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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Esperanto" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Esperanto" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bakgrunn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Språklig_struktur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Språklig_struktur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Språklig struktur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Språklig_struktur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Språklig struktur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Språklig_struktur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Alfabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fonologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konsonanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Konsonanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vokaler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokaler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Vokaler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokaler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utbredelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utbredelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Utbredelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utbredelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordforråd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordforråd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ordforråd</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ordforråd-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Ordforråd</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ordforråd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fraser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fraser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Fraser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fraser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anvendelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anvendelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Anvendelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anvendelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esperanto_og_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esperanto_og_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Esperanto og religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esperanto_og_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatiske_regler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatiske_regler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Grammatiske regler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatiske_regler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Esperanto</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 212 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-212" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">212 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Ӏэспэранто – adygeisk" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Ӏэспэранто" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – søraltaisk" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="søraltaisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%94%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B6" title="ኤስፔራንቶ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤስፔራንቶ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="إسبرانتو – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسبرانتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88speranto" title="Èsperanto – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Èsperanto" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantu" title="Esperantu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Esperantu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispirantu_aru" title="Ispirantu aru – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ispirantu aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ایسپرانتو – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B" title="এসপেরান্তো – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এসপেরান্তো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Эсперанта – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эсперанта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Эспэранта – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эспэранта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanteg" title="Esperanteg – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Esperanteg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88" title="إسپيرانطو – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسپيرانطو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantogiella" title="Esperantogiella – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Esperantogiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – lavsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lavsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Εσπεράντο – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσπεράντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esper%C3%A0nt" title="Esperànt – emiliano-romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Esperànt" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="emiliano-romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9ranto" title="Espéranto – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espéranto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – fulfulde" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulfulde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍉 – gotisk" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Эсперантин келн – kalmukkisk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Эсперантин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmukkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0" title="에스페란토 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스페란토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Ekepel%C4%81nako" title="ʻŌlelo Ekepelānako – hawaiisk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Ekepelānako" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8" title="Էսպերանտո – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսպերանտո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरांतो – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्पेरांतो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – høysorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høysorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isipirantu_uqautchiq" title="Isipirantu uqautchiq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Isipirantu uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiEsperanto" title="IsiEsperanto – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiEsperanto" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi-Esperanto" title="Isi-Esperanto – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isi-Esperanto" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="אספרנטו – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אספרנטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Basa Éspéranto – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es%C9%A9perant%C9%94_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – grønlandsk" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="grønlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A" title="ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="ესპერანტო – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესპერანტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantek" title="Esperantek – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Esperantek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyesiperanto" title="Icyesiperanto – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyesiperanto" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiseperanto" title="Kiseperanto – rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Kiseperanto" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiesperanto" title="Kiesperanto – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiesperanto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Эсперанто (кыв) – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эсперанто (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperantoava" title="Esperantoava – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Esperantoava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_esperanto" title="Zimanê esperanto – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – jødespansk" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="jødespansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – latgallisk" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgallisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Esperantica" title="Lingua Esperantica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Esperantica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esper%C3%A0nto" title="Esperànto – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Esperànto" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisipelanto" title="Lisipelanto – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lisipelanto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/esperantos" title="esperantos – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="esperantos" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_esperanto" title="Lengua esperanto – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua esperanto" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eszperant%C3%B3_nyelv" title="Eszperantó nyelv – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eszperantó nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_esperant%C3%B4" title="Fiteny esperantô – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny esperantô" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B" title="എസ്പെരാന്തോ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്പെരാന്തോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरांतो – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एस्पेरांतो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="ესპერანტო – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესპერანტო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسبرانتو – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسبرانتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯇꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯇꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Esperanto" title="Bahaso Esperanto – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A9-g%C3%A1i-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Sié-gái-ngṳ̄ – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sié-gái-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speranto" title="Speranto – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Speranto" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эсперанто кяль – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эсперанто кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အက်စပါရန်တိုဘာသာစကား – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်စပါရန်တိုဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्परान्तो – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एस्परान्तो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="エスペラント – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エスペラント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9raunto" title="Espéraunto – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Espéraunto" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B" title="ਐੱਸਪੇਰਾਂਤੋ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐੱਸਪੇਰਾਂਤੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – palatintysk" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="palatintysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اېسپرانتو ژبه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېسپرانتو ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Éspéranto – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_esperanto" title="Lenga esperanto – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga esperanto" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_tili" title="Esperanto tili – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Esperanto tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_tili" title="Esperanto tili – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Esperanto tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – kølnsk" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kølnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – retoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispirantu_simi" title="Ispirantu simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ispirantu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="एस्पेरान्तो – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एस्पेरान्तो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B3" title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱨᱟᱱᱛᱳ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱨᱟᱱᱛᱳ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_esperanto" title="Gjuha esperanto – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha esperanto" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_esperantu" title="Lingua esperantu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua esperantu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9C" title="එස්පෙරාන්තො – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එස්පෙරාන්තො" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD-Speranto" title="Sí-Speranto – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Sí-Speranto" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Єспєранто – kirkeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єспєранто" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirkeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esberanto" title="Esberanto – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Esberanto" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86" title="ئێسپێرانتۆ – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێسپێرانتۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_%C3%89sp%C3%A9ranto" title="Basa Éspéranto – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Éspéranto" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="எஸ்பெராண்டோ – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எஸ்பெராண்டோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B" title="ఎస్పరాంటో – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎస్పరాంటో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95" title="ภาษาเอสเปรันโต – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเอสเปรันโต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Забони эсперанто – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Эсперанто – udmurtisk" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Эсперанто" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Есперанто – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Есперанто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اسپرانتو – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسپرانتو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ئېسپېرانتو – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېسپېرانتو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Quốc tế ngữ – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc tế ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperant" title="Sperant – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sperant" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto_kiil" title="Esperanto kiil – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Esperanto kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="世界語 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="世界語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inesperanto" title="Inesperanto – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inesperanto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="世界语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="世界语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90" title="עספעראנטא – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עספעראנטא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Esperanto" title="Èdè Esperanto – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="世界語 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="世界語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="世界语 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="世界语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Sep%C3%A8ranto" title="Basa Sepèranto – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Sepèranto" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Esperanto" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q143#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Esperanto" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Esperanto" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Esperanto" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&oldid=24238462" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Esperanto&id=24238462&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne 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accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/Esperanto" hreflang="no"><span>Wikibøker</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1576" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks bred"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Esperanto</th></tr><tr class="hode"><th colspan="4">Esperanto </th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/250px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/375px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/500px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="thumbcaption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"></div></div></td></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_(2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/250px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/375px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg/500px-Number_of_Esperanto_association_members_by_country_%282015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Skaper</th><td colspan="2">Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-1e35dfac5c85c60999eab73f2fb25cfb7ad3af37-v2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-1e35dfac5c85c60999eab73f2fb25cfb7ad3af37-v2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-fb207453787d4cefecc2c6d66f94dae6a5933a7d-v2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-fb207453787d4cefecc2c6d66f94dae6a5933a7d-v2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-544be362168a569132820cbfb761b9f3f1798a1a-v2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-544be362168a569132820cbfb761b9f3f1798a1a-v2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-2312425f39ea6dc88d11f977d43b28545db90c78-v2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-2312425f39ea6dc88d11f977d43b28545db90c78-v2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Brukt i</th><td colspan="2">Esperantujo </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Antall brukere</th><td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">2 000 000</span> <span style="font-size:85%">(2015)</span><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-ee8cad3941acd50d7a5786dc5e3409548f6a68df-v2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ee8cad3941acd50d7a5786dc5e3409548f6a68df-v2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfamilie" title="Språkfamilie">Lingvistisk<br />klassifikasjon</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kunstig_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunstig språk">Planspråk</a><br /><span style="margin-left:.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_hjelpespr%C3%A5k" title="Internasjonalt hjelpespråk">Internasjonalt hjelpespråk</a></span><br /><span style="margin-left:1em;"><b>Esperanto</b></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem">Skriftsystem</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Det_latinske_alfabetet" title="Det latinske alfabetet">det latinske alfabetet</a> </td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Offisiell status</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Offisielt i</th><td colspan="2">Ingen land.</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Normert av</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Akademio_de_Esperanto" title="Akademio de Esperanto">Akademio de Esperanto</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Språkkoder</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/eo">eo</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/epo">epo</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/epo">epo</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Glottolog</th><td colspan="2" class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/espe1235">espe1235</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center wikipedia-lenke"><hr /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="lenke=::"><img alt="lenke=::" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/15px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/23px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="eo:">Wikipedia på esperanto</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kategori:esperanto" title="wikt:Kategori:esperanto"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/15px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/23px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/30px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kategori:Esperanto" class="extiw" title="wikt:Kategori:Esperanto">Esperanto på Wiktionary</a><br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Esperanto</b> er et <a href="/wiki/Kunstspr%C3%A5k" title="Kunstspråk">kunstspråk</a> som er bygget for å være <a href="/wiki/Politikk" title="Politikk">politisk</a> nøytralt og lett å lære. Esperanto er det minste av <a href="/wiki/Verdensspr%C3%A5k" title="Verdensspråk">verdensspråkene</a>, sammenlignet med språk som har et stort antall brukere og <a href="/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi">geografisk</a> utbredelse. Av mange forslag til <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_hjelpespr%C3%A5k" title="Internasjonalt hjelpespråk">internasjonale hjelpespråk</a> er esperanto det mest suksessrike. </p><p>Språkets navn kommer fra pseudonymet «Doktoro Esperanto» («doktor håpefull»), som opphavsmannen dr. <a href="/wiki/Ludwik_Lejzer_Zamenhof" title="Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof">Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof</a> brukte da han publiserte sitt forslag til internasjonalt hjelpespråk i <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>. Tanken bak var at esperanto skulle fungere som et felles språk, på tvers av språk-, religion- og kulturbarrierene, og dermed også føre til økt kommunikasjon og samarbeid mellom <a href="/wiki/Menneske" title="Menneske">mennesker</a> under <a href="/wiki/Krig" title="Krig">krig</a> og <a href="/wiki/Konflikt" title="Konflikt">konflikt</a>. Ingen land har tatt i bruk esperanto som offisielt språk. Det brukes mest på samlinger mellom mennesker i ulike deler av verden, på reiser, under brevveksling og i ulike kulturelle sammenhenger, som i <a href="/wiki/Litteratur" title="Litteratur">litteratur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radiosendinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internett" title="Internett">Internett</a> og under enkelte <a href="/wiki/TV" class="mw-redirect" title="TV">TV</a>-sendinger. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunn">Bakgrunn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> publiserte den polsk-jødiske øyenlegen <a href="/wiki/Ludwik_Lejzer_Zamenhof" title="Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof">Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof</a> (1859–1917) en <a href="/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk">grammatikk</a> og ordliste til sitt nye språk «lingvo internacia», som snart kom til å kalles «esperanto». Zamenhofs intensjon med å publisere esperanto var at det skulle bli et felles verdensspråk, et hjelpespråk som mennesker kunne lære seg ved siden av morsmålet for å lette kommunikasjon og forståelse mellom ulike folkeslag. Zamenhof mente at mangelen på kommunikasjon og forståelse var en av årsakene til krig og fiendskap mellom ulike nasjoner. En medvirkende årsak til at akkurat Zamenhof, som ikke var utdannet lingvist, kom på denne idéen, var at han vokste opp i byen <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a> i det nåværende østre <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>, der fem språk – <a href="/wiki/Polsk" title="Polsk">polsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk">russisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusisk" title="Belarusisk">belarusisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk">tysk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">jiddisch</a> – ble talt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg/250px-1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg/375px-1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg/500px-1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1914" /></a><figcaption>L. L. Zamenhof, skaperen av Esperanto</figcaption></figure> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Esperantos_historie" title="Esperantos historie">Esperantos historie</a> </p> </div> <p>Allerede i barndommen drømte <a href="/wiki/Ludwik_Lejzer_Zamenhof" title="Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof">Zamenhof</a> om et fellesspråk for alle. Han vokste opp i byen <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a> i daværende <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>, hvor fem språk ble talt. Dette førte ofte til misforståelser og dårlig kommunikasjon. Han lurte på hva som kunne få folk til å forstå hverandre bedre, og snart ble ideen om et felles språk født. Etter å ha lært engelsk, skjønte han at grammatikk ikke trenger å være så komplisert, som det den ofte er i andre språk. Han utarbeidet en svært liten grammatikk, men mengden nødvendige ord bekymret ham fortsatt. En dag ble han oppmerksom på ordene «ŝvejcarskaja» og «konditorskaja». Endelsen -skaja satte ham på tanken om at bruk av affikser, forstavelser og etterstavelser, kunne gjøre et språk fleksibelt og holde det nødvendige ordforrådet nede, noe som ville gjøre språket mye enklere og raskere å lære. På gymnaset bestemte han seg for å skape et språk ved hjelp av <a href="/wiki/Affiks" title="Affiks">affikser</a> som kunne bli både fleksibelt og lettlært. Han bestemte seg å ta ordrøttene fra de romanske språkene, med innslag av germanske og slaviske språk. Da han var klar til å publisere språket, slapp det ikke gjennom tsarist-sensuren. Skuffet satt han tilbake, men tilbrakte tiden med å oversette verk som <a href="/wiki/Bibelen" title="Bibelen">Bibelen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>. I <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> publiserte han endelig et hefte kalt «Unua Libro» med introduksjon til «Lingvo Internacia» under pseudonymet «<a href="/wiki/Doktoro_Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Doktoro Esperanto">Doktoro Esperanto</a>» og russiske idealister sluttet seg raskt til språket. </p><p>Esperanto skulle komme til å få en nokså turbulent historie. I 1905 ble den første esperanto-kongressen avholdt. To år senere brøt en gruppe ut av esperanto-bevegelsen og dannet det nye språket <a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">ido</a>. Til tross vokste esperanto stabilt gjennom begynnelsen av 1900-tallet, men ble sterkt kastet tilbake både i løpet av første og andre verdenskrig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Språklig_struktur"><span id="Spr.C3.A5klig_struktur"></span>Språklig struktur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Språklig struktur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Språklig struktur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alfabet">Alfabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Alfabet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Alfabet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esperanto-alfabetet har 28 bokstaver. Hver bokstav kan <i>kun</i> uttales på <i>én</i> måte, derfor er det noen tilleggsbokstaver for lyder som det <a href="/wiki/Latinsk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinsk alfabet">latinske alfabetet</a> ikke har bokstaver for, samtidig som bokstaver som deler lyd med en annen (for eksempel «q» og «x» (ks) er fjernet fra bokstavrekken. </p> <big><div style="text-align:center"><b>a b c ĉ d e f g ĝ h ĥ i j ĵ k l m n o p r s ŝ t u ŭ v z</b></div></big> <p>Spesialbokstaver og bokstaver som har uttale som skiller seg fra det man skulle forvente: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bokstav </th> <th>c </th> <th>ĉ </th> <th>ĝ </th> <th>ĥ </th> <th>ĵ </th> <th>ŝ </th> <th>ŭ </th></tr> <tr> <th>Uttale </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19918143">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Code2000","MV Boli","MS Mincho","Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ts]</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[tʃ]</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[dʒ]</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[x]</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ʒ]</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ʃ]</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[u̯]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Merk: ŭ brukes vanligvis kun sammen med <i>a</i> eller <i>e</i> i diftongene «aŭ» og «eŭ». Men også diftongen «oŭ» forekommer. O uttales [å] og U uttales [o], som i <a href="/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk">tysk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fonologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fonologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esperanto har 22 konsonanter og 5 vokaler. Betoningen ligger alltid på den nest siste vokalen, utenom i de tilfeller sluttvokalen o utelukkes (i praksis nesten kun i poesi). For eksempel uttales familio (familie) [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">fa.mi.ˈli.o</span>], men famili’ [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">fa.mi.ˈli</span>]. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konsonanter">Konsonanter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Konsonanter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Konsonanter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Bilabial</th> <th>Labio-dental</th> <th>Alveolar</th> <th>Post-alveolar</th> <th>Palatal</th> <th>Velar</th> <th>Glottal </th></tr> <tr> <td>Plosiv</td> <td>p/b</td> <td></td> <td>t/d</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>k/g</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nasal</td> <td>m</td> <td></td> <td>n</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Flapp</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ɾ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frikativ</td> <td></td> <td>f/v</td> <td>s/z</td> <td>ʃ/ʒ</td> <td></td> <td>x</td> <td>h </td></tr> <tr> <td>Affrikat</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ʦ</td> <td>ʧ/ʤ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lateral Approksimant</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>l</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Approksimant</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>j</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lyden /r/ uttales enten som en alveolar flapp ([<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ɾ</span>] i IPA) eller rullende. /v/ etter vanligvis som norsk v, men kan av og til ligge et sted mellom v og engelsk w (IPA [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ʋ</span>]), eller iblant som en engelsk w, avhengig av talerens språklige bakgrunn. Halvvokalen [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">u̯</span>] forekommer bare i diftonger etter vokalene /a/, /e/ og /o/. Det er vanlig at visse konsonanter assimileres, selv om det debatteres hvorvidt det er korrekt uttale, særskilt i konsonantkombinasjonene /nk/, som uttales [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ŋk</span>], som i norsk <i>tank</i>, og /kz/ uttales /[<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">gz</span>], som i x-en i engelske <i>example</i>. </p><p>Ett relativt stort antall konsonantkombinasjoner kan forekomme, opp til tre initialt i ord og opp til fire medialt, for eksempel i ordet <i>instrui</i>, å undervise. Sluttelige konsonantkombinasjoner er uvanlige utenom når sluttelig «o» utelukkes i poesi, samt i noen få ord som cent (hundre) og post (etter). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vokaler">Vokaler</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Vokaler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vokaler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esperanto har fem vokaler, de samme som i for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Spansk" title="Spansk">spansk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Swahili" title="Swahili">swahili</a>. Det finnes ikke fonetisk skille mellom korte og lange vokaler. Det finnes også seks fallende diftonger: /ui̯, oi̯, ei̯, ai̯, au̯, eu̯/. </p><p>At vokalsystemet har fem vokaler innebærer at en ganske stor variasjon i uttale tillates. For eksempel varierer /e/ normalt fra [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">e</span>] (en sluttet e) til [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ɛ</span>]. Selv esperantos «o» kan ha en mer åpen eller sluttet uttale. Detaljene berører ofte talerens morsmål. Det forekommer hos visse talere at en glottistøt uttales mellom to vokaler som står etter hverandre, særskilt når disse er samme vokal, som i ordet <i>praavo</i> (oldefar). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utbredelse">Utbredelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utbredelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utbredelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Jubilea_simbolo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Jubilea_simbolo.svg/250px-Jubilea_simbolo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Jubilea_simbolo.svg/375px-Jubilea_simbolo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Jubilea_simbolo.svg/500px-Jubilea_simbolo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="155" /></a><figcaption>Jubilé-symbolet (Jubilea simbolo), laget i 1987 for å markere esperantos 100-årsdag. Symbolet skal forestillet e-en i esperanto og kyrilliske bokstaven Э (for Эсперанто), som kan tolkes som å være inkluderende for øst og vest. Med symmetrien og en «grense» på midten, kan det også tolkes som samarbeid mellom øst og vest.</figcaption></figure> <p>Esperanto er fortsatt et populært språk som snakkes av relativt mange. Det nøyaktige antallet er ukjent, overslagene varierer fra 100 000 til 8 millioner. Det mest realistiske overslaget er på 2 millioner. Enkelte har også <a href="/wiki/Esperanto_som_morsm%C3%A5l" title="Esperanto som morsmål">esperanto som morsmål</a>, da begge foreldrene snakker språket. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordforråd"><span id="Ordforr.C3.A5d"></span>Ordforråd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ordforråd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ordforråd"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esperantos ordforråd bygger hovedsakelig på de <a href="/wiki/Romansk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Romansk språk">romanske språk</a> med visse <a href="/wiki/Germansk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Germansk språk">germanske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Slavisk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavisk språk">slaviske</a> innslag. <a href="/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk">Grammatikken</a> er <a href="/wiki/Agglutinerende_spr%C3%A5k" title="Agglutinerende språk">agglutinerende</a>, noe som innebærer at ordstammene aldri forandres eller forkortes, men settes sammen som puslespillbiter. (Dette innebærer at esperantos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordstruktur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordstruktur (ikke skrevet ennå)">ordstruktur</a> står nærmere <a href="/wiki/Tyrkisk" title="Tyrkisk">tyrkisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Japansk" title="Japansk">japansk</a> enn vestlige språk.) De enkle reglene og mangelen på unntak gjør esperanto betydelig lettere å lære seg enn nasjonalspråkene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fraser">Fraser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fraser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fraser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Her er noen fraser på norsk oversatt til esperanto. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Norsk </th> <th>Esperanto </th></tr> <tr> <td>Hallo </td> <td>Saluton </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ja </td> <td>Jes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nei </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hva heter du? </td> <td>Kio estas via nomo? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hvordan går det? </td> <td>Kiel vi fartas? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Det går bra med meg. </td> <td>Mi fartas bone. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Snakker du esperanto? </td> <td>Ĉu vi parolas Esperanton? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bra </td> <td>Bone </td></tr> <tr> <td>Takk </td> <td>Dankon </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vær så snill </td> <td>Bonvolu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Det er en hund. </td> <td>Tio estas hundo. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jeg er nybegynner i esperanto. </td> <td>Mi estas komencanto de Esperanto. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anvendelse">Anvendelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Anvendelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Anvendelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esperanto er ikke et offisielt språk i noe land, enda det fantes planer på begynnelsen av det 20. århundre om å etablere <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytrale_Moresnet" title="Nøytrale Moresnet">Nøytrale Moresnet</a> som verdens første esperanto-stat, og den kortlevde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunstig_%C3%B8y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunstig øy (ikke skrevet ennå)">kunstige øyen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mikronasjon" title="Mikronasjon">mikronasjonen</a> <a href="/wiki/Rose_Island" title="Rose Island">Rose Island</a> brukte esperanto som sitt offisielle språk i <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>. Derimot er det det offisielle språket for flere <a href="/wiki/Ideell_organisasjon" title="Ideell organisasjon">ideelle organisasjoner</a>, for det meste esperanto-organisasjoner. Den største av disse organisasjonene, <a href="/wiki/Universala_Esperanto-Asocio" title="Universala Esperanto-Asocio">Det internasjonale esperantoforbund (UEA)</a>, har en konsulentrolle i <a href="/wiki/FN" class="mw-redirect" title="FN">FN</a> og <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. Man vet at esperanto ble brukt i <a href="/wiki/Kirkenes" title="Kirkenes">Kirkenes</a> på 1930-tallet som et vennskapsspråk mellom mennesker fra norsk, samisk, finsk, russisk og svensk bakgrunn.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esperanto_og_religion">Esperanto og religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Esperanto og religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Esperanto og religion"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selv om esperanto er et religionsnøytralt språk uten tilknytning til tro, har esperanto likevel hatt innpass i flere religiøse miljøer. </p><p>Opphavsmannen Zamenhof var selv jøde. I esperantos tidligere år ble det oppfordret blant muslimske imamer å lære seg esperanto. Noen av landene esperanto er mest utbredt i, er kristne, dessuten er esperanto populært i land som Kina og Japan, som har en helt annen type religion. </p><p>Religionen <a href="/wiki/Bahai-troen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahai-troen">bahai</a> lærer at det bør utvikles et internasjonalt hjelpespråk for å lette kommunikasjonen mellom mennesker med ulik kulturell bakgrunn. Av den grunn har mange bahaier vært opptatt av esperanto. Esperantotalende bahaier har sitt eget verdensforbund. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, som har den sterkeste esperanto-bevegelsen på det amerikanske kontinent, har esperanto støtte av den store <a href="/wiki/Spiritisme" title="Spiritisme">spiritistiske bevegelsen</a>. Flere viktige medier sa at det var viktig at spiritister støtter esperanto, og mange spiritistiske bøker blir oversatt og utgitt på språket. Spiritistene driver også opplæring i esperanto, og er viktige innafor esperantoorganisasjonene. Det finnes også et verdensforbund for spiritistiske esperantister. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> finnes en ny religion, <i>Oomoto</i>, grunnlagt i <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a> av <i>Nao Deguchi</i> med utgangspunkt i <a href="/wiki/Shinto" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinto">shinto</a> og folkereligion. Oomoto ser også studier og fremme av esperanto som en religiøs plikt. De fleste av religionens rundt 50 000 medlemmer har studert noe esperanto, og minst 1000 skal kunne snakke språket flytende. Oomoto driver også en omfattende propaganda på esperanto. </p><p>Det finnes egne esperantoorganisasjoner for <a href="/wiki/Katolikker" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolikker">katolikker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme">buddhister</a> og andre religiøse grupper. <a href="/wiki/Radiovaticana" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiovaticana">Radio Vatikanet</a> har i perioder sendt på esperanto, nå for tiden tre ganger i uka. <a href="/wiki/Bibelen" title="Bibelen">Bibelen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a> er blant de sentrale religiøse verker som er oversatt til esperanto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatiske_regler">Grammatiske regler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Grammatiske regler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Grammatiske regler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Følgende regler ble formulert av Zamenhof: </p> <ol><li>Ubestemt artikkel finnes ikke; det finnes bare en bestemt artikkel <i>la</i> lik for alle kjønn, kasus og tall. <ol><li><b>Merknad:</b> Bruken av artikkelen er den samme som i andre språk.</li></ol></li> <li>Alle substantiv har endelsen «o». For å danne flertall legger man til endelsen «j». Av kasus finnes det to: <a href="/wiki/Nominativ" title="Nominativ">nominativ</a> og <a href="/wiki/Akkusativ" title="Akkusativ">akkusativ</a>; den siste danner man av nominativ ved å legge til «n» for entall og «jn» for flertall. De øvrige kasus uttrykkes ved hjelp av preposisjoner, (genitiv med «de», dativ med «al», ablativ med «per» eller andre preposisjoner etter betydningen).</li> <li>Alle adjektiv ender på «a». Adjektiv bøyes i forhold med substantivets tall, ved flertall legger man til «j» . Komparativ dannes med ordet «pli», superlativ med «plej»; ved komparativ bruker man konjunksjonen «ol». Ender adjektivet med «ega», forsterkes ordet. Ender det på «eta», blir det svakere. Setter du «mal» i starten, får du <a href="/wiki/Antonym" title="Antonym">antonymet</a>, det motsatte.<sup id="cite_ref-esperanto-kurs_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esperanto-kurs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ol><li><i>Eksempel: varma – varm, malvarma – kald</i></li></ol></li> <li>Verb i infinitiv ender på «i». Presens ender med «as» og preteritum på «is». Bytter du ut «a» -en i et adjektiv med «igi», får du et verb.<sup id="cite_ref-esperanto-kurs_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esperanto-kurs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ol><li><i>Eksempel: varma – varm, varmigi – å varme</i></li> <li><i>Eksempel: mi malvarmigas – jeg kjøler ned</i></li></ol></li> <li>Grunntallene (som ikke bøyes) er: «unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naŭ, dek, cent, mil». Tierne og hundrerne dannes ved enkel sammenføyning av tallordene. Tallordene gjøres til ordenstall ved at man føyer til adjektivets endelse; for multiplikasjon bruker man endelsen «obl», for brøker – «op», for fordeling – ordet «po». Dessuten kan tallord brukes substantivisk og adverbialt.</li> <li>Personlige pronomen: «mi» (jeg), «vi» (du), «li» (han), «ŝi» (hun), «ĝi» (den, det: om ting og dyr), «si» (seg), «ni» (vi), «vi» (dere), «ili» (de), «oni» (man); posessiv (eiedomsord) lages ved å føye til adjektivendelsen. Bøyningen er som ved substantivene.</li> <li>Verb forandres ikke etter personer og tall. Verbets former er: nåtid får endelsen «-as»; fortid «-is»; fremtid «-os»; kondisjonalis «-us»; imperativ «-u»; infinitiv «-i». <ol><li>Partisippene (med adjektivisk eller adverbial betydning): aktiv nåtid: «-ant»; aktiv fortid: «-int»; aktiv fremtid: «-ont»; passiv nåtid: «-at»; passiv fortid: «-it»; passiv fremtid: «-ot». Alle former av passiv blir dannet ved hjelp av en tilsvarende form av verbet «esti» og passiv partisipp av det verbet som behøves; preposisjon ved passiv er «de».</li></ol></li> <li>Adverb ender på «e»; grader av komparasjon dannes på samme måte som ved adjektivene.</li> <li>Alle preposisjoner styrer i seg selv nominativ.</li> <li>Hvert ord leses som det skrives.</li> <li>Trykket ligger alltid på nest siste stavelse.</li> <li>Sammensatte ord dannes ved likefrem sammenføyning av enkeltordene (hovedordet står til slutt); de grammatiske endelsene betraktes også som selvstendige ord.</li> <li>Ved et annet nektende ord skal ordet «ne» utelates.</li> <li>For å vise (bevegelse i en) retning får ordene akkusativendelse.</li> <li>Enhver preposisjon har en bestemt og uforanderlig betydning; men hvis vi må bruke en preposisjon og den direkte mening ikke sier oss hvilken preposisjon vi skal benytte, da skal vi bruke preposisjonen «je», som ikke har noen selvstendig betydning. I stedet for preposisjonen «je» kan man også bruke akkusativ uten preposisjon.</li> <li>De såkalte fremmedordene, dvs. de som storparten av språkene har tatt fra samme kilde, brukes i esperanto uforandret, idet de bare får dette språks ortografi; men ved flere ord av samme rot er det best bare å anvende grunnordet uforandret og danne de øvrige etter esperantos regler.</li> <li>I poesi og diktning kan den siste o-en i et ord utelukkes. Likevel ligger trykket på den samme stavelsen.</li></ol> <p>Vel å merke er ikke disse reglene de eneste. Esperanto er like mangfoldig grammatikalsk sett som i et hvilket som et helst annet språk. Forskjellen er at esperanto er mye enklere å tilegne seg enn nasjonalspråkene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esperantist" title="Esperantist">Esperantist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeideresperantobevegelsen" title="Arbeideresperantobevegelsen">Arbeideresperantobevegelsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norvega_Esperantista_Ligo" title="Norvega Esperantista Ligo">Norvega Esperantista Ligo</a> (Norsk Esperanto-Forbund)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwik_Zamenhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwik Zamenhof">Ludwik Zamenhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Grabowski" title="Antoni Grabowski">Antoni Grabowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Beaufront" title="Louis de Beaufront">Louis de Beaufront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldor_Midthus" title="Haldor Midthus">Haldor Midthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalistisk_planspr%C3%A5k" title="Naturalistisk planspråk">Naturalistisk planspråk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nylatinsk_planspr%C3%A5k" title="Nylatinsk planspråk">Nylatinsk planspråk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-1e35dfac5c85c60999eab73f2fb25cfb7ad3af37-v2-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-1e35dfac5c85c60999eab73f2fb25cfb7ad3af37-v2_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lingvo.info/en/lingvopedia/esperanto">«Esperanto»</a> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 31. oktober 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AEsperanto&rft.btitle=Esperanto&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flingvo.info%2Fen%2Flingvopedia%2Fesperanto&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-fb207453787d4cefecc2c6d66f94dae6a5933a7d-v2-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-fb207453787d4cefecc2c6d66f94dae6a5933a7d-v2_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transpanish.biz/translation_blog/esperanto/">«Esperanto, The Universal Language, Celebrates its 125th Birthday»</a> (på engelsk). 20. august 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 31. oktober 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AEsperanto&rft.btitle=Esperanto%2C+The+Universal+Language%2C+Celebrates+its+125th+Birthday&rft.date=2012-08-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transpanish.biz%2Ftranslation_blog%2Fesperanto%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-544be362168a569132820cbfb761b9f3f1798a1a-v2-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-544be362168a569132820cbfb761b9f3f1798a1a-v2_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/epo">http://www.ethnologue.com/language/epo</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i>; besøksdato: 31. oktober 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-2312425f39ea6dc88d11f977d43b28545db90c78-v2-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-2312425f39ea6dc88d11f977d43b28545db90c78-v2_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">«Эсперанто». <i>Малая советская энциклопедия, 1936—1947</i>. 1936. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87326816" class="extiw" title="d:Q87326816">Q87326816</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AEsperanto&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE&rft.date=1936&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+1936%E2%80%941947&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-ee8cad3941acd50d7a5786dc5e3409548f6a68df-v2-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-ee8cad3941acd50d7a5786dc5e3409548f6a68df-v2_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doaj.org/article/fdf36b2da3254f92a9871a45b863c433">https://doaj.org/article/fdf36b2da3254f92a9871a45b863c433</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-esperanto-kurs-6"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-esperanto-kurs_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esperanto-kurs_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809192401/http://www.esperanto.no/kurs/lyd/Leksjon_00.mp3">«Lydkurs i esperanto»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esperanto.no/kurs/lyd/Leksjon_00.mp3">originalen</a> 9. august 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 15. mai 2011</span>. «For hele lydkurset, se <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.esperanto.no/kurs/">http://www.esperanto.no/kurs/</a> .»</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AEsperanto&rft.btitle=Lydkurs+i+esperanto&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esperanto.no%2Fkurs%2Flyd%2FLeksjon_00.mp3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ragnvald Rian og Einar Anker Haugen: <i>Norsk-Esperanto ordbok</i></li> <li>William Auld: <i>Fenomenet Esperanto</i>. Oslo: Esperantoforlaget, 1987. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8290006063" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-90006-06-3</a></li> <li>John Cresswell og John Hartley: <i>Teach Yourself Esperanto</i></li> <li>Emily van Someren: Republication of the thesis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethesis.net/eu_language/eu_language_contence.htm"><i>The EU Language Regime, Lingual and Translational Problems</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalogo.uea.org/index.php?inf=4006"><i>Ludovikologia dokumentaro I</i></a> Tokyo: Ludovikito, 1991. Facsimile reprints of the <i>Unua Libro</i> in Russian, Polish, French, German, English and Swedish, with the earliest Esperanto dictionaries for those languages.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031211124016/http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/fundamento/enhavo.php"><i>Fundamento de Esperanto</i></a>. HTML reprint of 1905 <i>Fundamento</i>, from the Academy of Esperanto.</li> <li>Montagu C. Butler: <i>Step by Step in Esperanto</i>. ELNA 1965/1991. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0939785013" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-939785-01-3</a></li> <li>Clinton DeSoto: <i>200 Meters and Down</i>, 1936, West Hartford, Connecticut, USA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Radio_Relay_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Radio Relay League (ikke skrevet ennå)">American Radio Relay League</a>, p. 92.</li> <li>Michael Everson: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/esperanto.pdf"><i>The Alphabets of Europe: Esperanto</i> {PDF}</a>. Evertype, 2001.</li> <li>Peter G. Forster: <i>The Esperanto Movement</i>. The Hague: Mouton Publishers, 1982. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9027933995" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-279-3399-5</a>.</li> <li>Don Harlow: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060412114058/http://www.webcom.com/%7Edonh/eaccess/eaccess.book.html"><i>The Esperanto Book</i></a>. Self-published on the web (1995–96).</li> <li>John C. Wells: <i>Lingvistikaj aspektoj de Esperanto</i> ("Linguistic aspects of Esperanto"). Second edition. Rotterdam: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 1989.</li> <li>Bertilo Wennergren: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bertilow.com/pmeg/index.html"><i>Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esperanto.no">Offisielt nettsted</a></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Esperanto">Esperanto</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 70px;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> på <b><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="eo:">esperanto</a></b></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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