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cathode</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: cathode"> <meta name="keywords" content="cathode"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="cathode"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 205</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: cathode</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Study on the Relationship between the Emission Property of Barium-Tungsten Cathode and Micro-Area Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhen%20Qin">Zhen Qin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yufei%20Peng"> Yufei Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianbei%20Li"> Jianbei Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jidong%20Long"> Jidong Long</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to study the activity of the coated aluminate barium-tungsten cathodes during activation, aging, poisoning and long-term use. Through a set of hot-cathode micro-area emission uniformity study device, we tested the micro-area emission performance of the cathode under different conditions. The change of activity of cathode micro-area was obtained. The influence of micro-area activity on the performance of the cathode was explained by the ageing model of barium-tungsten cathode. This helps to improve the design and process of the cathode and can point the way in finding the factors that affect life in the cathode operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barium-tungsten%20cathode" title="barium-tungsten cathode">barium-tungsten cathode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ageing%20model" title=" ageing model"> ageing model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-area%20emission" title=" micro-area emission"> micro-area emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20uniformity" title=" emission uniformity"> emission uniformity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64095/study-on-the-relationship-between-the-emission-property-of-barium-tungsten-cathode-and-micro-area-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> A Statistical Model for the Dynamics of Single Cathode Spot in Vacuum Cylindrical Cathode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Po-Wen%20Chen">Po-Wen Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Yu%20Wu"> Jin-Yu Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Manirul%20Ali"> Md. Manirul Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Peng"> Yang Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Te%20Chang"> Chen-Te Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Der-Jun%20Jan"> Der-Jun Jan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamics of cathode spot has become a major part of vacuum arc discharge with its high academic interest and wide application potential. In this article, using a three-dimensional statistical model, we simulate the distribution of the ignition probability of a new cathode spot occurring in different magnetic pressure on old cathode spot surface and at different arcing time. This model for the ignition probability of a new cathode spot was proposed in two typical situations, one by the pure isotropic random walk in the absence of an external magnetic field, other by the retrograde motion in external magnetic field, in parallel with the cathode surface. We mainly focus on developed relationship between the ignition probability density distribution of a new cathode spot and the external magnetic field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20spot" title="cathode spot">cathode spot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20arc%20discharge" title=" vacuum arc discharge"> vacuum arc discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transverse%20magnetic%20field" title=" transverse magnetic field"> transverse magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20walk" title=" random walk"> random walk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52417/a-statistical-model-for-the-dynamics-of-single-cathode-spot-in-vacuum-cylindrical-cathode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Current Status of 5A Lab6 Hollow Cathode Life Tests in Lanzhou Institute of Physics, China </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanhui%20Jia">Yanhui Jia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ning%20Guo"> Ning Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Li"> Juan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunkui%20Sun"> Yunkui Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Yang"> Wei Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tianping%20Zhang"> Tianping Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Ma"> Lin Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Meng"> Wei Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hai%20Geng"> Hai Geng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current statuses of lifetime test of LaB6 hollow cathode at the Lanzhou institute of physics (LIP), China, was described. 5A LaB6 hollow cathode was designed for LIPS-200 40mN Xenon ion thruster and it could be used for LHT-100 80 mN Hall thruster, too. Life test of the discharge and neutralizer modes of LHC-5 hollow cathode were stared in October 2011, and cumulative operation time reached 17,300 and 16,100 hours in April 2015, respectively. The life of cathode was designed more than 11,000 hours. Parameters of discharge and key structure dimensions were monitored in different stage of life test indicated that cathodes were health enough. The test will continue until the cathode cannot work or operation parameter is not in normally. The result of the endurance test of cathode demonstrated that the LaB6 hollow cathode is satisfied for the required of thruster in life and performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LaB6" title="LaB6">LaB6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20cathode" title=" hollow cathode"> hollow cathode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thruster" title=" thruster"> thruster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime%20test" title=" lifetime test"> lifetime test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20propulsion" title=" electric propulsion"> electric propulsion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32964/current-status-of-5a-lab6-hollow-cathode-life-tests-in-lanzhou-institute-of-physics-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Modification of Li-Rich Layered Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 Cathode Material </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Li">Liu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Seng%20Lee"> Kim Seng Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Lu"> Li Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high-energy-density Li-rich layered materials are promising cathode materials for the next-generation high-performance lithium-ion batteries. The relatively low rate capability is one of the major problems that limit their practical application. In this work, Li-rich layered Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode material synthesized by coprecipitation method is further modified by F doping or surface treatment to enhance its cycling stability as well as rate capability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-ion%20battery" title="Li-ion battery">Li-ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-rich%20layered%20cathode%20material" title=" Li-rich layered cathode material"> Li-rich layered cathode material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transformation" title=" phase transformation"> phase transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycling%20stability" title=" cycling stability"> cycling stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20capacility" title=" rate capacility"> rate capacility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18626/modification-of-li-rich-layered-li12mn054ni013co013o2-cathode-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Analytical Model for Vacuum Cathode Arcs in an Oblique Magnetic Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20W.%20Chen">P. W. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20T.%20Chang"> C. T. Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Peng"> Y. Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Y.%20Wu"> J. Y. Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20J.%20Jan"> D. J. Jan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Manirul%20Ali"> Md. Manirul Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last decade, the nature of cathode spot splitting and the current per spot depended on an oblique magnetic field was investigated. This model for cathode current splitting is developed that we have investigated with relationship the magnetic pressures produced by kinetic pressure, self-magnetic pressure, and changed with an external magnetic field. We propose a theoretical model that has been established to an external magnetic field with components normal and tangential to the cathode surface influenced on magnetic pressure strength. We mainly focus on developed to understand the current per spot influenced with the tangential magnetic field strength and normal magnetic field strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20spot" title="cathode spot">cathode spot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20arc%20discharge" title=" vacuum arc discharge"> vacuum arc discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblique%20magnetic%20field" title=" oblique magnetic field"> oblique magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tangential%20magnetic%20field" title=" tangential magnetic field"> tangential magnetic field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52606/analytical-model-for-vacuum-cathode-arcs-in-an-oblique-magnetic-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Landfill Leachate: A Promising Substrate for Microbial Fuel Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayesh%20M.%20Sonawane">Jayesh M. Sonawane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakash%20C.%20Ghosh"> Prakash C. Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landfill leachate emerges as a promising feedstock for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In the present investigation, direct air-breathing cathode-based MFCs are fabricated to investigate the potential of landfill leachate. Three MFCs that have different cathode areas are fabricated and investigated for 17 days under open circuit conditions. The maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) is observed to be as high as 1.29 V. The maximum cathode area specific power density achieved in the reactor is 1513 mW m<sup>-2</sup>. Further studies are under progress to understand the origin of high OCV obtained from landfill leachate-based MFCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20fuel%20cells" title="microbial fuel cells">microbial fuel cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill%20leachate" title=" landfill leachate"> landfill leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air-breathing%20cathode" title=" air-breathing cathode"> air-breathing cathode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20study" title=" performance study"> performance study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60712/landfill-leachate-a-promising-substrate-for-microbial-fuel-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Research of Intrinsic Emittance of Thermal Cathode with Emission Nonuniformity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yufei%20Peng">Yufei Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhen%20Qin"> Zhen Qin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianbe%20Li"> Jianbe Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jidong%20Long"> Jidong Long</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermal cathode is widely used in accelerators, FELs and kinds of vacuum electronics. However, emission nonuniformity exists due to surface profile, material distribution, temperature variation, crystal orientation, etc., which will cause intrinsic emittance growth, brightness decline, envelope size augment, device performance deterioration or even failure. To understand how emittance is manipulated by emission nonuniformity, an intrinsic emittance model consisting of contributions from macro and micro surface nonuniformity is developed analytically based on general thermal emission model at temperature limited regime according to a real 3mm cathode. The model shows relative emittance increased about 50% due to temperature variation, and less than 5% from several kinds of micro surface nonuniformity which is much smaller than other research. Otherwise, we also calculated emittance growth combining with Monte Carlo method and PIC simulation, experiments of emission uniformity and emittance measurement are going to be carried out separately. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20cathode" title="thermal cathode">thermal cathode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20emission%20fluctuation" title=" electron emission fluctuation"> electron emission fluctuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrinsic%20emittance" title=" intrinsic emittance"> intrinsic emittance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20nonuniformity" title=" surface nonuniformity"> surface nonuniformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20lifetime" title=" cathode lifetime"> cathode lifetime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64153/research-of-intrinsic-emittance-of-thermal-cathode-with-emission-nonuniformity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Influence of Electrode Assembly on Catalytic Activation and Deactivation of a PT Film Immobilized H+ Conducting Solid Electrolyte in Electrocatalytic Reduction Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hasnat">M. A. Hasnat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Amirul%20Islam"> M. Amirul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Rashed"> M. A. Rashed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamil.%20Safwan"> Jamil. Safwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mahabubul%20Alam"> M. Mahabubul Alam </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Symmetric (Cu–Pt|Nafion|Pt–Cu) and asymmetric(Pt|Nafion|Pt–Cu) assemblies were fabricated to study the nitrate reduction processes at the cathode. The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reactions were performed in these assemblies in order to investigate the prerequisite for the enhanced catalytic activity, electrochemical cell durability as well as preferable product selectivity resulting from the reduction of nitrate at the cathode. It has been observed for the symmetric assembly that Cu particles were oxidized on the anode surface under an applied potential and the resulting copper ions migrated to the cathode surface through the Nafion membrane, which deposited as copper oxide on the cathode surface. The formation of this copper oxide covering layer on the Pt–Cu cathode surface is attributed as the reason for the deactivation of the cathode that governed the reduced nitrate reduction along with increasing nitrite selectivity. These problems were addressed and resolved with the asymmetric design of the electrocatalytic reactor, where enhanced hydrogen evolution activates the surface by eroding the CuO over layer as well as speeding up the slow rate determining hydrogenation reactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title="membrane">membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrate" title=" nitrate"> nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalysis" title=" electrocatalysis"> electrocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltammetry" title=" voltammetry"> voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolysis" title=" electrolysis"> electrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40350/influence-of-electrode-assembly-on-catalytic-activation-and-deactivation-of-a-pt-film-immobilized-h-conducting-solid-electrolyte-in-electrocatalytic-reduction-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Different Cathode Buffer Layers in Organic Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radia%20Kamel">Radia Kamel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considerable progress has been made in the development of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a blend of p-type and n-type organic semiconductors. To optimize the interfacial properties between the active layer and the electrode, a cathode buffer layer (CBL) is introduced. This layer can reduce the leakage current, increasing the open-circuit voltage and the fill factor while improving the OSC stability. In this work, the performance of PM6:Y6 OSC with 1-Chloronaphthalene as an additive is examined. To accomplish this, three CBLs PNDIT-F3N-Br, ZrAcac, and PDINO, are compared using the conventional configuration. The device with PNDIT-F3N-Br as CBL exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.04%. The results demonstrate that modifying the cathode buffer layer is crucial for achieving high-performance OSCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20heterojunction" title="bulk heterojunction">bulk heterojunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20buffer%20layer" title=" cathode buffer layer"> cathode buffer layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solar%20cells" title=" organic solar cells"> organic solar cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131695/different-cathode-buffer-layers-in-organic-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Study of Li-Rich Layered Cathode Materials for High-Energy Li-ion Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Li">Liu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Seng%20Lee"> Kim Seng Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Lu"> Li Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high-energy-density Li-rich layered materials are promising cathode materials for the next-generation high-performance lithium-ion batteries. They have attracted a lot of attentions due mainly to their high reversible capacity of more than 250 mAh•g-1 at low charge-discharge current. However several drawbacks still hinder their applications, such as voltage decay caused by an undesired phase transformation during cycling and poor rate capability. To conquer these issues, the authors applied F modification methods on the pristine Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 to enhance its electrochemical performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-ion%20battery" title="Li-ion battery">Li-ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-rich%20layered%20cathode%20material" title=" Li-rich layered cathode material"> Li-rich layered cathode material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transformation" title=" phase transformation"> phase transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycling%20stability" title=" cycling stability"> cycling stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20capability" title=" rate capability"> rate capability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18628/study-of-li-rich-layered-cathode-materials-for-high-energy-li-ion-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Development and Characterization of Cathode Materials for Sodium-Metal Chloride Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20D%E2%80%99Urso">C. D’Urso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Frusteri"> L. Frusteri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Samperi"> M. Samperi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Leonardi"> G. Leonardi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid metal halides are used as active cathode ingredients in the case of Na-NiCl2 batteries that require a fused secondary electrolyte, sodium tetrachloraluminate (NaAlCl4), to facilitate the movement of the Na+ ion into the cathode. The sodium-nickel chloride (Na - NiCl2) battery has been extensively investigated as a promising system for large-scale energy storage applications. The growth of Ni and NaCl particles in the cathodes is one of the most important factors that degrade the performance of the Na-NiCl2 battery. The larger the particles of active ingredients contained in the cathode, the smaller the active surface available for the electrochemical reaction. Therefore, the growth of Ni and NaCl particles can lead to an increase in cell polarization resulting from the reduced active area. A higher current density, a higher state of charge (SOC) at the end of the charge (EOC) and a lower Ni / NaCl ratio are the main parameters that result in the rapid growth of Ni particles. In light of these problems, cathode and chemistry Nano-materials with recognized and well-documented electrochemical functions have been studied and manufactured to simultaneously improve battery performance and develop less expensive and more performing, sustainable and environmentally friendly materials. Starting from the well-known cathodic material (Na-NiCl2), the new electrolytic materials have been prepared on the replacement of nickel with iron (10-90%substitution of Nichel with Iron), to obtain a new material with potential advantages compared to current battery technologies; for example,, (1) lower cost of cathode material compared to state of the art as well as (2) choices of cheaper materials (stainless steels could be used for cell components, including cathode current collectors and cell housings). The study on the particle size of the cathode and the physicochemical characterization of the cathode was carried out in the test cell using, where possible, the GITT method (galvanostatic technique of intermittent titration). Furthermore, the impact of temperature on the different cathode compositions of the positive electrode was studied. Especially the optimum operating temperature is an important parameter of the active material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20raw%20materials" title="critical raw materials">critical raw materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title=" energy storage"> energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20metal%20halide" title=" sodium metal halide"> sodium metal halide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title=" battery"> battery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163729/development-and-characterization-of-cathode-materials-for-sodium-metal-chloride-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Electrochemistry Analysis of Oxygen Reduction with Microalgal on Microbial Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azri%20Yamina%20Mounia">Azri Yamina Mounia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zitouni%20Dalila"> Zitouni Dalila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziza%20Majda"> Aziza Majda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tou%20Insaf"> Tou Insaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadi%20Meriem"> Sadi Meriem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To confront the fossil fuel crisis and the consequences of global warning, many efforts were devoted to develop alternative electricity generation and attracted numerous researchers, especially in the microbial fuel cell field, because it allows generating electric energy and degrading multiple organics compounds at the same time. However, one of the main constraints on power generation is the slow rate of oxygen reduction at the cathode electrode. This paper describes the potential of algal biomass (Chlorella vulgaris) as photosynthetic cathodes, eliminating the need for a mechanical air supply and the use of often expensive noble metal cathode catalysts, thus improving the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the MFC system. During polarizations, MFC power density using algal biomass was 0.4mW/m², whereas the MFC with mechanic aeration showed a value of 0.2mW/m². Chlorella vulgaris was chosen due to its fastest growing. C. vulgaris grown in BG11 medium in sterilized Erlenmeyer flask. C. vulgaris was used as a bio‐cathode. Anaerobic activated sludge from the plant of Beni‐Messous WWTP(Algiers) was used in an anodic compartment. A dual‐chamber reactor MFC was used as a reactor. The reactor has been fabricated in the laboratory using plastic jars. The cylindrical and rectangular jars were used as the anode and cathode chambers, respectively. The volume of anode and cathode chambers was 0.8 and 2L, respectively. The two chambers were connected with a proton exchange membrane (PEM). The plain graphite plates (5 x 2cm) were used as electrodes for both anode and cathode. The cyclic voltammetry analysis of oxygen reduction revealed that the cathode potential was proportional to the amount of oxygen available in the cathode surface electrode. In the case of algal aeration, the peak reduction value of -2.18A/m² was two times higher than in mechanical aeration -1.85A/m². The electricity production reached 70 mA/m² and was stimulated immediately by the oxygen produced by algae up to the value of 20 mg/L. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20vulgaris" title="Chlorella vulgaris">Chlorella vulgaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20voltammetry" title=" cyclic voltammetry"> cyclic voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20fuel%20cell" title=" microbial fuel cell"> microbial fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20reduction" title=" oxygen reduction"> oxygen reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173029/electrochemistry-analysis-of-oxygen-reduction-with-microalgal-on-microbial-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Bioelectrochemical System: An Alternative Technology for Metal Removal from Industrial Wastewater and Factors Affecting Its Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G.%20More">A. G. More</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bioelectrochemical system (BES) is an alternative technology for chromium Cr (VI) removal from industrial wastewater to overcome the existing drawbacks of high chemical and energy consumption by conventional metal removal technologies. A well developed anaerobic sludge was developed in laboratory and used in the batch study of BES at different Cr (VI) concentrations (10, 20, 50, and 50 mg/L) with different COD concentrations (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L). Sodium acetate was used as carbon source, whereas Cr (VI) contaminated synthetic wastewater was prepared and added to the cathode chamber. Initially, operating conditions for the BES experiments were optimized. During the study, optimum cathode pH of 2, whereas optimum HRT of 72 hr was obtained. During the study, cathode pH 2 ± 0.1 showed maximum chromium removal efficicency (CRE) of 88.36 ± 8.16% as compared to other pH (1-7) in the cathode chamber. Maximum CRE obtained was 85.93 ± 9.62% at 40°C within the temperature range of 25°C to 45°C. Conducting the BES experiments at optimized operating conditions, CRE of 90.2 %, 93.7 %, 83.75 % and 74.6 % were obtained at cathodic Cr concentration of 10, 20, 50, and 50 mg/L, respectively. BES is a sustainable, energy efficient technology which can be suitably used for metal removal from industrial wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioelectrochemical%20system" title="bioelectrochemical system">bioelectrochemical system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20removal" title=" metal removal"> metal removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganisms" title=" microorganisms"> microorganisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20and%20temperature" title=" pH and temperature"> pH and temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate" title=" substrate"> substrate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92141/bioelectrochemical-system-an-alternative-technology-for-metal-removal-from-industrial-wastewater-and-factors-affecting-its-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Optimum Design for Cathode Microstructure of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Riazat">M. Riazat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Abdolvand"> H. Abdolvand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Baniassadi"> M. Baniassadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this present work, 3D reconstruction of cathode of SOFC is developed with various volume fractions and porosity. Three Phase Boundary (TPB) of construction of such derived micro structures is calculated. The neural network is used to optimize the porosity and volume fraction of each phase to reach a structure with maximum TPB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title="fuel cell">fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20oxide" title=" solid oxide"> solid oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TPB" title=" TPB"> TPB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20reconstruction" title=" 3D reconstruction"> 3D reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20479/optimum-design-for-cathode-microstructure-of-solid-oxide-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Electro-Winning of Dilute Solution of Copper Metal from Sepon Mine, Lao PDR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Vasailor">S. Vasailor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Rattanakawin"> C. Rattanakawin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electro-winning of copper metal from dilute sulfate solution (13.7 g/L) was performed in a lab electrolytic cell with stainless-steel cathode and lead-alloy anode. The effects of various parameters including cell voltage, electro-winning temperature and time were studied in order to acquire an appropriate current efficiency of copper deposition. The highest efficiency is about 95% obtaining from electro-winning condition of 3V, 55°C and 3,600 s correspondingly. The cathode copper with 95.5% Cu analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry can be obtained from this single-winning condition. In order to increase the copper grade, solvent extraction should be used to increase the sulfate concentration, say 50 g/L, prior to winning the cathode copper effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20metal" title="copper metal">copper metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20efficiency" title=" current efficiency"> current efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dilute%20sulfate%20solution" title=" dilute sulfate solution"> dilute sulfate solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-winning" title=" electro-winning"> electro-winning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109027/electro-winning-of-dilute-solution-of-copper-metal-from-sepon-mine-lao-pdr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Dependence of Ionomer Loading on the Hydrogen Generation Rate of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingjeng%20James%20Li">Yingjeng James Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih%20Chi%20Hsu"> Chih Chi Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiao-Chih%20Hu"> Chiao-Chih Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane electrode assemblies MEAs for proton exchange membrane PEM water electrolyzers were prepared by employing 175um perfluorosulfonic acid PFSA membranes as the PEM, onto which iridium oxide catalyst was coated on one side as the anode and platinum catalyst was coated on the other side as the cathode. The cathode catalyst ink was prepared so that the weight ratio of the catalyst powder to ionomer was 75:25, 70:30, 65:35, 60:40, and 55:45, respectively. Whereas, the ratio of catalyst powder to ionomer of the anode catalyst ink keeps constant at 50:50. All the MEAs have a catalyst coated area of 5cm*5cm. The test cell employs a platinum plated titanium grid as anode gas diffusion media; whereas, carbon paper was employed as the cathode gas diffusion media. The measurements of the MEA gases production rate were carried out by holding the cell voltage ranging from 1.6 to 2.8 volts at room temperature. It was found that the MEA with cathode catalyst to ionomer ratio of 65:35 gives the largest hydrogen production rate which is 2.8mL/cm2*min. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolyzer" title="electrolyzer">electrolyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20electrode%20assembly" title=" membrane electrode assembly"> membrane electrode assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane" title=" proton exchange membrane"> proton exchange membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionomer" title=" ionomer"> ionomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72426/dependence-of-ionomer-loading-on-the-hydrogen-generation-rate-of-a-proton-exchange-membrane-electrolyzer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Effect of Li-excess on Electrochemical Performance of Ni-rich LiNi₀.₉Co₀.₀₉Mn₀.₀₉O₂ Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyob%20Belew%20Abebe">Eyob Belew Abebe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials having a Ni content of ≥ 90% have great potential for use in next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to their high energy densities and relatively low cost. They suffer, however, from poor cycling performance and rate capability, significantly hampering their widespread applicability. In this study we synthesized a Ni-rich precursor through a co-precipitation method and added different amounts of Li-excess on the precursors using a solid-state method to obtain sintered Li1+x(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05)1–xO2 (denoted as L1+x-NCM; x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) transition metal (TM) oxide cathode materials. The L1+x-NCM cathode having a Li-excess of 4% exhibited a discharge capacity of ca. 216.17 mAh g–1 at 2.7–4.3 V, 0.1C and retained 95.7% of its initial discharge capacity (ca. 181.39 mAh g–1) after 100 cycles of 1C charge/discharge which is the best performance as compared with stoichiometric Li1+x(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05)1-xO2 (i.e. x=0, Li:TM = 1:1). Furthermore, a high-rate capability of ca. 162.92 mAh g–1 at a rate of 10C, led to the 4% Li-excess optimizing the electrochemical performance, relative to the other Li-excess samples. Ex/in-situ X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the 4% Li-excess in the Ni-rich NCM90 cathode material: (i). decreased the Li+/Ni2+ disorder by increasing the content of Ni3+ in the TM slab, (ii). increased the crystallinity, and (iii). accelerated Li+ ion transport by widening the Li-slab. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry confirmed that the appropriate Li-excess lowered the electrochemical impedance and improved the reversibility of the electrochemical reaction. Therefore, our results revealed that NCM90 cathode materials featuring an optimal Li-excess are potential candidates for use in next-generation Li-ion batteries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LiNi%E2%82%80.%E2%82%89Co%E2%82%80.%E2%82%80%E2%82%89Mn%E2%82%80.%E2%82%80%E2%82%89O%E2%82%82" title="LiNi₀.₉Co₀.₀₉Mn₀.₀₉O₂">LiNi₀.₉Co₀.₀₉Mn₀.₀₉O₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=li-excess" title=" li-excess"> li-excess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cation%20mixing" title=" cation mixing"> cation mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20change" title=" structure change"> structure change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycle%20stability" title=" cycle stability"> cycle stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20properties" title=" electrochemical properties"> electrochemical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151888/effect-of-li-excess-on-electrochemical-performance-of-ni-rich-lini09co009mn009o2-cathode-materials-for-li-ion-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Air Conditioning Variation of 1kW Open-Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Syahirin%20Aisha">Mohammad Syahirin Aisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairul%20Imran%20Sainan"> Khairul Imran Sainan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The PEM fuel cell is a device that generate electric by electrochemical reaction between hydrogen fuel and oxygen in the fuel cell stack. PEM fuel cell consists of an anode (hydrogen supply), a cathode (oxygen supply) and an electrolyte that allow charges move between the two positions of the fuel cell. The only product being developed after the reaction is water (H2O) and heat as the waste which does not emit greenhouse gasses. The performance of fuel cell affected by numerous parameters. This study is restricted to cathode parameters that affect fuel cell performance. At the anode side, the reactant is not going through any changes. Experiments with variation in air velocity (3m/s, 6m/s and 9m/s), temperature (10oC, 20oC, 35oC) and relative humidity (50%, 60%, and 70%) have been carried out. The experiments results are presented in the form of fuel cell stack power output over time, which demonstrate the impacts of the various air condition on the execution of the PEM fuel cell. In this study, the experimental analysis shows that with variation of air conditions, it gives different fuel cell performance behavior. The maximum power output of the experiment was measured at an ambient temperature of 25oC with relative humidity and 9m/s velocity of air. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air-breathing%20PEM%20fuel%20cell" title="air-breathing PEM fuel cell">air-breathing PEM fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20side" title=" cathode side"> cathode side</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20in%20air%20condition" title=" variation in air condition"> variation in air condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24926/air-conditioning-variation-of-1kw-open-cathode-proton-exchange-membrane-pem-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Molecular Dynamics Studies of Main Factors Affecting Mass Transport Phenomena on Cathode of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingjing%20Huang">Jingjing Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nengwei%20Li"> Nengwei Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanghua%20Wei"> Guanghua Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiabin%20You"> Jiabin You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Wang"> Chao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junliang%20Zhang"> Junliang Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is applied to analyze the mass transport process in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), of which all types of molecules situated in the cathode is considered. a reasonable and effective MD simulation process is provided, and models were built and compared using both Materials Studio and LAMMPS. The mass transport is one of the key issues in the study of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this report, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is applied to analyze the influence of Nafion ionomer distribution and Pt nano-particle size on mass transport process in the cathode. It is indicated by the diffusion coefficients calculation that a larger quantity of Nafion, as well as a higher equivalent weight (EW) value, will hinder the transport of oxygen. In addition, medium-sized Pt nano-particles (1.5~2nm) are more advantageous in terms of proton transport compared with other particle sizes (0.94~2.55nm) when the center-to-center distance between two Pt nano-particles is around 5 nm. Then mass transport channels are found to be formed between the hydrophobic backbone and the hydrophilic side chains of Nafion ionomer according to the radial distribution function (RDF) curves. And the morphology of these channels affected by the Pt size is believed to influence the transport of hydronium ions and, consequently the performance of PEMFC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20catalytic%20layer" title="cathode catalytic layer">cathode catalytic layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transport" title=" mass transport"> mass transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title=" molecular dynamics"> molecular dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cell" title=" proton exchange membrane fuel cell"> proton exchange membrane fuel cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160053/molecular-dynamics-studies-of-main-factors-affecting-mass-transport-phenomena-on-cathode-of-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Phosphorus Recovery Optimization in Microbial Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Almatouq">Abdullah Almatouq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the impact of key operational variables on concurrent energy generation and phosphorus recovery in microbial fuel cell is required to improve the process and reduce the operational cost. In this study, full factorial design (FFD) and central composite designs (CCD) were employed to identify the effect of influent COD concentration and cathode aeration flow rate on energy generation and phosphorus (P) recovery and to optimise MFC power density and P recovery. Results showed that influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and cathode aeration flow rate had a significant effect on power density, coulombic efficiency, phosphorus precipitation efficiency and phosphorus precipitation rate at the cathode. P precipitation was negatively affected by the generated current during the batch duration. The generated energy was reduced due to struvite being precipitated on the cathode surface, which might obstruct the mass transfer of ions and oxygen. Response surface mathematical model was used to predict the optimum operating conditions that resulted in a maximum power density and phosphorus precipitation efficiency of 184 mW/m² and 84%, and this corresponds to COD= 1700 mg/L and aeration flow rate=210 mL/min. The findings highlight the importance of the operational conditions of energy generation and phosphorus recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title="energy">energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20fuel%20cell" title=" microbial fuel cell"> microbial fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphorus" title=" phosphorus"> phosphorus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=struvite" title=" struvite"> struvite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82315/phosphorus-recovery-optimization-in-microbial-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Development of a Cathode-Type Ca1-xSrxMnO3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Guemache">A. Guemache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Omari"> M. Omari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oxides with formula Ca1-xSrx MnO3 (0≤x≤0.2) were synthesized using co-precipitation method. The identification of the obtained phase was carried out using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Thermogravimetric and differential analysis was permitted to characterize different transformations of precursors which take place during one heating cycle. The study of electrochemical behavior was carried out by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The obtained results show that apparent catalytic activity improved when increasing the concentration of strontium. Anodic current densities varies from 1.3 to 5.9 mA/cm2 at the rate scan of 20 mV.s-1 and a potential 0.8 V for oxides with composition x=0 to 0.2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxide" title="oxide">oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-precipitation" title=" co-precipitation"> co-precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20properties" title=" electrochemical properties"> electrochemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode-type" title=" cathode-type"> cathode-type</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14852/development-of-a-cathode-type-ca1-xsrxmno3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> LTE Modelling of a DC Arc Ignition on Cold Electrodes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Ojeda%20Mena">O. Ojeda Mena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Cressault"> Y. Cressault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Teulet"> P. Teulet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Gonnet"> J. P. Gonnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20F.%20N.%20Santos"> D. F. N. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MD.%20Cunha"> MD. Cunha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Benilov"> M. S. Benilov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The assumption of plasma in local thermal equilibrium (LTE) is commonly used to perform electric arc simulations for industrial applications. This assumption allows to model the arc using a set of magneto-hydromagnetic equations that can be solved with a computational fluid dynamic code. However, the LTE description is only valid in the arc column, whereas in the regions close to the electrodes the plasma deviates from the LTE state. The importance of these near-electrode regions is non-trivial since they define the energy and current transfer between the arc and the electrodes. Therefore, any accurate modelling of the arc must include a good description of the arc-electrode phenomena. Due to the modelling complexity and computational cost of solving the near-electrode layers, a simplified description of the arc-electrode interaction was developed in a previous work to study a steady high-pressure arc discharge, where the near-electrode regions are introduced at the interface between arc and electrode as boundary conditions. The present work proposes a similar approach to simulate the arc ignition in a free-burning arc configuration following an LTE description of the plasma. To obtain the transient evolution of the arc characteristics, appropriate boundary conditions for both the near-cathode and the near-anode regions are used based on recent publications. The arc-cathode interaction is modeled using a non-linear surface heating approach considering the secondary electron emission. On the other hand, the interaction between the arc and the anode is taken into account by means of the heating voltage approach. From the numerical modelling, three main stages can be identified during the arc ignition. Initially, a glow discharge is observed, where the cold non-thermionic cathode is uniformly heated at its surface and the near-cathode voltage drop is in the order of a few hundred volts. Next, a spot with high temperature is formed at the cathode tip followed by a sudden decrease of the near-cathode voltage drop, marking the glow-to-arc discharge transition. During this stage, the LTE plasma also presents an important increase of the temperature in the region adjacent to the hot spot. Finally, the near-cathode voltage drop stabilizes at a few volts and both the electrode and plasma temperatures reach the steady solution. The results after some seconds are similar to those presented for thermionic cathodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arc-electrode%20interaction" title="arc-electrode interaction">arc-electrode interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20plasmas" title=" thermal plasmas"> thermal plasmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20arc%20simulation" title=" electric arc simulation"> electric arc simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20electrodes" title=" cold electrodes"> cold electrodes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156601/lte-modelling-of-a-dc-arc-ignition-on-cold-electrodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Photo-Electrochemical/Electro-Fenton Coupling Oxidation System with Fe/Co-Based Anode and Cathode Metal-Organic Frameworks Derivative Materials for Sulfamethoxazole Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Chen">Xin Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinyong%20Li"> Xinyong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qidong%20Zhao"> Qidong Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Wang"> Dong Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new coupling system was constructed by combining photo-electrochemical cell with electro-fenton cell (PEC-EF). The electrode material in this system was derived from MnyFe₁₋yCo Prussian-Blue-Analog (PBA). Mn₀.₄Fe₀.₆Co₀.₆₇-N@C spin-coated on carbon paper behaved as the gas diffusion cathode and Mn₀.₄Fe₀.₆Co₀.₆₇O₂.₂ spin-coated on fluorine-tin oxide glass (FTO) as anode. The two separated cells could degrade Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) simultaneously and some coupling mechanisms by PEC and EF enhancing the degradation efficiency were investigated. The continuous on-site generation of H₂O₂ at cathode through an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was realized over rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE). The electron transfer number (n) of the ORR with Mn₀.₄Fe₀.₆Co₀.₆₇-N@C was 2.5 in the selected potential and pH range. The photo-electrochemical properties of Mn₀.₄Fe₀.₆Co₀.₆₇O₂.₂ were systematically studied, which displayed good response towards visible light. The photoinduced electrons at anode can transfer to cathode for further use. Efficient photo-electro-catalytic performance was observed in degrading SMX. Almost 100% SMX removal was achieved in 120 min. This work not only provided a highly effective technique for antibiotic treatment but also revealed the synergic effect between PEC and EF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-fenton" title="electro-fenton">electro-fenton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-electrochemical" title=" photo-electrochemical"> photo-electrochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergic%20effect" title=" synergic effect"> synergic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfamethoxazole" title=" sulfamethoxazole"> sulfamethoxazole</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83517/photo-electrochemicalelectro-fenton-coupling-oxidation-system-with-feco-based-anode-and-cathode-metal-organic-frameworks-derivative-materials-for-sulfamethoxazole-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Nanostructured Pt/MnO2 Catalysts and Their Performance for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Air Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maksudur%20Rahman%20Khan">Maksudur Rahman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kar%20Min%20Chan"> Kar Min Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huei%20Ruey%20Ong"> Huei Ruey Ong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin%20Kui%20Cheng"> Chin Kui Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasikur%20Rahman"> Wasikur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising technology for simultaneous bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment. Catalysts are significant portions of the cost of microbial fuel cell cathodes. Many materials have been tested as aqueous cathodes, but air-cathodes are needed to avoid energy demands for water aeration. The sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) rate at air cathode necessitates efficient electrocatalyst such as carbon supported platinum catalyst (Pt/C) which is very costly. Manganese oxide (MnO2) was a representative metal oxide which has been studied as a promising alternative electrocatalyst for ORR and has been tested in air-cathode MFCs. However, the single MnO2 has poor electric conductivity and low stability. In the present work, the MnO2 catalyst has been modified by doping Pt nanoparticle. The goal of the work was to improve the performance of the MFC with minimum Pt loading. MnO2 and Pt nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal and sol-gel methods, respectively. Wet impregnation method was used to synthesize Pt/MnO2 catalyst. The catalysts were further used as cathode catalysts in air-cathode cubic MFCs, in which anaerobic sludge was inoculated as biocatalysts and palm oil mill effluent (POME) was used as the substrate in the anode chamber. The as-prepared Pt/MnO2 was characterized comprehensively through field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) where its surface morphology, crystallinity, oxidation state and electrochemical activity were examined, respectively. XPS revealed Mn (IV) oxidation state and Pt (0) nanoparticle metal, indicating the presence of MnO2 and Pt. Morphology of Pt/MnO2 observed from FESEM shows that the doping of Pt did not cause change in needle-like shape of MnO2 which provides large contacting surface area. The electrochemical active area of the Pt/MnO2 catalysts has been increased from 276 to 617 m2/g with the increase in Pt loading from 0.2 to 0.8 wt%. The CV results in O2 saturated neutral Na2SO4 solution showed that MnO2 and Pt/MnO2 catalysts could catalyze ORR with different catalytic activities. MFC with Pt/MnO2 (0.4 wt% Pt) as air cathode catalyst generates a maximum power density of 165 mW/m3, which is higher than that of MFC with MnO2 catalyst (95 mW/m3). The open circuit voltage (OCV) of the MFC operated with MnO2 cathode gradually decreased during 14 days of operation, whereas the MFC with Pt/MnO2 cathode remained almost constant throughout the operation suggesting the higher stability of the Pt/MnO2 catalyst. Therefore, Pt/MnO2 with 0.4 wt% Pt successfully demonstrated as an efficient and low cost electrocatalyst for ORR in air cathode MFC with higher electrochemical activity, stability and hence enhanced performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20fuel%20cell" title="microbial fuel cell">microbial fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20reduction%20reaction" title=" oxygen reduction reaction"> oxygen reduction reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pt%2FMnO2" title=" Pt/MnO2"> Pt/MnO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent" title=" palm oil mill effluent"> palm oil mill effluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20curve" title=" polarization curve"> polarization curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19318/nanostructured-ptmno2-catalysts-and-their-performance-for-oxygen-reduction-reaction-in-air-cathode-microbial-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Electrospun NaMnPO₄/CNF as High-Performance Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Concetta%20Busacca">Concetta Busacca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leone%20Frusteri"> Leone Frusteri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orazio%20Di%20Blasi"> Orazio Di Blasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandra%20Di%20Blasi"> Alessandra Di Blasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The large-scale extension of renewable energy led, recently, to the development of efficient and low-cost electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems such as batteries. Although lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is relatively mature, several issues regarding safety, cyclability, and high costs must be overcome. Thanks to the availability and low cost of sodium, sodium-ion batteries (NIB) have the potential to meet the energy storage needs of the large-scale grid, becoming a valid alternative to LIB in some energy sectors, such as the stationary one. However, important challenges such as low specific energy and short cyclic life due to the large radius of Na+ must be faced to introduce this technology into the market. As an important component of SIBs, cathode materials have a significant effect on the electrochemical performance of SIBs. Recently, sodium layer transition metal oxides, phosphates, and organic compounds have been investigated as cathode materials for SIBs. In particular, phosphate-based compounds such as NaₓMPO₄ (M= Fe, Co, Mn) have been extensively studied as cathodic polyanion materials due to their long cycle stability and appropriate operating voltage. Among these, an interesting cathode material is the NaMnPO₄ based one, thanks to the stability and the high redox potential of the Mn²⁺/Mn³⁺ ion pair (3÷4 V vs. Na+/Na), which allows reaching a high energy density. This work concerns with the synthesis of a composite material based on NaMnPO₄ and carbon nanofibers (NaMnPO₄-CNF) characterized by a mixed crystalline structure between the maricite and olivine phases and a self-standing manufacture obtained by electrospinning technique. The material was tested in a Na-ion battery coin cell in half cell configuration, and showed outstanding electrocatalytic performances with a specific discharge capacity of 125 mAhg⁻¹ and 101 mAhg⁻¹ at 0.3C and 0.6C, respectively, and a retention capacity of about 80% a 0.6C after 100 cycles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20standing%20materials" title=" self standing materials"> self standing materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20ion%20battery" title=" Na ion battery"> Na ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20materials" title=" cathode materials"> cathode materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174045/electrospun-namnpo4cnf-as-high-performance-cathode-material-for-sodium-ion-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Microstructural and Electrochemical Investigation of Carbon Coated Nanograined LiFePO4 as Cathode Material for Li-Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rinlee%20Butch%20M.%20Cervera">Rinlee Butch M. Cervera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Princess%20Stephanie%20P.%20Llanos"> Princess Stephanie P. Llanos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>) is a potential cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its promising characteristics. In this study, pure LiFePO<sub>4 </sub>(LFP) and carbon-coated nanograined LiFePO<sub>4 </sub>(LFP-C) is synthesized and characterized for its microstructural properties. X-ray diffraction patterns of the synthesized samples can be indexed to an orthorhombic LFP structure with about 63 nm crystallite size as calculated by using Scherrer’s equation. Agglomerated particles that range from 200 nm to 300 nm are observed from scanning electron microscopy images. Transmission electron microscopy images confirm the crystalline structure of LFP and coating of amorphous carbon layer. Elemental mapping using energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed the homogeneous dispersion of the compositional elements. In addition, galvanostatic charge and discharge measurements were investigated for the cathode performance of the synthesized LFP and LFP-C samples. The results showed that the carbon-coated sample demonstrated the highest capacity of about 140 mAhg<sup>-1</sup> as compared to non-coated and micrograined sized commercial LFP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramics" title="ceramics">ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title=" energy storage"> energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20measurements" title=" electrochemical measurements"> electrochemical measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20electron%20microscope" title=" transmission electron microscope"> transmission electron microscope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60669/microstructural-and-electrochemical-investigation-of-carbon-coated-nanograined-lifepo4-as-cathode-material-for-li-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> A Creative Strategy to Functionalize TiN/CNC Composites as Cathode for High-Energy Zinc Ion Capacitors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ye%20Ling">Ye Ling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20Yuting"> Jiang Yuting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruan%20Haihui"> Ruan Haihui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc ion capacitors (ZICs) have garnered tremendous interest recently from researchers due to the perfect integration of batteries and supercapacitors (SC). However, ZICs are currently still facing two major challenges, one is low specific capacitance because of the limited capacity of capacitive cathode materials. In this work, TiN/CNC composites were obtained by a creative method composed of simple mixing and calcination treatment of tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) and ZIF-8. The formed TiN particles are of ultra-small size and distributed uniformly on the nanoporous carbon matrix, which enhances the conductivity of the composites and the micropores caused by the evaporation of zinc during the calcination process and can serve as the reservoir of electrolytes; both are beneficial to zinc ion storage. When it was used as a cathode with zinc metal and 2M ZnSO₄ as the anode and electrolyte, respectively, in a ZIC device, the assembled device delivered a maximum energy density as high as 153 Wh kg-¹ at a power density of 269.4 W kg-¹, which is superior to many ZICs as reported. Also, it can maintain an energy density of 83.7 Wh kg-¹ at a peak power density of 8.6 kW kg-¹, exhibiting good rate performance. Moreover, when it was charged/discharged for 5000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g-¹, it remained at 85.8% of the initial capacity with a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of nearly 100%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20ion%20capacitor" title="zinc ion capacitor">zinc ion capacitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20nitride" title=" metal nitride"> metal nitride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zif-8" title=" zif-8"> zif-8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercapacitor" title=" supercapacitor"> supercapacitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186407/a-creative-strategy-to-functionalize-tincnc-composites-as-cathode-for-high-energy-zinc-ion-capacitors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> The “Buffer Layer” An Improved Electrode-Electrolyte Interface For Solid-State Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gregory%20Schmidt">Gregory Schmidt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid-state lithium batteries are broadly accepted as promising candidates for application in the next generation of EVs as they should offer safer and higher-energy-density batteries. Nonetheless, their development is impeded by many challenges, including the resistive electrode–electrolyte interface originating from the removal of the liquid electrolyte that normally permeates through the porous cathode and ensures efficient ionic conductivity through the cell. One way to tackle this challenge is by formulating composite cathodes containing solid ionic conductors in their structure, but this approach will require the conductors to exhibit chemical stability, electrochemical stability, flexibility, and adhesion and is, therefore, limited to some materials. Recently, Arkema developed a technology called buffering layer which allows the transformation of any conventional porous electrode into a catholyte. This organic layer has a very high ionic conductivity at room temperature, is compatible with all active materials, and can be processed with conventional Gigafactory equipment. Moreover, this layer helps protect the solid ionic conductor from the cathode and anode materials. During this presentation, the manufacture and the electrochemical performance of this layer for different systems of cathode and anode will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemistry" title="electrochemistry">electrochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all%20solid%20state%20battery" title=" all solid state battery"> all solid state battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials" title=" materials"> materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface" title=" interface"> interface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163917/the-buffer-layer-an-improved-electrode-electrolyte-interface-for-solid-state-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Electrode Performance of Carbon Coated Nanograined LiFePO4 in Lithium Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Princess%20Stephanie%20P.%20Llanos">Princess Stephanie P. Llanos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rinlee%20Butch%20M.%20Cervera"> Rinlee Butch M. Cervera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is a potential cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its promising characteristics. In this study, carbon-coated nanograined LiFePO4 is synthesized via wet chemistry method at a low temperature of 400 °C and investigated its performance as a cathode in Lithium battery. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized samples can be indexed to an orthorhombic LiFePO4 structure. Agglomerated particles that range from 200 nm to 300 nm are observed from scanning electron microscopy images. Transmission electron microscopy images confirm the crystalline structure of LiFePO4 and coating of amorphous carbon layer. Elemental mapping using Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed the homogeneous dispersion of Fe, P, O, and C elements. On the other hand, the electrochemical performances of the synthesized cathodes were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge tests with different C-rates, and cycling performances. Galvanostatic charge and discharge measurements revealed that the sample sintered at 400 °C for 3 hours with carbon coating demonstrated the highest capacity among the samples which reaches up to 160 mAhg⁻¹ at 0.1C rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode" title="cathode">cathode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge-discharge" title=" charge-discharge"> charge-discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical" title=" electrochemical"> electrochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium%20batteries" title=" lithium batteries"> lithium batteries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50155/electrode-performance-of-carbon-coated-nanograined-lifepo4-in-lithium-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">176</span> Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured FeN Electrocatalyst for Air Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Maksudur%20Rahman%20Khan">Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chee%20Wai%20Woon"> Chee Wai Woon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huei%20Ruey%20Ong"> Huei Ruey Ong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vignes%20Rasiah"> Vignes Rasiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin%20Kui%20Cheng"> Chin Kui Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kar%20Min%20Chan"> Kar Min Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Baranitharan"> E. Baranitharan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work represents a preparation of non-precious iron-based electrocatalyst (FeN) for ORR in air-cathode microbial fuel cell by pyrolysis treatment. Iron oxalate which recovered from the industrial wastewater and Phenanthroline (Phen) were used as the iron and nitrogen precursors, respectively in preparing FeN catalyst. The performance of as prepared catalyst (FeN) was investigated in a single chambered air cathode MFC in which anaerobic sludge was used as inoculum and palm oil mill effluent as substrate. The maximum open circuit potential (OCV) and the highest power density recorded were 0.543 V and 4.9 mW/m2, respectively. Physical characterization of FeN was elucidated by using Brunauner Emmett Teller (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) while the electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The presence of biofilm on anode surface was examined using FESEM and confirmed using Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The findings of this study demonstrated that FeN is electrochemically active and further modification is needed to increase the ORR catalytic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20based%20catalyst" title="iron based catalyst">iron based catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20fuel%20cells" title=" microbial fuel cells"> microbial fuel cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20reduction%20reaction" title=" oxygen reduction reaction"> oxygen reduction reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent" title=" palm oil mill effluent"> palm oil mill effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43519/preparation-and-characterization-of-nanostructured-fen-electrocatalyst-for-air-cathode-microbial-fuel-cell-mfc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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