid algorithm combines Biogeographical Based Optimization (BBO) algorithms with local search techniques to enhance performance in small- and medium-scale scenarios, extending our approach to larger-scale challenges. Through extensive numerical simulations and sensitivity analyses across various scenarios, the performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated, assessing their effectiveness in achieving optimal solutions. The results demonstrate that our algorithms significantly enhance distribution efficiency, offering valuable insights for logistics companies striving to improve their perishable goods supply chains. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perishable%20goods" title="perishable goods">perishable goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-heuristic%20algorithm" title=" meta-heuristic algorithm"> meta-heuristic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20problem" title=" vehicle problem"> vehicle problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20models" title=" inventory models"> inventory models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191964/a-metaheuristic-approach-for-optimizing-perishable-goods-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7184</span> Evidence of Conditional and Unconditional Cooperation in a Public Goods Game: Experimental Evidence from Mali</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Laura%20Alzua">Maria Laura Alzua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Adelaida%20Lopera"> Maria Adelaida Lopera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper measures the relative importance of conditional cooperation and unconditional cooperation in a large public goods experiment conducted in Mali. We use expectations about total public goods provision to estimate a structural choice model with heterogeneous preferences. While unconditional cooperation can be captured by common preferences shared by all participants, conditional cooperation is much more heterogeneous and depends on unobserved individual factors. This structural model, in combination with two experimental treatments, suggests that leadership and group communication incentivize public goods provision through different channels. First, We find that participation of local leaders effectively changes individual choices through unconditional cooperation. A simulation exercise predicts that even in the most pessimistic scenario in which all participants expect zero public good provision, 60% would still choose to cooperate. Second, allowing participants to communicate fosters conditional cooperation. The simulations suggest that expectations are responsible for around 24% of the observed public good provision and that group communication does not necessarily ameliorate public good provision. In fact, communication may even worsen the outcome when expectations are low. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditional%20cooperation" title="conditional cooperation">conditional cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20choice%20model" title=" discrete choice model"> discrete choice model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expectations" title=" expectations"> expectations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20goods%20game" title=" public goods game"> public goods game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20coefficients%20model" title=" random coefficients model"> random coefficients model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43314/evidence-of-conditional-and-unconditional-cooperation-in-a-public-goods-game-experimental-evidence-from-mali" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7183</span> An Empirical Enquiry on Cultural Influence and Purchase Decision for Durable Goods in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bright%20C.%20Opara">Bright C. Opara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gideon%20C.%20Uboegbulam"> Gideon C. Uboegbulam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study can be appreciated from the significant role culture exert in purchase decision of durable goods the world over. This study is motivated by cultural diversity in Nigeria and socio-economic changes that have taken place in the recent times. These call for the validation of similarly studies in order to formulate informed marketing strategies that will enhance purchase behaviour. This study therefore, is set out to examine the cultural influence in family purchase decision-making for durable goods in the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria (Hausa, Ibo, and Yoruba). The primary data was sourced using structured and semi-structured research questionnaire, while the secondary information was generated from existing / available relevant literature journals / periodicals. A judgmental sampling technique was used to determine the sample size of 300 households. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses, with the aid of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. The finding showed that cultural influence on the family Purchase Decision of Durable Goods does not significantly differ in three ethnic groups, and that family Purchase Decision Making for Durable Goods does not significantly differ in the three ethnic groups. We therefore, conclude that culture do not really impact significantly on the purchase behaviour of the three ethnic groups in the Nigeria as it does in some others. However, there is need for marketers and marketing decision makers not to generalise the findings of this study. This is because of the significant role culture play in purchase behaviour which differs from one culture or country to another. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural" title="cultural">cultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durable%20goods" title=" durable goods"> durable goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influence" title=" influence"> influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchase%20decision" title=" purchase decision"> purchase decision</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36321/an-empirical-enquiry-on-cultural-influence-and-purchase-decision-for-durable-goods-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7182</span> Optimizing the Location of Parking Areas Adapted for Dangerous Goods in the European Road Transport Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Dolores%20Caro">María Dolores Caro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugenio%20M.%20Fedriani"> Eugenio M. Fedriani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81ngel%20F.%20Tenorio"> Ángel F. Tenorio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transportation of dangerous goods by lorries throughout Europe must be done by using the roads conforming the European Road Transport Network. In this network, there are several parking areas where lorry drivers can park to rest according to the regulations. According to the "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road", parking areas where lorries transporting dangerous goods can park to rest, must follow several security stipulations to keep safe the rest of road users. At this respect, these lorries must be parked in adapted areas with strict and permanent surveillance measures. Moreover, drivers must satisfy several restrictions about resting and driving time. Under these facts, one may expect that there exist enough parking areas for the transport of this type of goods in order to obey the regulations prescribed by the European Union and its member countries. However, the already-existing parking areas are not sufficient to cover all the stops required by drivers transporting dangerous goods. Our main goal is, starting from the already-existing parking areas and the loading-and-unloading location, to provide an optimal answer to the following question: how many additional parking areas must be built and where must they be located to assure that lorry drivers can transport dangerous goods following all the stipulations about security and safety for their stops? The sense of the word “optimal” is due to the fact that we give a global solution for the location of parking areas throughout the whole European Road Transport Network, adjusting the number of additional areas to be as lower as possible. To do so, we have modeled the problem using graph theory since we are working with a road network. As nodes, we have considered the locations of each already-existing parking area, each loading-and-unloading area each road bifurcation. Each road connecting two nodes is considered as an edge in the graph whose weight corresponds to the distance between both nodes in the edge. By applying a new efficient algorithm, we have found the additional nodes for the network representing the new parking areas adapted for dangerous goods, under the fact that the distance between two parking areas must be less than or equal to 400 km. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trans-european%20transport%20network" title="trans-european transport network">trans-european transport network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dangerous%20goods" title=" dangerous goods"> dangerous goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20areas" title=" parking areas"> parking areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph-based%20modeling" title=" graph-based modeling"> graph-based modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29859/optimizing-the-location-of-parking-areas-adapted-for-dangerous-goods-in-the-european-road-transport-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7181</span> Impact of Depreciation Technique on Taxable Income and Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Company in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Ali">Ibrahim Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Danlami%20Ahmed"> Adamu Danlami Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the impact of depreciation on taxable income and financial performance of consumer goods companies quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange. The study adopts ex-post factor research design. Data were collected using a secondary source. The findings of the study suggest that, method of depreciation adopted in any organization influence the taxable profit. Depreciation techniques can either be: depressive, accelerative and linear depreciation. It was also recommended that consumer goods should adjust their method of depreciation to make sure an appropriate method is adopted. This will go a long way to revitalize their taxable profit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated" title="accelerated">accelerated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear" title=" linear"> linear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depressive" title=" depressive"> depressive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depreciation" title=" depreciation"> depreciation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56343/impact-of-depreciation-technique-on-taxable-income-and-financial-performance-of-quoted-consumer-goods-company-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7180</span> The Religious Economic Behavior of People in Dusit Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sivilai%20Jayankura">Sivilai Jayankura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to study the religious economic behavior that effect the lifestyle of the people in Dusit area. The result shows that religious identity salience makes people increase contributions to public goods. Most of the Buddhism decrease contributions to public goods, expect others to contribute less to public goods, and become less risk averse. We find no evidence of religious identity salience effects on disutility of work effort, discount rates or generosity in life spending. Mostly the people like to make merit in the temple during special day of religion. The atmosphere in the temple leads the people like to travel and merit at the temple near their home. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dusit%20province" title="Dusit province">Dusit province</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle"> lifestyle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20economic%20behavior" title=" religious economic behavior"> religious economic behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44645/the-religious-economic-behavior-of-people-in-dusit-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7179</span> Measuring Ecological Footprint: Life Cycle Assessment Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binita%20Shah">Binita Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Unnikrishnan"> Seema Unnikrishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the recent time, an increasing interest in the analysis and efforts to reduce the environmental impacts generated by man-made activities has been seen widely being discussed and implemented by the society. The industrial processes are expressing their concern and showing keen interest in redesigning and amending the operation process leading to better environmental performance by upgrading technologies and adjusting the financial inputs. There are various tools available for the assessment of process and production of goods on the environment. Most methods look at a particular impact on the ecosystem. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the most widely accepted and scientifically founded methodologies to assess the overall environmental impacts of products and processes. This paper looks at the tools used in India for environmental impact assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title="life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20footprint" title=" ecological footprint"> ecological footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measuring%20sustainability" title=" measuring sustainability"> measuring sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20093/measuring-ecological-footprint-life-cycle-assessment-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">647</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7178</span> An Iberian Study about Location of Parking Areas for Dangerous Goods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Dolores%20Caro">María Dolores Caro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugenio%20M.%20Fedriani"> Eugenio M. Fedriani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81ngel%20F.%20Tenorio"> Ángel F. Tenorio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When lorries transport dangerous goods, there exist some legal stipulations in the European Union for assuring the security of the rest of road users as well as of those goods being transported. At this respect, lorry drivers cannot park in usual parking areas, because they must use parking areas with special conditions, including permanent supervision of security personnel. Moreover, drivers are compelled to satisfy additional regulations about resting and driving times, which involve in the practical possibility of reaching the suitable parking areas under these time parameters. The “European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road” (ADR) is the basic regulation on transportation of dangerous goods imposed under the recommendations of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Indeed, nowadays there are no enough parking areas adapted for dangerous goods and no complete study have suggested the best locations to build new areas or to adapt others already existing to provide the areas being necessary so that lorry drivers can follow all the regulations. The goal of this paper is to show how many additional parking areas should be built in the Iberian Peninsula to allow that lorry drivers may park in such areas under their restrictions in resting and driving time. To do so, we have modeled the problem via graph theory and we have applied a new efficient algorithm which determines an optimal solution for the problem of locating new parking areas to complement those already existing in the ADR for the Iberian Peninsula. The solution can be considered minimal since the number of additional parking areas returned by the algorithm is minimal in quantity. Obviously, graph theory is a natural way to model and solve the problem here proposed because we have considered as nodes: the already-existing parking areas, the loading-and-unloading locations and the bifurcations of roads; while each edge between two nodes represents the existence of a road between both nodes (the distance between nodes is the edge's weight). Except for bifurcations, all the nodes correspond to parking areas already existing and, hence, the problem corresponds to determining the additional nodes in the graph such that there are less up to 100 km between two nodes representing parking areas. (maximal distance allowed by the European regulations). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dangerous%20goods" title="dangerous goods">dangerous goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20areas" title=" parking areas"> parking areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iberian%20peninsula" title=" Iberian peninsula"> Iberian peninsula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph-based%20modeling" title=" graph-based modeling"> graph-based modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28006/an-iberian-study-about-location-of-parking-areas-for-dangerous-goods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7177</span> Intellectual Property Rights Reforms and the Quality of Exported Goods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gideon%20Ndubuisi">Gideon Ndubuisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is widely acknowledged that the quality of a country’s export matters more decisively than the quantity it exports. Hence, understanding the drivers of exported goods’ quality is a relevant policy question. Among other things, product quality upgrading is a considerable cost uncertainty venture that can be undertaken by an entrepreneur. Once a product is successfully upgraded, however, others can imitate the product, and hence, the returns to the pioneer entrepreneur are socialized. Along with this line, a government policy such as intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection which lessens the non-appropriability problem and incentivizes cost discovery investments becomes both a panacea in addressing the market failure and a sine qua non for an entrepreneur to engage in product quality upgrading. In addendum, product quality upgrading involves complex tasks which often require a lot of knowledge and technology sharing beyond the bounds of the firm thereby creating rooms for knowledge spillovers and imitations. Without an institution that protects upstream suppliers of knowledge and technology, technology masking occurs which bids up marginal production cost and product quality fall. Despite these clear associations between IPRs and product quality upgrading, the surging literature on the drivers of the quality of exported goods has proceeded almost in isolation of IPRs protection as a determinant. Consequently, the current study uses a difference-in-difference method to evaluate the effects of IPRs reforms on the quality of exported goods in 16 developing countries over the sample periods of 1984-2000. The study finds weak evidence that IPRs reforms increase the quality of all exported goods. When the industries are sorted into high and low-patent sensitive industries, however, we find strong indicative evidence that IPRs reform increases the quality of exported goods in high-patent sensitive sectors both in absolute terms and relative to the low-patent sensitive sectors in the post-reform period. We also obtain strong indicative evidence that it brought the quality of exported goods in the high-patent sensitive sectors closer to the quality frontier. Accounting for time-duration effects, these observed effects grow over time. The results are also largely consistent when we consider the sophistication and complexity of exported goods rather than just quality upgrades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exports" title="exports">exports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20quality" title=" export quality"> export quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20sophistication" title=" export sophistication"> export sophistication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property%20rights" title=" intellectual property rights"> intellectual property rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102624/intellectual-property-rights-reforms-and-the-quality-of-exported-goods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7176</span> Consumers' Awareness, Knowledge, and Perception towards Goods and Services Tax in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harjinder%20Kaur">Harjinder Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> GST was implemented by government with the expectation to reform the taxation system of India. So this study basically seeks to understand the consumers’ awareness, knowledge and perception about the implementation of GST. To conduct this study, 100 respondents of all demographic profile were randomly selected from the Punjab region of India. To investigate the relationship between demographic profile and level of awareness and knowledge about GST, one way ANOVA test was used and it is found that there is a significant relationship between gender, age and qualification and level of awareness and knowledge. Furthermore, due to the lack of information on GST, the respondents had a high negative perception. The study also reveals that the implementation of GST has resulted in higher prices for goods and services and thus this tax may cause burden to people. Also after implementation of GST financial issues such as inflation, rising cost of living, economic instability have impacted many Indian consumers in terms of their spending. But at the same time it is also perceived that GST is designed to remove the burden of many indirect taxes and aims to develop the more efficient tax system which increases the revenue of country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goods%20and%20service%20tax" title="goods and service tax">goods and service tax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumers%20awareness" title=" consumers awareness"> consumers awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95974/consumers-awareness-knowledge-and-perception-towards-goods-and-services-tax-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7175</span> Waad Bil Mourabaha Pricing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dchieche%20Amina">Dchieche Amina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aboulaich%20Rajae"> Aboulaich Rajae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we will modelize Waad Bil Mourabaha contract. This islamic contract provides the right to buy goods at a future date with a Mourabaha. Waad is a promise of sale or purchase of goods, declared in a unilateral way. In spite of the divergence between some schools of Islamic law about the Waad, this contract will allow us to study sophisticated and interesting contract: Waad Bil Mourabaha that can be used for hedging. In order to price Waad Bil Mourabaha contract, we will use an adapted Black and Scholes model using the Shariah compliant assumptions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20finance" title="Islamic finance">Islamic finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Black-Scholes%20model" title=" Black-Scholes model"> Black-Scholes model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=call%20option" title=" call option"> call option</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risks" title=" risks"> risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hedging" title=" hedging"> hedging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15514/waad-bil-mourabaha-pricing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7174</span> When Food Cultures Meet: The Fur Trade Era on the North American Plains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Thomas%20Shay">C. Thomas Shay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When cultures meet, so do their foods. Beginning in the seventeenth century, European explorers, missionaries and fur traders entered the North American Great Plains, bringing with them deadly weapons, metal tools and a host of trade goods. Over time, they also brought barrels of their favorite comestibles—even candied ginger. While Indigenous groups actively bartered for the material goods, there was limited interest in European foods, mainly because they possessed a rich cuisine of their own. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=native%20Americans" title="native Americans">native Americans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=europeans" title=" europeans"> europeans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=great%20plains" title=" great plains"> great plains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fur%20trade" title=" fur trade"> fur trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food" title=" food"> food</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148673/when-food-cultures-meet-the-fur-trade-era-on-the-north-american-plains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7173</span> Risk Analysis in Road Transport of Dangerous Goods Using Complex Multi-Criteria Analysis Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoran%20Masoni%C4%8Di%C4%87">Zoran Masoničić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sini%C5%A1a%20Dragutinovi%C4%87"> Siniša Dragutinović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Lazovi%C4%87"> Ivan Lazović</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the management and organization of the road transport of dangerous goods, in addition to the existing influential criteria and restrictions that apply to the road transport in general, it is necessary to include an additional criteria related to the safety of people and the environment, considering the danger that comes from the substances being transported. In that manner, the decision making process becomes very complex and rather challenging task that is inherent to the application of complex numerical multi-criteria analysis methods. In this paper some initial results of application of complex analysis method in decision making process are presented. Additionally, the method for minimization or even complete elimination of subjective element in the decision making process is provided. The results obtained can be used in order to point the direction towards some measures have to be applied in order to minimize or completely annihilate the influence of the risk source identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title="road transport">road transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dangerous%20goods" title=" dangerous goods"> dangerous goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20analysis" title=" risk analysis"> risk analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20evaluation" title=" risk evaluation"> risk evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193576/risk-analysis-in-road-transport-of-dangerous-goods-using-complex-multi-criteria-analysis-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20goods&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20goods&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20goods&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20goods&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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