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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Turret 19A</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turret_19A-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turret_19B" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turret_19B"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Turret 19B</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turret_19B-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monument_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monument_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Monument records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monument_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Milecastle_19&params=55.011316_N_1.949307_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°00′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°56′58″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.011316°N 1.949307°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.011316; -1.949307</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Milecastle 19</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="label"><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, UK </span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(The_line_of)_Hadrian%27s_Wall_west_of_Piers_Gate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2599435.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%28The_line_of%29_Hadrian%27s_Wall_west_of_Piers_Gate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2599435.jpg/250px-%28The_line_of%29_Hadrian%27s_Wall_west_of_Piers_Gate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2599435.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%28The_line_of%29_Hadrian%27s_Wall_west_of_Piers_Gate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2599435.jpg/375px-%28The_line_of%29_Hadrian%27s_Wall_west_of_Piers_Gate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2599435.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%28The_line_of%29_Hadrian%27s_Wall_west_of_Piers_Gate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2599435.jpg/500px-%28The_line_of%29_Hadrian%27s_Wall_west_of_Piers_Gate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2599435.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The line of Hadrian's Wall (beneath the modern road) just to the west of Milecastle 19</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Milecastle 19 is located in Northumberland"><img alt="Milecastle 19 is located in Northumberland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg/250px-Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg/375px-Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg/500px-Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:77.234%;left:60.046%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Milecastle 19"><img alt="Milecastle 19" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:6px"><div>Milecastle 19</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Milecastle_19&params=55.011316_N_1.949307_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°00′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°56′58″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.011316°N 1.949307°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.011316; -1.949307</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Grid_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Grid reference">Grid reference</a></th><td 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class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_ancient_Rome" title="Category:Military of ancient Rome">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:130%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_ancient_Rome" title="Military of ancient Rome">Military of ancient Rome</a> <div style="font-size:70%;font-weight:normal;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Founding_of_Rome" title="Founding of Rome">753 BC</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">AD 476</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Structural_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Structural history of the Roman military">Structural history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_army" title="Roman army">Army</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_army_unit_types" title="List of Roman army unit types">Unit types and ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_military_decorations_and_punishments" title="Roman military decorations and punishments">Decorations and punishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_legions" title="List of Roman legions">Legions</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auxilia" title="Auxilia">Auxilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_generals" title="List of Roman generals">Generals</a></li></ul> </div></td> 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battles</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Technological_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Technological history of the Roman military">Technological history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_military_engineering" title="Roman military engineering">Military engineering</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Castra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_siege_engines" title="Roman siege engines">Siege engines</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_triumphal_arches" title="List of Roman triumphal arches">Triumphal arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_roads" title="Roman roads">Roads</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Political history of the Roman military">Political history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="font-size:50%;line-height:0.5em;"> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Strategy_of_the_Roman_military" title="Strategy of the Roman military">Strategy and tactics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_infantry_tactics" title="Roman infantry tactics">Infantry tactics</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_military_frontiers_and_fortifications" title="Roman military frontiers and fortifications">Frontiers and fortifications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Limes</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_defensive_walls" title="Ancient Roman defensive walls">Walls</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Britannicus" title="Limes Britannicus">Limes Britannicus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxon_Shore" title="Saxon Shore">Saxon Shore</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Germanicus" title="Limes Germanicus">Limes Germanicus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb_Limes" title="Alb Limes">Alb Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautertal_Limes" title="Lautertal Limes">Lauter Valley Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Germanic_Limes" title="Lower Germanic Limes">Lower Germanic Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Limes" title="Main Limes">Main Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckar-Odenwald_Limes" title="Neckar-Odenwald Limes">Neckar-Odenwald Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Germanic-Rhaetian_Limes" title="Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes">Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetterau_Limes" title="Wetterau Limes">Wetterau Limes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Iller%E2%80%93Rhine_Limes" title="Danube–Iller–Rhine Limes">Danube–Iller–Rhine Limes</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norican_Limes" class="mw-redirect" title="Norican Limes">Norican Limes</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Claustra_Alpium_Iuliarum" title="Claustra Alpium Iuliarum">Claustra Alpium Iuliarum</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Limes" title="Pannonian Limes">Pannonian Limes</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Alutanus" title="Limes Alutanus">Limes Alutanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Moesiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes Moesiae">Limes Moesiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Wall" title="Trajan's Wall">Trajan's Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasian_Wall" title="Anastasian Wall">Anastasian Wall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dykes" title="Devil's Dykes">Limes Sarmatiae</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Arabicus" title="Limes Arabicus">Limes Arabicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Tripolitanus" title="Limes Tripolitanus">Limes Tripolitanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Mauretaniae" title="Limes Mauretaniae">Limes Mauretaniae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/32px-SPQRomani.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/48px-SPQRomani.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/64px-SPQRomani.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="548" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Rome" title="Portal:Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Rome_military_sidebar" title="Template:Ancient Rome military sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Rome_military_sidebar" title="Template talk:Ancient Rome military sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Rome_military_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Rome military sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Milecastle 19 (Matfen Piers)</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Milecastle" title="Milecastle">milecastle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a>. Sited just to the east of the hamlet of <a href="/wiki/Matfen" title="Matfen">Matfen Piers</a>, the milecastle is today covered by the <a href="/wiki/Military_Road_(Northumberland)" title="Military Road (Northumberland)">B6318 Military Road</a>. The milecastle is notable for the discovery of an altar by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Birley" title="Eric Birley">Eric Birley</a> in the 1930s. An inscription on the altar is one of the few dedications to a <a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">mother goddess</a> found in Roman Britain, and was made by members of the First Cohort of <a href="/wiki/Varduli" title="Varduli">Varduli</a> from northern Spain. The presence of the Vardulians at this milecastle has led to debate amongst archaeologists over the origins of troops used to garrison the wall. A smaller altar was found at one of the two associated turrets. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milecastle_19&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Milecastle 19 was a <a href="/wiki/Milecastle#Axes" title="Milecastle">long-axis milecastle</a> with <a href="/wiki/Milecastle#Gateways" title="Milecastle">Type III gateways</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mc19_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mc19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such milecastles were thought to have been constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Legio_VI_Victrix" title="Legio VI Victrix">legio VI Victrix</a> who were based in <a href="/wiki/Eboracum" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a> (<a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The milecastle lies 150 metres (160 yd) east of the hamlet of Matfen Piers on a section of the <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall#Construction" title="Hadrian's Wall">narrow wall</a> and, though part of it lies beneath the modern <a href="/wiki/Military_Road_(Northumberland)" title="Military Road (Northumberland)">Military Road</a>, is visible as a substantial rise in the hedgerow and as a 0.15m high platform in a cereal field to the south of the road.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mc19_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mc19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breeze175_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze175-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The milecastle measures 16.25 metres (17.77 yd) east to west and 17.2 metres (18.8 yd) north to south.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is known to be situated on an outcrop of degraded <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, either naturally occurring or placed for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excavations_and_investigations">Excavations and investigations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milecastle_19&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Excavations and investigations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>1858</b> – The low platform marking the milecastle is noted by <a href="/wiki/Henry_MacLauchlan" title="Henry MacLauchlan">Henry MacLauchlan</a> in his survey of the wall.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1867</b> – <a href="/wiki/John_Collingwood_Bruce" title="John Collingwood Bruce">John Collingwood Bruce</a> also notes the presence of a platform in his book <i>The Roman Wall</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1931–32</b> – Excavated by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Birley" title="Eric Birley">Eric Birley</a> and the North of England Excavation Committee during work on the Carlisle to Newcastle road.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mc19_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mc19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The north gate was found to have vanished, though its foundations remained, and a hearth discovered at the western side of the southern end of the passage suggested that this gate was partially blocked during the Roman era.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only side wall to remain was part of the western passage wall, though footings indicated that this milecastle had type III gates, and a 2.38 metres (2.60 yd) south wall suggested a narrow wall construction.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Roman altar was discovered immediately outside the south gate of the milecastle.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1935</b> – Excavated by Frank G. Simpson.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1980s</b> – The wall of an internal building within the milecastle was exposed by ploughing.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>14 July 1997</b> – The milecastle was scheduled as an ancient monument.<sup id="cite_ref-mc19_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mc19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1999</b> – An excavation is undertaken by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> consisting of two trenches, one through the eastern wall and interior and one through the southern wall.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eastern wall was noticeably robbed but found to be of stone, bonded by clay, with a rubble core.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The excavation discovered that the floor was made of sandy clay or else this formed the basis for a later earthen floor, and that it was cobbled in the western portion of the interior.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mc19_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mc19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finds recovered included some ironwork, modern glass, an animal bone, one Roman <a href="/wiki/Sestertius" title="Sestertius">Sestertius</a> of Emperor Hadrian dating from AD 125–138 and pottery (some pre-Roman, but mostly 2nd/3rd century AD).<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archaeologists were able to confirm that the milecastle was of narrow wall construction.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The milecastle was noted to have been damaged by ploughing.<sup id="cite_ref-mc19_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mc19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The altar discovered, in a 2nd-century AD context, in the 1930s led Birley to suggest that there was a shrine located nearby or that the milecastle had later been converted to religious use.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mc19_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mc19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The size of the altar suggests that the temple would have been very small.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though altars are not uncommon on Hadrian's Wall, there are 13 other altars or tombs located near to milecastles, it is an inscription on the altar at Milecastle 19 that makes it important to Roman historians.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inscription reads "MATRIB TEMPL CVM ARA VEX COH I VARD INSTANTE P D V VSLM" which translates as "to the Mother Goddesses, this temple with its altarstone [was built by] a detachment of the First Cohort of <a href="/wiki/Varduli" title="Varduli">Varduli</a>, under P[ublius] D[omitius?] V[?], willingly and deservedly fulfilling their vow".<sup id="cite_ref-rbo2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbo2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dedication to the <a href="/wiki/Matres" class="mw-redirect" title="Matres"><i>Matres</i>, or mother goddesses</a> is one of only 60 known from Roman Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cohort_(military_unit)" title="Cohort (military unit)">First Cohort</a> of Varduli are also mentioned in inscriptions at the <a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longovicium" title="Longovicium">Longovicium</a> in Durham, <a href="/wiki/Bremenium" title="Bremenium">Bremenium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corstopitum" class="mw-redirect" title="Corstopitum">Corstopitum</a> in Northumberland and on the <a href="/wiki/Dere_Street" title="Dere Street">Dere Street</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cappuck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cappuck (page does not exist)">Cappuck</a> in the Scottish Borders.<sup id="cite_ref-rbo_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vardullians are known to have been present at <a href="/wiki/Corbridge" title="Corbridge">Corbridge</a> in the AD 160s.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inscription has led to debate amongst archaeologists as to whether Hadrian's Wall was manned by Roman legionaries or men of the non-citizen <a href="/wiki/Auxilia" title="Auxilia">auxilia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Numeri_(Roman_troops)" class="mw-redirect" title="Numeri (Roman troops)">numeri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-project_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Birley suggested that those soldiers who were tasked with manning the wall were drawn from separate units from those who manned the supporting forts.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The altar itself is recorded as a separate monument to the milecastle by English Heritage and is now in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Durham_University_Museum_of_Archaeology" title="Durham University Museum of Archaeology">Durham University Museum of Archaeology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wall at Milecastle 19 was less than 2.44 metres (8.0 ft) wide, with a noticeable stepped reduction in wall thickness just 27.5 metres (90 ft) east of the milecastle.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This step occurred between the second and third courses and is thought to indicate a later repair of the wall.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A causeway used to be visible across the vallum to the south of the milecastle.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An English Heritage report in the late 1990s found that MC19 was one of only two milecastles being actively damaged by agriculture (the other being <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_9" title="Milecastle 9">Milecastle 9</a>) and that it had almost totally been destroyed through farming.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associated_turrets">Associated turrets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milecastle_19&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Associated turrets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a <a href="/wiki/Roman_mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman mile">Roman mile</a> to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with <b>Milecastle 19</b> are known as <b>Turret 19A</b> and <b>Turret 19B</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turret_19A">Turret 19A</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milecastle_19&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Turret 19A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Turret 19A (East Clarewood)</b> lies beneath the modern Military Road, though 5 metres (16 ft) of rough stone walling, 0.8 metres (2.6 ft) high, remains visible within a hedge.<sup id="cite_ref-19a_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The door was thought to lie at the western end of the turret's south wall.<sup id="cite_ref-19a_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turret was apparently dismantled by the Romans, with the latest evidence of occupation being some pottery of 200 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-19a_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was examined by Birley in 1932, who found pottery dating only to the 2nd century AD, and found to be of the same construction as <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_18" title="Milecastle 18">Turrets 18A and B</a> except that the recess was blocked up with walls founded on earlier <a href="/wiki/Occupation_earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation earth">occupation earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A doorjamb and <a href="/wiki/Hypocaust" title="Hypocaust">hypocaust</a> pillar were found to have been incorporated into the wall.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irregularities in the vallum to the south of Turret 19A were once visible, consisting of gaps in the southern mound that were protected by an additional mound outside of the line in the manner of a traverse.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turret 19A was scheduled as an ancient monument at the same time as the milecastle.<sup id="cite_ref-19a_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Location on <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey#Leisure_maps" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> 1:25 000 map: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Milecastle_19&params=55.011858_N_1.956812_W_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Turret+19A"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°00′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°57′25″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.011858°N 1.956812°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.011858; -1.956812</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Turret 19A</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turret_19B">Turret 19B</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milecastle_19&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Turret 19B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_Site_of_Turret_19B.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_Site_of_Turret_19B.JPG/220px-Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_Site_of_Turret_19B.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_Site_of_Turret_19B.JPG/330px-Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_Site_of_Turret_19B.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_Site_of_Turret_19B.JPG/440px-Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_Site_of_Turret_19B.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The site of Turret 19B next to the Military Road, marked by nettle growth, a sign of human habitation.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Turret 19B (West Clarewood)</b> also lies beneath the modern Military Road, with no visible remains, and was excavated in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-19b_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19b-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This turret was constructed mainly with clay rather than mortar and has wider walls than normally found on narrow wall turrets, being 2.97 metres (9.7 ft) thick.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The door was proven to lie at the western end of the south wall and a small and uninscribed altar was discovered beneath a floor of flagstones.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19b_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19b-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The altar showed <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">reliefs</a> of a jug, cleaver, knife and phallus and was located below the last surviving floor level.<sup id="cite_ref-altar_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-altar-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> East of the turret gaps are once more noticeable in the southern mound of the vallum.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turret is thought to have been abandoned during the 2nd century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Breeze176_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turret 19B was scheduled by English Heritage along with the milecastle, the altar is scheduled separately <sup id="cite_ref-19b_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19b-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Location on <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey#Leisure_maps" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> 1:25 000 map: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Milecastle_19&params=55.01231_N_1.964474_W_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Turret+19B"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°00′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°57′52″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.012310°N 1.964474°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.012310; -1.964474</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Turret 19B</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monument_records">Monument records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milecastle_19&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Monument records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Monument</th> <th>Monument Number</th> <th><a href="/wiki/English_Heritage_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="English Heritage Archive">English Heritage Archive</a> Number </th></tr> <tr> <td>Milecastle 19</td> <td>20455</td> <td>NZ 06 NW 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turret 19A</td> <td>20458</td> <td>NZ 06 NW 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turret 19B</td> <td>20461</td> <td>NZ 06 NW 6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inscribed altar associated with milecastle</td> <td>1004321</td> <td>NZ 06 NW 26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uninscribed altar found at Turret 19B</td> <td>1004325</td> <td>NZ 06 NW 27 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milecastle_19&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-project-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-project_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilmott" class="citation web cs1">Wilmott, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/hadrians-wall/hadrians-wall-chap5.pdf">"The Hadrian's Wall Milecastles Project: 1999–2000"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Hadrian's Wall: Archeological research by English Heritage 1976-2000</i>. English Heritage.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hadrian%27s+Wall%3A+Archeological+research+by+English+Heritage+1976-2000&rft.atitle=The+Hadrian%E2%80%99s+Wall+Milecastles+Project%3A+1999%E2%80%932000&rft.aulast=Wilmott&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-heritage.org.uk%2Fpublications%2Fhadrians-wall%2Fhadrians-wall-chap5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mc19-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mc19_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mc19_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mc19_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mc19_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mc19_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mc19_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mc19_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130416004857/http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=20455">"Milecastle 19"</a>. <i>Pastscape</i>. English Heritage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=20455">the original</a> on 16 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pastscape&rft.atitle=Milecastle+19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D20455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breeze-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breeze_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_J_Breeze_and_Brian_Dobson1976" class="citation book cs1">David J Breeze and Brian Dobson (1976). <i>Hadrian's Wall</i>. Allen Lane. pp. 14–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140271821" title="Special:BookSources/0140271821"><bdi>0140271821</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hadrian%27s+Wall&rft.pages=14-15&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0140271821&rft.au=David+J+Breeze+and+Brian+Dobson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breeze175-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breeze175_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_J_Breeze_and_Brian_Dobson1976" class="citation book cs1">David J Breeze and Brian Dobson (1976). <i>Hadrian's Wall</i>. Allen Lane. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140271821" title="Special:BookSources/0140271821"><bdi>0140271821</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hadrian%27s+Wall&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0140271821&rft.au=David+J+Breeze+and+Brian+Dobson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breeze176-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breeze176_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_J._Breeze_and_Brian_Dobson1976" class="citation book cs1">David J. 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Allen Lane. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140271821" title="Special:BookSources/0140271821"><bdi>0140271821</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hadrian%27s+Wall&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0140271821&rft.au=David+J.+Breeze+and+Brian+Dobson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirley" class="citation book cs1">Birley, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=24V88LbLUL4C"><i>The Deities of Roman Britain</i></a>. p. 91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deities+of+Roman+Britain&rft.pages=91&rft.aulast=Birley&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D24V88LbLUL4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbo2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rbo2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124060345/http://www.roman-britain.org/frontiers/hw_epigraphic.htm">"Hadrian's Wall - Epigraphic Evidence from the Wall"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pastscape&rft.atitle=Monument+no.+1004321&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D1004321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadrians-wall.org/ResourceManager/Documents/Hadrian%E2%80%99s%20Wall%20Management%20Plan%202008-2014%20-%20Parts%206+7.pdf">"Hadrian's Wall Management Plan Consultation Draft - 2 June 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hadrian's Wall Country<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hadrian%E2%80%99s+Wall+Management+Plan+Consultation+Draft+-+2+June+2008&rft.pub=Hadrian%27s+Wall+Country&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadrians-wall.org%2FResourceManager%2FDocuments%2FHadrian%25E2%2580%2599s%2520Wall%2520Management%2520Plan%25202008-2014%2520-%2520Parts%25206%2B7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19a-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-19a_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-19a_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-19a_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-19a_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415180035/http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=20458">"Turret 19A"</a>. <i>Pastscape</i>. English Heritage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=20458">the original</a> on 15 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pastscape&rft.atitle=Turret+19A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D20458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Urtica_dioica#Distribution" title="Urtica dioica"><i>Urtica dioica</i> distribution</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19b-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-19b_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-19b_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-19b_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415144826/http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=20461">"Turret 19B"</a>. <i>Pastscape</i>. English Heritage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=20461">the original</a> on 15 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pastscape&rft.atitle=Turret+19B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D20461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-altar-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-altar_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307023142/http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=1004325">"Monument no. 1004325"</a>. <i>Pastscape</i>. English Heritage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=1004325">the original</a> on 7 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pastscape&rft.atitle=Monument+no.+1004325&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D1004325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilecastle+19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Forts_and_structures_of_Hadrian&#039;s_Wall" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#99cc88;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Template:Hadrian's Wall"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Template talk:Hadrian's Wall"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hadrian's Wall"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Forts_and_structures_of_Hadrian&#039;s_Wall" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Forts</a> and structures of <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Wall Forts (East to West)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segedunum" title="Segedunum">Segedunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Aelius" title="Pons Aelius">Pons Aelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condercum" title="Condercum">Condercum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindobala" title="Vindobala">Vindobala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnum" title="Hunnum">Onnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilurnum" title="Cilurnum">Cilurnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrawburgh" title="Carrawburgh">Procolita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housesteads_Roman_Fort" title="Housesteads Roman Fort">Vercovicium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesica" title="Aesica">Aesica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnis_(Carvoran)" title="Magnis (Carvoran)">Magnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna_(Birdoswald)" title="Banna (Birdoswald)">Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camboglanna" title="Camboglanna">Camboglanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petriana" title="Petriana">Uxelodunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aballava" title="Aballava">Aballava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coggabata" title="Coggabata">Coggabata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mais_(Bowness)" title="Mais (Bowness)">Maia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Britain_1.png/100px-Britain_1.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Britain_1.png/150px-Britain_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Britain_1.png/200px-Britain_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="1362" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg/100px-Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg/150px-Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg/200px-Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Outpost Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habitancum" title="Habitancum">Habitancum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bewcastle_Roman_Fort" title="Bewcastle Roman Fort">Fanum Cocidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthuret#Netherby_Hall" title="Arthuret">Castra Exploratorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blatobulgium" title="Blatobulgium">Blatobulgium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Stanegate Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coria_(Corbridge)" title="Coria (Corbridge)">Corstopitum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbrough" title="Newbrough">Newbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindolanda" title="Vindolanda">Vindolanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haltwhistle_Burn#Roman_fort" title="Haltwhistle Burn">Haltwhistle Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnis_(Carvoran)" title="Magnis (Carvoran)">Magnis</a></li> <li>Throp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nether_Denton" title="Nether Denton">Nether Denton</a></li> <li>Castle Hill Boothby</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brampton_Old_Church" title="Brampton Old Church">Brampton Old Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luguvalium" title="Luguvalium">Luguvalium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Supply Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alauna_Carvetiorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauna Carvetiorum">Alauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeia" title="Arbeia">Arbeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coria_(Corbridge)" title="Coria (Corbridge)">Coria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindomora" title="Vindomora">Vindomora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Cumbrian Coast Forts (North to South)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bibra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alauna_(Maryport)" title="Alauna (Maryport)">Alauna</a></li> <li>Burrow Walls</li> <li>Gabrosentum</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Milecastle" title="Milecastle">Milecastles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_0" title="Milecastle 0">0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_1" title="Milecastle 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_2" title="Milecastle 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_3" title="Milecastle 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_4" title="Milecastle 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_5" title="Milecastle 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_6" title="Milecastle 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_7" title="Milecastle 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_8" title="Milecastle 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_9" title="Milecastle 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_10" title="Milecastle 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_11" title="Milecastle 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_12" title="Milecastle 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_13" title="Milecastle 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_14" title="Milecastle 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_15" title="Milecastle 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_16" title="Milecastle 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_17" title="Milecastle 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_18" title="Milecastle 18">18</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_20" title="Milecastle 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_21" title="Milecastle 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_22" title="Milecastle 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_23" title="Milecastle 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_24" title="Milecastle 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_25" title="Milecastle 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_26" title="Milecastle 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_27" title="Milecastle 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_28" title="Milecastle 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_29" title="Milecastle 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_30" title="Milecastle 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_31" title="Milecastle 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_32" title="Milecastle 32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_33" title="Milecastle 33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_34" title="Milecastle 34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_35" title="Milecastle 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_36" title="Milecastle 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_37" title="Milecastle 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_38" title="Milecastle 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_39" title="Milecastle 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_40" title="Milecastle 40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_41" title="Milecastle 41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_42" title="Milecastle 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_43" title="Milecastle 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_44" title="Milecastle 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_45" title="Milecastle 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_46" title="Milecastle 46">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_47" title="Milecastle 47">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_48" title="Milecastle 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_49" title="Milecastle 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_50" title="Milecastle 50">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_50TW" title="Milecastle 50TW">50TW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_51" title="Milecastle 51">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_52" title="Milecastle 52">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_53" title="Milecastle 53">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_54" title="Milecastle 54">54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_55" title="Milecastle 55">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_56" title="Milecastle 56">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_57" title="Milecastle 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_58" title="Milecastle 58">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_59" title="Milecastle 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_60" title="Milecastle 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_61" title="Milecastle 61">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_62" title="Milecastle 62">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_63" title="Milecastle 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_64" title="Milecastle 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_65" title="Milecastle 65">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_66" title="Milecastle 66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_67" title="Milecastle 67">67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_68" title="Milecastle 68">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_69" title="Milecastle 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_70" title="Milecastle 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_71" title="Milecastle 71">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_72" title="Milecastle 72">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_73" title="Milecastle 73">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_74" title="Milecastle 74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_75" title="Milecastle 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_76" title="Milecastle 76">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_77" title="Milecastle 77">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_78" title="Milecastle 78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_79" title="Milecastle 79">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_80" title="Milecastle 80">80</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Milefortlets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_1" title="Milefortlet 1">MF 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_2" title="Milefortlet 2">MF 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_3" title="Milefortlet 3">MF 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_4" title="Milefortlet 4">MF 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_5" title="Milefortlet 5">MF 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_9" title="Milefortlet 9">MF 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_10" title="Milefortlet 10">MF 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_11" title="Milefortlet 11">MF 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_12" title="Milefortlet 12">MF 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_13" title="Milefortlet 13">MF 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_14" title="Milefortlet 14">MF 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_15" title="Milefortlet 15">MF 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_16" title="Milefortlet 16">MF 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_17" title="Milefortlet 17">MF 17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milefortlet_18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milefortlet 18 (page does not exist)">MF 18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milefortlet_19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milefortlet 19 (page does not exist)">MF 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_20" title="Milefortlet 20">MF 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_21" title="Milefortlet 21">MF 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_22" title="Milefortlet 22">MF 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_23" title="Milefortlet 23">MF 23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milefortlet_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milefortlet 24 (page does not exist)">MF 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_25" title="Milefortlet 25">MF 25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Other structures on Hadrian's Wall</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portgate" title="Portgate">Portgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetrees_(Hadrian%27s_Wall_section)" title="Planetrees (Hadrian's Wall section)">Planetrees (Hadrian's Wall section)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesters_Bridge" title="Chesters Bridge">Chesters Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_Corner" title="Limestone Corner">Limestone Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knag_Burn_Gateway" title="Knag Burn Gateway">Knag Burn Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_39#Peel_Gap_Tower" title="Milecastle 39">Peel Gap Tower</a></li> <li>Willowford Bridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_Hill_Signal_Tower" title="Pike Hill Signal Tower">Pike Hill Signal Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Regular and linear features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallum_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)" title="Vallum (Hadrian's Wall)">Vallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Way_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)" title="Military Way (Hadrian's Wall)">Military Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall_Path" title="Hadrian's Wall Path">Hadrian's Wall Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)" title="Turret (Hadrian's Wall)">Turrets</a></li></ul> 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