CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.tandfonline.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e747a7c0daf4bfe',cH: 'Cn4mOfg_fhSU2AYAXUQnLxZgHN4N.j6rpAJFTlxzrSQ-1732399712-1.2.1.1-NnvFsyOcgml4lCtDSdgWr0CmG7a34IxQmn2C8wCWAXhGNE4itrGuStKE.jDIIV61',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/19439962.2018.1545715?__cf_chl_tk=Z.EYzoEkSTqlypizGm2TIxxQkhM6Q9JZ4bSpP2GxZcg-1732399712-1.0.1.1-DyOWFyQ4rdjwzA7BJ8lyrj6LZnneG9ApK9XteoaZXn0",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732399712',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/19439962.2018.1545715?__cf_chl_f_tk=Z.EYzoEkSTqlypizGm2TIxxQkhM6Q9JZ4bSpP2GxZcg-1732399712-1.0.1.1-DyOWFyQ4rdjwzA7BJ8lyrj6LZnneG9ApK9XteoaZXn0",md: "xYIkQ3INXcfrSyla7tTwWB1l0AS93BeDWWhsOdNizZ8-1732399712-1.2.1.1-cRoi2214cwvveB1IJXk9VaskqhzWUO3sgr8bqD8InARRFvfORhKm2TWL75X_t0.SMDuR7SIqJwFAmVb.MuAgvACaVVz1oISXB7mnMMbge.tEr1i9R5V79Ma_EiUG5MlYp.vUBhd.7gn7ya5uiIWwb2jZx79DZVmEodrPemBJvUJQM8oGG9Mxi2bR5hItUgMfUso3Gog5TM4oH8ymvSvW4k05VoGqYQfGG5yaTkvW1hQ9s.qHGGfL5XqnfnrJBIyFUub6QVY2UJ.nHsuZdap30ypzaW_H3Z075U2jAcP_KVRwLkZ.jAFsBVC_ZEtKlYu1fuDaE.ZAXL4CosuOAwMx9q9EyM_DvkxKVF7C8O2uy_HYBhqZ3__ctNLBhqG2yOuNU2vOd7zLnIeNIL5gsTf_w.FhgfrntoOoy82bGAT65_6_D2UJAApswzWeq6J6FDA6rDh_a.nnreaM_GOnWH5aQVxXN1fspSR6x8oB1DAyI._KTZJ2cArAkG0fptEc5s.6xpqnFqnLyAETmgi6myzXlkCBURBi9iPd5kQLAnReMjHcVcSyJapRujhYzDNpXjzu3d4Mjfa64dDonzWAElob_rBlFvHmjygDeK5oRw9agmrfrgnQ1SYCQ9J7jN4AlyBDuS5Vd4LQhtbrWss1ME_YHkqhWya9XYs4kJkDG_uzXQSMEi0Pqn_lYMjJjuXLYn.h3YXGnur1Hbuk9aCA0NTMZkZDjcA2qZnAeei2A6xxHBvC5.XcbhGRFlek4t.UUE63eWPo4EYidqRvPqb2qWRvCE0zZq6d1MjjczkD1nfJCRx5sbU3lWHTuUlUjxvbLtojZVvBp4eAgouuRWwzNHoh0KHOlncRVn9rj1BusqVf9MCdaOU_hV9uZOdcm1bSD0WR4vLqDYTJAjTi6TQH3vlEL224G0Uq3bnW5HwYi.U97mxTJOUdnxYAKroYqF1LDO1THcmGiymQKOnZAe2aFJ5hzV583Ydbjn.Z0hr35H1oIZAEk4fZkHcEzm7SVHQjlw9lmnaA1SerYDtbHNiS5xj1Z22K7r._J4TRwYmgv5vGUFzvsBh2sDbKZBO4mmrY9YVNmZyc_R7FYStCXOyJ7s4HfHSOaUB.jAHMuDQjdQcipxcIkQtP3smBMBRJKj6a3ydhhjduz2_i7DXh9UFvU0iW7m6yAzEGmacu7QnM4bZ3e7VrGs91hgVM2B8G.tJMb50oFaM3QVaNjPpuWyYDZAneZSXAjnZ0DD3pzX7WJjjbmxO7X0faEG.jis1r3iHrEAiKYxdnJfWVgkE5DkAPowKGT1SWtS7Z_Z0J3.0yg7cf6mYJg8L5eXMr6IOFsWmvZ3eiyLUgheRwDe7CddTF9kUyPT3ugYOzcDJCuYxQzkKipI5uCHdTQ3eFdVSQez_i8pUZkrdwDFimbEqdoVCxb8P.d2sE4oeDshZzfVkXyVZD7JXm0TgEMD2oPlVHvVIc5aNFdeEQ2MGkswMulDySQMDhqgJvkOc491OYxUZb698KyHJy8KGlgFDb9mZpwed6o.tigT1VBwDJ2P3QWM.zT5oCmvDdFmrDKKqlJDaUUlWilXghHKFNvyyroSV6MaBtDqc2j8u_q5BEFRv9DC1uZuITqOb2hn5CbgRdji1bWNbSaGCiGasyrz1hYbq_a_OXjW1GPulVe75pDWsq4PBPVQ_.s6RPrHlh4Vszn3kuWxm4I8MFHodbNgVqzGP9sfMdYU3b4QygxEsZZ6_qZFLbCj3GHlhdx2VihjW1ngew8FQkJc9PtZBYU_PYd6taLaEqqWUjAEstSlxfJpxXmbZwBI7bpy0RQfhjlUo03N1JRoC_47pK5EEV4JBTVS0wjhka17KuYBpTQyCLG7ov3r9FPueXaGt_5rIw4kHBQGaAyOe_nwHLQT5AEwQqHFRT_mmzAwG8ySL6MsY9DWng3r_nMGT6yqiyie8R7Yt3fNEsJsXIrhFRKhKwh7wUdke1Qen8gJVGpCGTRbsP9QWrFtHdsAAC3Y_gNTYiTk_QCUiz4bMrA0aJaToXLaxLvAyaDIhTrhqYiaq4AfKxy5S_8.oIGwsVDavnaiD8sdirdG_n7bQ0_OY7WURpSYfYHTtyTkqSroLMIbpQW7JAXbiENBljsztv2fRDdo100IyLRvQKNlfUv6G4pXv7b4VDxORAboNnvHC9kyz3QsL6Ye_Xoej1bl5OQbYfUYfGoSs6MH9IbfMWRV53lM26VwpMt2fnf3IMMysXf..Tm8sAJKQ_hVHC9piT6muzHmNJkbJ091pdp500wbbcS_4tXbblmP64BXLST2oInCn6ghvp2ajMNCYsDHOxYTrCvHvj02T98Aid46rMEf7QTzOm6l3nhQkjLyKrrOHXHFwPiIfqjzii9AIMzA6TZ_3gF6o.mTyLSP8n7Bq7AVDdaowDyOtZUtrEKL_hyLruz76rokgA9YXtMkOLCyR.58KrVX2UE_HiuDbqg_y0rdq3cVSsuVcYXpxlJ85_wQy51JFNFFOynqBDWXZ7Em5xLdRXcx2Tp89oTtWo9BPCYVK5KqDN2zZJO8M59Iasa4i5pzKbEb2Lex.4sehb5CeNBtnOoiU0_DQvlV_gAmwjnbCqIla7.QOI7IlutDi4aYLvmFLniRRrIZfz84WK98MpIq3uKclaUBQOBLD9NB1zrRqCq6uRP_YWXNj2se6bhs8yWBH.r7hPB7AtGaafW_Yawe44nP1ndCODsK1q4YxHYh8wzHiKj4IAnnFy1I8v9QQLlV9i75zjzAb4kfg8TZyMu9BVEr_IjEUYktjhW4GAEi92F6Zqp_QMS6t.Ff7MLAjIcB8NEPDddytzSUacCUO_O0h0njNdXt35rikj1Oez5DQN5KajpO6dbIo7rigH9QNIC4OkhyFO6I0tWHW9WebObL.2yHQYSO5rJy5H2DVWFDyizYdvOJHMEC3GOULX3EEVjWLavF79AdwZsx_Fr56dMvfjLkVZhDCLDjAFpMk8kkL37mS3UyvmenbjEMNXS2vakUb.Swq5jjg75v8a6YMHpQ",mdrd: "j5_Twhf2zeQhBEUK7lvd6gx65aZg9Vi7NKuBnMCjZeg-1732399712-1.2.1.1-RV3dvXOeZSU7Qycji9P8M4vuVQ.NVm9tT.i0UFQmfLIVmsO13D_LSxNysx92skBS4saeIxjjRmdrFkf7fV2hbV4xDMt3qwZ7ZivGacaxyEfnSkyGxNL2lEVob1f3V_QaRoc5NIDZX.ST4Pp6KyseAMqUOypuZcexrTFi_cHHGXSxOaT7sxvMCvUC.k5K9HsZCj7qgKEw5nmZXXO5t8lTtSs_Yhi_PieHfkH9q6on8XzoN5blz_MbI4TiBSN_.49cpTybjfWLqODfipnbywpUajBrd6mwxOU4ZPkDgxUAL9P6g0YKdFx4ep46U7FSjhSYyFBLi8vX7MP6V9b_CcmwSg_eEoK3z0ZIUtpXsB.dcwMr8H5GKq_KFNbw6fwoO8gvo9ROtFIU5ioKMNeXeVgv1_sOyDSvLwDzTIuPSJF9LWOLmQdDQG.PpvM14FdByTSLZrpIJFWn7vaxpWLrV8yG19xNsIFomSKfri0PyYI1orDF1BrFJaZOdAkWNxHAml9wOUg__aH4U.aCAEnKIATbku6TiPCz18M5xjo2w2Er_n4.J2mfZsrXtmspFtZ6sYDVrhbFzmtEqkj7wONHonCbAedsJr.Jgghkm2.z9FKPGKbPDqWuBu4if9xRWE6XHzbCzIzAUBoi9z63anGvN4rg48nw8RRUvFH.enJg5faOb6s_dAmi4Nq.1yYsPZVyKHnqFMFWTNSpZmZA41H5_s_nY9AZ_fhSS76Ukzs0qqkHjMWtDYzcGEATVn.A6DRt2z8enj2zDuhksuRG9P_jC991jvrMnYdPB50WKEPO.3Zi9EbalnAFW4qWAW4l0FtG4BeN7brdunMaOb6.oN2MG3tCRxXr9ucL9Y6Jt_ZXXagfa1hu21Kan6zi2YyFAxT1V_1eEh2UGzrtapbb5uJ7pGot9DO2VIbCtKM6PwoIhc1tNH9Xja2Efx_P0UdmwinAWf5q8I628evy_iXazHz1oegDZMYkQjkl0tY1i92A3t9XqGkk8dZ1j1PA6LlnkiAROkpBibOSJuU.BWL6U9f_PvN6sTUjfSve5w.ANzScc9cjHETOdZNxhRRniuH9dyVOgyhTX9EkEIkMdO9B4yyX.JJ.RFTl0MehQHw1szqctUvBvDWURDU_7.zdTxZpq8pSNq3RjWg3W71dJR8jhr2pHDbPQOf64vp3r.hlN9G0h1h2YYf8RGEp5EmlzRgh_zzV9nbd9CbfXtOQh8Q2wzGHxFK5aU.ADkKecZCh52Ux.W9PQexmP.L0kJyP67poWlAVQLp4BwmHqwlji9nt9cxqqWoX42Lm97OmTJgCFG8dopnOYkUcSj9rnZ2T7bMSozMr22pkMqfD4JjjZk2ERE_qiPEMye0qLm_jnjWwuajxNQXe47W_sse_6bzO7mINT61Da97xrRQH8EeyHeiv6Vm6X.60eivDTEKkKNqBsnjOAnOARxdUgI4iPZwWfNBXMBKQ82xMhmXxXRHPz7Qs2K.eSmIPKxmSNnR1MSGXEoEHQWV_T9iZSeM.b7iiStc_5y6T7SFPoRQo6slShXu3c4Fu4cQyJRxl34ienAfEFB1exvJwwXMttsaBuUPVIU6LdTOC.H0GB0Lh0ed1SAfDaXz2.HekbvE.ul7YiCdptVFLgpcyGMc5DsWTFcYqhOZDUE5YZlsQ5c3hRY5YklfL0.eitQyatjDxI9Lm5YSCQYvhZeD7n..mRARdytu8ORCRTJ8H4j0j29LX4qNAh9td92j_PnZyt0PgFyA4vXVryswvE0lD0iJYX0zbgfqUw7JLHX_D4bHKwG5v75W0TFz90TOju7X76WMNUioFGbb2zdBja334K8IjDQWE1bQxGr4qC0TRdIlrpGg11dJaCxSC0.l9Bvy2WsJy8qky96kDKQuCiogRFDts3zgbQblgRU2ZS5zQG.iwlBzua9xWJNMw2SOSXepoUh4MexZVO7CiENTFUAheX11u.ZAC8X3_0kJRKWWa4eqc"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e747a7c0daf4bfe';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/19439962.2018.1545715?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Z.EYzoEkSTqlypizGm2TIxxQkhM6Q9JZ4bSpP2GxZcg-1732399712-1.0.1.1-DyOWFyQ4rdjwzA7BJ8lyrj6LZnneG9ApK9XteoaZXn0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>