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<span>Acquisitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Finances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_structure_and_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_structure_and_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Corporate structure and ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_structure_and_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Research and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SAP</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_(maatskappy)" title="SAP (maatskappy) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="SAP (maatskappy)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="ساب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A2_%D9%BE" title="اس آ پ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اس آ پ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_AG" title="SAP AG – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="SAP AG" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_AG" title="SAP AG – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="SAP AG" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%BE" title="اس‌آپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اس‌آپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_(entreprise)" title="SAP (entreprise) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="SAP (entreprise)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_AG" title="SAP AG – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="SAP AG" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_AG" title="SAP AG – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="SAP AG" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="SAP համակարգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="SAP համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="सैप एजी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सैप एजी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_AG" title="SAP AG – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="SAP AG" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_(azienda)" title="SAP (azienda) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="SAP (azienda)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_(%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94)" title="SAP (חברה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="SAP (חברה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%8E_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಎಸ್ ಎ ಪಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಸ್ ಎ ಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_AG" title="SAP AG – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="SAP AG" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_(uz%C5%86%C4%93mums)" title="SAP (uzņēmums) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="SAP (uzņēmums)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_AG" title="SAP AG – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="SAP AG" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF)" title="സാപ് (സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയർ കമ്പനി) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാപ് (സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയർ കമ്പനി)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%88." title="सॅप एस.ई. – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सॅप एस.ई." data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_(%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD)" title="SAP (企業) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SAP (企業)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_(selskap)" title="SAP (selskap) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="SAP (selskap)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_(przedsi%C4%99biorstwo)" title="SAP (przedsiębiorstwo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SAP (przedsiębiorstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_(softv%C3%A9rov%C3%BD_podnik)" title="SAP (softvérový podnik) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="SAP (softvérový podnik)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_AG" title="SAP AG – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="SAP AG" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_AG" title="SAP AG – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="SAP AG" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_(yritys)" title="SAP (yritys) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SAP (yritys)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="எஸ்ஏபி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எஸ்ஏபி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E" title="เอ็สอาเพ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ็สอาเพ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE" title="SAP SE – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="SAP SE" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="SAP公司 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="SAP公司" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP" title="SAP – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="SAP" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E7%88%B1%E6%99%AE" title="思爱普 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="思爱普" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=SAP&params=49.2938_N_8.6396_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°17′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°38′23″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.2938°N 8.6396°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.2938; 8.6396</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German multinational enterprise-software company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/SAP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="SAP (disambiguation)">SAP (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">SAP SE</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SAP_2011_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SAP_2011_logo.svg/250px-SAP_2011_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SAP_2011_logo.svg/330px-SAP_2011_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SAP_2011_logo.svg/400px-SAP_2011_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="225" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">FWB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/global-search/SAP">SAP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">FWB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/global-search/SAPA">SAPA</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Depositary_Receipt" class="mw-redirect" title="American Depositary Receipt">ADR</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:SAP">SAP</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Depositary_Receipt" class="mw-redirect" title="American Depositary Receipt">ADR</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=DE0007164600">DE0007164600</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=US8030542042">US8030542042</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_software" title="Enterprise software">Enterprise software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Business_software" title="Business software">Business software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consulting" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulting">Consulting</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1972<span class="noprint">; 53 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1972</span>)</span> in <a href="/wiki/Weinheim" title="Weinheim">Weinheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Hopp" title="Dietmar Hopp">Dietmar Hopp</a></li><li>Hans-Werner Hector</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hasso_Plattner" title="Hasso Plattner">Hasso Plattner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Tschira" title="Klaus Tschira">Klaus Tschira</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Wellenreuther" title="Claus Wellenreuther">Claus Wellenreuther</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Walldorf" title="Walldorf">Walldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pekka_Ala-Pietil%C3%A4" title="Pekka Ala-Pietilä">Pekka Ala-Pietilä</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a><sup id="cite_ref-supervisory_board_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supervisory_board-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Klein" title="Christian Klein">Christian Klein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>SAP AppGyver</li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_S/4HANA" title="SAP S/4HANA">SAP S/4HANA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_HANA" title="SAP HANA">SAP HANA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_ERP" title="SAP ERP">SAP ERP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_CRM" title="SAP CRM">SAP CRM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_PLM" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP PLM">SAP PLM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_SCM" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP SCM">SAP SCM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_SRM" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP SRM">SAP SRM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_SuccessFactors" title="SAP SuccessFactors">SAP SuccessFactors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_NetWeaver" title="SAP NetWeaver">SAP NetWeaver</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Business_ByDesign" title="SAP Business ByDesign">SAP Business ByDesign</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Business_One" title="SAP Business One">SAP Business One</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BusinessObjects" title="BusinessObjects">BusinessObjects</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_IQ" title="SAP IQ">SAP IQ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Ariba" title="SAP Ariba">SAP Ariba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ABAP" title="ABAP">ABAP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Cloud_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP Cloud Platform">SAP Cloud Platform</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Converged_Cloud" title="SAP Converged Cloud">SAP Converged Cloud</a></li><li>(<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_SAP_products" title="List of SAP products">Full list</a></b>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">Applications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>34.18 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €4.665 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €3.150 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €74.12 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €45.81 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">109,973 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sap.com/">sap.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Footnotes / references</b><br /><sup id="cite_ref-financials_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-financials-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>SAP SE</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ɛsʔaːˈpeː]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/46\/De-SAP.ogg\/De-SAP.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-SAP.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/De-SAP.ogg/De-SAP.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-SAP.ogg" title="File:De-SAP.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is a European <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> software company based in <a href="/wiki/Walldorf,_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg">Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg</a>, Germany. The company is the world's largest vendor of <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning" title="Enterprise resource planning">enterprise resource planning</a> (ERP) software.<sup id="cite_ref-SAP4ERP#1.NYT2019_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAP4ERP#1.NYT2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was founded in 1972 as a private partnership named <i>Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung</i> (<i>System Analysis Program Development</i>). SAP GbR became in 1981 fully <i>Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung</i> (<i>Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing</i>) abbreviated SAP <a href="/wiki/GmbH" title="GmbH">GmbH</a> after a five-year transition period beginning in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-early-years_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-early-years-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, it further restructured itself as SAP <a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">AG</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Since 7 July 2014, its corporate structure is that of a pan-European <i><a href="/wiki/Societas_Europaea" title="Societas Europaea">societas Europaea</a></i> (SE);<sup id="cite_ref-SAP_Company_History_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAP_Company_History-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as such, its former German corporate identity is now a subsidiary, SAP Deutschland SE & Co. KG<i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> It has regional offices in 180 countries<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SAP_Company_Information_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAP_Company_Information-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and over 111,961 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SAP is a component of the <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euro_Stoxx_50" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro Stoxx 50">Euro Stoxx 50</a> stock market indices.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_software_companies" title="List of the largest software companies">largest non-American software company by revenue</a> and the world's third-largest publicly traded software company by revenue. As of December 2023, SAP is the largest German company by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-marketcap_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketcap-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAP&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a> exited the computer hardware manufacturing industry in 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it asked <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> to migrate its business systems to IBM technology. As part of IBM's compensation for the migration, IBM was given the rights to the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Data_Systems" title="Scientific Data Systems">Scientific Data Systems (SDS)</a>/SAPE software repository. </p><p>Five IBM engineers from the AI department<sup id="cite_ref-funding_universe_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funding_universe-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-idch_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idch-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Hopp" title="Dietmar Hopp">Dietmar Hopp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Tschira" title="Klaus Tschira">Klaus Tschira</a>, Hans-Werner Hector, <a href="/wiki/Hasso_Plattner" title="Hasso Plattner">Hasso Plattner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Claus_Wellenreuther" title="Claus Wellenreuther">Claus Wellenreuther</a>, all from <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, Baden-Württemberg) were working on an enterprise-wide system based on this software, only to be told that it would no longer be necessary. Rather than abandoning the project, they decided to leave IBM Tech and start another company.<sup id="cite_ref-SAP4ERP#1.NYT2019_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAP4ERP#1.NYT2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-saphistory_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saphistory-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1972 they founded the SAP <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung</i></span> ("System Analysis and Program Development" / "SAPD") company, as a private partnership under the German Civil Code.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their first client was the German branch of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">Imperial Chemical Industries</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C3%96stringen" title="Östringen">Östringen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they developed mainframe programs for payroll and accounting. Instead of storing the data on <a href="/wiki/Punch_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Punch card">punch cards</a> mechanically, as IBM did, they stored it locally in the Electronic System while using a common Logical database for all activities of Organization.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Therefore, they called their software a <a href="/wiki/Real-time_computing" title="Real-time computing">real-time</a> system, since there was no need to process the punch cards overnight (for this reason their flagship product carried an R in its name until the late 1990s). This first version was also a standalone software that could be offered to other interested parties.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, SAP launched its first commercial product, the RF <a href="/wiki/Financial_accounting" title="Financial accounting">financial accounting</a> system. This system served as the cornerstone in the ongoing development of other software modules of the system that eventually bore the name SAP R/1.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This offered a common system for multiple tasks. This permitted the use of a centralized data storage, improving the maintenance of data. From a technical point of view, therefore, a <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> was necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-ErfolgsfaktorenSAP_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ErfolgsfaktorenSAP-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1976 SAP GmbH Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung ("Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing") was founded as a sales and support subsidiary. Five years later, the private partnership was dissolved and its rights were passed on to SAP GmbH.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>The headquarters moved the following year to <a href="/wiki/Walldorf" title="Walldorf">Walldorf</a>, Germany. </p><p>In 1979, SAP launched <a href="/wiki/SAP_R/2" title="SAP R/2">SAP R/2</a>, expanding the capabilities of the system to other areas, such as materials management and <a href="/wiki/Production_planning" title="Production planning">production planning</a>. </p><p>In 1981, SAP brought a re-designed product to market. However, SAP R/2 did not improve until between 1985 and 1990. </p><p>In 1992, SAP released <a href="/wiki/SAP_R/3" title="SAP R/3">SAP R/3</a>. SAP developed and released several versions of R/3 through 1995. </p><p>In August 1988 SAP GmbH became SAP <a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">AG</a>, and public trading started on 4 November 1988. Shares were listed on the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Frankfurt</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rse_Stuttgart" title="Börse Stuttgart">Stuttgart stock exchanges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-saphistory_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saphistory-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, SAP was included in the German stock index <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> and, on 22 September 2003, SAP was included in the <a href="/wiki/STOXX_Europe_50" title="STOXX Europe 50">STOXX Europe 50</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-1990s, SAP transitioned from <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe</a> computing to a <a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">client–server architecture</a>. In 1996 it began its alliance with the Spanish technology consulting firm <a href="/wiki/Seidor_(company)" title="Seidor (company)">Seidor</a>, initiating the expansion of SAP solutions throughout Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, R/3 was replaced with <a href="/wiki/SAP_ERP" title="SAP ERP">SAP ERP</a> Central Component (ECC) 5.0.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Architectural changes were also made to transition customers to a <a href="/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture" title="Service-oriented architecture">service-oriented architecture</a>. </p><p>The company's official name became <i>SAP <a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">AG</a></i> (a public limited company) after the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Annual_general_meeting" title="Annual general meeting">annual general meeting</a>. </p><p>In 2006, SAP ERP 6.0 was released. SAP ERP 6.0 is the latest version has since been updated through SAP enhancement packs, the most recent being enhancement package 8 for SAP ERP 6.0 in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2012 SAP has acquired several companies that sell <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud-based products</a>, with several multi-billion-dollar acquisitions seen by analysts as an attempt to challenge competitor <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016 SAP bought <a href="/wiki/Concur_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Concur Technologies">Concur Technologies</a>, a provider of cloud-based travel and expense management software, for $8.3 billion, SAP's most expensive purchase to that date.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysts' reactions to the purchase were mixed, with Thomas Becker of <a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a> questioning whether Concur was the right choice for SAP, while Credit Suisse called the acquisition an "aggressive" move.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 May 2014, SAP AG announced during the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders that 99% of the shareholder votes approved the conversion of legal form to a European stock corporation (<a href="/wiki/Societas_Europaea" title="Societas Europaea">Societas Europaea</a>, SE) and at the same time, elected the first <a href="/wiki/Supervisory_board" title="Supervisory board">supervisory board</a> of SAP SE. The conversion of the company's legal form would take place upon entry in the commercial register, expected to be in July 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 July 2014, SAP announced it had changed its legal form to a European Company (Societas Europaea, SE). As a result, its German subsidiary was renamed to SAP Deutschland SE & Co. KG.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conversion cost the company approximately €4 million.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014 IBM and SAP began a partnership to sell cloud-based services.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, in 2015, SAP also partnered with <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a> to provide secure hybrid cloud-based services running the SAP platform.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both HPE and IBM provide infrastructure services to SAP, and SAP runs its SAP HANA cloud solution on top. SAP has announced additional partnerships with Microsoft in order to give customers tools for data visualization, as well as improved mobile applications.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since May 2015, the company has dealt with a series of high-profile <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a> investigations,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including one that led to them paying $3.9 million to settle <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> civil charges over a former executive's scheme to bribe Panama government officials in order to win lucrative technology contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SAP exceeded its revenue projections due to the expansion in its cloud business and the success of SAP HANA. The growth can also be partially attributed to the acquisitions of Concur and Fieldglass.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2017, SAP is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/EU_Cloud_Code_of_Conduct" title="EU Cloud Code of Conduct">EU Cloud Code of Conduct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since May 2021 SAP has listed selected Cloud Service adherent to the EU Cloud Code of Conduct as one of the first Cloud Service Providers.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2017 allegations were made that SAP had been involved in business transactions with the controversial and politically influential <a href="/wiki/Gupta_family" title="Gupta family">Gupta family</a> in South Africa. SAP was accused of paying CAD House, a Gupta-controlled company, R100 million in order to secure a <a href="/wiki/Transnet" title="Transnet">Transnet</a> deal. SAP denied the allegations, claiming that the money was paid as "an extension of the sales force", despite CAD House having no prior SAP experience.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dealings of the Gupta family with SAP were revealed in a widely publicized e-mail leak.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence of the allegations SAP launched an investigation that led to four of its South African managers being placed on administrative leave along with the seizure of their mobile phones and computers.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claas Kuehnemann was named as acting managing director for Africa while the investigation continued.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 October 2017 SAP announced that it had voluntarily reported itself to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> (SEC) for a possible violation of US law, including the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a> (FCPA), related to the South African bribery allegations. SAP's own investigation, conducted by law firm <a href="/wiki/Baker_McKenzie" title="Baker McKenzie">Baker McKenzie</a>, revealed that SAP had paid $7.7 million in commissions to third-parties linked to the Gupta family while securing contracts worth $48 million with Transnet and <a href="/wiki/Eskom" title="Eskom">Eskom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company announced plans in 2016 to invest heavily into technology relating to the <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a> (IoT) as part of a strategy to capitalize on the growth in that market. For that purpose, €2 billion is planned for investment in relevant sectors by the end of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAP will also launch a new product line called SAP IoT, which "will combine large amounts of data from things connected to the Internet with machine learning and SAP's real-time database S/4 HANA."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 and in an ongoing court battle, <a href="/wiki/Teradata" title="Teradata">Teradata</a> accused SAP of <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_infringement" title="Intellectual property infringement">IP theft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fraud" title="Fraud">fraudulent</a> behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-:mirror_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:mirror-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:managermagazine1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:managermagazine1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, in the German weekly news magazine <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>, additional claims were made of questionable behaviour with regards to SAP's funding of researchers at the University of Mannheim - who were in effect paid by SAP to investigate competitors technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:mirror_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:mirror-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:tageschau_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:tageschau-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a later article, <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> magazine maintained that SAP had been neglectful in maintaining strict governance for years.<sup id="cite_ref-:mirror2_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:mirror2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2022 the German business magazine <a href="/wiki/Manager_Magazin" title="Manager Magazin">Manager Magazin</a> published an article stating the management style of the leadership might be responsible for an increased <a href="/wiki/Governance,_risk_management,_and_compliance" title="Governance, risk management, and compliance">compliance</a> risk.<sup id="cite_ref-:managermagazine2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:managermagazine2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 January 2019 SAP announced plans to cut approximately 4,000 positions at the company in a strategic plan to shift to more modern cloud-based technologies such as <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quantum_computing" title="Quantum computing">quantum computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_Things" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2019 SAP was accused of 'improper conduct' linked to state contracts in Kenya and Tanzania. An anonymous whistle-blower claims, through a firm of attorneys, that SAP used Twenty Third Century Systems (TTCS) to bribe officials at the Tanzania Ports Authority (TPA) to win a US$6.6 million enterprise resource planning software tender that involved the provision of software licenses and services.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021 SAP admitted in a United States court that it exported software to firms in Iran, contrary to <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">US sanctions against Iran</a>, which led to a fine of $8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 April 2021 SAP announced the formation of the joint venture <i>SAP Fioneer</i>, a dedicated Financial Services Industry (FSI) Unit between SAP and investment company Dediq GmbH.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dediq GmbH invested over €500 million in the newly formed unit and received an 80 percent share in return. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neodumps.com/sap/">SAP</a> brought its products, organizational units and the sales network into the business and holds 20 percent of the shares.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2022, multiple claims were made of <a href="/wiki/Workplace_bullying" title="Workplace bullying">bullying</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> within the company, with many cases of unwanted advances by senior male managers on female colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When complaints were made or information made available, HR were found to be unhelpful or hostile. For example, in one case a female employee was groped by a male manager in Sydney while at a company event, but he was never brought to account. In another case, a female employee was sexually targeted by a manager and asked to keep her web camera on during the day. She then complained and was placed under "performance management" - a precursor to being asked to leave the company.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several female executives, including the Co-CEO left the company, adding to concerns that women were negatively treated, despite SAP then hiring several other senior women from Microsoft.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024 after investigations by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Justice_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Justice Department">U.S. Justice Department</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a>, SAP was ordered to pay $220 million to resolve violations of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a> in South Africa, Indonesia, Tanzania, Malawi, Ghana, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Azerbaijan. It paid bribes to officials in <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">state-owned enterprises</a> to gain government contracts. It entered into a three-year <a href="/wiki/Deferred_prosecution" title="Deferred prosecution">deferred prosecution</a> agreement, paying a criminal penalty of $118.8 million and an administrative forfeiture of $103,396,765.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Africa SAP used third-party intermediaries to acquire tenders from various state-owned entities, including <a href="/wiki/Transnet" title="Transnet">Transnet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Revenue_Service" title="South African Revenue Service">South African Revenue Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality">City of Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eskom" title="Eskom">Eskom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Water_and_Sanitation" title="Department of Water and Sanitation">Department of Water and Sanitation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup> In March 2024, SAP agreed to pay <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a>500 million as part of an agreement with South Africa's <a href="/wiki/Special_Investigating_Unit" title="Special Investigating Unit">Special Investigating Unit</a>. The agreement indemnifies them against further financial claims related to the bribery, but does not absolve any parties from criminal prosecution.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 3, 2024 it was announced that CTO and Executive Board Member Juergen Mueller reached a mutual agreement to leave the company by the end of the month due to incident of inappropriate behavior at a company event.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the news of this incident it was reported on September 13, 2024 that German prosecutors have opened a formal investigation of sexual harassment between him and the female employee.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquisitions">Acquisitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAP&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Acquisitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_SAP" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by SAP">List of mergers and acquisitions by SAP</a></div> <p>Since 1991, SAP has acquired more than 70 companies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAP&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_SAP_products" title="List of SAP products">List of SAP products</a></div> <p>As well as its main ERP products, the company also sells <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> software and technology (particularly its own brand, <a href="/wiki/SAP_HANA" title="SAP HANA">SAP HANA</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud-engineered systems</a>. It sells other ERP software products<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_capital_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Human capital management">Human capital management</a> (HCM) software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customer_relationship_management" title="Customer relationship management">Customer relationship management</a> (CRM) software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_performance_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise performance management">Enterprise performance management</a> (EPM) software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_lifecycle_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Product lifecycle management">Product lifecycle management</a> (PLM) software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplier_relationship_management" title="Supplier relationship management">Supplier relationship management</a> (SRM) software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_management" title="Supply chain management">Supply chain management</a> (SCM) software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Cloud_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP Cloud Platform">Business technology platform</a> (BTP) software</li> <li>The SAP AppGyver <a href="/wiki/Programming_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming environment">programming environment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finances">Finances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAP&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Finances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Sales by region (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>share </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>32.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EMEA" class="mw-redirect" title="EMEA">EMEA</a> (without Germany) </td> <td>29.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td>15.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific</a> (without Japan) </td> <td>10.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> (without US) </td> <td>8.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Japan </td> <td>4.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For the fiscal year 2017 SAP reported earnings of €4 billion, with an annual revenue of €23.5 billion, an increase of 6.3% over the previous fiscal cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAP's shares traded at over US$154 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$180 billion in December 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the largest German company by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-marketcap_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketcap-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The key trends for SAP are (as at the financial year ending 31 March):<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Revenue<br />(€ bn) </th> <th>Net income<br />(€ bn) </th> <th>Total assets<br />(€ bn) </th> <th>Employees </th> <th>Sources </th></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>16.8 </td> <td>3.3 </td> <td>27.0 </td> <td>66,572 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>17.5 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td>38.5 </td> <td>74,406 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>20.7 </td> <td>3.0 </td> <td>41.3 </td> <td>76,986 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>22.0 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td>44.2 </td> <td>84,183 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>23.4 </td> <td>4.0 </td> <td>42.4 </td> <td>88,543 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>24.7 </td> <td>4.0 </td> <td>51.5 </td> <td>96,498 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>27.5 </td> <td>3.3 </td> <td>60.2 </td> <td>100,330 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>27.3 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td>58.4 </td> <td>103,876 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>27.8 </td> <td>5.2 </td> <td>71.1 </td> <td>107,415 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>30.8 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td>72.1 </td> <td>111,961 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>31.2 </td> <td>6.1 </td> <td>38.2 </td> <td>106,043 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_structure_and_ownership">Corporate structure and ownership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAP&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Corporate structure and ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SAP had the following ownership structure in early 2024:<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Shareholder" title="Shareholder">Shareholder</a> name </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hasso_Plattner" title="Hasso Plattner">Hasso Plattner</a> </td> <td>6.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BlackRock,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="BlackRock, Inc.">BlackRock, Inc.</a> </td> <td>5.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Hopp" title="Dietmar Hopp">Dietmar Hopp</a> Stiftung GmbH </td> <td>5.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td>SAP SE </td> <td>5.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capital_Group_Companies" title="Capital Group Companies">Capital Group Companies Inc.</a> </td> <td>3.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Tschira_Foundation" title="Klaus Tschira Foundation">Klaus Tschira Stiftung gGmbH</a> </td> <td>3.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> </td> <td>0.39% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Public_float" title="Public float">Free float</a> </td> <td>70.53% </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="/wiki/SAP_and_unions" title="SAP and unions">SAP and unions</a>.</div> <p>SAP uses a two-tier structure of boards with an <a href="/wiki/Vorstand" title="Vorstand">executive board</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Supervisory_board" title="Supervisory board">supervisory board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2019 <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Morgan" title="Jennifer Morgan">Jennifer Morgan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Klein" title="Christian Klein">Christian Klein</a> were appointed as co-<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEOs</a> of SAP.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020 it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Morgan" title="Jennifer Morgan">Jennifer Morgan</a> will leave SAP and Christian Klein will continue to operate as the sole CEO, citing that the current environment of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a> requires "companies to take swift, determined action which is best supported by a very clear leadership structure".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the company's employees are in Germany and United States. About 20,000 employees are based in Germany<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and about 19,311 employees are based in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>45 employee representatives were elected in 2022 to the SAP <i>SE Works Council</i>, including 15 candidates from the <a href="/wiki/Ver.di" title="Ver.di">Ver.di</a> and <a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a> trade union lists. They represent 17,000 employees of Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Headquarters is responsible for overall management as well as core engineering activities related to product development. Worldwide customer support is not provided by the field organizations but by a unified organization called Active Global Support (AGS).<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company also encourages employees to volunteer through social sabbaticals, sending teams of people to different countries to aid non-profits. SAP employees have volunteered in China, India, Brazil, and South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_and_development">Research and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAP&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Research and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SAP Labs are research and development locations that develop and improve SAP core products. SAP Labs are strategically located in high-tech clusters around the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-SapLab.India_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SapLab.India-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The four most prominent labs of SAP SE are located in Germany, Japan, Israel and the US. Labs Walldorf was founded in 1972 and became SAP's primary location. At the beginning, the focus of SAP's expansion was entering highly developed IT markets; in 1993, Palo Alto became a part of SAP Labs. Aiming to acquire talented employees, SAP opened another lab in Bangalore in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-SapLab.India_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SapLab.India-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SAP Research is the global <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> research unit of <a href="/wiki/SAP_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP SE">SAP SE</a> with a network of 21 research locations worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each center is located in close proximity to an SAP development center or on a university campus. The group significantly contributes to SAP's product portfolio and extends its leading position in the market by identifying and shaping emerging IT trends and generating breakthrough technologies through applied research. In contrast to SAP's product groups and development labs that work on new functions and releases, its researchers explore opportunities that have not yet been developed into products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAP&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ERP_software_packages" title="List of ERP software packages">List of ERP software packages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SAP_products" title="List of SAP products">List of SAP products</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAP&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-supervisory_board-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-supervisory_board_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sap.com/investors/en/governance/supervisory-board.html">"Supervisory Board SAP SE"</a>. 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SAP Global Communications. 28 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAP%3A+The+World%27s+Largest+Provider+of+Enterprise+Application+Software&rft.pub=SAP+Global+Communications&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.cdn.sap.com%2Fsapcom%2Fdocs%2F2017%2F04%2F4666ecdd-b67c-0010-82c7-eda71af511fa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASAP" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-early-years-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-early-years_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sap.com/about/company/history/1972-1980.html">"The early years: 1972–1980"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Business+School&rft.atitle=SAP+AG%3A+Orchestrating+the+Ecosystem&rft.volume=609-069&rft.date=2009-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1408558%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Iansiti&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.au=Lakhani%2C+Karim+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1408558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASAP" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeissner2000" class="citation book cs1">Meissner, Gerd (2000). <i>SAP: Inside the Secret Software Power</i>. <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-00-71347-85-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-00-71347-85-3"><bdi>978-00-71347-85-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SAP%3A+Inside+the+Secret+Software+Power&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-00-71347-85-3&rft.aulast=Meissner&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASAP" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRegan2015" class="citation book cs1">Regan, Gerard O’ (2015). <i>SAP SE. In: Pillars of Computing</i>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Nature Switzerland AG.</a> pp. <span class="nowrap">189–</span>194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-21464-1_29">10.1007/978-3-319-21464-1_29</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-21463-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-21463-4"><bdi>978-3-319-21463-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SAP+SE.+In%3A+Pillars+of+Computing&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E189-%3C%2Fspan%3E194&rft.pub=Springer+Nature+Switzerland+AG.&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-21464-1_29&rft.isbn=978-3-319-21463-4&rft.aulast=Regan&rft.aufirst=Gerard+O%E2%80%99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASAP" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAP&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sap.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" 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selflink">SAP</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Hopp" title="Dietmar Hopp">Dietmar Hopp</a></li> <li>Hans-Werner Hector</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasso_Plattner" title="Hasso Plattner">Hasso Plattner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Tschira" title="Klaus Tschira">Klaus Tschira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Wellenreuther" title="Claus Wellenreuther">Claus Wellenreuther</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SAP_2011_logo.svg/120px-SAP_2011_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SAP_2011_logo.svg/250px-SAP_2011_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="225" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">Board of <br />directors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasso_Plattner" title="Hasso Plattner">Hasso Plattner</a> (<i>Chairman</i>)</li> <li>Lars Lamadé (<i>Deputy Chairman</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekka_Ala-Pietil%C3%A4" title="Pekka Ala-Pietilä">Pekka Ala-Pietilä</a></li> <li>Thomas Bamberger</li> <li>Panagiotis Bissiritsas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Haarmann" title="Wilhelm Haarmann">Wilhelm Haarmann</a></li> <li>Peter Koop</li> <li>Christiane Kuntz-Mayr</li> <li>Bernard Liautaud</li> <li>Gerhard Maier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Mehdorn" title="Hartmut Mehdorn">Hartmut Mehdorn</a></li> <li>Hans-Bernd Meier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Milberg" title="Joachim Milberg">Joachim Milberg</a></li> <li>Erhard Schipporeit</li> <li>Stefan Schulz</li> <li>Klaus Wucherer</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Klein" title="Christian Klein">Christian Klein</a> (<i>CEO</i>)</li> <li>Adaire Fox-Martin (<i>Global Customer Operations</i>)</li> <li>Luka Mucic (<i>CFO</i>)</li> <li>Juergen Mueller (<i>Co-CTO</i>)</li> <li>Thomas Saueressig (<i>Co-CTO</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_HANA" title="SAP HANA">SAP HANA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP_NetWeaver" title="SAP NetWeaver">SAP Netweaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture" title="Service-oriented architecture">Service-oriented architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_modelling" title="Enterprise modelling">Enterprise modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_lifecycle_management" title="Application lifecycle management">Application lifecycle management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_mobility_management" title="Enterprise mobility management">Enterprise mobility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Corporate/EMEA headquarters: <a href="/wiki/Walldorf" title="Walldorf">Walldorf, Germany</a></li> <li>Americas HQ: <a href="/wiki/Newtown_Township,_Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Newtown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Newtown Square, USA</a></li> <li>Asia-Pacific HQ: <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major SAP Labs <br />locations (R&D)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore, India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo" title="São Leopoldo">São Leopoldo, Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27anana" title="Ra'anana">Ra'anana, Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai, China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Antipolis" title="Sophia Antipolis">Sophia Antipolis, France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal, Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acquisitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Ariba" title="SAP Ariba">Ariba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Concur" title="SAP Concur">Concur Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BusinessObjects" title="BusinessObjects">BusinessObjects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuccessFactors" class="mw-redirect" title="SuccessFactors">SuccessFactors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybase" title="Sybase">Sybase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulia" class="mw-redirect" title="Taulia">Taulia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sponsorships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Roddick" title="Andy Roddick">Andy Roddick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Creamer" title="Paula Creamer">Paula Creamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Els" title="Ernie Els">Ernie Els</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Center" title="SAP Center">SAP Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Championships" title="Pacific Coast Championships">SAP Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">San Jose Sharks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Open_(tennis)" title="Miami Open (tennis)">Miami Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribeca_Festival" title="Tribeca Festival">Tribeca Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSG_1899_Hoffenheim" title="TSG 1899 Hoffenheim">TSG 1899 Hoffenheim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americas%27_SAP_Users%27_Group" title="Americas' SAP Users' Group">Americas' SAP Users' Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSAP" title="OpenSAP">openSAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP_employee_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP employee representation">SAP employee representation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/EURO_STOXX_50" title="EURO STOXX 50">EURO STOXX 50</a> companies of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Euro Area</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Last updated: 18 September 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyen" title="Adyen">Adyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahold_Delhaize" title="Ahold Delhaize">Ahold Delhaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Liquide" title="Air Liquide">Air Liquide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allianz" title="Allianz">Allianz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB_InBev" title="AB InBev">Anheuser-Busch InBev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASML_Holding" title="ASML Holding">ASML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axa" title="Axa">Axa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Bilbao_Vizcaya_Argentaria" title="Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria">BBVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danone" title="Danone">Danone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHL_Group" title="DHL Group">DHL Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enel" title="Enel">Enel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EssilorLuxottica" title="EssilorLuxottica">EssilorLuxottica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutter_Entertainment" title="Flutter Entertainment">Flutter Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s" title="Hermès">Hermès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberdrola" title="Iberdrola">Iberdrola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inditex" title="Inditex">Inditex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_Technologies" title="Infineon Technologies">Infineon Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING_Group" title="ING Group">ING Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intesa_Sanpaolo" title="Intesa Sanpaolo">Intesa Sanpaolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kering" title="Kering">Kering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al" title="L'Oréal">L'Oréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVMH" title="LVMH">LVMH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Re" title="Munich Re">Munich Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordea" title="Nordea">Nordea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernod_Ricard" title="Pernod Ricard">Pernod Ricard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosus" title="Prosus">Prosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safran" title="Safran">Safran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gobain" title="Saint-Gobain">Saint-Gobain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi" title="Sanofi">Sanofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Santander" title="Banco Santander">Santander</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider_Electric" title="Schneider Electric">Schneider Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinci_SA" title="Vinci SA">Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_DAX_companies_of_Germany118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DAX_companies" title="Template:DAX companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DAX_companies" title="Template talk:DAX companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DAX_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DAX companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_DAX_companies_of_Germany118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> companies of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allianz" title="Allianz">Allianz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiersdorf" title="Beiersdorf">Beiersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenntag" title="Brenntag">Brenntag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covestro" title="Covestro">Covestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHL_Group" title="DHL Group">DHL Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.ON" title="E.ON">E.ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresenius_(company)" title="Fresenius (company)">Fresenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannover_Re" title="Hannover Re">Hannover Rück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Materials" title="Heidelberg Materials">Heidelberg Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henkel" title="Henkel">Henkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_Technologies" title="Infineon Technologies">Infineon Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merck_Group" title="Merck Group">Merck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTU_Aero_Engines" title="MTU Aero Engines">MTU Aero Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Re" title="Munich Re">Munich Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_SE" title="Porsche SE">Porsche SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiagen" title="Qiagen">Qiagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWE" title="RWE">RWE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartorius_AG" title="Sartorius AG">Sartorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Energy" title="Siemens Energy">Siemens Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Healthineers" title="Siemens Healthineers">Siemens Healthineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symrise" title="Symrise">Symrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonovia" title="Vonovia">Vonovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalando" title="Zalando">Zalando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="24px_TecDAX_companies_of_Germany_updated_11.02.202499" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TecDAX_companies" title="Template:TecDAX companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TecDAX_companies" title="Template talk:TecDAX companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TecDAX_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TecDAX companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="24px_TecDAX_companies_of_Germany_updated_11.02.202499" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/24px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/36px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/TecDAX" title="TecDAX">TecDAX</a> companies of Germany <small>updated 11.02.2024</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1%261_Drillisch" class="mw-redirect" title="1&1 Drillisch">1&1 Drillisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adtran" title="Adtran">Adtran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aixtron" title="Aixtron">Aixtron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoss" title="Atoss">Atoss Software AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechtle" title="Bechtle">Bechtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancom_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancom AG">Cancom AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Zeiss_Meditec" title="Carl Zeiss Meditec">Carl Zeiss Meditec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CompuGroup_Medical_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="CompuGroup Medical SE">CompuGroup Medical SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energiekontor_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Energiekontor AG">Energiekontor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evotec" title="Evotec">Evotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freenet_AG" title="Freenet AG">Freenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hensoldt" title="Hensoldt">Hensoldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_Technologies" title="Infineon Technologies">Infineon Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenoptik" title="Jenoptik">Jenoptik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontron" title="Kontron">Kontron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MorphoSys" title="MorphoSys">MorphoSys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarro_SE" title="Nagarro SE">Nagarro SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetschek" title="Nemetschek">Nemetschek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordex" title="Nordex">Nordex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNE_AG" title="PNE AG">PNE AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiagen" title="Qiagen">Qiagen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartorius_AG" title="Sartorius AG">Sartorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Healthineers" title="Siemens Healthineers">Siemens Healthineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltronic" title="Siltronic">Siltronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMA_Solar_Technology" title="SMA Solar Technology">SMA Solar Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeamViewer_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="TeamViewer AG">TeamViewer AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Internet" title="United Internet">United Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbio" title="Verbio">Verbio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philadelphia-area_corporations_(including_the_Delaware_Valley)784" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philadelphia_Corporations" title="Template:Philadelphia Corporations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philadelphia_Corporations" title="Template talk:Philadelphia Corporations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philadelphia_Corporations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philadelphia Corporations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philadelphia-area_corporations_(including_the_Delaware_Valley)784" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_the_Philadelphia_area" title="List of companies based in the Philadelphia area">Philadelphia-area corporations</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_the_Philadelphia_area" title="List of companies based in the Philadelphia area">List of companies based in the Philadelphia area</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a><br />corporations <span class="nobold">(rank in the 2017 list)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> (31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramark" title="Aramark">Aramark</a> (192)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Holdings" title="Crown Holdings">Crown Holdings</a> (333)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a><br />corporations <span class="nobold">(rank in the 2017 list)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmerisourceBergen" class="mw-redirect" title="AmerisourceBergen">AmerisourceBergen</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> (113)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_National_Corporation" title="Lincoln National Corporation">Lincoln National Corporation</a> (207)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Health_Services" title="Universal Health Services">Universal Health Services</a> (276)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Soup_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbell Soup Company">Campbell Soup</a> (339)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGI_Corporation" title="UGI Corporation">UGI</a> (457)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_(department_store)" title="Burlington (department store)">Burlington Stores</a> (463)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;">Other notable Philadelphia-based<br />businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amoroso%27s_Baking_Company" title="Amoroso's Baking Company">Amoroso's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemtura" title="Chemtura">Chemtura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_%26_Zimmermann" title="Day & Zimmermann">Day & Zimmermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMC_Corporation" title="FMC Corporation">FMC Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Blue_Cross" title="Independence Blue Cross">Independence Blue Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pep_Boys" title="Pep Boys">Pep Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Media_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Media Network">Philadelphia Media Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PREIT" title="PREIT">PREIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radian_Group" title="Radian Group">Radian Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Outfitters" title="Urban Outfitters">Urban Outfitters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;">Notable Philadelphia-based<br />professional partnerships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballard_Spahr" title="Ballard Spahr">Ballard Spahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blank_Rome" title="Blank Rome">Blank Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozen_O%27Connor" title="Cozen O'Connor">Cozen O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechert" title="Dechert">Dechert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinker_Biddle_%26_Reath" class="mw-redirect" title="Drinker Biddle & Reath">Drinker Biddle & Reath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Morris" title="Duane Morris">Duane Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan,_Lewis_%26_Bockius" title="Morgan, Lewis & Bockius">Morgan, Lewis & Bockius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepper Hamilton">Pepper Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Ewing" title="Saul Ewing">Saul Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Williams" title="White and Williams">White and Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;">Other notable Delaware<br />Valley-based businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actua_Corporation" title="Actua Corporation">Actua Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airgas" title="Airgas">Airgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlliedBarton" title="AlliedBarton">AlliedBarton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ametek" title="Ametek">Ametek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqua America">Aqua America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asplundh_Tree_Expert_Company" title="Asplundh Tree Expert Company">Asplundh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Systems" title="Bentley Systems">Bentley Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandywine_Realty_Trust" title="Brandywine Realty Trust">Brandywine Realty Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boscov%27s" title="Boscov's">Boscov's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenter_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpenter Technology">Carpenter Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalon" title="Cephalon">Cephalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemours" title="Chemours">Chemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiana_Care_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Christiana Care Health System">Christiana Care Health System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozer_Keystone_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Crozer Keystone Health System">Crozer Keystone Health System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David%27s_Bridal" title="David's Bridal">David's Bridal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuckDuckGo" title="DuckDuckGo">DuckDuckGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPAM_Systems" title="EPAM Systems">EPAM Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnerSys" title="EnerSys">EnerSys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Property_Trust" title="Liberty Property Trust">Liberty Property Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Entertainment" title="Penn Entertainment">Penn Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Mutual" title="Penn Mutual">Penn Mutual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita%27s_Italian_Ice" title="Rita's Italian Ice">Rita's Italian Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEI_Investments" class="mw-redirect" title="SEI Investments">SEI Investments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLM_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="SLM Corporation">SLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_International_Group" title="Susquehanna International Group">Susquehanna International Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard Group">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_Brothers" title="Toll Brothers">Toll Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Group" title="Triumph Group">Triumph Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViroPharma" title="ViroPharma">ViroPharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishay_Intertechnology" title="Vishay Intertechnology">Vishay Intertechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VWR_International" title="VWR International">VWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawa_(company)" title="Wawa (company)">Wawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_Trust" title="Wilmington Trust">Wilmington Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._L._Gore_%26_Associates" title="W. L. Gore & Associates">W. L. Gore & Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSFS_Bank" title="WSFS Bank">WSFS Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;">Notable Delaware Valley-based<br />US headquarters of<br />foreign businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Asset_Management" title="Aberdeen Asset Management">Aberdeen Asset Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland" title="AgustaWestland">AgustaWestland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chubb_Limited" title="Chubb Limited">Chubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Investments" title="Delaware Investments">Delaware Investments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc" title="GSK plc">GSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marfrig" title="Marfrig">Keystone Foods</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_Healthineers" title="Siemens Healthineers">Siemens Healthineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_(pharmaceutical_company)" title="Shire (pharmaceutical company)">Shire Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_of_America" title="Subaru of America">Subaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teva_Pharmaceuticals" title="Teva Pharmaceuticals">Teva Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD_Bank,_N.A." class="mw-redirect" title="TD Bank, N.A.">TD Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;">Notable Delaware Valley-based<br />division headquarters of<br />US corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acme_Markets" title="Acme Markets">Acme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cerberus_Capital_Management" title="Cerberus Capital Management">Cerberus Capital Management</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centocor" class="mw-redirect" title="Centocor">Centocor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Penn" title="Colonial Penn">Colonial Penn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conseco" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseco">Conseco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmarva_Power" title="Delmarva Power">Delmarva Power</a> (<a href="/wiki/Exelon" title="Exelon">Exelon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSI_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="GSI Commerce">GSI Commerce</a> (<a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Hercules Inc">Hercules</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ashland_Global" title="Ashland Global">Ashland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAB_Paints" title="MAB Paints">MAB Paints</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sherwin-Williams" title="Sherwin-Williams">Sherwin-Williams</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McNeil_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="McNeil Laboratories">McNeil Laboratories</a> (Johnson & Johnson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoware" title="Neoware">Neoware</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PECO_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="PECO Energy">PECO</a> (<a href="/wiki/Exelon" title="Exelon">Exelon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberty_Media" title="Liberty Media">Liberty Media</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohm_%26_Haas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohm & Haas">Rohm & Haas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dow_Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Dow Chemical">Dow Chemical</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunGard" title="SunGard">SunGard</a> (<a href="/wiki/FIS_(company)" title="FIS (company)">FIS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tastykake" title="Tastykake">Tasty Baking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flowers_Foods" title="Flowers Foods">Flowers Foods</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_software_companies278" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_software_companies" title="Template:Major software companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_software_companies" title="Template talk:Major software companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_software_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major software companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_software_companies278" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with annual software revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_IT_Group" title="Amadeus IT Group">Amadeus IT Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrix_Systems" title="Citrix Systems">Citrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIS_(company)" title="FIS (company)">FIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infor" title="Infor">Infor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_Software" title="Quest Software">Quest Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Group" title="Sage Group">Sage Group</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_technology_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest technology companies by revenue">Largest IT companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_software_companies" title="List of the largest software companies">Largest software companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Software_companies" title="Category:Software companies">Category:Software companies</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552581#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1041" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552581#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1041" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552581#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405535872">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157404258">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1067150072">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no96014747">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="SAP AG"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osa2010542079&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007270754805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/20px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/40px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/20px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/40px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/21px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/42px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=SAP&params=49.2938_N_8.6396_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°17′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°38′23″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.2938°N 8.6396°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.2938; 8.6396</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SAP&oldid=1281197035">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SAP&oldid=1281197035</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:SAP_SE" title="Category:SAP SE">SAP SE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1972_establishments_in_West_Germany" title="Category:1972 establishments in West Germany">1972 establishments in West Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1972_in_computing" title="Category:1972 in computing">1972 in computing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1978_in_computing" title="Category:1978 in computing">1978 in computing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Banking_software_companies" title="Category:Banking software companies">Banking software companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Business_software" title="Category:Business software">Business software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Business_intelligence_companies" title="Category:Business intelligence companies">Business intelligence companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cloud_computing_providers" title="Category:Cloud computing providers">Cloud computing providers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cloud_applications" 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