CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="0638869d-3d27-434f-b3ab-0dc0e9cf70f8" tb-donotmove></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/templates/met_2022/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/templates/met_2022/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/templates/met_2022/images/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/templates/met_2022/images/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/templates/met_2022/images/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/templates/met_2022/images/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit-pro.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagservices.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://olytics.omeda.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://px.ads.linkedin.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://snap.licdn.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://agent.extrawatch.com"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/templates/met_2022/css/template.min.css?t=1732180729" integrity="sha512-UtoJaAI/4JQBZM00iYjo3qQK6A+Ak0jFi1wyU8KpaMUjQeqnekY5yHFR3nMajeDbJPLgcQD0/N3vXpzqE5uLHQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.14.5/sweetalert2.all.min.js" integrity="sha512-m4zOGknNg3h+mK09EizkXi9Nf7B3zwsN9ow+YkYIPZoA6iX2vSzLezg4FnW0Q6Z1CPaJdwgUFQ3WSAUC4E/5Hg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <meta name="keywords" content="Energy,Batteries"> <meta name="author" content="SAE Media Group"> <meta property="og:description" content="Discover the latest advancements in EV batteries, including innovations in battery technology, energy storage, and solutions for enhancing electric vehicles."> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta value="twitter:site" content="@TechBriefsMag"> <meta name="description" content="Discover the latest advancements in EV batteries, including innovations in battery technology, energy storage, and solutions for enhancing electric vehicles."> <title>Batteries - Mobility Engineering Technology</title> <link href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/met/topic/ev-hub/batteries" rel="canonical"> <style>/** * Critical CSS created by criticalcss.com * file: /css/critical/tags-topic.css' * createdAt : 2024-11-21T09:24:53.000Z * resultStatus : GOOD * originalSize : 288152 * size : 0 * validationStatus : GOOD */ @charset "UTF-8";@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6uyw4BMUTPHjx4wWw.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6u9w4BMUTPHh6UVSwiPHA.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:900;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6u9w4BMUTPHh50XSwiPHA.ttf) format('truetype')}:root{--bs-blue:#324a98;--bs-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-purple:#6f42c1;--bs-pink:#e83e8c;--bs-red:#e60000;--bs-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-green:#28a745;--bs-teal:#20c997;--bs-cyan:#17a2b8;--bs-black:#000000;--bs-white:#ffffff;--bs-gray:#6c757d;--bs-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-gray-100:#f8f9fa;--bs-gray-200:#e9ecef;--bs-gray-300:#dee2e6;--bs-gray-400:#ced4da;--bs-gray-500:#adb5bd;--bs-gray-600:#6c757d;--bs-gray-700:#495057;--bs-gray-800:#343a40;--bs-gray-900:#212529;--bs-primary:#005095;--bs-secondary:#6c757d;--bs-success:#28a745;--bs-info:#17a2b8;--bs-warning:#ffc107;--bs-danger:#e60000;--bs-light:#f8f9fa;--bs-dark:#212529;--bs-inverse:#000000;--bs-navbar:#005095;--bs-navitem:#ffffff;--bs-lightgray:#e9ecef;--bs-color-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-color-cyan:#17a2b8;--bs-color-blue:#324a98;--bs-color-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-color-red:#e60000;--bs-color-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-color-teal:#20c997;--bs-color-green:#28a745;--bs-color-pink:#e83e8c;--bs-color-black:#000000;--bs-color-white:#ffffff;--bs-color-gray:#6c757d;--bs-color-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-primary-rgb:0,80,149;--bs-secondary-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-success-rgb:40,167,69;--bs-info-rgb:23,162,184;--bs-warning-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-danger-rgb:230,0,0;--bs-light-rgb:248,249,250;--bs-dark-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-inverse-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-navbar-rgb:0,80,149;--bs-navitem-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-lightgray-rgb:233,236,239;--bs-color-indigo-rgb:102,16,242;--bs-color-cyan-rgb:23,162,184;--bs-color-blue-rgb:50,74,152;--bs-color-orange-rgb:253,126,20;--bs-color-red-rgb:230,0,0;--bs-color-yellow-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-color-teal-rgb:32,201,151;--bs-color-green-rgb:40,167,69;--bs-color-pink-rgb:232,62,140;--bs-color-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-color-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-color-gray-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-color-gray-dark-rgb:52,58,64;--bs-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-body-color-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-body-bg-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-font-sans-serif:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue","Noto Sans","Liberation Sans",Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";--bs-font-monospace:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace;--bs-gradient:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));--bs-body-font-family:var(--bs-font-sans-serif);--bs-body-font-size:1rem;--bs-body-font-weight:400;--bs-body-line-height:1.5;--bs-body-color:#212529;--bs-body-bg:#ffffff;--bs-border-width:1px;--bs-border-style:solid;--bs-border-color:#dee2e6;--bs-border-color-translucent:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.175);--bs-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-border-radius-sm:0.25rem;--bs-border-radius-lg:0.5rem;--bs-border-radius-xl:1rem;--bs-border-radius-2xl:2rem;--bs-border-radius-pill:50rem;--bs-link-color:#01abe9;--bs-link-hover-color:#8e8e8e;--bs-code-color:#e83e8c;--bs-highlight-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4)}*,::after,::before{box-sizing:border-box}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){:root{scroll-behavior:smooth}}body{margin:0;font-family:var(--bs-body-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-body-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-body-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-body-line-height);color:var(--bs-body-color);text-align:var(--bs-body-text-align);background-color:var(--bs-body-bg);-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:1rem}hr{margin:1rem 0;color:inherit;border:0;border-top:1px solid;opacity:.25}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2}h1{font-size:calc(1.375rem + 1.5vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h1{font-size:2.5rem}}h2{font-size:calc(1.325rem + .9vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h2{font-size:2rem}}h3{font-size:calc(1.3rem + .6vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h3{font-size:1.75rem}}h4{font-size:calc(1.275rem + .3vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h4{font-size:1.5rem}}h5{font-size:1.25rem}h6{font-size:1rem}p{margin-top:0}ol,ul{padding-left:2rem;margin-top:0}ol,p,ul{margin-bottom:1rem}a{color:var(--bs-link-color);text-decoration:underline;color:#01a0e9}img,svg{vertical-align:middle}label{display:inline-block}button{border-radius:0;text-transform:none}button,input{margin:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}[type=button],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border-style:none}::-webkit-datetime-edit-day-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-fields-wrapper,::-webkit-datetime-edit-hour-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-minute,::-webkit-datetime-edit-month-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-text,::-webkit-datetime-edit-year-field{padding:0}::-webkit-inner-spin-button{height:auto}::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{padding:0}::file-selector-button{font:inherit;-webkit-appearance:button}iframe{border:0}.img-fluid,img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.container,.container-fluid{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media (min-width:768px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1140px}}@media (min-width:1400px){.container{max-width:1320px}}.row{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:calc(-1*var(--bs-gutter-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x));margin-left:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x))}.row>*{flex-shrink:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-top:var(--bs-gutter-y)}.col{flex:1 0 0%}.col-2{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-4{flex:0 0 auto;width:33.33333333%}.col-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}.col-10{flex:0 0 auto;width:83.33333333%}.col-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}.g-0{--bs-gutter-x:0;--bs-gutter-y:0}@media (min-width:576px){.col-sm-6{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}}@media (min-width:768px){.col-md-2{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-md-10{flex:0 0 auto;width:83.33333333%}.col-md-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}}@media (min-width:992px){.col-lg-auto{flex:0 0 auto;width:auto}.col-lg-4{flex:0 0 auto;width:33.33333333%}.col-lg-6{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-lg-7,.col-lg-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:58.33333333%}.col-lg-8{width:66.66666667%}.col-lg-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}}@media (min-width:1200px){.col-xl-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #ced4da;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:.375rem}.form-control::-webkit-date-and-time-value{height:1.5em}.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:#6c757d;opacity:1}.form-floating{position:relative}.form-floating>.form-control{height:calc(3.5rem + 2px);line-height:1.25;padding:1rem .75rem}.form-floating>label{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;padding:1rem .75rem;overflow:hidden;text-align:start;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid transparent;transform-origin:0 0}.form-floating>.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill{padding-top:1.625rem;padding-bottom:.625rem}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill~label{opacity:.65;transform:scale(.85) translateY(-.5rem) translateX(.15rem)}.input-group{position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:stretch;width:100%}.input-group>.form-floating{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;width:1%;min-width:0}.input-group .btn{position:relative;z-index:2}.input-group:not(.has-validation)>.form-floating:not(:last-child)>.form-control{border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}.input-group>:not(:first-child):not(.dropdown-menu):not(.valid-tooltip):not(.valid-feedback):not(.invalid-tooltip):not(.invalid-feedback){margin-left:-1px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.btn{color:var(--bs-btn-color);background-color:var(--bs-btn-bg);--bs-btn-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-btn-padding-y:0.375rem;--bs-btn-font-size:1rem;--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-line-height:1.5;--bs-btn-color:#212529;--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-width:1px;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15),0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-btn-disabled-opacity:0.65;--bs-btn-focus-box-shadow:0 0 0 0.25rem rgba(var(--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb), .5);display:inline-block;padding:var(--bs-btn-padding-y) var(--bs-btn-padding-x);font-family:var(--bs-btn-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-btn-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-btn-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-btn-line-height);text-align:center;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:middle;border:var(--bs-btn-border-width) solid var(--bs-btn-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-btn-border-radius)}.btn-primary{--bs-btn-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-bg:#005095;--bs-btn-border-color:#005095;--bs-btn-hover-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(0, 68, 126.65);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(0, 64, 119.2);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:38,106,165;--bs-btn-active-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(0, 64, 119.2);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(0, 60, 111.75);--bs-btn-disabled-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#005095;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#005095}.btn-primary,.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-active-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125)}.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-border-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-hover-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(91.8, 99.45, 106.25);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:130,138,145;--bs-btn-active-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(81, 87.75, 93.75);--bs-btn-disabled-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#6c757d}.btn-link{--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-color:var(--bs-link-color);--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-hover-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-active-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-active-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-disabled-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:none;--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:38,106,165;text-decoration:underline}.btn-sm{--bs-btn-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-btn-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-btn-font-size:0.875rem;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.25rem}.fade:not(.show){opacity:0}.collapse:not(.show){display:none}.marquee .s-hero>div{position:relative}.nav-link{display:block;padding:var(--bs-nav-link-padding-y) var(--bs-nav-link-padding-x);font-size:var(--bs-nav-link-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-nav-link-font-weight);color:var(--bs-nav-link-color);text-decoration:none}.navbar{--bs-navbar-padding-x:0;--bs-navbar-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);--bs-navbar-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);--bs-navbar-disabled-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);--bs-navbar-active-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y:0.3125rem;--bs-navbar-brand-margin-end:1rem;--bs-navbar-brand-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-brand-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-icon-bg:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 30 30'%3e%3cpath stroke='rgba%280, 0, 0, 0.55%29' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='2' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--bs-navbar-toggler-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-focus-width:0.25rem;position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-navbar-padding-y) var(--bs-navbar-padding-x)}.navbar>.container-fluid{display:flex;flex-wrap:inherit;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.navbar-nav{--bs-nav-link-padding-x:0;--bs-nav-link-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-nav-link-color:var(--bs-navbar-color);--bs-nav-link-hover-color:var(--bs-navbar-hover-color);--bs-nav-link-disabled-color:var(--bs-navbar-disabled-color);display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-expand-md{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav{flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x);padding-left:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x)}}.card{--bs-card-spacer-y:1rem;--bs-card-spacer-x:1rem;--bs-card-title-spacer-y:0.5rem;--bs-card-border-width:0;--bs-card-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-card-border-radius:0;--bs-card-inner-border-radius:0;--bs-card-cap-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-card-cap-padding-x:1rem;--bs-card-cap-bg:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);--bs-card-bg:#ffffff;--bs-card-img-overlay-padding:1rem;--bs-card-group-margin:0.75rem;position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;height:var(--bs-card-height);word-wrap:break-word;background-color:var(--bs-card-bg);background-clip:border-box;border:var(--bs-card-border-width) solid var(--bs-card-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-card-border-radius)}.card-body{flex:1 1 auto;padding:var(--bs-card-spacer-y) var(--bs-card-spacer-x);color:var(--bs-card-color)}.card-img-top{width:100%;border-top-left-radius:var(--bs-card-inner-border-radius);border-top-right-radius:var(--bs-card-inner-border-radius)}.breadcrumb{display:flex;list-style:none;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x:0;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y:0;--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom:1rem;--bs-breadcrumb-font-size:1rem;--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color:#ffffff;--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color:#5b5b5b;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y) var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom);font-size:var(--bs-breadcrumb-font-size);background-color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-bg);border-radius:var(--bs-breadcrumb-border-radius)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item{padding-left:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item::before{float:left;padding-right:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x);color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color);content:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider, "|")}.breadcrumb-item.active{color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color)}.alert{--bs-alert-bg:transparent;--bs-alert-padding-x:1rem;--bs-alert-padding-y:1rem;--bs-alert-margin-bottom:1rem;--bs-alert-color:inherit;--bs-alert-border-color:transparent;--bs-alert-border:1px solid var(--bs-alert-border-color);--bs-alert-border-radius:0.375rem;position:relative;padding:var(--bs-alert-padding-y) var(--bs-alert-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-alert-margin-bottom);color:var(--bs-alert-color);background-color:var(--bs-alert-bg);border:var(--bs-alert-border);border-radius:var(--bs-alert-border-radius)}.alert-heading{color:inherit}.alert-link{font-weight:700}.alert-dismissible{padding-right:3rem}.alert-dismissible .btn-close{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;z-index:2;padding:1.25rem 1rem}.alert-primary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(0, 48, 89.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(204, 220, 233.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 202.5, 223.2)}.alert-primary .alert-link{color:#002648}.alert-secondary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216)}.alert-secondary .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-native,.alert-success,.alert-validation{--bs-alert-color:rgb(24, 100.2, 41.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(212, 237.4, 217.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(190.5, 228.6, 199.2)}.alert-native .alert-link,.alert-success .alert-link,.alert-validation .alert-link{color:#135021}.alert-info{--bs-alert-color:rgb(13.8, 97.2, 110.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(208.6, 236.4, 240.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(185.4, 227.1, 233.7)}.alert-info .alert-link{color:#0b4e58}.alert-warning{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6)}.alert-warning .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-danger,.alert-error{--bs-alert-color:#8a0000;--bs-alert-bg:#facccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(247.5, 178.5, 178.5)}.alert-danger .alert-link,.alert-error .alert-link{color:#6e0000}.alert-light{--bs-alert-color:rgb(99.2, 99.6, 100);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(253.6, 253.8, 254);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(252.9, 253.2, 253.5)}.alert-light .alert-link{color:#4f5050}.alert-cleanup,.alert-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.8, 22.2, 24.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.6, 211.4, 212.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.4, 189.6, 190.8)}.alert-cleanup .alert-link,.alert-dark .alert-link{color:#101214}.alert-criticalcss,.alert-inverse{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5)}.alert-criticalcss .alert-link,.alert-inverse .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-navbar{--bs-alert-color:rgb(0, 48, 89.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(204, 220, 233.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 202.5, 223.2)}.alert-navbar .alert-link{color:#002648}.alert-navitem{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white}.alert-navitem .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-lightgray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(93.2, 94.4, 95.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(250.6, 251.2, 251.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(248.4, 249.3, 250.2)}.alert-lightgray .alert-link{color:#4b4c4c}.alert-advertising,.alert-color-indigo{--bs-alert-color:rgb(61.2, 9.6, 145.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(224.4, 207.2, 252.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(209.1, 183.3, 251.1)}.alert-advertising .alert-link,.alert-color-indigo .alert-link{color:#310874}.alert-color-cyan,.alert-notice{--bs-alert-color:rgb(13.8, 97.2, 110.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(208.6, 236.4, 240.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(185.4, 227.1, 233.7)}.alert-color-cyan .alert-link,.alert-notice .alert-link{color:#0b4e58}.alert-color-blue{--bs-alert-color:rgb(30, 44.4, 91.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214, 218.8, 234.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(193.5, 200.7, 224.1)}.alert-color-blue .alert-link{color:#182449}.alert-cache,.alert-color-orange{--bs-alert-color:rgb(151.8, 75.6, 12);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(254.6, 229.2, 208);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(254.4, 216.3, 184.5)}.alert-cache .alert-link,.alert-color-orange .alert-link{color:#793c0a}.alert-color-red{--bs-alert-color:#8a0000;--bs-alert-bg:#facccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(247.5, 178.5, 178.5)}.alert-color-red .alert-link{color:#6e0000}.alert-cdnjs,.alert-color-yellow{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6)}.alert-cdnjs .alert-link,.alert-color-yellow .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-color-teal,.alert-topic{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.2, 120.6, 90.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.4, 244.2, 234.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.1, 238.8, 223.8)}.alert-color-teal .alert-link,.alert-topic .alert-link{color:#0f6048}.alert-color-green{--bs-alert-color:rgb(24, 100.2, 41.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(212, 237.4, 217.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(190.5, 228.6, 199.2)}.alert-color-green .alert-link{color:#135021}.alert-cloudinary,.alert-color-pink{--bs-alert-color:rgb(139.2, 37.2, 84);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(250.4, 216.4, 232);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(248.1, 197.1, 220.5)}.alert-cloudinary .alert-link,.alert-color-pink .alert-link{color:#6f1e43}.alert-color-black{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5)}.alert-color-black .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-color-white{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white}.alert-color-white .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-color-gray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216)}.alert-color-gray .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-color-gray-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(31.2, 34.8, 38.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214.4, 215.6, 216.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(194.1, 195.9, 197.7)}.alert-color-gray-dark .alert-link{color:#191c1f}.btn-close{box-sizing:content-box;width:1em;height:1em;padding:.25em;color:#000;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16 16' fill='%23000000'%3e%3cpath d='M.293.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L8 6.586 14.293.293a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L9.414 8l6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L8 9.414l-6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L6.586 8 .293 1.707a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e") center/1em auto no-repeat;border:0;border-radius:.375rem;opacity:.5}.modal{--bs-modal-zindex:1055;--bs-modal-width:500px;--bs-modal-padding:1rem;--bs-modal-margin:0.5rem;--bs-modal-bg:#ffffff;--bs-modal-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-modal-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-border-radius:0.5rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-modal-inner-border-radius:calc(0.5rem - 1px);--bs-modal-header-padding-x:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding-y:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding:1rem 1rem;--bs-modal-header-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-header-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-title-line-height:1.5;--bs-modal-footer-gap:0.5rem;--bs-modal-footer-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-footer-border-width:1px;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:var(--bs-modal-zindex);display:none;width:100%;height:100%;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;outline:0}.modal-dialog{position:relative;width:auto;margin:var(--bs-modal-margin)}.modal.fade .modal-dialog{transform:translate(0,-50px)}.modal-content{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;color:var(--bs-modal-color);background-color:var(--bs-modal-bg);background-clip:padding-box;border:var(--bs-modal-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-modal-border-radius);outline:0}.modal-header{display:flex;flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-modal-header-padding);border-bottom:var(--bs-modal-header-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-header-border-color);border-top-left-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius);border-top-right-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius)}.modal-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:var(--bs-modal-title-line-height)}.modal-body{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;padding:var(--bs-modal-padding)}@media (min-width:576px){.modal{--bs-modal-margin:1.75rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15)}.modal-dialog{max-width:var(--bs-modal-width);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.modal-sm{--bs-modal-width:300px}}.offcanvas{--bs-offcanvas-zindex:1045;--bs-offcanvas-width:400px;--bs-offcanvas-height:30vh;--bs-offcanvas-padding-x:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-padding-y:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-bg:#ffffff;--bs-offcanvas-border-width:1px;--bs-offcanvas-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-offcanvas-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);position:fixed;bottom:0;z-index:var(--bs-offcanvas-zindex);display:flex;flex-direction:column;max-width:100%;color:var(--bs-offcanvas-color);visibility:hidden;background-color:var(--bs-offcanvas-bg);background-clip:padding-box;outline:0}.offcanvas.offcanvas-end{top:0;right:0;width:var(--bs-offcanvas-width);border-left:var(--bs-offcanvas-border-width) solid var(--bs-offcanvas-border-color);transform:translateX(100%)}.offcanvas-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)}.offcanvas-header .btn-close{padding:calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y)*.5) calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)*.5);margin-top:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x));margin-bottom:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y))}.offcanvas-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.5}.offcanvas-body{flex-grow:1;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x);overflow-y:auto}.d-block{display:block!important}.d-flex{display:flex!important}.d-none{display:none!important}.border{border:var(--bs-border-width) var(--bs-border-style) var(--bs-border-color)!important}.border-top{border-top:var(--bs-border-width) var(--bs-border-style) var(--bs-border-color)!important}.border-primary,.border-secondary{--bs-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-border-opacity))!important}.border-secondary{border-color:rgba(var(--bs-secondary-rgb),var(--bs-border-opacity))!important}.border-2{--bs-border-width:2px}.w-100{width:100%!important}.flex-row{flex-direction:row!important}.justify-content-end{justify-content:flex-end!important}.justify-content-between{justify-content:space-between!important}.align-items-center{align-items:center!important}.align-content-center{align-content:center!important}.align-self-center{align-self:center!important}.mx-auto{margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}.my-1,.navbar-side-item p{margin-top:.25rem!important;margin-bottom:.25rem!important}.my-2{margin-top:.5rem!important;margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.my-3{margin-top:1rem!important;margin-bottom:1rem!important}.my-5{margin-top:3rem!important;margin-bottom:3rem!important}.my-auto{margin-top:auto!important;margin-bottom:auto!important}.mt-1{margin-top:.25rem!important}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem!important}.mt-3{margin-top:1rem!important}.mt-5{margin-top:3rem!important}.me-1{margin-right:.25rem!important}.me-2{margin-right:.5rem!important}.me-3{margin-right:1rem!important}.me-4{margin-right:1.5rem!important}.mb-0{margin-bottom:0!important}.mb-1{margin-bottom:.25rem!important}.mb-2{margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.mb-3{margin-bottom:1rem!important}.mb-4{margin-bottom:1.5rem!important}.mb-5{margin-bottom:3rem!important}.ms-0{margin-left:0!important}.ms-2{margin-left:.5rem!important}.ms-3{margin-left:1rem!important}.ms-auto{margin-left:auto!important}.p-3{padding:1rem!important}.px-0{padding-right:0!important;padding-left:0!important}.px-2{padding-right:.5rem!important;padding-left:.5rem!important}.px-3{padding-right:1rem!important;padding-left:1rem!important}.px-4{padding-right:1.5rem!important;padding-left:1.5rem!important}.pt-0{padding-top:0!important}.pt-2{padding-top:.5rem!important}.pe-5{padding-right:3rem!important}.pb-1{padding-bottom:.25rem!important}.pb-2{padding-bottom:.5rem!important}.pb-3{padding-bottom:1rem!important}.navbar-side-item p{padding-left:0!important}.ps-3{padding-left:1rem!important}.text-center{text-align:center!important}.text-uppercase{text-transform:uppercase!important}.text-primary{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important}.text-white{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:rgba(var(--bs-white-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important}.text-reset{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:inherit!important}@media (min-width:992px){.d-lg-block{display:block!important}.latest-briefs .card{max-width:380px}}.blur-up{filter:blur(3px)}html{scroll-padding-top:100px}.adbox{background:#e6e6e7;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px}.container{max-width:1170px}.container.hero{margin-top:-46px}.full-width{max-width:100%;padding-right:15px!important;padding-left:15px!important}header{position:relative;z-index:75}.header-top{height:85px;justify-content:space-between}.header-top>.col:first-of-type{padding-left:3.125rem}.header-top a{text-decoration:none}.header-title{position:absolute;font-weight:900;font-size:1.6875rem;color:#01a0e9;margin-left:15px;text-align:center;line-height:1.6875rem}.header-title::before{content:"";display:block;position:absolute;top:-3px;left:-9px;width:2px;height:54px;background:#005095}.header-subtitle{color:#005095;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:700;position:relative;bottom:-28px;left:15px}.fa-bars{font-size:2.25rem}.mobile-tagline{display:none;text-align:center}.mobile-tagline span{position:relative;font-weight:900;font-size:1.6875rem;color:#01a0e9;margin-left:15px;text-align:center}.nav-blue{height:70px;z-index:2;position:relative}.nav-blue-hide{height:70px;max-width:934px;width:934px;background-color:#1b75bb;color:#fff;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;vertical-align:middle}.nav-blue-hide a{color:#fff;margin:0 30px;font-size:1.125rem}.nav-blue-hide-left{height:70px;width:30px;fill:#1b75bb}.b-link{font-weight:500;text-decoration:none}.nav-blue-login{color:#005095;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.nav-blue-top-level{display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap}.nav-blue-top-level .fas.fa-search{margin-top:5px}.nav-blue-drop-menu-container{background:#d1e8f7;margin-top:30px;padding:20px}.nav-blue-drop{display:none;position:absolute;top:40px;z-index:99;width:20%;margin:0 auto}.nav-blue-drop ul{padding-left:10px;list-style-type:none}.nav-blue-drop ul li{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem}.nav-blue-drop ul li a{color:#1b75bb;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;text-decoration:none}.nav-blue-drop-arrow{width:0;height:0;border-left:10px solid transparent;border-right:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid #d1e8f7;position:absolute;top:20px}.nav-blue-hide .fa-chevron-down{font-size:.75rem;margin-left:5px;vertical-align:middle}.section-icon{font-size:1.8125rem;margin-right:10px;color:#b2b2b2;vertical-align:middle;display:none}.marquee{min-height:64px}.marquee h1{font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;color:#005095;text-transform:uppercase}.hero .s-hero>div{position:relative}.latest-briefs a,.rightcol-trending a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.infobar,.infotop{background:#ccc;width:100%;max-width:1146px}.infotop{padding-top:60px}.infobar{padding-left:35px}.infobar .breadcrumb{font-weight:700;color:#005095;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:0}.infobar .breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item a{color:#005095;text-decoration:none}.infobar .infobar-images{position:absolute;top:0;right:20px;display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;align-items:center;height:64px}.card{border-radius:0;border:0;margin-bottom:15px}.card .fas{font-size:.875rem;margin-right:5px}.card h3{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:900;min-height:85px}.card-top{position:relative}.card-img-top{border-radius:0}.card-category{background-color:#f05a28;color:#fff;display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;position:absolute;bottom:0}.card-category>div{padding:5px}.card-category>div:first-of-type,.rightcol-trending h4 span:first-of-type{background:gray}.latest-briefs h1{display:block;font-size:1.875rem;font-weight:900;color:#005095;border-top:3px solid #005095;padding-top:10px;text-transform:uppercase}.latest-briefs .title{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px}.latest-briefs .card-body{padding:15px 5px}.latest-briefs h3{font-size:1.4375rem;color:#212529}.latest-news .article img{margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:20px;width:235px}.content{padding-right:30px}.rightcol{border-left:1px solid #000;padding-left:30px!important}.rightcol h2{vertical-align:middle;font-size:1.875rem;font-weight:900;color:#005095;margin-bottom:35px;border-top:3px solid #005095;padding-top:10px;text-transform:uppercase}.rightcol h4{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700;color:gray;background:#f05a28;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:10px}.rightcol p{font-size:.9375rem;padding-bottom:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #000;color:#000;min-height:70px}.rightcol p>img{float:right;margin-left:10px}.rightcol-trending h4 span{padding:5px;background:#f05a28}body:before{display:none}footer h5{color:#005095;font-weight:900;font-size:1.625rem}@media screen and (max-width:1140px){.container{padding-left:15px!important;padding-right:15px!important}}@media (max-width:992px){.content{padding-right:15px!important}.rightcol-trending p>img{display:none}.header-top{height:90px;padding:20px 0;margin-bottom:10px}.header-top>.col:first-of-type{padding-left:15px}.hero .col.s-hero{padding:0!important}.infobar{padding-top:20px}.infobar .infobar-images{position:relative;top:initial;right:initial;height:64px}.login-box{margin-right:0!important;justify-content:center}.nav-blue{display:none!important}.rightcol{padding-left:15px!important;border:0!important}.container.hero{margin-top:0}}@media (max-width:767px){.header-subtitle,.header-title{display:none}.latest-news img{margin-bottom:20px;width:100%}.latest-news .article img{margin-top:0}.login-box{order:3}.header-top{height:135px}.mobile-tagline{display:block;order:5}}@media (max-width:600px){.infobar{padding-left:15px}.infobar .infobar-images{height:54px}.infobar .infobar-images img{width:120px}}@media (max-width:350px){.mobile-tagline span{font-size:1.375rem}}.alert{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:smaller}.alert-heading{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1rem;font-weight:lighter}[role=button]{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue","Noto Sans","Liberation Sans",Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}@media (max-width:575.98px){body:before{content:"xs"}}@media (min-width:576px) and (max-width:767.98px){body:before{content:"sm"}}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991.98px){body:before{content:"md"}}@media (min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199.98px){body:before{content:"lg"}}@media (min-width:1200px) and (max-width:1399.98px){body:before{content:"xl"}}[class^=ad-position]{max-width:1200px}@media (min-width:1400px){body:before{content:"xxl"}[class^=ad-position]{max-width:1400px;margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}}.section-overline{color:#005095;text-transform:uppercase;width:100%;border-top:4px solid #005095;padding-top:.5rem;margin-bottom:1rem;text-align:left}footer a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.navbar-side{padding:0;list-style:none}.navbar-side a{color:#212529;text-decoration:none}.navbar-side h6{color:#01a0e9;text-transform:uppercase}.navbar-side h6 a{color:#005095;text-decoration:none}.navbar-side hr{border-color:#495057;margin-left:1rem}.navbar-side-item{padding-left:1rem}.menu-side-sections>div li:first-of-type,.navbar-side-item p:first-of-type{margin-top:1.25rem}.navbar-side-item a{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue","Noto Sans","Liberation Sans",Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.panel-heading h6:after{font-family:"Arial Black",Arial,sans-serif;content:"–";float:right;color:#343a40;padding:0 5px;font-size:1.2rem}.panel-heading .collapsed h6:after{content:"+"}.tb-mediagroup{background-color:#fff;padding:5px 0;color:#000}.tb-mediagroup a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.tb-mediagroup .panel-heading h6:after{color:#212529}</style> <script type="application/json" class="joomla-script-options new">{"system.paths":{"root":"","rootFull":"https:\/\/www.mobilityengineeringtech.com\/","base":"","baseFull":"https:\/\/www.mobilityengineeringtech.com\/"},"csrf.token":"bd3ca3548374d63d1a8eb4f708b42176","system.keepalive":{"interval":3600000,"uri":"\/component\/ajax\/?format=json"}}</script> <script type="module"> /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js by ntb_minifier */ /** * @copyright (C) 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. <https://www.joomla.org> * @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt */ /** * Keepalive javascript behavior * * Used for keeping the session alive * * @package Joomla.JavaScript * @since 3.7.0 */ if (!window.Joomla) { throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised'); } const keepAliveOptions = Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive'); const keepAliveInterval = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.interval ? parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval, 10) : 45 * 1000; let keepAliveUri = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.uri ? keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g, '&') : ''; // Fallback in case no keepalive uri was found. if (keepAliveUri === '') { const systemPaths = Joomla.getOptions('system.paths'); keepAliveUri = `${systemPaths ? `${systemPaths.root}/index.php` : window.location.pathname}?option=com_ajax&format=json`; } setInterval(() => fetch(keepAliveUri, { method: 'POST' }), keepAliveInterval); /* end /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js */ </script> <script src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" async tb-donotmove></script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ADT, AE, TOHE :: All Articles [RSS]" href="/index.php?component=com_ntb_tags&view=topic&topic_cluster=0&topic_tag=0&nav_cluster=62,140,143&nav_tag=0&format=feed&type=rss&limit=20"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ADT, AE, TOHE [RSS]" href="/index.php?component=com_ntb_tags&view=topic&topic_cluster=44&topic_tag=20&nav_cluster=62,140,143&nav_tag=&format=feed&type=rss&limit=20"> <link rel="next" href="/met/topic/ev-hub/batteries?start=30">  <script tb-donotmove>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MSN5FV9'); </script>  </head> <body>  <noscript tb-donotmove > <iframe src = "https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MSN5FV9" height = "0" width = "0" style = "display:none;visibility:hidden" ></iframe > </noscript >   <header> <div class="container"> <div class="row header-top"> <div class="col col-2 col-md-10 col-lg-auto my-auto"> <img style="float: left; width: 75px" class="site-logo lazyload" width="75px" data-src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/met/template/sae-logo.svg"/> <a href="/"> <span class="header-title">MOBILITY ENGINEERING</span> <span class="header-subtitle">Produced by SAE Media Group</span> </a></div> <div class="col col-4 col-md-2 col-lg-auto d-flex align-items-center mr-5 login-box ms-auto"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md"> <div class="container-fluid"> <ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto"> <li class="nav-item d-lg-block d-none"> <a class="nav-link nav-blue-login" href="#" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#cb-form">Login</a></li> <li class="nav-item d-lg-block d-none"> <a class="nav-link nav-blue-login" href="/account/registration">Sign up</a></li> <li class="nav-item d-block ms-3"> <a data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#" role="button" data-bs-target="#HamburgerSidebar" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-bars"></i> </a></li></ul></div> </nav></div> <div class="col col-12 mobile-tagline"> <span>MOBILITY ENGINEERING</span></div></div></div>  <div class="container nav-blue d-flex justify-content-end"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="nav-blue-hide-left"> <polygon points="0, 24 20, 0 30, 0 30, 70"></polygon> </svg> <div class="nav-blue-hide px-4 d-flex flex-row justify-content-between"><div id="menu-top-hubs" class="nav-blue-top-level my-auto"> <div class="b-drop"> <a href="/met/topic/automotive" class="b-link" id="b-drop-automotive"> Automotive <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <div class="nav-blue-drop" id="nav-blue-drop-menu-automotive"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-menu-container"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-arrow"></div> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/autonomy">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/adas">ADAS</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/connectivity-v2x">Connectivity/V2X</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/design-simulation">Design & Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/battery-electrification">Battery & Electrification</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/engine-powertrain">Engine/Powertrain</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/propulsion">Propulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/sensors">Sensors</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/testing">Testing</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="b-drop"> <a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle" class="b-link" id="b-drop-commercial-vehicle"> Commercial Vehicle <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <div class="nav-blue-drop" id="nav-blue-drop-menu-commercial-vehicle"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-menu-container"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-arrow"></div> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/autonomy">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/adas">ADAS</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/connectivity-v2x">Connectivity/V2X</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/design-simulation">Design & Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/battery-electrification">Battery & Electrification</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/fluid-power-motion-control">Fluid Power & Motion Control</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/engine-powertrain">Engine/Powertrain</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/sensors">Sensors</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/testing">Testing</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="b-drop"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace" class="b-link" id="b-drop-aerospace"> Aerospace <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <div class="nav-blue-drop" id="nav-blue-drop-menu-aerospace"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-menu-container"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-arrow"></div> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/data-acquisition">Data Acquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement">Test & Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/sensors">Sensors</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/rf-microwave">RF & Microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/electronics-computers">Electronics & Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/vehicles-robotics">Vehicles & Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/imaging-optics">Imaging & Optics</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/lasers-photonics">Lasers & Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/weapons-systems">Weapons Systems</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="b-drop"> <a href="/met/topic/ev-hub" class="b-link" id="b-drop-ev-hub"> EV Hub <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <div class="nav-blue-drop" id="nav-blue-drop-menu-ev-hub"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-menu-container"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-arrow"></div> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/alternative-fuels">Alternative Fuels</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/batteries">Batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/electrification">Electrification</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/energy">Energy</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="nav-item nav-blue-top-level my-auto"> <a class="nav-link" id="search-side-button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#HamburgerSidebar" role="button" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </a></div></div></div><div class="offcanvas offcanvas-end" tabindex="-1" id="HamburgerSidebar" aria-labelledby="HamburgerSidebarLabel"> <div class="offcanvas-header"> <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="HamburgerSidebarLabel"></h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button></div> <div class="offcanvas-body px-0 pt-0"> <div class="search-container w-100 ps-3"><form id="searchform" action="/met/search" method="get"> <div class="input-group pe-5"> <div class="form-floating"> <input type="text" name="query" placeholder="Search" id="searchbox" class="form-control" value=""> <label for="searchbox">Search</label></div> <button id="searchbox-button" class="btn btn-primary" type="button" onclick="$('#searchform').submit()"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </button></div></form></div> <ul class="navbar-side nav-bar"><div class="menu-side-sections row me-1"> <div class="navbar-side-item col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/met/features">Features</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/met/stories">Stories</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/met/webcasts">Webinars</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/met/whitepapers">White Papers</a></li></div></div><hr> <div id="sidebar-accordion" class="navbar-side-item" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"><div class="menu-side-explore row mt-2 me-1 tb-mediagroup"> <div class="explore-title col-10 navbar-side-item"> <h6 class="my-2">Explore SAE Media Group</h6></div> <div id="explore-heading" class="col-2 navbar-side-item panel-heading" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed mt-1" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#explore-collapse" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="explore-collapse"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="explore-collapse" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="explore-heading"> <div class="explore-wrapper col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/">Medical Design Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/">Tech Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://createthefuturecontest.com">Create the Future Design Contest</a></li></div></div></div><div id="menu-side-hubs"> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/met/topic/automotive">Automotive</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-2214" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-2214" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-2214"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-2214" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-2214"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/autonomy">Autonomy</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/adas">ADAS</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/connectivity-v2x">Connectivity/V2X</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/design-simulation">Design & Simulation</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/battery-electrification">Battery & Electrification</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/engine-powertrain">Engine/Powertrain</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/propulsion">Propulsion</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/sensors">Sensors</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/testing">Testing</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle">Commercial Vehicle</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-2215" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-2215" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-2215"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-2215" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-2215"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/autonomy">Autonomy</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/adas">ADAS</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/connectivity-v2x">Connectivity/V2X</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/design-simulation">Design & Simulation</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/battery-electrification">Battery & Electrification</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/fluid-power-motion-control">Fluid Power & Motion Control</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/engine-powertrain">Engine/Powertrain</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/sensors">Sensors</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/testing">Testing</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace">Aerospace</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-2213" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-2213" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-2213"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-2213" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-2213"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/data-acquisition">Data Acquisition</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement">Test & Measurement</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/sensors">Sensors</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/rf-microwave">RF & Microwave</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/electronics-computers">Electronics & Computers</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/vehicles-robotics">Vehicles & Robotics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/imaging-optics">Imaging & Optics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/lasers-photonics">Lasers & Photonics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/weapons-systems">Weapons Systems</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/met/topic/ev-hub">EV Hub</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-2787" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-2787" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-2787"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-2787" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-2787"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/alternative-fuels">Alternative Fuels</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/batteries">Batteries</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/electrification">Electrification</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/energy">Energy</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="menu-side-followus mb-5"> <hr class="ms-0 me-4 my-1"> <div class="followus-wrapper my-3"> <div class="title-wrapper"> <h6 class="mb-0">FOLLOW US</h6></div> <div class="menu-wrapper"> <p class="text-primary"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=25d23930eb508eb8d390277b0641827b&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a></p></div></div></div></div></ul> <div class="row px-3 navbar-side"> <hr> <h6 class="mb-2">Magazines</h6><div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="card"> <a href="/component/content/article/51836-doc-9497" class="side-link"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1727846041/sites/adt/covers/ADT-2024-10.jpg' class='card-img-top lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a> <div class="card-body px-0 pb-3"> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/component/content/article/51836-doc-9497" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/adt/magazine/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Archives</a></p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ADTland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></button> </a></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="card"> <a href="/component/content/article/51787-doc-9482" class="side-link"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1728029718/sites/ae/covers/AE-2024-10.jpg' class='card-img-top lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a> <div class="card-body px-0 pb-3"> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/component/content/article/51787-doc-9482" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/met/magazine/ae/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Archives</a></p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=AUEland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></button> </a></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="card"> <a href="/component/content/article/51832-doc-9495" class="side-link"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1728570188/sites/tohe/covers/TOHE-2024-10.jpg' class='card-img-top lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a> <div class="card-body px-0 pb-3"> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/component/content/article/51832-doc-9495" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/met/magazine/tohe/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Archives</a></p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=TOHland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></button> </a></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="card"> <a href="/component/content/article/51833-doc-9496" class="side-link"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1727498428/sites/tb/covers/BET-2024-10.jpg' class='card-img-top lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a> <div class="card-body px-0 pb-3"> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/component/content/article/51833-doc-9496" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/met/magazine/bet/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Archives</a></p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=BETland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></button> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></header> <span itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <meta itemprop="name" content="SAE Media Group"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com"/> <span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/templates/tbmg/images/tbmg_logo.png"/> <meta itemprop="width" content="210"/> <meta itemprop="height" content="50"/> </span> </span><div class="container hero"><div class="row"> <div class="col s-hero topic-hero"> <div class="infobar infotop"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/met/topic/ev-hub"><span itemprop="name">EV Hub</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"> <span> Batteries</span></li></ol> </nav></div></div></div><div class="row"> <div class="col s-hero topic-hero"></div></div><div id="ntb-tags-level-hub"><div class="row marquee"> <div class="col s-hero topic-hero">  <div class="infobar pb-2"> <h1 class="mb-2 pt-2 col-lg-7 col-xl-8">Batteries</h1> <ul class="breadcrumb pt-0 mb-0 pb-2"></ul> <div class="infobar-images"> <img data-src="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/templates/met_2022/images/ae-logo.png" class="img-fluid lazyload"> <img data-src="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/templates/met_2022/images/bet-logo.png" class="img-fluid lazyload"></div></div></div></div> <div class="row marquee"> <div class="col s-hero topic-hero"> <div class="infobar"> <p class="introtext border-top border-2 border-primary me-3 mb-0 pb-3 pt-2"> Welcome to the Batteries section of the EV Hub, your comprehensive resource for the latest advancements in electric vehicle battery technology. Discover how innovations in battery design, energy storage solutions, and performance enhancements are driving the future of electric mobility. Stay informed with expert insights, detailed articles, and the latest news on cutting-edge battery technologies shaping the EV industry. Join us as we explore the critical role of batteries in powering the next generation of electric vehicles.</p></div></div></div></div>  <div class="container adbox full-width my-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 align-self-center text-center"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_1800x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_1800x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_11_modid_491',target_pos:'11',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_11_modid_491' class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div>  <main role="main">  <div class="container my-5 latest-briefs"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-8 content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 title"> <h1>Latest Briefs and News</h1></div></div> <div class="row mt-3 px-2"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52038-sae-ma-07479"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1731310560/sites/tohe/articles/2024/news/SAE-MA-07479-komatsu-wx04b-underground.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>News</div> <div>Energy</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52038-sae-ma-07479"> <h3>Komatsu Employs “Slick” Battery Swapping for Underground LHD</h3> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51897-sae-ma-07476"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1730241203/sites/tohe/articles/2024/news/SAE-MA-07476-mta-hv-pdu_rendering_gallery.png' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>News</div> <div>Power</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51897-sae-ma-07476"> <h3>MTA Expands Wireless Communication, EV Tech for Trucks</h3> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51895-sae-ma-07474"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1730240948/sites/tohe/articles/2024/news/SAE-MA-07474-donaldson-alternative-power-diagram_banner.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>News</div> <div>Power</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51895-sae-ma-07474"> <h3>Donaldson Filters Keep Fuel Cells Clean</h3> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51859-sae-ma-07473"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1729721528/sites/ae/articles/2024/news/SAE-MA-07473-pg_exhibition-27-banner.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>News</div> <div>Propulsion</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51859-sae-ma-07473"> <h3>Honda Pioneering New Manufacturing Tech for Zero Electrified Platform</h3> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51815-factorials-solid-state-b-samples-send-a-message"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1729002210/sites/tb/features-16x9/51815/20241010_battery_electrification_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Power</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51815-factorials-solid-state-b-samples-send-a-message"> <h3>Factorial’s Solid-State B-Samples Send a Message</h3> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51809-sae-j3400-helps-define-the-future-of-ev-charging-in-north-america"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1728961948/sites/tb/features-16x9/51809/20241009_battery_electrification_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>News</div> <div>Energy</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51809-sae-j3400-helps-define-the-future-of-ev-charging-in-north-america"> <h3>SAE J3400 Helps Define the Future of EV Charging in North America</h3> </a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-4 p-3 rightcol"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_21_modid_492',target_pos:'21',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_21_modid_492' class=""></div></div></div> <div class="row mb-4"> <div class="col-md-12 rightcol-trending"> <h2 class="section-overline">Top Stories</h2><h4 class="text-white"><span>INSIDER</span><span>RF & Microwave Electronics</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730406946/sites/adt/features-16x9/51968/20241104_aerospace_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51968-germanys-new-military-surveillance-jet-completes-first-flight" alt="Germany's New Military Surveillance Jet Completes First Flight"> Germany's New Military Surveillance Jet Completes First Flight</a></p> <h4 class="text-white"><span>INSIDER</span><span>Manufacturing & Prototyping</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1729883225/sites/adt/features-16x9/51887/20241028_aerospace_dm_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51887-army-seeks-to-expand-3d-printing-to-the-tactical-edge" alt="Army Seeks to Expand 3D Printing to the Tactical Edge"> Army Seeks to Expand 3D Printing to the Tactical Edge</a></p> <h4 class="text-white"><span>INSIDER</span><span>Weapons Systems</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1728592408/sites/adt/features-16x9/51823/20241011_defense_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51823-army-receives-new-robot-combat-vehicle-prototypes" alt="Army Receives New Robot Combat Vehicle Prototypes"> Army Receives New Robot Combat Vehicle Prototypes</a></p> <h4 class="text-white"><span>News</span><span>Energy</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1728258857/sites/tohe/articles/2024/news/SAE-MA-07464-ice_iveco-s-way-my24_banner.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51794-sae-ma-07464" alt="Improving the Ageless ICE"> Improving the Ageless ICE</a></p> <h4 class="text-white"><span>INSIDER</span><span>Defense</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1731530559/sites/adt/features-16x9/52053/20241114_defense_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52053-this-robot-dog-detects-nuclear-material-and-chemical-weapons" alt="This Robot Dog Detects Nuclear Material and Chemical Weapons"> This Robot Dog Detects Nuclear Material and Chemical Weapons</a></p> <h4 class="text-white"><span>INSIDER</span><span>Mechanical & Fluid Systems</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1728592662/sites/adt/features-16x9/51824/20241011_defense_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51824-army-evaluates-3d-printing-for-bradley-fighting-vehicles-transmission-mount" alt="Army Evaluates 3D Printing for Bradley Fighting Vehicle's Transmission Mount"> Army Evaluates 3D Printing for Bradley Fighting Vehicle's Transmission Mount</a></p></div></div></div></div></div> <section id="sponsored-content"> <div class="mid-sponsor" id="mid-sponsor"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_1200x150',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_1200x150',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1200,150]],div_id:'GAM_pos_12_modid_499',target_pos:'12',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_12_modid_499' class=""></div></div></div> <div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1200,150]],div_id:'GAM_pos_12-mobile_modid_500',target_pos:'12-mobile',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_12-mobile_modid_500' class=""></div></div></div><div class="container full-width white-papers ntb-bxslider"> <div class="row py-4"> <div class="col-lg-12 title p-0"> <i class="fas fa-newspaper section-icon"></i> <h1>White Papers</h1></div></div></div> <div class="ntb-bxslider row mb-0"> <div class="bxs-default hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-default-prev"></span></h3></div> <div id="bxs-default" class="bxs-default hidden align-content-center col-sm-10 px-sm-0 col-12 px-4 my-0"> <ul class="bxslider"> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/50197-doc-9259" alt="A Sticky Solution to EV/BESS Design & Scalability Challenges"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1710721411/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/JBC_THE-IMPACT-OF-DIE-CUT-ADHESIVE-TAPES.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Energy</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/50197-doc-9259" alt="A Sticky Solution to EV/BESS Design & Scalability Challenges">A Sticky Solution to EV/BESS Design & Scalability...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51165-doc-9401" alt="Guide to Efficient Battery Testing with E A"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1722142138/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/EA-Elektro-Automatik_Guide-to-Efficient-Battery-Testing-with-EA.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51165-doc-9401" alt="Guide to Efficient Battery Testing with E A">Guide to Efficient Battery Testing with E A</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/49921-doc-9228" alt="How Michelin is Upgrading Plant Operations and Energy Systems to Achieve Sustainability Goals"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1706163263/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Engie_Rubber-Hits-the-Road-to-Net-Zero.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/49921-doc-9228" alt="How Michelin is Upgrading Plant Operations and Energy Systems to Achieve Sustainability Goals">How Michelin is Upgrading Plant Operations and...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/36955-doc-7835" alt="The Advantages of Electropolishing for Deburring Metal Parts"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1727234093/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Able-Electropolishing_The-Advantages-of-Electropolishing-for-Deburring-Metal-Parts.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Energy</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/36955-doc-7835" alt="The Advantages of Electropolishing for Deburring Metal Parts">The Advantages of Electropolishing for Deburring...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51525-doc-9452" alt="Test Battery Packs, Modules and Cells with a Single Instrument"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1725725492/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/EA-Elektro-Automatik_Test-Battery-Packs-Modules-and-Cells.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Power</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51525-doc-9452" alt="Test Battery Packs, Modules and Cells with a Single Instrument">Test Battery Packs, Modules and Cells with a...</a></h6></li></ul></div> <div class="bxs-default hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-default-next"></span></h3></div></div></div> </section>  <div class="container my-5 videos-podcasts"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-8 content">  <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 title"> <i class="fas fa-play-circle section-icon"></i> <h1>Latest Stories</h1></div></div><div class="latest-news mt-3" id="ntb-tags-index"><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Upcoming Webinars</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51281-ahead-of-the-curve-empirical-end-of-life-performance-modeling-of-aerogel-thermal-barriers">Coming Soon - Ahead of the Curve: Empirical End-of-Life Performance Modeling of Aerogel Thermal Barriers</a></h2> <p> Cell barriers play a crucial role in both thermal propagation protection and the overall state of health (SOH) of the cells in electric...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1724872536/sites/tb/features-16x9/51281/prismatic-module-with-c2c-barrier_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>On-Demand Webinars</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51648-october-2024-battery-electrification-summit">October 2024 Battery & Electrification Summit</a></h2> <p> By 2028, the automotive battery market is expected to generate more than $70 billion in revenue. As the demand for sustainable power alternatives changes mobility design standards, how can...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728394003/sites/tb/features-16x9/51648/bet-summit-2024_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51810-battery-analysis-pioneer-north-america-has-five-years-to-catch-china">Battery Analysis Pioneer: North America Has Five Years to Catch China</a></h2> <p> North American automakers and EV battery firms have five years to erase China’s dominance in technology and manufacturing or they may face the reality of buying...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728962440/sites/tb/features-16x9/51810/20241009_battery_electrification_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>News</div> <div>Manned Systems</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51857-sae-ma-07466">CATL Expands Battery Range for Heavy-Duty Trucks and Buses</a></h2> <p> Chinese battery manufacturer CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd.) completed the launch of its TECTRANS battery system for the commercial transport sector at IAA...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1729983518/sites/tohe/articles/2024/news/SAE-MA-07466-catl-tectrans---t_banner.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>News</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51799-new-fluids-coming-for-ev-thermal-management">New Fluids Coming for EV Thermal Management</a></h2> <p> Managing the heating and cooling of electric vehicle propulsion systems may seem to be an easy task compared with combustion engines. After all, ICEs run much hotter — the thermal optimum for a...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728916034/sites/tb/features-16x9/51799/20241008_battery_electrification_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51769-why-hybrid-electric-is-a-key-solution-for-decarbonizing-aviation">Why Hybrid-Electric is a Key Solution for Decarbonizing Aviation</a></h2> <p>The aviation sector, urged by ambitious U.S. goals to achieve net-zero aviation emissions by 2050, is poised for transformation. CO2 is responsible for most anthropogenic...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1727902979/sites/adt/features-16x9/51769/20241003_aerospace_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>News</div> <div>Software</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51793-sae-ma-07463">Cox Automotive's One-Stop Shop for Repairing, Recycling EV Batteries</a></h2> <p> At Cox Automotive’s EV Battery Solutions center in Oklahoma City, the conglomerate most famous for its KBB, Autotrader and Manheim auction brands, has become a go-to...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1729072603/sites/ae/articles/2024/news/SAE-MA-07463-cox-battery-mobile-banner---copy.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Articles</div> <div>Test & Measurement</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51675-enhancing-ev-battery-design-with-advanced-testing">Enhancing EV Battery Design with Advanced Testing</a></h2> <p>This article explores how advanced testing using end-to-end EV battery test systems can improve the quality and performance of EV battery designs. Read on to learn more.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728234809/sites/tb/features-16x9/51675/bet-1024-p12_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Briefs</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51681-cheaper-and-safer-battery-storage">Cheaper and Safer Battery Storage</a></h2> <p>Researchers have developed a new technique to solve the problem of how to increase the capacity of sodium-ion batteries. Read on to learn more about it.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728229054/sites/tb/features-16x9/51681/bet-1024-p26_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Articles</div> <div>Power</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51683-examining-ev-battery-thermal-management">Examining EV Battery Thermal Management</a></h2> <p>In this article, we'll discuss how modeling and simulation can be used to facilitate the design of thermal management systems for EV batteries – from the cell scale up. Read on to learn more.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728227169/sites/tb/features-16x9/51683/bet-1024-p4_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Articles</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51684-delivering-higher-performance-batteries-with-advanced-microscopy">Delivering Higher Performance Batteries with Advanced Microscopy</a></h2> <p>As we collectively move away from fossil fuel power and work toward cleaner energy solutions, batteries are emerging as the preferred clean energy source. Read on to learn how they're advancing.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728226553/sites/tb/features-16x9/51684/bet-1024-p8_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Articles</div> <div>Power</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51273-sae-ma-07430">Brownout for Commercial-Vehicle Electrification?</a></h2> <p> The high cost of batteries to electrify on-road commercial vehicles is one thing. But some connected with or studying electrification for the CV sector now are concerned that the cost of...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1725835107/sites/tohe/articles/2024/features/SAE-MA-07430-cv-infrastructure-cost-mercedes-benz-actros-e600.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Articles</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51676-battery-progress-but-whats-the-holdup-in-adoption">Battery Progress, But What’s the Holdup in Adoption? </a></h2> <p>There’s no shortage of alternatives to lithium-ion EV batteries in development. From lithium-iron phosphate to sodium-ion to multiple solid-state chemistries, companies are racing to perfect these technologies and figure out how to manufacture them at scale. Read on to find out what the holdup is.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728234746/sites/tb/features-16x9/51676/bet-1024-p18_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>News</div> <div>Transportation</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51261-sae-ma-07418">Sinonus Carbon-Fiber Structural Batteries Would Reduce Weight While Adding Range</a></h2> <p> Carbon-fiber structural batteries are not entirely new, but now Sinonus, a company spun out of Chalmers Technical University in Gothenburg, Sweden, is further...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1725799613/sites/tohe/articles/2024/regulars/SAE-MA-07418-sinonus-composite-battery-cell-picture-banner.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Briefs</div> <div>Power</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51677-algorithms-to-enhance-reliability-of-electric-vehicle-charging">Algorithms to Enhance Reliability of Electric Vehicle Charging</a></h2> <p>American drivers have long been accustomed to quickly filling up at a gas station with plenty of fuel available, and electric vehicle drivers want their pit stops to mimic this experience. Researchers are working to make EV charging more resilient. Read on to learn more about it.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728234427/sites/tb/features-16x9/51677/bet-1024-p22_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Briefs</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51678-a-new-way-to-enhance-durability-of-lithium-batteries">A New Way to Enhance Durability of Lithium Batteries</a></h2> <p>Researchers have been developing batteries with higher energy storage density, and thus, longer driving range. Other goals include shorter charging times, greater tolerance to low temperatures, and safer operation. One of the more promising such batteries has a lithium-containing cathode supplemented with nickel, manganese, and cobalt (NMC). Read on to learn more.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728234373/sites/tb/features-16x9/51678/bet-1024-p23_fig1r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Briefs</div> <div>Green Design & Manufacturing</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51679-iron-could-be-key-to-less-expensive-greener-lithium-ion-batteries">Iron Could Be Key to Less Expensive, Greener Lithium-Ion Batteries</a></h2> <p>Researchers are hoping to spark a green battery revolution by showing that iron instead of cobalt and nickel can be used as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries. Read on to learn more.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728228817/sites/tb/features-16x9/51679/bet-1024-p24_fig1r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Briefs</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51680-anode-free-sodium-solid-state-battery">Anode-Free Sodium Solid-State Battery</a></h2> <p>A team has created the world’s first anode-free sodium solid-state battery. This research has brought the reality of inexpensive, fast-charging, high-capacity batteries for electric vehicles and grid storage closer than ever. Read on to learn more.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728228655/sites/tb/features-16x9/51680/bet-1024-p25_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Products</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51682-new-products-bet-1024">New Products</a></h2> <p>See the new products, including Webasto's traction batteries, which are increasing from 35 to 40 kilowatt hours; Avery Dennison's pressure-sensitive adhesive tape solutions for EV battery cell wrapping applications; Thermo Fisher Scientific's Thermo Scientific™ LInspector™ Edge In-line Mass Profilometer; and more.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728229835/sites/tb/features-16x9/51682/bet-1024-p28_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_21_modid_498',target_pos:'21',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_21_modid_498' class=""></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>On-Demand Webinars</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51384-using-simulation-for-real-time-predictive-battery-modeling-for-state-estimation-and-control">Using Simulation for Real-Time Predictive Battery Modeling for State Estimation and Control</a></h2> <p> Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a vital role in the advancement of electric vehicles and sustainable energy solutions. They are favored over other...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1725837022/sites/tb/features-16x9/51384/shutterstock_1307102251_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Original Equipment</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51667-sae-ma-07459">Case Launches ‘Industry First’ Electric Backhoe Loader</a></h2> <p> Case Construction Equipment launched its first electric vehicle (EV) products last year – the CX15EV mini excavator and the SL22EV small articulated loader – and the company...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1728122077/sites/tohe/articles/2024/regulars/SAE-MA-07459-case-580ev_backhoe_loader_banner.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Articles</div> <div>Power</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51639-sae-ma-07456">Reducing the Weight of EV Batteries with Specialty Thermoplastics</a></h2> <p> Weight reduction in EV battery components is an important factor in optimizing battery energy density, which in turn is critical to extending vehicle range and boosting...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1727517115/sites/ae/articles/2024/features/SAE-MA-07456-sabic-batterypack-illustration-high-res-banner.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Road Ready</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51637-sae-ma-07454">2025 Volvo EX90 Review: Update Required</a></h2> <p> Contrary to what you may have heard, Americans are buying more EVs than ever. But they tend to like ‘em big. After production delays due to software development issues – a problem that continues...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1727517050/sites/ae/articles/2024/regulars/SAE-MA-07454-volvo-ex90-lipman_jl14795_banner.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Articles</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51272-sae-ma-07429">Blazer EV Is a Steel-Intensive Showcase</a></h2> <p> Chevrolet Blazer EV customers are likely to cite the Ultium battery and dual-motor driveline as their vehicle’s most advanced technologies. But in doing so, they’d miss an equally key aspect of...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1725676257/sites/ae/articles/2024/features/SAE-MA-07429-blazerev-white-body-rear-view.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Aerospace</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51370-archer-delivers-first-midnight-evtol-to-us-air-force">Archer Delivers First Midnight eVTOL to US Air Force</a></h2> <p> Archer Aviation Inc. completed the delivery of its first Midnight aircraft to the U.S. Air Force (USAF) to evaluate as part of its AFWERX Agility Prime contract valued at up to $142...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1724179541/sites/adt/features-16x9/51370/20240821_aerospace_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Road Ready</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51440-sae-ma-07441">2025 Lucid Air Review: Unnecessarily Fast, Astonishingly Efficient</a></h2> <p> As amazing as the Lucid Air is to drive – and it is amazing – it doesn’t hold a candle to hearing CEO Peter Rawlinson explain exactly why his company’s all-electric...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1726753434/sites/ae/articles/2024/regulars/SAE-MA-07441-lucid-air-img_3793-f34-banner.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Technology Report</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51265-sae-ma-07422">GM EVs Will Soon Provide V2H Backup Power During Blackouts</a></h2> <p> General Motors is following Ford into the home power business, using EVs to provide backup power during electric outages.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1725640446/sites/ae/articles/2024/regulars/SAE-MA-07422-silverado-ev-gm-energy2-banner.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mt-4"> <a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/batteries?start=30"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary "> MORE STORIES<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-4 p-3 rightcol"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_22_modid_494',target_pos:'22',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_22_modid_494' class=""></div></div></div><div class="row mb-4"> <div class="col-md-12 rightcol-trending"> <h2 class="section-overline">Webcasts</h2><div id="rightcol-webinars"> <h4 class="text-white">Defense</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730191375/sites/adt/features-16x9/51900/shutterstock_194837228_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51900-best-practices-for-developing-safe-and-secure-modular-software" alt="Best Practices for Developing Safe and Secure Modular Software"> Best Practices for Developing Safe and Secure Modular Software</a></p> <h4 class="text-white">Power</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1731611719/sites/ae/features-16x9/52036/gamma-technologies-designing-an-hvac-modeling-workflow-2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52036-designing-an-hvac-modeling-workflow-for-cabin-energy-management-and-xil-testing" alt="Designing an HVAC Modeling Workflow for Cabin Energy Management and XiL Testing"> Designing an HVAC Modeling Workflow for Cabin Energy Management...</a></p> <h4 class="text-white">Aerospace</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1731100645/sites/adt/features-16x9/51977/shutterstock_382266112_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51977-countering-the-evolving-challenge-of-integrating-uas-into-civilian-airspace" alt="Countering the Evolving Challenge of Integrating UAS Into Civilian Airspace"> Countering the Evolving Challenge of Integrating UAS Into...</a></p> <h4 class="text-white">Test & Measurement</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1729951721/sites/ae/features-16x9/51772/element-quick-guide-image_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51772-a-quick-guide-to-multi-axis-simulation-and-component-testing" alt="A Quick Guide to Multi-Axis Simulation and Component Testing"> A Quick Guide to Multi-Axis Simulation and Component Testing</a></p> <h4 class="text-white">RF & Microwave Electronics</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1731940134/sites/tb/features-16x9/52071/111824-tb-podcast-drones_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52071-the-unusual-machines-approach-to-low-cost-drones-and-drone-components" alt="The Unusual Machines Approach to Low-Cost Drones and Drone Components"> The Unusual Machines Approach to Low-Cost Drones and Drone Components</a></p> <h4 class="text-white">Test & Measurement</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730298618/sites/ae/features-16x9/51839/40065_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51839-avoiding-risk-analysis-pitfalls-implementing-linked-dfmea-hara-and-fta" alt="Avoiding Risk Analysis Pitfalls: Implementing Linked DFMEA, HARA, and FTA"> Avoiding Risk Analysis Pitfalls: Implementing Linked DFMEA, HARA, and FTA</a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div> </main></div> <div class="row mt-5"></div><footer class="container mt-5"><hr class="border-top border-primary"> <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-sm-2 row-cols-lg-3 py-4 px-5"> <div class="col"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/about">About</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/">Tech Briefs </a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/">Medical Design Briefs</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://status.saemediagroup.com/">Service Status</a></p></div><div id="cb-form" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-sm mt-5" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">Sign In</h5> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button></div> <div class="modal-body"> <form action="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/account/login" method="post" id="login-form" class="form-inline cbLoginForm" data-bs-target="#cb-form"> <input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_comprofiler"/> <input type="hidden" name="view" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="op2" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="return" value="B:aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubW9iaWxpdHllbmdpbmVlcmluZ3RlY2guY29tL21ldC90b3BpYy9ldi1odWIvYmF0dGVyaWVz"/> <input type="hidden" name="message" value="0"/> <input type="hidden" name="loginfrom" value="loginmodule"/> <input type="hidden" name="bd3ca3548374d63d1a8eb4f708b42176" value="1" /> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="username" type="text" class="form-control col-8" id="inputUserName" placeholder="Username"> <label for="inputUserName">Username or Email</label></div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="passwd" type="password" class="form-control col-8" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password"> <label for="inputPassword">Password</label></div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-12 mb-3">Submit <i class="fas fa-sign-in ms-2"></i></button> <a href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/account/forgot-login" class="col-12"> <i class="fas fa-unlock-alt me-2"></i> Forgot Login? </a> <div class="posttext cb_template cb_template_default"> <p><i>By submitting your personal information, you agree that SAE Media Group and carefully selected industry sponsors of this content may contact you and that you have read and agree to the <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may reach us at <a href="mailto:privacy@saemediagroup.com">privacy@saemediagroup.com</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may unsubscribe at any time.</i></p></div></form></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/met/subscription-services">Subscriber Services</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/feedback">Feedback</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/company-directory">Contact Us</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/met/sitemap">Site Map</a></p></div></div> <div class="col"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com">Advertise</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/cookie-usage-statement">Cookie Usage</a></p></div><p class="menu-footer-followus my-2"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=25d23930eb508eb8d390277b0641827b&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a></p></div></div> <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-sm-2 row-cols-lg-3 py-4 px-5"> <div class="copyright col-12"> <p class="font-italic small">© 2024 SAE Media Group</p></div></div> </footer><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg=="></script><script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" defer tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg=="></script><script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { var cl = cloudinary.Cloudinary.new({ cloud_name: "tbmg" }); cl.config({ defaultBreakpoints: [100,200,400,500,800,1000,1200], responsive_use_breakpoints: true, }); cl.responsive(); }); var match_md_max = window.matchMedia("(max-width: 991px)"); $(function () { var tooltipTriggerList = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-toggle="tooltip"]')) var tooltipList = tooltipTriggerList.map(function (tooltipTriggerEl) { return new bootstrap.Tooltip(tooltipTriggerEl) }) }); </script> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js" as="script"/> <meta name="shareaholic:site_id" content="25d23930eb508eb8d390277b0641827b"/> <script data-cfasync="false" async src="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { // olytics 3.0 window.olytics || (window.olytics = []), window.olytics.methods = ["fire", "confirm"], window.olytics.factory = function (i) { return function () { var t = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); return t.unshift(i), window.olytics.push(t), window.olytics } }; for (var i = 0; i < window.olytics.methods.length; i++) { var method = window.olytics.methods[i]; window.olytics[method] = window.olytics.factory(method) } olytics.load = function (i) { if (!document.getElementById("olyticsImport")) { window.a = window.olytics; var t = document.createElement("script"); t.async = !0, t.id = "olyticsImport", t.type = "text/javascript"; var o = ""; void 0 !== i && void 0 !== i.oid && (o = i.oid), t.setAttribute("data-oid", o), t.src = "https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/js/v3/p/olytics.min.js", t.addEventListener("load", function (t) { for (olytics.initialize({Olytics: i}); window.a.length > 0;) { var o = window.a.shift(), s = o.shift(); olytics[s] && olytics[s].apply(olytics, o) } }, !1); var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s) } }, olytics.load({oid: "c1d61b8c10b7440fb3c59fe5b6424a6b"}); }); </script><noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=3077140&fmt=gif" class="nolazyload"/> </noscript>  <script src="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/media/system/js/core.min.js?37ffe4186289eba9c5df81bea44080aff77b9684"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bxslider/4.2.17/jquery.bxslider.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-LaBO0tZh1+6Ebk+EnHt/WsGM0UnmkCXfQ1rfhGmpa5MXUdslNuSSELBRcteHKz4k4ny+Op10Ax2fPoTNq+VcUg=="></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/met_2022/css/template.min.css?t=1732180729" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-UtoJaAI/4JQBZM00iYjo3qQK6A+Ak0jFi1wyU8KpaMUjQeqnekY5yHFR3nMajeDbJPLgcQD0/N3vXpzqE5uLHQ=="/> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" defer crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ=="></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.14.5/sweetalert2.all.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-m4zOGknNg3h+mK09EizkXi9Nf7B3zwsN9ow+YkYIPZoA6iX2vSzLezg4FnW0Q6Z1CPaJdwgUFQ3WSAUC4E/5Hg=="></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w=="/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/css/v3/p/olytics.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"/>  <script> var GAM_breakpoint=window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('body'),':before').getPropertyValue('content').replace(/"/g,'');window.googletag=window.googletag||{cmd:[]};googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting('sitepage',['MET/EVHub/Batteries']).setTargeting('site',["MET"]).setTargeting('menu_route',["met\/topic\/ev-hub\/batteries"]).setTargeting('menu_topics',["Energy"]).setTargeting('menu_tags',["Batteries"]).setTargeting('topic',["Batteries"]).setTargeting('hub',["EV Hub"]);googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();googletag.pubads().setCentering(true);googletag.pubads().setForceSafeFrame(false);googletag.enableServices();});$(function(){function ntb_google_ad_manager_build(item){item_div=$('#'+item.div_id);if(item.display_sizes.includes(GAM_breakpoint)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){var item=this;var item_div=$('#'+item.div_id);size_mapping=[];if(item.size_mapping.length){size_mapping=googletag.sizeMapping();item.size_mapping.forEach(function(size_map){size_mapping.addSize(size_map.view,size_map.map);});size_mapping.build();} var targetSlot=googletag.defineSlot(item.slot,item.slot_ad_sizes,item.div_id).setTargeting('pos',[item.target_pos]).defineSizeMapping(size_mapping);if(item.slot_ad_empty==='default'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true);} if(item.slot_ad_empty==='collapse'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true,true);} if(item.slot_ad_empty==='expand'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(false);} targetSlot.addService(googletag.pubads());googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded',function(event){if(event.slot===targetSlot&&event.isEmpty){item_div.parents('.ad-position').addClass('d-none');googletag.destroySlots(event.slot);}});googletag.enableServices();}.bind(item));} else{item_div.parents('.ad-position').addClass('d-none');}} function ntb_google_ad_manager_display(item){if(item.display_all||item.display_sizes.includes(GAM_breakpoint)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){item=this;googletag.display(item.div_id);}.bind(item));}} for(let i=0;i<ntb_google_ad_manager_items.length;i++){ntb_google_ad_manager_build(ntb_google_ad_manager_items[i]);} for(let i=0;i<ntb_google_ad_manager_items.length;i++){ntb_google_ad_manager_display(ntb_google_ad_manager_items[i]);}}); /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive-es5.min.js by ntb_minifier */ (function(){'use strict';if(!window.Joomla){throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised');} var keepAliveOptions=Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive');var keepAliveInterval=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.interval?parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval,10):45*1000;var keepAliveUri=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.uri?keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g,'&'):'';if(keepAliveUri===''){var systemPaths=Joomla.getOptions('system.paths');keepAliveUri=(systemPaths?systemPaths.root+"/index.php":window.location.pathname)+"?option=com_ajax&format=json";} setInterval(function(){return fetch(keepAliveUri,{method:'POST'});},keepAliveInterval);})(); /*! inlined from /media/mod_ntb_bxslider/js/global.min.js by ntb_minifier */ var bxs_update;var bxs_config=[];bxs_breakpoint=function(){breakpoint=window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('body'),':before').getPropertyValue('content').replace(/"/g,'')||'lg';if(breakpoint==='none'){breakpoint='lg';} return breakpoint;};bxs_create=function(name,swaps){var id='bxs-'+name;var bp=bxs_breakpoint();bxs_config[name]={id:id,bp:bp,swaps:swaps,settings:{auto:true,stopAutoOnClick:true,pause:5000,pager:false,minSlides:swaps[bp].slides,maxSlides:swaps[bp].slides,moveSlides:swaps[bp].slides,slideMargin:swaps[bp].margin,slideWidth:swaps[bp].width,nextSelector:'#'+id+'-next',prevSelector:'#'+id+'-prev',nextText:'<i class="fas fa-2x fa-angle-right"></i>',prevText:'<i class="fas fa-2x fa-angle-left"></i>',randomStart:true,adaptiveHeight:true,shrinkItems:true,touchEnabled:false,}};};$(function(){bxs_activate=function(name){bxs_config[name].bxslider=$('#'+bxs_config[name].id+' .bxslider').bxSlider(bxs_config[name].settings);bxs_update(name);$(window).resize(function(){bxs_update(name);});} bxs_update=function(name){var current_bp=bxs_breakpoint();if(current_bp!==bxs_config[name].bp){bxs_config[name].bp=current_bp;var swaps=bxs_config[name].swaps;bxs_config[name].settings.minSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.maxSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.moveSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.slideMargin=swaps[current_bp].margin;bxs_config[name].settings.slideWidth=swaps[current_bp].width;bxs_config[name].bxslider.reloadSlider(bxs_config[name].settings);} $('.'+bxs_config[name].id).removeClass('hidden');bxs_config[name].bxslider.redrawSlider();};});$(function(){olytics.fire({behaviorId:'4781B0235467A1D',category:"Batteries",tag:"Energy,Batteries",pageType:"index",contentType:"topic"})});!function(s,a,e,v,n,t,z){if(s.saq)return;n=s.saq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!s._saq)s._saq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='1.0';n.queue=[];t=a.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;z=a.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];z.parentNode.insertBefore(t,z)}(window,document,'script','https://tags.srv.stackadapt.com/events.js');saq('ts','3GYZ_Va41jnx_uqfPcLCuQ');var match_md_max=window.matchMedia("(max-width: 991px)");bxs_create('default',{xxl:{slides:5,margin:20,width:256},xl:{slides:5,margin:20,width:256},lg:{slides:4,margin:32,width:256},md:{slides:3,margin:35,width:256},sm:{slides:3,margin:10,width:256},xs:{slides:2,margin:10,width:256}});$(function(){bxs_activate('default');});$(function(){$('#cb-form').on('shown.bs.modal',function(){$('#inputUserName').focus();})}); /*! inlined from /templates/met_2022/js/custom.min.js by ntb_minifier */ var _extraWatchParams=_extraWatchParams||[];_extraWatchParams.projectId='20fce0b3-1572-4e54-beee-ab2aa9ae327b';(function(){var ew=document.createElement('script');ew.type='text/javascript';ew.async=true;ew.src='https://agent.extrawatch.com/agent/js/ew.js';var s=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(ew,s);})();_linkedin_partner_id="3077140";window._linkedin_data_partner_ids=window._linkedin_data_partner_ids||[];window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id);(function(l){if(!l){window.lintrk=function(a,b){window.lintrk.q.push([a,b])};window.lintrk.q=[]} var s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];var b=document.createElement("script");b.type="text/javascript";b.async=true;b.src="https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(b,s);})(window.lintrk); </script> </body> </html>