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supplements</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: organic supplements"> <meta name="keywords" content="organic supplements"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="organic supplements"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2620</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: organic supplements</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2440</span> Combined Aerobic-Resistance Exercise Training and Broccoli Supplementation on Plasma Decitin-1 and Insulin Resistance in Men with Type 2 Diabetes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Soltani">Mohammad Soltani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20%20Saeidi"> Ayoub Saeidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikoo%20%20Khosravi"> Nikoo Khosravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanieh%20%20Nohbaradar"> Hanieh Nohbaradar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedeh%20Parya%20%20Barzanjeh"> Seyedeh Parya Barzanjeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassane%20Zouhal"> Hassane Zouhal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exercise training and herbs supplement represent have role in the treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is unclear combined effects of exercise training and herbs supplements on diabetic risk markers. This study aimed to determine the effect of 12 weeks of combined exercise and broccoli supplementation on decitin-1 and insulin resistance in men with type 2 diabetes. Forty-four type 2 diabetes men (age, 48.52 ± 4.36) were randomly allocated to training -supplement (TS, n = 11), training- placebo (TP, n = 11), supplement (S, n = 11) and control- placebo (CP, n = 11) groups. The combined exercise program included 12 weeks, three sessions per week, that each session contained 45 minutes of resistance training with intensity 60-70% of one maximal repetition and 30 minutes aerobic training (running) with intensity 60-70% of maximum heart rate. In addition supplement groups consumed 10 grams of Broccoli per day for 12 weeks. Plasma Decitin-1, HOMA-IR, Insulin, glucose and body composition were assessed before and after training. Plasma Dectin-1, HOMA-IR, glucose and BMI significantly decreased in TS, TP and S groups compared with CP group (P < .05). In addition Insulin and skeletal muscles mass showed significant increase in TS and TP groups compared with S and CP groups (P < .05). It is concluded that both combined exercise training (aerobic-resistance) or broccoli supplement can improve plasma Decitin-1 and insulin resistance in two diabetic patients however combine of exercise training and broccoli supplement have more effective on these markers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broccoli%20supplements" title="broccoli supplements">broccoli supplements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20training" title=" combined training"> combined training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decitin-1" title=" decitin-1"> decitin-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin%20resistance" title=" insulin resistance"> insulin resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes" title=" type 2 diabetes"> type 2 diabetes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123998/combined-aerobic-resistance-exercise-training-and-broccoli-supplementation-on-plasma-decitin-1-and-insulin-resistance-in-men-with-type-2-diabetes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2439</span> Detoxification of Hazardous Organic/Inorganic Contaminants in Automobile Shredder Residue by Multi-Functioned Nano-Size Metallic Calcium Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivasa%20Reddy%20Mallampati">Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byoung%20Ho%20Lee"> Byoung Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshiharu%20Mitoma"> Yoshiharu Mitoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simion%20Cristian"> Simion Cristian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, environmental nanotechnology has risen to the forefront and the new properties and enhanced reactivates offered by nanomaterial may offer a new, low-cost paradigm to solving complex environmental pollution problems. This study assessed the synthesis and application of multi-functioned nano-size metallic calcium (nMC) composite for detoxification of hazardous inorganic (heavy metals (HMs)/organic chlorinated/brominated compound (CBCs) contaminants in automobile shredder residue (ASR). ASR residues ball milled with nMC composite can achieve about 90-100% of HMs immobilization and CBCs decomposition. The results highlight the low quantity of HMs leached from ASR residues after treatment with nMC, which was found to be lower than the standard regulatory limit for hazardous waste landfills. The use of nMC composite in a mechanochemical process to treat hazardous ASR (dry conditions) is a simple and innovative approach to remediate hazardous inorganic/organic cross-contaminates in ASR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-sized%20metallic%20calcium" title="nano-sized metallic calcium">nano-sized metallic calcium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobile%20shredder%20residue" title=" automobile shredder residue"> automobile shredder residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%2Finorganic%20contaminants" title=" organic/inorganic contaminants"> organic/inorganic contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detoxification" title=" detoxification"> detoxification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72507/detoxification-of-hazardous-organicinorganic-contaminants-in-automobile-shredder-residue-by-multi-functioned-nano-size-metallic-calcium-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2438</span> Production and Application of Organic Waste Compost for Urban Agriculture in Emerging Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemayehu%20Agizew%20Woldeamanuel">Alemayehu Agizew Woldeamanuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekonnen%20Maschal%20Tarekegn"> Mekonnen Maschal Tarekegn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Mohan%20Balakrishina"> Raj Mohan Balakrishina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Composting is one of the conventional techniques adopted for organic waste management, but the practice is very limited in emerging cities despite the most of the waste generated is organic. This paper aims to examine the viability of composting for organic waste management in the emerging city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, by addressing the composting practice, quality of compost, and application of compost in urban agriculture. The study collects data using compost laboratory testing and urban farm households’ survey and uses descriptive analysis on the state of compost production and application, physicochemical analysis of the compost samples, and regression analysis on the urban farmer’s willingness to pay for compost. The findings of the study indicated that there is composting practice at a small scale, most of the producers use unsorted feedstock materials, aerobic composting is dominantly used, and the maturation period ranged from four to ten weeks. The carbon content of the compost ranges from 30.8 to 277.1 due to the type of feedstock applied, and this surpasses the ideal proportions for C:N ratio. The total nitrogen, pH, organic matter, and moisture content are relatively optimal. The levels of heavy metals measured for Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr⁶⁺ in the compost samples are also insignificant. In the urban agriculture sector, chemical fertilizer is the dominant type of soil input in crop productions but vegetable producers use a combination of both fertilizer and other organic inputs, including compost. The willingness to pay for compost depends on income, household size, gender, type of soil inputs, monitoring soil fertility, the main product of the farm, farming method and farm ownership. Finally, this study recommends the need for collaboration among stakeholders’ along the value chain of waste, awareness creation on the benefits of composting and addressing challenges faced by both compost producers and users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composting" title="composting">composting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20city" title=" emerging city"> emerging city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20waste%20management" title=" organic waste management"> organic waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20agriculture" title=" urban agriculture"> urban agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136992/production-and-application-of-organic-waste-compost-for-urban-agriculture-in-emerging-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2437</span> A Strategy for Reducing Dynamic Disorder in Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors by Suppressing Large Amplitude Thermal Motions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steffen%20Illig">Steffen Illig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20S.%20Eggeman"> Alexander S. Eggeman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Troisi"> Alessandro Troisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20G.%20Yeates"> Stephen G. Yeates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20E.%20Anthony"> John E. Anthony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henning%20Sirringhaus"> Henning Sirringhaus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Large-amplitude intermolecular vibrations in combination with complex shaped transfer integrals generate a thermally fluctuating energetic landscape. The resulting dynamic disorder and its intrinsic presence in organic semiconductors is one of the most fundamental differences to their inorganic counterparts. Dynamic disorder is believed to govern many of the unique electrical and optical properties of organic systems. However, the low energy nature of these vibrations makes it difficult to access them experimentally and because of this we still lack clear molecular design rules to control and reduce dynamic disorder. Applying a novel technique based on electron diffraction we encountered strong intermolecular, thermal vibrations in every single organic material we studied (14 up to date), indicating that a large degree of dynamic disorder is a universal phenomenon in organic crystals. In this paper a new molecular design strategy will be presented to avoid dynamic disorder. We found that small molecules that have their side chains attached to the long axis of their conjugated core have been found to be less likely to suffer from dynamic disorder effects. In particular, we demonstrate that 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothio-phene (C8-BTBT) and 2,9-di-decyl-dinaphtho-[2,3-b:20,30-f]-thieno-[3,2-b]-thiophene (C10DNTT) exhibit strongly reduced thermal vibrations in comparison to other molecules and relate their outstanding performance to their lower dynamic disorder. We rationalize the low degree of dynamic disorder in C8-BTBT and C10-DNTT with a better encapsulation of the conjugated cores in the crystal structure which helps reduce large amplitude thermal motions. The work presented in this paper provides a general strategy for the design of new classes of very high mobility organic semiconductors with low dynamic disorder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20transport" title="charge transport">charge transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C8-BTBT" title=" C8-BTBT"> C8-BTBT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C10-DNTT" title=" C10-DNTT"> C10-DNTT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20disorder" title=" dynamic disorder"> dynamic disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20semiconductors" title=" organic semiconductors"> organic semiconductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20vibrations" title=" thermal vibrations"> thermal vibrations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39476/a-strategy-for-reducing-dynamic-disorder-in-small-molecule-organic-semiconductors-by-suppressing-large-amplitude-thermal-motions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2436</span> Distributing Complementary Food Supplement - Yingyangbao Reducing the Anemia in Young Children in a County of Sichuan Province after Wenchuan Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lijuan%20Wang">Lijuan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junsheng%20Huo"> Junsheng Huo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Sun"> Jing Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenxian%20Li"> Wenxian Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Huang"> Jian Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Ling"> Lin Ling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiping%20Zhou"> Yiping Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengyu%20Huang"> Chengyu Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jifang%20Hu"> Jifang Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backgrounds and Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of highly nutrient-dense complementary food supplement-Yingyangbao, at the time of 3 months after Wenchuan earthquake, on the anemia of young children in a county in Sichuan province. Methods: The young children aged 6-23 months in the county were fed one sachet Yingyangbao per day. Yingyangbao were distributed for 15 months for free. The children entering 6 months age would be included. The length, weight and hemoglobin of the children aged 6-29 months were assessed at baseline (n=257) and Yingyangbao intervention for 6 (n=218) and 15 months (n=253) by cluster sampling. Growth status has not been described in the paper. The analysis was conducted based on 6-11, 12-17, 18-23 and 24-29 months. Results: It showed that the hemoglobin concentration in each group among the 4 groups increased by 4.9, 6.4, 8.0, 9.5 g/L after 6 months and 12.7, 11.4, 16.7, 15.7 g/L after 15 months compared to the baseline, respectively. The total anemia prevalence in each group was significantly lower after 6 and 15 months than the baseline (P<0.001), except the 6-11 months group after 6 months because of fewer Yingyangbao consumption. Total moderate anemia rate decreased from 18.3% to 5.5% after 6 months, and kept decreasing to 0.8% after another 9 months. The hemoglobin concentration was significantly correlated with the amount of Yingyangbao consumption(P<0.001) The anemia rate was significantly different based on the Yingyangbao compliance (P<0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that Yingyangbao which contains quality protein, vitamins and micronutrients intervened 15 months could be effective for the improvement of anemia of young children. The study provides the support that the application of the complementary food supplements to reduce the anemia of young children in the emergency of natural disaster. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20children" title="young children">young children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anemia" title=" anemia"> anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition%20intervention" title=" nutrition intervention"> nutrition intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20food%20supplements" title=" complementary food supplements"> complementary food supplements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingyangbao" title=" Yingyangbao"> Yingyangbao</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29871/distributing-complementary-food-supplement-yingyangbao-reducing-the-anemia-in-young-children-in-a-county-of-sichuan-province-after-wenchuan-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2435</span> Developing A Novel Fluorescent Sensor For Detecting Analytes In An Aqueous Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varshith%20Kotagiri">Varshith Kotagiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Li"> Lei Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluorescent sensors are organic fluorophores that detect specific analytes with quantitative fluorescence intensity changes. They have offered impressive benefits compared with instrumental techniques, such as low cost, high selectivity, and rapid responses. One issue that limits the fluorescent sensors for further application is their poor solubility in the aqueous medium, where most targeted analytes, including metal ions, inorganic anions, and neutral biomolecules, are readily soluble. When fluorescent sensors are utilized to detect these analytes, a heterogeneous phase is formed. In most cases, an extra water-miscible organic solvent is needed as an additive to facilitate the sensing process, which complicates the measurement operations and produces more organic waste. We aim to resolve this issue by skillful molecular design to introduce a hydrophilic side chain to the fluorescent sensor, increasing its water solubility and facilitating its sensing process to analytes, like various protons, fluoride ions, and copper ions, in an aqueous medium. Simultaneously, its sensitivity and selectivity will be retained. This work will simplify the sensing operations and reduce the amount of organic waste produced during the measurement. This strategy will additionally be of broad interest to the chemistry community, as it introduces the idea of modifying the molecular structure to apply an initial hydrophobic compound under hydrophilic conditions in a feasible way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20fluorescent%20sensor" title="organic fluorescent sensor">organic fluorescent sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytes" title=" analytes"> analytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensing" title=" sensing"> sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20medium" title=" aqueous medium"> aqueous medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenanthroimidazole" title=" phenanthroimidazole"> phenanthroimidazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophilic%20side%20chain" title=" hydrophilic side chain"> hydrophilic side chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195039/developing-a-novel-fluorescent-sensor-for-detecting-analytes-in-an-aqueous-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">0</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2434</span> Extraction of Strontium Ions through Ligand Assisted Ionic Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Kumar">Pradeep Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Kumar%20Chandra"> Abhishek Kumar Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Khanna"> Ashok Khanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extraction of Strontium by crown ether (DCH18C6) hasbeen investigated in [BMIM][TF2N] Ionic Liquid (IL) giving higher extraction ~98% and distribution ratio as compared to other organic solvents (Dodecane, Hexane, & Isodecyl alcohol + Dodecane). Distribution ratio of Sr in IL at 0.15M DCH18C6 indicates an enhancement of 20000, 2000, 500 times over Dodecane, Hexane and 5% Isodecyl Alcohol + 95 % Dodecane at 0.01M aqueous acidity respectively. In presence of IL, Sr extraction decreases with increase in HNO3 concentration in aqueous phase whereas opposite trend was observed with organic solvents.Extraction of Sr initially increases with increase in DCH18C6 concentration in IL, finally reaching an asymptotic constant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20ratio" title="distribution ratio">distribution ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ligand" title=" ligand"> ligand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solvent" title=" organic solvent"> organic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stripping" title=" stripping"> stripping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76098/extraction-of-strontium-ions-through-ligand-assisted-ionic-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2433</span> Photo Catalytic Treatment of Wastewater from Processing Poultry by-Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Franco%20Mac%C3%ADas">J. Franco Macías</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Montes%20Alba"> E. Montes Alba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20L%C3%B3pez%20V%C3%A1squez"> A. López Vásquez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing development in the poultry industry has generated a strong and adverse impact on quality and availability of water resources. Inside this industry, is finding out the treatment of by-products such as feathers, viscera and blood demanding highly water consumption, generating contaminant discharges as well. As one of current of treatment of by-products is the effluent of cooking condensate steam that has contaminant organic load; therefore, it is necessary to implement removal treatments before discharging it toward water sources. The photo catalysis appears as a promising alternative of treatment due to the different advantages it has, among others, includes low cost, easily operation, high efficiency and elimination of a wide variety of contaminants in a watery environment. This study has evaluated a heterogeneous photo catalytic treatment for removal contaminant organic load. This process was developed in oxidation and reduction conditions. It was analyzed the effect of factors such as pH, catalyst and sacrifice agent concentration. Finally, good conditions to removal contaminant organic load were achieved to determine percentage of contaminant organic load by means of response surface methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry%20industry" title="poultry industry">poultry industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20oxidation%20process" title=" advanced oxidation process"> advanced oxidation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title=" photocatalysis"> photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodegradation" title=" photodegradation"> photodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO2" title=" TiO2 "> TiO2 </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18911/photo-catalytic-treatment-of-wastewater-from-processing-poultry-by-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2432</span> Assessing Vertical Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Westleigh Soil under Shrub Encroached Rangeland, Limpopo Province, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abel%20L.%20Masotla">Abel L. Masotla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phesheya%20E.%20Dlamini"> Phesheya E. Dlamini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vusumuzi%20E.%20Mbanjwa"> Vusumuzi E. Mbanjwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate quantification of the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in relation to land cover transformations, associated with shrub encroachment is crucial because deeper lying horizons have been shown to have greater capacity to sequester SOC. Despite this, in-depth soil carbon dynamics remain poorly understood, especially in arid and semi-arid rangelands. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon stocks (SOCs) in shrub-encroached and open grassland sites. To achieve this, soil samples were collected vertically at 10 cm depth intervals under both sites. The results showed that SOC was on average 19% and 13% greater in the topsoil and subsoil respectively, under shrub-encroached grassland compared to open grassland. In both topsoil and subsoil, lower SOCs were found under shrub-encroached (4.53 kg m⁻² and 3.90 kgm⁻²) relative to open grassland (4.39 kgm⁻² and 3.67 kgm⁻²). These results demonstrate that deeper soil horizon play a critical role in the storage of SOC in savanna grassland. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=savanna%20grasslands" title="savanna grasslands">savanna grasslands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrub-encroachment" title=" shrub-encroachment"> shrub-encroachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20organic%20carbon" title=" soil organic carbon"> soil organic carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20distribution" title=" vertical distribution"> vertical distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111178/assessing-vertical-distribution-of-soil-organic-carbon-stocks-in-westleigh-soil-under-shrub-encroached-rangeland-limpopo-province-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2431</span> Barrier Characteristics of Molecular Semiconductor-Based Organic/Inorganic Au/C₄₂H₂₈/n-InP Hybrid Junctions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahattin%20Abay">Bahattin Abay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thin film of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon rubrene, C₄₂H₂₈ (5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene), has been surfaced on Moderately Doped (MD) n-InP substrate as an interfacial layer by means of spin coating technique for the electronic modification of Au/MD n-InP structure. Ex situ annealing has been carried out at 150 °C for three minutes under a brisk flow of nitrogen for the better adhesion of the deposited film with the substrate surface. Room temperature electrical characterization has been performed on the C₄₂H₂₈/MD n-InP hybrid junctions by current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement in the dark. It has been seen that the C₄₂H₂₈/MD n-InP structure demonstrated extraordinary rectifying behavior. An effective barrier height (BH) as high as 0.743 eV, along with an ideality factor very close to unity (n=1.203), has been achieved for C₄₂H₂₈/n-InP organic/inorganic device. A thin C₄₂H₂₈ interfacial layer between Au and MD n-InP also reduce the reverse leakage current by almost four orders of magnitude and enhance the BH about 0.278 eV. This good performance of the device is ascribed to the passivation effect of organic interfacial layer between Au and n-InP. By using C-V measurement, in addition, the value of BH of the C₄₂H₂₈/n-InP organic/inorganic hybrid junctions have been obtained as 0.796 eV. It has been seen that both of the BH value (0.743 and 0.796 eV) for the organic/inorganic hybrid junction obtained I-V and C-V measurement, respectively are significantly larger than that of the conventional Au/n-InP structure (0.465 and 0.503 eV). It was also seen that the device had good sensitivity to the light under 100 mW/cm² illumination conditions. The obtained results indicated that modification of the interfacial potential barrier for Metal/n-InP junctions might be attained using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon thin interlayer C₄₂H₂₈. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-V%20and%20C-V%20measurements" title="I-V and C-V measurements">I-V and C-V measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterojunction" title=" heterojunction"> heterojunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-InP" title=" n-InP"> n-InP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubrene" title=" rubrene"> rubrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20passivation" title=" surface passivation"> surface passivation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83795/barrier-characteristics-of-molecular-semiconductor-based-organicinorganic-auc42h28n-inp-hybrid-junctions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2430</span> First and Second Analysis on the Reheat Organic Rankine Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Moradimaram">E. Moradimaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sayehvand"> H. Sayehvand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years the increasing use of fossil fuels has led to various environmental problems including urban pollution, ozone layer depletion and acid rains. Moreover, with the increased number of industrial centers and higher consumption of these fuels, the end point of the fossil energy reserves has become more evident. Considering the environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels and their limited availability, renewable sources can be considered as the main substitute for non-renewable resources. One of these resources is the Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs). These cycles while having high safety, have low maintenance requirements. Combining the ORCs with other systems, such as ejector and reheater will increase overall cycle efficiency. In this study, ejector and reheater are used to improve the thermal efficiency (ηth), exergy efficiency (η_ex) and net output power (w_net); therefore, the ORCs with reheater (RORCs) are proposed. A computational program has been developed to calculate the thermodynamic parameters required in Engineering Equations Solver (EES). In this program, the analysis of the first and second law in RORC is conducted, and a comparison is made between them and the ORCs with Ejector (EORC). R245fa is selected as the working fluid and water is chosen as low temperature heat source with a temperature of 95 °C and a mass transfer rate of 1 kg/s. The pressures of the second evaporator and reheater are optimized in terms of maximum exergy efficiency. The environment is at 298.15 k and at 101.325 kpa. The results indicate that the thermodynamic parameters in the RORC have improved compared to EORC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organic%20Rankine%20Cycle%20%28ORC%29" title="Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)">Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organic%20Rankine%20Cycle%20with%20Reheater%20%28RORC%29" title=" Organic Rankine Cycle with Reheater (RORC)"> Organic Rankine Cycle with Reheater (RORC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organic%20Rankine%20Cycle%20with%20Ejector%20%28EORC%29" title=" Organic Rankine Cycle with Ejector (EORC)"> Organic Rankine Cycle with Ejector (EORC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy%20efficiency" title=" exergy efficiency"> exergy efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91819/first-and-second-analysis-on-the-reheat-organic-rankine-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2429</span> The Comparison of Chromium Ions Release for Stainless Steel between Artificial Saliva and Breadfruit Leaf Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirna%20Febriani">Mirna Febriani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of stainless steel wires in the field of dentistry is widely used, especially for orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment using stainless steel wire. The oral cavity is the ideal environment for corrosion, which can be caused by saliva. Prevention of corrosion on stainless steel wires can be done by using an organic or non-organic corrosion inhibitor. One of the organic inhibitors that can be used to prevent corrosion is the leaves of breadfruit. The method used for this research using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric test. The results showed that the difference of chromium ion releases on soaking in saliva and breadfruit leaf extracts on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Statically calculation with independent T-test with p < 0,05 showed the significant difference. The conclusion of this study shows that breadfruit leaf extract can inhibit the corrosion rate of stainless steel wires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium%20ion" title="chromium ion">chromium ion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20saliva" title=" artificial saliva"> artificial saliva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breadfruit%20leaf" title=" breadfruit leaf"> breadfruit leaf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87086/the-comparison-of-chromium-ions-release-for-stainless-steel-between-artificial-saliva-and-breadfruit-leaf-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2428</span> Poultry Manure and Its Derived Biochar as a Soil Amendment for Newly Reclaimed Sandy Soils under Arid and Semi-Arid Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20S.%20Mohamed">W. S. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Hammam"> A. A. Hammam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sandy soils under arid and semi-arid conditions are characterized by poor physical and biochemical properties such as low water retention, rapid organic matter decomposition, low nutrients use efficiency, and limited crop productivity. Addition of organic amendments is crucial to develop soil properties and consequently enhance nutrients use efficiency and lessen organic carbon decomposition. Two years field experiments were developed to investigate the feasibility of using poultry manure and its derived biochar integrated with different levels of N fertilizer as a soil amendment for newly reclaimed sandy soils in Western Desert of El-Minia Governorate, Egypt. Results of this research revealed that poultry manure and its derived biochar addition induced pronounced effects on soil moisture content at saturation point, field capacity (FC) and consequently available water. Data showed that application of poultry manure (PM) or PM-derived biochar (PMB) in combination with inorganic N levels had caused significant changes on a range of the investigated sandy soil biochemical properties including pH, EC, mineral N, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic N (DON) and quotient DOC/DON. Overall, the impact of PMB on soil physical properties was detected to be superior than the impact of PM, regardless the inorganic N levels. In addition, the obtained results showed that PM and PM application had the capacity to stimulate vigorous growth, nutritional status, production levels of wheat and sorghum, and to increase soil organic matter content and N uptake and recovery compared to control. By contrast, comparing between PM and PMB at different levels of inorganic N, the obtained results showed higher relative increases in both grain and straw yields of wheat in plots treated with PM than in those treated with PMB. The interesting feature of this research is that the biochar derived from PM increased treated sandy soil organic carbon (SOC) 1.75 times more than soil treated with PM itself at the end of cropping seasons albeit double-applied amount of PM. This was attributed to the higher carbon stability of biochar treated sandy soils increasing soil persistence for carbon decomposition in comparison with PM labile carbon. It could be concluded that organic manures applied to sandy soils under arid and semi-arid conditions are subjected to high decomposition and mineralization rates through crop seasons. Biochar derived from organic wastes considers as a source of stable carbon and could be very hopeful choice for substituting easily decomposable organic manures under arid conditions. Therefore, sustainable agriculture and productivity in newly reclaimed sandy soils desire one high rate addition of biochar derived from organic manures instead of frequent addition of such organic amendments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title="biochar">biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20organic%20carbon" title=" dissolved organic carbon"> dissolved organic carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-uptake" title=" N-uptake"> N-uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry" title=" poultry"> poultry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandy%20soil" title=" sandy soil"> sandy soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98788/poultry-manure-and-its-derived-biochar-as-a-soil-amendment-for-newly-reclaimed-sandy-soils-under-arid-and-semi-arid-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2427</span> Comparing Performance Indicators among Mechanistic, Organic, and Bureaucratic Organizations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benchamat%20Laksaniyanon">Benchamat Laksaniyanon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padcharee%20Phasuk"> Padcharee Phasuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rungtawan%20Boonphanakan"> Rungtawan Boonphanakan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With globalization, organizations had to adjust to an unstable environment in order to survive in a competitive arena. Typically within the field of management, different types of organizations include mechanistic, bureaucratic and organic ones. In fact, bureaucratic and mechanistic organizations have some characteristics in common. Bureaucracy is one type of Thailand organization which adapted from mechanistic concept to develop an organization that is suitable for the characteristic and culture of Thailand. The objective of this study is to compare the adjustment strategies of both organizations in order to find key performance indicators (KPI) suitable for improving organization in Thailand. The methodology employed is binary logistic regression. The results of this study will be valuable for developing future management strategies for both bureaucratic and mechanistic organizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanistic" title="mechanistic">mechanistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bureaucratic%20and%20organic%20organization" title=" bureaucratic and organic organization"> bureaucratic and organic organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20logistic%20regression" title=" binary logistic regression"> binary logistic regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20performance%20indicators%20%28KPI%29" title=" key performance indicators (KPI)"> key performance indicators (KPI)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59516/comparing-performance-indicators-among-mechanistic-organic-and-bureaucratic-organizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2426</span> Organic Geochemical Characterization of the Ordovician Source Rock in the Chotts Basin, Southern Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anis%20Belhaj%20Mohamed">Anis Belhaj Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moncef%20Saidi"> Moncef Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Soussi"> Mohamed Soussi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Bouazizi"> Ibrahim Bouazizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monia%20Ben%20Jrad"> Monia Ben Jrad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper summarizes the results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis and biomarker data of shale samples collected from the Ordovician age (Llanvirnian-Llandeilian) (Azzel Formation) in the Chotts basin southern part of Tunisia. The results are supported by analysis of cutting samples from wells. The Azzel shales has poor to moderate, occasionally good, potential for sourcing oil and gas with Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content varying from 0.80 to 4.49 % and petroleum potential (PP) values varying between 0.68 to 9.20 Kg of HC/t rock in Baguel and Alaguia wells. However, the Azzel Formation show poor to fair TOC and PP in Elfranig and HajBrahim wells not exceeding 1.10% and 1.05 kg HC/t of rock respectively. The Hydrogen Index (HI) and the Oxygen Index (OI) values of 95–165 mg S2/g TOC and of 33–108 mg CO2/g rock relatively show that the Ordovician shales exhibit type II Kerogen that reached the main oil window stage and that the organic matter was bad preserved, Tmax values of 435 – 448°C indicate the organic matter is mature. The biomarker features of the extract samples are characterized by high proportion of tricyclic terpanes that are dominated by C23 and C21 tricyclic terpanes. The hopanes fraction is dominated by C29 and C30 hopanes. The Ordovician shales show a predominance of C27 over C29 steranes (C27/C29>1) and relatively high proportions of diasteranes supporting the shaly character of the source rock. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title="biomarkers">biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20geochemistry" title=" organic geochemistry"> organic geochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordovician%20source%20rock" title=" ordovician source rock"> ordovician source rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diasteranes" title=" diasteranes"> diasteranes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24227/organic-geochemical-characterization-of-the-ordovician-source-rock-in-the-chotts-basin-southern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2425</span> A Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Organic Dairy Supply Chain: Assessing Transport Costs and External Effects in Southern Sweden</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivianne%20Aggestam">Vivianne Aggestam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Organic dairy products have steadily increased with consumer popularity in recent years in Sweden, permitting more transport activities. The main aim of this study was to compare the transport costs and the environmental emissions made by the organic and conventional dairy production in Sweden. The objective was to evaluate differences and environmental impacts of transport between the two different production systems, allowing a more transparent understanding of the real impact of transport within the supply chain. Methods: A partial attributional Life Cycle Assessment has been conducted based on a comprehensive survey of Swedish farmers, dairies and consumers regarding their transport needs and costs. Interviews addressed the farmers and dairies. Consumers were targeted through an online survey. Results: Higher transport inputs from conventional dairy transportation are mainly via feed and soil management on farm level. The regional organic milk brand illustrate less initial transport burdens on farm level, however, after leaving the farm, it had equal or higher transportation requirements. This was mainly due to the location of the dairy farm and shorter product expiry dates, which requires more frequent retail deliveries. Organic consumers tend to use public transport more than private vehicles. Consumers using private vehicles for shopping trips primarily bought conventional products for which price was the main deciding factor. Conclusions: Organic dairy products that emphasise its regional attributes do not ensure less transportation and may therefore not be a more “climate smart” option for the consumer. This suggests that the idea of localism needs to be analysed from a more systemic perspective. Fuel and regional feed efficiency can be further implemented, mainly via fuel type and the types of vehicles used for transport. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chains" title="supply chains">supply chains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20food%20productions" title=" organic food productions"> organic food productions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20food%20production" title=" conventional food production"> conventional food production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20fossil%20fuel%20use" title=" agricultural fossil fuel use"> agricultural fossil fuel use</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6626/a-comparative-analysis-of-conventional-and-organic-dairy-supply-chain-assessing-transport-costs-and-external-effects-in-southern-sweden" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2424</span> Impact of Climatic Parameters on Soil's Nutritional and Enzymatic Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanchan%20Vishwakarma">Kanchan Vishwakarma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivesh%20Sharma"> Shivesh Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitin%20Kumar"> Nitin Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil is incoherent matter on Earth’s surface having organic and mineral content. The spatial variation of 4 soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass were assessed for two seasons’ viz. monsoon and winter along the latitudinal gradient in North-central India as the area of this study is fettered with respect to national status. The study was facilitated to encompass the effect of climate change, enzyme activity and biomass on nutrient cycling. Top soils were sampled from 4 sites in North-India. There were significant correlations found between organic C, N & P wrt to latitude gradient in two seasons. This distribution of enzyme activities and microbial biomass was consequence of alterations in temperature and moisture of soil because of which soil properties change along the latitude transect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latitude%20gradient" title="latitude gradient">latitude gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20biomass" title=" microbial biomass"> microbial biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture" title=" moisture"> moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20carbon" title=" organic carbon"> organic carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44489/impact-of-climatic-parameters-on-soils-nutritional-and-enzymatic-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2423</span> Reverse Osmosis Application on Sewage Tertiary Treatment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisa%20K.%20Schoenell">Elisa K. Schoenell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristiano%20De%20Oliveira"> Cristiano De Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luiz%20R.%20H.%20Dos%20Santos"> Luiz R. H. Dos Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandre%20Giacobbo"> Alexandre Giacobbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9a%20M.%20Bernardes"> Andréa M. Bernardes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20A.%20S.%20Rodrigues"> Marco A. S. Rodrigues</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water is an indispensable natural resource, which must be preserved to human activities as well the ecosystems. However, the sewage discharge has been contaminating water resources. Conventional treatment, such as physicochemical treatment followed by biological processes, has not been efficient to the complete degradation of persistent organic compounds, such as medicines and hormones. Therefore, the use of advanced technologies to sewage treatment has become urgent and necessary. The aim of this study was to apply Reverse Osmosis (RO) on sewage tertiary treatment from a Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) in south Brazil. It was collected 200 L of sewage pre-treated by wetland with aquatic macrophytes. The sewage was treated in a RO pilot plant, using a polyamide membrane BW30-4040 model (DOW FILMTEC), with 7.2 m² membrane area. In order to avoid damage to the equipment, this system contains a pleated polyester filter with 5 µm pore size. It was applied 8 bar until achieve 5 times of concentration, obtaining 80% of recovery of permeate, with 10 L.min-1 of concentrate flow rate. Samples of sewage pre-treated on WWTP, permeate and concentrate generated on RO was analyzed for physicochemical parameters and by gas chromatography (GC) to qualitative analysis of organic compounds. The results proved that the sewage treated on WWTP does not comply with the limit of phosphorus and nitrogen of Brazilian legislation. Besides this, it was found many organic compounds in this sewage, such as benzene, which is carcinogenic. Analyzing permeate results, it was verified that the RO as sewage tertiary treatment was efficient to remove of physicochemical parameters, achieving 100% of iron, copper, zinc and phosphorus removal, 98% of color removal, 91% of BOD and 62% of ammoniacal nitrogen. RO was capable of removing organic compounds, however, it was verified the presence of some organic compounds on de RO permeate, showing that RO did not have the capacity of removal all organic compounds of sewage. It has to be considered that permeate showed lower intensity of peaks in chromatogram in comparison to the sewage of WWTP. It is important to note that the concentrate generate on RO needs a treatment before its disposal in environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20compounds" title="organic compounds">organic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20osmosis" title=" reverse osmosis"> reverse osmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20treatment" title=" sewage treatment"> sewage treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tertiary%20treatment" title=" tertiary treatment"> tertiary treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81550/reverse-osmosis-application-on-sewage-tertiary-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2422</span> In-Situ Fabrication of ZnO PES Membranes for Treatment of Pharmaceuticals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oranso%20T.%20Mahlangi">Oranso T. Mahlangi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhekie%20B.%20Mamba"> Bhekie B. Mamba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The occurrence of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) in water has raised health concerns for living organisms. The majority of TorCs, including pharmaceuticals and volatile organic compounds, are poorly monitored, partly due to the high cost of analysis and less strict water quality guidelines in South Africa. Therefore, the removal of TorCs is important to guarantee safe potable water. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were fabricated in situ in polyethersulfone (PES) polymer solutions. This was followed by membrane synthesis using the phase inversion technique. Techniques such as FTIR, Raman, SEM, AFM, EDS, and contact angle measurements were used to characterize the membranes for several physicochemical properties. The membranes were then evaluated for their efficiency in treating pharmaceutical wastewater and resistance to organic (sodium alginate) and protein (bovine serum albumin) fouling. EDS micrographs revealed uniform distribution of ZnO nanoparticles within the polymer matrix, while SEM images showed uniform fingerlike structures. The addition of ZnO increased membrane roughness as well as hydrophilicity (which in turn improved water fluxes). The membranes poorly rejected monovalent and divalent salts (< 10%), making them resistant to flux decline due to concentration polarization effects. However, the membranes effectively removed carbamazepine, caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, ibuprofen, and naproxen by over 50%. ZnO PES membranes were resistant to organic and protein fouling compared to the neat membrane. ZnO PES ultrafiltration membranes may provide a solution in the reclamation of wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20organic%20compounds" title="trace organic compounds">trace organic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceuticals" title=" pharmaceuticals"> pharmaceuticals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20fouling" title=" membrane fouling"> membrane fouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20reclamation" title=" wastewater reclamation"> wastewater reclamation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147068/in-situ-fabrication-of-zno-pes-membranes-for-treatment-of-pharmaceuticals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2421</span> Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Health Product E-Commerce Market in Singapore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Green">Andrew Green</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaming%20Liu"> Jiaming Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kellathur%20Srinivasan"> Kellathur Srinivasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20Chua"> Raymond Chua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The size of Singapore’s online health product (HP) market (e-commerce) is largely unknown. However, it is recognized that a large majority comes from overseas and thus, unregulated. As buying HP from unauthorized sources significantly compromises public health safety, understanding e-commerce users’ demographics and their perceptions on online HP purchasing becomes a pivotal first step to form a basis for recommendations in Singapore’s pharmacovigilance efforts. Objective: To assess the prevalence of online HP purchasing behaviour among Singaporean e-commerce users. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study targeting Singaporean e-commerce users recruited from various local websites and online forums. Participants were not randomized into study arms but instead stratified by random sampling method based on participants’ age. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was used to explore participants' demographics, online HP purchasing behaviour, knowledge and attitude. The association of different variables with online HP purchasing behaviour was analysed using logistic regression statistics. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of HP e-commerce users in Singapore (%) and variables that contribute to the prevalence (adjusted prevalent ratio). Results: The study recruited 372 complete and valid responses. The prevalence of online HP consumers among e-commerce users in Singapore is estimated to be 55.9% (1.7 million consumers). Online purchasing of complementary HP (46.9%) was the most prevalent, followed by medical devices (21.6%) and Western medicine (20.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that age is an independent variable that correlates with the likelihood of buying HP online. The prevalence of HP e-commerce users is highest in the 35-44 age group (64.1%) and lowest among the 16-24 age group (36.4%). The most bought HP through the internet are vitamins and minerals (21.5%), non-herbal (15.9%), herbal (13.9%), weight loss (8.7%) and sports (8.4%) supplements. While the top 3 products are distributed equally between the genders, there is a skew towards female respondents (12.4% in females vs. 4.9% in males) for weight loss supplements and towards males (13.2% in males vs. 3.7% in females) for sports supplements. Even though online consumers are in the younger age brackets, our study found that up to 72.0% of HP bought online are bought for others (buyer’s family and/or friends). Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between purchasing HP through online means and the perceptions that 'internet is safe' (adjusted Prevalence Ratio=1.15, CI 1.03-1.28), 'buying HP online is time saving' (PR=1.17, CI 1.01-1.36), and 'recognition of HP brand' (PR=1.21 CI 1.06-1.40). Conclusions: This study has provided prevalence data for online HP market in Singapore, and has allowed the country’s regulatory body to formulate a targeted pharmacovigilance approach to this growing problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceuticals" title=" pharmaceuticals"> pharmaceuticals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmacovigilance" title=" pharmacovigilance"> pharmacovigilance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singapore" title=" Singapore"> Singapore</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64915/cross-sectional-analysis-of-the-health-product-e-commerce-market-in-singapore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2420</span> Awareness of Organic Products in Bangladesh: A Marketing Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheikh%20Mohammed%20Rafiul%20Huque">Sheikh Mohammed Rafiul Huque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bangladesh since its inception has been an economy that is fuelled by agriculture and agriculture has significant contribution to the GDP of Bangladesh. The agriculture of Bangladesh predominantly and historically dependent on organic sources of raw material though the place has taken in decades by inorganic sources of raw materials due to the high demand of food for rapidly growing of population. Meanwhile, a new market segment, which is niche market, has been evolving in the urban area in favor of organic products, though 71.1% population living in rural areas is dependent mainly on conventional products. The new market segment is search of healthy and safer source of food and they could believe that organic products are the solution of that. In Bangladesh, food adulteration is very common practices among the shop-keepers to extend the shelf life of raw vegetables and fruits. The niche group of city dwellers is aware about the fact and gradually shifting their buying behavior to organic products. A recent survey on organic farming revealed that 16,200 hectares under organic farming in recent time, which was only 2,500 hectares in 2008. This study is focused on consumer awareness of organic products and tried to explore the factors affecting organic food consumption among high income group of people. The hypothesis is developed to explore the effect of gender (GENDER), ability to purchase (ABILITY) and health awareness (HEALTH) on purchase intention (INTENTION). A snowball sampling was administered among the high income group of people in Dhaka city among 150 respondents. In this sampling process the study could identify only those samples who has consume organic products. A Partial Least Square (PLS) method was used to analyze data using path analysis. It was revealed from the analysis that coefficient determination R2 is 0.829 for INTENTION endogenous latent variable. This means that three latent variables (GENDER, ABILITY, and HEALTH) significantly explain 82.9% of the variance in INTENTION of purchasing organic products. Moreover, GENDER solely explains 6.3% and 8.6% variability of ABILITY and HEALTH respectively. The inner model suggests that HEALTH has strongest negative effect on INTENTION (-0.647) followed by ABILITY (0.344) and GENDER (0.246). The hypothesized path relationship between ABILITY->INTENTION, HEALTH->INTENTION and GENDER->INTENTION are statistically significant. Furthermore, the hypothesized path relationship between GENDER->ABILITY (0.262) and GENDER->HEALTH (-0.292) also statistically significant. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate how an organic product producer can improve his participatory guarantee system (PGS) while marketing the products. The study focuses on understanding gender (GENDER), ability (ABILITY) and health (HEALTH) factors while positioning the products (INTENTION) in the mind of the consumer. In this study, the respondents are found to care about high price and ability to purchase variables with loading -0.920 and 0.898. They are good indicators of ability to purchase (ABILITY). The marketers should consider about price of organic comparing to conventional products while marketing, otherwise, that will create negative intention to buy with a loading of -0.939. Meanwhile, it is also revealed that believability of chemical free component in organic products and health awareness affects health (HEALTH) components with high loading -0.941 and 0.682. The study analyzes that low believability of chemical free component and high price of organic products affects intension to buy. The marketers should not overlook this point while targeting the consumers in Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20awareness" title="health awareness">health awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20products" title=" organic products"> organic products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchase%20ability" title=" purchase ability"> purchase ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchase%20intention" title=" purchase intention "> purchase intention </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24484/awareness-of-organic-products-in-bangladesh-a-marketing-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2419</span> The Control of Type 2 Diabetes with Specific References to Dietary Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reham%20Algheshairy">Reham Algheshairy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research study is to identify the beneficial effects of Nigella sativa seeds, cherries and Ajwah dates on blood glucose levels among people with type 2 diabetes in the KSA population and healthy people in the UK. My hypothesis questions whether or not people with type 2 diabetes can lead a healthier life using these dietary supplements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20type%202" title="diabetes type 2">diabetes type 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cherry" title=" cherry"> cherry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nigella%20seeds" title=" nigella seeds"> nigella seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajwa%20date" title=" Ajwa date"> Ajwa date</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14999/the-control-of-type-2-diabetes-with-specific-references-to-dietary-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2418</span> Influence of Photophysical Parameters of Photoactive Materials on Exciton Diffusion Length and Diffusion Coefficient in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas%20Yeboah">Douglas Yeboah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jai%20Singh"> Jai Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been experimentally demonstrated that exciton diffusion length in organic solids can be improved by fine-tuning the material parameters that govern exciton transfer. Here, a theoretical study is carried out to support this finding. We have therefore derived expressions for the exciton diffusion length and diffusion coefficient of singlet and triplet excitons using Förster resonance energy transfer and Dexter carrier transfer mechanisms and are plotted as a function of photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, spectral overlap integral, refractive index and dipole moment of the photoactive material. We found that singlet exciton diffusion length increases with PL quantum yield and spectral overlap integral, and decreases with increase in refractive index. Likewise, the triplet exciton diffusion length increases when PL quantum yield increases and dipole moment decreases. The calculated diffusion lengths in different organic materials are compared with existing experimental values and found to be in reasonable agreement. The results are expected to provide insight in developing new organic materials for fabricating bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) with better photoconversion efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dexter%20carrier%20transfer" title="Dexter carrier transfer">Dexter carrier transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20coefficient" title=" diffusion coefficient"> diffusion coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exciton%20diffusion%20length" title=" exciton diffusion length"> exciton diffusion length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F%C3%B6ster%20resonance%20energy%20transfer" title=" Föster resonance energy transfer"> Föster resonance energy transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoactive%20materials" title=" photoactive materials"> photoactive materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photophysical%20parameters" title=" photophysical parameters"> photophysical parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69083/influence-of-photophysical-parameters-of-photoactive-materials-on-exciton-diffusion-length-and-diffusion-coefficient-in-bulk-heterojunction-organic-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2417</span> Detoxification and Recycling of the Harvested Microalgae using Eco-friendly Food Waste Recycling Technology with Salt-tolerant Mushroom Strains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Kim">J. M. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20W.%20Jung"> Y. W. Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Lee"> E. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20K.%20Kwack"> Y. K. Kwack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Sim%2A">S. K. Sim*</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cyanobacterial blooms in lakes, reservoirs, and rivers have been environmental and social issues due to its toxicity, odor, etc. Among the cyanotoxins, microcystins exist mostly within the cyanobacterial cells, and they are released from the cells. Therefore, an innovative technology is needed to detoxify the harvested microalgae for environment-friendly utilization of the harvested microalgae. This study develops detoxification method of microcystins in the harvested microalgae and recycling harvested microalgae with food waste using salt-tolerant mushroom strains and natural ecosystem decomposer. During this eco-friendly organic waste recycling process, diverse bacteria or various enzymes of the salt-tolerant mushroom strains decompose the microystins and cyclic peptides. Using PHLC/Mass analysis, it was verified that 99.8% of the microcystins of the harvested microalgae was detoxified in the harvested mushroom as well as in the recycled organic biomass. Further study is planned to verify the decomposition mechanisms of the microcystins by the bacteria or enzymes. In this study, the harvested microalgae is mixed with the food waste, and then the mixed toxic organic waste is used as mushroom compost by adjusting the water content of about 70% using cellulose such as sawdust cocopeats and cottonseeds. The mushroom compost is bottled, sterilized, and salt-tolerant mushroom spawn is inoculated. The mushroom is then cultured and growing in the temperature, humidity, and CO2 controlled environment. During the cultivation and growing process of the mushroom, microcystins are decomposed into non-toxic organic or inorganic compounds by diverse bacteria or various enzymes of the mushroom strains. Various enzymes of the mushroom strains decompose organics of the mixed organic waste and produce nutritious and antibiotic mushrooms. Cultured biomass compost after mushroom harvest can be used for organic fertilizer, functional bio-feed, and RE-100 biomass renewable energy source. In this eco-friendly organic waste recycling process, no toxic material, wastewater, nor sludge is generated; thus, sustainable with the circular economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title="microalgae">microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcystin" title=" microcystin"> microcystin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste" title=" food waste"> food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt-tolerant%20mushroom%20strains" title=" salt-tolerant mushroom strains"> salt-tolerant mushroom strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154121/detoxification-and-recycling-of-the-harvested-microalgae-using-eco-friendly-food-waste-recycling-technology-with-salt-tolerant-mushroom-strains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2416</span> The Impact of Initiators on Fast Drying Traffic Marking Paint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Taheri">Maryam Taheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Jahanfar"> Mehdi Jahanfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Ogino"> Kenji Ogino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fast drying traffic marking paint comprising a solvent-borne resin, a filler, a pigment and a solvent that is especially suitable for colder ambient (temperatures near freezing) applications, where waterborne traffic paint cannot be used. Acrylic resins based on methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, and styrene were synthesized in different solvents using organic peroxide initiators such as peroxyester, peroxyketal, dialkylperoxide and azo. After polymerization, the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index= PDI (Mw/Mn), viscosity, total residual monomer and APHA color were evaluated and results of organic peroxide initiators (t- butyl and t-amyl derivatives) were also compared with the azo initiator. The Mw, PDI, viscosity, mass conversation and APHA color of resins with t-amyl derivatives of organic peroxide initiators are very proper. The results of the traffic marking paints test such as non-volatile matter, no- pick- up time, hiding power, resistance to wear and water resistance study that produced with these resins also confirm this. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20drying%20traffic%20marking%20paint" title="fast drying traffic marking paint">fast drying traffic marking paint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acrylic%20resin" title=" acrylic resin"> acrylic resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20peroxide%20initiator" title=" organic peroxide initiator"> organic peroxide initiator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxyester" title=" peroxyester"> peroxyester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxyketal" title=" peroxyketal"> peroxyketal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialkylperoxide%20and%20azo%20initiator" title=" dialkylperoxide and azo initiator"> dialkylperoxide and azo initiator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82325/the-impact-of-initiators-on-fast-drying-traffic-marking-paint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2415</span> Impact of Organic Fertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer and Soil Conditioner on Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in Sudan Savannah, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Bello%20Sokoto">Mohammed Bello Sokoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adewumi%20Babatunde%20Adebayo"> Adewumi Babatunde Adebayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajit%20Singh"> Ajit Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field experiment was conducted at the dry land Teaching and Research Farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, during the 2023 rainy season to determine the effects of organic, inorganic, soil conditioner and integrated use of soil conditioners (Agzyme) with organic (super gro) and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of cowpea varieties. The research consisted of two cowpea varieties (SAMPEA-20-T and ex-GidanYunfa) and six combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers and soil conditioners factorially combined and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data were collected on plant height, leaf area index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, days to 50% flowering, grain yield, and 100 seed weight. Results indicated that the 100% inorganic fertilizer had a significantly increased growth parameter such as plant height and number of leaves, while combined application of the organic fertilizer and soil conditioner resulted in a significant increase in yield parameters such as number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield. The study observed that the use of soil conditioner in combination with fertilizers supports sustainable cowpea production. Application of 50% recommended inorganic + 50% soil conditioner or 50% liquid organic + 50% soil conditioner was better in increasing the number of pods/plant, seeds/pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield. The ex-Gidan Yunfa cowpea variety generally performed better in most parameters measured, such as plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield. Therefore, the combined application of 50% recommended inorganic + 50% soil conditioner or 50% liquid organic + 50% soil conditioner is effective for the sustainable production of cowpeas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated" title="integrated">integrated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizers" title=" fertilizers"> fertilizers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cowpea" title=" cowpea"> cowpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudan%20Savannah" title=" Sudan Savannah"> Sudan Savannah</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186529/impact-of-organic-fertilizer-inorganic-fertilizer-and-soil-conditioner-on-growth-and-yield-of-cowpea-vigna-unguiculata-l-walp-in-sudan-savannah-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2414</span> Process Development for the Conversion of Organic Waste into Valuable Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ife%20O.%20Bolaji">Ife O. Bolaji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels has increased the interest in the development of renewable and sustainable sources of energy. This would minimize the dependence on fossil fuels and serve as future alternatives. Organic wastes contain carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, which can be utilised as carbon sources for the production of bio-based products. Cellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer, being the main structural component of lignocellulosic materials. The aim of this project is to develop a biological process for the hydrolysis and fermentation of organic wastes into ethanol and organic acids. The hydrolysis and fermentation processes are integrated in a single vessel using undefined mixed culture microorganisms. The anaerobic fermentation of microcrystalline cellulose was investigated in continuous and batch reactors at 25°C with an appropriate growth medium for cellulase formation, hydrolysis, and fermentation. The reactors were inoculated with soil (B1, C1, C3) or sludge from an anaerobic digester (B2, C2) and the breakdown of cellulose was monitored by measuring the production of ethanol, organic acids and the residual cellulose. The batch reactors B1 and B2 showed negligible microbial activity due to inhibition while the continuous reactors, C1, C2 and C3, exhibited little cellulose hydrolysis which was concealed by the cellulose accumulation in the reactor. At the end of the continuous operation, the reactors C1, C2 and C3 were operated under batch conditions. 48%, 34% and 42% cellulose had been fermented by day 88, 55 and 55 respectively of the batch fermentation. Acetic acid, ethanol, propionic acid and butyric acids were the main fermentation products in the reactors. A stable concentration of 0.6 g/l ethanol and 5 g/L acetic acid was maintained in C3 for several weeks due to reduced activity of methanogens caused by the decrease in pH. Thus far, the results have demonstrated that mixed microbial culture is capable of hydrolysing and fermenting cellulose under lenient conditions. The fermentation of cellulose has been found effective in a combination of continuous and batch processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title="cellulose">cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrolysis" title=" hydrolysis"> hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20culture" title=" mixed culture"> mixed culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20waste" title=" organic waste"> organic waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40539/process-development-for-the-conversion-of-organic-waste-into-valuable-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2413</span> The Effects of Lithofacies on Oil Enrichment in Lucaogou Formation Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks in Santanghu Basin, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoheng%20Liu">Guoheng Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhilong%20Huang"> Zhilong Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For more than the past ten years, oil and gas production from marine shale such as the Barnett shale. In addition, in recent years, major breakthroughs have also been made in lacustrine shale gas exploration, such as the Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin in China. Lucaogou Formation shale, which is also lacustrine shale, has also yielded a high production in recent years, for wells such as M1, M6, and ML2, yielding a daily oil production of 5.6 tons, 37.4 tons and 13.56 tons, respectively. Lithologic identification and classification of reservoirs are the base and keys to oil and gas exploration. Lithology and lithofacies obviously control the distribution of oil and gas in lithological reservoirs, so it is of great significance to describe characteristics of lithology and lithofacies of reservoirs finely. Lithofacies is an intrinsic property of rock formed under certain conditions of sedimentation. Fine-grained sedimentary rocks such as shale formed under different sedimentary conditions display great particularity and distinctiveness. Hence, to our best knowledge, no constant and unified criteria and methods exist for fine-grained sedimentary rocks regarding lithofacies definition and classification. Consequently, multi-parameters and multi-disciplines are necessary. A series of qualitative descriptions and quantitative analysis were used to figure out the lithofacies characteristics and its effect on oil accumulation of Lucaogou formation fine-grained sedimentary rocks in Santanghu basin. The qualitative description includes core description, petrographic thin section observation, fluorescent thin-section observation, cathode luminescence observation and scanning electron microscope observation. The quantitative analyses include X-ray diffraction, total organic content analysis, ROCK-EVAL.II Methodology, soxhlet extraction, porosity and permeability analysis and oil saturation analysis. Three types of lithofacies were mainly well-developed in this study area, which is organic-rich massive shale lithofacies, organic-rich laminated and cloddy hybrid sedimentary lithofacies and organic-lean massive carbonate lithofacies. Organic-rich massive shale lithofacies mainly include massive shale and tuffaceous shale, of which quartz and clay minerals are the major components. Organic-rich laminated and cloddy hybrid sedimentary lithofacies contain lamina and cloddy structure. Rocks from this lithofacies chiefly consist of dolomite and quartz. Organic-lean massive carbonate lithofacies mainly contains massive bedding fine-grained carbonate rocks, of which fine-grained dolomite accounts for the main part. Organic-rich massive shale lithofacies contain the highest content of free hydrocarbon and solid organic matter. Moreover, more pores were developed in organic-rich massive shale lithofacies. Organic-lean massive carbonate lithofacies contain the lowest content solid organic matter and develop the least amount of pores. Organic-rich laminated and cloddy hybrid sedimentary lithofacies develop the largest number of cracks and fractures. To sum up, organic-rich massive shale lithofacies is the most favorable type of lithofacies. Organic-lean massive carbonate lithofacies is impossible for large scale oil accumulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithofacies%20classification" title="lithofacies classification">lithofacies classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuffaceous%20shale" title=" tuffaceous shale"> tuffaceous shale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20enrichment" title=" oil enrichment"> oil enrichment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucaogou%20formation" title=" Lucaogou formation"> Lucaogou formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79989/the-effects-of-lithofacies-on-oil-enrichment-in-lucaogou-formation-fine-grained-sedimentary-rocks-in-santanghu-basin-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2412</span> Geotechnical Properties and Compressibility Behavior of Organic Dredged Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inci%20Develioglu">Inci Develioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Firat%20Pulat"> Hasan Firat Pulat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable development is one of the most important topics in today's world, and it is also an important research topic for geoenvironmental engineering. Dredging process is performed to expand the river and port channel, flood control and accessing harbors. Every year large amount of sediment are dredged for these purposes. Dredged marine soils can be reused as filling materials, road and foundation embankments, construction materials and wildlife habitat developments. In this study, geotechnical engineering properties and compressibility behavior of dredged soil obtained from the Izmir Bay were investigated. The samples with four different organic matter contents were obtained and particle size distributions, consistency limits, pH and specific gravity tests were performed. The consolidation tests were conducted to examine organic matter content (OMC) effects on compressibility behavior of dredged soil. This study has shown that the OMC has an important effect on the engineering properties of dredged soils. The liquid and plastic limits increased with increasing OMC. The lowest specific gravity belonged to sample which has the maximum OMC. The specific gravity values ranged between 2.76 and 2.52. The maximum void ratio difference belongs to sample with the highest OMC (De<sub>11%</sub> = 0.38)<sub>.</sub> As the organic matter content of the samples increases, the change in the void ratio has also increased. The compression index increases with increasing OMC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressibility" title="compressibility">compressibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation" title=" consolidation"> consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical%20properties" title=" geotechnical properties"> geotechnical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20matter%20content" title=" organic matter content"> organic matter content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dredged%20soil" title=" dredged soil"> dredged soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57070/geotechnical-properties-and-compressibility-behavior-of-organic-dredged-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2411</span> Systems of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Application with Respect to Environmental Impact</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidayatul%20Fitri">Hidayatul Fitri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20%C5%A0a%C5%99ec"> Petr Šařec</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of organic fertilizer is increasing nowadays, and the application must be conducted accurately to provide the right benefits for plants and maintain soil health. Improper application of fertilizers can cause problems for both plants and the environment. This study investigated the liquid organic fertilizer application, particularly digestate, varied into different application doses concerning mitigation of adverse environmental impacts, improving water infiltration ability, and crop yields. The experiment was established into eight variants with different digestate doses, conducted on emission monitoring and soil physical properties. As a result, the digestate application with shallow injection (5 cm in depth) was confirmed as an appropriate technique for applying liquid fertilizer into the soil. Gas emissions resulted in low concentration and declined gradually over time, obviously proved from the experiment conducted under two measurements immediately after application and the next day. Applied various doses of liquid digestate fertilizer affected the emission concentrations of NH3 volatilization, differing significantly and decreasing about 40% from the first to second measurement. In this study, winter wheat crop production significantly increases under digestate application with additional N fertilizer. This study suggested the long-term application of digestate to obtain more alteration of soil properties such as bulk density, penetration resistance, and hydraulic conductivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20organic%20fertilizer" title="liquid organic fertilizer">liquid organic fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestate" title=" digestate"> digestate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application" title=" application"> application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia" title=" ammonia"> ammonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission" title=" emission"> emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157208/systems-of-liquid-organic-fertilizer-application-with-respect-to-environmental-impact" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20supplements&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20supplements&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20supplements&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20supplements&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20supplements&page=4">4</a></li> <li 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