CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Рэспубліка — Вікіпэдыя</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )be_x_oldwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","студзень","люты","сакавік","красавік","травень","чэрвень","ліпень","жнівень","верасень","кастрычнік","лістапад","сьнежань"],"wgRequestId":"99d06f79-9e13-4e7d-8125-a186c4b8a1db","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Рэспубліка","wgTitle":"Рэспубліка","wgCurRevisionId":2500263,"wgRevisionId":2500263,"wgArticleId":14344,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Вікіпэдыя:Артыкулы без крыніц","Вікіпэдыя:Істотныя артыкулы","Рэспублікі","Тэорыя права","Палітычныя сыстэмы","Паліталёгія"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"be-tarask","wgPageContentLanguage":"be-tarask","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Рэспубліка","wgRelevantArticleId":14344,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"be-tarask","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"be-tarask"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7270","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.blpEditNotice","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin", "mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=be-tarask&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=be-tarask&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=be-tarask&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Рэспубліка — Вікіпэдыя"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//be-tarask.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Рэдагаваць" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Вікіпэдыя (be-tarask)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.be-x-old"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Вікіпэдыя — Atom-стужка" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Рэспубліка rootpage-Рэспубліка skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Перайсьці да зьместу</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Галоўнае меню" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Галоўнае меню</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Галоўнае меню</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Навігацыя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наведаць галоўную старонку [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Галоўная старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Паказаць выпадковы артыкул [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Выпадковы артыкул</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%85"><span>Рубрыкацыя</span></a></li><li id="n-featured" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B"><span>Абраныя артыкулы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-participation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Удзел </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Паведаміць пра памылку</span></a></li><li id="n-bad-image" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Паведаміць пра памылку</span></a></li><li id="n-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Сьпіс апошніх зьменаў у Вікіпэдыі. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія зьмены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Месца, каб пра ўсё даведацца"><span>Дапамога</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be_x_old.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="вольная энцыкляпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be_x_old.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Шукаць у Вікіпэдыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Пошук у Вікіпэдыі" aria-label="Пошук у Вікіпэдыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Шукаць у Вікіпэдыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Спэцыяльныя:Пошук"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя прылады"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask" class=""><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсьці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Болей парамэтраў" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя прылады" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя прылады</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Карыстацкае мэню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask"><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсьці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для неаўтарызаваных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" aria-label="Даведайцеся пра рэдагаваньне болей"><span>даведацца болей</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сьпіс рэдагаваньняў, зробленых з гэтага IP-адрасу [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Унёсак</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Старонка гутарак пра рэдагаваньні, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адрасу [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Гутаркі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Зьмест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зьмест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Гісторыя" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гісторыя"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Гісторыя</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гісторыя-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Выбары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Выбары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Выбары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Выбары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тыпы_рэспублік" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тыпы_рэспублік"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Тыпы рэспублік</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тыпы_рэспублік-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вонкавыя_спасылкі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вонкавыя_спасылкі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Вонкавыя спасылкі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вонкавыя_спасылкі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Зьмест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Схаваць/паказаць зьмест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Схаваць/паказаць зьмест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Рэспубліка</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсьці да артыкула на іншай мове. Выбраць з: 181 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-181" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">181 мова</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Республикэ — кабардзінская" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Республикэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардзінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Республик — адыгейская" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Республик" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="адыгейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek — афрыкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Republiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="афрыкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — швайцарская нямецкая" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швайцарская нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AA%E1%8D%90%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%AD" title="ሪፐብሊክ — амгарская" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሪፐብሊክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynew%C4%ABse" title="Cynewīse — стараангельская" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cynewīse" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="стараангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جمهورية — арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica" title="Republica — арагонская" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ — арамэйская" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հանրապետութիւն — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հանրապետութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República — астурыйская" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavakuairet%C3%A3" title="Tavakuairetã — гуаранская" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tavakuairetã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуаранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Жумгьурият — аварская" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Жумгьурият" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublika" title="Respublika — азэрбайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Respublika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азэрбайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="جومهوریت — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جومهوریت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="প্রজাতন্ত্র — бэнгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бэнгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Kiōng-hô-kok — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика — башкірская" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкірская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рэспубліка — беларуская" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="रिपब्लिक — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република — баўгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="баўгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — баварская" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="баварская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — басьнійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="басьнійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — брэтонская" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="брэтонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бүгэдэ найрамдаха улас — бурацкая" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бүгэдэ найрамдаха улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República — каталёнская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталёнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика — чуваская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — сэбуанская" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="сэбуанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — чэская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyika_yeRudhende" title="Nyika yeRudhende — шонская" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nyika yeRudhende" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweriniaeth" title="Gweriniaeth — валійская" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweriniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republihkka" title="Republihkka — паўночнасаамская" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Republihkka" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="паўночнасаамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="गणतन्त्र — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vabariik" title="Vabariik — эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B1)" title="Πολιτεία (έννοια) — грэцкая" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιτεία (έννοια)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica" title="Repùblica — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Repùblica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic — ангельская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика — эрзянская" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República — гішпанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="гішпанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добры артыкул"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respubliko" title="Respubliko — эспэранта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Respubliko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эспэранта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errepublika" title="Errepublika — баскаўская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскаўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جمهوری — пэрсыдзкая" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="пэрсыдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganrajya" title="Ganrajya — фіджыйская гіндзі" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ganrajya" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="фіджыйская гіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsetaskipan" title="Forsetaskipan — фарэрская" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Forsetaskipan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарэрская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique" title="République — француская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republyk" title="Republyk — заходняя фрыская" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Republyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="заходняя фрыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndenndaandi" title="Ndenndaandi — фульская" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ndenndaandi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="фульская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiche" title="Republiche — фрыюльская" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Republiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фрыюльская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblacht" title="Poblacht — ірляндзкая" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Poblacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobblaght" title="Pobblaght — мэнская" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pobblaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblachd" title="Poblachd — шатляндзкая гэльская" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Poblachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шатляндзкая гэльская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República — галіцыйская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галіцыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика — інгуская" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="інгуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Khiung-fò-koet — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khiung-fò-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C" title="공화제 — карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공화제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հանրապետություն — армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="गणराज्य — гіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="гіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — верхнялужыцкая" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="верхнялужыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiko" title="Republiko — ідзкая" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Republiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ідзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — ілаканская" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ілаканская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — інданэзійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданэзійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica" title="Republica — інтэрлінгва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="інтэрлінгва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Республикæ — асэтынская" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Республикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="асэтынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Republic" title="I-Republic — коская" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Republic" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="коская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi" title="Lýðveldi — ісьляндзкая" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lýðveldi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ісьляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica" title="Repubblica — італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="רפובליקה — іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רפובליקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik" title="Républik — яванская" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ — канадзкая" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="канадзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика — карачай-балкарская" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="карачай-балкарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რესპუბლიკა — грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика — казаская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblek" title="Repoblek — корнская" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Repoblek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuri" title="Jamhuri — суахілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamhuri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика — комі" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="комі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repiblik" title="Repiblik — гаіцянская крэольская" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Repiblik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаіцянская крэольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komar" title="Komar — курдзкая" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Komar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика — кыргыская" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кыргыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica" title="Republica — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Republica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika" title="Repuvlika — ладынская" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ສາທາລະນະລັດ — лаоская" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາທາລະນະລັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаоская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica" title="Res publica — лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — латыская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — люксэмбурская" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксэмбурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublika" title="Respublika — летувіская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="летувіская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rippebliek" title="Rippebliek — лімбурская" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rippebliek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лімбурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republ%C3%ADki" title="Republíki — лінгалійская" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Republíki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лінгалійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republega" title="Republega — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Republega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Köztársaság — вугорская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="вугорская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република — македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblika" title="Repoblika — малягасійская" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Repoblika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малягасійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഗണതന്ത്രം — малаяламская" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗണതന്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаяламская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="प्रजासत्ताक — маратгійская" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратгійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რესპუბლიკა — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="جمهوريه — эгіпецкая арабская" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جمهوريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="эгіпецкая арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جومبوری — мазандэранская" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جومبوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандэранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República — мірандыйская" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мірандыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Республикась — макшанская" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Республикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="макшанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Бүгд Найрамдах Улс — мангольская" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бүгд Найрамдах Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="мангольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ — бірманская" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бірманская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek — нідэрляндзкая" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Republiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rippebliek" title="Rippebliek — ніжнесаксонская" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Rippebliek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ніжнесаксонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="गणतन्त्र — нэпальская" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="нэпальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="गणतन्त्र — неўарыйская" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неўарыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制 — японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="共和制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbreca" title="Repubbreca — нэапалітанская" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Repubbreca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="нэапалітанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика — чачэнская" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чачэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiik" title="Republiik — паўночнафрызская" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Republiik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="паўночнафрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikk" title="Republikk — нарвэская (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikk" title="Republikk — нарвэская (нюнашк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (нюнашк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publyique" title="Républyique — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Républyique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica" title="Republica — аксытанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксытанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Республик — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Республик" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0" title="ସାଧାରଣତନ୍ତ୍ର — орыянская" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାଧାରଣତନ୍ତ୍ର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="орыянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublika" title="Respublika — узбэцкая" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Respublika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਗਣਰਾਜ — панджабская" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਣਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="جمہوریہ — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblika" title="Repúblika — пап’ямэнцкая" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Repúblika" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="пап’ямэнцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87" title="ولسمشریزه — пуштунская" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولسمشریزه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пуштунская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B" title="សាធារណរដ្ឋ — кгмэрская" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សាធារណរដ្ឋ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кгмэрская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica" title="Repùblica — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Repùblica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek — ніжненямецкая" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Republiek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ніжненямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República — партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublika" title="Respublika — Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Respublika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet — крымска-татарская" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Cumhuriyet" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымска-татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic%C4%83" title="Republică — румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketnepen" title="Ketnepen — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Ketnepen" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica" title="Republica — рэтараманская" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Republica" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="рэтараманская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuwlika" title="Ripuwlika — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ripuwlika" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Републіка — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Републіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика — расейская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="расейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Өрөспүүбүлүкэ — якуцкая" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Өрөспүүбүлүкэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="якуцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic — шатляндзкая" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Republic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шатляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — альбанская" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="альбанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%C3%B9bbrica" title="Ripùbbrica — сыцылійская" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ripùbbrica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сыцылійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic — спрошчаная ангельская" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="спрошчаная ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%AA" title="ريپبلڪ — сіндгская" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ريپبلڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="сіндгская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuriyadda" title="Jamhuriyadda — самалійская" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jamhuriyadda" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="самалійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کۆمار — цэнтральнакурдзкая" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="цэнтральнакурдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република — сэрбская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сэрбская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — сэрбскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сэрбскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik" title="Républik — сундзкая" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Républik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasavalta" title="Tasavalta — фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="якасны артыкул"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — швэдзкая" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швэдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="குடியரசு — тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagduda" title="Tagduda — кабільская" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagduda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Җөмһүрият — татарская" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җөмһүрият" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="గణతంత్ర రాజ్యం — тэлуская" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గణతంత్ర రాజ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="สาธารณรัฐ — тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AA%E1%8D%93%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%AD" title="ሪፓብሊክ — тыгрыньская" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሪፓብሊክ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="тыгрыньская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Ҷумҳурӣ — таджыцкая" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet — турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cumhuriyet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республіка — украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="جمہوریہ — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA_%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B2%DB%88%D9%85%D9%89" title="جۇمھۇرىيەت تۈزۈمى — уйгурская" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جۇمھۇرىيەت تۈزۈمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega" title="Repùblega — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a" title="Cộng hòa — віетнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="віетнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BCblik%C3%A4n" title="Repüblikän — валапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Repüblikän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="валапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C" title="共和 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="共和" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Republiek" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika — варайская" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制 — ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="共和制" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7" title="רעפובליק — ідыш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רעפובליק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ідыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8_ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira" title="Orílẹ̀-èdè olómìnira — ёрубская" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orílẹ̀-èdè olómìnira" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ёрубская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制 — кантонская" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="共和制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cumhuriyet" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respobl%C4%97ka" title="Respoblėka — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Respoblėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制 — кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="共和制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiblik" title="Kiblik — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kiblik" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7270#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Рэдагаваць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Паказаць зьмест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Артыкул</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5:%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Абмеркаваньне зьместу старонкі (старонка не існуе) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Абмеркаваньне</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зьмяніць варыянт мовы" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Рэжымы"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Рэдагаваць гэтую старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Рэдагаваць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Рэдагаваць крынічны тэкст гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=history" title="Мінулыя вэрсіі гэтай старонкі. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструмэнты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструмэнты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Інструмэнты</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Болей вопцыяў" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дзеяньні </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Рэдагаваць гэтую старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Рэдагаваць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Рэдагаваць крынічны тэкст гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=history"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Агульныя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сьпіс усіх старонак, якія спасылаюцца на гэтую [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Спасылкі на старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" rel="nofollow" title="Апошнія зьмены ў старонках, на якія спасылаецца гэтая старонка [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Зьвязаныя рэдагаваньні</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Сьпіс усіх спэцыяльных старонак [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Спэцыяльныя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&oldid=2500263" title="Сталая спасылка на гэтую вэрсію старонкі"><span>Сталая спасылка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=info" title="Болей інфармацыі пра гэтую старонку"><span>Зьвесткі пра старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&id=2500263&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Інфармацыя пра тое, як цытатаваць гэтую старонку"><span>Цытаваць старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe-tarask.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D1%258D%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0"><span>Атрымаць скарочаны URL-адрас</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe-tarask.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D1%258D%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0"><span>Спампаваць QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Друк/экспарт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0"><span>Стварыць кнігу</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>Загрузіць як PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&printable=yes" title="Вэрсія гэтай старонкі для друку [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Вэрсія для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Republic" hreflang="en"><span>Вікісховішча</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7270" title="Спасылка на аб’ект у рэпазыторыі зьвестак [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Аб’ект Вікізьвестак</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Зьвесткі зь Вікіпэдыі — вольнай энцыкляпэдыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><i>Гэтая назва мае некалькі сэнсаў. Калі вас цікавяць іншыя сэнсы, глядзіце таксама <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C)" class="mw-disambig" title="Рэспубліка (неадназначнасьць)">Рэспубліка (неадназначнасьць)</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2580762">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>У гэтым артыкуле няма <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Вікіпэдыя:Спасылкі на крыніцы">спасылак</a> на якія-небудзь <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Вікіпэдыя:Магчымасьць праверкі">крыніцы</a></b>.<br /> <div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.5em;"> <ul><li>Вы можаце дапамагчы Вікіпэдыі, <a class="external text" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit">дадаўшы спасылкі</a> на аўтарытэтныя крыніцы. Матэрыялы без крыніцаў могуць быць аспрэчаныя й <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Вікіпэдыя:Выдаленьне артыкулаў">выдаленыя</a>.</li> <li><i>Шукаць крыніцы:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Рэспубліка%22">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Рэспубліка%22+-wikipedia">кнігі</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Рэспубліка%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">навіны</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Рэспубліка%22">акадэмія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Рэспубліка%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org">відарысы</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Рэспубліка%22"><abbr title="Крыніцы Вікіпэдыі">ВП крыніцы</abbr></a>)<span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Рэспубліка%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="ангельскай мовай">(анг.)</small><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Рэспубліка%22"><abbr title="Бібліятэка Вікіпэдыі">БВ</abbr></a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knihi.com/search.html#Рэспубліка">Беларуская Палічка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slounik.org/search?dict=&search=%22Рэспубліка%22">Slounik.org</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%22Рэспубліка%22%20AND%20mediatype:texts">Архіў Інтэрнэту</a> <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="ангельскай мовай">(анг.)</small></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table align="right" class="infobox" style="width: 22em;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 120%"> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Формы дзяржавы (старонка не існуе)">Формы дзяржавы</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%"> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Палітычны рэжым">Палітычныя рэжымы</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%"> <td> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дэмакратыя">Дэмакратыя</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Імітацыйная дэмакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Імітацыйная</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лібэральная дэмакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Лібэральная</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Прадстаўнічая дэмакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Прадстаўнічая</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Прамая дэмакратыя">Прамая</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Аўтарытарызм">Аўтарытарызм</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Карпаратыўны аўтарытарызм (старонка не існуе)">Карпаратыўны</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дататалітарны аўтарытарызм (старонка не існуе)">Дататалітарны</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Посткаляніяльны аўтарытарызм (старонка не існуе)">Посткаляніяльны</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Таталітарызм">Таталітарызм</a></b></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%"> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Дзяржаўны лад">Формы дзяржаўнага ладу</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%"> <td> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Унітарная дзяржава">Унітарная дзяржава</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Фэдэрацыя">Фэдэрацыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Канфэдэрацыя">Канфэдэрацыя</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Садружнасьць (старонка не існуе)">Садружнасьць</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Пратэктарат">Пратэктарат</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Асацыяваная дзяржава (старонка не існуе)">Асацыяваная дзяржава</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Дамініён">Дамініён</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8E%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кондамініюм (старонка не існуе)">Кондамініюм</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Імпэрыя (старонка не існуе)">Імпэрыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гегемон (старонка не існуе)">Гегемон</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джамахірыя (старонка не існуе)">Джамахірыя</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%"> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Форма дзяржаўнага кіраваньня">Формы дзяржаўнага кіраваньня</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%"> <td> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Манархія">Манархія</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Абсалютная манархія">Абсалютная</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Саслоўна-прадстаўнічая манархія (старонка не існуе)">Саслоўна-прадстаўнічая</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Канстытуцыйная манархія">Канстытуцыйная</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дуалістычная манархія (старонка не існуе)">Дуалістычная</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Фэадалізм">Фэадалізм</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Манархія з рэспубліканскімі элемэнтамі (старонка не існуе)">з рэспубліканскімі элемэнтамі</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ангельскі абсалютызм">Ангельскі абсалютызм</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Рэспубліка</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Парлямэнцкая рэспубліка">Парлямэнцкая</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Прэзыдэнцкая рэспубліка">Прэзыдэнцкая</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зьмяшаная рэспубліка">Зьмяшаная</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Супэрпрэзыдэнцкая рэспубліка">Супэрпрэзыдэнцкая</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Савецкая рэспубліка">Савецкая</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дырэктарыяльная сыстэма (старонка не існуе)">Дырэкторыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тэакратычная рэспубліка (старонка не існуе)">Тэакратычныя</a></dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%"> <td><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:left;;">Іншае</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Гібрыдны рэжым">Гібрыдны рэжым</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тэхнакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Тэхнакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Матрыярхат">Матрыярхат</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Патрыярхат">Патрыярхат</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дэвалюцыя">Дэвалюцыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Аўтакратыя">Аўтакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Дыктатура">Дыктатура</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ваенная дыктатура">Ваенная дыктатура</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Таталітарызм">Таталітарызм</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тыранія">Тыранія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ваенна-бюракратычны рэжым (старонка не існуе)">Ваенна-бюракратычны рэжым</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Расавая квазідэмакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Расавая квазідэмакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Султаніцкі рэжым (старонка не існуе)">Султаніцкі рэжым</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Інфармацыйная аўтакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Інфармацыйная аўтакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Анархія">Анархія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Анархізм">Анархізм</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вольная асацыяцыя (старонка не існуе)">Вольная асацыяцыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Безьдзяржаўнае грамадзтва">Безьдзяржаўнае грамадзтва</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Арыстакратыя">Арыстакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Анакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Анакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Герантакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Герантакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Клептакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Клептакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Крытархія (старонка не існуе)">Крытархія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Мэрытакратыя">Мэрытакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ноакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Ноакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Партыкратыя (старонка не існуе)">Партыкратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Плутакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Плутакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тэхнакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Тэхнакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Тэакратыя">Тэакратыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дэспатызм (старонка не існуе)">Дэспатызм</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: right; font-size: 90%;"> <td><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:EditPage/%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD:%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Спэцыяльныя:EditPage/шаблён:формы кіраваньня">рэд</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Шаблён:Формы кіраваньня">пр</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%83:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абмеркаваньне шаблёну:Формы кіраваньня (старонка не існуе)">разм</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Рэспу́бліка</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова">па-лацінску</a>: <i><span lang="la">res publica</span></i>, «грамадзкая справа», «рэч паспалітая») — гэта <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Форма дзяржаўнага кіраваньня">форма дзяржаўнага кіраваньня</a>, пры якой вярхоўная ўлада ажыцьцяўляецца выбарнымі органамі, абранымі насельніцтвам (але не заўсёды) на пэўны тэрмін. У цяперашні час з 190 дзяржаваў сьвету больш за 140 зьяўляюцца рэспублікамі. </p><p>Рэспубліцы ўласьцівыя наступныя прыкметы: </p> <ul><li>Існаваньне аднаасобнага і калегіяльнага кіраўніка дзяржавы — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Прэзыдэнт">прэзыдэнта</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парлямэнт">парлямэнту</a>. Парлямэнт уяўляе заканадаўчую ўладу. Задача прэзыдэнта — узначальваць выканаўчую ўладу, але гэта характэрна не для ўсіх тыпаў рэспублік.</li> <li>Выбарнасьць на пэўны тэрмін <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Глава дзяржавы (старонка не існуе)">главы дзяржавы</a> і іншых вярхоўных органаў дзяржаўнай улады. Так, прэзыдэнт і парлямэнт павінны абірацца народам на пэўны тэрмін.</li> <li>Юрыдычная адказнасьць главы дзяржавы.</li> <li>У выпадках, прадугледжаных <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Канстытуцыя">канстытуцыяй</a>, правам выступу ад імя дзяржавы валодае прэзыдэнт.</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Клясыфікацыя (старонка не існуе)">Клясыфікацыя</a> рэспублік зьвязаная з тым, якім менавіта чынам ажыцьцяўляецца <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Палітычная ўлада (старонка не існуе)">палітычная ўлада</a>, і хто з суб’ектаў дзяржаўна-прававых адносін нададзены вялікай колькасьцю паўнамоцтваў. Або, інакш кажучы, рэспублікі падзяляюцца па трох парамэтрах: </p> <ul><li>як абіраецца парлямэнт,</li> <li>як фармуецца <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Урад">ўрад</a>,</li> <li>які аб’ём правамоцтваў прыналежыць прэзыдэнту.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гісторыя"><span id=".D0.93.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F"></span>Гісторыя</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Гісторыя»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гісторыя"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Republica_Romana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Republica_Romana.svg/250px-Republica_Romana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Republica_Romana.svg/375px-Republica_Romana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Republica_Romana.svg/500px-Republica_Romana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Мапа <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рымская рэспубліка">Рымскай рэспублікі</a>, адной зь першых рэспублік у сьвеце</figcaption></figure> <p>Сёньня большасьць краінаў сьвету зьяўляюцца рэспублікамі. Хоць рэспубліка лічыцца шматлікімі сучаснай формай улады і <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Сынонім">сынонімам</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дэмакратыя">дэмакратыі</a>, гэтае хібнае меркаваньне, заснаванае на тым, што гістарычна было больш дзяржаўных утварэньняў з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Манархія">манархічнай формай кіраваньня</a>, дзе ўлада перадаецца па спадчыне. </p><p>Першыя рэспублікі паўсталі яшчэ ў антычнасьці (гл. «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атэнская дэмакратыя (старонка не існуе)">Атэнская дэмакратыя</a>» і «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рымская рэспубліка">Рымская рэспубліка</a>». У <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Сярэднявечча">Сярэднявеччы</a> на тэрыторыі сучаснай <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Расея">Расейскай Фэдэрацыі</a> доўгі час існавалі <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наўгародзкая рэспубліка">Наўгародзкая рэспубліка</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пскоўская рэспубліка">Пскоўская рэспубліка</a> (але яны былі зьнішчаныя <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Масковія">Масковіяй</a> на чале з Іванам Жахлівым). А ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Эўропа">Эўропе</a> больш за <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Тысячагодзьдзе">тысячагодзьдзе</a> існавала <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вэнэцыянская рэспубліка">Вэнэцыянская рэспубліка</a>. А створаная ў 301 годзе рэспубліка <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сан-Марына">Сан-Марына</a> існуе і ў цяперашні час. </p><p>У большасьці сучасных рэспублік кіраўнік дзяржавы (у асноўным, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Прэзыдэнт">прэзыдэнт</a>) абіраецца ўсеагульным галасаваньнем грамадзян краіны або ўсенародна абраным <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парлямэнт">парлямэнтам</a>. Улада главы дзяржавы таксама абмежаваная ў залежнасьці ад Канстытуцыі — ад даволі самавітых паўнамоцтваў (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ЗША">ЗША</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Расея">Расея</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Францыя">Францыя</a>) да чыста цырыманіяльна-прадстаўніцкіх функцый (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Аўстрыя">Аўстрыя</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нямеччына">Нямеччына</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Італія">Італія</a>). </p><p>У адрозьненьне ад Сярэднявечных рэспублік, у шматлікіх сучасных дэмакратычных дзяржавах абмежаваныя ня толькі <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Тэрмін">тэрмін</a> паўнамоцтваў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Прэзыдэнт">прэзыдэнта</a>, але і сама колькасьць тэрмінаў. Таксама абмежаваная, хоць і ў рознай меры, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Улада">улада</a> кіраўніка дзяржавы. Права галасу ў рэспубліках маюць усё <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Грамадзянства (старонка не існуе)">грамадзяне</a> краіны. Для параўнаньня, у Вэнэцыянскай рэспубліцы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дож (старонка не існуе)">дож</a> абіраўся пажыцьцёва і ня ўсімі грамадзянамі, а таксама меў практычна неабмежаваныя паўнамоцтвы. Аднак, і ў цяперашні час у некаторых краінах выбары не зьяўляюцца ўсеагульнымі. У <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="ПАР">ПАР</a> да 1990-х ня мелі права голасу <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Негр (старонка не існуе)">негры</a> і <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мулат (старонка не існуе)">мулаты</a>. </p><p>У рэспубліках адменены інстытут <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Дваранства">дваранства</a>. Усе грамадзяне маюць роўныя правы, аднак, ня ўсе сталыя жыхары, нават народжаныя на тэрыторыі краінаў маюць грамадзянства. </p><p>У некаторых рэспубліках ёсьць пажыцьцёвыя сэнатары (<a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Італія">Італія</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Францыя">Францыя</a>), але іх месцы не перадаюцца па спадчыне. </p><p>Аднак рэспубліка не зьяўляецца <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Сынонімы">сынонімам</a> дэмакратыі. У шматлікіх краінах, афіцыйна рэспубліках, адмяняюцца <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Выбары">выбары</a> прэзыдэнта альбо адбываюцца на безальтэрнатыўнай аснове. У той жа час у шматлікіх дзяржавах-манархіях дэмакратычныя інстытуты шырока распаўсюджаныя. </p><p>Рэспубліка — самая распаўсюджаная сёньня палітычная форма кіраваньня. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Манархія">Манархія</a> ў некаторых краінах — толькі даніна традыцыі. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Выбары"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8B.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Выбары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Выбары»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Выбары"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Асноўны артыкул: <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Выбары">Выбары</a></div> <p>У лібэральных дэмакратыях <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Прэзыдэнт">прэзыдэнт</a> абіраецца альбо непасрэдна народам, альбо ўскосна, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Парлямэн (старонка не існуе)">парлямэнтам</a> або <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сэнат (старонка не існуе)">сэнатам</a>. Як правіла, пры прэзыдэнцкай і парлямэнцка-прэзыдэнцкай форме кіраваньня прэзыдэнт абіраецца непасрэдна народам ці ўскосна, як гэта робіцца ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі">Злучаных Штатах Амэрыкі</a>. У гэтай краіне прэзыдэнт афіцыйна абіраецца калегіяй выбарнікаў, абранай дзяржавай з дапамогай прамога галасаваньня выбаршчыкаў. Ускосныя выбары прэзыдэнта праз калегію выбаршчыкаў адпавядаюць канцэпцыі рэспублікі ў якасьці адной з сыстэмаў непрамых выбараў. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тыпы_рэспублік"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.8B.D0.BF.D1.8B_.D1.80.D1.8D.D1.81.D0.BF.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.BB.D1.96.D0.BA"></span>Тыпы рэспублік</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Тыпы рэспублік»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Тыпы рэспублік"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Парлямэнцкая рэспубліка">Парлямэнцкая рэспубліка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Прэзыдэнцкая рэспубліка">Прэзыдэнцкая рэспубліка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зьмяшаная рэспубліка">Зьмяшаная рэспубліка</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фэадальная рэспубліка (старонка не існуе)">Фэадальная рэспубліка</a> (гл.: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наўгародзкая рэспубліка">Наўгародзкая фэадальная рэспубліка</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пскоўская рэспубліка">Пскоўская фэадальная рэспубліка</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рабаўладальніцкая рэспубліка (старонка не існуе)">Рабаўладальніцкая рэспубліка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Веча">Веча</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вонкавыя_спасылкі"><span id=".D0.92.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.8B.D1.8F_.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Вонкавыя спасылкі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Вонкавыя спасылкі»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Вонкавыя спасылкі"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliotekar.ru/konstitucionnoe-pravo-1/105.htm">Рэспубліка</a> на bibliotekar.ru</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ymniki.ru/respublika.html">Рэспубліка</a>. Электронны слоўнік Умники.ру</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Атрымана з «<a dir="ltr" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Рэспубліка&oldid=2500263">https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Рэспубліка&oldid=2500263</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Спэцыяльныя:Катэгорыі">Катэгорыі</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Катэгорыя:Рэспублікі">Рэспублікі</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Тэорыя права">Тэорыя права</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Катэгорыя:Палітычныя сыстэмы">Палітычныя сыстэмы</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Катэгорыя:Паліталёгія">Паліталёгія</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Схаваныя катэгорыі: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86" title="Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыя:Артыкулы без крыніц">Вікіпэдыя:Артыкулы без крыніц</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыя:Істотныя артыкулы">Вікіпэдыя:Істотныя артыкулы</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Гэтая старонка апошні раз рэдагавалася 4 красавіка 2024 году ў 08:56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Гэты тэкст даступны на ўмовах <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.be">ліцэнзіі Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike 4.0</a>; у асобных выпадках могуць ужывацца дадатковыя ўмовы. <span class="noprint">Глядзіце падрабязнасьці ва <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/be-tarask">Ўмовах выкарыстаньня</a>.</span><br />Wikipedia® — зарэгістраваны гандлёвы знак <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, некамэрцыйнай арганізацыі.<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Палітыка прыватнасьці</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8E">Пра Вікіпэдыю</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96">Адмова ад адказнасьці</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Кодэкс паводзінаў</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/How_to_contribute/be-tarask">Распрацоўнікі</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/be-tarask.wikipedia.org">Статыстыка</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Заява пра маркёр</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//be-tarask.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Мабільная вэрсія</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nt2gf","wgBackendResponseTime":284,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.125","walltime":"0.184","ppvisitednodes":{"value":572,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":26178,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":928,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1700,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 126.134 1 -total"," 56.43% 71.173 1 Шаблён:Няма_крыніц"," 53.90% 67.988 1 Шаблён:Паведамленьне"," 26.33% 33.211 1 Шаблён:Формы_кіраваньня"," 18.14% 22.883 1 Шаблён:Пошук"," 8.45% 10.654 1 Шаблён:Асноўны_артыкул"," 6.67% 8.413 1 Шаблён:Мова-la"," 4.86% 6.130 1 Шаблён:Пачатак_схаванага_блёку"," 3.97% 5.005 2 Шаблён:Ref-en"," 3.11% 3.918 1 Шаблён:Усё_ў_капітэль"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.034","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1093009,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-78fc6dc798-22fr6","timestamp":"20241121002138","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0420\u044d\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430","url":"https:\/\/be-tarask.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7270","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7270","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0423\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u045e \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0434\u044b\u044f"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-11-07T01:35:10Z","dateModified":"2024-04-04T05:56:54Z","headline":"\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0437\u044f\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439"}</script> </body> </html>