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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="لفظ هجين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لفظ هجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger_hibrid" title="Ger hibrid – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ger hibrid" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gair_hybrid" title="Gair hybrid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gair hybrid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridord" title="Hybridord – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hybridord" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridbildung#Hybridbildung_in_der_Wortbildung" title="Hybridbildung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hybridbildung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCbriids%C3%B5na" title="Hübriidsõna – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hübriidsõna" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibrida_vorto" title="Hibrida vorto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hibrida vorto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A8" title="اسم مشتق‌مرکب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسم مشتق‌مرکب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADbrido_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Híbrido (lingüística) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Híbrido (lingüística)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%BC%EC%A2%85%EC%96%B4" title="혼종어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="혼종어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E7%A8%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="混種語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="混種語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridord" title="Hybridord – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hybridord" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybryda_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Hybryda (językoznawstwo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hybryda (językoznawstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гибридное слово – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гибридное слово" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridisana" title="Hybridisana – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hybridisana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridord" title="Hybridord – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hybridord" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="இருபிறப்பி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இருபிறப்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma_s%C3%B6zc%C3%BCk" title="Karma sözcük – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karma sözcük" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гібридне слово – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гібридне слово" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E7%A7%8D%E8%AF%8D" title="混种词 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="混种词" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1377255#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hybrid_word" title="Special:EditPage/Hybrid word">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hybrid_word" title="Talk:Hybrid word">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Hybrid_word##" title="Talk:Hybrid word">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_word&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hybrid+word%22">"Hybrid word"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hybrid+word%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hybrid+word%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hybrid+word%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hybrid+word%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hybrid+word%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_word&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>A <b>hybrid word</b> or <b>hybridism</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Word_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Word (linguistics)">word</a> that <a href="/wiki/Etymologically" class="mw-redirect" title="Etymologically">etymologically</a> derives from at least two languages. Such words are a type of <a href="/wiki/Macaronic_language" title="Macaronic language">macaronic language</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_hybrids">Common hybrids</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_word&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Common hybrids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common form of hybrid word in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> combines <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> parts. Since many <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefixes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffixes</a> in English are of Latin or Greek <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a>, it is straightforward to add a prefix or suffix from one language to an English word that comes from a different language, thus creating a hybrid word<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>Hybridisms were formerly often considered to be <a href="/wiki/Barbarism_(linguistics)" title="Barbarism (linguistics)">barbarisms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McArthur_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McArthur-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_examples">English examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_word&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: English examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">Antacid</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9-#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἀντι-">ἀντι-</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">anti-</i></span>) 'against' and Latin <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acidus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:acidus">acidus</a> 'acid'; this term dates back to 1732.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aquaphobia" title="Aquaphobia">Aquaphobia</a></b> – from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aqua#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:aqua">aqua</a></i></span> 'water' and Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:φοβία">φοβία</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">phobia</i></span>) 'fear'; this term is distinguished from the non-hybrid word <i><b><a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">hydrophobia</a></b></i>, a historical term for <a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a> and one of its main symptoms.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexual</a></b> – from Greek <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefix</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Alpha_privative" title="Alpha privative">a-</a></i></span> 'without' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sexus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:sexus">sexus</a></i></span> '<a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a>'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">Automobile</a></b> – a wheeled passenger vehicle, from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%E1%BD%90%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:αὐτός">αὐτός</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">autos</i></span>) 'self' and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mobilis#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:mobilis">mobilis</a></i></span> 'moveable'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beatnik" title="Beatnik">Beatnik</a></b> – a 1950s <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a> movement centered on jazz music, coffeehouses, marijuana, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">a literary movement</a>, from English 'beat' and Russian <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/-nik" title="-nik">-nik</a></i></span> 'one who does'. The term was coined in 1958 by San Francisco newspaper columnist <a href="/wiki/Herb_Caen" title="Herb Caen">Herb Caen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Biathlon" title="Biathlon">Biathlon</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bis#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:bis">bis</a></i></span> 'twice' and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%86%CE%B8%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἆθλον">ἆθλον</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">athlon</i></span>) 'contest'; the non-hybrid word is <i><b>diathlon</b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bigamy" title="Bigamy">Bigamy</a></b> – from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">bis</i></span> 'twice' and Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:γάμος">γάμος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">gamos</i></span>) 'wedlock'; this term dates back to the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bigram" title="Bigram">Bigram</a></b> – from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">bis</i></span> 'twice' and Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:γράμμα">γράμμα</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">gramma</i></span>); the non-hybrid word is <i><b>digram</b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bioluminescence" title="Bioluminescence">Bioluminescence</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:βίος">βίος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">bios</i></span>) 'life' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lumen#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:lumen">lumen</a></i></span> 'light'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Campanology" title="Campanology">Campanology</a></b> – from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">campana</i></span> 'bell' and Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">-λογία</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">-logia</i></span>) 'the study of'<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiral">Chiral</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%81#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:χείρ">χείρ</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kheir</i></span>) 'hand' and Latin adjectival suffix <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%C4%81lis#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ālis">-ālis</a></i></span>. The term was coined in 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">Chloroform</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%87%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:χλωρός">χλωρός</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">khlōros</i></span>) 'pale green' (indicating <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> here) and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/formica#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:formica">formica</a></i></span> 'ant' (indicating <a href="/wiki/Formic_acid" title="Formic acid">formic acid</a> here). The term first appeared in 1830s.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Claustrophobia" title="Claustrophobia">Claustrophobia</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/claustrum#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:claustrum">claustrum</a></i></span> 'confined space' and Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%86%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:φόβος">φόβος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">phobos</i></span>) 'fear'. This term was coined in 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">Cryptocurrency</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%85%CF%80%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:κρυπτός">κρυπτός</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">cryptos</i></span>) 'hidden' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/currens" class="extiw" title="wikt:currens">currens</a></i></span> 'traversing'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%E1%BF%86%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:δῆμος">δῆμος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">dēmos</i></span>) 'people' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-cida#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:-cida">-cida</a></i></span> '-killer'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valence_(chemistry)" title="Valence (chemistry)">Divalent</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BF#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:δύο">δύο</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">duo</i></span>) 'two' and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/valens#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:valens">valens</a></i></span> 'strong'; the non-hybrid word is <i><b>bivalent</b></i></li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dysfunction" class="extiw" title="wikt:dysfunction">Dysfunction</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δυσ-</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">dys-</i></span>) 'bad' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/functio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:functio">functio</a></i></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eigenvalue" class="mw-redirect" title="Eigenvalue">Eigenvalue</a></b>– from <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i> eigen</i> 'own' and English of French origin 'value'.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Electric_shock" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric shock">Electrocution</a></b> – a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of <i>electricity</i>, from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%A4%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἤλεκτρον">ἤλεκτρον</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">ēlektron</i></span>), 'amber', and <i>execution</i>, from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exsequor#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:exsequor">exsequi</a></i></span>, 'follow out'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eusociality" title="Eusociality">Eusociality</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B5%E1%BD%96#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:εὖ">εὖ</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">eu</i></span>) 'good' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/socialitas#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:socialitas">socialitas</a></i></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></b> – From the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:γένος">γένος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">genos</i></span>) 'race, people' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">cīdere</i></span> 'to kill'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Geostationary" class="mw-redirect" title="Geostationary">Geostationary</a></b> – From Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%E1%BF%86#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:γῆ">γῆ</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">gē</i></span>) 'Earth' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">stationarius</i></span>, from <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/statio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:statio">statio</a></i></span>, from <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sto#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:sto">stare</a></i></span> 'to stand'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormative</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%95%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἕτερος">ἕτερος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">heteros</i></span>) 'different' or 'other' and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/norma#Latin" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:norma">nōrma</a></i></span> (via French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/norme#Etymology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:norme">norme</a></i></span>) 'norm'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Heterosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterosexual">Heterosexual</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%95%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἕτερος">ἕτερος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">heteros</i></span>) 'different' or 'other' and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sexus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:sexus">sexus</a></i></span> '<a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a>'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">Hexadecimal</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%95%CE%BE#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἕξ">ἕξ</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hex</i></span>), 'six', and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decimus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:decimus">decimus</a></i></span> 'tenth'; the non-hybrid word is <i><b>sedecimal</b></i>, from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sedecimalis#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:sedecimalis">sedecimalis</a></i></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valence_(chemistry)" title="Valence (chemistry)">Hexavalent</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%95%CE%BE#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἕξ">ἕξ</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hex</i></span>), 'six', and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/valens#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:valens">valens</a></i></span>, 'strong'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">Homosexual</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%81%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ὁμός">ὁμός</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">homos</i></span>) 'same' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sexus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:sexus">sexus</a></i></span> '<a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a>' (This example is remarked on in <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_Love" title="The Invention of Love">The Invention of Love</a></i>, with <a href="/wiki/A._E._Housman" title="A. E. Housman">A. E. Housman</a>'s character saying "Homosexuals? Who is responsible for this barbarity?... It's half Greek and half Latin!".)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hyperactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperactivity">Hyperactive</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%91%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ὑπέρ">ὑπέρ</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hyper</i></span>) 'over' and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/activus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:activus">activus</a></i></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hypercomplex_number" title="Hypercomplex number">Hypercomplex</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὑπέρ</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hyper</i></span>) 'over' and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/complexus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:complexus">complexus</a></i></span> 'an embrace'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hypercorrection" title="Hypercorrection">Hypercorrection</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὑπέρ</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hyper</i></span>) 'over' and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/correctio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:correctio">correctio</a></i></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hyperextension" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperextension">Hyperextension</a></b> – from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὑπέρ</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hyper</i></span>) 'over' and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extensio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:extensio">extensio</a></i></span> 'stretching out'; the non-hybrid word is <i><b>superextension</b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">Hypervisor</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὑπέρ</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hyper</i></span>) 'over' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">visor</i></span> 'seer'. This word is distinguished from the non-hybrid word <i><b><a href="/wiki/Supervisory_program" title="Supervisory program">supervisor</a></b></i>, which is software that manages multiple user programs; a hypervisor is software that manages multiple <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liposuction" title="Liposuction">Liposuction</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:λίπος">λίπος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">lipos</i></span>) 'fat' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suctio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:suctio">suctio</a></i></span> 'sucking'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Macroinstruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroinstruction">Macroinstruction</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:μακρος">μακρος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">makros</i></span>) 'long' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/instructio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:instructio">instructio</a></i></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">Mattergy</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/materia#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:materia">materia</a></i></span> ('material') and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%90%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἐνέργεια">ἐνέργεια</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">energeia</i></span>) 'energy': a "word for interchangeable matter and energy"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">Adjectival</a> form: "matergetic".</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mega-annum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega-annum">Mega-annum</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:μέγας">μέγας</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">megas</i></span>) 'large', and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/annum" class="extiw" title="wikt:annum">annum</a></i></span> 'year'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></b> – From the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meritus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:meritus">meritus</a></i></span> 'deserved' and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:-κρατία">-κρατία</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">-kratia</i></span>) 'government'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:μετά">μετά</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">meta</i></span>) and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/datus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:datus">data</a></i></span> 'given' from <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/do#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:do">dare</a></i></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Microinstruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Microinstruction">Microinstruction</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:μικρός">μικρός</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mikros</i></span>) 'small' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/instructio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:instructio">instructio</a></i></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Microvitum" class="mw-redirect" title="Microvitum">Microvitum</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:μικρος">μικρος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">mikros</i></span>) 'small' and the pseudo-Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">vitum</i></span>, from <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vita#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:vita">vita</a></i></span> 'life'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></b> – from the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakota</a> <span title="Dakota-language text"><i lang="dak"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mini#Dakota" class="extiw" title="wikt:mini">minne</a></i></span> 'water' and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:πόλις">πόλις</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">pólis</i></span>) 'city'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">Monoculture</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:μόνος">μόνος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">monos</i></span>) 'one, single' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cultura#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:cultura">cultura</a></i></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monolingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Monolingual">Monolingual</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μόνος</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">monos</i></span>) 'only' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lingua#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:lingua">lingua</a></i></span> 'tongue'; the non-hybrid word is <i><b><a href="/wiki/Unilingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Unilingual">unilingual</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Multigraph_(orthography)" title="Multigraph (orthography)">Multigraph</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/multus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:multus">multus</a></i></span> 'many' and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:γραφή">γραφή</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">graphē</i></span>); the non-hybrid word would be <i><b><a href="/wiki/Polygraph" title="Polygraph">polygraph</a></b></i>, but that is generally used with a different meaning</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Neonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neonate">Neonate</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:νέος">νέος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">neos</i></span>), 'new', and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">natus</i></span> 'birth'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BD%CE%B5%E1%BF%A6%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:νεῦρον">νεῦρον</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">neuron</i></span>) 'sinew', and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scientia#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:scientia">scientia</a></i></span>, from <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sciens#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:sciens">sciens</a></i></span> 'having knowledge'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">Neurotransmitter</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BD%CE%B5%E1%BF%A6%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:νεῦρον">νεῦρον</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">neuron</i></span>) 'sinew', and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">trans</i></span> 'across' and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">mittere</i></span> 'to send'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nonagon" title="Nonagon">Nonagon</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:nonus">nonus</a></i></span> 'ninth' and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:γωνία">γωνία</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">gōnia</i></span>) 'angle'; the non-hybrid word is <i><b><a href="/wiki/Enneagon" class="mw-redirect" title="Enneagon">enneagon</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oleomargarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleomargarine">Oleomargarine</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">oleum</i></span> 'beef fat' and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">margarites</i></span> 'pearl-like'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:παν">παν</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">pan</i></span>) 'all' and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:deus">deus</a></i></span> '<a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">god</a>'; compare with the non-hybrid word <i><b><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">pantheism</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Periglacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Periglacial">Periglacial</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:περί">περί</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">perí</i></span>) and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glacialis#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:glacialis">glaciālis</a></i></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:πέτρα">πέτρα</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">petra</i></span>) 'rock', and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oleum#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:oleum">oleum</a></i></span> 'oil'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8D%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:πολύς">πολύς</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">polýs</i></span>) 'many' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amor#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:amor">amor</a></i></span> '<a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">love</a>'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polydeism" class="mw-redirect" title="Polydeism">Polydeism</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πολύς</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">polýs</i></span>) 'many' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:deus">deus</a></i></span> '<a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">god</a>'; compare with the non-hybrid word <i><b><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Quadraphonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadraphonic">Quadraphonic</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quattuor#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:quattuor">quattuor</a></i></span> meaning four and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φωνικός</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">phōnikós</i></span>), from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AE#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:φωνή">φωνή</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">phōnḗ</i></span>) meaning sound; the non-hybrid word is <i><b>tetraphonic</b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Quadriplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadriplegia">Quadriplegia</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">quattuor</i></span> 'four' and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AE#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:πληγή">πληγή</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">plēgḗ</i></span>) 'stroke', from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AE%CF%83%CF%83%CF%89#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:πλήσσω">πλήσσειν</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">plḗssein</i></span>) 'to strike'; the non-hybrid word is <i><b><a href="/wiki/Tetraplegia" title="Tetraplegia">tetraplegia</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/socius#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:socius">socius</a></i></span>, 'comrade', and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:λόγος">λόγος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">lógos</i></span>) 'word', 'reason', 'discourse'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder" title="Antisocial personality disorder">Sociopath</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/socius#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:socius">socius</a></i></span> from <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/socio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:socio">sociare</a></i></span> 'to associate with', and the Greek (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">-pathes</i></span>) 'sufferer' from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:πάθος">πάθος</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">páthos</i></span>), 'incident, suffering, experience'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a></b> – from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%84%E1%BF%86%CE%BB%CE%B5#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:τῆλε">τῆλε</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">tēle</i></span>) 'far' and the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/visio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:visio">visio</a></i></span> 'seeing', from <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/video#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:video">videre</a></i></span> 'to see'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tonsillectomy" title="Tonsillectomy">Tonsillectomy</a></b> – from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tonsillae#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:tonsillae">tonsillae</a></i></span> 'tonsils' and the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%BD%CF%89#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:εκτέμνω">εκτέμνειν</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">ektémnein</i></span>), 'to cut out'</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a></b> – from the Latin word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vexillum#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:vexillum">vexillum</a></i></span>, 'flag', and the Greek suffix <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:-λογία">-λογία</a></span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">-logia</i></span>), 'study'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_languages">Other languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_word&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Hebrew">Modern Hebrew</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_word&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern Hebrew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern Hebrew</a> abounds with non-<a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a> derivational affixes, which are applied to words of both Semitic and non-Semitic descent. The following hybrid words consist of a Hebrew-descent word and a non-Semitic descent suffix:<sup id="cite_ref-Hybridity_versus_Revivability_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hybridity_versus_Revivability-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>bitkhon-íst</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ביטחוניסט</span>‎) 'one who evaluates everything from the perspective of national security', from <i>bitakhón</i> 'security' + the productive internationalism <i>-ist</i></li> <li><b>khamúda-le</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">חמודה׳לה</span>‎) 'cutie (feminine singular)', from <i>khamuda</i> 'cute (feminine singular) + <i>-le</i>, endearment diminutive of Yiddish origin</li> <li><b>kiso-lógya</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">כיסאולוגיה</span>‎) 'the art of finding a political seat (especially in the Israeli Parliament)', from <i>kisé</i> 'seat' + the productive internationalism <i>-lógya</i> '-logy'</li> <li><b>maarav-izátsya</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מערביזציה</span>‎) 'westernization', from <i>maaráv</i> 'west' + the productive internationalism <i>-izátsya</i> '-ization' (itself via <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> from a hybrid of Greek -ιζ- <i>-iz-</i> and Latin <i>-atio</i>)</li> <li><b>miluím-nik</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מילואימניק</span>‎) 'reservist, reserve soldier', from <i>miluím</i> 'reserve' (literally 'fill-ins') + <i>-nik</i>, a most productive agent suffix of Yiddish and Russian descent</li></ul> <p>The following Modern Hebrew hybrid words have an international prefix: </p> <ul><li><b>anti-hitnatkút</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אנטי־התנתקות</span>‎) 'anti-disengagement'</li> <li><b>post-milkhamtí</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">פוסט־מלחמתי</span>‎) 'post-war'</li> <li><b>pro-araví</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">פרו־ערבי</span>‎) 'pro-Arab'</li></ul> <p>Some hybrid words consist of both a non-Hebrew word and a non-Hebrew suffix of different origins: </p> <ul><li><b>shababnik</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שבבניק</span>‎) 'rebel youth of <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi Judaism</a>', from Arabic <i>shabab</i> (youth) and <i>-nik</i> of Yiddish and Russian descent</li></ul> <p>Some hybrid words consist of a non-Hebrew word and a Hebrew suffix: </p> <ul><li><b>Individuali-ut</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אינדיבידואליות</span>‎) 'Individualism', from English <i>Individual</i> and <i>ut</i>, a productive Hebrew suffix meaning <i>-ism</i></li></ul> <p>Modern Hebrew also has a productive derogatory prefixal <b>shm-</b>, which results in an 'echoic expressive'. For example, <b><a href="/wiki/Um-Shmum" title="Um-Shmum">um shmum</a></b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">או״ם־שמו״ם</span>‎), literally 'United Nations shm-United Nations', was a pejorative description by Israel's first Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, called in Modern Hebrew <i>umot meukhadot</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אומות מאוחדות</span>‎) and abbreviated <b>um</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">או״ם</span>‎). Thus, when a Hebrew speaker would like to express his impatience with or disdain for philosophy, s/he can say <i>filosófya-<b>shm</b>ilosófya</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">פילוסופיה־שמילוסופיה</span>‎). Modern Hebrew <b>shm-</b> is traceable back to <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>, and is found in English as well as <a href="/wiki/Shm-reduplication" title="Shm-reduplication">shm-reduplication</a>. This is comparable to the Turkic initial m-segment conveying a sense of 'and so on' as in Turkish <i><b>dergi mergi</b> okumuyor</i>, literally 'magazine "shmagazine" read:NEGATIVE:PRESENT:3rd.person.singular', i.e. '(He) doesn't read magazine, journals or anything like that'.<sup id="cite_ref-Hybridity_versus_Revivability_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hybridity_versus_Revivability-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filipino">Filipino</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_word&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Filipino"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>, hybrid words are called <a href="/wiki/Siyokoy_(linguistics)" title="Siyokoy (linguistics)">siyokoy</a> (literally "merman"). For example, <i>concernado</i> ("concerned"): "concern-" is from English and "-ado" is from Khoribari </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese">Japanese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_word&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, hybrid words are common in <a href="/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary" title="Sino-Japanese vocabulary">kango</a> (words formed from <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> characters) in which some of the characters may be pronounced using Chinese pronunciations (<i>on'yomi,</i> from Chinese morphemes), and others in the same word are pronounced using Japanese pronunciations (<i>kun'yomi,</i> from Japanese morphemes). These words are known as <i>jūbako</i> (重箱) or <i>yutō</i> (湯桶), which are themselves examples of this kind of compound (they are <a href="/wiki/Autological_word" title="Autological word">autological words</a>): the first character of <i>jūbako</i> is read using <i>on'yomi</i>, the second <i>kun'yomi</i>, while it is the other way around with <i>yutō</i>. Other examples include 場所 <i>basho</i> "place" (<i>kun-on</i>), 金色 <i>kin'iro</i> "golden" (<i>on-kun</i>) and 合気道 <i>aikidō</i> "the martial art <a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a>" (<i>kun-on-on</i>). Some hybrid words are neither <i>jūbako</i> nor <i>yutō</i> (縦中横 <i>tatechūyoko</i> (<i>kun-on-kun</i>)). Foreign words may also be hybridized with Chinese or Japanese readings in slang words such as 高層ビル <i>kōsōbiru</i> "high-rise building" (<i>on-on-katakana</i>) and 飯テロ <i>meshitero</i> "food terrorism" (<i>kun-katakana</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_word&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical compound">Classical compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_scientific_vocabulary" title="International scientific vocabulary">International scientific vocabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English" title="List of Greek and Latin roots in English">List of Greek and Latin roots in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phono-semantic_matching" title="Phono-semantic matching">Phono-semantic matching</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary" title="Sino-Japanese vocabulary">Sino-Japanese vocabulary</a>, hybrid words are called jūbako (重箱) or yutō (湯桶); see: <a href="/wiki/Kanji#Other_readings" title="Kanji">Kanji § Other readings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_word&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, <i>s.v.</i> 'barbarism', <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/15389#:~:text=the%20mixing%20of%20foreign%20words%20or%20phrases%20in%20Latin%20or%20Greek">definition 1a</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McArthur-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McArthur_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcArthur2005" class="citation book cs1">McArthur, Roshan (2005). R. McArthur & T. McArthur (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseoxfordcom00mcar"><i>Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280637-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280637-6"><bdi>978-0-19-280637-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Oxford+Companion+to+the+English+Language&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280637-6&rft.aulast=McArthur&rft.aufirst=Roshan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseoxfordcom00mcar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHybrid+word" class="Z3988"></span>, <i>s.v.</i> 'barbarism'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/antacid#etymonline_v_13500">"antacid"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=antacid&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fantacid%23etymonline_v_13500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHybrid+word" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/beatnik#etymonline_v_8213">"beatnik"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=beatnik&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fbeatnik%23etymonline_v_8213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHybrid+word" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/bigamy#etymonline_v_11136">"bigamy"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=bigamy&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fbigamy%23etymonline_v_11136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHybrid+word" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Campanology" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Campanology">"Campanology"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Campanology&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DCampanology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHybrid+word" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/chiral#etymonline_v_28046">"chiral"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=chiral&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fchiral%23etymonline_v_28046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHybrid+word" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/claustrophobia#etymonline_v_13784">"claustrophobia"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=claustrophobia&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fclaustrophobia%23etymonline_v_13784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHybrid+word" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107142334/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,858043-1,00.html">"What Can the Mattergy?" (review of John F. Wharton, <i>The Explorations of George Burton</i>), <i>Time</i> magazine, March 19, 1951.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Einstein could have simplified matters considerably by coining a word such as mattergy, matter and energy merely being different forms of mattergy, mattergy I and mattergy II." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed031p348">J.W.T. Spinks, "Language and Science," American Chemical Society, <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>, vol. 31, no. 7 (1 July 1954), p. 348.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a> lists articles and books that discuss mattergy: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=%22mattergy%22&btnG=">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=6203.msg362251;boardseen">"occupation of mattergy", <i>Naked Science Forum</i>, last entry: 23 December 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328094608/http://jamesmessig.wordpress.com/2008/11/21/speculations-on-harnessing-ambient-real-mattergy-within-intragalactic-and-intergalactic-space-for-ultra-high-relativistic-gamma-factor-manned-space-craft/">Jamesmessig, "Speculations on Harnessing Ambient Real Mattergy within Intragalactic and Intergalactic Space for Ultra-High Relativistic Gamma Factor Manned Space Craft", <i>Jamesmessig's Weblog</i>, 21 November 2008.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://capehartjd.typepad.com/blog/2009/08/mattergy-and-spime.html">"Mattergy and Spime", <i>Jack D Capehart's blog: REASONable Ramblings</i>, 7 August 2009.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hybridity_versus_Revivability-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hybridity_versus_Revivability_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hybridity_versus_Revivability_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Hybridity_versus_Revivability.pdf">Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns</a>. In <i>Journal of Language Contact</i>, Varia 2: 40–67, p. 49.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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