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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gondi people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="شعب غوندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب غوندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="গোণ্ড জাতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গোণ্ড জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Гонды – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гонды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonds" title="Gonds – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gonds" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gond" title="Gond – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gond" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gond" title="Gond – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gond" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Γκόντι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκόντι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gond" title="Gond – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gond" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonds_(peuple)" title="Gonds (peuple) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gonds (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF)" title="गोंड (जनजाति) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गोंड (जनजाति)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondi" title="Gondi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gondi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gond" title="Gond – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gond" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гондтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гондтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondai" title="Gondai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gondai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗോണ്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗോണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="गोंड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गोंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF)" title="गोंड (जनजाति) – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गोंड (जनजाति)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%97%8F" title="ゴンド族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゴンド族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gond" title="Gond – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gond" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondlar" title="Gondlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gondlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਗੋਂਡ ਲੋਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੋਂਡ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%88_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="گونڈ لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گونڈ لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondowie" title="Gondowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gondowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondis" title="Gondis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gondis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Гонды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гонды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱜᱳᱱᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱳᱱᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondi" title="Gondi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gondi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondit" title="Gondit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gondit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondfolket" title="Gondfolket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gondfolket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கோண்டு மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோண்டு மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="గోండు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గోండు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Гондҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гондҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Гонди (народ) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гонди (народ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gondi+people%22">"Gondi people"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gondi+people%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gondi+people%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gondi+people%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gondi+people%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gondi+people%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Gondi people</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="[[Gondi language|Gondi]]">Gōṇḍī<br />Kōītōr</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_in_adivasi_village,_Umaria_district,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Women_in_adivasi_village%2C_Umaria_district%2C_India.jpg/220px-Women_in_adivasi_village%2C_Umaria_district%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Women_in_adivasi_village%2C_Umaria_district%2C_India.jpg/330px-Women_in_adivasi_village%2C_Umaria_district%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Women_in_adivasi_village%2C_Umaria_district%2C_India.jpg/440px-Women_in_adivasi_village%2C_Umaria_district%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gondi women in <a href="/wiki/Umaria_district" title="Umaria district">Umaria district</a>, India</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circa#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:circa">c.</a><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 13 million</span><sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,093,124<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,298,404<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,618,090<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></th><td class="infobox-data">888,581<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">569,035<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></th><td class="infobox-data">304,537<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></th><td class="infobox-data">256,738<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></th><td class="infobox-data">158,243<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></th><td class="infobox-data">53,676<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,535<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,965<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,267<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Gondi_language" title="Gondi language">Gondi</a> • Regional languages</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Koyapunem">Koyapunem</a> with <a href="/wiki/Folk_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk Hinduism">significant influence</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Dravidian people">Dravidian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Muria_people" title="Muria people">Muria people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Madia_Gond" title="Madia Gond">Madia Gond</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Gondi</b> (<b>Gōṇḍī</b>) or <b>Gond</b> people, who refer to themselves as "<b>Kōītōr</b>" (<b>Kōī, Kōītōr</b>), are an <a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistic_group" title="Ethnolinguistic group">ethnolinguistic group</a> in India.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their native language, <a href="/wiki/Gondi_language" title="Gondi language">Gondi</a>, belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian family</a>. They are spread over the states of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Odisha" title="Western Odisha">Odisha</a>. They are listed as a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Tribe">Scheduled Tribe</a> for the purpose of India's <a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">system of reservation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-list_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gond have formed many kingdoms of historical significance. <a href="/wiki/Gondwana_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondwana Kingdom">Gondwana</a> was the ruling kingdom in the <a href="/wiki/Gondwana_(India)" title="Gondwana (India)">Gondwana</a> region of India. This includes the eastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Vidarbha" title="Vidarbha">Vidarbha</a> of Maharashtra. The <a href="/wiki/Garha_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Garha Kingdom">Garha Kingdom</a> includes the parts of Madhya Pradesh immediately to the north of it and parts of western Chhattisgarh. The wider region extends beyond these, also including parts of northern Telangana, western Odisha, and southern Uttar Pradesh. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gondi_language" title="Gondi language">Gondi</a> is claimed to be related to the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu language</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 Census of India</a> recorded about 2.4 million speakers of Gondi as a macrolanguage and 2.91 million speakers of languages within the Gondi subgroup, including languages such as Maria (also known as Maadiya Gond).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Gonds also speak regionally dominant languages such as <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, and Telugu. </p><p>According to the 1971 census, the Gondi population was 5.01 million. By the 1991 census, this had increased to 9.3 million<sup id="cite_ref-verma_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verma-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2017)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and by 2001, the figure was nearly 11 million. For the past few decades, the group has been witness to the <a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a>, in India.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gondi people, at the behest of the Chhattisgarh government, formed the <a href="/wiki/Salwa_Judum" title="Salwa Judum">Salwa Judum</a>, an armed militant group, to fight the Naxalite insurgency. This was disbanded by order of the Supreme Court of India on 5 July 2011, however.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of the name Gond, used by outsiders, is still uncertain. Some believe the word to derive from the Dravidian <i>kond</i>, meaning hill, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Khonds" title="Khonds">Khonds</a> of Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another theory, according to Vol. 3 of the <i>Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life</i>, is that the name was given to them by the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_dynasty" title="Mughal dynasty">Mughal dynasty</a> of the 16th–18th centuries. It was the Mughals who first used the term "Gond", meaning "hill people", to refer to the group.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gonds call themselves Koitur (Kōītōr) or Koi (Kōī), which also has no definitive origin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gondi_tribe_percent_by_districts_2011_census.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Gondi_tribe_percent_by_districts_2011_census.png/220px-Gondi_tribe_percent_by_districts_2011_census.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Gondi_tribe_percent_by_districts_2011_census.png/330px-Gondi_tribe_percent_by_districts_2011_census.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Gondi_tribe_percent_by_districts_2011_census.png/440px-Gondi_tribe_percent_by_districts_2011_census.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a><figcaption>Percentage of Gondi tribes by districts in the 2011 census</figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of the Gonds is unclear. Some researchers have claimed that the Gonds were a collection of disparate tribes that adopted a proto-Gondi language as a mother tongue from a class of rulers, originally speaking various pre-<a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there is an affinity between Gonds and <a href="/wiki/Munda_peoples" title="Munda peoples">Munda peoples</a>, researchers point to a more complex event involving language shift through a Dravidian linguistic expansion, rather than a recent event of Gondi replacing a North Munda language, hence supporting distinct origins for these two groups.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Vane_Russell" title="Robert Vane Russell">R. V. Russell</a> believed the Gonds came into <a href="/wiki/Gondwana_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondwana Kingdom">Gondwana</a> from the <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">south</a>: up the Godavari into <a href="/wiki/Vidarbha" title="Vidarbha">Vidarbha</a>, from there up the <a href="/wiki/Indravati_River" title="Indravati River">Indravati</a> into <a href="/wiki/Bastar_division" title="Bastar division">Bastar</a>, and up the Wardha and Wainganga into the <a href="/wiki/Satpura_Range" title="Satpura Range">Satpura Range</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first historical reference to the Gonds appears in <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> writings from the 14th century. Scholars believe the Gonds ruled <a href="/wiki/Gondwana_(India)" title="Gondwana (India)">Gondwana</a>, a region extending from present-day eastern Madhya Pradesh to western Odisha, and from northern Andhra Pradesh to the southeastern corner of Uttar Pradesh, between the 13th and 19th centuries CE.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gond_Mahal_S-MP-31_(9).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gond_Mahal_S-MP-31_%289%29.jpg/220px-Gond_Mahal_S-MP-31_%289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gond_Mahal_S-MP-31_%289%29.jpg/330px-Gond_Mahal_S-MP-31_%289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gond_Mahal_S-MP-31_%289%29.jpg/440px-Gond_Mahal_S-MP-31_%289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Gond palace, Bhopal</figcaption></figure> <p>The first kingdom of the Gonds was that of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Chanda" title="Kingdom of Chanda">Chanda</a>, founded in 1200, although some genealogies trace its founders to the 9th century CE. The Gonds of Chanda originated from <a href="/wiki/Sirpur_(T)" title="Sirpur (T)">Sirpur</a> in what is now northern <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> and were said to have overthrown the previous rulers of the country, called the Mana dynasty. Another theory states that after the downfall of the <a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiyas</a> in 1318, the Gonds of Sirpur had the opportunity to throw off outside domination and built their own kingdom. The kingdom of Chanda developed extensive irrigation and the first defined revenue system of the Gond kingdoms. It also began to build forts, which later became highly sophisticated. Khandakhya Ballal Shah founded the town of <a href="/wiki/Chandrapur" title="Chandrapur">Chandrapur</a> and shifted the capital there from Sirpur. The <i><a href="/wiki/Ain-i-Akbari" title="Ain-i-Akbari">Ain-i-Akbari</a></i> records the kingdom as being fully independent, and it even conquered some territory from nearby sultanates. However, during Akbar's rule, Babji Shah began paying tribute after the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> incorporated territory to their south into the <a href="/wiki/Berar_Subah" title="Berar Subah">Berar Subah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Garha_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Garha Kingdom">Garha</a> was founded in the 14th century by Jadurai, who deposed the previous <a href="/wiki/Kalachuris_of_Ratnapura" title="Kalachuris of Ratnapura">Kalachuri</a> rulers. Garha-Mandla is known for queen <a href="/wiki/Rani_Durgavati" title="Rani Durgavati">Rani Durgavati</a>, who fought against Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> (d. 1564). Mandla was then ruled by her son Bir Narayan, who similarly fought until he died. Afterward, his kingdom was offered to Chanda Shah by the victorious Mughals. During Shah Jahan's reign, his successor Hirde Shah was attacked by the Bundelas and shifted the capital to Mandla. His successors fought against themselves and invited the aid of <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> and the Marathas to their cause.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deogarh was founded in the early 13th century. It is said<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (April 2023)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> that its founder, Jatba, slew the previous Gauli rulers during a temple festival. In the <i>Ain-i-Akbari</i>, Deogarh was said to have 2,000 cavalry, 50,000 footmen, and 100 elephants and was ruled by a monarch named Jatba. Jatba built outposts in the Berar plains, including a fort near modern <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a>. It was his grandson <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakr_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakr Shah (page does not exist)">Bakr Shah</a> who, in order to enlist Aurangzeb's help, converted to Islam and became <a href="/wiki/Bakht_Buland_Shah" title="Bakht Buland Shah">Bakht Buland Shah</a>. Shah founded the city of Nagpur and brought a revival of the fortunes of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deogarh_kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deogarh kingdom (page does not exist)">Deogarh kingdom</a>. During his reign, the kingdom covered the southeastern Satpura range from Betul to Rajnandgaon in the east, and parts of the northern Berar plains. Under his son <a href="/wiki/Chand_Sultan" title="Chand Sultan">Chand Sultan</a>, Nagpur gained even more importance.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These kingdoms were briefly conquered by the Mughals, but eventually, the Gond rajas were restored and were simply under Mughal <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1740s, the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha empire">Marathas</a> began to attack the Gond <a href="/wiki/Rajas" title="Rajas">rajas</a>, causing both rajas and subjects to flee from the plains to the forests and hills. <a href="/wiki/Raghoji_Bhonsle" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghoji Bhonsle">Raghoji Bhonsle</a> forced the Gond rajas of <a href="/wiki/Garha-Mandla" class="mw-redirect" title="Garha-Mandla">Garha-Mandla</a> to pay tribute to him. <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi</a> <a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">caste</a> groups quickly replaced the displaced original population. Maratha occupation of the Gond rajas' territory continued until the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third Anglo-Maratha War</a>, when the British took control over the remaining Gond <a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">zamindaris</a> and took over revenue collection. The British, who regarded the Gonds as "plunderers" and "thieves" before their takeover, began to view the Gonds as "timid" and "meek" by the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining Gond zamindaris were absorbed into the Indian union upon independence.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During colonial rule, the Gonds were marginalised by colonial forest management practices. The <a href="/wiki/Bastar_rebellion" title="Bastar rebellion">Bastar rebellion</a> of 1910, better known in the tribal belt as the <i>bhumkal</i>, was a partly successful armed struggle against colonial forest policy that denied the Madia and Muria Gonds of Bastar, along with other tribes in the region, access to the forest for their livelihoods. In the early 1920s, <a href="/wiki/Komaram_Bheem" title="Komaram Bheem">Komaram Bheem</a>, a Gond leader from Adilabad in Hyderabad state, rebelled against the Nizam and sought a separate Gond raj. It was he who coined the well-known slogan <i>jal, jangal, jameen</i> ("water, forest, land") that has symbolised Adivasi movements since independence.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1916, Gondi intellectuals from various parts of Gondwana formed the Gond Mahasabha to protect Gondi culture from increasing outside influence. The organisation held meetings in 1931 and 1934 to discuss ways to preserve Gond culture from manipulation by outsiders, social norms the Gonds should have, and solidarity between the Gonds of different parts of Gondwana. Starting in the 1940s, various Gond leaders agitated for a separate state that would encompass the erstwhile territory of Gondwana, especially tribal areas of eastern Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Vidharbha, and Adilabad.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The demand reached its peak in the early 1950s, when <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heera_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heera Singh (page does not exist)">Heera Singh</a> founded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Gondwana_Sangh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bharatiya Gondwana Sangh (page does not exist)">Bharatiya Gondwana Sangh</a> to agitate for statehood. Singh held many meetings throughout Gondwana and could mobilise 100,000 people between 1962 and 1963, but his movement had died down by the late 1960s and was never taken seriously by the Indian authorities. Other methods of agitation, including petitions and demands by various Gond organisations, were ignored by the state. In the 1990s, Heera Singh Markam and Kausalya Porte founded the <a href="/wiki/Gondwana_Ganatantra_Party" title="Gondwana Ganatantra Party">Gondwana Ganatantra Party</a> to fight for statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gond rajas used <i>Singh</i> or <i>Shah</i> as titles, influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Rajputs" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajputs">Rajputs</a> and Mughals.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gond are also known as the <i>Raj Gond</i>. The term was widely used in the 1950s but has now become almost obsolete, probably because of the political eclipse of the Gond rajas.<sup id="cite_ref-verma_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verma-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2017)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kumuram_Bheem_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kumuram_Bheem_statue.jpg/220px-Kumuram_Bheem_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kumuram_Bheem_statue.jpg/330px-Kumuram_Bheem_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kumuram_Bheem_statue.jpg/440px-Kumuram_Bheem_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6944" data-file-height="9248" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Komaram_Bheem" title="Komaram Bheem">Komaram Bheem</a> statue at the <a href="/wiki/Kumuram_Bheem_Tribal_Museum" title="Kumuram Bheem Tribal Museum">Kumuram Bheem Tribal Museum</a> in Jodeghat</figcaption></figure> <p>Gond society is divided into several exogamous patrilineal units known as <i>sagas</i>. The number depends on the region, with Gonds in the hills of Madhya Pradesh and the northern Nagpur plain having only two and those in the southern Nagpur plain and Adilabad having four. In Adilabad, these <i>Sagas</i> are called <i>Yerwen</i>, <i>Sarwen</i>, <i>Siwen</i>, and <i>Nalwen</i>, and their names refer to the number of ancestors for that <i>saga</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Adilabad, there is a fifth <i>saga</i>, <i>Sarpe saga</i>, which for marriage purposes is linked with <i>Sarwen</i>, although their origin myths are different. According to Gond mythology, all <i>sagas</i> once lived in a single village but soon moved out and established individual villages. The names of these ancestral villages are preserved in culture and sometimes identified with present-day locations. The number of ancestors for each <i>saga</i> is its symbol, and on many ceremonial and ritual occasions, the number of involved animals, people, actions, or objects corresponds to that <i>saga</i>'s number.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>saga</i> exists mostly in the sphere of ritual and has no real political or organizational significance. The most visible sign of <i>saga</i> consciousness is in the worship of <i>Persa Pen</i>, although this occurs mainly at the clan level. All worshippers of the same <i>Persa pen</i> see themselves as <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">agnatically</a> related, and so any intermarriage or sexual relations between them is forbidden. Gonds use the term <i>soira</i> to refer to <i>sagas</i> whose members they can marry.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each <i>saga</i> is regarded as performing actions essential to society as a whole. During ceremonies and ritual events, the <i>saga</i> becomes important for determining roles in the proceedings. For instance, in the worship of a clan's <i>Persa pen</i>, the clan priest is involved in sacrifice while two members of a <i>soira saga</i> to the celebrating clan dress the idol and cook the sacrificial food. During certain parts of Gond festivals, participants divide into <i>saga</i> or <i>soira</i>. For serving the sacrificial meal at <i>Persa Pen</i>, members of each <i>saga</i> sit separately and are served in order of which their ancestors emerged from the cave in their origin story. However, all <i>sagas</i> have equal status in Gond society. Members of each <i>saga</i> work cooperatively on issues affecting their relationship with other <i>sagas</i>, such as negotiations about bride price in marriage. In addition, for ritual purposes, any person can be replaced by someone of the same age, generation, and <i>saga</i>. As an example, in a marriage where, for instance, the bride's parents are not present, a couple from the same <i>saga</i> as the bride can stand in for the bride's parents in the ritual. This applies also to the relations between Gonds and Pardhans: if a Pardhan of the same clan is not found, then a Pardhan belonging to a different clan in the same <i>saga</i> can be brought in as a suitable replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subdivided within the <i>saga</i> is the <i>pari</i>, or clan, the main unit of organisation of Gond society. In each <i>saga</i>, the number of clans is determined by the number of ancestors of that <i>saga</i>. The clans of a <i>saga</i> are arranged by precedence based on when they emerged from the cave in the Gond creation story. This precedence regulates behaviour during some rituals. For instance, during the First Fruit festival, all members of a <i>saga</i> eat with the seniormost member of the seniormost <i>pari</i> of the <i>saga</i> represented in the village. Group relations between senior and junior <i>pari</i> are based on relations between older and younger brothers. For instance, members of a senior <i>pari</i> cannot marry a widow from a junior <i>pari</i>, since it is seen as analogous to the marriage between an elder brother and a younger brother's wife. Clans generally have names relating to specific plants. Some common <i>pari</i> include Tekam, Uikey, Markam, Dhurwe, and Atram.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each clan is divided into several parallel lineages, called <i>kita</i>. Each of these <i>kita</i> has a specific ritual function within Gond society: for instance, the <i>katora kita</i> is the only <i>kita</i> that presides over the worship of <i>Persa Pen</i>. <i>Kita</i> in some clans use Maratha titles like Deshmukh, bestowed on certain Gond chiefs. The <i>kita</i> functions only in the ritual sphere. Sometimes, the clans are also divided into <i>khandan</i>, or subclans, which are generally organic in nature. Each <i>khandan</i> is like a mini-clan, in that it has its own set of ritual objects for worship of <i>Persa Pen</i> and is formed when a group in a <i>pari</i> including a <i>katora</i> decide to set up a new centre for worship of <i>Persa Pen</i>. Eventually, this group becomes solidified into a <i>khandan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many astronomical ideas were known to ancient Gonds,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had their own local terms for the Sun, Moon, Milky Way, and constellations. Most of these ideas served as the basis for their timekeeping and calendrical activities.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gond_lady.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gond_lady.jpg/150px-Gond_lady.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gond_lady.jpg/225px-Gond_lady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gond_lady.jpg/300px-Gond_lady.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>1928 painting of a Gond woman by <a href="/wiki/M._V._Dhurandhar" title="M. V. Dhurandhar">M. V. Dhurandhar</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gond_art_IMG_8707.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gond_art_IMG_8707.jpg/150px-Gond_art_IMG_8707.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gond_art_IMG_8707.jpg/225px-Gond_art_IMG_8707.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gond_art_IMG_8707.jpg/300px-Gond_art_IMG_8707.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>Gond art</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saila_and_Karma_dance_by_Gonds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Saila_and_Karma_dance_by_Gonds.jpg/220px-Saila_and_Karma_dance_by_Gonds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Saila_and_Karma_dance_by_Gonds.jpg/330px-Saila_and_Karma_dance_by_Gonds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Saila_and_Karma_dance_by_Gonds.jpg/440px-Saila_and_Karma_dance_by_Gonds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Saila and Karma dance by Gonds</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gussadi_Dance_Of_Gond_Tribals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gussadi_Dance_Of_Gond_Tribals.jpg/220px-Gussadi_Dance_Of_Gond_Tribals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gussadi_Dance_Of_Gond_Tribals.jpg/330px-Gussadi_Dance_Of_Gond_Tribals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gussadi_Dance_Of_Gond_Tribals.jpg/440px-Gussadi_Dance_Of_Gond_Tribals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Dandari festival of Rajgonds, <a href="/wiki/Adilabad" title="Adilabad">Adilabad</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gondi_language" title="Gondi language">Gondi</a> language is spoken by almost 3 million people, mainly in the southern area of the Gond range. This area encompasses the southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra, northern Telganana, and southern Chhattisgarh (mainly in the Bastar division). The language is related to Telugu. In the early 20th century, it was spoken by 1.5 million people, nearly all of whom were bilingual.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At present, the language is only spoken by one fifth of Gonds and is dying out, even in its traditional linguistic range.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Chhattisgarh, women perform the <a href="/wiki/Sua_(Folk_music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sua (Folk music)">sua</a> dance, which was named after the word for "parrot". It is performed after <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> to honour <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>, representing the belief that the parrot will bring their sadness to their lovers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> is a major festival for <a href="/wiki/Adilabad" title="Adilabad">Adilabad</a>'s Gond tribes, which they celebrate with the traditional <a href="/wiki/Gussadi_dance" title="Gussadi dance">Gussadi dance</a>, donning peacock-feathered turbans, saffron attire, and joining in festive groups.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gondi people have their own <a href="/wiki/Versions_of_Ramayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Versions of Ramayana">version</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>, known as the <i>Gond Ramayani</i>, derived from oral folk legends. It consists of seven stories with Lakshmana as the protagonist, set after the main events of the Ramayana, where he finds a bride.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 census</a>, there were 1,026,344 followers of the "Gondi" religion in India, with the majority residing in <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> (584,884), followed by <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a> (368,438), <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> (66,857), <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> (3,419), and <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> (2,419).<sup id="cite_ref-Figure_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figure-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Gond people still follow their own traditions of <a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">nature worship</a>, but like many other tribes in India, their religion has been influenced by <a href="/wiki/Brahminical_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahminical Hinduism">Brahminical Hinduism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Gond people practice their own indigenous religion, <a href="/wiki/Koyapunem" class="mw-redirect" title="Koyapunem">Koyapunem</a>, while some follow <a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (October 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Pola_(festival)" title="Pola (festival)">Pola</a>, Phag, and <a href="/wiki/Dassera" class="mw-redirect" title="Dassera">Dassera</a> are some of their major festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small number of Gonds are Christian or <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In medieval times, the Gondi kingdoms worshipped <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> as their patron deity.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gonds worship ancestral deities known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angadevs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angadevs (page does not exist)">Angadevs</a>, which Brahminical Hindus claim are a representation of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Mahakali" title="Mahakali">Mahakali</a>. There were seven groups of Angadevs, rescued by Pari Kupar Lingo from the Kachchargardh caves. In one version, there were twenty-eight Angadevs, and in another version, there were thirty-three.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the second version, the Angadevs, or Saga Deva, were the children of the goddess Mata Kali Kankali after she ate a flower given to her by a sage. They were raised in Raitad Jungo's ashram, and while they were playing, they met the gods Shambu and Gaura. Gaura offered them food, but because they were annoyed by the children's mischief, Shambu and Gaura imprisoned them in the Kachchargardh caves. For twelve years, the children relied on a pond and a mythical bird who provided them food to survive. Kali Kankali pleaded to Shambu to release her children, but he rejected her pleas. Raitad Jungo then asked Pari Kupar Lingo to help him free the children, and Pari Kupar Lingo approached the bard Hirasuka Patalir. Patalir played music on his <i><a href="/wiki/Kingri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingri">kingri</a></i>, and the children were filled with strength to push the boulder blocking the caves from the outside world. Patalir was then crushed by the boulder. Ever since, the Kachchargardh caves became a site of <a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">pilgrimage</a>, and Kali Kankali became one of the <i>dharmagurus</i> of the Gondi people.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A typical Gond reaction to death has been described as one of anger, because they believe death is caused by demons.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gonds usually bury their dead, together with their worldly possessions, but due to partial <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinduization (page does not exist)">Hinduization</a>, their kings were occasionally cremated, as per <a href="/wiki/Vedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic">Vedic</a> practices. Hinduization has led to cremation becoming more common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koyapunem">Koyapunem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Koyapunem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gondi_people" title="Special:EditPage/Gondi people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gondi+people%22">"Gondi people"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gondi+people%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gondi+people%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gondi+people%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gondi+people%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gondi+people%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The native Gond religion, <a href="/wiki/Koyapunem" class="mw-redirect" title="Koyapunem">Koyapunem</a> (meaning "the way of nature"), was founded by Pari Kupar Lingo. It is also known as Gondi Punem, or "the way of the Gondi people".<sup id="cite_ref-Koreti_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koreti-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Gond folk tradition, adherents worship a high god known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baradeo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baradeo (page does not exist)">Baradeo</a>, whose alternate names are <i>Bhagavan</i>, <i>Kupar Lingo</i>, <i>Badadeo</i>, and <i>Persa Pen</i>. Baradeo oversees activities of lesser gods such as clan and village deities as well as ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baradeo is respected but he does not receive fervent devotion, which is shown only to clan and village deities, ancestors, and totems. These village deities include <i>Aki Pen</i>, the village guardian and the <span title="Gondi-language romanization"><i lang="gon-Latn">anwal</i></span>, the village mother goddess, a similar paradigm to folk traditions of other Dravidian peoples. Before any festival occurs, these two deities are worshipped. Each clan has their own <span title="Gondi-language romanization"><i lang="gon-Latn">persa pen</i></span>, meaning "great god". This god is benign at heart but can display violent tendencies. However, these tendencies are reduced when a <span title="Gondi-language romanization"><i lang="gon-Latn">pardhan</i></span>, a bard, plays a fiddle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Three people are important in Gond religious ceremonies: the <i>baiga</i> (village priest), the <i>bhumka</i> (clan priest), and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaser-gaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaser-gaita (page does not exist)">kaser-gaita</a></i> (leader of the village).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As Kupar Lingo, the high god of the Gonds is depicted as a clean-shaven young prince wearing a trident-shaped crown, the <i>munshul</i>, which represents the head, heart, and body. There are many shrines to Kupar Lingo in Gondwana, and he is revered as an ancestral hero.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Per Gond religious beliefs, their ancestor Rupolang Pahandi Pari Kupar Lingo was born as the son of the chief Pulsheev, during the reign of Sambhu-Gaura, several thousand years ago. Kupar Lingo became the ruler of the Koya race and established the Gondi Punem, a code of conduct and philosophy that the Gondi practice. He gathered thirty-three disciples to teach the Gondi Punem to the distant lands of the <i>koyamooree</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A principle in the Gond religion is <i>munjok</i>, which is non-violence, cooperation, and self-defense. Another part of Gond belief is <i>salla</i> and <i>gangra</i>, which represent action and reaction, superficially similar to the concept of <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a> in Hinduism. To prevent people from destroying themselves in conflict and discord, they are supposed to live under <i>Phratrial</i> society. Among the beliefs related to Phratrial society are the need to defend the community from enemies, working together and being in harmony with nature, and being allowed to eat animals (but not those representing a totem).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Like village deity worship in South India, Gonds believe their clan and village deities have the capability of possession. A person possessed by the spirit ceases to have any responsibility for their actions. Gonds also believe disease is caused by spirit possession.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Gonds worship <a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a>, whom they consider to be the tenth <span title="Gondi-language romanization"><i lang="gon-Latn">dharmaguru</i></span> of their people, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancestor-king&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancestor-king (page does not exist)">ancestor-king</a> of one of their four lineages and the eightieth <i>lingo</i> (great teacher). On <a href="/wiki/Dussehra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dussehra">Dussehra</a>, Gondi inhabitants of Paraswadi in Gadchiroli district carry an image of Ravana riding an elephant in a procession to worship him and "protest" the burning of his effigies.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gonds venerate plants and animals, especially the <i>saja</i> tree. In some places, death is associated with a <span title="Gondi-language romanization"><i lang="gon-Latn">saja</i></span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Terminalia_elliptica" title="Terminalia elliptica">Terminalia elliptica</a></i>) tree. Stones representing souls of the dead, or <span title="Gondi-language romanization"><i lang="gon-Latn">hanals</i></span>, are kept in a <span title="Gondi-language romanization"><i lang="gon-Latn">hanalkot</i></span> at the foot of a <i>saja</i> tree. When there is no specific shrine for the village mother goddess, the <i>saja</i> tree is her abode. In addition, the <i>Penkara</i>, or holy circle of the clan, is under this tree. Gonds in Seoni believe Baradeo lives in a <i>saja</i> tree. The <a href="/wiki/Madhuca_longifolia" title="Madhuca longifolia">Mahua plant</a>, whose flowers produce a liquor considered purifying, is also revered. In many Gond weddings, the bride and groom circle a post made out of a Mahua tree during the ceremony, and the Gonds of Adilabad perform the first ceremonies of the year when Mahua flowers bloom.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gonds also believe in rain gods. One early British anthropologist noted how during the pre-monsoon hunting ceremony, the amount of blood spilled by the animals was indicative of the amount of rain to follow.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gods are known as <i>pen</i> in the singular and <i>pennoo</i> in the plural. Other gods worshipped by the Gonds include: </p> <ul><li>Mata Kali Kankali, the ancestral mother of the Gondi forefathers. She is associated with <a href="/wiki/Mahakali" title="Mahakali">Mahakali</a>.</li> <li>Dulha-Pen, the bridegroom god. He is represented by a stone, a man riding a horse, or a battle-axe.</li> <li>Gansam, the protector of villages from tigers. He is represented by a stone on the village boundary or a platform and a pole. Animals were sacrificed to him.</li> <li>Hardul, the god of weddings</li> <li>Bhimsen or Bhimal, the god of strength and the earth. He is associated with rocks, mountains, and rivers, and certain hills and rocks are considered holy sites of Bhimsen.</li> <li>Nat Awal or Dharti Mata, the goddess of fertility</li> <li>Bhumi, the earth and mother of humanity</li> <li>Nat Auwal, the mother goddess of the village. She is invoked when the village partakes in a ceremony, from seasonal rites to prayers against disasters.</li> <li>Thakur Dev, the male guardian of the village</li> <li>Hulera-Pen, the protector of cattle</li> <li>Maitya-Pen, the demon of whirlwinds</li> <li>Narayan-Pen, the sun god</li> <li>Kodapen, the horse god</li> <li>Maswasi Pen, the hunting god</li> <li>Kanya, water spirits</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gondi people are designated as a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Tribe</a> in Andhra Pradesh, parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Odisha, and West Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">Government of Uttar Pradesh</a> had classified them as a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Caste" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Caste">Scheduled Caste</a>, but by 2007, they were one of several groups that was redesignated as Scheduled Tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2017, that tribal designation applies only to certain districts, not the entire state.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 Census of India</a> for Uttar Pradesh showed the Gond population at 21,992.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gondi people have been portrayed in the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Amit_V._Masurkar" title="Amit V. Masurkar">Amit V. Masurkar</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Newton_(film)" title="Newton (film)">Newton</a></i> and in <a href="/wiki/S.S._Rajamouli" class="mw-redirect" title="S.S. Rajamouli">S.S. Rajamouli</a>'s 2022 blockbuster <i><a href="/wiki/RRR_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="RRR (film)">RRR</a></i>, in which <a href="/wiki/N._T._Rama_Rao_Jr." title="N. T. Rama Rao Jr.">N. T. Rama Rao Jr.</a> plays a fictionalised version of the Gond tribal leader <a href="/wiki/Komaram_Bheem" title="Komaram Bheem">Komaram Bheem</a>. </p><p>Some people have speculated that the plot of the 2021 film <i><a href="/wiki/Skater_Girl" title="Skater Girl">Skater Girl</a></i> is based on the life of Gond skateboarder <a href="/wiki/Asha_Gond" title="Asha Gond">Asha Gond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film's writer and director, <a href="/wiki/Manjari_Makijany" title="Manjari Makijany">Manjari Makijany</a>, has denied this, however.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1088965794">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .columns-start .column{float:left;min-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .columns-2 .column{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .columns-3 .column{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .columns-4 .column{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .columns-5 .column{width:20%}}</style><div class="columns-start columns-2"><div class="column"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komaram_Bheem" title="Komaram Bheem">Komaram Bheem</a>, freedom fighter<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunda_Dhur" title="Gunda Dhur">Gunda Dhur</a>, tribal leader<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramji_Gond" title="Ramji Gond">Ramji Gond</a>, tribal chief<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha_Gond" title="Asha Gond">Asha Gond</a>, skateboarder<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hridayshah" title="Hridayshah">Hridayshah</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Garha_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Garha Kingdom">Garha</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Gond_kingdoms_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Gond_kingdoms-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajanbahu_Jatbasha" title="Ajanbahu Jatbasha">Ajanbahu Jatbasha</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Gonds_of_Deogarh" title="Gonds of Deogarh">Gonds of Deogarh</a> dynasty<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motiravan_Kangali" title="Motiravan Kangali">Motiravan Kangali</a>, linguist and author<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Raju" title="Kanaka Raju">Kanaka Raju</a>, <i>gusadi</i> dancer<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Buland_Shah" title="Bakht Buland Shah">Bakht Buland Shah</a>, Rajgond ruler<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalpat_Shah" title="Dalpat Shah">Dalpat Shah</a>, 49th ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Garha_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Garha Kingdom">Garha Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Shah" title="Raghunath Shah">Raghunath Shah</a>, freedom fighter<sup id="cite_ref-Debī_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debī-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sengupta_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sengupta-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangram_Shah" title="Sangram Shah">Sangram Shah</a>, king of Garha<sup id="cite_ref-The_Gond_kingdoms_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Gond_kingdoms-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Shah" title="Shankar Shah">Shankar Shah</a>, freedom fighter<sup id="cite_ref-Debī_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debī-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sengupta_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sengupta-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baburao_Shedmake" title="Baburao Shedmake">Baburao Shedmake</a>, tribal freedom fighter<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajju_Shyam" title="Bhajju Shyam">Bhajju Shyam</a>, painter<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangarh_Singh_Shyam" title="Jangarh Singh Shyam">Jangarh Singh Shyam</a>, painter<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkat_Shyam" title="Venkat Shyam">Venkat Shyam</a>, artist<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Singh" title="Chakradhar Singh">Chakradhar Singh</a>, raja of <a href="/wiki/Raigarh_State" title="Raigarh State">Raigarh State</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karunkar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Karunkar Singh">Karunkar Singh</a>, freedom fighter<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nareshchandra_Singh" title="Nareshchandra Singh">Nareshchandra Singh</a>, politician<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Narayan_Singh" title="Veer Narayan Singh">Veer Narayan Singh</a>, activist<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Bai_Vyom" class="mw-redirect" title="Durga Bai Vyom">Durga Bai Vyom</a>, artist<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Yerlung' means seven, 'sarlung' six, 'silung' five, and 'nalung' means four in Gondi<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Banjara" title="Banjara">Banjaras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kolam_people" title="Kolam people">Kolams</a> are also known to have had knowledge of astronomy.<sup id="cite_ref-"arxiv.org"_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"arxiv.org"-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Gonds' worship of Ravana is also a vehicle for resisting pressure from Christian missionaries and right-wing <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a> groups, and to preserve the distinct Gond culture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226085116/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html">"A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix"</a>. <i>Census of India 2011</i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html">the original</a> on 26 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India+2011&rft.atitle=A-11+Individual+Scheduled+Tribe+Primary+Census+Abstract+Data+and+its+Appendix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FPCA%2FST.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Statistics_Office2021" class="citation report cs1">National Statistics Office (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity">National Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report</a>. <i>Government of Nepal</i> (Report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=National+Population+and+Housing+Census+2021%2C+Caste%2FEthnicity+Report&rft.date=2021&rft.au=National+Statistics+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusnepal.cbs.gov.np%2Fresults%2Fdownloads%2Fcaste-ethnicity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html">"ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population by Religious Community"</a>. <i>www.censusindia.gov.in</i>. Census of India Website: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=ST-14+Scheduled+Tribe+Population+by+Religious+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FSCST-Series%2FST14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta1990" class="citation book cs1">Mehta, B.H. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wpfUwRl24lgC&pg=PA118"><i>Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170222620" title="Special:BookSources/9788170222620"><bdi>9788170222620</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gonds+of+the+Central+Indian+Highlands&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9788170222620&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=B.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwpfUwRl24lgC%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoyam2019" class="citation news cs1">Poyam, Akash (9 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caravanmagazine.in/culture/gond-gondi-koitur-dictionary-adivasi">"The Koitur community is reclaiming their linguistic identity despite the state's historical biases"</a>. <i>The Caravan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-12300-328-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-12300-328-3"><bdi>978-8-12300-328-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Tribes+Through+the+Ages&rft.pub=Publications+Division%2C+Ministry+of+Information+and+Broadcasting%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-8-12300-328-3&rft.aulast=Verma&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashid2015" class="citation news cs1">Rashid, Omar (29 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/bringing-rural-realities-on-stage-in-urban-india/article7592193.ece">"Bringing rural realities on stage in urban India"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Bringing+rural+realities+on+stage+in+urban+India&rft.date=2015-08-29&rft.aulast=Rashid&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ffeatures%2Ffriday-review%2Ftheatre%2Fbringing-rural-realities-on-stage-in-urban-india%2Farticle7592193.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitra2017" class="citation news cs1">Mitra, Chandan (6 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/salwa-judum-is-the-only-effective-weapon-against-maoist-terror-at-present-strengthen-it/story-liLxecdkR5hKTAVDtv6eBK.html">"Salwa Judum is the very inhuman weapon against local protest"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Salwa+Judum+is+the+very+inhuman+weapon+against+local+protest&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft.aulast=Mitra&rft.aufirst=Chandan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fsalwa-judum-is-the-only-effective-weapon-against-maoist-terror-at-present-strengthen-it%2Fstory-liLxecdkR5hKTAVDtv6eBK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArurWyeld" class="citation journal cs1">Arur, Sidharth; Wyeld, Theodor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43335564.pdf">"Exploring the Central India Art of the Gond People: contemporary materials and cultural significance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Core.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Core.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+Central+India+Art+of+the+Gond+People%3A+contemporary+materials+and+cultural+significance&rft.aulast=Arur&rft.aufirst=Sidharth&rft.au=Wyeld%2C+Theodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F43335564.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=WHIC&u=mlin_b_umass&id=GALE%7CCX3648200300&v=2.1&it=r&sid=bookmark-WHIC&asid=a347e4f3"><i>Gonds – Document – Gale in Context: World History</i></a> Gale, part of Cengage Group.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeine,_David_Karl1994" class="citation book cs1">Beine, David Karl (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/896425593"><i>A sociolinguistic survey of the Gondi-speaking communities of Central India</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/896425593">896425593</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+sociolinguistic+survey+of+the+Gondi-speaking+communities+of+Central+India&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F896425593&rft.au=Beine%2C+David+Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F896425593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRauSidwell2019" class="citation journal cs1">Rau, Felix; Sidwell, Paul (12 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/228160282.pdf">"The Munda Maritime Hypothesis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Core.ac.uk</i>: 38. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1836-6821">1836-6821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Core.ac.uk&rft.atitle=The+Munda+Maritime+Hypothesis&rft.pages=38&rft.date=2019-09-12&rft.issn=1836-6821&rft.aulast=Rau&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft.au=Sidwell%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F228160282.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaubeyTamangPennarunDubey2017" class="citation journal cs1">Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Tamang, Rakesh; Pennarun, Erwan; Dubey, Pavan; Rai, Niraj; Upadhyay, Rakesh Kumar; Meena, Rajendra Prasad; Patel, Jayanti R; van Driem, George; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Metspalu, Mait (12 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5643977">"Erratum: Reconstructing the population history of the largest tribe of India: the Dravidian speaking Gond"</a>. <i>European Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>25</b> (11): 1291. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fejhg.2017.46">10.1038/ejhg.2017.46</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1018-4813">1018-4813</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5643977">5643977</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29023439">29023439</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7755962">7755962</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Erratum%3A+Reconstructing+the+population+history+of+the+largest+tribe+of+India%3A+the+Dravidian+speaking+Gond&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1291&rft.date=2017-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5643977%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7755962%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fejhg.2017.46&rft.issn=1018-4813&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29023439&rft.aulast=Chaubey&rft.aufirst=Gyaneshwer&rft.au=Tamang%2C+Rakesh&rft.au=Pennarun%2C+Erwan&rft.au=Dubey%2C+Pavan&rft.au=Rai%2C+Niraj&rft.au=Upadhyay%2C+Rakesh+Kumar&rft.au=Meena%2C+Rajendra+Prasad&rft.au=Patel%2C+Jayanti+R&rft.au=van+Driem%2C+George&rft.au=Thangaraj%2C+Kumarasamy&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Mait&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5643977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span> "By considering the case of language shift we modelled the scenario considering Gond originally as an <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> population, which has recently changed its language to Dravidian. In this case, we should expect a largely similar amount of chunks donated by an outlier distant Austroasiatic population (Bonda) to Gonds and their present Austroasiatic (both North and South Munda) neighbours. However, this was not the case in our analysis, and we observed significantly higher Bonda chunks among North and South Munda neighbours than any Gond group. Hence, this weakens the case for any recent language shift of Gond from Austroasiatic speakers and suggests a distinct genetic identity of the Gonds."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1916" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Robert Vane (1916). <i>The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India</i>. Gutenberg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781517408183" title="Special:BookSources/9781517408183"><bdi>9781517408183</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tribes+and+Castes+of+the+Central+Provinces+of+India&rft.pub=Gutenberg&rft.date=1916&rft.isbn=9781517408183&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Robert+Vane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad1999" class="citation journal cs1">Prasad, Archana (1 October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734099779568290">"Military Conflict and Forests in Central Provinces, India: Gonds and the Gondwana Region in Pre-colonial History"</a>. <i>Environment and History</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 361–375. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3197%2F096734099779568290">10.3197/096734099779568290</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0967-3407">0967-3407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+and+History&rft.atitle=Military+Conflict+and+Forests+in+Central+Provinces%2C+India%3A+Gonds+and+the+Gondwana+Region+in+Pre-colonial+History&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=361-375&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3197%2F096734099779568290&rft.issn=0967-3407&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Archana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3197%2F096734099779568290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBates1995" class="citation book cs1">Bates, Crispin (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ">"Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian ...anthropomorphize"</a>. In Robb, Peter (ed.). <i>The Concept of Race in South Asia</i>. Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-563767-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-563767-0"><bdi>978-0-19-563767-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Adivaani. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-84465-04-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-84465-04-9"><bdi>978-93-84465-04-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/980926378">980926378</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+work+in+India&rft.pub=Adivaani&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F980926378&rft.isbn=978-93-84465-04-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F980926378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1982" class="citation journal cs1">Singh, K. 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Taylor & Francis. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-56357-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-56357-3"><bdi>978-1-000-56357-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeing+South+Asia%3A+Visuals+Beyond+Borders&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2022-04-11&rft.isbn=978-1-000-56357-3&rft.aulast=Pathak&rft.aufirst=Dev+Nath&rft.au=Das%2C+Biswajit&rft.au=Roy%2C+Ratan+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWr9rEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DDalpat%2BShah%2Bgond%2Btribe%26pg%3DPA94N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debī-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debī_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debī_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebī2010" class="citation book cs1">Debī, Mahāśvetā (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELBW1YGeHKMC&q=Raghunath+Shah+gond+tribe"><i>The Queen of Jhansi</i></a>. 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Intach. pp 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBondWright1922" class="citation book cs1">Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&q=Raja+of+Raigarh+Chakradhar+Singh+brother+of&pg=PA549-IA7"><i>Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey edited by Arnold Wright</i></a>. Asian Educational Services. pp. 625–626. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120619654" title="Special:BookSources/9788120619654"><bdi>9788120619654</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+States%3A+A+Biographical%2C+Historical%2C+and+Administrative+Survey+edited+by+Arnold+Wright&rft.pages=625-626&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1922&rft.isbn=9788120619654&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rft.au=Wright%2C+Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D47sfj8DUwNgC%26q%3DRaja%2Bof%2BRaigarh%2BChakradhar%2BSingh%2Bbrother%2Bof%26pg%3DPA549-IA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://odishabytes.com/rename-jharsugudas-gondwana-square-as-veer-karunakar-singh-naik-chhack-dharmendra-writes-to-odisha-cm/amp/">"Rename Jharsuguda's Gondwana Square as Veer Karunkar Singh Naik Chhack', Dharmendra Writes to Odisha CM"</a>. <i>odishabytes.com</i>. 23 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=odishabytes.com&rft.atitle=Rename+Jharsuguda%27s+Gondwana+Square+as+Veer+Karunkar+Singh+Naik+Chhack%27%2C+Dharmendra+Writes+to+Odisha+CM&rft.date=2023-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fodishabytes.com%2Frename-jharsugudas-gondwana-square-as-veer-karunakar-singh-naik-chhack-dharmendra-writes-to-odisha-cm%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bhaskar.com/news/mp-bpl-13-day-cm-of-madhya-pradesh-raja-nareshchandra-singh-4788746-pho.html">"तेरह दिन के लिए मध्यप्रदेश के मुख्यमंत्री बने थे राजा नरेशचंद्र सिंह"</a>. <i>Dainik Bhaskar</i> (in Hindi). 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>सरकार के पतन के बाद <b>गोंड आदिवासी</b> राजा <b>नरेशचंद्र सिंह</b> 13 से 25 मार्च 1969 तक मुख्यमंत्री रहे</q> [After the fall of the government, <b>Gond tribal</b> king <b>Nareshchandra Singh</b> was the Chief Minister from 13 to 25 March 1969]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dainik+Bhaskar&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhaskar.com%2Fnews%2Fmp-bpl-13-day-cm-of-madhya-pradesh-raja-nareshchandra-singh-4788746-pho.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1576031">"Museums for Tribal Freedom Fighters"</a>. <i>Ministry of Tribal Affairs</i>. 27 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Tribal+Affairs&rft.atitle=Museums+for+Tribal+Freedom+Fighters&rft.date=2019-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpib.gov.in%2FPressReleasePage.aspx%3FPRID%3D1576031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saffronart.com/artists/durga-bai">"Durga Bai | Paintings by Durga Bai"</a>. <i>Saffronart</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saffronart&rft.atitle=Durga+Bai+%7C+Paintings+by+Durga+Bai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saffronart.com%2Fartists%2Fdurga-bai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The tribal art of middle India – <a href="/wiki/Verrier_Elwin" title="Verrier Elwin">Verrier Elwin</a> – 1951</li> <li>Savaging the Civilized, Verrier Elwin, His Tribals & India – Ramachandra Guha – The University of Chicago Press – 1999</li> <li>Beine, David m. 1994. A sociolinguistic survey of the Gondi-speaking communities of central India. M.A. thesis. San Diego State University. 516 p.</li> <li>Banerjee, B. G., and Kiran Bhatia. <i>Tribal Demography of Gonds</i>. Delhi: Gian Pub. House, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-212-0237-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-212-0237-X">81-212-0237-X</a></li> <li>Elwin, Verrier. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/phulmat-hills-tale-gonds">Phulmat of the Hills; A Tale of the Gonds</a></i>. London: J. Murray, 1937.</li> <li>Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph von, and <a href="/wiki/Betty_von_F%C3%BCrer-Haimendorf" title="Betty von Fürer-Haimendorf">Elizabeth von Fürer-Haimendorf</a>. <i>The Gonds of Andhra Pradesh: Tradition and Change in an Indian Tribe</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-04-301090-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-04-301090-3">0-04-301090-3</a></li> <li>Kaufmann, Walter. <i>Songs and Drummings of the Hill Maria, Jhoria Muria and Bastar Muria Gonds. And, the Musical Instruments of the Marias and Murias</i>. 1950.</li> <li>Mehta, B. H. <i>Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands: A Study of the Dynamics of Gond Society</i>. New Delhi: Concept, 1984.</li> <li>Museum of Mankind, Shelagh Weir, and Hira Lal. <i>The Gonds of Central India; The Material Culture of the Gonds of Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh</i>. London: British Museum, 1973. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7141-1537-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7141-1537-1">0-7141-1537-1</a></li> <li>Pagdi, Setumadhava Rao. <i>Among the Gonds of Adilabad</i>. Bombay: Popular Book Depot, 1952.</li> <li>Pingle, Urmila, and Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf. <i>Gonds and Their Neighbours: A Study in Genetic Diversity</i>. Lucknow, India: Ethnographic & Folk Culture Society, 1987.</li> <li>Sharma, Anima. <i>Tribe in Transition: A Study of Thakur Gonds</i>. India: Mittal Publications, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7099-989-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-7099-989-8">81-7099-989-8</a></li> <li>Singh, Indrajit. <i>The Gondwana and the Gonds</i>. Lucknow, India: The Universal publishers, 1944.</li> <li>Kangalee, Motiram Chhabiram, Paree Kupar Lingo Gondi Punemi Darshan (In Hindi)<i>,</i>Publisher ujjvala society Nagpur,2011</li> <li>Vatti, Jalpati,<i>Mava sagaa padeeng, in</i> <i>Gondwana sagaa Patrika</i> published (In Hindi) in October 1986</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gondi_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gondi people">Gondi people</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianculture.gov.in/paintings/gond-paintings">"Gond Paintings"</a>, <i>Indian Culture - Government of India</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Culture+-+Government+of+India&rft.atitle=Gond+Paintings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianculture.gov.in%2Fpaintings%2Fgond-paintings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaubeyTamangPennarunDubey2017" class="citation cs2">Chaubey, G.; Tamang, R.; Pennarun, E.; Dubey, P.; Rai, N.; Upadhyay, R. K.; Meena, R. P.; Patel, J. R.; Van Driem, G.; Thangaraj, K.; Metspalu, M.; Villems, R. (2017), "Reconstructing the population history of the largest tribe of India: the Dravidian speaking Gond", <i>European Journal of Human Genetics</i>, <b>25</b> (4): 493–498, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fejhg.2016.198">10.1038/ejhg.2016.198</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5386418">5386418</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28145430">28145430</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Reconstructing+the+population+history+of+the+largest+tribe+of+India%3A+the+Dravidian+speaking+Gond&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=493-498&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5386418%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28145430&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fejhg.2016.198&rft.aulast=Chaubey&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Tamang%2C+R.&rft.au=Pennarun%2C+E.&rft.au=Dubey%2C+P.&rft.au=Rai%2C+N.&rft.au=Upadhyay%2C+R.+K.&rft.au=Meena%2C+R.+P.&rft.au=Patel%2C+J.+R.&rft.au=Van+Driem%2C+G.&rft.au=Thangaraj%2C+K.&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+M.&rft.au=Villems%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107145647/http://www.gondindia.org/">"Gond – The History"</a>, <i>gondindia.org</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gondindia.org/">the original</a> on 7 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=gondindia.org&rft.atitle=Gond+%E2%80%93+The+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gondindia.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVahiaHalkare2013" class="citation journal cs1">Vahia, M.N.; Halkare, Ganesh (2013). "Aspects of Gond Astronomy". <i>Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 29–44. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.2416">1306.2416</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAHH...16...29V">2013JAHH...16...29V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3724%2FSP.J.1440-2807.2013.01.02">10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2013.01.02</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118760688">118760688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Astronomical+History+and+Heritage&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+Gond+Astronomy&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-44&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1306.2416&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A118760688%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3724%2FSP.J.1440-2807.2013.01.02&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013JAHH...16...29V&rft.aulast=Vahia&rft.aufirst=M.N.&rft.au=Halkare%2C+Ganesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGondi+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><i>This article includes material from the 1995 <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Study</a> on India.</i> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="/wiki/Baiga_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiga tribe">Baiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharia_people" title="Bharia people">Bharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhil people">Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumij_people" title="Bhumij people">Bhumij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birhor_people" title="Birhor people">Birhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo-Kachari_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo-Kachari people">Bodo-Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoksa_people" title="Bhoksa people">Boksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonda_people" title="Bonda people">Bonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenchu_people" title="Chenchu people">Chenchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanka" title="Dhanka">Dhanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_people" title="Ho people">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irula_people" title="Irula people">Irulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonds" title="Khonds">Khonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_people" title="Kol people">Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korwa_people" title="Korwa people">Korwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_people" title="Limbu people">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodha_people" title="Lodha people">Lodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahli_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahli tribe">Mahli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_people" title="Mara people">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mech_people" title="Mech people">Mech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_people" title="Mising people">Mishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mog people">Mog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudugar" title="Mudugar">Mudugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_people" title="Kurukh people">Oraon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Pnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabari" title="Rabari">Rabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabha tribe">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reang" title="Reang">Reang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santal_people" title="Santal people">Santal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_people" title="Sora people">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toda_people" title="Toda people">Toda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_people" title="Tripuri people">Tripuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Marathi_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_groups_of_Maharashtra" title="Template:Social groups of Maharashtra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_groups_of_Maharashtra" title="Template talk:Social groups of Maharashtra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_groups_of_Maharashtra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social groups of Maharashtra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marathi_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtra people">Marathi people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hindu Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandraseniya_Kayastha_Prabhu" title="Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu">Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Brahmin" title="Marathi Brahmin">Marathi Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathare_Prabhu" title="Pathare Prabhu">Pathare Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamedi">Shamedi</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agricultural communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agri_(caste)" title="Agri (caste)">Agri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahir" title="Ahir">Ahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bari_(caste)" title="Bari (caste)">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhandari_(caste)" title="Bhandari (caste)">Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhangar" title="Dhangar">Dhangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabit" title="Gabit">Gabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharvi" title="Kharvi">Kharvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunbi" title="Kunbi">Kunbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leva_Patel" title="Leva Patel">Leva Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_caste" title="Mali caste">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchkalshi" title="Panchkalshi">Panchkalshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahyavanshi" title="Mahyavanshi">Mahyavanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangela_Kolis" title="Mangela Kolis">Mangela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_(caste)" title="Maratha (caste)">Maratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powari_language" title="Powari language">Powar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mercantile communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaud_Saraswat_Brahmin" title="Gaud Saraswat Brahmin">Gaud Saraswat Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattegar" title="Pattegar">Khatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimpi" title="Shimpi">Shimpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunar" title="Sunar">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya_Vani" title="Vaishya Vani">Vaishya Vani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artisan communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beldar" title="Beldar">Beldar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoi" title="Bhoi">Bhoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burud_(caste)" title="Burud (caste)">Burud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaukalshi" title="Chaukalshi">Chaukalshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamar" title="Chamar">Chambhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaparband" title="Chhaparband">Chhaparband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhobi" title="Dhobi">Dhobi (Parit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhor">Dhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavli" title="Gavli">Gavli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosains" title="Gosains">Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holar_caste" title="Holar caste">Holar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holeya" title="Holeya">Holeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjar" title="Kanjar">Kanjarbhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalwar_(caste)" title="Kalwar (caste)">Kalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatik" title="Khatik">Khatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhati" title="Kolhati">Kolhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshta" title="Koshta">Koshti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumhar" title="Kumhar">Kumbhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonaria" title="Lonaria">Lonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohar_(caste)" title="Lohar (caste)">Lohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_(caste)" title="Mang (caste)">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_(caste)" title="Nai (caste)">Nhavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasali_(caste)" title="Padmasali (caste)">Padmasali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliya" title="Saliya">Sali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutar" title="Sutar">Sutar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teli" title="Teli">Teli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twashta_Kasar" title="Twashta Kasar">Twashta Kasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaddera" title="Vaddera">Vadar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Priest communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitpavan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitpavan">Chitpavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshastha_Brahmin" title="Deshastha Brahmin">Deshastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devrukhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Devrukhe">Devrukhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomantak_Maratha_Samaj" title="Gomantak Maratha Samaj">Gomantak Maratha Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurav" title="Gurav">Gurav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangam" title="Jangam">Jangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karhade_Brahmin" title="Karhade Brahmin">Karhade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudaldeshkar_Gaud_Brahmin" title="Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmin">Kudaldeshkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palshi" title="Palshi">Palshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaud_Saraswat_Brahmin" title="Gaud Saraswat Brahmin">Saraswat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribal communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andh" title="Andh">Andh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barda_(tribe)" title="Barda (tribe)">Barda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhil people">Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binjhal" title="Binjhal">Binjhwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanka" title="Dhanka">Dhanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhodia" title="Dhodia">Dhodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_Mavchi" title="Bhil Mavchi">Gavit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowari" title="Gowari">Gowari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halba_(tribe)" title="Halba (tribe)">Halba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halpati" title="Halpati">Halpati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanwar_(tribe)" title="Kanwar (tribe)">Kanwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katkari_people" title="Katkari people">Katkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokna">Kokna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korku_people" title="Korku people">Korku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihali_language" title="Nihali language">Nahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakar_(tribe)" title="Thakar (tribe)">Thakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasava" title="Vasava">Vasava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warli" title="Warli">Warli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nomadic communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjara" title="Banjara">Banjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan" title="Charan">Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimar" title="Dhimar">Dhiwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gav-Paradhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gav-Paradhi">Gav-Paradhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogi_(caste)" title="Jogi (caste)">Nath Jogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahar" title="Kahar">Kahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaikadi_people" title="Kaikadi people">Kaikadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_Pardhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase Pardhi">Phase Pardhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoshi" title="Ramoshi">Ramoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddi" title="Siddi">Siddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagri" title="Vagri">Waghri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jain communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Maharashtra" title="Jainism in Maharashtra">Marathi Jains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagherwal" title="Bagherwal">Bagherwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturtha" title="Chaturtha">Chaturtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhakad" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhakad">Dhakad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboj" title="Kamboj">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Maharashtra" title="Jainism in Maharashtra">Panchama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saitwal" title="Saitwal">Saitwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upajjhaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Upajjhaya">Upajjhaya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Immigrant_Jain_communities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant Jain communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrawal" title="Agrawal">Agrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humad" title="Humad">Humad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiswal_Jain" title="Jaiswal Jain">Jaiswal Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswal" title="Oswal">Oswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paliwal" title="Paliwal">Paliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porwad" class="mw-redirect" title="Porwad">Porwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawagi" title="Sarawagi">Sarawagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimali" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrimali">Shrimali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muslim communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_Muslims" title="Konkani Muslims">Konkani Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nawayath" title="Nawayath">Nawayath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Muslims" title="Marathi Muslims">Maharashtrian Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attar_(caste)" title="Attar (caste)">Attar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghban" title="Baghban">Baghban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhishti" title="Bhishti">Bhishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaush_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaush (India)">Chaush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccanis" title="Deccanis">Deccani Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqir_(clan)" title="Faqir (clan)">Fakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garodi" title="Garodi">Garodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_(caste)" title="Multani (caste)">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaparband_(Muslim)" title="Chhaparband (Muslim)">Muslim Chhaparband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Raj_Gond" title="Muslim Raj Gond">Muslim Raj Gond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachar" title="Kachar">Kachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadia_(Muslim)" title="Kadia (Muslim)">Kadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinjara" title="Pinjara">Pinjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qassab" title="Qassab">Qassab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saiqalgar" title="Saiqalgar">Saiqalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadvi_Bhil" title="Tadvi Bhil">Tadvi Bhil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Buddhists" title="Marathi Buddhists">Marathi Buddhists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahar" title="Mahar">Mahar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Christians" title="Marathi Christians">Marathi Christians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_East_Indians" title="Bombay East Indians">Bombay East Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koli_Christians" title="Koli Christians">Koli Christians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_Odisha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Odisha" title="Template:Western Odisha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_Odisha" title="Template talk:Western Odisha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_Odisha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western Odisha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_Odisha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Odisha" title="Western Odisha">Western Odisha</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangir_district" title="Balangir district">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh_district" title="Bargarh district">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudh_district" title="Boudh district">Boudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debagarh_district" title="Debagarh district">Debagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda_district" title="Jharsuguda district">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuapada_district" title="Nuapada district">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur_district" title="Sambalpur district">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnapur_district" title="Subarnapur district">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundergarh_district" title="Sundergarh district">Sundargarh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_University_of_Technology" title="Biju Patnaik University of Technology">BPUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Rourkela" title="National Institute of Technology, Rourkela">NIT Rourkela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_College_Balangir" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra College Balangir">Rajendra College Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur_University" title="Sambalpur University">Sambalpur University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Surendra_Sai_University_of_Technology,_Burla" class="mw-redirect" title="Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla">VSSUT, Burla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Odisha_Development_Council%E2%80%93sponsored_medical_colleges" title="Western Odisha Development Council–sponsored medical colleges">WODC Medical Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangadhar_Meher_University" title="Gangadhar Meher University">Gangadhar Meher University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management,_Sambalpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Management, Sambalpur">IIM Sambalpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Panda" title="Atal Bihari Panda">Atal Bihari Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagirathi_Nepak" title="Bhagirathi Nepak">Bhagirathi Nepak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhima_Bhoi" title="Bhima Bhoi">Bhima Bhoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangadhar_Meher" title="Gangadhar Meher">Gangadhar Meher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldhar_Nag" title="Haldhar Nag">Haldhar Nag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitamitra_Prasad_Singh_Deo" title="Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo">Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nila_Madhab_Panda" title="Nila Madhab Panda">Nila Madhab Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabyasachi_Mohapatra" title="Sabyasachi Mohapatra">Sabyasachi Mohapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Meher" title="Sadhu Meher">Sadhu Meher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarat_Pujari" title="Sarat Pujari">Sarat Pujari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbeswar_Bhoi" title="Sarbeswar Bhoi">Sarbeswar Bhoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Surendra_Sai" title="Veer Surendra Sai">Veer Surendra Sai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosaleswara_temple" title="Kosaleswara temple">Kosaleswara temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankeswari_Temple" title="Lankeswari Temple">Lankeswari Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaleswari_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaleswari Temple">Samaleswari Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasisena_Temple" title="Sasisena Temple">Sasisena Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sureswari_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sureswari Temple">Sureswari Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Leaning_Temple_of_Huma" class="mw-redirect" title="The Leaning Temple of Huma">The Leaning Temple of Huma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indravati_River" title="Indravati River">Indravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanadi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanadi River">Mahanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankh_River" title="Sankh River">Sankh River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture, Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhanu_Jatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhanu Jatra">Dhanu Jatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghumura_Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghumura Dance">Ghumura Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuntia" title="Jiuntia">Jiuntia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalasi_Jatra" title="Kalasi Jatra">Kalasi Jatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangir_Lok_Mahotsav" title="Balangir Lok Mahotsav">Balangir Lok Mahotsav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Podi" title="Lanka Podi">Lanka Podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuakhai" title="Nuakhai">Nuakhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pousha_Purnima" title="Pousha Purnima">Pousha Purnima(Puspuni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitalsasthi" title="Sitalsasthi">Sitalsasthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulia_Jatra" title="Sulia Jatra">Sulia Jatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and Craft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasapali_Sari" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasapali Sari">Pasapali Sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_Saree" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambalpuri Saree">Sambalpuri Saree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonepuri_Sari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonepuri Sari">Sonepuri Sari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainmennt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhukha" title="Bhukha">Bhukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangabati" title="Rangabati">Rangabati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_cinema" title="Sambalpuri cinema">Sambalpuri cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_drama" title="Sambalpuri drama">Sambalpuri drama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nagpur_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nagpur" title="Template:Nagpur"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nagpur" title="Template talk:Nagpur"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nagpur" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nagpur"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nagpur_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nagpur" title="History of Nagpur">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;line-height:1.4em;">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_Buddhist_movement" title="Dalit Buddhist movement">Dalit Buddhist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;line-height:1.4em;">Vidarbha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha_movement" title="Vidarbha movement">Vidarbha movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidarbha State">Vidarbha State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" title="Varhadi dialect">Varhadi dialect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;line-height:1.4em;">Nagpur</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhonsle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhonsle">Bhonsle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagpur kingdom">Nagpur kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Province" title="Nagpur Province">Nagpur Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Provinces" title="Central Provinces">Central Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Provinces_and_Berar" title="Central Provinces and Berar">Central Provinces and Berar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitabuldi_Fort" title="Sitabuldi Fort">Sitabuldi Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namantar_Andolan" title="Namantar Andolan">Namantar Andolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Nagpur_riots" title="1927 Nagpur riots">1927 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Gowari_stampede" title="1994 Gowari stampede">Gowari stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Nagpur_Railway" title="Bengal Nagpur Railway">Bengal Nagpur Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;">Civic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Nagpur Municipal Corporation">Nagpur Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Improvement_Trust" title="Nagpur Improvement Trust">Nagpur Improvement Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_district" title="Nagpur district">Nagpur district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_division" title="Nagpur division">Nagpur division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_metropolitan_area" title="Nagpur metropolitan area">Nagpur metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Police" title="Nagpur Police">Nagpur Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramtek_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramtek (Lok Sabha constituency)">Ramtek (Lok Sabha constituency)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;line-height:1.4em;">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasantrao_Deshpande_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasantrao Deshpande Hall (page does not exist)">Vasantrao Deshpande Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suresh_Bhat_Auditorium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suresh Bhat Auditorium (page does not exist)">Suresh Bhat Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IMA_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IMA Hall (page does not exist)">IMA Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chitnavis_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chitnavis Centre (page does not exist)">Chitnavis Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Civil_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Civil Station (page does not exist)">Old Civil Station</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_Hall_Nagpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council Hall Nagpur (page does not exist)">Council Hall Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Bhavan,_Nagpur" title="Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur">Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Court_Nagpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Court Nagpur (page does not exist)">High Court Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raj_Bhawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raj Bhawan (page does not exist)">Raj Bhawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;line-height:1.4em;">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagardhan_Fort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagardhan Fort (page does not exist)">Nagardhan Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramtek_Fort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramtek Fort (page does not exist)">Ramtek Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitabuldi_Fort" title="Sitabuldi Fort">Sitabuldi Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;line-height:1.4em;">Religious<br />places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deekshabhoomi" title="Deekshabhoomi">Deekshabhoomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Palace_Temple" title="Dragon Palace Temple">Dragon Palace Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balaji_Temple,_Nagpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balaji Temple, Nagpur (page does not exist)">Balaji Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganesh_Tekdi_Mandir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganesh Tekdi Mandir (page does not exist)">Ganesh Tekdi Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adasa,_India" title="Adasa, India">Adasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradsinga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paradsinga (page does not exist)">Paradsinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Temple,_Nagpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Temple, Nagpur">Swaminarayan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koradi_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koradi Temple (page does not exist)">Koradi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazrat_Baba_Tajjuddin_Dargah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazrat Baba Tajjuddin Dargah (page does not exist)">Hazrat Baba Tajjuddin Dargah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nav_Gazern_Ali_Baba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nav Gazern Ali Baba (page does not exist)">Nav Gazern Ali Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajabad_Sharif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajabad Sharif (page does not exist)">Tajabad Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelican_Cathedrals_of_Nagpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angelican Cathedrals of Nagpur (page does not exist)">Angelican Cathedrals of Nagpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;line-height:1.4em;">Parks<br />and zoos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorewada_Zoo" title="Gorewada Zoo">Gorewada Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seminary_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seminary Hill (page does not exist)">Seminary Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telangkhedi_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telangkhedi Garden (page does not exist)">Telangkhedi Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satpuda_Botanical_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satpuda Botanical Garden (page does not exist)">Satpuda Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Garden,_Nagpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese Garden, Nagpur (page does not exist)">Japanese Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambazari_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambazari Park (page does not exist)">Ambazari Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr_Babasaheb_Ambekar_Udhyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr Babasaheb Ambekar Udhyan (page does not exist)">Dr Babasaheb Ambekar Udhyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traffic_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traffic Park (page does not exist)">Traffic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajbagh_Zoo" title="Maharajbagh Zoo">Maharajbagh Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasturchand_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasturchand Park (page does not exist)">Kasturchand Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakkardara_Lake_side_garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakkardara Lake side garden (page does not exist)">Sakkardara Lake side garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;line-height:1.4em;">Smart zoos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorewada_Zoo" title="Gorewada Zoo">Gorewada Zoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;line-height:1.4em;">Squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Mile_Stone_(Nagpur)" title="Zero Mile Stone (Nagpur)">Zero Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RBI_Square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBI Square (page does not exist)">RBI Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shankar_Nagar_Square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shankar Nagar Square (page does not exist)">Shankar Nagar Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Variety_Square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variety Square (page does not exist)">Variety Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;line-height:1.4em;">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narrow-gauge_rail_museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narrow-gauge rail museum (page does not exist)">Narrow-gauge rail museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raman_Science_Centre" title="Raman Science Centre">Raman Science Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Central_Museum" title="Nagpur Central Museum">Nagpur Central Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr_Babasaheb_Ambedkar_Memorial_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Memorial Museum (page does not exist)">Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Memorial Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;">Wildlife</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorewada_Zoo" title="Gorewada Zoo">Gorewada Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadoba_Andhari_Tiger_Reserve" title="Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve">Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pench_National_Park" title="Pench National Park">Pench National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagzira-Navegaon_Tiger_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagzira-Navegaon Tiger Reserve (page does not exist)">Nagzira-Navegaon Tiger Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melghat_Tiger_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Melghat Tiger Reserve">Melghat Tiger Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bor_Tiger_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bor Tiger Reserve (page does not exist)">Bor Tiger Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umred_Pauni_Karhandla_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Umred Pauni Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary">Umred Pauni Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godavari_basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Godavari basin (page does not exist)">Godavari basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_River" title="Nag River">Nag River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorewada_Lake" title="Gorewada Lake">Gorewada Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambazari_Lake" title="Ambazari Lake">Ambazari Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futala_Lake" title="Futala Lake">Futala Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukrawari_Lake" title="Shukrawari Lake">Shukrawari Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khernakala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khernakala (page does not exist)">Khernakala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khindsi_Lake" title="Khindsi Lake">Khindsi Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilpi_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zilpi Lake (page does not exist)">Zilpi Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonegaon_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonegaon Lake (page does not exist)">Sonegaon Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioli_river" title="Pioli river">Pioli river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pora_river" title="Pora river">Pora river</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varhadi_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varhadi cuisine (page does not exist)">Varhadi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidarbha_Sahitya_Sangh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidarbha Sahitya Sangh (page does not exist)">Vidarbha Sahitya Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhammachakra_Pravartan_Din" title="Dhammachakra Pravartan Din">Dhammachakra Pravartan Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Marathi_Sahitya_Sammelan" title="Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan">Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orange_City_Craft_Mela_and_Folk_Dance_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange City Craft Mela and Folk Dance Festival (page does not exist)">Orange City Craft Mela and Folk Dance Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aadim_Sanvidhan_Sanrakshan_Samiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aadim Sanvidhan Sanrakshan Samiti (page does not exist)">Aadim Sanvidhan Sanrakshan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Central_Museum" title="Nagpur Central Museum">Nagpur Central Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-Central_Zone_Cultural_Centre" title="South-Central Zone Cultural Centre">South-Central Zone Cultural Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_City_LGBT_Pride_March" title="Orange City LGBT Pride March">Orange City LGBT Pride March</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_localities_in_Nagpur" title="List of localities in Nagpur">City areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_metropolitan_area" title="Nagpur metropolitan area">Nagpur metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhantoli" title="Dhantoli">Dhantoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itwari" class="mw-redirect" title="Itwari">Itwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitabuldi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitabuldi">Sitabuldi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mominpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mominpura (page does not exist)">Mominpura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dharampeth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dharampeth (page does not exist)">Dharampeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines" title="Civil Lines">Civil Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandhibagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandhibagh (page does not exist)">Gandhibagh</a></li> <li>Nandanvan</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalamna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalamna (page does not exist)">Kalamna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wardhamaan_Nagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wardhamaan Nagar (page does not exist)">Wardhamaan Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seminary_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seminary Hills (page does not exist)">Seminary Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_Line_Takli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police Line Takli (page does not exist)">Police Line Takli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mankapur,_Nagpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mankapur, Nagpur (page does not exist)">Mankapur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachpaoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachpaoli (page does not exist)">Pachpaoli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vayusena_Nagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vayusena Nagar (page does not exist)">Vayusena Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_Nagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravi Nagar (page does not exist)">Ravi Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byramji_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Byramji Town">Byramji Town</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaoni (page does not exist)">Chaoni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangalwari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangalwari (page does not exist)">Mangalwari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaddi_Godam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaddi Godam (page does not exist)">Gaddi Godam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratap_Nagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratap Nagar (page does not exist)">Pratap Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajni">Ajni</a></li> <li>Pardhi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indora" title="Indora">Indora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maskasath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maskasath (page does not exist)">Maskasath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lokmat" title="Lokmat">Lokmat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarun_Bharat" title="Tarun Bharat">Tarun Bharat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deshonatti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deshonatti (page does not exist)">Deshonatti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Times" title="Maharashtra Times">Maharashtra Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Punya_Nagari" title="Punya Nagari">Punya Nagari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokshahi_Varta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokshahi Varta (page does not exist)">Lokshahi Varta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakal" title="Sakal">Sakal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loksatta" title="Loksatta">Loksatta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugdharma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugdharma (page does not exist)">Yugdharma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nava_Bharat" title="Nava Bharat">Nava Bharat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dainik_Bhaskar" title="Dainik Bhaskar">Dainik Bhaskar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lokmat_Samachar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokmat Samachar">Lokmat Samachar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hitavada" title="The Hitavada">The Hitavada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagpur_Today&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagpur Today (page does not exist)">Nagpur Today</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lokmat_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokmat Times">Lokmat Times</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vividh_Bharati" title="Vividh Bharati">Vividh Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mirchi" title="Radio Mirchi">Radio Mirchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_FM_93.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Red FM 93.5">Red FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/94.3_FM" title="94.3 FM">94.3 FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyan_Vani" title="Gyan Vani">Gyan Vani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_(Indian_radio_station)" title="Radio City (Indian radio station)">Radio City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrasant_Tukadoji_Maharaj_Nagpur_University" title="Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University">Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Animal_and_Fishery_Sciences_University" title="Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University">Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_National_Law_University,_Nagpur" title="Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur">Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavikulaguru_Kalidas_Sanskrit_University" title="Kavikulaguru Kalidas Sanskrit University">Kavikulaguru Kalidas Sanskrit University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Information_Technology,_Nagpur" title="Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur">Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Nagpur" title="Indian Institute of Management Nagpur">Indian Institute of Management Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Power_Training_Institute" title="National Power Training Institute">National Power Training Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visvesvaraya_National_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology">Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences,_Nagpur" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur">All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Government_Medical_College,_Nagpur" title="Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur">Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College_and_Hospital,_Nagpur" title="Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur">Government Medical College and Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_College_of_Engineering,_Nagpur" title="Government College of Engineering, Nagpur">Government College of Engineering, Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxminarayan_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxminarayan Institute of Technology">Laxminarayan Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Management_Technology,_Nagpur" title="Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur">Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_International_University" title="Symbiosis International University">Symbiosis International University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Nagpur" title="List of educational institutions in Nagpur">List of educational institutions in Nagpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nagpur" title="Transport in Nagpur">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagpur_Bus_Stand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagpur Bus Stand (page does not exist)">Nagpur Bus Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Mahanagar_Parivahan_Limited" title="Nagpur Mahanagar Parivahan Limited">Nagpur Mahanagar Parivahan Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Nagpur_Expressway" title="Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway">Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AH43" title="AH43">AH43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Junction_railway_station" title="Nagpur Junction railway station">Nagpur Junction railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howrah%E2%80%93Nagpur%E2%80%93Mumbai_line" title="Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line">Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur%E2%80%93Bhusawal_section" title="Nagpur–Bhusawal section">Nagpur–Bhusawal section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilaspur%E2%80%93Nagpur_section" title="Bilaspur–Nagpur section">Bilaspur–Nagpur section</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagpur%E2%80%93Chhindwara_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagpur–Chhindwara line (page does not exist)">Nagpur–Chhindwara line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur%E2%80%93Nagbhir_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagpur–Nagbhir line">Nagpur–Nagbhir line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Metro" title="Nagpur Metro">Nagpur Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar_International_Airport" title="Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport">Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-modal_International_Cargo_Hub_and_Airport_at_Nagpur" title="Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur">MIHAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Nagpur" title="Outer Ring Road, Nagpur">Outer Ring Road, Nagpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baidyanath_Group" title="Baidyanath Group">Baidyanath Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinshaw%27s_Ice_Cream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinshaw's Ice Cream (page does not exist)">Dinshaw's Ice Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldiram%27s" title="Haldiram's">Haldiram's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_Industries_India_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar Industries India Ltd. (page does not exist)">Solar Industries India Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo_Rama_Synthetics_(India)_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo Rama Synthetics (India) Limited (page does not exist)">Indo Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahindra_%26_Mahindra" title="Mahindra & Mahindra">Mahindra & Mahindra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_Systems" title="Persistent Systems">Persistent Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candico" title="Candico">Candico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajaj_Auto" title="Bajaj Auto">Bajaj Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicco_Group" title="Vicco Group">Vicco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_State_Power_Generation_Company" title="Maharashtra State Power Generation Company">Maharashtra State Power Generation Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thermal_Power_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Thermal Power Corporation">National Thermal Power Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Consultancy_Services" title="Tata Consultancy Services">Tata Consultancy Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infosys" title="Infosys">Infosys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_Mahindra" title="Tech Mahindra">Tech Mahindra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCLTech" title="HCLTech">HCLTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalLogic" title="GlobalLogic">GlobalLogic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Advanced_Systems" title="Tata Advanced Systems">Tata Advanced Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_Corporation_of_India" title="Container Corporation of India">Container Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lupin">Lupin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coalfields" title="Western Coalfields">Western Coalfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_India" title="Coal India">Coal India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dassault_Reliance_Aerospace_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dassault Reliance Aerospace Limited (page does not exist)">Dassault Reliance Aerospace Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thales_Reliance_Defence_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thales Reliance Defence System (page does not exist)">Thales Reliance Defence System</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Engineering_Services_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air India Engineering Services Limited (page does not exist)">Air India Engineering Services Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AAR-Indamer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AAR-Indamer (page does not exist)">AAR-Indamer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha_Cricket_Association" title="Vidarbha Cricket Association">Vidarbha Cricket Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha_cricket_team" title="Vidarbha cricket team">Vidarbha cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagpur_Premier_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagpur Premier League (page does not exist)">Nagpur Premier League</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagpur_District_Football_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagpur District Football Association (page does not exist)">Nagpur District Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha_Hockey_Association_Stadium" title="Vidarbha Hockey Association Stadium">Vidarbha Hockey Association</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagpur_District_Badminton_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagpur District Badminton Association (page does not exist)">Nagpur District Badminton Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.5em;">Stadiums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha_Cricket_Association_Ground" title="Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground">Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha_Cricket_Association_Stadium" title="Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium">Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Stadium" title="Yashwant Stadium">Yashwant Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha_Hockey_Association_Stadium" title="Vidarbha Hockey Association Stadium">Vidarbha Hockey Association Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divisional_Sports_Complex_Stadium,_Mankapur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divisional Sports Complex Stadium, Mankapur (page does not exist)">Divisional Sports Complex Stadium, Mankapur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashtrasant_Tukadoji_Maharaj_Sports_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Sports Complex (page does not exist)">Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Nagar_Indoor_Sports_Complex" title="Vivekananda Nagar Indoor Sports Complex">Vivekananda Nagar Indoor Sports Complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268437#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268437#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268437#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/944815/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562547">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&oldid=1255560286">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gondi_people&oldid=1255560286</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scheduled_Tribes_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Scheduled Tribes of Andhra Pradesh">Scheduled Tribes of Andhra Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scheduled_Tribes_of_Telangana" title="Category:Scheduled Tribes of Telangana">Scheduled 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