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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standard_Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Standard Library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>New functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Existing_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Existing_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Existing functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Existing_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preprocessor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preprocessor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Preprocessor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preprocessor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Constants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keywords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keywords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Keywords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keywords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C++_compatibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C++_compatibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>C++ compatibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C++_compatibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Other features</span> 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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Available texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Available_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C2x" title="سی2x – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سی2x" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/C23_(C%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E)" title="C23 (C言語) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="C23 (C言語)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/C23" title="C23 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="C23" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/C23" title="C23 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="C23" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C23" title="C23 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="C23" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C23_(C_standart_revizyonu)" title="C23 (C standart revizyonu) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="C23 (C standart revizyonu)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C23" title="C23 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="C23" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)#History" title="C (programming language)">C language revisions</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%26R_C" class="mw-redirect" title="K&R C">K&R C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">ANSI C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C99" title="C99">C99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C11_(C_standard_revision)" title="C11 (C standard revision)">C11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C17_(C_standard_revision)" title="C17 (C standard revision)">C17</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C23</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C_language_revisions" title="Template:C language revisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C_language_revisions" title="Template talk:C language revisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C_language_revisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C language revisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>C23</b>, formally <b>ISO/IEC 9899:2024</b>, is the current <a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">open standard</a> for the <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> programming language, which supersedes <a href="/wiki/C17_(C_standard_revision)" title="C17 (C standard revision)">C17</a> (standard ISO/IEC 9899:2018).<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOfC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOfC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was started in 2016 informally as C2x,<sup id="cite_ref-C2xCharter_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2xCharter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was published on October 31, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The freely available draft most similar to the one published is document N3220<sup id="cite_ref-N3220_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3220-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see <a href="#Available_texts">Available texts</a>, below). The first WG14 meeting for the C2x draft was held in October 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-N2437_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2437-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> virtual remote meetings were held in 2020 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, then various teleconference meetings continued to occur through 2024. </p><p>In C23, the value of __STDC_VERSION__ changes from 201710L to 202311L. The common names "C17" and "C23" reflect these values, which are frozen prior to final adoption, rather than the years in the ISO standards identifiers (9899:2018 and 9899:2024). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Changes integrated into the latest working draft of C23 are listed below.<sup id="cite_ref-N3096_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3096-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standard_Library">Standard Library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Standard Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_functions">New functions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Add <code>memset_explicit()</code> function in <code><<a href="/wiki/String.h" class="mw-redirect" title="String.h">string.h</a>></code> to erase sensitive data, where memory store must always be performed regardless of optimizations.<sup id="cite_ref-N2897_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2897-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code><a href="/wiki/Memccpy" class="mw-redirect" title="Memccpy">memccpy</a>()</code> function in <code><string.h></code> to efficiently concatenate strings – similar to <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> and <a href="/wiki/System_V_Interface_Definition" title="System V Interface Definition">SVID</a> C extensions.<sup id="cite_ref-N2349_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2349-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code><a href="/wiki/Strdup" class="mw-redirect" title="Strdup">strdup</a>()</code> and <code>strndup()</code> functions in <code><string.h></code> to allocate a copy of a string – similar to <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> and <a href="/wiki/System_V_Interface_Definition" title="System V Interface Definition">SVID</a> C extensions.<sup id="cite_ref-N2353_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2353-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>memalignment()</code> function in <code><<a href="/wiki/Stdlib.h" class="mw-redirect" title="Stdlib.h">stdlib.h</a>></code> to determine the byte alignment of a pointer.<sup id="cite_ref-N2974_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2974-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add bit utility functions / macros / types in new header <code><<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stdbit.h&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stdbit.h (page does not exist)">stdbit.h</a>></code> to examine many integer types. All start with <code>stdc_</code> to minimize conflict with legacy code and 3rd party libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>In the following, replace <code>*</code> with <code>uc</code>, <code>us</code>, <code>ui</code>, <code>ul</code>, <code>ull</code> for five function names, or blank for a type-generic macro.<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>stdc_count_ones*()</code> and <code>stdc_count_zeros*()</code> to count number of 1 or 0 bits in value.<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>stdc_leading_ones*()</code> and <code>stdc_leading_zeros*()</code> to count leading 1 or 0 bits in value.<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>stdc_trailing_ones*()</code> and <code>stdc_trailing_zeros*()</code> to count trailing 1 or 0 bits in value.<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>stdc_first_leading_one*()</code> and <code>stdc_first_leading_zero*()</code> to find first leading bit with 1 or 0 in value.<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>stdc_first_trailing_one*()</code> and <code>stdc_first_trailing_zero*()</code> to find first trailing bit with 1 or 0 in value.<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>stdc_has_single_bit*()</code> to determine if value is an exact power of 2 (return true if and only if there is a single 1 bit).<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>stdc_bit_floor*()</code> to determine the largest integral power of 2 that is not greater than value.<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>stdc_bit_ceil*()</code> to determine the smallest integral power of 2 that is not less than value.<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>stdc_bit_width*()</code> to determine number of bits to represent a value.<sup id="cite_ref-N3022_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Add <code>timegm()</code> function in <code><<a href="/wiki/Time.h" class="mw-redirect" title="Time.h">time.h</a>></code> to convert time structure into calendar time value - similar to function in <a href="/wiki/Glibc" title="Glibc">glibc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musl" title="Musl">musl</a> libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-N2833_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2833-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>New <code><<a href="/wiki/Math.h" class="mw-redirect" title="Math.h">math.h</a>></code> functions based on IEEE 754-2019 recommendations, such as trigonometry functions operating on units of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>π</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a14ab905e021afda89bc1847b126c54bf3412ba5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.662ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi x}"></span> and <code>exp10</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Existing_functions">Existing functions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Existing functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Add <code>%b</code> binary conversion specifier to <code>printf()</code> function family.<sup id="cite_ref-N2630_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2630-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>%b</code> binary conversion specifier to <code>scanf()</code> function family.<sup id="cite_ref-N2630_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2630-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>0b</code> and <code>0B</code> binary conversion support to <code>strtol()</code> and <code>wcstol()</code> function families.<sup id="cite_ref-N2630_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2630-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Make the functions <code><a href="/wiki/Bsearch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bsearch">bsearch</a>()</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Bsearch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bsearch">bsearch_s</a>()</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Memchr" class="mw-redirect" title="Memchr">memchr</a>()</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Strchr" class="mw-redirect" title="Strchr">strchr</a>()</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Strpbrk" class="mw-redirect" title="Strpbrk">strpbrk</a>()</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Strrchr" class="mw-redirect" title="Strrchr">strrchr</a>()</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Strstr" class="mw-redirect" title="Strstr">strstr</a>()</code>, and their wide counterparts <code><a href="/wiki/Wmemchr" class="mw-redirect" title="Wmemchr">wmemchr</a>()</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Wcschr" class="mw-redirect" title="Wcschr">wcschr</a>()</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Wcspbrk" class="mw-redirect" title="Wcspbrk">wcspbrk</a>()</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Wcsrchr" class="mw-redirect" title="Wcsrchr">wcsrchr</a>()</code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Wcsstr" class="mw-redirect" title="Wcsstr">wcsstr</a>()</code> return a const qualified object if one was passed to them.<sup id="cite_ref-N3020_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3020-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preprocessor">Preprocessor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Preprocessor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="cp">#elifdef</span></code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="cp">#elifndef</span></code> <a href="/wiki/Preprocessor_directive" class="mw-redirect" title="Preprocessor directive">directives</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-N2645_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2645-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are essentially equivalent to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="cp">#elif defined</span></code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="cp">#elif !defined</span></code>. Both directives were added to <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B23" title="C++23">C++23</a></span> standard and <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a> 12.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="cp">#embed</span></code> directive for binary resource inclusion and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">__has_embed</span></code> allowing the availability of a resource to be checked by preprocessor directives.<sup id="cite_ref-N3017_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="cp">#warning</span></code> directive for diagnostics.<sup id="cite_ref-N2686_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2686-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">__has_include</span></code> allowing the availability of a header to be checked by preprocessor directives.<sup id="cite_ref-N2799_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2799-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">__has_c_attribute</span></code> allowing the availability of an attribute to be checked by preprocessor directives.<sup id="cite_ref-N2553_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2553-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see "<span class="nowrap">C++</span> compatibility" group for new attribute feature)</li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">__VA_OPT__</span></code> functional macro for <a href="/wiki/Variadic_macro" class="mw-redirect" title="Variadic macro">variadic macros</a> which expands to its argument only if a variadic argument has been passed to the containing macro.<sup id="cite_ref-N3033_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3033-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types">Types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Add <a href="/wiki/Nullptr_t" class="mw-redirect" title="Nullptr t"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="n">nullptr_t</span></code></a>, a <a href="/wiki/Null_pointer" title="Null pointer">null pointer</a> type.<sup id="cite_ref-N3042_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3042-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="kt">_BitInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span></code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">_BitInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span></code> types for bit-precise integers. Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">BITINT_MAXWIDTH</span></code> macro for maximum bit width.<sup id="cite_ref-N2763_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2763-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-N3035_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3035-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>ckd_add()</code>, <code>ckd_sub()</code>, <code>ckd_mul()</code> macros for checked integer operations.<sup id="cite_ref-N2867_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2867-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Variably-modified types (but not <a href="/wiki/Variable-length_array" title="Variable-length array">VLAs</a> which are <a href="/wiki/Automatic_variable" title="Automatic variable">automatic variables</a> allocated on the stack) become a mandatory feature.<sup id="cite_ref-N2778_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2778-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Better support for using <code><a href="/wiki/Const_(computer_programming)" title="Const (computer programming)">const</a></code> with arrays.<sup id="cite_ref-N2607_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2607-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Standardization of the <code><a href="/wiki/Typeof" title="Typeof">typeof</a>(...)</code> operator.<sup id="cite_ref-N2899_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2899-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The meaning of the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">auto</span></code> keyword was changed to cause <a href="/wiki/Type_inference" title="Type inference">type inference</a> while also retaining its old meaning of a <a href="/wiki/Storage_class_specifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Storage class specifier">storage class specifier</a> if used alongside a type. Unlike <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, C23 allows type inference only for object definitions (no inferring function return type or function parameter type).<sup id="cite_ref-N3007_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3007-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Compatibility rules for structure, union, and enumerated types were changed to allow a redeclaration of a compatible type with the same tag.<sup id="cite_ref-N3037_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3037-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Exact-width integer may now exceed <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">intmax_t</code> (N2888).<sup id="cite_ref-shep2207_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shep2207-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constants">Constants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Constants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Add <a href="/wiki/Nullptr" class="mw-redirect" title="Nullptr"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="n">nullptr</span></code></a> constant for <code>nullptr_t</code> type.<sup id="cite_ref-N3042_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3042-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code>wb</code> and <code>uwb</code> integer literal suffixes for <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="kt">_BitInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span></code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">_BitInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span></code> types,<sup id="cite_ref-N2775_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2775-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="mi">6u</span><span class="n">wb</span></code> yields an <code>unsigned _BitInt(3)</code>, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="mi">-6</span><span class="n">wb</span></code> yields a <code>signed _BitInt(4)</code> which has three value bits and one sign bit.</li> <li>Add <code>0b</code> and <code>0B</code> <a href="/wiki/Integer_literal" title="Integer literal">binary literal constant</a> prefixes,<sup id="cite_ref-N2549_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2549-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="mb">0b10101010</span></code> (equating to 0xAA).</li> <li>Add <code>'</code> digit separator to literal constants,<sup id="cite_ref-N2626_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2626-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="mh">0xFE'DC'BA'98</span></code> (equating to 0xFEDCBA98), <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="mi">299'792'458</span></code> (equating to <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">299792458</a>), <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="mf">1.414'213'562</span></code> (equating to <a href="/wiki/Square_root_of_2" title="Square root of 2">1.414213562</a>).</li> <li>Add the ability to specify the underlying type of an <code><a href="/wiki/Enumerated_type" title="Enumerated type">enum</a></code>.<sup id="cite_ref-N3030_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3030-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Allow <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">enum</span></code>s with no fixed underlying type to store values that are not representable by <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="kt">int</span></code>.<sup id="cite_ref-N3029_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3029-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keywords">Keywords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Keywords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="nb">true</span></code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="nb">false</span></code> keywords.<sup id="cite_ref-N2935_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2935-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">alignas</span></code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">alignof</span></code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="kt">bool</span></code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">static_assert</span></code>, <a href="/wiki/Thread-local_storage" title="Thread-local storage"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="k">thread_local</span></code></a> keywords. Previously defined keywords become alternative spellings: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">_Alignas</span></code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">_Alignof</span></code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="kt">_Bool</span></code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">_Static_assert</span></code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">_Thread_local</span></code>.<sup id="cite_ref-N2934_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2934-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="kt">_BitInt</span></code> keyword (see "types" group)</li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">typeof</span></code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">typeof_unqual</span></code> keywords (see "types" group)</li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">nullptr</span></code> keyword (see "constants" group)</li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">constexpr</span></code> keyword (see "other" group)</li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">_Decimal32</span></code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">_Decimal64</span></code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">_Decimal128</span></code> keywords for (optional) <a href="/wiki/Decimal_floating_point" title="Decimal floating point">decimal floating-point</a> arithmetic (see "other" group)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntax">Syntax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Label_(computer_science)" title="Label (computer science)">Labels</a> can appear before <a href="/wiki/Declaration_(computer_programming)" title="Declaration (computer programming)">declarations</a> and at the end of <a href="/wiki/Statement_(computer_science)#Compound_statements" title="Statement (computer science)">compound statements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-N2508_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2508-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Unnamed parameters in function definitions.<sup id="cite_ref-N2510_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2510-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zero initialization with <code>{}</code> (including initialization of VLAs).<sup id="cite_ref-N2900_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2900-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variadic_functions" class="mw-redirect" title="Variadic functions">Variadic functions</a> no longer need a named argument before the ellipsis and the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">va_start</span></code> macro no longer needs a second argument nor does it evaluate any argument after the first one if present.<sup id="cite_ref-N2975_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2975-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B11" title="C++11">C++11</a> style <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B11#Attributes" title="C++11">attribute</a> syntax<sup id="cite_ref-N2335_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2335-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using double square brackets <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[]]</span></code>. In addition to <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B11" title="C++11">C++11</a> attributes listed below, add new attributes: <ul><li><code>[[unsequenced]]</code><sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allows compiler optimizations for functions producing repeatable outputs only based on their parameters</li> <li><code>[[reproducible]]</code>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar to <code>[[unsequenced]]</code>, but for functions whose call order also matters</li></ul></li> <li>Add single-argument <code><a href="/wiki/Assert.h#static_assert" title="Assert.h">_Static_assert</a></code> for compatibility with <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B17" title="C++17">C++17</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-N2265_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2265-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Functions with no arguments listed in the prototype <code>void foo()</code> are understood as taking no arguments (see removal of K&R function declarations)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C++_compatibility"><span id="C.2B.2B_compatibility"></span>C++ compatibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: C++ compatibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Various syntax changes improve compatibility with C++, such as <a href="/wiki/Label_(computer_science)" title="Label (computer science)">labels</a> before declarations, unnamed function arguments, zero initialization with <code>{}</code>, variadic functions without named argument, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B11" title="C++11">C++11</a> style attributes, <code><a href="/wiki/Assert.h#static_assert" title="Assert.h">_Static_assert</a></code> (see Syntax). For <a href="/wiki/Label_(computer_science)" title="Label (computer science)">labels</a> at the end of compound statements a corresponding change was made to <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B23" title="C++23">C++23</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add C++-style attributes (see Syntax). Add attributes<sup id="cite_ref-N2554_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2554-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">deprecated</span><span class="p">]]</span></code>,<sup id="cite_ref-N2334_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2334-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">fallthrough</span><span class="p">]]</span></code>,<sup id="cite_ref-N2408_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2408-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">maybe_unused</span><span class="p">]]</span></code>,<sup id="cite_ref-N2270_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2270-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">nodiscard</span><span class="p">]]</span></code>,<sup id="cite_ref-N2267_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2267-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="k">noreturn</span><span class="p">]]</span></code> attribute for compatibility with <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B11" title="C++11">C++11</a>, then deprecate <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">_Noreturn</span></code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="k">noreturn</span></code>, header <code><stdnoreturn.h></code> features introduced in <a href="/wiki/C11_(C_standard_revision)" title="C11 (C standard revision)">C11</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-N2764_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2764-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duplicate attributes are allowed for compatibility with <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B23" title="C++23">C++23</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-N2557_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2557-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All standard attributes can also be surrounded by double underscores (e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">__deprecated__</span><span class="p">]]</span></code> is equivalent to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">deprecated</span><span class="p">]]</span></code>).</li> <li>Add <code>u8</code> prefix for <a href="/wiki/Character_literal" title="Character literal">character literals</a> to represent <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> encoding for compatibility with <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B17" title="C++17">C++17</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-N2418_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2418-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="cp">#elifdef</span></code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="cp">#elifndef</span></code> preprocessing directives for compatibility with <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B23" title="C++23">C++23</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-N2645_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2645-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see "preprocessor" group)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_features">Other features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Support for the ISO/IEC 60559:2020, the current version of the <a href="/wiki/IEEE_754" title="IEEE 754">IEEE 754 standard</a> for floating-point arithmetic, with extended binary floating-point arithmetic and (optional) decimal floating-point arithmetic.<sup id="cite_ref-N2341_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2341-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-N2601_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2601-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The <code><a href="/wiki/Constexpr" class="mw-redirect" title="Constexpr">constexpr</a></code> specifier for objects but not functions, unlike <a href="/wiki/Constexpr_(C%2B%2B)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constexpr (C++)">C++'s equivalent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-N3018_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3018-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">char8_t</span></code> type for storing <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> encoded data and change the type of u8 character constants and string literals to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">char8_t</span></code>. Also, the functions <code>mbrtoc8()</code> and <code>c8rtomb()</code> to convert a narrow multibyte character to UTF-8 encoding and a single code point from UTF-8 to a narrow multibyte character representation respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-N2653_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2653-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Clarify that all <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">char16_t</span></code> strings and literals shall be <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a> encoded, and all <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">char32_t</span></code> strings and literals shall be <a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a> encoded, unless otherwise explicitly specified.<sup id="cite_ref-N2728_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2728-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Allow <a href="/wiki/Storage_class_specifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Storage class specifier">storage class specifiers</a> to appear in compound literal definition.<sup id="cite_ref-N3038_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3038-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obsolete_features">Obsolete features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Obsolete features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some old obsolete features are either removed or deprecated from the working draft of C23: </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Remove <a href="/wiki/Digraphs_and_trigraphs_(programming)#C" title="Digraphs and trigraphs (programming)">trigraphs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-N2940_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2940-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Remove <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)#K&R_C" title="C (programming language)">K&R</a> function definitions/declarations (with no information about the function arguments).<sup id="cite_ref-N2432_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2432-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-N2841_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2841-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Remove representations for signed integers other than two's complement. <a href="/wiki/Two%27s_complement" title="Two's complement">Two's complement</a> signed integer representation will be required.<sup id="cite_ref-N2412_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2412-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">_HAS_SUBNORM</span></code> macros in <code><float.h></code> are obsolescent features.<sup id="cite_ref-N2993_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N2993-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compiler_support">Compiler support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Compiler support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following compilers implement an experimental compiler flag to support this standard: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a> 9,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clang" title="Clang">Clang</a> 9.0,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCC_(compiler)#Pelles_C" title="LCC (compiler)">Pelles C</a> 11.00<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Available_texts">Available texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Available texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other editions of the C standard, the official ISO text of the standard is not freely available. </p><p>The latest working draft pre-C23 that was made public was N3096,<sup id="cite_ref-N3096_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3096-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dated 2023-04-01. In the months that followed this draft, hundreds of changes<sup id="cite_ref-N3150_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3150-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were made before producing the working draft N3149 dated 2023-07-09 and the official draft standard N3219 dated 2024-02-22.<sup id="cite_ref-N3150_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3150-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-N3221_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3221-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither of these later drafts is public.<sup id="cite_ref-N3150_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3150-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-N3221_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3221-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the same date that the draft standard N3219 was announced, a new working draft N3220<sup id="cite_ref-N3220_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3220-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was made public. While this document is officially described<sup id="cite_ref-N3221_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3221-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a draft of the future version "C2Y" of the standard, the accompanying "Editor's Report" specifies that N3220 differs from the draft C23 standard N3219 only by a fix to one footnote in Annex K.<sup id="cite_ref-N3221_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3221-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output 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.reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HistoryOfC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HistoryOfC_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/history">"History of C"</a>. <i>cppreference.com</i>. 2022-06-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019191546/https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/history">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cppreference.com&rft.atitle=History+of+C&rft.date=2022-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.cppreference.com%2Fw%2Fc%2Flanguage%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C2xCharter-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-C2xCharter_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2086.htm">"WG14-N2086: C2x Charter"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2016-09-20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222213708/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2086.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2086%3A+C2x+Charter&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2086.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/82075.html">"ISO/IEC PRF 9899"</a>. <i>iso.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20240919185914/https://www.iso.org/standard/82075.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iso.org&rft.atitle=ISO%2FIEC+PRF+9899&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F82075.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3220-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N3220_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3220_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3220.pdf">"ISO/IEC 9899:2024 (en) — N3220 working draft"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2024-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=ISO%2FIEC+9899%3A2024+%28en%29+%E2%80%94+N3220+working+draft&rft.date=2024-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3220.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2437-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2437_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2437.htm">"WG14-N2437: Agenda for October 2019"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2019-10-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305073426/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2437.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2437%3A+Agenda+for+October+2019&rft.date=2019-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2437.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3096-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N3096_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3096_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3096.pdf">"WG14-N3096: Draft for ISO/IEC 9899:2024"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. April 1, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402172459/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3096.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N3096%3A+Draft+for+ISO%2FIEC+9899%3A2024&rft.date=2023-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3096.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2897-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2897_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2897.htm">"WG14-N2897: memset_explicit()"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-12-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025074215/https://open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2897.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2897%3A+memset_explicit%28%29&rft.date=2021-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2897.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2349-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2349_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2349.htm">"WG14-N2349: Toward more efficient string copying and concatenation"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2019-03-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930092258/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2349.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2349%3A+Toward+more+efficient+string+copying+and+concatenation&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2349.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2353-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2353_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2353.htm">"WG14-N2353: strdup() and strndup()"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2019-03-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224063709/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2353.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2353%3A+strdup%28%29+and+strndup%28%29&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2353.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2974-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2974_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2974.pdf">"WG14-N2974: Queryable pointer alignment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-04-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013182240/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n2974.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2974%3A+Queryable+pointer+alignment&rft.date=2022-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2974.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3022-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3022_11-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3022.htm">"WG14-N3022: Modern Bit Utilities"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-07-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224194734/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3022.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N3022%3A+Modern+Bit+Utilities&rft.date=2022-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3022.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2833-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2833_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2833.htm">"WG14-N2833: Add timegm() as non-optional part of time.h"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-10-07. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201062452/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2833.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2833%3A+Add+timegm%28%29+as+non-optional+part+of+time.h&rft.date=2021-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2833.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See N3096 § B.11 for a useful overview. The functions were added in separate documents: N2488, its updated versions, and its refs.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2630-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N2630_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N2630_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N2630_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2630.pdf">"WG14-N2630: formatted input/output of binary integer numbers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-01-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221214154315/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n2630.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2630%3A+formatted+input%2Foutput+of+binary+integer+numbers&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2630.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3020-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N3020_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3020.pdf">"WG14-N3020: Qualifier-preserving standard library functions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-06-13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013190826/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n3020.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N3020%3A+Qualifier-preserving+standard+library+functions&rft.date=2022-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2645-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N2645_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N2645_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2645.pdf">"WG14-N2645: Add support for preprocessing directives #elifdef and #elifndef"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2020-01-25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128133337/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n2645.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2645%3A+Add+support+for+preprocessing+directives+%23elifdef+and+%23elifndef&rft.date=2020-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2645.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/news/GCC-12-elifdef-elifndef">"GCC 12 Adds Support For New #elifdef #elifndef Directives"</a>. <i>phoronix</i>. May 12, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227050002/https://www.phoronix.com/news/GCC-12-elifdef-elifndef">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phoronix&rft.atitle=GCC+12+Adds+Support+For+New+%23elifdef+%23elifndef+Directives&rft.date=2021-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fnews%2FGCC-12-elifdef-elifndef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3017-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N3017_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3017.htm">"WG14-N3017: #embed - a scannable, tooling-friendly binary resource inclusion mechanism"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-06-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224045304/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3017.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N3017%3A+%23embed+-+a+scannable%2C+tooling-friendly+binary+resource+inclusion+mechanism&rft.date=2022-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3017.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2686-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2686_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2686.pdf">"WG14-N2686: #warning"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-07-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128133337/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n2686.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2686%3A+%23warning&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2686.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2799-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2799_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2799.pdf">"WG14-N2799: __has_include for C"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-08-30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224103617/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n2799.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2799%3A+__has_include+for+C&rft.date=2021-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2799.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2553-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2553_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2553.pdf">"WG14-N2553: Querying attribute support"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2020-08-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221014221314/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n2553.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2553%3A+Querying+attribute+support&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2553.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3033-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N3033_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3033.htm">"WG14-N3033: Comma omission and comma deletion"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-07-20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227031727/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3033.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N3033%3A+Comma+omission+and+comma+deletion&rft.date=2022-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3033.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3042-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N3042_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3042_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n3042.htm">"WR14-N3042: Introduce the nullptr constant"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-07-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224043228/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n3042.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WR14-N3042%3A+Introduce+the+nullptr+constant&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen-std.org%2FJTC1%2FSC22%2FWG14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3042.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2763-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2763_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2763.pdf">"WG14-N2763: Adding a Fundamental Type for N-bit integers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-06-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227055250/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2763.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2763%3A+Adding+a+Fundamental+Type+for+N-bit+integers&rft.date=2021-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2763.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3035-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N3035_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3035.pdf">"WG14-N3035: _BitInt Fixes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-07-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013182206/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n3035.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N3035%3A+_BitInt+Fixes&rft.date=2022-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3035.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2867-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2867_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2867.pdf">"WG14-N2867: Checked N-Bit Integers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-11-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221214154907/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n2867.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2867%3A+Checked+N-Bit+Integers&rft.date=2021-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2867.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2778-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2778_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2778.pdf">"WG14-N2778: Variably-Modified Types"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-07-11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222053411/https://open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2778.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2778%3A+Variably-Modified+Types&rft.date=2021-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2607-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2607_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2607.pdf">"WG14-N2607: Compatibility of Pointers to Arrays with Qualifiers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2020-10-31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013182946/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n2607.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2607%3A+Compatibility+of+Pointers+to+Arrays+with+Qualifiers&rft.date=2020-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2607.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2899-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2899_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2899.htm">"WG14-N2899: Not-so-magic - typeof for C"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-01-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224044528/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2899.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2899%3A+Not-so-magic+-+typeof+for+C&rft.date=2022-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2899.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3007-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N3007_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3007.htm">"WG14-N3007: Type inference for object definitions"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-06-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224105654/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n3007.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N3007%3A+Type+inference+for+object+definitions&rft.date=2022-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3007.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3037-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N3037_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3037.pdf">"WG14-N3037: Improved Rules 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pasture&rft.atitle=C23+is+Finished%3A+Here+is+What+is+on+the+Menu&rft.date=2022-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthephd.dev%2Fc23-is-coming-here-is-what-is-on-the-menu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2775-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2775_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2775.pdf">"WG14-N2775: Literal suffixes for bit-precise integers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-07-13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224132455/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n2934.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2934%3A+Revise+spelling+of+keywords&rft.date=2022-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2934.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2508-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2508_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2508.pdf">"WG14-N2508: Free Positioning of Labels Inside 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2900%3A+Consistent%2C+Warningless%2C+and+Intuitive+Initialization+with+%7B%7D&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2900.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2975-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2975_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2975.pdf">"WG14-N2975: Relax requirements for variadic parameter lists"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-04-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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C"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2019-03-09. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026060722/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2335.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2335%3A+Attributes+in+C&rft.date=2019-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2335.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n2956.htm">"Unsequenced functions"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31970111/what-is-the-point-of-the-utf-8-character-literals-proposed-for-c17#31970297">What is the point of the UTF-8 character literals proposed for C++17?; Stack Overflow.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2341-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2341_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2341.pdf">"WG14-N2341: ISO/IEC TS 18661-2 - Floating-point extensions for C - Part 2: Decimal floating-point arithmetic"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 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October 15, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221014221322/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n2601.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2601%3A+Annex+X+-+IEC+60559+interchange+and+extended+types&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2601.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3018-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N3018_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3018.htm">"WG14-N3018: The constexpr specifier for object definitions"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-07-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224074302/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3018.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N3018%3A+The+constexpr+specifier+for+object+definitions&rft.date=2022-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3018.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2653-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2653_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2653.htm">"WG14-N2653: char8_t: A type for UTF-8 characters and strings (Revision 1)"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-06-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230527110842/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2653.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2653%3A+char8_t%3A+A+type+for+UTF-8+characters+and+strings+%28Revision+1%29&rft.date=2021-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2653.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2728-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2728_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2728.htm">"WG14-N2728: char16_t & char32_t string literals shall be UTF-16 & UTF-32"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-05-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230527110756/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2728.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2728%3A+char16_t+%26+char32_t+string+literals+shall+be+UTF-16+%26+UTF-32&rft.date=2021-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2728.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3038-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N3038_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n3038.htm">"WG14-N3038: Introduce storage-class specifiers for compound literals"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-07-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221126130057/https://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n3038.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N3038%3A+Introduce+storage-class+specifiers+for+compound+literals&rft.date=2022-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen-std.org%2FJTC1%2FSC22%2FWG14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3038.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2940-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2940_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2940.pdf">"WG14-N2940: Removing trigraphs??!"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-03-02. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026005747/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2940.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2940%3A+Removing+trigraphs%3F%3F%21&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2940.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2432-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2432_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2432.pdf">"WG14-N2432: Remove support for function definitions with identifier lists proposal"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. September 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227012244/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2432.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2432%3A+Remove+support+for+function+definitions+with+identifier+lists+proposal&rft.date=2019-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2432.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2841-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2841_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2841.htm">"WG14-N2841: No function declarators without prototypes"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2021-10-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112154740/https://www9.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2841.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2841%3A+No+function+declarators+without+prototypes&rft.date=2021-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2841.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2412-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2412_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2412.pdf">"WG14-N2412: Two's complement sign representation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>open-std.org</i>. August 11, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227174224/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2412.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2412%3A+Two%27s+complement+sign+representation&rft.date=2019-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2412.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N2993-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N2993_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2993.htm">"WG14-N2993: Make *_HAS_SUBNORM be obsolescent"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2022-06-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205194635/https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2993.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=WG14-N2993%3A+Make+%2A_HAS_SUBNORM+be+obsolescent&rft.date=2022-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn2993.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-9/changes.html#c">"GCC 9 Release Notes"</a>. <i>GNU Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227032646/https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-9/changes.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GNU+Project&rft.atitle=GCC+9+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgcc.gnu.org%2Fgcc-9%2Fchanges.html%23c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/d06f3917913d2558b771ccc48d838f8cd8993c01">"Clang 9.0 - add new language mode for C2x"</a>. <i>LLVM Project Repository</i>. May 14, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227032640/https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/d06f3917913d2558b771ccc48d838f8cd8993c01">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LLVM+Project+Repository&rft.atitle=Clang+9.0+-+add+new+language+mode+for+C2x&rft.date=2019-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fllvm%2Fllvm-project%2Fcommit%2Fd06f3917913d2558b771ccc48d838f8cd8993c01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smorgasbordet.com/pellesc/changes_1000_1100.htm">"Pelles C - major changes between 10.00 and 11.00"</a>. <i>smorgasbordet.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227032644/http://www.smorgasbordet.com/pellesc/changes_1000_1100.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=smorgasbordet.com&rft.atitle=Pelles+C+-+major+changes+between+10.00+and+11.00&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smorgasbordet.com%2Fpellesc%2Fchanges_1000_1100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3150-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N3150_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3150_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3150_71-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3150.htm">"N3150 - Editor's Report, Post January-February 2023 Meeting"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2023-07-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=N3150+-+Editor%27s+Report%2C+Post+January-February+2023+Meeting&rft.date=2023-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3150.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N3221-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N3221_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3221_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3221_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N3221_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3221.htm">"N3221 - Editor's Report, Post January 2024 Meeting"</a>. <i>open-std.org</i>. 2024-02-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-std.org&rft.atitle=N3221+-+Editor%27s+Report%2C+Post+January+2024+Meeting&rft.date=2024-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn3221.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC23+%28C+standard+revision%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3096.pdf">N3096</a> (last freely-available working draft before C23); WG14; April 2023. <i>(free download)</i></li> <li>N3149 (working draft of C23 standard); WG14; July 2023. <i>(not available to public)</i></li> <li>N3219 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/82075.html">ISO/IEC 9899:2023 DIS Draft</a>); WG14; February 2024. <i>(ISO draft available but not free)</i></li> <li>ISO/IEC 9899:2024 (official C23 standard); <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>; 2024. <i>(planning for release in 2024)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3220.pdf">N3220</a> (first working draft after C23; differs from draft standard N3219 only in one footnote<sup id="cite_ref-N3221_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N3221-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>); WG14; February 2024. <i>(free download)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C23_(C_standard_revision)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/">C Language WG14 (Working Group 14)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/wg14_document_log.htm">WG14 Document Repository</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/meetings">WG14 Meetings</a> - agenda and minutes</li> <li>WG14 Charters: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2021.htm">C2x Charter</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2611.htm">C23 Charter</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2986.htm">Interpreting the C23 Charter</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3223.pdf">C Standard Charter</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/C17_(C_standard_revision)" title="C17 (C standard revision)">C17</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C language</a> standards </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Latest </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C_programming_language" title="Template:C programming language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C_programming_language" title="Template talk:C programming language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C_programming_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C programming language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="C_programming_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C programming language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">ANSI C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C99" title="C99">C99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C11_(C_standard_revision)" title="C11 (C standard revision)">C11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C17_(C_standard_revision)" title="C17 (C standard revision)">C17</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_C" title="Embedded C">Embedded C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISRA_C" title="MISRA C">MISRA C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">Functions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Include_directive#C" title="Include directive">Header files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operators_in_C_and_C%2B%2B" title="Operators in C and C++">Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_string_handling" title="C string handling">String</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_syntax" title="C syntax">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_preprocessor" title="C preprocessor">Preprocessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_data_types" title="C data types">Data types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/C_standard_library" title="C standard library">Standard library</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C_character_classification" title="C character classification">Char</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_file_input/output" title="C file input/output">File I/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_mathematical_functions" title="C mathematical functions">Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_dynamic_memory_allocation" title="C dynamic memory allocation">Dynamic memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_string_handling" title="C string handling">String</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_date_and_time_functions" title="C date and time functions">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stdarg.h" title="Stdarg.h">Variadic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_POSIX_library" title="C POSIX library">POSIX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bionic_(software)" title="Bionic (software)">Bionic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hybris_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybris (software)">libhybris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietlibc" title="Dietlibc">dietlibc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glibc" title="Glibc">glibc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_GLIBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded GLIBC">EGLIBC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klibc" title="Klibc">klibc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Windows CRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musl" title="Musl">musl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlib" title="Newlib">Newlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UClibc" title="UClibc">uClibc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_C_compilers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of C compilers">Compilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Compiler_Kit" title="Amsterdam Compiler Kit">ACK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borland_Turbo_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Borland Turbo C">Borland Turbo C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clang" title="Clang">Clang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_C%2B%2B_Compiler" title="Intel C++ Compiler">ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCC_(compiler)" title="LCC (compiler)">LCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norcroft_C_compiler" title="Norcroft C compiler">Norcroft C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_C_Compiler" title="Portable C Compiler">PCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Device_C_Compiler" title="Small Device C Compiler">SDCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_C_Compiler" title="Tiny C Compiler">TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio_Express" title="Microsoft Visual Studio Express">Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_C%2B%2B" title="Microsoft Visual C++">C++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcom_C/C%2B%2B" title="Watcom C/C++">Watcom C/C++</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDEs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anjuta" title="Anjuta">Anjuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLion" class="mw-redirect" title="CLion">CLion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code::Blocks" title="Code::Blocks">Code::Blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CodeLite" title="CodeLite">CodeLite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geany" title="Geany">Geany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Builder" title="GNOME Builder">GNOME Builder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDevelop" title="KDevelop">KDevelop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBeans" title="NetBeans">NetBeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparison with<br />other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_of_C_and_C%2B%2B" title="Compatibility of C and C++">Compatibility of C and C++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Pascal_and_C" title="Comparison of Pascal and C">Comparison with Pascal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Descendant<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D_(programming_language)" title="D (programming language)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a></li> <li><a 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