The Four Factors of FAIR USE - Copyright and Intellectual Property

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <title>The Four Factors of FAIR USE - Copyright and Intellectual Property - LibGuides at Wesleyan University</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">    <meta name="DC.Title" content="LibGuides: Copyright and Intellectual Property: The Four Factors of FAIR USE"/> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Joy C. 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class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-1" class="col-md-12"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-18525112" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-18525112"><div id="s-lg-box-15718961-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-15718961" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Understanding Fair Use</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-15718961" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-34333024" class=" clearfix"> <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Four factors</strong> are used as a guideline when considering whether the use of a work is "fair use." </span><span style="font-size:14px;"></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><em><strong><a href="http://fairuseweek.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/ARL-FUW-Infographic-r4.pdf" target="_blank">Download a Fair Use infographic</a></strong></em></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14px;">The four factors are:</span></p> <ul style="margin-left: 40px;"> <li><span style="font-size:14px;">the <strong>purpose and character</strong> <strong>of the use</strong>, which includes whether the use is for nonprofit educational purposes or commercial in nature, as well as whether the work is transformed in some manner or simply reproduced (see <strong>Transformativeness</strong> below);</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:14px;">the <strong>nature of the copyrighted work</strong>, such as whether it is technical vs. artistic, factual vs. imaginative, and published vs. unpublished (Fair Use favors technical, factual, published works);</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:14px;">the <strong>amount and substantiality of the portion used</strong> in relation to the whole, however, use of even a small portion of the work may violate Fair Use if that portion is the "heart" of the work;</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:14px;">the <strong>effect of the use on the market</strong> which includes competition with the original work that may deprive the copyright owner of income, or that undermines a new or potential market for the copyrighted work.</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:14px;">Simply providing an acknowledgement of a work does not make it permissible to use that work or a portion of it. One example is using an image from a book or magazine and including the name of the photographer or artist. Acknowledgment of the source material does not protect against an infringement claim. Risk<span style="font-size:14px;"> of infringement exists even when you make use of personal photographs of textual or visual works produced by others. </span>If you have any doubt about the right to use, the best approach is to seek the permission of the copyright owner.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Transformativeness</strong> is defined by whether 1) value is added to the original by creating new information, new aesthetics, new insights and understandings, and 2) whether the material taken from the original work has been transformed by adding new expression or meaning. Parody is a common example of transformative use.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The University of </span><span style="font-size:14px;">Minnesota</span> has a <strong><a href="http://www.lib.umn.edu/copyright/fairuse" target="_blank">helpful discussion</a></strong> of <strong>Fair Use</strong> that includes example scenarios.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> <ul id="s-lg-page-prevnext" class="pager s-lib-hide"><li class="previous"><a href="https://libguides.wesleyan.edu/c.php?g=679943&p=4841740"><< <strong>Previous:</strong> Intended use, exemptions & infringements</a></li><li class="next"><a href="https://libguides.wesleyan.edu/c.php?g=679943&p=4997264"><strong>Next:</strong> The TEACH Act >></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="s-lib-footer-public" class="s-lib-footer footer container s-lib-side-borders"> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-meta" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med clearfix"> <ul id="s-lg-guide-header-attributes" class=""> <li id="s-lg-guide-header-updated" class="s-lg-h-separator"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Last Updated:</span> <span class="s-lg-text-greyout">Jan 16, 2025 9:59 AM</span> </li> <li id="s-lg-guide-header-url" class="s-lg-h-separator"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">URL:</span> <span class="s-lg-text-greyout">https://libguides.wesleyan.edu/copyright_ip</span> </li> <li id="s-lg-guide-print-url"> <a href="javascript: window.print();"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true" title="Print Page"></i> Print Page</a> </li> </ul> <div id="s-lib-footer-login-link" class="pull-right pad-right-med"> <a href="https://wesleyan.libapps.com/libapps/login.php?site_id=6488&target64=L2xpYmd1aWRlcy9hZG1pbl9jLnBocD9nPTY3OTk0MyZwPTQ4NDE1NDQ=">Library Staff Login</a> </div> </div> <div class="pad-bottom-sm clearfix"> <div id="s-lib-footer-support-link" class="pull-right pad-right-med"> <a href="https://wesleyanedu.service-now.com/sp?id=sc_cat_item&sys_id=87fadfa1db32e340b81b1be3159619b0&sysparm_category=619d9ff0db8fe700b81b1be3159619b0&sysparm_access=LibGuides">Report a problem</a> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-subjects" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med pad-right-med pull-left"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Subjects: </span><span class="s-lg-small bold"><a href="https://libguides.wesleyan.edu/sb.php?subject_id=78895">General</a></span> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-tags" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med"> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="s-lib-scroll-top"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="jQuery('body').focus();" title="Back to Top" aria-label="Back to Top"> <span class="fa-stack fa-lg" aria-hidden="true"> <i class="fa fa-square-o fa-stack-2x"></i> <i class="fa fa-angle-double-up fa-stack-1x" style="position:relative; bottom:2px;"></i> </span> </a> </div>  <div id="s-lib-alert" title=""><div id="s-lib-alert-content"></div></div> </body> </html>

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The Four Factors of FAIR USE - Copyright and Intellectual Property - LibGuides at Wesleyan University