CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>wikiHow : tutoriels fiables</title> <script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( /(^|\s)client-nojs(\s|$)/, "$1client-js$2" );</script> <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Accueil","wgTitle":"Accueil","wgCurRevisionId":273294,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":5,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages avec des liens de fichiers brisés","WikiHow"],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janvier","février","mars","avril","mai","juin","juillet","août","septembre","octobre","novembre","décembre"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","janv.","fév","mars","avr","mai","juin","juill.","aoû","sept.","oct.","nov.","déc"],"wgRelevantPageName":"Accueil","wgRelevantArticleId":5,"wgRequestId":"4c9610dcd1089fd89d2d446b","wgCSPNonce":false,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["sysop"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgIsMainPage":true,"wgUserType":"anon","wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFLazyLoadImages":false,"wgMFLazyLoadReferences":false,"wgMFIsPageContentModelEditable":true,"wgMFEnableFontChanger":true,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":false,"nearby":false,"watchlist":false,"tagline":false},"wgWikihowSiteRev":"Z8S6V","wgFBAppId":"157545333433","wgGoogleAppId":"475770217963-cj49phca8tqki2ggs0ttcaerhs8339eh.apps.googleusercontent.com","wgCDNbase":"https://www.wikihow.com","wgNlpCategory":"","wgProMembership":0,"wgHasEmail":0,"wgIsUserReviewEligible":"ineligible","wgNumReviews":"0","wgMinervaFeatures":{"amc":false,"beta":false,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"backToTop":false,"shareButton":false,"toggling":true,"pageIssues":false,"talkAtTop":false},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0],"wgMinervaMenuData":[]});mw.loader.state({"user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","user.tokens":"loading","zzz.mobile.wikihow.homepage.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.base.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.ui.icon":"ready","mediawiki.ui.button":"ready","skins.minerva.icons.images":"ready","skins.minerva.mainPage.styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.slider_styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.rcwidget_styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.trusted_sources.styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.expertadvicesection.styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.expertinterviewsection.styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.green_box":"ready","ext.wikihow.social_footer_styles":"ready"});mw.loader.implement("user.options@1dpodri",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.options.set({"variant":"fr"}); });mw.loader.implement("user.tokens@0tffind",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });RLPAGEMODULES=["zzz.mobile.wikihow.homepage.scripts","mediawiki.page.startup","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.wikihow.common_top","ext.wikihow.common_bottom","zzz.mobile.wikihow.styles_late_load","zzz.mobile.wikihow.scripts_late_load","mobile.wikihow.tabsonmobile","mobile.wikihow","mobile.wikihow.mobileslideshowinit","mobile.wikihow.stable.styles","mobile.wikihow.socialproof","ext.wikihow.slider","ext.wikihow.loginreminder","ext.wikihow.rcwidget","ext.wikihow.trusted_sources.scripts","ext.wikihow.lightbox","mobile.site","mobile.init","mobile.wikihow.userreview","ext.wikihow.green_box.scripts","ext.wikihow.social_footer"];mw.loader.load(RLPAGEMODULES);});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/load.php?debug=false&lang=fr&modules=ext.wikihow.expertadvicesection.styles%7Cext.wikihow.expertinterviewsection.styles%7Cext.wikihow.green_box%2Crcwidget_styles%2Cslider_styles%2Csocial_footer_styles%7Cext.wikihow.trusted_sources.styles%7Cmediawiki.ui.button%2Cicon%7Cskins.minerva.base.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons.images%7Cskins.minerva.mainPage.styles%7Czzz.mobile.wikihow.homepage.styles&only=styles&siterev=Z8S6V&skin=wh"/> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.33.0-alpha"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="description" content="wikiHow est un projet d'écriture collaboratif basé sur la technologie wiki afin de construire le plus grand manuel d'instruction de qualité au monde. Notre manuel multilingue est une source gratuite de d'instructions étape-par-étape sur comment faire toute sorte de choses."/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0, width=device-width"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.wikihow.com/skins/WikiHow/wH-initials_152x152.png"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon_round.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch_desc.php" title="wikiHow (fr)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://fr.wikihow.com/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.wikihow.com/Accueil"/> <script>window.WH=window.WH||{timeStart:+(new Date()),lang:{}}; if(/.+@.+/.test(window.location.hash)){window.location.hash='';}</script> <script>retinaAvailable = false;</script> <style>html,body,div,span,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,del,ins,em,img,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,input,textarea,button,select,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline}table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td{margin:0;padding:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline}button{border:none;background-color:transparent}body{line-height:1;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}input{line-height:normal}ol,ul{list-style:none}table{border-collapse:collapse}strong,b{font-weight:bold}i,em{font-style:italic}html{height:100%}body{min-height:100%;background-color:#f3f3f3;color:#545454;font-family:"Helvetica","Nimbus Sans L","Arial","Liberation Sans",sans-serif;line-height:1.4;font-size:16px;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}code{font-family:monospace}h1,h2,h3,h4{color:#222}.hidden,a.hide,img[src=""],.stable #ca-talk,.client-nojs #ca-watch.cta,.client-nojs #ca-edit,.client-nojs #ca-upload,#ca-talk.selected,.template_top,.section>.section_text>h3 .edit-page,#tips h3,h4.steps_text .edit-page,h5.steps_text .edit-page,h6.steps_text .edit-page,#uci_section,.trvote_box,.section.video,#hp_navigation,#mcta_root,#method_toc,.amazon_info,#servedtime,.tabbed_content,#sp_h2.tabbed_content,#social_proof_mobile.tabbed_content,#uci_section.tabbed_content,.tabbed_content .edit-page,.m-video-helpful-wrap,.m-video-wm,#gdpr_dismiss,#gdpr_close,#intro .green_box,.header #actions,#actionbar,.pswp,#mw-mf-last-modified,.page_stats,#end_options,#footer_newsletter{display:none}a,a:active,a:visited,a.new{color:#307530;text-decoration:none;word-wrap:break-word}a:active,a:hover{color:#439B05;text-decoration:underline}a.new{color:#B30000}a[title^='User']{color:#307530}a.external{background-image:none}.clearall{clear:both;height:0}#section_0.title_sm{font-size:1.3em}#section_0.title_md{font-size:1.5em}#section_0.title_lg{font-size:1.6em}#section_0 span.ja_how_to{color:#7b9965}#mw-mf-viewport{position:relative;height:100%}#mw-mf-page-center{padding:0;min-height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:3;background-color:#FFF;transition:all 0.5s ease 0s}#mw-mf-page-center.footerad{padding:0 0 180px}.footerad #footer{bottom:110px}.header_container{background-color:#93B874;position:fixed;border:0;z-index:10;top:0;width:100%}#header_container_small{display:none}#wh-progress-bar{position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;width:0;height:2px;background-color:#475347;transition:width 1s linear;-webkit-transition:width 1s linear;-moz-transition:width 1s linear;-o-transition:width 1s linear}.header{height:40px;display:table;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 auto;width:100%;border-top:none}#mw-mf-main-menu-button,#wikilove_header,#header_logo,#hs,#actions,#random-button,#secondary-button{width:3em;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}#actions{width:auto}.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.header #secondary-button{text-indent:-9999px;background-repeat:no-repeat}.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button{background-position:40% 40%}.header #secondary-button{background-position:60% 40%}.header #secondary-button.user-button{text-indent:0;text-align:center}.header #secondary-button.user-button:hover{text-decoration:none}.header #secondary-button.user-button span{display:inline-block;width:24px;height:24px;font-weight:bold;color:#fff;line-height:24px;background:#c91f2c;border-radius:2px}.header .search{border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent}#hs,#hs_query{width:72px;position:static}.hs_active .search{padding-right:50px}#hs_query,#hs_close,#hs_submit{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:39px;margin:1px 0 0;padding:0;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:no-repeat;border:none}#hs_query{border:solid 5px #93B874;border-radius:10px;padding:0 5px;-webkit-appearance:none;background:#FFF url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/search_gray.svg) right 4px center / 20px no-repeat;box-sizing:border-box;color:transparent;font-size:16px;transition:width 100ms ease-in-out;outline:none;z-index:1}.hs_notif #hs_query{margin-right:40px}.hs_active.hs_notif #hs_query{margin-right:0}.hs_active #hs_query:valid{background-image:none}#hs_close{width:0;background:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/close.svg) center / 15px no-repeat;z-index:2}#hs_submit{display:none;position:absolute;background-size:20px;background-position:right 9px center;width:40px;z-index:2}.dynamic_poll_link{text-decoration:underline;font-size:14px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#hs_query,#hs_submit{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/search_gray.svg)}.hs_active #hs_query{color:#545454;width:100%;padding-left:34px;padding-right:34px;background-position:left 6px bottom 50%}.hs_active #hs_query:valid ~ #hs_submit{display:block;right:auto;left:0}.hs_active #hs_close{width:40px}#hs_query::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:0}.hs_active #hs_query::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:1}}@media only screen and (min-width:600px){#hs_query{background-color:#B3CE9C;color:#fff;width:30%;padding-left:10px;padding-right:34px}#hs_query,#hs_submit{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/mag_white.png)}#hs_query:valid ~ #hs_submit{display:block}#hs_query::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#E3F8D1}}.content{margin:0;word-wrap:break-word}.content img{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:auto}.content video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:auto}.content h1,.content h2,.content h3,.content h4,.content h5,.content h6{line-height:1.3;padding:0.5em 0}.content p{margin-bottom:.7em}.content .thumb{margin:15px 0;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:5px;background:#f9f9f9;text-align:center}.content ol ol,.content ul ol,.content ol ul,.content ul ul,dl{margin-left:1em}.pre-content h1,.content h1{font-size:1.8em}h2{font-size:1.5em}h3{font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold}h4,dl dt{font-weight:bold}sup{vertical-align:super;line-height:normal}sub{vertical-align:sub}sub,sup{font-size:0.83em}pre{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:break-word}#content_wrapper{padding-top:40px;background-color:#FFF}.pre-content{background-color:#FFF;border-bottom:none;margin:0}.section-heading .indicator{display:none}#section_0{border-bottom:none;color:#222;font-size:26px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;padding:12px 15px 0}#section_0.special_title{font-size:18px;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:15px 20px}#section_0 a{color:#222;text-decoration:none}.ns-0.action-view #section_0{padding:0 15px}#intro{background-color:#FFF;margin:0;padding:7px 15px 3px}body.action-view #content>#intro{padding-top:7px}#intro p{line-height:20px}#intro .mwimg{margin:-7px -15px 5px -15px}#intro .mwimg img{border-radius:0}.section{margin-top:1em;position:relative}.section .headline_container:not(.subheadline),.steps .headline_container{background-color:#F0F4EB;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:table}.headline_container h3,.headline_container h2{font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em;padding:0}.section h2,.sample h3{display:inline-block;padding:.8em;color:#222}#intro .subtitle{color:#777;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;font-size:1em;margin:-.25em 0 .75em 0;border-bottom:none;background:none}h4.steps_text{position:relative;padding-left:1em;background:#FFF4C4;color:#333}.section>.section_text>h3{background-position:3px center}.step_num{font-size:30px;color:#545454;padding:0 15px 0 0;float:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:39px}.stepanchor{display:block;position:relative;top:-110px;visibility:hidden}.steps_list_2 li{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:16px;line-height:normal;list-style:none;background-color:#FFF;border-radius:4px;padding:20px;clear:both}#content_wrapper{margin:0}.steps_list_2 li li{border:none;margin:0;list-style:disc;padding:0 }.steps_list_2 .mwimg.largeimage{margin:-20px -20px 10px}.mwimg{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);line-height:0;margin-bottom:1em;position:relative;text-align:center}#quick_summary_section .mwimg{margin-bottom:0}.steps_list_2 .mwimg.underwidth{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mwimg.techicon{display:inline;border:none}.mwimg.techicon img{width:auto;height:30px !important;position:relative;min-height:0;min-width:0}.mwimg.techicon .content-spacer{width:auto;height:30px !important;padding-top:0 !important;display:inline}.content img.whvgif{width:100%;max-width:760px !important}.caption{position:absolute;width:96%;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#444;opacity:0.7;text-align:left;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;padding:5px 2%;color:#fff}.mwimg.tright{float:right}.steps_list_2 li li .mwimg.largeimage{margin:5px 0}.section_text,.steps_text{padding:15px;background-color:#FFF;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;font-size:16px}.steps.sample .section_text{background-color:#FFF}.sample p{padding:.9em;margin:0}#quicksummary{padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:-15px}#video.section_text{padding:0}#quick_summary_section.section_text{padding-bottom:0}#video .embedvideocontainer{width:100%}.content .steps_list_2 ul,.content .steps_list_2 ol{margin:8px 0 0 30px}.steps .section_text{background-color:inherit;padding:0;border:none}.altblock{background:#93b874;color:#FFF;text-align:center;padding:0;border-radius:7px;font-size:0;width:3rem;height:3rem;display:table;position:absolute;margin:.625rem;top:0}.altblock > div{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.altblock > div > span{font-size:21px;font-weight:bold}.headline_info{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;padding:.6rem .35rem .6rem 4.5rem;height:3rem}.headline_container:not(.block_header) .headline_info{padding:0}.method_label{font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;color:#707070}#thingsyoullneed{overflow:hidden}#ingredients li,#thingsyoullneed li{clear:both;list-style:none;margin-bottom:1.1em;line-height:20px}#thingsyoullneed li > ul{margin-top:10px;margin-left:27px}.checkmark{border:1px solid #a3a3a3;width:.9em;height:.9em;border-radius:4px;float:left;margin-right:.5em} .section:not(.steps) h3{font-weight:normal;font-size:1rem}.section:not(.steps) .subheadline{position:relative}.section:not(.steps) .subheadline .altblock{margin:.15rem 0 0;height:1rem;width:1rem;border-radius:0}.section:not(.steps) .subheadline .headline_info{display:inline-block;padding:0 0 .5em 1.5em;height:auto}.section:not(.steps) .block_header h2{padding:0;height:3rem;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.section.tips .altblock{background:#93b874 url(/skins/owl/images/tips_icon.svg) center / 32px no-repeat}.section.warnings .altblock{background:#93b874 url(/skins/owl/images/warnings_icon.svg) center / 32px no-repeat}.tysk .headline_container{background:#F0F4EB 0 0 / 42px repeat-y;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 1 1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2393b874' d='M0 0h.5v1H0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.section.tysk h2{padding-left:2.25rem}.content ul{list-style:disc inside}.section h2.android,.section h3.android,.tool div.android{top:0}.content .edit-page{display:none}.stable .content p,.stable .content li,.stable .content dl{line-height:25px}#header_logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;background:center / 115px no-repeat url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/wikihow_logo_230.png);width:auto;height:38px;padding:0 14px}#skip-main{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:6px;top:6px}#skip-main:focus,#skip-main:active{width:fit-content;height:fit-content;overflow:visible;color:white;padding:2px;font-weight:bold;z-index:999;background-color:#92B874 }.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button{width:72px;border-right:none;background:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/main_menu_button.svg) left 15px bottom 50% / 18px no-repeat}.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.header #secondary-button{height:auto}.header #secondary-button.user-button{padding-top:.35em}#random-button{background:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_random.svg) center no-repeat}.wh_search .cse_q{border:none}.breadcrumbs li{display:inline-block;padding-right:.3em}.breadcrumbs li:after{content:' \20\00BB'}.breadcrumbs li:last-child:after{content:''}#breadcrumb{font-size:.7em;padding:1em 0 .7em 15px;text-transform:uppercase}#breadcrumb li{display:none;line-height:1em;padding-right:.5em}#breadcrumb li:after{color:#307530;font-size:1.25em;white-space:pre}#breadcrumb li:nth-last-child(2),#breadcrumb li:last-child{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold} .button,button,.panel .button,.panel button,.buttonBar .button,.buttonBar button,.buttonBar input[type="submit"],.mw-ui-button,input[type="submit"]{border-radius:4px;text-align:center;color:#FFF;padding:8px 11px;font-size:1.1em;margin-right:10px;cursor:pointer;background-image:none;background-color:#97ba78;border:1px solid #97ba78;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none}.button.secondary{color:#686868;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:1px solid #e5e5e5} #wh_ad_middle_related{float:left}#wh_ad_tips,#pagebottom{margin-top:12px}.al_method{text-align:center;font-size:12px;color:#999}#references_first ins{margin-top:10px}.method_ad{margin:17px 0 0 -16px;display:block}.wh_ad1_full{margin-left:-16px}.embedvideocontainer{position:relative;width:99%;height:0;padding-bottom:56.25%}.section.video.youtube_short_articles{display:block}.section.video.youtube_short_articles .headline_info{display:none}.embedvideocontainer.ytshort{position:relative;width:auto;height:0;padding-bottom:177.78%}.embedvideo{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}body.action-view #fa_container p{width:100%;font-size:16px !important;line-height:16px !important}.content #intro ul,.content .section_text ul{list-style:disc outside;padding-left:24px}.content .section_text .steps_list_2 ul,.content .ingredients ul,.content .thingsyoullneed ul{padding-left:0}.content #intro li,.content .section_text ul li{margin-bottom:5px}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section ul li{margin-bottom:12px;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;list-style:none}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section ul{padding-left:16px}.content .expert_advice_section p{margin-bottom:10px;color:#5f5f5f;font-size:14px;line-height:23px}.content .section_text .steps_list_2 ul li,.content .ingredients ul li,.content .thingsyoullneed ul li{margin-bottom:0}.content .ingredients ul ul{margin:20px 0 0 26px}#social_proof_anchor{margin-top:-115px;display:block;position:absolute}.related-article{float:left;position:relative;width:100%;margin-bottom:2%}#relatedwikihows{padding:2%}.content-spacer{position:relative}.content-fill{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;width:1px;min-width:100%;height:1px;min-height:100%;color:#fff }#mobile_tab_container{position:relative;border:1px solid #E6EEE0;border-width:1px 0;clear:both;background:#f7faf6;margin:5px -15px 15px;box-shadow:0 6px 6px -6px rgba(84,84,84,.3)}#mobile_tab_container a,#mobile_tab_container a:visited{color:#707070}.mobile_tab{position:relative;margin:0 1em 0 1.3em;padding:.7em 0 .8em;font-weight:bold;font-size:.8em;display:inline-block}.mobile_tab.video{margin-left:0}.mobile_tab a{padding:.2em 0}.mobile_tab.video a{padding-right:1.9em;background:right 0 bottom 57% / 18px no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fff' stroke='%23a3a3a3' d='M14.13 3a2.66 2.66 0 00-1.06-1.1 3.84 3.84 0 00-2.16-.4H4.1a3.88 3.88 0 00-2.17.4A2.69 2.69 0 00.88 3 4.47 4.47 0 00.5 5.34v4.32A4.5 4.5 0 00.88 12a2.69 2.69 0 001 1.14 3.88 3.88 0 002.17.4h6.81a3.84 3.84 0 002.16-.4A2.66 2.66 0 0014.13 12a4.53 4.53 0 00.37-2.3V5.34A4.51 4.51 0 0014.13 3z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23a3a3a3' d='M10.76 7.84a.78.78 0 01-.31.34l-4.74 2.53a.68.68 0 01-.93-.34.76.76 0 01-.08-.37V5a.73.73 0 01.7-.75.65.65 0 01.31.08l4.74 2.53a.78.78 0 01.31.98z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#mobile_tab_line{position:absolute;bottom:0;background-color:#6d9d6c;height:4px;width:90%;margin-left:5%;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}.summarysection.mwimg,.summarysection .mwimg{margin:-16px -15px 0}.content .m-video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:auto}.summary-video{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.video-poster-image{position:absolute;z-index:1}.video-poster-image img{object-fit:cover}.green_tips_box_inline{background-color:#fff5d9;color:#000;margin:0;width:75%;display:inline}.img-loading-hide{visibility:hidden}.img-loading-alt{color:#000}#gdpr{width:100%;margin:0 auto;position:fixed;bottom:0;max-height:70px;z-index:10000;text-align:center;background-color:#475347;color:#FFF;padding:9px 5px;display:none}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{background-color:#b6e684;border:1px solid #b6e684;color:#000;display:inline-block;font-size:0.8em;font-weight:bold;padding:5px 10px 6px 10px;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:super;margin-left:5px;margin-right:0}#gdpr_text{font-size:0.9em;display:inline-block;max-width:73%;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}#gdpr_text a{color:#EEE;text-decoration:underline}#gdpr_text_inner{padding-right:3px}#gdpr_accept_wrap{display:inline-block}#gdpr_cp_link{font-size:13px;color:#FFF;text-decoration:underline;display:inline-block}.mw-mf-display-toggle > a{color:#AFAFAF;font-size:1em}.mw-mf-display-toggle{bottom:0;margin:3em 0 10px 13px;color:#AFAFAF;font-size:.75em}.geo-group-eu .mw-mf-display-toggle{padding-left:0;background:none}.gdpr_only{visibility:hidden}.no_gdpr{visibility:visible}.geo-group-eu .gdpr_only{visibility:visible}.geo-group-eu .no_gdpr{visibility:hidden}#mw-mf-page-left{position:fixed !important;overflow-y:scroll;height:100%}body.navigation-enabled #mw-mf-page-left{display:block}.noarticletext div{border:none !important;padding:0;margin-bottom:0.75em}ol.references{padding-left:.5em}.references li{position:relative;list-style-position:outside}.references li span{margin-left:3px;word-break:break-word}.references li > a{float:left;margin-top:-2px}.sourcesandcitations{word-break:break-all}.sourcesandcitations .section_text{padding-left:30px} #aiinfo:target ~ .aidata,#social_proof_mobile:target ~ .aidata{display:block}.aidata,#aiinfo:target,#social_proof_mobile:target ~ #aiinfo{display:none}.section.articleinfo{margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.articleinfo #articleinfo{margin-top:-5px;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;border-top:none;position:relative}#articleinfo #info_link{width:100%;display:block}#articleinfo #info_link,.collapse_link{ background:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/show_sources.svg) right .5em center / 20px no-repeat} #social_proof_mobile + .articleinfo #articleinfo,#summary_wrapper + .articleinfo #articleinfo{ padding:15px;border-top:1px solid #f3f3f3;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;margin-top:-5px;position:relative;z-index:1}#summary_close{display:none}#references_second{padding-top:0;border-top:0;margin-top:-10px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0} .article_byline{color:#222;font-size:12px;overflow:auto}#intro .article_byline p{line-height:1rem;margin:0}#recipe_byline{line-height:24px; }#coauthor_byline{margin-bottom:.75rem}#byline_info{line-height:1rem}.newline{display:block}#coauthor_byline_p{color:#595959}.last_updated_highlighted{font-weight:bold}#coauthor_byline_p{padding-top:.1em}.coauthor_link{font-weight:bold}.coauthor_pipe{padding:0 .15em}.coauthor_checkstar{padding-right:1.2em;background:right center / .9em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='14' height='14' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M13.499 7.249c.031-.506-.475-.98-1.234-1.265.633-.538.917-1.17.728-1.645-.19-.443-.823-.664-1.582-.6.285-.728.285-1.36-.063-1.708-.38-.348-1.043-.253-1.707.126C9.609 1.367 9.324.766 8.85.64c-.506-.158-1.075.253-1.55.949C6.92.86 6.383.418 5.877.513c-.506.095-.853.664-.948 1.454-.633-.474-1.297-.6-1.708-.316-.443.285-.506.917-.285 1.645-.759-.127-1.391 0-1.644.442-.253.443 0 1.076.538 1.676C1.039 5.636.5 6.047.5 6.553c-.031.506.475 1.012 1.234 1.265-.601.569-.917 1.201-.696 1.676.19.474.822.664 1.581.6-.284.728-.284 1.36.063 1.708.38.316 1.044.253 1.708-.126.032.79.316 1.36.79 1.518.507.158 1.076-.253 1.55-.949.38.727.917 1.17 1.423 1.075.506-.095.854-.664.949-1.454.632.474 1.296.6 1.708.316.41-.285.474-.949.253-1.676.759.126 1.391 0 1.644-.443.253-.443 0-1.075-.538-1.676.791-.221 1.329-.633 1.329-1.138Z' fill='%2355AAE4'/%3E%3Cpath d='m10.052 5.699-3.51 3.51a.2.2 0 0 1-.285 0L3.948 7.343c-.19-.19-.19-.284 0-.474l.633-.632c.253-.253.316-.19.506 0l1.138.885c.063.063.19.063.253-.032L8.976 4.53c.19-.19.285-.221.475 0l.632.632c.19.253.222.285-.031.538Z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.coauthor_avatar_badge.staff_badge{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%0A%3Csvg width='12' height='12' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='6' cy='6' r='6' fill='%239CB77C'/%3E%3Cpath d='M.555 4.589h1.808v.66h-.075c-.087 0-.143.009-.168.027a.108.108 0 0 0-.048.092c0 .034.01.083.031.147l.479 1.477.413-1.152-.11-.325a.43.43 0 0 0-.119-.202.337.337 0 0 0-.205-.064v-.66h1.72v.66h-.14c-.078 0-.132.01-.162.034a.117.117 0 0 0-.044.099c0 .04.014.1.041.178l.414 1.227.417-1.227a.619.619 0 0 0 .04-.182.104.104 0 0 0-.05-.095c-.033-.023-.1-.034-.206-.034h-.078v-.66h1.534v.66a.708.708 0 0 0-.215.02.225.225 0 0 0-.089.065.96.96 0 0 0-.106.226L4.717 8h-.905l-.51-1.377L2.784 8h-.912l-.9-2.44a.767.767 0 0 0-.116-.216.193.193 0 0 0-.088-.075.822.822 0 0 0-.212-.02v-.66Z' fill='%231D221D'/%3E%3Cpath d='M5.75 3.232h2.327v.66h-.215c-.119 0-.2.012-.243.037a.194.194 0 0 0-.092.103.923.923 0 0 0-.027.287v.83h1.736v-.892a.785.785 0 0 0-.02-.222.18.18 0 0 0-.093-.113c-.043-.02-.139-.03-.287-.03h-.181v-.66h2.334v.66h-.195c-.132 0-.22.011-.263.034a.18.18 0 0 0-.092.095c-.016.042-.024.14-.024.298v2.584c0 .16.01.263.03.31a.21.21 0 0 0 .1.1c.046.018.148.027.307.027h.137V8H8.655v-.66h.154c.143 0 .24-.011.29-.034a.19.19 0 0 0 .106-.099c.02-.043.03-.145.03-.304V5.895H7.5v1.008c0 .16.006.258.02.297a.186.186 0 0 0 .106.113.981.981 0 0 0 .29.027h.161V8H5.75v-.66h.157a.774.774 0 0 0 .277-.034.192.192 0 0 0 .106-.096c.02-.04.03-.13.03-.27V4.35c0-.162-.01-.267-.03-.315a.196.196 0 0 0-.09-.11.558.558 0 0 0-.239-.033H5.75v-.66Z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:19px}.coauthor_avatar_badge.no_badge{background-image:none}.coauthor_avatar_badge{height:19px;width:19px;position:absolute;margin:37px 0 0 37px;z-index:1; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='14' height='14' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M13.499 7.249c.031-.506-.475-.98-1.234-1.265.633-.538.917-1.17.728-1.645-.19-.443-.823-.664-1.582-.6.285-.728.285-1.36-.063-1.708-.38-.348-1.043-.253-1.707.126C9.609 1.367 9.324.766 8.85.64c-.506-.158-1.075.253-1.55.949C6.92.86 6.383.418 5.877.513c-.506.095-.853.664-.948 1.454-.633-.474-1.297-.6-1.708-.316-.443.285-.506.917-.285 1.645-.759-.127-1.391 0-1.644.442-.253.443 0 1.076.538 1.676C1.039 5.636.5 6.047.5 6.553c-.031.506.475 1.012 1.234 1.265-.601.569-.917 1.201-.696 1.676.19.474.822.664 1.581.6-.284.728-.284 1.36.063 1.708.38.316 1.044.253 1.708-.126.032.79.316 1.36.79 1.518.507.158 1.076-.253 1.55-.949.38.727.917 1.17 1.423 1.075.506-.095.854-.664.949-1.454.632.474 1.296.6 1.708.316.41-.285.474-.949.253-1.676.759.126 1.391 0 1.644-.443.253-.443 0-1.075-.538-1.676.791-.221 1.329-.633 1.329-1.138Z' fill='%2355AAE4'/%3E%3Cpath d='m10.052 5.699-3.51 3.51a.2.2 0 0 1-.285 0L3.948 7.343c-.19-.19-.19-.284 0-.474l.633-.632c.253-.253.316-.19.506 0l1.138.885c.063.063.19.063.253-.032L8.976 4.53c.19-.19.285-.221.475 0l.632.632c.19.253.222.285-.031.538Z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:cover}.coauthor_circle_i{padding-left:1.2em;background:left 1px / .9em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 100 100' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cg fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Ccircle fill='%23307530' cx='50' cy='50' r='50'/%3E%3Crect fill='%23FFF' x='42' y='39' width='16' height='42' rx='4'/%3E%3Ccircle fill='%23FFF' cx='50' cy='26' r='9'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#coauthor_image{float:left;margin:3px 10px 0 0;border-radius:16%;width:50px;height:50px;max-width:50px;overflow:hidden}.article_byline .sp_star_section_upper{margin-bottom:-4px;min-width:115px}.byline_extra{white-space:nowrap}.byline_references{background:left center no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 9.12 11.86'%3E%3Cg opacity='.8'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23595959' d='M8.66,2.74H1.82a.92.92,0,0,1,0-1.83H8.66A.46.46,0,0,0,9.12.46.46.46,0,0,0,8.66,0H1.82A1.83,1.83,0,0,0,0,1.82V10a1.84,1.84,0,0,0,1.82,1.83H8.66a.47.47,0,0,0,.46-.46h0V3.19a.46.46,0,0,0-.46-.45Zm-6.84,8.2A.91.91,0,0,1,.91,10V3.39a1.74,1.74,0,0,0,.91.26H8.21V11Zm7.3-9.12a.45.45,0,0,1-.45.46H1.82a.46.46,0,0,1,0-.91H8.66a.46.46,0,0,1,.46.45Z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");padding-left:1.2em}#coauthor_byline .byline_info_link{margin-right:.5em;color:#595959}#coauthor_byline .eat_tag{margin-right:.5em;color:#595959}.success_stories{padding-right:.3em}.ss_pipe{color:#e9e7e3}.byline_success{white-space:nowrap;background:left center / 1em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16.276 15.081'%3E%3Cg transform='translate(-44.1 -201.134)'%3E%3Cpath d='M57.213 209.537v6.107a.572.572 0 01-.571.571h-8.858a.572.572 0 01-.571-.571v-6.107a.572.572 0 01.571-.571.585.585 0 01.14.023.508.508 0 01.315.2.6.6 0 01.117.35v3.508h6.119a.571.571 0 110 1.142h-6.12v.886h7.716v-5.536a.571.571 0 011.142 0z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M52.213 201.134l-.606 1.224a2.5 2.5 0 00-1.876 2.471.541.541 0 01-.07.268.563.563 0 01-.769.233 2.322 2.322 0 00-1.177-.291H47.7a2.5 2.5 0 00-2.459 2.552 2.538 2.538 0 001.97 2.517l.711-1.119a.508.508 0 01.315.2l-1.026 2.075a3.708 3.708 0 01.5-7.366 4.032 4.032 0 01.979.128 3.617 3.617 0 013.523-2.892z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M52.259 201.134l.606 1.224a2.5 2.5 0 011.876 2.471.541.541 0 00.07.268.563.563 0 00.769.233 2.322 2.322 0 011.177-.291h.012a2.5 2.5 0 012.459 2.552 2.538 2.538 0 01-1.97 2.517l-.711-1.119a.509.509 0 00-.315.2l1.026 2.075a3.708 3.708 0 00-.5-7.366 4.032 4.032 0 00-.979.128 3.617 3.617 0 00-3.52-2.892z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M48.146 205.709a2.253 2.253 0 00-2.209 2.274.564.564 0 001.126 0 1.091 1.091 0 011.069-1.113h.014a.581.581 0 000-1.161z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M51.064 202.568a2.763 2.763 0 012.347 0l-1.042-1.434H52.1z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");padding-left:1.2em}#coauthor_byline .eat_tag{font-weight:600;padding-left:1.3em;background:left center / 1em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 7.154 7.154'%3E%3Cg transform='translate(-58.981 -26.634)' opacity='.8'%3E%3Cpath d='M64.456 29.509l-2.2 2.2a.125.125 0 01-.177 0l-1.446-1.169c-.119-.119-.119-.179 0-.3l.4-.4c.158-.159.2-.119.317 0l.713.554a.105.105 0 00.148-.006l.01-.013 1.565-1.6c.119-.119.178-.137.3 0l.4.4c.108.156.128.175-.03.334z' fill='%23595959'/%3E%3Crect width='6.554' height='6.554' rx='1.689' transform='translate(59.281 26.934)' fill='none' stroke='%23595959' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='.6'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.eat_tag:hover{text-decoration:none}.sp_expert_text{line-height:52px;text-align:left;margin-left:65px}.sp_expert_text > div{line-height:normal;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 auto;color:#222}.sp_expert_name,.sp_expert_team{font-size:16px;font-weight:bold}.sp_expert_blurb{font-weight:normal}.sp_coauthor_label{font-size:.85em;font-weight:bold;color:#545454}.ar_avatar{width:50px;height:50px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;border-radius:16%;margin-top:2px;box-sizing:border-box}.expert_initials{background:#97ba78;color:#475346;text-align:center;font-size:22px;font-weight:bold;line-height:50px}.sp_top_icon_bg{margin:0;position:absolute;width:50px;height:50px;background-color:#ADC996;border-radius:16%}.sp_top_icon_bg_div{background-repeat:no-repeat}#trust_banner{width:100%;position:relative;z-index:1;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:#e4ecdc;padding:.5em 15px;font-size:12px;line-height:1em;top:40px}#trust_banner > div{max-width:728px;margin:0 auto}#trust_banner a{color:#417505;padding-left:1.5em;font-weight:normal; background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_expert_icon_white.svg) left center / 1.1em no-repeat}#trust_banner span{display:none}.sp_star_section_upper{display:inline-block}.sp_star_container{position:relative;width:21px;height:20px;float:left;border-right:2px solid transparent;background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_helpful_icon_star_empty.optimized.svg) 0 0 / cover no-repeat}.sp_helpful_icon_star{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_helpful_icon_star.optimized.svg) 0 0 / cover no-repeat}.pretty_star,.sp_helpful_box .recipe_star{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 26.028 24.652'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2393B874' d='M13.014 0l4.022 8.115 8.992 1.301-6.507 6.316 1.536 8.919-8.043-4.211-8.043 4.211 1.536-8.919L0 9.416l8.992-1.301L13.014 0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.recipe_star{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 26.028 24.652'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fecf4f' d='M13.014 0l4.022 8.115 8.992 1.301-6.507 6.316 1.536 8.919-8.043-4.211-8.043 4.211 1.536-8.919L0 9.416l8.992-1.301L13.014 0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")} @media only screen and (min-width:500px) and (min-aspect-ratio:13/9){.content .sticking .edit-page{margin-right:50px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.mwimg{border-bottom:none}.related-article{width:48%;margin-right:2%}}.skin-minervawh .content .section-heading{margin-bottom:0;border:none}.content ol{list-style:decimal inside}.content .in-block.steps_text{display:block}.mw-mf-cleanup{display:block;padding:10px 15px 10px 44px;background:url(/extensions/wikihow/MobileFrontendWikihow/images/wikihow/icon-notification.svg) 10px center / 24px no-repeat;margin-bottom:4px}.overlay-issues .cleanup > li .issue-notice{padding-top:50px} #sidebar #jpt_sidebox{padding:0;background-color:#f6f5f4}#footer_ccpa,#footer_ccpa_optout{display:none}.reference.trusted{background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_expert_icon_white.svg) no-repeat right 2px/12px;padding-right:14px;display:inline-block}.reference{position:relative} .bolded{font-weight:bold;font-size:14px}.steps_text.healthintro{margin-bottom:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.healtharticle{margin-bottom:25px}.healtharticle .altblock{background:#93b874 url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowhealth/icon_wikihow_health.svg) center / 32px no-repeat}a.pdf_link,a.offline_link{color:#545454;border-radius:4px}a.offline_link{color:white}.small_pdf_link,.small_offline_link{display:inline-flex;font-size:12px;margin:-5px 0 10px;padding:.35em;border:1px solid #e7e7e7;background-color:#f6f6f6}.small_offline_link{border:none;background-color:#93b874;padding:5px 7px}.hide_pdf_button{display:none}.pdf_link > img,.offline_link > img{width:15px;margin-right:5px}.large_pdf_link,.large_offline_link{display:none}.pdf_link.pdf_link_hidden,.offline_link.pdf_link_hidden{display:none !important}a.pdf_link.disabled,a.offline_link.disabled{pointer-events:none;opacity:.2}a.pdf_link:hover,a.pdf_link:active,a.offline_link:hover,a.offline_link:active{text-decoration:none}.pdf_pro_div{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;color:#FFF;background:#FFCF5A;border-radius:2px;margin-left:.75em;padding:0 .5em;height:16px;line-height:17px}.pdf_pro_div{background:#93b874}.offline_link{display:none}.list_method .method_label,.list_method .step_num{display:none}.list_method .step,.list_method li,.list_method .section_text{font-size:18px;line-height:26px}.list_method #mf-section-0 p{font-size:18px;line-height:26px} #sd_container{border:none}#sd_container{padding:15px;background-color:#FFF;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch}.sd_content{width:125px;margin:auto}.sd_thumb{position:relative;text-align:center;width:100%;max-width:200px;margin:6px}.sd_thumb img{border:1px solid #BBB;width:100%;height:auto} .qa_user_hover{display:none} .qa_answers{position:relative}.qa_obscured_prompt{display:block;position:absolute;left:0;top:3.75em;right:0;bottom:0;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);z-index:2}.qa_unlocked .qa_obscured_prompt{display:none}.sd_obscured_link{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;cursor:pointer}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay{position:absolute;background-color:#F7FAF5;box-shadow:1px 1px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.41);border-radius:5px;padding:10px 15px;z-index:1;box-sizing:border-box;display:table}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay{left:1em;top:0.5em;text-shadow:none;color:initial;min-height:72px;max-width:85%}.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay{font-size:smaller}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay:hover,.sd_obscured_link:hover .sd_obscured_thumb_overlay{background-color:#F2F6EB}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay a,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay a{font-weight:bold}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay a:hover,.sd_obscured_link:hover .sd_obscured_thumb_overlay a{text-decoration:none}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay_img,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay_img{position:absolute;border:none !important}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay_img{width:37px !important}.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay_img{width:24px !important}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay p,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0 0 52px;margin:0}#sd_container .sd_thumb .sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p{line-height:18px}.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p{padding:0 0 0 32px}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay p strong,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p strong{color:#307530}.qa_answer.qa_obscured_answer{margin:1em 0 0 0;color:transparent;text-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.5)}.sd_obscured_prompt{padding-top:25%}.qa_obscured_cta{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;font-size:0.7em;font-weight:normal;text-align:right;background-color:#FDF5D1;padding:13px;border-top-right-radius:4px;max-width:62%}.qa_obscured_cta_pitch{display:block;font-weight:bold}.qa_obscured_cta_link{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold}@media only screen and (max-width:727px){.qa_obscured_cta{display:none}}#eu_cp_save{display:none}.menuitem.top_cat{padding-left:25px;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}#promopair_container{display:none}#housebottom_ad{display:none}.house-promo{display:none}#left_sidebox{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:727px){.sample_initial_location{display:none}}#footer_links li{word-break:break-word}.cat_grid_filter{display:none}.ccpa_footer_extra{display:none}.maticons_for_googlefc{font-family:"Material Icons";font-size:0}.opensans_for_googlefc{font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:0}#debug_hover{height:280px;width:100%;position:fixed;left:0;bottom:0}#debug_hover ul{display:inline-block;background:white}#summary_text{display:none}.s-help-wrap{display:none}.section_text .collapse_link{width:100%;display:block;color:#545454}.section.aidata{margin-top:0px}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.aidata{margin-top:-12px}}.collapse_link.open{margin-bottom:5px;background-image:none}.image_details{display:none}.related-wh{position:relative;margin-bottom:0}.related-wh-title{bottom:6px}.m-video-intro-over{position:absolute;top:0;z-index:3;width:100%;visibility:hidden;background:rgba(0,0,0,.3);height:100%}.section.summary_with_video h2{background-color:#F0F4EB;color:#fff;border-bottom:0}.summary_with_video h2 span.mw-headline{color:#222}.m-video-play-count-triangle{width:0;height:0;border-top:11px solid rgba(145,182,115,1);border-bottom:11px solid rgba(145,182,115,1);border-left:20px solid #fff;display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:19px;left:20px;background-image:none}.m-video-intro-over .m-video-play{border:none;width:74px;height:60px;padding-left:47px;line-height:60px;color:#fff;font-size:18px;top:0;bottom:0;font-weight:bold;margin:auto;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;text-align:left;cursor:default;user-select:none}.m-video-intro-over .m-video-play-text{background-color:#91b673;border-radius:10px;padding-right:21px;padding-left:47px;margin-left:-47px;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap}.m-video::-webkit-media-controls-overlay-play-button{display:none}.m-video-controls{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.summary_with_video h2{background-color:#FFF;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}}.content .portrait .m-video{aspect-ratio:9/16;max-width:430px}.content .portrait .m-video-controls{margin:0 auto;max-width:430px}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.quicksummary.vertical_video{margin-top:0}}.m-video-intro-text:nth-child(1){font-size:2em}.m-video-intro-text.m-video-intro-text-long{font-size:1.5em}.m-video-intro-text.m-video-intro-text-very-long{font-size:1em}#m-video-intro-time-v2{bottom:-11px;font-size:1.2em;height:48px;width:43px;line-height:2.65em}.video .mw-headline{display:inline}.header .search{display:table-cell}.header .search .cse_q{width:25px;height:25px;padding-right:25px}.header .search .cse_q:focus{position:absolute;left:5px;top:5px;right:5px;width:auto}.header .search .cse_sa{background-color:transparent;background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/gray_mag.png); background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/gray_mag.svg);background-size:25px 25px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center center;width:25px;height:25px;border:none;margin:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;right:10px}#mw-mf-viewport{background-color:#E9E7E3}#mw-mf-viewport.menuopen{overflow:auto}#sidebar{display:none}.section.bss_share_container{margin-top:0;text-align:center}.bss_share_container > div{background:#F6F6F6;width:100%;max-width:300px;margin:auto}.bss_share_title.section-heading{border:0;background:none}.bss_share_container .section_text{padding-top:0px;background:none}.bss_share_button.button.secondary{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold;color:#97ba78;border:1px #97ba78 solid;background-color:#fff;margin-right:0}#mw-mf-page-left{position:fixed;height:auto;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;min-width:275px;visibility:hidden;z-index:4;overflow-y:auto;-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,0);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,0);transform:translate(-100%,0);-webkit-transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out,visibility 250ms ease-in-out,transform 250ms ease-in-out;transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out,visibility 250ms ease-in-out,transform 250ms ease-in-out}#mw-mf-page-left ul li a{font-size:0.9em}#mw-mf-page-left.menu_opened{visibility:visible;box-shadow:1px 0 8px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 35%);-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}#mw-mf-page-left .icon-user{position:relative;font-weight:bold}#mw-mf-page-left .icon-user .icon-secondary{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1}.header.love_button #mw-mf-main-menu-button{width:50px}.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs_query{width:60px}.love_button #hs.hs_active,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:100%}#wikilove_button.button{display:block;background:#FABC3B;color:#FFF;font-size:.8em;font-weight:bold;padding:.25em .5em;margin:0;border-radius:7px;border:none}.mobile_tab.compquiz{margin-left:0}.mobile_tab.compquiz a{padding-right:1.9em;background:right 0 bottom 57% / 18px no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xml:space='preserve' width='747' height='770' overflow='hidden'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath id='a'%3E%3Cpath d='M3272 64h747v770h-747z'/%3E%3C/clipPath%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cg clip-path='url(%23a)' transform='translate(-3272 -64)'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3283.5 119.487c0-22.637 18.35-40.987 40.99-40.987h641.02c22.64 0 40.99 18.35 40.99 40.987v660.026c0 22.637-18.35 40.987-40.99 40.987h-641.02c-22.64 0-40.99-18.35-40.99-40.987Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3522.5 254.5c0-67.379 54.62-122 122-122s122 54.621 122 122c0 67.379-54.62 122-122 122s-122-54.621-122-122Zm-171 203.5c0-22.92 18.58-41.5 41.5-41.5s41.5 18.58 41.5 41.5-18.58 41.5-41.5 41.5-41.5-18.58-41.5-41.5Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23A3A3A3' fill-rule='evenodd' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3351.5 594c0-22.92 18.58-41.5 41.5-41.5s41.5 18.58 41.5 41.5-18.58 41.5-41.5 41.5-41.5-18.58-41.5-41.5Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3351.5 730.5c0-23.196 18.58-42 41.5-42s41.5 18.804 41.5 42-18.58 42-41.5 42-41.5-18.804-41.5-42Z'/%3E%3Ctext fill='%23A3A3A3' font-family='Arial,Arial_MSFontService,sans-serif' font-size='183' font-weight='700' transform='translate(3587.37 318)'%3E%3F%3C/text%3E%3Cpath fill='%23A3A3A3' fill-rule='evenodd' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='4.583' d='M3473.5 440.334a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83-8.834h243.34c4.87 0 8.83 3.955 8.83 8.834v35.332c0 4.879-3.96 8.834-8.83 8.834h-243.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83-8.834Zm0 136a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83-8.834h441.34c4.87 0 8.83 3.955 8.83 8.834v35.332c0 4.879-3.96 8.834-8.83 8.834h-441.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83-8.834Zm0 136a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83-8.834h325.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83 8.834v35.333a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83 8.833h-325.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83-8.833Z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mobile_tab.readervoices{margin-left:0}.mobile_tab.readervoices a{padding-right:1.9em;background:right 0 bottom 57% / 18px no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='307' height='307' fill='none'%3E%3Cmask id='a' width='257' height='257' x='25' y='25' maskUnits='userSpaceOnUse' style='mask-type:alpha'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fff' d='M89.542 230.25c-3.625 0-6.665-1.228-9.12-3.684-2.457-2.456-3.68-5.492-3.672-9.108v-25.583h166.292V76.75h25.583c3.624 0 6.664 1.228 9.12 3.684 2.456 2.456 3.68 5.492 3.672 9.108v191.875L230.25 230.25H89.542Zm-63.959-12.792V38.375c0-3.624 1.228-6.665 3.684-9.12 2.456-2.456 5.492-3.68 9.108-3.672h166.292c3.624 0 6.664 1.228 9.12 3.684 2.456 2.456 3.68 5.492 3.671 9.108V153.5c0 3.624-1.228 6.664-3.684 9.12-2.456 2.456-5.492 3.68-9.107 3.672H76.75l-51.167 51.166Z'/%3E%3C/mask%3E%3Cg fill='%23F4B642' mask='url(%23a)'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h228.745v182.093H0z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M0 153.5h75.245v81.265H0zM224.23 72.235H307v209.181h-82.77z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M66.216 185.103H307v60.196H66.216z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}@media only screen and (min-width:600px){.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs.hs_active{width:72px}.love_button #hs_query,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:180px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.sp_num_votes{margin-top:2px}.section .bss_share_button.button.secondary{width:75%}.bss_share_container > div{background:none;max-width:none}.bss_share_title.section-heading,.bss_share_container .section_text{background-color:#FFF}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){#gdpr_text{max-width:72%}#gdpr{padding:5px 0 6px;max-height:70px}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{font-size:0.7em;max-width:45px}}@media only screen and (max-width:300px){#gdpr_text{font-size:0.8em;max-width:78%}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{margin-left:3px;padding:4px 8px 5px}}@media only screen and (min-width:450px){#gdpr_text{max-width:80%}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{margin-left:10px}}@media only screen and (min-width:600px){#gdpr{padding:13px 5px 14px}#gdpr_text{max-width:88%}.gdpr_button{margin-left:10px;padding:1px 6px}}@media only screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3){#gdpr{padding-bottom:15px}}.loader{position:absolute;display:block;height:10px;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);transform-origin:50% 50%;white-space:nowrap}.loader-dot{animation:loader-dots 1s infinite}.loader-dot{position:relative;display:inline-block;height:10px;width:10px;margin:2px;border-radius:100%;background-color:rgba(137,172,108,1);will-change:transform}.loader-dot:nth-child(1){animation-delay:0s}.loader-dot:nth-child(2){animation-delay:.3s}.loader-dot:nth-child(3){animation-delay:.5s}@keyframes loader-dots{0%,100%{transform:scale(1);background-color:rgba(137,172,108,1)}50%{transform:scale(.7);background-color:rgba(137,172,108,0.9)}}.related-filter{background-color:#FFF;color:#668051;border:1px solid #668051;padding:5px 15px;border-radius:20px;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:5px}.related-filter:first-of-type{margin-left:0}.related-filter:hover{text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer}.related-filter.active{background-color:#E6EEE0}@media print{#wikilove_button,#wikilove_button *{display:none !important}}</style> <script>window.activeAdTests = {"loadGAMForGoogleFC":0,"tcConsentUpdate":1,"tamGDPR":2,"quizAditudeINTL":3,"quizRefreshTimeLimit":4,"prebidGDPR":5,"rightrailMoreINTL":6,"aditude":7,"googlefcFontFix":8};window.allAdTests = {"apsSignals":0,"allGAMLargeIntro":1,"allGAMIntroIntl":2,"loadGAMForGoogleFC":3,"amazonShoppingNoLazyLoad":4,"amazonShopping":5,"userWithAdsTargeting":6,"tcConsentUpdate":7,"tamGDPR":8,"introAffiliate":9,"quizAffiliate":10,"quizGAM":11,"webvitalsINP":12,"webvitalsINPControl":13,"webvitalsINPWithMW":14,"webvitalsINPWithMWVersion1":15,"webvitalsINPWithMWVersion2":16,"webvitalsINPWithMWVersion3":17,"webvitalsINPWithMWVersion4":18,"webvitalsINPWithMWCSSOnly":19,"webvitalsINPWithCSSSelectorsOnly":20,"aditudeQuizEn":21,"quizAditudeINTL":22,"prebidVideoAds":23,"aditudeNoAdsense":24,"quizRefreshTimeLimit":25,"aditudeOtherPageTypes":26,"useINPAds":27,"smallAdSizeRequest":28,"rightrailRemoveAFS":29,"prebidGDPR":30,"tipsSubmitterName":31,"googlefcCCPA":32,"prebid8":33,"rightrailMoreINTL":34,"rightrailDoubleAds":35,"adsolutely":36,"freestar":37,"aditude":38,"googlefcFontFix":39,"pubmaticIndexHub":40,"viewportTestSmallSecond":41,"iab3":42,"amazonSignalsSiteKeywords":43};window.GAConfig = 'INP'</script> <script>WH.isINPTest = false;var $jscomp=$jscomp||{};$jscomp.scope={};$jscomp.ASSUME_ES5=!1;$jscomp.ASSUME_NO_NATIVE_MAP=!1;$jscomp.ASSUME_NO_NATIVE_SET=!1;$jscomp.defineProperty=$jscomp.ASSUME_ES5||"function"==typeof Object.defineProperties?Object.defineProperty:function(a,b,c){a!=Array.prototype&&a!=Object.prototype&&(a[b]=c.value)};$jscomp.getGlobal=function(a){return"undefined"!=typeof window&&window===a?a:"undefined"!=typeof global&&null!=global?global:a};$jscomp.global=$jscomp.getGlobal(this);$jscomp.SYMBOL_PREFIX="jscomp_symbol_";$jscomp.initSymbol=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol=function(){};$jscomp.global.Symbol||($jscomp.global.Symbol=$jscomp.Symbol)};$jscomp.Symbol=function(){var a=0;return function(b){return $jscomp.SYMBOL_PREFIX+(b||"")+a++}}();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol();var a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator;a||(a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator=$jscomp.global.Symbol("iterator"));"function"!=typeof Array.prototype[a]&&$jscomp.defineProperty(Array.prototype,a,{configurable:! 0,writable:!0,value:function(){return $jscomp.arrayIterator(this)}});$jscomp.initSymbolIterator=function(){}};$jscomp.initSymbolAsyncIterator=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol();var a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.asyncIterator;a||(a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.asyncIterator=$jscomp.global.Symbol("asyncIterator"));$jscomp.initSymbolAsyncIterator=function(){}};$jscomp.arrayIterator=function(a){var b=0;return $jscomp.iteratorPrototype(function(){return b<a.length?{done:!1,value:a[b++]}:{done:!0}})};$jscomp.iteratorPrototype=function(a){$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();a={next:a};a[$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator]=function(){return this};return a};$jscomp.makeIterator=function(a){$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();$jscomp.initSymbol();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();var b=a[Symbol.iterator];return b?b.call(a):$jscomp.arrayIterator(a)};$jscomp.polyfill=function(a,b,c,g){if(b){c=$jscomp.global;a=a.split(".");for(g=0;g<a.length-1;g++){var d=a[g];d in c||(c[d]={});c=c[d]}a=a[a.length-1];g=c[a];b=b(g);b!=g&&null!=b&&$jscomp. defineProperty(c,a,{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:b})}};$jscomp.FORCE_POLYFILL_PROMISE=!1;$jscomp.polyfill("Promise",function(a){function b(){this.batch_=null}function c(a){return a instanceof d?a:new d(function(b,h){b(a)})}if(a&&!$jscomp.FORCE_POLYFILL_PROMISE)return a;b.prototype.asyncExecute=function(a){null==this.batch_&&(this.batch_=[],this.asyncExecuteBatch_());this.batch_.push(a);return this};b.prototype.asyncExecuteBatch_=function(){var a=this;this.asyncExecuteFunction(function(){a.executeBatch_()})};var g=$jscomp.global.setTimeout;b.prototype.asyncExecuteFunction=function(a){g(a,0)};b.prototype.executeBatch_=function(){for(;this.batch_&&this.batch_.length;){var a=this.batch_;this.batch_=[];for(var b=0;b<a.length;++b){var d=a[b];a[b]=null;try{d()}catch(n){this.asyncThrow_(n)}}}this.batch_=null};b.prototype.asyncThrow_=function(a){this.asyncExecuteFunction(function(){throw a;})};var d=function(a){this.state_=0;this.result_=void 0;this.onSettledCallbacks_=[];var b=this. createResolveAndReject_();try{a(b.resolve,b.reject)}catch(x){b.reject(x)}};d.prototype.createResolveAndReject_=function(){function a(a){return function(h){d||(d=!0,a.call(b,h))}}var b=this,d=!1;return{resolve:a(this.resolveTo_),reject:a(this.reject_)}};d.prototype.resolveTo_=function(a){if(a===this)this.reject_(new TypeError("A Promise cannot resolve to itself"));else if(a instanceof d)this.settleSameAsPromise_(a);else{a:switch(typeof a){case"object":var b=null!=a;break a;case"function":b=!0;break a;default:b=!1}b?this.resolveToNonPromiseObj_(a):this.fulfill_(a)}};d.prototype.resolveToNonPromiseObj_=function(a){var b=void 0;try{b=a.then}catch(x){this.reject_(x);return}"function"==typeof b?this.settleSameAsThenable_(b,a):this.fulfill_(a)};d.prototype.reject_=function(a){this.settle_(2,a)};d.prototype.fulfill_=function(a){this.settle_(1,a)};d.prototype.settle_=function(a,b){if(0!=this.state_)throw Error("Cannot settle("+a+", "+b+"): Promise already settled in state"+this.state_);this. state_=a;this.result_=b;this.executeOnSettledCallbacks_()};d.prototype.executeOnSettledCallbacks_=function(){if(null!=this.onSettledCallbacks_){for(var a=0;a<this.onSettledCallbacks_.length;++a)l.asyncExecute(this.onSettledCallbacks_[a]);this.onSettledCallbacks_=null}};var l=new b;d.prototype.settleSameAsPromise_=function(a){var b=this.createResolveAndReject_();a.callWhenSettled_(b.resolve,b.reject)};d.prototype.settleSameAsThenable_=function(a,b){var d=this.createResolveAndReject_();try{a.call(b,d.resolve,d.reject)}catch(n){d.reject(n)}};d.prototype.then=function(a,b){function c(a,b){return"function"==typeof a?function(b){try{g(a(b))}catch(D){h(D)}}:b}var g,h,w=new d(function(a,b){g=a;h=b});this.callWhenSettled_(c(a,g),c(b,h));return w};d.prototype.catch=function(a){return this.then(void 0,a)};d.prototype.callWhenSettled_=function(a,b){function d(){switch(c.state_){case 1:a(c.result_);break;case 2:b(c.result_);break;default:throw Error("Unexpected state: "+c.state_);}}var c=this;null ==this.onSettledCallbacks_?l.asyncExecute(d):this.onSettledCallbacks_.push(d)};d.resolve=c;d.reject=function(a){return new d(function(b,d){d(a)})};d.race=function(a){return new d(function(b,d){for(var g=$jscomp.makeIterator(a),h=g.next();!h.done;h=g.next())c(h.value).callWhenSettled_(b,d)})};d.all=function(a){var b=$jscomp.makeIterator(a),g=b.next();return g.done?c([]):new d(function(a,d){function h(b){return function(d){l[b]=d;n--;0==n&&a(l)}}var l=[],n=0;do l.push(void 0),n++,c(g.value).callWhenSettled_(h(l.length-1),d),g=b.next();while(!g.done)})};return d},"es6","es3");$jscomp.underscoreProtoCanBeSet=function(){var a={a:!0},b={};try{return b.__proto__=a,b.a}catch(c){}return!1};$jscomp.setPrototypeOf="function"==typeof Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf:$jscomp.underscoreProtoCanBeSet()?function(a,b){a.__proto__=b;if(a.__proto__!==b)throw new TypeError(a+" is not extensible");return a}:null;$jscomp.generator={};$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_=function(a){if( !(a instanceof Object))throw new TypeError("Iterator result "+a+" is not an object");};$jscomp.generator.Context=function(){this.isRunning_=!1;this.yieldAllIterator_=null;this.yieldResult=void 0;this.nextAddress=1;this.finallyAddress_=this.catchAddress_=0;this.finallyContexts_=this.abruptCompletion_=null};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.start_=function(){if(this.isRunning_)throw new TypeError("Generator is already running");this.isRunning_=!0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.stop_=function(){this.isRunning_=!1};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpToErrorHandler_=function(){this.nextAddress=this.catchAddress_||this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.next_=function(a){this.yieldResult=a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.throw_=function(a){this.abruptCompletion_={exception:a,isException:!0};this.jumpToErrorHandler_()};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.return=function(a){this.abruptCompletion_={return:a};this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp. generator.Context.prototype.jumpThroughFinallyBlocks=function(a){this.abruptCompletion_={jumpTo:a};this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.yield=function(a,b){this.nextAddress=b;return{value:a}};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.yieldAll=function(a,b){a=$jscomp.makeIterator(a);var c=a.next();$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_(c);if(c.done)this.yieldResult=c.value,this.nextAddress=b;else return this.yieldAllIterator_=a,this.yield(c.value,b)};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpTo=function(a){this.nextAddress=a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpToEnd=function(){this.nextAddress=0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.setCatchFinallyBlocks=function(a,b){this.catchAddress_=a;void 0!=b&&(this.finallyAddress_=b)};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.setFinallyBlock=function(a){this.catchAddress_=0;this.finallyAddress_=a||0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.leaveTryBlock=function(a,b){this.nextAddress=a;this.catchAddress_=b||0}; $jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.enterCatchBlock=function(a){this.catchAddress_=a||0;a=this.abruptCompletion_.exception;this.abruptCompletion_=null;return a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.enterFinallyBlock=function(a,b,c){c?this.finallyContexts_[c]=this.abruptCompletion_:this.finallyContexts_=[this.abruptCompletion_];this.catchAddress_=a||0;this.finallyAddress_=b||0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.leaveFinallyBlock=function(a,b){b=this.finallyContexts_.splice(b||0)[0];if(b=this.abruptCompletion_=this.abruptCompletion_||b){if(b.isException)return this.jumpToErrorHandler_();void 0!=b.jumpTo&&this.finallyAddress_<b.jumpTo?(this.nextAddress=b.jumpTo,this.abruptCompletion_=null):this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_}else this.nextAddress=a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.forIn=function(a){return new $jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator(a)};$jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator=function(a){this.object_=a;this.properties_=[];for(var b in a)this.properties_.push(b );this.properties_.reverse()};$jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator.prototype.getNext=function(){for(;0<this.properties_.length;){var a=this.properties_.pop();if(a in this.object_)return a}return null};$jscomp.generator.Engine_=function(a){this.context_=new $jscomp.generator.Context;this.program_=a};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.next_=function(a){this.context_.start_();if(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_)return this.yieldAllStep_(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_.next,a,this.context_.next_);this.context_.next_(a);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.return_=function(a){this.context_.start_();var b=this.context_.yieldAllIterator_;if(b)return this.yieldAllStep_("return"in b?b["return"]:function(a){return{value:a,done:!0}},a,this.context_.return);this.context_.return(a);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.throw_=function(a){this.context_.start_();if(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_)return this.yieldAllStep_(this.context_. yieldAllIterator_["throw"],a,this.context_.next_);this.context_.throw_(a);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.yieldAllStep_=function(a,b,c){try{var g=a.call(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_,b);$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_(g);if(!g.done)return this.context_.stop_(),g;var d=g.value}catch(l){return this.context_.yieldAllIterator_=null,this.context_.throw_(l),this.nextStep_()}this.context_.yieldAllIterator_=null;c.call(this.context_,d);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.nextStep_=function(){for(;this.context_.nextAddress;)try{var a=this.program_(this.context_);if(a)return this.context_.stop_(),{value:a.value,done:!1}}catch(b){this.context_.yieldResult=void 0,this.context_.throw_(b)}this.context_.stop_();if(this.context_.abruptCompletion_){a=this.context_.abruptCompletion_;this.context_.abruptCompletion_=null;if(a.isException)throw a.exception;return{value:a.return,done:!0}}return{value:void 0,done:!0}};$jscomp.generator. Generator_=function(a){this.next=function(b){return a.next_(b)};this.throw=function(b){return a.throw_(b)};this.return=function(b){return a.return_(b)};$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();$jscomp.initSymbol();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();this[Symbol.iterator]=function(){return this}};$jscomp.generator.createGenerator=function(a,b){b=new $jscomp.generator.Generator_(new $jscomp.generator.Engine_(b));$jscomp.setPrototypeOf&&$jscomp.setPrototypeOf(b,a.prototype);return b};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator=function(a){function b(b){return a.next(b)}function c(b){return a.throw(b)}return new Promise(function(g,d){function l(a){a.done?g(a.value):Promise.resolve(a.value).then(b,c).then(l,d)}l(a.next())})};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorFunction=function(a){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator(a())};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram=function(a){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator(new $jscomp.generator.Generator_(new $jscomp.generator.Engine_(a)))};$jscomp.polyfill( "Number.isFinite",function(a){return a?a:function(a){return"number"!==typeof a?!1:!isNaN(a)&&Infinity!==a&&-Infinity!==a}},"es6","es3");$jscomp.polyfill("Number.isInteger",function(a){return a?a:function(a){return Number.isFinite(a)?a===Math.floor(a):!1}},"es6","es3");WH.mediumScreenMinWidth=728;WH.largeScreenMinWidth=975;addEventListener("pointerdown",function(a){console.debug("pointer down target",a.target)});addEventListener("pointerup",function(a){console.debug("pointer up target",a.target)});WH.shared=function(){function a(a){null==E&&(E=new IntersectionObserver(function(a,e){a.forEach(function(a){a.isIntersecting&&(p[a.target.id].load(),E.unobserve(a.target))})},{rootMargin:L}));E.observe(a)}function b(a){null==F&&(F=new IntersectionObserver(function(a,e){a.forEach(function(a){if(a.isIntersecting){var e=a.target;if(1!=e.complete){var b=document.createElement("div");b.className="loader";for(var k=0;3>k;k++){var f=document.createElement("div");f.className="loader-dot";b.appendChild (f)}k=document.createElement("div");k.className="loading-container";k.appendChild(b);e.parentElement.insertAdjacentElement("afterbegin",k)}F.unobserve(a.target)}})},{rootMargin:"0px 0px 0px 0px"}));F.observe(a)}function c(a){H.push(a)}function g(a,b){var e=null,k=0,d=function(){k=0;e=null;a.apply()};return function(){var f=W(),q=b-(f-k);0>=q||q>b?(e&&(clearTimeout(e),e=null),k=f,a.apply()):e||(e=setTimeout(d,q))}}function d(){var a=!1,b=window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight,q;for(q in p){var f=p[q];if(!f.isLoaded){a=f;console.log("deprecated: getBoundingRect should be moved to its own js file");var d=a.element.getBoundingClientRect(),c={top:d.top,bottom:d.bottom};0==a.lastTop-d.top&&window.scrollY!=a.lastY&&(c.top-=window.scrollY,c.bottom-=window.scrollY);a.lastTop=d.top;a.lastY=window.scrollY;a=c;d=b;c=52;var g=2*d;c-=g;d+=g;(0==a.top&&0==a.bottom?0:a.top>=c&&a.top<=d||a.bottom>=c&&a.bottom<=d||a.top<=c&&a.bottom>=d)&&f.load();a=!0}}!a&&p.length&&(window. removeEventListener("scroll",A),A=null)}function l(a){if(a&&a.element){var e=!0;a.element.className||(e=!1);-1==a.element.className.indexOf("content-fill")&&(e=!1);!m("webvitalsINP")&&!m("webvitalsINPWithCSSSelectorsOnly")||m("webvitalsINPWithMWVersion1")||(e=!1);e&&document.addEventListener&&a.finishedLoadingEvent?(a.loaderRemoved=!1,a.element.addEventListener(a.finishedLoadingEvent,function(){a.loadedCallback&&a.loadedCallback();if(0==a.loaderRemoved){a.loaderRemoved=!0;"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide");var e=this.parentElement;if(e){e=e.getElementsByClassName("loading-container");for(var b=0;b<e.length;b++)e[b].remove()}}a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt,"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-alt"))}),a.errorEvent&&a.element.addEventListener(a.errorEvent,function(){a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt)})):(a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt),"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList. remove("img-loading-hide"))}}function h(a){if(a&&a.element){var b=!0;a.element.className||(b=!1);-1==a.element.className.indexOf("content-fill")&&(b=!1);!m("webvitalsINP")&&!m("webvitalsINPWithCSSSelectorsOnly")||m("webvitalsINPWithMWVersion1")||(b=!1);if(b&&document.addEventListener&&a.finishedLoadingEvent){a.loaderRemoved=!1;b=document.createElement("div");b.className="loader";for(var e=0;3>e;e++){var d=document.createElement("div");d.className="loader-dot";b.appendChild(d)}var c=document.createElement("div");c.className="loading-container";c.appendChild(b);a.element.parentElement.insertAdjacentElement("afterbegin",c);a.element.addEventListener(a.finishedLoadingEvent,function(){a.loadedCallback&&a.loadedCallback();0==a.loaderRemoved&&(this.parentElement.removeChild(c),a.loaderRemoved=!0,"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide"));a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt,"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove( "img-loading-alt"))});a.errorEvent&&a.element.addEventListener(a.errorEvent,function(){a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt)})}else a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt),"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide")}}function w(a){if(!a)return"";if(!r)return a;var b=a.split(".").pop();"jpg"!==b&&"png"!==b||!a.match(/images(_[a-z]{2})?\/thumb\//)||a.match(/(\.[a-zA-Z]+){2}$/)||(a+=".webp");return a}function x(a){this.isLoaded=!1;B=this.element=a;window.addEventListener("pageshow",function(a){a.persisted&&(a=document.getElementById("replacement"))&&B&&a.replaceWith(B)});window.addEventListener("pagehide",function(a){a.persisted&&B&&(B.outerHTML='<div id="replacement"></div>')});u||(this.lastY=window.scrollY,this.lastTop=a.getBoundingClientRect().top);this.src=a.getAttribute("data-src");this.load=function(){this.element.setAttribute("src",this.src);this.isLoaded=!0;this.finishedLoadingEvent="loadeddata";h(this)}}function n(a){this.isLoaded=!1;this.element=a;u||v|| (this.lastTop=a.getBoundingClientRect().top,this.lastY=window.scrollY);this.alt=a.alt;a.alt="";this.finishedLoadingEvent="load";this.errorEvent="error";if(t){var e=a.getAttribute("data-srclarge");null!=e&&(this.src=e)}this.src||(this.src=a.getAttribute("data-src"));1!=a.getAttribute("data-nowebp")&&(this.src=w(this.src));a&&void 0!==a.classList&&a.classList.add("img-loading-hide");this.load=function(){this.element.setAttribute("src",this.src);this.isLoaded=!0;"IMG"==this.element.tagName&&this.element.classList.contains("content-fill")?(l(this),b(this.element)):h(this)}}function T(a){this.isLoaded=!1;this.element=a;u||(this.lastTop=a.getBoundingClientRect().top,this.lastY=window.scrollY);this.finishedLoadingEvent="loadeddata";this.isPlaying=!1;this.src="https://www.wikihow.com/video"+this.element.getAttribute("data-src");this.poster=this.element.getAttribute("data-poster");(this.poster=w(this.poster))&&"jpg"==this.poster.split(".").pop()&&r&&(this.poster+=".webp");this.noAutoplay=this. element.getAttribute("data-noautoplay");this.play=function(){this.element.play();this.isPlaying=!0};this.pause=function(){this.element.pause();this.isPlaying=!1};this.load=function(){this.element.setAttribute("poster",this.poster);!M||this.noAutoplay||!t&&!0!==window.wgIsMainPage?this.finishedLoadingEvent=null:(this.element.setAttribute("src",this.src),this.play());this.isLoaded=!0;this.noAutoplay||h(this)}}function G(){return"scheduler"in window&&"yield"in scheduler?scheduler.yield():new Promise(function(a){setTimeout(a,0)})}function U(a){var b,e,d,c;return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram(function(k){if(1==k.nextAddress)return k.yield(G(),2);b=document.getElementById(a);if(!b)return console.log("no element with id",a),k.return();e=1==b.getAttribute("data-desktopok");d=1==b.getAttribute("data-nowebp");if(!e&&t||!r||!v||d)return c=b.getAttribute("data-src-nowebp"),c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src"),5<c.length&&".webp"==c.substr(c.length-5)&&(c=c.substr(0,c.length-5))),b. setAttribute("data-src",c),b.setAttribute("class","content-fill"),y(a),k.return();c=b.getAttribute("data-srclarge");t&&c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src"));b.setAttribute("src",c);k.jumpToEnd()})}function V(a){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram(function(b){if(1==b.nextAddress)return b.yield(G(),2);D(a);b.jumpToEnd()})}function y(a){m("webvitalsINP")?V(a):D(a)}function D(b){var e=document.getElementById(b);if(e)if(r||N){b=!1;var c=null,f=e.nodeName.toLowerCase();if("img"===f)c=new n(e),v?(f=c,f.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide"),f.element.classList.add("img-loading-alt"),(m("webvitalsINP")||m("webvitalsINPWithCSSSelectorsOnly"))&&f.element.dataset.firstimage||f.element.setAttribute("loading","lazy"),f.load()):u?a(c.element):b=!0;else if("video"===f)c=new T(e),u?a(c.element):b=!0;else if("iframe"===f)c=new x(e),u?a(c.element):b=!0;else if("picture"===f)if(f=e.getElementsByTagName("img")[0],v){C?(f.width=f.dataset.width,f.height=f.dataset.height):(f.width=f.dataset. widthlarge,f.height=f.dataset.heightlarge);f.src=f.dataset.src;f=e.getElementsByTagName("source");for(var z=0;z<f.length;z++){var h=f[z];h.srcset=h.dataset.srcset}}else c=document.createElement("div"),c.className="content-spacer",e.appendChild(c),f.id="picture_"+X++,f.classList.add("content-fill"),c.appendChild(f),c=new n(f),useObserver?a(c.element):b=!0,e=f;else return;c&&(p[c.element.id]=c);f=e.getAttribute("data-width")||e.getAttribute("width");z=e.getAttribute("data-height")||e.getAttribute("height");0<f&&!e.parentElement.classList.contains("sd_link")&&(e.parentElement.style.paddingTop=z/f*100+"%");O?c.load():b&&(d(),A=g(d,500),window.addEventListener("scroll",A))}else P.push(b)}function Q(){R=!0;window.removeEventListener("scroll",Q)}function m(a){return window.allAdTests?window.activeAdTests?a in window.allAdTests?a in window.activeAdTests?!0:!1:(console.log("all",window.allAdTests),console.error("WH.shared trying to check for a test that does not exist:",a),!1):(console.warn( "activeAdTests not defined"),!1):(console.warn("allAdTests not defined"),!1)}function Y(){var a=document.cookie.indexOf("ccpa_out=");console.log("ccpa_out cookie",a);window.googlefc=window.googlefc||{};window.googlefc.ccpa=window.googlefc.ccpa||{};window.googlefc.callbackQueue=window.googlefc.callbackQueue||[];window.googlefc.ccpa.overrideDnsLink=!0;var b=function(a){console.log("googlfc ccpaCompletionCallback");a&&(c=!0,console.log("user opted out"),a=new Date,a.setTime(a.getTime()+31536E6),a="; expires="+a.toGMTString(),document.cookie="ccpa_out=1"+a+"; path=/",(a=document.getElementById("footer_ccpa"))&&a.classList.add("hidden"),window.afterOptOutTarget&&window.afterOptOutTarget.scrollIntoView())},c=!1;console.log("googlefc queue __uspapi call");window.googlefc.callbackQueue.push({INITIAL_CCPA_DATA_READY:function(){console.log("googlefc INITIAL_CCPA_DATA_READY");var a=!1;switch(googlefc.ccpa.getInitialCcpaStatus()){case googlefc.ccpa.InitialCcpaStatusEnum.CCPA_DOES_NOT_APPLY:a=!0; console.log("googlefc ccpa does not apply");break;case googlefc.ccpa.InitialCcpaStatusEnum.NOT_OPTED_OUT:console.log("googlefc ccpa not opted out.. removing cookie");document.cookie="ccpa_out=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC; path=/;";document.getElementById("footer").classList.add("ccpa");var e=document.getElementById("footer_ccpa");e.style.display="block";e.addEventListener("click",function(a){console.log("footer ccpa link clicked");googlefc.ccpa.openConfirmationDialog(b);event.preventDefault()});window.openOptOutOnLoad&&(console.log("openOptOutOnLoad will open dialogue"),setTimeout(function(){window.googlefc.ccpa.openConfirmationDialog(b)},300));break;case googlefc.ccpa.InitialCcpaStatusEnum.OPTED_OUT:c=!0,e=new Date,e.setTime(e.getTime()+31536E6),e="; expires="+e.toGMTString(),document.cookie="ccpa_out=1"+e+"; path=/",console.log("googlefc user is ccpa opted out")}(e=document.querySelectorAll(".body_ccpa_link"))&&e.forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",function(e){e .preventDefault();console.log("body_ccpa_link clicked");1==c?alert("You have already opted out."):a?(console.log("notApplicable typeof mw",typeof mw),"undefined"!=typeof mw?(console.log("mw loader using"),mw.loader.using(["ext.wikihow.ccpa_modal"],function(){WH.CCPA.popNotApplicableModal()})):alert("You are not in a location to which this applies.")):(window.afterOptOutTarget=e.target,window.googlefc.ccpa.openConfirmationDialog(b))})})}})}var H=[],p={},P=[],A,O=!1,R=!1,W=Date.now||function(){return(new Date).getTime()},r=!1,N=!1,I=document.documentElement.clientWidth||window.innerWidth,C=I<WH.mediumScreenMinWidth,J=!C&&I<WH.largeScreenMinWidth,S=!C&&!J,t=S,L="0px 0px 100% 0px",X=1,v="loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype,u="IntersectionObserver"in window,E=null,F=null,K="";(function(a){var b=new Image;b.onload=function(){a(0<b.width&&0<b.height)};b.onerror=function(){a(!1)};b.src="data:image/webp;base64,UklGRiIAAABXRUJQVlA4IBYAAAAwAQCdASoBAAEADsD+JaQAA3AAAAAA"})(function(a){r=a;N=!0;P. forEach(function(a){y(a)})});1==WH.jsFastRender&&(v=!1,L="0px 0px 0px 0px");window.onresize=function(){H.forEach&&H.forEach(function(a){a()})};c(d);var B=null;var M=function(){var a=window.document.createElement("video");a.setAttribute("muted","");a.setAttribute("playsinline","");a.setAttribute("webkit-playsinline","");a.muted=!0;a.playsinline=!0;a.webkitPlaysinline=!0;a.setAttribute("height","0");a.setAttribute("width","0");a.style.position="fixed";a.style.top=0;a.style.width=0;a.style.height=0;a.style.opacity=0;try{var b=a.play();b&&b.catch&&b.then(function(){}).catch(function(){})}catch(q){}return!a.paused}();window.addEventListener?(window.addEventListener("scroll",A),window.addEventListener("scroll",Q)):O=!0;m("googlefcCCPA")&&Y();return{isDesktopSize:t,isSmallSize:C,isMedSize:J,isLargeSize:S,viewportWidth:I,getScreenSize:function(){if(m("webvitalsINP"))return C?"small":J?"medium":"large";var a=document;var b=a.documentElement,c=a.body,d=c&&c.clientWidth,g=0;!b||!b.clientWidth|| "CSS1Compat"!==a.compatMode&&d?d&&(g=c.clientWidth):g=b.clientWidth;a=g;return 0==a||a>=WH.largeScreenMinWidth?"large":a>=WH.mediumScreenMinWidth?"medium":"small"},throttle:g,TOP_MENU_HEIGHT:52,autoPlayVideo:M,webpSupport:r,addScrollLoadItem:y,addLazyImage:function(a){if(m("webvitalsINP"))U(a);else{var b=document.getElementById(a),c=1==b.getAttribute("data-desktopok"),e=1==b.getAttribute("data-nowebp");!c&&t||!r||!v||e?(c=b.getAttribute("data-src-nowebp"),c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src"),5<c.length&&".webp"==c.substr(c.length-5)&&(c=c.substr(0,c.length-5))),b.setAttribute("data-src",c),b.setAttribute("class","content-fill"),y(a)):(c=b.getAttribute("data-srclarge"),t&&c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src")),b.setAttribute("src",c))}},addScrollLoadItemByElement:function(a){var b=a.id;b||(b="id-"+Math.random().toString(36).substr(2,16));a.id=b;y(b)},videoRoot:"https://www.wikihow.com/video",setupLoader:h,addResizeFunction:c,loadAllImages:function(){for(var a in p){var b=p[a];b.isLoaded||b.load( )}},loadAllEmbed:function(){for(var a in p){var b=p[a];b.isLoaded||"iframe"==b.element.nodeName.toLowerCase()&&b.load()}},addLoadedCallback:function(a,b){p[a].loadedCallback=b},showVideoPlay:function(a){a=a.element.parentElement.getElementsByClassName("m-video-intro-over");"undefined"!==typeof a&&(a=a[0]);a&&(a.style.visibility="visible")},getCompressedImageSrc:w,isBucket:function(a){if(!a)return!1;var b=a;if(!(a instanceof Array))if(Number.isInteger(a))b=[a];else return!1;return 0<=b.indexOf(parseInt(WH.bucket))?!0:!1},isTest:m,yieldToMain:G,getHasScrolled:function(){return R},getBrowser:function(){""==K&&(K=navigator.userAgent.match(/Edg/i)?"edge":navigator.userAgent.match(/Chrome/i)?"chrome":navigator.userAgent.match(/Safari/i)?"safari":"unknown");return K}}}();</script> <script>WH.gdpr=(function(){var acceptCookieName='gdpr_accept';function hasAcceptCookie(){var hasCookie=document.cookie.indexOf('gdpr_accept=');if(hasCookie>=0){return true;}return false;}function hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut(){var hasCookie=document.cookie.indexOf('gdpr_cpp_opt_out=1');if(hasCookie>=0){return true;}return false;}function hasEUQueryParam(){var url=window.location.href;if(url.indexOf('?EUtest=1')!=-1){return true;}else if(url.indexOf('&EUtest=1')!=-1){return true;}return false;}function hasEUQueryParamOff(){var url=window.location.href;if(url.indexOf('?EUtest=0')!=-1){return true;}else if(url.indexOf('&EUtest=0')!=-1){return true;}return false;}function isEULocation(){var value="; "+document.cookie;var parts=value.split("; vi=");var res=null;if(parts.length==2){res=parts.pop().split(";").shift();}if(hasEUQueryParam()){res="EU";}if(hasEUQueryParamOff()){res=null;}if(res=="EU"){return true;}return false;}function popupClosed(){createCookie("gdpr_accept",1,365);createCookie( "gdpr_decline","",-1);gdpr.style.display="none";}function createCookie(name,value,days){var expires="; expires="+new Date(2147483647*1000).toUTCString();if(days){var date=new Date();date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000));expires="; expires="+date.toGMTString();}document.cookie=name+"="+value+expires+"; path=/";}function declinePage(){var decline=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline');if(decline){decline.style.display="block";decline.addEventListener("click",function(){var cookies=document.cookie.split(";");for(var i=0;i<cookies.length;i++){createCookie(cookies[i].split("=")[0],"",-1);}createCookie("gdpr_decline",1,1);var declineConfirm=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline_confirm');if(declineConfirm){declineConfirm.style.display='block';}});}var declineOk=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline_confirm_dismiss');if(declineOk){declineOk.addEventListener("click",function(){var declineConfirm=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline_confirm');if(declineConfirm){declineConfirm. style.display='none';}});}}function cookiePage(){var cookie_policy=document.getElementById('eu_cookie_policy');if(!cookie_policy){return;}var eu_cp_save=document.getElementById('eu_cp_save');var checkbox=document.getElementById('eu_cookie_message_check');checkbox.addEventListener("click",function(){if(hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut()){if(this.checked==true){eu_cp_save.className='';}else{eu_cp_save.className='active';}}else{if(this.checked==true){eu_cp_save.className='active';}else{eu_cp_save.className='';}}});if(hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut()){checkbox.checked=!0;}else{checkbox.checked=!1;}cookie_policy.style.display="block";eu_cp_save.addEventListener("click",function(){var checkbox=document.getElementById('eu_cookie_message_check');if(checkbox.checked==true){createCookie('gdpr_cpp_opt_out',1,1);WH.event('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_out',{});}else{createCookie('gdpr_cpp_opt_out',0,1);WH.event('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_in',{});}eu_cp_save.className='';});WH.eventView('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_out');WH. eventView('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_in');}function pageLoaded(){if(!isEULocation()){return;}if(hasEUQueryParam()){var viValue='EU';createCookie('vi',viValue,1);}declinePage();document.body.className+=' '+'geo-group-eu';var sidebarShare=document.getElementById('sidebar_share');if(sidebarShare){sidebarShare.remove();}cookiePage();}function initialize(){if(WH.isINPTest){return;}var isEU=isEULocation();var gdpr=document.getElementById('gdpr');if(gdpr&&isEU&&!hasAcceptCookie()){gdpr.style.display="block";}else if(gdpr){gdpr.parentNode.removeChild(gdpr);}var accept=document.getElementById('gdpr_accept');if(accept){WH.largeEventView('gdpr_banner_ok_click',{},'#gdpr_accept','click');WH.eventView('gdpr_banner_policy_click',{},'#gdpr_cp_link','click');WH.eventView('gdpr_banner_settings_click',{},'#gdpr_text_inner a','click');accept.addEventListener("click",function(){popupClosed()},true);}var close=document.getElementById('gdpr_close');if(close){close.addEventListener("click",function(){popupClosed( )},true);}return;}return{'initialize':initialize,'pageLoaded':pageLoaded,'hasAcceptCookie':hasAcceptCookie,'hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut':hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut,'isEULocation':isEULocation};})();if(!WH.isINPTest){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){WH.gdpr.pageLoaded();},false);}</script> <style>.sodad_1{width:728px;height:90px}.sodad_2{width:300px;height:600px}.sodad_3{width:300px;height:250px;margin:0 auto}.promopair .sodad_3{margin:0}#sidebar .sodad_2{position:sticky;top:65px}#comscore_px{display:block}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay{width:100%;height:100%;position:fixed;overflow-y:scroll;top:0;left:0;z-index:100;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link{display:block;top:10%;position:relative;width:80%;background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link.open{margin-bottom:0}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link:after{border:none}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text{position:relative;width:80%;top:10%;border:1px solid #93b874;background-color:#fff;padding:15px 20px 15px 15px;line-height:22px;display:block}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text h2{background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;margin:-15px -20px 10px -15px;padding:15px}#aboutthisarticle .text_summary_wrapper{overflow-y:auto}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_close{position:absolute;top:11px;right:10px;width:30px;height:30px;color:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:15px;text-align:center;line-height:30px;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;display:block;background:#93b874}#aboutthisarticle .page_stats{display:block;text-align:center;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link{background:none}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link::after{content:':'}#aboutthisarticle #language_links{display:block;margin-top:.5em;-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2}#icon-coupons{position:relative}.icon-coupons-extra{display:none}.show_coupons .icon-coupons-extra{display:list-item}.show_coupons #icon-coupons:after{right:16px;top:19px;transform:rotate(45deg)}#icon-coupons:after{right:16px;top:19px;border-top:2px solid #FFF;border-left:2px solid #FFF;content:" ";height:8px;width:8px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-135deg)}.button.video_transcript_button{float:right;margin-top:10px;color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:15px;display:inline-block;padding:7px 14px;margin-right:10px;border:0px;height:35px;box-sizing:border-box}.button.video_transcript_button:hover{border:0}.button.transcript_button{display:block;padding:12px 5px;border:1px solid #93b874;border-radius:7px;color:#93b874;text-align:center;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;margin:10px 0 0 0;cursor:pointer;background-color:#FFF;width:128px;line-height:6px}.button.transcript_button:hover{background-color:#FFF}.button.tech_newsletter_button{width:150px;font-size:0.9em;font-weight:bold;padding:.3em 1.5em;border-radius:20px;color:#222222;background:#F7AE38;border:none;margin-left:270px;margin-top:20px;height:fit-content}.button.tech_newsletter_button:hover,.button.tech_newsletter_button:active{background:#E89D22;border:none}#meme_game_article_banner_large{display:none;cursor:pointer}#meme_game_article_banner_small{display:block;padding-top:15px;cursor:pointer}.switch.large{display:none} .switch{position:relative;width:40px;height:20px;top:-5px;float:right;margin-right:0px}.switch .toggle_text{margin-left:-60px;font-size:12.4px;font-weight:bold} .switch input{opacity:0;width:0;height:0} .toggle_slider{position:absolute;cursor:pointer;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background-color:#ccc;-webkit-transition:.4s;transition:.4s}.toggle_slider::before{position:absolute;content:"";height:20px;width:20px;left:1px;bottom:4px;background-color:white;-webkit-transition:.4s;transition:.4s;top:0px}input:checked + .toggle_slider{background-color:#93B874}input:focus + .toggle_slider{box-shadow:0 0 1px #93B874}input:checked + .toggle_slider::before{-webkit-transform:translateX(18px);-ms-transform:translateX(18px);transform:translateX(18px)} .toggle_slider.round{border-radius:34px}.toggle_slider.round::before{border-radius:50%}div.articleShareIcons{display:none}div.articleShareIcons a{padding:2px}#pinterestShareRound{text-decoration:none}#pinterestShareRound > img{cursor:pointer}#rewardedweb{display:none}.w_label:before{display:none}#outstreamVid{padding-top:5px}#intro .wh_ad_intl.gam{height:calc(33.33333333vw);max-height:140px;width:calc(100vw - 32px);max-width:728px}#intro .wh_ad_inner{line-height:0}#gamOutstreamVid_ad_1{text-align:center}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall{margin:0 auto;text-align:center;margin-top:20px;width:300px;height:250px;overflow:hidden}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.fluid{width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible;padding-bottom:5px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.gam_osv{width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible;padding-bottom:5px}.section:not(#intro) .wh_ad_inner.as-small{overflow:hidden;margin-left:-15px}.section:not(#intro) .wh_ad_inner.as-small-s5{margin-left:-10px}.section:not(#intro) .wh_ad_inner.fwas{margin:0 auto;text-align:center}.fwas .al_method{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:5px}.fwas-wrap{width:100vw;max-height:85vw;margin-left:-5px}#pagebottom .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden}.section:not(#intro) #relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin-left:-5px}.section:not(#intro) #tips .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin-left:-10px}.section:not(#intro) #qa .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin-left:-10px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod{margin-left:-15px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod.containerless_ad{margin-left:-10px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallextra{margin-left:-10px;margin-bottom:10px}.dfpsmall.dfpsmallbottom{margin:0 auto;text-align:center;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:12px;width:300px;height:250px;overflow:hidden}.dfpsmall.dfpsmallbottom.fluid{width:auto;height:auto}.dfpsmall .al_method{padding-top:5px}@media only screen and (min-width:321px){.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod{margin-left:-10px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallextra{margin-left:-5px;margin-bottom:10px}}@media only screen and (min-width:331px){.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod{margin:0 auto;margin-top:20px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod.containerless_ad{margin:0 auto;margin-top:20px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallextra{margin:0 auto;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px}}.hide_step_numbers .step_num{display:none}.steps .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:20px}#intro_ad_1.full-width{margin-left:-15px}#intro_ad_1.all_gam_affiliate{text-align:center}#middlerelated_ad_1.all_gam_affiliate{text-align:center;padding-bottom:5px}#tips > .wh_ad_inner > div > ins{margin-top:22px}.oo-ui-buttonElement-button:hover{text-decoration:none}.ur_author{margin-top:5px;color:#c3c3c3;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;display:inline-block;height:36px;vertical-align:bottom}.ur_rating{margin-top:5px}#sample_loading{display:none}.sd_thumb{text-align:center;width:200px;margin:6px}.sd_content .sd_thumb img{border:1px solid #BBB;width:100%;height:auto}#sd_container{padding:15px;background-color:#FFF;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch}#sd_container.sd_polish{justify-content:space-between}#sd_container.sd_polish,#sd_container.sd_single{padding:15px 30px}#sd_container.sd_polish .sd_thumb,#sd_container.sd_single .sd_thumb{width:130px}#sd_container.sd_polish .whcdn,#sd_container.sd_single .whcdn{box-shadow:-10px 10px #d9ead3;margin-bottom:10px}#sd_container.sd_relationship .whcdn{box-shadow:-10px 10px #e9d2de}#sd_container.sd_tech .whcdn{box-shadow:-10px 10px #d3dee9}.noscroll{overflow:hidden}.oo-ui-processDialog-content .oo-ui-window-head{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/MobileFrontendWikihow/images/dialog-header.svg);background-size:cover}#footer_newsletter{display:block;grid-column:3 / 3;grid-row:2 / span 4;min-height:166px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_icon{display:inline-block;width:25px;height:25px; background:url(/skins/owl/images/newsletter_footer.svg) no-repeat;position:relative;top:2px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_title{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold;font-size:18px;color:#444f45}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_confirm_text{display:none;margin:5px 0 10px 0;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_text{margin:5px 0 10px 0;font-weight:bold;font-size:12px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email{box-sizing:border-box;background:white;margin-bottom:10px;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:5px;border:1px solid #ffffff;font-size:16px;width:180px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email.error{border:1px red solid}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_notice{margin:4px auto;font-size:12px;width:180px;line-height:13px}#footer_newsletter a#footer_subscribe_button{display:block;background:#FABC3B;font-weight:bold;color:#000;margin:0 auto;padding:2px .7em;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:5px;width:182px;border:none}.related-wh{display:block;margin-bottom:2%;overflow:hidden}#relatedwikihows .quiz_button{font-weight:bold;font-size:.9em;padding:.25em .5em;background:#FABC3B;border:none;color:#343434;border-radius:3px;float:right}#side_related_articles .quiz_button{display:none}.related-wh-title{background-color:rgba(50,50,50,0.5);padding:2% 4%;width:92%;min-height:32px;position:absolute;bottom:0;cursor:pointer;color:#fff;font-weight:bold}.related-wh-howto{font-size:12px}.medium_a{display:none} #watchtheserelatedvideos{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;grid-gap:10px}#watchtheserelatedvideos a{display:block;position:relative;color:#444f45;border:1px solid #dfdfdf;border-radius:7px;text-decoration:none}#watchtheserelatedvideos .play_button{position:absolute;width:64px;left:50%;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);z-index:1}#watchtheserelatedvideos img{display:block}#watchtheserelatedvideos img:not(.play_button){border-top-left-radius:7px;border-top-right-radius:7px}#watchtheserelatedvideos .related-expert-title{left:0;z-index:2;padding:5px;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold}#watchtheserelatedvideos .related-expert-title .related-wh-howto{font-weight:normal}#jpt_header{padding:16px;font-weight:bold}.jpt_container{border-bottom:1px solid #ecebe8;padding:5px 16px;background-color:#fff;display:block;width:268px;height:61px}.jpt_container:last-child{border-bottom:none}.jpt_container:hover{text-decoration:none}.jpt_container img{vertical-align:middle;margin:5px 10px 5px 13px;width:50px;height:50px}.jpt_count{font-size:22px;color:#ecebe8;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:middle}.jpt_container:hover .jpt_count{color:#93b874}.jpt_title{font-size:14px;display:inline-block;width:182px;color:#686868;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.morequizzes .wh_ad_inner{min-height:90px;padding-top:15px}.quizpage-after-content-ad{min-height:90px;padding-top:15px}#amazonshopping_ad_1{max-height:120px}.quiz-page-top-ad{min-height:90px}.during .quiz-page-top-ad{padding-bottom:5px}.ccpa_footer_extra{display:inline}.embedvideocontainer.ytshort{max-width:405px !important;padding-bottom:100%}.section.video.youtube_short_articles{margin-top:0}#meme_game_article_banner_large{display:block;padding-top:25px}#meme_game_article_banner_small{display:none}.switch.small{display:none}.switch.large{display:block}.switch{top:0px;margin-right:-295px}.medium_a{display:block}.related-wh{float:left;width:48%;margin-right:2%}.sd_thumb{width:200px}#sd_container.sd_polish{justify-content:flex-start}#sd_container.sd_polish .sd_thumb{min-width:130px;width:100%;max-width:155px}#sd_container.sd_polish.first_row{justify-content:space-evenly}#sd_container.sd_single{justify-content:space-around}#sd_container.sd_single .sd_thumb{left:-50px}#sd_container.sd_single .whcdn{box-shadow:none;margin-bottom:0px;z-index:1}#sd_container.sd_single .sd_link{display:flex;align-items:center}#sd_container.sd_single .sd_link span{z-index:0;background:#d9ead3ff;position:absolute;left:-40px;padding:5px 20px 5px 180px;text-align:left;width:100px;min-height:60px;display:flex;align-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap}#sd_container.sd_single.sd_relationship .sd_link span{background:#E9D2DE}#sd_container.sd_single.sd_tech .sd_link span{background:#D3DEE9}div.articleShareIcons{display:block;position:relative;float:right;top:0px}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{vertical-align:baseline;margin-bottom:0;margin:0 auto}#gdpr_text{position:relative}#gdpr_cp_link{position:absolute;width:155px;right:-230px;top:2px}#gdpr_text_inner{padding-right:0}#gdpr_accept_wrap{width:70px}#housebottom_ad_1{display:block;padding-top:25px}.house-promo{display:block}#hausead-img-wrap{display:block;position:relative}#intro_ad_1.full-width{margin-left:0}.list_method .steps .altblock{height:60px;font-size:0;width:3.5rem}.list_method .steps .headline_container .headline_info{height:58px}.list_method .steps .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{display:block}.menu{font-size:1rem;position:absolute;border:1px solid #91af79;margin:0;padding:10px 0;top:71px;z-index:1000;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:none;right:0}.menu.explore_menu{right:-149px;padding:15px 0 27px 0;max-width:1055px;overflow:hidden;max-height:calc(100vh - 150px);overflow-y:scroll}.menu a{display:block;padding:0 20px 0 15px;line-height:26px;color:#669933}.explore_menu .menuitem,.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat{display:inline-block;width:211px;padding:0 20px 0 15px}.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat{font-size:16px;line-height:23px}.explore_menu .menu_item_sub{font-size:14px;line-height:23px}.explore_menu .menu_item_sub:first-child{font-size:16px;padding:0}.explore_menu_line.top_menu_section{font-weight:bold;margin-top:0px}.explore_menu_line.subcat_menu_section{margin-top:10px}.explore_menu_line.top_menu_section:nth-child(2){margin-top:10px;padding-bottom:7px}.explore_menu_line.section_name_line{font-weight:bold;position:relative;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:5px;padding-top:10px}.explore_menu_line.section_name_line:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:-10px;left:16px;width:97%;height:1px;background-color:#D9D9D9}.explore_menu_line{margin-top:5px}#AdminOptions.menu a{color:#363}.menu a:hover{color:white;background-color:#91af79;text-decoration:none}#AdminOptions.menu a:hover{color:white}.admin_arrow{width:0;height:0;border-left:3px solid transparent;border-right:3px solid transparent;border-top:5px solid #AAAAAA;display:inline-block;margin-left:3px;margin-bottom:1px}.menu a.admin_tab_hide{display:none} #actionbar{position:relative;height:35px;margin-top:-10px;z-index:2} .is-authenticated #actionbar{display:block}ul#tabs{position:absolute;top:0px;left:2px;margin:0px;padding:0px}ul#tabs li{float:left;list-style:none;padding:0px;margin:0px;padding-right:15px;line-height:2em}ul#tabs li a{font-size:13px;font-weight:500}ul#tabs li a.on{color:#454545;font-weight:bold}#wikilove_header{display:none}.hs_active.hs_notif #hs_query{margin-right:40px}#hs_submit{margin-right:40px}.header.love_button #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs.hs_active{width:72px}.love_button #hs_query,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:auto}.mobile_tab:first-child{margin-left:2.3em}#AdminOptions{position:absolute;top:30px;font-size:1em;border:1px solid #91af79;color:#363;margin:0;background-color:#f9f9f9;width:100%;width:-moz-max-content;width:-webkit-max-content;width:-o-max-content}ul#AdminOptions li{padding-left:0px}#content_wrapper{margin:1em auto;max-width:1050px;padding:40px 1em 1em;background:#f3f3f3}#content_inner{width:100%;max-width:728px;margin:0 auto;position:relative}.full_width #content_wrapper,.full_width #content_inner{max-width:initial;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.full_width .content{margin:0}.stable .content p,.stable .content li,.stable .content dl{line-height:25px}.stable .content .steps_list_2 ul,.stable .content .steps_list_2 ol{margin-left:55px;margin-top:5px;padding:0}#trust_banner{border-radius:4px 4px 0 0;font-size:14px}#trust_banner span{display:inline}#breadcrumb{padding:1.1em 0 0.8em 26px;color:#307530}div.articleShareIcons{margin-right:10px;margin-top:-25px}.article_byline{color:#545454;font-size:.85em}.article_byline#recipe_byline{padding-top:0}.article_byline p{font-size:.9em;line-height:1.2rem}.coauthor_checkstar{background-position:right 1px}#byline_info{line-height:1.2rem}.byline_success{background-position:left 40%}#mobile_tab_container{display:none}#section_0{padding:26px 26px 0;line-height:normal}#section_0.special_title{font-size:35px}.ns-0.action-view #section_0{padding:0 26px}#intro{font-size:1em;margin:0;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;padding:7px 26px}#intro p{line-height:25px}#intro .mwimg{margin:10px 0px}#intro .mwimg img{border-radius:3px}.mwimg a img{border-top-left-radius:3px;border-top-right-radius:3px}.steps_list_2 li:first-child .mwimg a img{border-radius:0}.mw-mf-cleanup{display:none}#method_toc{display:block;position:static;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.65em;color:#222222;float:right;background-color:#f6f8f7;border-radius:6px;width:259px;padding:8px 15px 15px 15px;margin:2px 0 10px 10px;clear:right}#method_toc .hidden,#method_toc a.hidden,#method_toc #toc_showless{display:none}#method_toc span{margin-right:.75em}#method_toc .sp_method_toc{margin:3px -26px;border:0 26px;padding:10px 26px;border:0;color:#222222;background-color:#f6f8f7;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.65em}#method_toc .header_toc{width:100%;padding-bottom:5px;color:#444;line-height:normal}#method_toc.en_toc .method_toc_item a{background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:17px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_method a > span{background-color:#94b778;width:15px;height:15px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;line-height:15px;border-radius:5px;color:#fff;margin-right:5px;font-size:11px;position:absolute;left:0;top:1px}#method_toc.en_toc a{display:block;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.4px;color:#307530;line-height:18px;margin:3px 0;background-image:none;padding-left:20px;position:relative}#method_toc.en_toc .header_toc{font-size:14px;display:none}#method_toc.en_toc #qa_toc{background-image:none}#method_toc.en_toc #qa_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-3,.cls-4%7Bfill:none;stroke:%23a3a3a3%7D.cls-4%7Bfill:%23a3a3a3;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:.25px%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-2' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='7'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-3' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='6.56'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M5.66 3.42A3.16 3.16 0 0 1 7.39 3a3.76 3.76 0 0 1 2.25.64 2.24 2.24 0 0 1 .89 1.92 2.16 2.16 0 0 1-.39 1.31 4.42 4.42 0 0 1-.87.82L8.85 8a1.32 1.32 0 0 0-.46.63 2.82 2.82 0 0 0-.08.71H6.69a5.07 5.07 0 0 1 .19-1.4 2.55 2.55 0 0 1 .8-.94l.44-.34a1.4 1.4 0 0 0 .34-.35 1.21 1.21 0 0 0 .24-.73 1.43 1.43 0 0 0-.26-.82 1.12 1.12 0 0 0-1-.38 1.11 1.11 0 0 0-1 .46 1.81 1.81 0 0 0-.28 1H4.47a2.79 2.79 0 0 1 1.19-2.42z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-4' x='6.65' y='10.15' width='1.79' height='1.73' rx='.44'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #rwh_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2,.cls-3%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-2,.cls-3,.cls-4,.cls-5%7Bstroke:%23a3a3a3%7D.cls-2,.cls-5%7Bstroke-width:.75px%7D.cls-4,.cls-5%7Bfill:none%7D.cls-5%7Bstroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M13.49 3.66v9.1a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2 1.74H5.38a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2-1.74V2.44a1.87 1.87 0 0 1 2-1.74H10z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M11.59 3.45v8.11a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2 1.74H3.48a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2-1.74V2.24a1.87 1.87 0 0 1 2-1.74H8z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M11.59 3.45H8.66A.58.58 0 0 1 8 2.91V.5'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-5' d='M3.41 3.45h2.91M3.41 5.43h6.28M3.41 7.42h6.28M3.41 9.4h6.28M3.41 11.38h6.28'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #comments_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/userreview/assets/comments_toc.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #toc_ref a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:none;stroke:%23a3a3a3;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:%23fff%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M4.19 2.82h8.15'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M12.34 4.23V14H4.46a1.8 1.8 0 0 1-1.8-1.8V2.61a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 1.49 1.62z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M12.34 4.23V14H4.46a1.8 1.8 0 0 1-1.8-1.8V2.61a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 1.49 1.62zM2.66 2.61A1.55 1.55 0 0 1 4.15 1h8.19'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #summary_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2,.cls-4%7Bfill:none;stroke:%2393b874;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-4%7Bstroke-width:.75px%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M3.06 2.82H14'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M14 4.23V14H3.42C2.09 14 1 13.2 1 12.2V2.61a1.84 1.84 0 0 0 2 1.62z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M14 4.23V14H3.42C2.09 14 1 13.2 1 12.2V2.61a1.84 1.84 0 0 0 2 1.62zM1 2.61A1.84 1.84 0 0 1 3 1h11'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M3.06 7.03h7.48M3.06 9.03h7.48M3.06 11.03h7.48'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #tips_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:none;stroke:%23a3a3a3%7D.cls-4%7Bfill:%23a3a3a3%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cg id='Ellipse_443-3' data-name='Ellipse 443-3'%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-2' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='7'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-3' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='6.56'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M7.56 2.63a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1.53l-.5 4.48h-1l-.53-4.48V3.67a1 1 0 0 1 1.03-1.04z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-4' x='6.57' y='10.13' width='1.97' height='1.91' rx='.95'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #summaryvideo_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15.5 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%23fff;%7D.cls-1,.cls-4%7Bstroke:%2393b875;%7D.cls-2,.cls-4%7Bfill:none;%7D.cls-2%7Bopacity:0.61;%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:%2393b874;%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cg id='Layer_2' data-name='Layer 2'%3E%3Cg id='TOC'%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M.54,5.25H13.89A1.11,1.11,0,0,1,15,6.36v7a1.11,1.11,0,0,1-1.11,1.11H1.65A1.11,1.11,0,0,1,.54,13.39V5.25A0,0,0,0,1,.54,5.25Z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-2' width='15' height='15'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M2.13,7.44H.75c-.29,0-.53-.17-.53-.37V5.2h3Z'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='5.82 5.2 4.77 7.44 3.25 7.44 4.3 5.2 5.82 5.2'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='8.99 5.2 7.93 7.44 5.88 7.44 6.94 5.2 8.99 5.2'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='11.63 5.2 10.57 7.44 9.05 7.44 10.1 5.2 11.63 5.2'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M14.47,7.44H11.69L12.75,5.2H15V7.07C15,7.27,14.76,7.44,14.47,7.44Z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M3.16,4.69.05,5,0,3.36c0-.2.19-.41.48-.46l1.37-.24Z'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='4.26 4.5 2.96 2.47 4.46 2.21 5.78 4.23 4.26 4.5'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='6.88 4.04 5.57 2.01 7.6 1.65 8.92 3.68 6.88 4.04'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='10.02 3.49 8.71 1.46 10.22 1.2 11.53 3.22 10.02 3.49'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M14.65.79l.23,1.84L12.64,3,11.33,1,14.09.52C14.38.47,14.63.59,14.65.79Z'/%3E%3Cline class='cls-4' x1='0.66' y1='7.74' x2='14.63' y2='7.74'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");color:#307431}#method_toc.en_toc #summaryvideo_toc a span{font-size:7px;color:#307431;background-color:#bbd1ab;padding:1px 4px 0 4px;border-radius:6px;display:inline-block;margin-top:1px;vertical-align:text-top;line-height:14px;margin-left:4px}#method_toc.en_toc #othervideo_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_video.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #need_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_need.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #ea_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_expert.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #ingredients_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_ingredients.svg);background-position:0px 4px;background-size:15px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_sample a,#method_toc.en_toc #ei_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_sample_new.svg);padding-left:21px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_questionmethod a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_video.svg);padding-left:21px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_method.toc_tech a span{display:none}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_android a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_android.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_desktop a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_desktop.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_iphone a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_iphone.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_mac a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_mac.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_mobile a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_mobile.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_windows a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_windows.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #final_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_final.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #steps_toc a{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 17 17'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%2394b778%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:%23fff%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect id='Rectangle_1284' data-name='Rectangle 1284' class='cls-1' width='17' height='17' rx='5'/%3E%3Crect id='Rectangle_1284-2' data-name='Rectangle 1284' class='cls-2' x='3.2' y='9.99' width='3.5' height='3.5' rx='1.03'/%3E%3Crect id='Rectangle_1284-3' data-name='Rectangle 1284' class='cls-2' x='3.2' y='3.51' width='3.5' height='3.5' rx='1.03'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M7.95 4.71h5.85v1.75H7.95zM7.95 11.19h5.85v1.75H7.95z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:14px}#method_toc .toc_hidden,#method_toc .toc_ignore{display:none}#method_toc.intl_toc{margin:3px -26px 12px;padding:10px 26px;border-radius:0;width:100%;float:none}#method_toc.intl_toc a,#method_toc.intl_toc .toc_method,#method_toc.intl_toc #toc_showless,#method_toc.intl_toc #toc_showmore,#method_toc.intl_toc .toc_pre{ background-image:url(data:image/gif;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position-x:left}#method_toc.intl_toc a{ background-position:0 3px;padding-left:15px;display:inline-block;font-size:12px;margin:0 5px 0 0}#method_toc.intl_toc .method_toc_item{display:inline;background:none;padding-left:0}#method_toc.intl_toc .method_toc_item a{line-height:17px}#method_toc.intl_toc .header_toc{margin-right:.75em;border-bottom:none;display:inline;font-size:12px}#method_toc.intl_toc .toc_nav{display:none}#method_toc.intl_toc span.summaryvideo_icon{background:url(/skins/owl/images/video_play_icon.png) 0 0 contain no-repeat; background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/video_play_icon.svg);width:14px;height:12px;margin:0 0 -1px 2px;display:inline-block}.toc_header{color:#444;border-bottom:1px solid #d8d8d4;font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase}#section_0.title_lg,#section_0.title_md,#section_0.title_sm{font-size:35px}.section > .headline_container:not(.subheadline),.steps .headline_container{background-color:#FFF;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0;border-bottom:1px solid #f3f3f3}.section > .headline_container:not(.subheadline) h2,.steps .headline_container h2{padding:0}.method_label{color:#222}.headline_container .altblock{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:60px;width:60px;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#fff;border-radius:4px 0 0 0;box-sizing:border-box;display:table;margin:0}.headline_container .altblock > div{width:100%;height:auto;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;padding-top:.2em}.headline_container .method_label{display:none}.headline_info{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:59.5px;line-height:1.125em;padding:0 1em}.headline_container:not(.block_header) .headline_info{padding:0 1em}div.section.steps .headline_container .altblock span{font-size:21px;padding-top:2.5px;display:block;line-height:20px}.section{margin-top:2.2em; }.section.stuck{padding-top:58px}.section .headline_container.block_header .headline_info{padding:0 0 0 75px}.section #ingredients .checkmark,.section #thingsyoullneed .checkmark{width:1em;height:1em}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline{padding:0.5em 0}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline .headline_info{padding-left:1.4em}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline h3{font-size:1.25em;font-weight:bold;color:#222222}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline .altblock{margin-top:.35em;top:auto;height:1.5em;width:1.5em}.section .tool div,.section .headline_container{position:relative}.section .tool div.sticking,.section .headline_container.sticking{position:fixed;top:39px;width:728px;z-index:5;border-radius:0}.section .tool div.sticking .altblock,.section .headline_container.sticking .altblock{border-radius:4px;margin:7px 16px 7px 7px;width:52px;height:44px}@supports (position:sticky){.section.sticky > .headline_container.sticking{top:37px;z-index:5;position:sticky}.sticky-sentinel{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;visibility:hidden}.sticky-sentinel-top{height:20px;top:-59px}.sticky-sentinel-introa{height:20px;top:-59px;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;visibility:hidden}.section .tool div.sticking{position:sticky}}.section.tysk .headline_container{background-size:8.5%}.section.tysk .headline_container .headline_info{padding-left:0}.section.tysk .headline_container h2{padding-left:3rem}h4.steps_text{font-size:1.1em;background:#DCE8CC;color:#222}.section_text,.steps_text{border:none}.steps_list_2 > li{border:none;margin-bottom:1.5em;position:relative}.content{margin:0 0 1.5em}.content .edit-page{display:block;position:absolute;top:1.7em;right:1.7em;background:none;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:normal;color:#307530}.content .sticking .edit-page{margin-right:10px}.pre-content{border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}.method_ad{margin-left:-19px}#intro.hasad{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:0}#intro_ad_1{height:120px}#intro_ad_1 > ins{background-color:#F3F3F3}.steps .section_text .steps_list_2 .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:25px;margin-left:-20px;margin-bottom:-21px;line-height:0}.steps .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:35px}.steps .wh_ad_inner.wh_ad_spacing{margin-top:40px;width:728px;min-height:0 !important}#qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-15px;margin-bottom:-15px;line-height:0}#qa .wh_ad_inner.wh_ad_spacing{margin-top:40px}#ingredients .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px;line-height:0}#thingsyoushouldknow .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#quick_summary_section .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px}.thingsyoushouldknow h2.tysk_head{background-color:#FFF;background-size:8.5%;border-radius:7px 7px 0 0;border-image:linear-gradient(to right,#93b874,#93b874 4.4%,#f3f3f3 4.4%,#f3f3f3) 1}.thingsyoushouldknow h2.tysk_head span.mw-headline{padding-left:3rem}#relatedwikihows{padding-left:15px}#relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-15px;margin-bottom:-16px;line-height:0}#expertinterview .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-16px;margin-bottom:-16px;line-height:0}#relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner.wh_ad_spacing{margin-top:40px}#intro .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:24px;margin-left:-26px}#intro .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:40px}.qz_container .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:5px}#warnings .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-14px;margin-bottom:-26px;margin-top:25px}#userreviews_mobile .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-14px;margin-bottom:-26px}#aboutthisarticle .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-14px;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:-26px}.section .section_text .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-16px;margin-bottom:-16px}#video .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0}#aboutthisarticle .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:25px}#promopair_container{display:block;position:relative;height:224px;margin-top:18px}#promopair_container.wh_ad_spacing{height:250px;background-color:#FFF;margin-top:0px;padding-top:10px}#promopair_container.tip_submit{padding-top:15px}#tips #promopair_container .wh_ad_inner{position:absolute;left:0;width:300px;height:250px}#promopair-img-wrap{position:absolute;right:-26px;width:420px}.wh_ad_spacing #promopair-img-wrap{right:0}#promopair_container img{min-width:auto;min-height:auto}ol.references{padding-left:0}#mw-mf-page-center{background:#F3F3F3}#mw-mf-page-center .qz_container{margin:26px auto}.w_label{margin-top:13px;background:#fff}.promopair.w_label{margin-top:0}#rightrail1_ad_1.blockthrough.w_label:before{display:none}.rr_container .w_label{background-color:#f3f3f3}#intro .w_label{display:block}.al_dollar{position:relative}.al_dollar:after{content:'$';font-size:9px;font-weight:bold;position:absolute;left:5px;top:-10px;color:#ecebe8}.al_dollar.w_label:before{margin-top:-18px;left:0px;padding-left:16px;padding-right:4px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;border-radius:2px;-moz-border-radius:2px;-webkit-border-radius:2px;background:-webkit-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:-moz-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:-o-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);border:1px solid #444;font-weight:normal}#intro .al_dollar.w_label:before{background:-webkit-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:-moz-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:-o-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%)}.w_label:before{font-size:9px;line-height:normal;color:#444;position:absolute;left:6px;margin-top:-13px;display:block}.al_grey.w_label:before{color:#bababa}.m-video-wm{display:block;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;background-color:#93b874;color:#FFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:13.5px;line-height:13px;opacity:0.6 !important;padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-right:5px;padding-left:0px;text-decoration:none;pointer-events:none}.m-video-wm canvas{height:13px;vertical-align:bottom}.m-video-wm:before{right:100%;bottom:0;content:" ";height:100%;width:0;position:absolute;pointer-events:none;border-bottom:22px solid #93b874;border-left:18px solid transparent}#preload-wm-img{background:url(/skins/WikiHow/images/WH_logo.svg) no-repeat -9999px -9999px}.content .m-video-wm-img{width:auto !important;height:11px !important;padding-right:5px;display:block;float:left}.sourcesandcitations .section_text{padding-left:42px}.content .tips .section_text ul li,.content .warnings .section_text ul li{margin-bottom:0.8em}.content .tips .section_text ul li div.wh_vote_container,.content .warnings .section_text ul li div.wh_vote_container{display:none}#end_options{display:block}#end_options li{display:inline-block}#end_options li:before{content:'|';color:#e7e7e7;margin:0 1em}#end_options li:first-child:before{display:none}#article_rating_mobile{margin:1.5rem 0 0;background:#FFF}#article_rating_mobile .mw-headline{font-weight:bold}#footer{text-align:left}#footer_inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1px 1fr;grid-template-rows:auto auto 30px auto auto auto;align-items:initial}.footer_divider,#footer_logo,#footer_crumbs{grid-column:1 / span 3}#footer_logo{grid-row:1}#footer_crumbs{grid-row:2}#footer_top_divider{display:none}#search_footer{grid-column:1;grid-row:4;width:85%}#footer_links{grid-column:1;grid-row:5;text-align:initial;padding-left:initial;margin-top:10px}#footer_links ul{column-gap:7.5em;margin-right:10px}#footer_vertical_divider{grid-column:2;grid-row:4 / span 3;border-left:1px solid #77a555}#byline_hover{z-index:6;position:absolute;top:28px;width:375px;max-width:375px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5em;border:4px solid #7fa065;border-radius:6px;background-color:#FFF}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper{display:none}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay{width:100%;height:100%;position:fixed;overflow-y:scroll;top:0;left:0;z-index:100;display:none;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link{display:block;top:25%;position:relative;left:25%;width:50%;background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link.open{margin-bottom:0}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link:after{border:none}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text{position:relative;width:50%;top:25%;border:1px solid #93b874;background-color:#fff;padding:15px 20px 15px 15px;line-height:25px;left:25%;right:25%;display:block}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text h2{background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;margin:-15px -20px 10px -15px;padding:15px}#aboutthisarticle .text_summary_wrapper{overflow-y:auto}#aboutthisarticle #summary_last_sentence{display:inline}#aboutthisarticle #summary_close{position:absolute;top:11px;right:10px;width:30px;height:30px;color:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:15px;text-align:center;line-height:30px;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;display:block;background:#93b874}#aboutthisarticle .page_stats{display:block;text-align:center;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link{background:none}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link::after{content:':'}#aboutthisarticle #language_links{display:block;margin-top:.5em;-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2}.al_method{display:none}#expertadvice > ul{padding-top:10px}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section p{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:0}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section ul li{font-size:16px}.healtharticle{margin-bottom:45px}.small_pdf_link,.small_offline_link{display:none}a.large_pdf_link,a.large_offline_link{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;float:right;font-weight:bold;margin:-5px 127px 5px 5px;font-size:12px;color:#333333;background-color:#F6F8F7;padding:.45em 1.1rem;border-radius:8px;position:relative;z-index:6}a.large_pdf_link:hover,a.large_offline_link:hover{text-decoration:none}a.large_pdf_link.pdf_link_steps,a.large_offline_link.pdf_link_steps{margin:10px 10px 0 0;min-width:135px;white-space:nowrap}a.large_pdf_link.intl,a.large_offline_link.intl{margin-right:0}a.large_pdf_link.pdf_link_steps.intl,a.large_offline_link.pdf_link_steps.intl{margin-right:10px}a.large_pdf_link img,a.large_offline_link img{width:23px;margin-right:.3rem}a.large_pdf_link > div,a.large_offline_link > div{margin-left:.4rem}a.large_pdf_link.no_align,a.large_offline_link.no_align{margin-right:.5em}a.large_offline_link{background:#93b874;color:white}#footer_newsletter{display:block;grid-column:3;grid-row:4 / span 2;width:210px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_title{font-size:19px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email{font-size:12px;width:100%;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:10px}#footer_newsletter a#footer_subscribe_button{font-size:14px;width:initial;border-radius:8px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_notice{font-size:11px}#footer_newsletter_divider{display:none}#intro .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:40px}#watchtheserelatedvideos{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.al_grey{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px}.table_of_contents_list_qam_test #method_toc{display:none}.list_method #method_toc{display:none}#fa_edge_intro img{max-width:calc(100% + 26px)}.wh_ad_intl.gam #intro_ad_1{height:120px;max-width:728px;background-color:#F3F3F3}#intro .wh_ad_intl.gam{max-height:120px;background-color:#F3F3F3}}@media only screen and (min-width:975px){.wh_vote_container.qa_vote_buttons .qa_widget_vote_links,.wh_vote_container.qa_vote_buttons .wh_thumb_default{display:none}.wh_thumb_response{display:none}.qa_person_circle,.qa_person_circle-img{max-height:60px;max-width:60px}.qa_expert_area,.qa_user_area{max-height:60px}#intro_ad_1.gam{height:90px}.section .section_text .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}.related-wh-quiz{border:1px solid #dfdfdf;border-radius:5px;position:relative;padding-bottom:31px;width:47%}.related-wh-quiz-button{font-weight:bold;font-size:.9em;padding:0.25em 0.5em;background:#FABC3B;border:none;color:#343434;position:absolute;left:5px;bottom:4px;border-radius:3px}#fa_edge_intro img{max-width:none}.scrolltomarker{height:1px}.w_label{display:inline-block}.wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:25px;display:block}.promopair.wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:0px}#rightrail0_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}.rrdoublewrap{height:2000px}.rrdoubleinner{position:sticky;top:65px}.rightrail_ad{position:sticky;top:65px}.rightrail_ad.rightraildouble_ad{position:relative;top:0}#rightrail1_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail2_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail3_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail4_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail5_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail6_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail7_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail8_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail9_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}.article-promo{display:block;position:relative}.menu_login,.menu_messages{position:absolute;border:1px solid #91af79;margin:0;padding:10px 0;top:71px;z-index:1000;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:none;right:0}.menu_login{padding:15px 25px} #actionbar{display:block}#mw-mf-viewport{min-width:1070px}.header{height:72px;position:relative;border-top:none;max-width:1050px; }.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.header #hamburger_dot{display:none}.header .search{display:block;height:39px}#header_logo{background-position:left 20px;background-size:162px;width:158px;padding-left:0}#hs,#hs_query{width:auto}#hs_query{position:relative;display:block;float:left;border:solid #FFF;border-width:0 0 2px;border-radius:0;font-size:1.25em;background:none;height:auto;width:75%;min-width:200px;padding:9px 7px 4px}#hs_query::placeholder{color:#FFF;opacity:1}#hs_query.reels_search{width:258px}.hs_notif #hs_query,.hs_notif.hs_active #hs_query{margin-right:0}.hs_active .search{padding-right:0}#hs_submit{position:relative;display:inline-block;background-color:#ADC996;border-radius:4px;width:80px;background-position:center;background-size:25px;margin-left:10px}.hs_active #hs_query:valid ~ #hs_submit{display:inline-block}.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs.hs_active{width:auto}.love_button #hs_query,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:75%}#content_wrapper{padding:71px 1em 1em}.header #actions{display:table-cell;padding:0px;margin:0px;border-right:1px solid #89ac6c;display:flex;justify-content:flex-end}.header #actions li{border-left:1px solid #89ac6c;padding:0px;height:72px;list-style:none !important;margin:0px;cursor:pointer;width:72.93px;position:relative;display:table}.header #actions li .nav{font-size:calc(8px + (10 - 8) * ((100vw - 975px) / (1020 - 975)));font-weight:bold;color:#475347;display:block;padding-top:40px;position:relative;text-align:center;z-index:1;line-height:normal;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:auto;width:100%}.header #actions li:hover .nav{color:#2C3C2C;text-decoration:none}.header #actions li .new_bubble{font-size:.7em;padding:0 .5em;margin-left:0}.nav_icon{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:46px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;-webkit-transition:all 0.1s ease-out;transition:all 0.1s ease-out}.nav_item:hover,.nav_item_selected{background-color:#85A669}#nav_explore_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_explore.optimized.svg);background-size:28%}#nav_explore_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_explore_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:31%}#nav_messages_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_messages.optimized.svg);background-size:33%}#nav_messages_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_messages_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:37%}#nav_random_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' height='24' width='24'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h24v24H0zm21.02 19c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-14c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v14z' fill='none'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23475347' d='M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM7.5 18c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S6.67 15 7.5 15s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S8.33 18 7.5 18zm0-9C6.67 9 6 8.33 6 7.5S6.67 6 7.5 6 9 6.67 9 7.5 8.33 9 7.5 9zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm0-9c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S15.67 6 16.5 6s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S17.33 9 16.5 9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:33%}#nav_random_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' height='24' width='24'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h24v24H0zm21.02 19c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-14c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v14z' fill='none'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%232C3C2C' d='M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM7.5 18c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S6.67 15 7.5 15s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S8.33 18 7.5 18zm0-9C6.67 9 6 8.33 6 7.5S6.67 6 7.5 6 9 6.67 9 7.5 8.33 9 7.5 9zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm0-9c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S15.67 6 16.5 6s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S17.33 9 16.5 9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:37%}#nav_quizzes_li .nav_icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' id='Layer_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' x='0' y='0' viewBox='0 0 48 48' style='enable-background:new 0 0 48 48' xml:space='preserve'%3E%3Cstyle%3E.st1%7Bfill:%23465347%7D%3C/style%3E%3Cg id='art'%3E%3Cpath style='fill:none' d='M0 0h48v48H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='m40.6 7.8-14.7-3c-1.6-.3-3.2.7-3.5 2.3l-.7 2.9h2.8l.2-.9 15.2 3.1-.4 1.8-7.2-1.5c.4.7.6 1.5.6 2.4v2.4l5.6 1.2-.4 1.8-5.1-1.1v4.7l4.3.9-.3 1.8-4-.8v4.7l3 .6-.4 1.8-2.6-.6V36l1.7.3c1.6.3 3.2-.7 3.5-2.3l4.7-22.7c.3-1.6-.7-3.2-2.3-3.5zM8 15v26c0 1.7 1.3 3 3 3V12c-1.7 0-3 1.3-3 3z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='M28 12H13v32h15c1.7 0 3-1.3 3-3V15c0-1.7-1.3-3-3-3zm0 5v3.1c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-8c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V17c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8c.9 0 1.6.5 1.9 1.3.1.2.1.5.1.7z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:36%}#nav_quizzes_li:hover .nav_icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' id='Layer_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' x='0' y='0' viewBox='0 0 48 48' style='enable-background:new 0 0 48 48' xml:space='preserve'%3E%3Cstyle%3E.st1%7Bfill:%23465347%7D%3C/style%3E%3Cg id='art'%3E%3Cpath style='fill:none' d='M0 0h48v48H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='m40.6 7.8-14.7-3c-1.6-.3-3.2.7-3.5 2.3l-.7 2.9h2.8l.2-.9 15.2 3.1-.4 1.8-7.2-1.5c.4.7.6 1.5.6 2.4v2.4l5.6 1.2-.4 1.8-5.1-1.1v4.7l4.3.9-.3 1.8-4-.8v4.7l3 .6-.4 1.8-2.6-.6V36l1.7.3c1.6.3 3.2-.7 3.5-2.3l4.7-22.7c.3-1.6-.7-3.2-2.3-3.5zM8 15v26c0 1.7 1.3 3 3 3V12c-1.7 0-3 1.3-3 3z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='M28 12H13v32h15c1.7 0 3-1.3 3-3V15c0-1.7-1.3-3-3-3zm0 5v3.1c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-8c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V17c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8c.9 0 1.6.5 1.9 1.3.1.2.1.5.1.7z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:40%}#random-button{display:none}#nav_profile_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_profile.optimized.svg);background-size:29%}#nav_profile_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_profile_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:32%}#nav_profile_li.nav_member .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/MembershipManager/images/nav_proprofile.svg);background-size:40%;background-position:center 11px}#nav_profile_li.nav_member:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/MembershipManager/images/nav_proprofile_hover.svg);background-size:43%}.menuitem.menu_separator:hover{background-color:#fff}#nav_help_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_help.optimized.svg);background-size:31%}#nav_help_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_help_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:34%}#nav_edit_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_edit.optimized.svg);background-size:31%}#nav_edit_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_edit_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:34%}.menuitem.top_cat{padding-left:25px;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.menuitem.top_cat_new{position:relative}.menuitem.top_cat_new:after{content:'New';position:absolute;right:40px;background:#FF3333;color:#FFF;border-radius:10px;line-height:15px;margin:0;font-size:10px;top:5px;padding:0 6px}.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat_new:after{top:6px;right:20px}.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat_new_short:after{right:55px}#actions #nav_pro_li{border:none;background:#FFF;border-radius:35px;margin:13px 10px 0 0;box-sizing:border-box;height:45px;width:100px}#actions #nav_pro_li.courses{width:90px}#actions #nav_pro_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_pro.svg);background-size:100%;right:16px;width:22px;height:45px}#actions #nav_pro_li.courses .nav_icon{display:none}#actions #nav_pro_li .red_dot{display:none;position:absolute;background:#FF3333;height:10px;width:10px;right:13px;bottom:10px;border-radius:50%}#actions #nav_pro_li .menu{top:50px;border:none;border-radius:15px;padding:12px 0;box-shadow:-2px 4px 4px rgba(122,122,122,0.25)}#actions #nav_pro_li .menu hr{color:#D9D9D9;margin:12px 0}#actions #nav_pro_li.nav_upgrade .nav_icon{display:none}#actions #nav_pro_li.nav_upgrade a{padding:0}#actions #nav_pro_li.nav_upgrade .label{position:static}#actions #nav_pro .label{display:inline-block;background:#FFCF5A;color:#FFF;font-size:1.2em;padding:.25em .6em;position:absolute;left:16px;top:28%;border-radius:5px} .header #secondary-button.user-button,.header #wikipoints_bubble{position:absolute;padding:0;top:-2px;right:-4px;z-index:1}.header #secondary-button.user-button:hover,.header #wikipoints_bubble:hover{text-decoration:none}.header #secondary-button.user-button span,.header #wikipoints_bubble span{font-size:.6em;width:2.2em;height:1.5em;line-height:1.5em;border-radius:1.5em;position:relative}#header_container{height:72px;transform:scaleY(1);transform-origin:top;transition-duration:120ms}#header_top_watch{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;top:3px;left:0}#header_container.shrunken{transform:scaleY(0.5);transform-origin:top;transition-duration:210ms} .header_container.shrunk{height:39px}.header_container.shrunk .header{height:39px}.header_container.shrunk .header #actions .button.tech_newsletter_button{margin-top:5px}.header_container.shrunk .header #secondary-button.user-button,.header_container.shrunk .header #wikipoints_bubble{top:-10px}.header_container.shrunk #header_logo{background-position:left 5px}.header_container.shrunk #hs_query{height:32px}.header_container.shrunk #hs_submit{height:32px;background-size:21px;margin-top:3px}.header_container.shrunk .nav_icon{display:none}.header_container.shrunk .menu,.header_container.shrunk .menu_login,.header_container.shrunk .menu_messages{top:38px}.header_container.shrunk #actions li{height:39px}.header_container.shrunk #actions li .nav{padding:0}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro_li{height:30px;width:77px;margin-top:4px}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro_li .red_dot{display:none !important}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro_li .menu{top:33px}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro .label{position:relative;left:auto;top:auto}.scrollto_wrap{height:90px}#qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:-47px}#warnings .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#aboutthisarticle .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px}#thingsyoullneed .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#expertinterview .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#references .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-42px}#promopair_container.wh_ad_spacing{padding-top:0px}.rtl .method_ad{margin-right:-19px}.rtl #qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-16px}.rtl #intro .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-26px}.rtl .steps .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-21px}.rtl #relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-16px}.qz_container .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:5px}.menu_messages{right:0;font-size:.8em;width:300px;padding:0 0 3px 0}.menu_messages .mw-echo-state{background-color:#EEE}.menu_messages .mw-echo-state:hover{background-color:#F9F9F9}.menu_messages .mw-echo-unread{background-color:#F9F9F9}.menu_messages .mw-echo-content{padding-right:.5em}.menu_message_morelink{text-align:center;padding:5px} .oo-ui-windowManager-modal > .oo-ui-window.oo-ui-dialog{z-index:11}#ca-edit{display:none}.section.aidata{margin-top:-1.5em}.section_text{padding:26px}.step_num{font-size:2.8em;line-height:1em;margin-left:10px}.step{margin:0 30px 0 10px}.summarysection.mwimg,.summarysection .mwimg{margin:-26px -26px 0}#qa{padding:26px}.qa_divider{margin:0 -26px 15px}.qa_sq.qa_editing_aq{margin:0 -26px}#qa_ask_heading{margin-top:0}.references a.external,#site_notice a.external{background:none}#site_notice_x{float:right;display:block;width:14px;height:14px;background:url(/skins/owl/images/article_sprite.png) no-repeat -114px 0;margin:0 0px 10px 10px}#trust_banner{top:72px}#trust_banner > div{max-width:1050px}.shrunk_header #trust_banner{visibility:hidden}.coauthor_link:hover,.eat_tag:hover,.recipe_byline_stars:hover{text-decoration:none}#byline_hover_close{display:none}#coauthor_image:not(.always_show){display:none}#sidebar{display:block;width:300px;min-height:500px;float:right;position:relative}#sidebar .al_dollar:after{top:-16px}#sidebar #cookie_notice{display:none}#sidebar #top_links{padding:30px 15px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;font-size:.65em;font-weight:bold}#sidebar #top_links #gatWriteAnArticle{margin-right:0}#sidebar .sidebox{background-color:#FFF;padding:16px;margin:0 0 15px 0;position:relative;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;color:#686868;font-size:13px;line-height:1.3em}#sidebar .sidebox p{font-size:14px;line-height:17px;margin:12px 0 0}#sidebar .sidebox h3{font-size:13px;font-weight:bold;color:#686868;margin-bottom:11px;padding:0px;background:none}#sidebar .sidebox.short_sidebox{padding-top:10px}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container{background-color:#e8efe1;line-height:25px;text-align:center;border-radius:7px;padding:15px 0 20px 0}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container img{width:64px}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container h4{font-size:20px;color:#444F45;margin:0 25px;padding:0}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container p{font-size:16px;margin:10px 35px;line-height:25px}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container a{background-color:#fff;font-size:16px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox{line-height:normal;padding:0;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .difficult_icon{display:block;margin:.5em auto}#sidebar .arrow_box{position:relative}#sidebar .arrow_box:after,#sidebar .arrow_box:before{right:100%;top:50%;border:solid transparent;content:" ";height:0;width:0;position:absolute;pointer-events:none}#sidebar .arrow_box:before{border:none}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box:after,#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box:before{top:38px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box:after{margin-top:0}#sidebar #aag_sidebox{display:none}#sidebar .arrow_box:after{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-right-color:#FFF;border-width:11px;margin-top:-80px}#sidebar .arrow_box:before{border-color:rgba(229,229,229,0);border-right-color:#e5e5e5;border-width:12px;margin-top:-81px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox h3{margin:0;text-align:left;font-size:11px;background-color:#f6f5f4;padding:4px 1em;width:inherit;-moz-border-radius-topright:4px;-moz-border-radius-topleft:4px;-webkit-border-top-left-radius:4px;-webkit-border-top-right-radius:4px;top-left-border-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box h3{font-size:15px;padding:10px 0 10px 10px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox h4{margin:10px 5px -5px 5px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;background-color:inherit}#sidebar .sp_box{float:left;width:130px;height:75px;position:relative;padding:10px 0 10px 15px}#sidebar .sp_thin_box{width:100%;height:auto;padding:0;display:table}#sidebar .sp_star_section_upper{margin-top:4px;display:inline-block}#sidebar #sp_star_rating_lower{font-size:11px}#sidebar .sp_star_rating_text{font-weight:normal}#sidebar .sp_helpful_box,#sidebar #sp_helpful_new,#sidebar .sp_difficult_box{border-right:1px solid #f3f3f3}#sidebar .sp_difficult_box{padding:10px;text-align:center}#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_star_section_upper,#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_helpful_lower{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_helpful_lower{padding-left:10px}#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_star_container{height:26px;width:26px}#sidebar .sp_top_box{padding:10px;position:relative;background-color:#f0f5ec;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0;border:1px solid #ECEBE8}#sidebar .ar_avatar.generic{border:2px solid #708461}#sidebar .sp_expert_name a{color:#545454}#sidebar .sp_expert_blurb{font-size:12px}#sidebar #social_proof{font-size:11px;line-height:normal;color:#212121;margin:3px 0 30px 0;padding:0 0 5px 0;list-style:none}#sidebar #social_proof li{margin:0 10px 0 0;float:left;line-height:15px;color:#767676}#sidebar #sp_modified{display:inline-block;min-width:70px}#sidebar .sp_circle{border-radius:50%;width:15px;height:15px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:3px;float:left}#sidebar .sp_updated_icon{ background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAAPCAQAAACR313BAAABFElEQVQY00WQwS5DURRFLzGX+ARhLjEUHyG+QvyAmHUmxv6BmJhI/ILeu55HGkUrDSJiQrVoFK/L4LaRMznZ62SffU4gjGuBXdpU9DlhnZmsZjTNBg+IySQy5IiFf7yHGMXCYtzxyHLGmxm27fvtj+/eGk3SYC6wSAejT2rlwIGV+pQdtgM7GG2pQ5smk02/1JZRCLSx7qt65amIp16rXaN0Q6pKr/2ysmVpTl/666dJRiH1Cl9U7VmaxOiFIz9MMgwcJ/HVnmcmsW70eRKuE1jjM1lYmMTSjl11kJ32A4GDvBGjTUdq34ZRflgNBOa5Zxzq3DtvTPnq2uSpS1xOBuoZVdSYmuDALFuc8caIIQ8cspL1P0dFas6MaYbtAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)}#sidebar .sp_updated_icon_sidebar{margin:14px auto 5px auto;position:absolute;left:-2px;right:0;width:22px;height:20px;background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_icon_sidebar.png);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='37.593' height='33.009' viewBox='0 0 37.593 33.009'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' d='M21.089 33.009v-5c6.344 0 11.504-5.161 11.504-11.504S27.433 5 21.089 5 9.584 10.161 9.584 16.504c0 .541.038 1.084.112 1.614l-4.951.694a16.776 16.776 0 0 1-.161-2.309C4.584 7.404 11.988 0 21.089 0s16.504 7.404 16.504 16.504-7.404 16.505-16.504 16.505z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' d='M14.169 17.468l-7.085 7%0A.084L0 17.468z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:cover}#sidebar .sp_text{line-height:17px;font-weight:normal;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;font-size:11px}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text{display:table-cell;padding:8px 3.5%;vertical-align:top}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text:first-child{width:26%;padding-left:6.5%}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text:nth-child(2){width:28%}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text:last-child{width:22%}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text,#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text a{color:#595959}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text_data{display:block;color:#545454}#sidebar .sp_text_data{font-size:12px;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .sp_stats_box.sp_thin_box{width:100%;float:none}#sidebar #sp_stats_sidebox{padding:5px 0}#sidebar #sp_stats_sidebox .sp_text_data{font-size:13px}#sidebar .sp_edit_icon{ background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAAPCAQAAACR313BAAAA6ElEQVQY01XQMUoDYRCG4VHsBY8gsRcsxUOIpxAvIHbpxNo7KDY2gmcw+yaKIijB1YQEG9EkKhgk+1r8WbOZr5uHGYYJYpoaR7SZMOKSHZZSN9Eiu3TxP2POqc34uEI2bIj02Ei8V8Ur2z6ZidyxEqyRVzG3UHtpw0FwWMVnC1WHaZ6gPcMXU317m/gjmJQHdab45U1aLUUwRMzsT/HT6xJlHFxgwwf7/qgjWzOUPNjmO/PVR3MH8ygnQXCa+e6bbZvpoDK/bAXBKp2mmM2j1MunrnPPPE2os1BysMw+LQYUjOlyxmbq/wEA8mibiYqo7QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)}#sidebar .sp_edit_icon_sidebar{margin:15px auto 5px auto;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;width:18px;height:18px;background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_edit_icon_sidebar.png); background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='19.813' height='19.82' viewBox='0 0 19.813 19.82'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' d='M19.801 4.792l-6.398 6.397L6.042 18.5 0 19.82l1.269-6.092 7.362-7.311L15.028.02s1.371-.305 3.199 1.523c1.828 1.877 1.574 3.249 1.574 3.249zM6.296 17.18s-.051-1.117-1.32-2.386c-1.219-1.269-2.387-1.269-2.387-1.269l-.558.609-.457 2.031c.355.203.761.457 1.167.863.457.457.711.812.914 1.219l2.031-.457.61-.61z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:cover}#sidebar #sp_section_name{color:#545454;font-size:11px;padding-bottom:6px}#sidebar .sp_nonverifier_text > div{font-size:13px}#sidebar .sp_popup_container{top:110px;left:-20px;position:absolute;z-index:100000007;display:none}#sidebar .hint_box{min-width:150px;max-width:180px;position:relative;background:#FFF;border:3px solid;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.13);border-radius:4px;font-weight:normal;padding:9px;-moz-background-clip:padding; -webkit-background-clip:padding; background-clip:padding-box}#sidebar .hint_box p{font-size:12px;line-height:normal;margin:0;text-align:left}#sidebar .hint_box:after,#sidebar .hint_box:before{left:50%;border:solid transparent;content:" ";height:0;width:0;position:absolute;pointer-events:none}#sidebar .hint_box:after{top:-19px;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-bottom-color:#FFF;border-width:10px;margin-left:-10px}#sidebar .hint_box:before{top:-24px;border-bottom-color:#d5d5d5;border-width:12px;margin-left:-12px;-moz-background-clip:padding; -webkit-background-clip:padding; background-clip:padding-box}#sidebar .noarrow:after,#sidebar .noarrow:before{display:none}#sidebar .sp_helpful_rating_count,#sidebar #sp_helpful_text_sidebox{font-size:11px;font-weight:normal;color:#595959}#sidebar #sp_helpful_text_sidebox{margin-top:5px}#sidebar .helpfulness_text{font-size:12px;color:#545454;padding:4px 0 8px}#sidebar .sp_star_container{position:relative;width:21px;height:21px;float:left;border-right:2px solid transparent; background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_helpful_icon_star_empty.optimized.svg) 0 0 cover no-repeat}#sidebar .social_sidebox{background-color:#FFF;padding:0}#sidebar .social_sidebox h3{margin:0;text-align:left;font-size:11px;background-color:#f6f5f4;padding:4px 1em;width:inherit;-moz-border-radius-topright:4px;-moz-border-radius-topleft:4px;-webkit-border-top-left-radius:4px;-webkit-border-top-right-radius:4px;top-left-border-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}#sidebar .sp_helpful_box.helpful_sidebox{float:none;border-right:none;width:auto;height:auto;padding:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e7}#sidebar .sp_helpful_statement{font-size:13px;margin-bottom:5px}#sidebar .sp_helpful_statement span{font-size:18px;font-weight:bold}#sidebar #sp_icon_header{background-color:#7fa065;color:#FFF;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding:8px 25px}#sidebar #byline_hover_body{padding:10px 25px}#sidebar #byline_hover_body a{font-weight:bold}#sidebar #byline_hover_body .sp_expert_icon{width:20px;height:20px;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-4px}#sidebar #side_related_articles{padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:8px}#sidebar #side_related_articles_larger .related-article{width:100%;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:4%}#sidebar #side_related_articles .related-article{margin-right:4%;margin-bottom:10px;width:45%}#sidebar #side_related_articles .related-title{bottom:4px}#sidebar .rr_container #side_related_articles{margin-top:10px;width:300px;box-sizing:border-box}#sidebar .rr_container{padding-bottom:15px;position:relative}#sidebar .rr_container.nofixed .w_label{background-color:#ecebe8}#sidebar #userreviews{line-height:normal;margin:3px 0 15px 0;padding:0;color:#686868;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;position:relative;background-color:white;max-width:300px}#sidebar .ur_review{margin-bottom:1px;background-color:#fff;padding:15px 20px;border-radius:4px}#sidebar .ur_review_text{position:relative;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:#545454;margin-top:7px}#sidebar .ur_nav_container{background-color:#FFF;margin-top:-6px;padding:0px 20px 15px;min-height:1em;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px}#sidebar .ur_share{float:right;font-weight:normal}#sidebar .ur_share_recipes{display:block;font-size:15px;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .ur_nav{display:block}#sidebar .ur_nav_staff{display:block;background:#f3f3f3;padding:5px}#sidebar .ur_even_more{display:none}#sidebar .ur_hide{display:none}#sidebar .ur_author .ur_name{font-size:13px;color:#545454;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .ur_review .ur_date{font-size:11px;color:#9c9c9c}#sidebar .ur_review p{margin-top:0px}#sidebar .ur_avatar{width:36px;height:36px;display:inline-block;border-radius:16%;margin-right:5px;vertical-align:bottom;overflow:hidden}#sidebar #sidebar_share{text-align:center}#sidebar #sidebar_share h3{text-align:left;padding-bottom:5px}#sidebar #sidebar_share > div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;margin-right:10px}#sidebar #sidebar_share > div.admin_state{margin:0px 3px -4px -1px}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.like_button{margin-bottom:-8px}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.like_button_es{margin-right:0px}#sidebar #sidebar_share #pinterest{margin-right:3px}#sidebar #sidebar_share #pinterest a{ direction:ltr}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.email_share{margin-left:4px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:-6px}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.email_share a{display:inline-block;position:relative;z-index:10}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.email_share img{cursor:pointer}#sidebar .fb_iframe_widget iframe{width:auto;position:absolute}#userreviews_mobile{display:none}#aboutthisarticle > .section_text,#aboutthisarticle .sp_top_box,#aboutthisarticle #sp_expert_desc,#aboutthisarticle .sp_box{padding:15px 26px}#aboutthisarticle .sp_difficult_box{padding:15px 0 0}#aboutthisarticle .sp_top_icon_bg{left:26px}#aboutthisarticle #endoptions{border-radius:0}#aboutthisarticle .page_stats{font-size:1.1em;padding:1.6em 26px}#aboutthisarticle #summary_text{border-bottom:none;margin-bottom:0}.no_sidebar #content_inner{float:none;max-width:1050px}#content_inner{float:left}.full_width #content_wrapper,.full_width #content_inner{max-width:initial}#footer_inner{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;max-width:1070px;align-items:start;margin-top:10px;column-gap:2%}.footer_divider,#footer_logo,#footer_crumbs{grid-column:span 2}#footer_top_divider{display:initial}#footer_bottom_divider{display:none}#footer_vertical_divider{display:none}a.rr_newsletter_button{display:block;text-align:center;padding:4px;border-radius:7px;border:1px solid #94B778;color:#94B778;font-weight:bold}#rr_newsletter{padding:0px !important;line-height:25px;margin-bottom:20px}#rr_newsletter #rr_newsletter_signup{margin:auto;width:80%}#search_footer{grid-column:1 / 1;grid-row:span 1;min-width:265px;width:100%}#footer_links{grid-column:2 / span 1;grid-row:span 2;margin:0 0 0 50px;padding-left:1em;text-align:center}#footer_links ul{margin-top:-5px;-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2;-webkit-column-gap:.5em;-moz-column-gap:.5em;column-gap:.5em;margin-right:0}#footer_links li{margin-right:25px}.steps_list_2 .mwimg.largeimage{margin-bottom:20px}#qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;width:728px}#side_featured_articles .text{background-color:rgba(50,50,50,0.5);padding:2% 4%;width:92.75%;min-height:32px;position:absolute;bottom:0;cursor:pointer;color:#fff;font-weight:bold}#side_featured_articles .text:hover{background:white}#side_featured_contributor .bottom_button{text-align:center}#side_featured_contributor .bottom_button .button{margin:.1em 0;display:inline-block}#fc_id_img{float:left;margin-right:.8em}.thumbnail a:hover p{color:#2483ef}.sidebox .thumbnail p{font-size:12px !important}.sidebox .thumbnail p span{font-size:13px !important}#gdpr{padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px}#gdpr_text{font-size:13px;margin-left:-85px}#gdpr_cp_link{top:0px}.s-help-response{padding-left:10px;cursor:pointer;border:none;font-size:16px;font-family:Helvetica,arial,sans-serif;color:#363;background:none}.s-help-wrap{position:relative;width:50%;top:25%;left:25%;right:25%;display:block;background-color:#fff;padding:0 20px 15px 15px;border:1px solid #93b874;border-top:none}.s-help-response:hover{text-decoration:underline;background-color:inherit;border:none}#introad-outer > .gptlight{width:728px;height:90px}.s-help-wrap > .s-help-feedback-wrap{padding-bottom:30px}.s-help-feedback-wrap{display:none}#sample_loading{display:initial}#footer_newsletter{display:initial;margin:-25px 0 0 40px;min-width:200px;grid-row:2 / span 4;text-align:left}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_title{font-size:18px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email{box-sizing:initial;padding:5px 10px;font-size:14px;width:170px;border-radius:5px}#footer_newsletter a#footer_subscribe_button{box-sizing:initial;margin:initial;padding:2px 5px;border-radius:5px;font-size:initial;width:182px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_notice{width:180px;margin:5px 0;font-size:12px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1020px){.header #actions li .nav{font-size:10px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1020px){.menu.explore_menu{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.explore_menu .menuitem,.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat{width:218px}}</style> <script>window.WH.proMembership=0;</script> <script>window.WH.jsFastRender=0;</script> <script>window.WH.pageName='Accueil'; window.WH.pageID=5; window.WH.pageNamespace=0; window.WH.pageLang='fr'; window.WH.isMobile=1; window.WH.stuCount=1; window.WH.isAltDomain=0; window.WH.topCat1=''; window.WH.topCat2=''; window.WH.bucket=7; window.WH.isDev=0; window.WH.isAnon=1 == 1; window.WH.userType='anon'; window.WH.isUserWithAds=0 == 1; window.WH.wgCategories=[];</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://www.wikihow.com/images/7/71/Wh-logo.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@wikihow"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="wikiHow - How to do anything"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="wikiHow"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://fr.wikihow.com/Accueil"/> <meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="wikiHow"/> <meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="309209200"/> <meta name="twitter:app:url:iphone" content="wikihow://article?id=5"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://fr.wikihow.com/Accueil"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.wikihow.com/Main-Page"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://ar.wikihow.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="cs" href="https://www.wikihow.cz/Hlavn%C3%AD-strana"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://de.wikihow.com/Hauptseite"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://es.wikihow.com/Portada"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fa" href="https://www.wikihowfarsi.com/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hi" href="https://hi.wikihow.com/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="id" href="https://id.wikihow.com/Halaman-Utama"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://www.wikihow.it/Pagina-principale"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://www.wikihow.jp/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ko" href="https://ko.wikihow.com/%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="nl" href="https://nl.wikihow.com/Hoofdpagina"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://pt.wikihow.com/P%C3%A1gina-principal"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://ru.wikihow.com/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="th" href="https://th.wikihow.com/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tr" href="https://www.wikihow.com.tr/Anasayfa"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="vi" href="https://www.wikihow.vn/Trang-Ch%C3%ADnh"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikihow.com/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5"/> <script>(function(){var wh=window.WH=(window.WH||{}),ok=typeof window.addEventListener=='function',d=document,e='event_tracker_ready';wh.largeEvent=function(z,y){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.largeEvent(z,y)})};wh.event=function(z,y){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.event(z,y)})} wh.largeEventView=function(z,y,x,w,v,u){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.largeEventView(z,y,x,w,v,u)})};wh.eventView=function(z,y,x,w,v,u){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.eventView(z,y,x,w,v,u)})}})();</script>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Accueil rootpage-Accueil rootpage-intl stable page-Main_Page skin-minervawh action-view contribute_test0"><script>WH.gaType = "mobile"; WH.gaID = "UA-2375655-1"; WH.gaConfig = {"extraPropertyIds":[],"v4PropertyId":"G-16HVC26NH6","mainv4PropertyId":"G-5VNCK4B0SE"}; </script><div id="header_container" class="header_container" data-responsive="1"><a id="skip-main" tabindex="1">Skip to Content</a><div id="header" class="header" role="navigation"><a href="#" title="Ouvrir le menu principal" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" class="mainmenu element main-menu-button"></a><a id="header_logo" href="/Accueil"></a><div id="hs"><form action="/wikiHowTo" class="search" target="_top" id="search_form_top"><input id="hs_query" role="textbox" tabindex="0" name="search" aria-label="Recherchez ici" required="" placeholder="" x-webkit-speech=""><button type="submit" id="hs_submit" name="Search"></button><div id="hs_close" role="button" tabindex="-1"></div></form></div><ul id="actions" role="menubar" aria-label="Barre de navigation"><li id="nav_pro_li" class="nav_item courses" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_pro"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_pro" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#" data-link="/Cours/Explorer"><div class="label">COURS</div></a></li><li id="nav_explore_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_explore"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_explore" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#">EXPLORER</a><div class="menu" role="menu"> <a href="/wikiHow:En-savoir-plus-au-sujet-de-wikiHow" class="menuitem " > À propos de wikiHow </a> <a href="/wikiHow:Communaut%C3%A9" class="menuitem " > Tableau de bord communautaire </a> <a href="/Sp%C3%A9cial:Randomizer" class="menuitem " > Au hasard </a> <a href="/Sp%C3%A9cial:CategoryListing" class="menuitem " > Catégories </a> </div> </li><li id="nav_profile_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_profile"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_profile" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#wh-dialog-login" rel="nofollow" data-link="#wh-dialog-login">CONNEXION</a><div class="menu_login" role="menu"> <div name="userlogin" class="userlogin"> <h3>Connectez-vous</h3> <div id='social-login-navbar' data-return-to=''> <label class='social-disabled'>Il n'est pas possible de se connecter à travers les réseaux sociaux en mode de navigation privée. Pour continuer, merci de vous connecter avec votre nom d'utilisateur(rice) et votre mot de passe.</label> <div id="fb_connect_head"> <a id="fb_login_head" href="#" role="button" class="ulb_button ulb_social_button loading" aria-label="Connectez-vous avec Facebook"> <span class="ulb_icon"></span> <span class="ulb_label">Facebook</span> </a> </div> <div id="gplus_connect_head"> <a id="gplus_login_head" href="#" role="button" class="ulb_button ulb_social_button loading" aria-label="Connectez-vous avec Google"> <span class="ulb_icon"></span> <span class="ulb_label">Google</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <a href="#wh-dialog-login" role="button" id="wh_login_head" class="ulb_button ulb_login" aria-label="Connectez-vous"><span class="ulb_icon"></span><span class="ulb_label">Compte wikiHow</span></a> </div> <div class="userlogin_links"> Vous n'avez pas encore de compte ? <a href="/Spécial:UserLogin?type=signup">Créez un compte</a> </div> </div> </div> </li><li id="nav_random_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_random"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_random" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#" data-link="/Sp%C3%A9cial:Randomizer">ALÉATOIRE</a></li></ul></div></div><div id="header_container_small" class="header_container shrunk"></div><div id="header_top_watch"></div><div id="mw-mf-viewport" class="no_sidebar"><div id="mw-mf-page-left"><ul id="mobile_menu"><li class="icon-home"><a href="/Accueil">Accueil</a></li><li id="randomButton" class="icon-random"><a href="/Sp%C3%A9cial:Randomizer">Au hasard</a></li><li id="icon-categories" class="icon-categories"><a href="/Sp%C3%A9cial:CategoryListing">Parcourez les catégories</a></li><li id="icon-courses" class="icon-courses"><a href="/Cours/Explorer">Cours</a></li><li id="icon-aboutwikihow" class="icon-aboutwikihow"><a href="/wikiHow:En-savoir-plus-au-sujet-de-wikiHow">En savoir plus au sujet de wikiHow</a></li></ul><ul><li class="icon-anon"><a href="#wh-dialog-login">Connexion/Inscription</a></li></ul><div class="mw-mf-display-toggle"><a href="/wikiHow:R%C3%A8gles" class="gdpr-menu">Règles</a></div></div><div id="mw-mf-page-center"><div id="siteNotice"></div><script>WH.hp_images = (function () { "use strict"; function error(img) { if (img.src && img.src.includes("mag_blue.jpg") ) { return; } img.src = '/images/thumb/e/e5/Default_mag_blue.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-Default_mag_blue.jpg'; } return { 'error' :error, }; })(); </script><div id="hp_container_outer" class=" "> <div id="hp_container_inner"> <span id="defaultHomepage" > <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/books3.webp 582w, /extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/books2.webp 1164w" sizes="(max-width: 728px) 290px" /> <source type="image/png" srcset="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/books3.png 582w, /extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/books2.png 1164w" sizes="(max-width: 728px) 290px" /> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/books2.png" class="top_img" loading="lazy" id="hp_books" /> </picture> <h1>Bienvenue sur wikiHow, le site de tutoriels le plus fiable d'internet.</h1> <p>Qu'allez-vous découvrir sur wikiHow aujourd'hui ?</p> <div class="search_container"> <div class="search"> <form action="/wikiHowTo" id="cse-search-box" _lpchecked="1"> <div> <label for="hp_search" id="hp_search_label"></label> <input type="text" id="hp_search" name="search" value="" x-webkit-speech="" placeholder="Rechercher comment..."> <input type="submit" value="" class="cse_sa" alt="" name="Search"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </span> </div> </div> <div id="content_wrapper" role="main"><script type="application/json" id="adDataConfig">{"scrolltoRootLoadingMargin":"0px 0px 1500px 0px","scrolltoLoadingCheck":800}</script><div id="content_inner"><script>if (typeof mw != 'undefined') { mw.mobileFrontend.emit( 'header-loaded' ); }</script><div id="bodyContent" class="content"><div id="mw-content-text" lang="fr" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div id="hp_coauthor" class="hp_narrow"> <h3><img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/coauthor2.svg" loading="lazy" />Articles coécrits par des experts(es)</h3> <div id="hp_coauthor_container" class="hp_standard_grid"> <div class="hp_thumb "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/inspecter-vos-ganglions-lymphatiques"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/3/3c/Check-Lymph-Nodes-Step-12.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Check-Lymph-Nodes-Step-12.jpg" id="674718dc148c4"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc148c4')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/3/3c/Check-Lymph-Nodes-Step-12.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Check-Lymph-Nodes-Step-12.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">inspecter vos ganglions lymphatiques</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb quiz_article "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/quel-est-mon-type-de-corps-Kibbe-quiz"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/49/Kibbe_body_type_quiz.png/-crop-375-250-375px-Kibbe_body_type_quiz.png" id="674718dc17698"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc17698')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/49/Kibbe_body_type_quiz.png/-crop-375-250-375px-Kibbe_body_type_quiz.png" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Quiz</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Quel est mon type de corps Kibbe ? Test</p> <button class="thumb_cta_button">Faites le quiz</button> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/s%27habiller-pour-une-audience"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7f/Dress-for-a-Court-Hearing-Step-16-Version-2.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Dress-for-a-Court-Hearing-Step-16-Version-2.jpg" id="674718dc18f3c"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc18f3c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7f/Dress-for-a-Court-Hearing-Step-16-Version-2.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Dress-for-a-Court-Hearing-Step-16-Version-2.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">s'habiller pour une audience</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb quiz_article "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/Suis-je-pr%C3%AAt(e)-pour-une-relation-quiz"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/ad/Canva-girl-hand-chin-smartphone.jpg/-crop-375-250-375px-Canva-girl-hand-chin-smartphone.jpg" id="674718dc1b10f"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc1b10f')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/ad/Canva-girl-hand-chin-smartphone.jpg/-crop-375-250-375px-Canva-girl-hand-chin-smartphone.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Quiz</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Quiz : suis-je prêt(e) pour une relation ?</p> <button class="thumb_cta_button">Faites le quiz</button> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/d%C3%A9sintoxiquer-naturellement-les-poumons"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2e/Detox-Your-Lungs-Naturally-Step-19-Version-3.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Detox-Your-Lungs-Naturally-Step-19-Version-3.jpg" id="674718dc1c921"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc1c921')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2e/Detox-Your-Lungs-Naturally-Step-19-Version-3.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Detox-Your-Lungs-Naturally-Step-19-Version-3.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">désintoxiquer naturellement les poumons</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb quiz_article "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/quelle-%C3%A9motion-humaine-me-caract%C3%A9rise-quiz"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/45/Human-emotion.png/-crop-375-250-374px-Human-emotion.png" id="674718dc1eee9"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc1eee9')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/45/Human-emotion.png/-crop-375-250-374px-Human-emotion.png" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Quiz</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Test : quelle émotion humaine me caractérise ?</p> <button class="thumb_cta_button">Faites le quiz</button> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="hp_popular" class="hp_narrow"> <h3><img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/popular2.svg" loading="lazy" />À la une</h3> <div id="hp_popular_container" class="hp_standard_grid cat_grid" data-key="0" data-filter="trending" > <div class="hp_thumb "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/savoir-qui-a-partag%C3%A9-mes-publications-sur-Facebook"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/ac/See-Who-Shared-Your-Facebook-Post-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-See-Who-Shared-Your-Facebook-Post-Step-4-Version-2.jpg" id="674718dc2052d"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc2052d')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/ac/See-Who-Shared-Your-Facebook-Post-Step-4-Version-2.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-See-Who-Shared-Your-Facebook-Post-Step-4-Version-2.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">savoir qui a partagé mes publications sur Facebook</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/faire-cuire-des-saucisses"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/9f/Cook-Sausages-Step-20-Version-6.jpg/-crop-375-250-375px-nowatermark-Cook-Sausages-Step-20-Version-6.jpg" id="674718dc21bec"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc21bec')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/9f/Cook-Sausages-Step-20-Version-6.jpg/-crop-375-250-375px-nowatermark-Cook-Sausages-Step-20-Version-6.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">faire cuire des saucisses</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/faire-cuire-une-courge-spaghetti-au-four"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2e/Bake-Spaghetti-Squash-Step-12-Version-4.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Bake-Spaghetti-Squash-Step-12-Version-4.jpg" id="674718dc2331b"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc2331b')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2e/Bake-Spaghetti-Squash-Step-12-Version-4.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Bake-Spaghetti-Squash-Step-12-Version-4.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">faire cuire une courge spaghetti au four</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/vous-d%C3%A9barrasser-de-la-malchance"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/47/Get-Rid-of-Bad-Luck-Step-16-Version-2.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Get-Rid-of-Bad-Luck-Step-16-Version-2.jpg" id="674718dc24892"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc24892')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/47/Get-Rid-of-Bad-Luck-Step-16-Version-2.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Get-Rid-of-Bad-Luck-Step-16-Version-2.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">vous débarrasser de la malchance</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/combiner-deux-colonnes-dans-Excel"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1e/Combine-Two-Columns-in-Excel-Step-23.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Combine-Two-Columns-in-Excel-Step-23.jpg" id="674718dc26052"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc26052')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1e/Combine-Two-Columns-in-Excel-Step-23.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Combine-Two-Columns-in-Excel-Step-23.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Comment combiner des colonnes dans Excel sans perdre de données</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/traiter-une-l%C3%A8vre-enfl%C3%A9e"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/ce/Heal-a-Swollen-Lip-Step-15.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Heal-a-Swollen-Lip-Step-15.jpg" id="674718dc27727"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc27727')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/ce/Heal-a-Swollen-Lip-Step-15.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Heal-a-Swollen-Lip-Step-15.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">traiter une lèvre enflée</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="hp_trustworthy"> <div class="hp_narrow"> <h2>wikiHow est l'endroit où la recherche approfondie et les connaissances des experts(es) s'unissent.</h2> <p>Depuis 2005, wikiHow a aidé des milliards de personnes à apprendre comment résoudre de petits et grands problèmes. Nous travaillons avec des experts accrédités, une équipe de chercheurs(ses) entrainée, et une communauté dévouée, pour créer les tutoriels les plus fiables, les plus complets et les plus agréables d'internet.</p> <ul> <li> <span><img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/writers.png" loading="lazy" /></span> <p><strong>Authentique</strong><br />90 000 articles documentés académiquement</p> </li> <li> <span><img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/expert.png" loading="lazy" /></span> <p><strong>Fiable</strong><br />500 experts(es) coauteurs(es) de 30 000 articles</p> </li> </ul> <a href="/wikiHow:Fournir-des-informations-confiables">Informez-vous sur notre procédure éditoriale</a> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="hp_narrow"> <div id="hp_narrow_top"> </div> <div id="hp_categories"> <div class="wh_ad_inner rr_container wh_ad_active" data-service="adsense" data-slot="8920522022" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-instantload="1" data-large="1" data-pagetype="main" data-observerloading="1" data-type="main-rr"><div id="mp_rr_ad" class="w_label al_grey"></div></div> <h3><img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/categories2.svg" loading="lazy" />Parcourir les catégories</h3> <ul id="hp_categories_list"> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Arts-et-loisirs"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/arts_and_entertainment.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Arts et loisirs</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Voitures-et-autres-v%C3%A9hicules"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/cars_and_other_vehicles.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Voitures et autres véhicules</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Ordinateurs-et-l%27%C3%A9lectronique"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/computers_and_electronics.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Ordinateurs et l'électronique</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Communication-et-%C3%89ducation"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/education_and_communication.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Communication et éducation</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Vie-de-la-famille"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/family_life.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Vie de la famille</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Finances-et-affaires"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/finance_and_business.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Finances et affaires</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cuisine-et-gastronomie"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/food_and_entertaining.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Cuisine et gastronomie</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sant%C3%A9"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/health.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Santé</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Passetemps"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/hobbies_and_crafts.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Passetemps</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Maison-et-jardin"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/home_and_garden.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Maison et jardin</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:F%C3%AAtes-et-traditions"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/holidays_and_tradition.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Fêtes et traditions</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Soin-et-style-de-vie"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/personal_care_and_style.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Soin et style de vie</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Animaux-et-Animaux-de-Compagnie"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/pets_and_animals.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Animaux et Animaux de Compagnie</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Philosophie-et-religion"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/philosophy_and_religion.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Philosophie et religion</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Relations-Sociales"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/relationships.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Relations sociales</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sports-et-mise-en-forme"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/sports_and_fitness.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Sports et mise en forme</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Voyages"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/travel.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Voyages</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Monde-du-travail-et-de-l%27emploi"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/work_world.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Monde du travail et de l'emploi</span> </a> </li> <li class="cat_icon"> <a href="/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Jeunesse"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/categories/images/youth.svg" loading="lazy" /> <span>Jeunesse</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="hp_featured"> <h3><img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/featured2.svg" loading="lazy" />Articles tendance</h3> <div id="hp_featured_container"> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/r%C3%A9diger-un-message-pour-s%C3%A9duire-et-flirter-avec-un-gar%C3%A7on"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1d/Seductive-Flirty-Messages-to-Send-to-a-Guy-Step-6.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Seductive-Flirty-Messages-to-Send-to-a-Guy-Step-6.jpg" id="674718dc43b34"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc43b34')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/1d/Seductive-Flirty-Messages-to-Send-to-a-Guy-Step-6.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Seductive-Flirty-Messages-to-Send-to-a-Guy-Step-6.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">130 messages sexys, doux et séduisants pour lui</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/flirter-avec-une-fille-en-lui-faisant-des-compliments"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7f/Flirty-Compliments-for-a-Girl-Step-8.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Flirty-Compliments-for-a-Girl-Step-8.jpg" id="674718dc45465"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc45465')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7f/Flirty-Compliments-for-a-Girl-Step-8.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Flirty-Compliments-for-a-Girl-Step-8.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">100 choses coquines à dire à une fille pour améliorer son amour-propre</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/jouer-%C3%A0-un-jeu-d%27action-ou-v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9-os%C3%A9-entre-amis"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a0/Truth-or-Dare-Adults-Step-10.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Truth-or-Dare-Adults-Step-10.jpg" id="674718dc46d6f"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc46d6f')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a0/Truth-or-Dare-Adults-Step-10.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Truth-or-Dare-Adults-Step-10.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Les meilleures questions et défis d'action ou vérité pour adultes</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/poser-des-question-dans-le-jeu-%C3%A0-boire-Truth-or-Drink"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b7/Truth-or-Drink-Questions-Step-12.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Truth-or-Drink-Questions-Step-12.jpg" id="674718dc48902"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc48902')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b7/Truth-or-Drink-Questions-Step-12.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Truth-or-Drink-Questions-Step-12.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">La liste ultime des questions pour le jeu « vérité ou bois »</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb quiz_article "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/suis-je-autiste-quiz"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7d/LR22-D-Amirra-Thinks-Creatively.png/-crop-375-250-375px-LR22-D-Amirra-Thinks-Creatively.png" id="674718dc4b0bb"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc4b0bb')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7d/LR22-D-Amirra-Thinks-Creatively.png/-crop-375-250-375px-LR22-D-Amirra-Thinks-Creatively.png" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Quiz</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Serais-je autiste ? Quiz</p> <button class="thumb_cta_button">Faites le quiz</button> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/faire-en-sorte-que-le-jeu-Je-n%27ai-jamais-soit-le-plus-int%C3%A9ressant-possible"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/68/Never-Have-I-Ever-Questions-Juicy-Step-13.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Never-Have-I-Ever-Questions-Juicy-Step-13.jpg" id="674718dc4c887"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc4c887')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/68/Never-Have-I-Ever-Questions-Juicy-Step-13.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Never-Have-I-Ever-Questions-Juicy-Step-13.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">225 questions croustillantes pour pimenter le jeu « Je n'ai jamais »</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/souhaiter-un-joyeux-premier-anniversaire-%C3%A0-un-gar%C3%A7on"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/4c/Happy-First-Birthday-Boy-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Happy-First-Birthday-Boy-Step-9.jpg" id="674718dc4deea"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc4deea')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/4c/Happy-First-Birthday-Boy-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Happy-First-Birthday-Boy-Step-9.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">90 citations mignonnes, blagues et souhaits de joyeux anniversaire pour un bébé garçon</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb quiz_article "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/quel-animal-suis-je-quiz"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/ba/What_animal_are_you_quiz.png/-crop-375-250-375px-What_animal_are_you_quiz.png" id="674718dc50f5d"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc50f5d')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/ba/What_animal_are_you_quiz.png/-crop-375-250-375px-What_animal_are_you_quiz.png" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Quiz</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Test : quel animal suis-je ?</p> <button class="thumb_cta_button">Faites le quiz</button> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/poser-des-questions-romantiques-%C3%A0-votre-petit%E2%80%90ami-pour-le-faire-rire"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/9d/Romantic-Questions-to-Ask-Your-Boyfriend-to-Make-Him-Laugh-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Romantic-Questions-to-Ask-Your-Boyfriend-to-Make-Him-Laugh-Step-9.jpg" id="674718dc52aea"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc52aea')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/9d/Romantic-Questions-to-Ask-Your-Boyfriend-to-Make-Him-Laugh-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Romantic-Questions-to-Ask-Your-Boyfriend-to-Make-Him-Laugh-Step-9.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">150 questions romantiques et drôles pour faire rire votre petit-ami</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb quiz_article "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/suis-je-dou%C3%A9-pour-embrasser-quiz"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d1/Are_you_a_good_kisser_quiz.png/-crop-375-250-375px-Are_you_a_good_kisser_quiz.png" id="674718dc54e94"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc54e94')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d1/Are_you_a_good_kisser_quiz.png/-crop-375-250-375px-Are_you_a_good_kisser_quiz.png" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Quiz</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Quiz : est-ce que j'embrasse bien ?</p> <button class="thumb_cta_button">Faites le quiz</button> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/r%C3%A9diger-une-bio-Facebook"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/69/Facebook-Bio-Step-14.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Facebook-Bio-Step-14.jpg" id="674718dc565e6"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc565e6')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/69/Facebook-Bio-Step-14.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Facebook-Bio-Step-14.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Comment faire une bio Facebook : plus de 200 exemples engageants (et des conseils d'écriture)</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/poser-des-questions-de-v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9-croustillantes"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c5/Juicy-Truth-Questions-Step-15.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Juicy-Truth-Questions-Step-15.jpg" id="674718dc57fda"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc57fda')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c5/Juicy-Truth-Questions-Step-15.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Juicy-Truth-Questions-Step-15.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Les 280 meilleures questions d'action ou vérité pour épicer votre prochaine nuit de jeu</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/interpr%C3%A9ter-les-diff%C3%A9rents-%C3%A9mojis-de-main"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/0c/Hand-Emoji-Meanings-Step-38.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Hand-Emoji-Meanings-Step-38.jpg" id="674718dc598ca"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc598ca')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/0c/Hand-Emoji-Meanings-Step-38.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Hand-Emoji-Meanings-Step-38.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Que signifient tous les différents émojis de mains ?</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/souhaiter-un-joyeux-anniversaire-%C3%A0-son-petit-ami"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/8d/Birthday-Wishes-for-Boyfriend-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Birthday-Wishes-for-Boyfriend-Step-9.jpg" id="674718dc5af86"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc5af86')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/8d/Birthday-Wishes-for-Boyfriend-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Birthday-Wishes-for-Boyfriend-Step-9.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">85 messages d'anniversaire drôles, romantiques et sympas pour votre petit ami</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/lui-dire-bonjour-par-SMS-le-matin-et-la-faire-sourire"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/63/Good-Morning-Message-to-Make-Her-Smile-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Good-Morning-Message-to-Make-Her-Smile-Step-9.jpg" id="674718dc5c5c1"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc5c5c1')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/6/63/Good-Morning-Message-to-Make-Her-Smile-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Good-Morning-Message-to-Make-Her-Smile-Step-9.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">100 textes pour elle pour lui dire bonjour (et la faire sourire)</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/%C3%A9crire-des-SMS-%C3%A0-son-petit-ami-pour-lui-manquer"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/f4/Make-Him-Miss-You-Like-Crazy-over-Text-Step-12.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Make-Him-Miss-You-Like-Crazy-over-Text-Step-12.jpg" id="674718dc5dba0"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc5dba0')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/f4/Make-Him-Miss-You-Like-Crazy-over-Text-Step-12.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Make-Him-Miss-You-Like-Crazy-over-Text-Step-12.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">12 manières de lui manquer comme un fou par message (avec des exemples)</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb quiz_article "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/suis-je-intelligent-quiz"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a2/Am_i_smart_quiz.png/-crop-375-250-375px-Am_i_smart_quiz.png" id="674718dc60478"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc60478')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a2/Am_i_smart_quiz.png/-crop-375-250-375px-Am_i_smart_quiz.png" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Quiz</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Test : suis-je intelligent(e) ?</p> <button class="thumb_cta_button">Faites le quiz</button> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/savoir-pourquoi-ma-machine-Nespresso-clignote-en-rouge"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/78/Why-Is-My-Nespresso-Blinking-Red-Step-11.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Why-Is-My-Nespresso-Blinking-Red-Step-11.jpg" id="674718dc61cc5"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc61cc5')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/78/Why-Is-My-Nespresso-Blinking-Red-Step-11.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Why-Is-My-Nespresso-Blinking-Red-Step-11.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Que faire quand votre machine Nespresso a une lumière rouge qui clignote</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/connaitre-la-signification-spirituelle-de-voir-un-hibou-la-nuit"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/11/Seeing-an-Owl-at-Night-Spiritual-Meaning-Step-18.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Seeing-an-Owl-at-Night-Spiritual-Meaning-Step-18.jpg" id="674718dc63504"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc63504')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/11/Seeing-an-Owl-at-Night-Spiritual-Meaning-Step-18.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Seeing-an-Owl-at-Night-Spiritual-Meaning-Step-18.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">12 significations spirituelles de voir un hibou la nuit</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/choisir-une-coupe-wolf-pour-les-hommes"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2e/Wolf-Cut-Men-Step-21.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Wolf-Cut-Men-Step-21.jpg" id="674718dc64bb1"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc64bb1')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2e/Wolf-Cut-Men-Step-21.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Wolf-Cut-Men-Step-21.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">21 coupes wolf pour les hommes et des conseils de personnalisation</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/faire-pour-exciter-les-hommes"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/3/3a/Turn-Ons-for-Men-Step-30.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Turn-Ons-for-Men-Step-30.jpg" id="674718dc666a6"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc666a6')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/3/3a/Turn-Ons-for-Men-Step-30.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Turn-Ons-for-Men-Step-30.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Quelles sont les meilleures façons d'exciter un garçon ?</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/savoir-ce-que-signifie-l%27%C3%A9moji-obj"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2c/What-Does-the-Obj-Emoji-Mean-Step-10.jpg/-crop-375-250-334px-nowatermark-What-Does-the-Obj-Emoji-Mean-Step-10.jpg" id="674718dc67cd3"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc67cd3')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/2/2c/What-Does-the-Obj-Emoji-Mean-Step-10.jpg/-crop-375-250-334px-nowatermark-What-Does-the-Obj-Emoji-Mean-Step-10.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Que veut dire l'émoji OBJ () ?</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/dire-autrement-Je-suis-si-fier-de-toi-%C3%A0-ses-amis-et-membres-de-la-famille"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/f6/So-Proud-of-You-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-So-Proud-of-You-Step-9.jpg" id="674718dc6943e"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc6943e')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/f6/So-Proud-of-You-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-So-Proud-of-You-Step-9.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">75 manières de dire « Je suis tellement fier de toi » à des amis ou membres de la famille</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brer-le-premier-mois-de-sa-relation-avec-de-doux-messages"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7d/Happy-One-Month-Anniversary-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Happy-One-Month-Anniversary-Step-9.jpg" id="674718dc6adc1"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc6adc1')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7d/Happy-One-Month-Anniversary-Step-9.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Happy-One-Month-Anniversary-Step-9.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Célébrez votre anniversaire d'un mois avec ces messages sympas</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="hp_languages"> <h3><img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/international2.svg" loading="lazy" />wikiHow dans le monde</h3> <div id="hp_lang_list"> <a href='https://www.wikihow.com'>English</a> <a href='https://es.wikihow.com'>Español</a> <a href='https://www.wikihow.cz'>Čeština</a> <a href='https://de.wikihow.com'>Deutsch <a href='https://fr.wikihow.com'>Français</a> <a href='https://www.wikihow.it'>Italiano</a> <a href='https://pt.wikihow.com'>Português</a> <a href='https://ru.wikihow.com'>Русский</a> <a href='https://hi.wikihow.com'>हिन्दी</a> <a href='https://ja.wikihow.com'>日本語</a> <a href='https://nl.wikihow.com'>Nederlands</a> <a href='https://ar.wikihow.com'>العربية</a> <a href='https://th.wikihow.com'>ไทย</a> <a href='https://www.wikihow.com.tr'>Türkçe</a> <a href='https://www.wikihow.vn'>Tiếng Việt</a> <a href='https://ko.wikihow.com'>한국어</a> <a href='https://zh.wikihow.com'>中文</a> <a href='https://id.wikihow.com'>Bahasa Indonesia</a> <a href='https://www.wikihowfarsi.com'>فارسی</a> </div> </div> <div id="hp_newsletter"> <h3><img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/newsletter2.svg" loading="lazy" />Newsletter</h3> <div id="hp_newsletter_container"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/newsletter.png" loading="lazy" /> <h4>Abonnez-vous à la newsletter de wikiHow</h4> <p>Des tutoriels utiles délivrés dans votre boitier de réception chaque semaine!</p> <a href="https://mailchi.mp/52e328401e01/wikihow-en-franais" target="_blank" class="hp_button">Je m'abonne!</a> </div> </div> <script>if((!WH.shared.isTest("aditudeNoAdsense"))&&(WH.shared.isLargeSize&&window.abgLarge||WH.shared.isSmallSize&&window.abgSmall||WH.shared.isMedSize)){(function(){var abg=document.createElement('script');abg.async=!0;abg.type='text/javascript';var useSSL='https:'==document.location.protocol;abg.src=(useSSL?'https:':'http:')+'//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js';var node=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];node.parentNode.insertBefore(abg,node);})();}</script><script>if (typeof(WH.ads) !== 'undefined') {WH.ads.addHPRR('mp_rr_ad');}</script> </div> <div id="hp_news"> <div class="hp_narrow"> <h2>Nous facilitons l'apprentissage grâce à des tutoriels simples. Les gens le confirment.</h2> <a href="/wikiHow:En-savoir-plus-au-sujet-de-wikiHow">Lisez notre histoire</a> <div id="hp_news_container"> <div id="hp_news1"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/atlantic.png" loading="lazy" /> <span>"The Atlantic", le 11 novembre 2019</span> <p class="news_quote">« wikiHow est certainement la plus grande plateforme commerciale existante qui n'a pas été accusée d'exploiter ses utilisateurs(rices). »</p> <p class="news_author">- Kaitlyn Tiffany<br> Rédactrice technologique, ''The Atlantic'', magazine primé des É.-U.</p> </div> <div id="hp_news2"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/vice.png" loading="lazy" /> <span>"Vice", le 12 novembre 2019</span> <p class="news_quote">« J'affirme depuis longtemps que wikiHow offre le meilleur service de journalisme consistant sur internet en ce moment. »</p> <p class="news_author">- Rachel Miller<br> Rédactrice adjointe, ''Vice'', magazine américano-canadien internationalement reconnu</p> </div> <div id="hp_news3"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/motherjones.png" loading="lazy" /> <span>Mother Jones</span> <p class="news_quote">« wikiHow est un parfait héros pandémique, car il est utile, sérieux, et... capable de capable de lui-même. »</p> <p class="news_author">- Laura Thompson<br>Rédactrice, Mother Jones</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="hp_watch" class="hp_narrow hp_lower"> <h3><img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/watch2.svg" loading="lazy" />Vidéos tendance</h3> <div id="hp_watch_container"> <div class="hp_thumb "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/ramollir-le-beurre#quick_summary_section"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/youtube_play.svg" loading="lazy" class="play_button" /> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/93/Soften-Butter-Step-16-Version-4.jpg/-crop-375-250-375px-nowatermark-Soften-Butter-Step-16-Version-4.jpg" id="674718dc2c1cc"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc2c1cc')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/93/Soften-Butter-Step-16-Version-4.jpg/-crop-375-250-375px-nowatermark-Soften-Butter-Step-16-Version-4.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">ramollir le beurre</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/blanchir-les-l%C3%A9gumes#Vid.C3.A9o"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/youtube_play.svg" loading="lazy" class="play_button" /> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/18/Blanch-Vegetables-Step-21Bullet2.jpg/-crop-375-250-374px-nowatermark-Blanch-Vegetables-Step-21Bullet2.jpg" id="674718dc2ec77"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc2ec77')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/18/Blanch-Vegetables-Step-21Bullet2.jpg/-crop-375-250-374px-nowatermark-Blanch-Vegetables-Step-21Bullet2.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">blanchir les légumes</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/se-muscler-le-corps#quick_summary_section"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/youtube_play.svg" loading="lazy" class="play_button" /> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/ff/Build-Muscle-Step-28-Version-3.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Build-Muscle-Step-28-Version-3.jpg" id="674718dc34a1c"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc34a1c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/ff/Build-Muscle-Step-28-Version-3.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Build-Muscle-Step-28-Version-3.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">se muscler le corps</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/faire-des-pompes#quick_summary_section"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/youtube_play.svg" loading="lazy" class="play_button" /> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/53/Do-a-Push-Up-Step-15-Version-3.jpg/-crop-375-250-375px-nowatermark-Do-a-Push-Up-Step-15-Version-3.jpg" id="674718dc386b5"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc386b5')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/53/Do-a-Push-Up-Step-15-Version-3.jpg/-crop-375-250-375px-nowatermark-Do-a-Push-Up-Step-15-Version-3.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">faire des pompes</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/jouer-au-basket-ball#Vid.C3.A9o"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/youtube_play.svg" loading="lazy" class="play_button" /> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b5/Play-Basketball-Step-34-Version-2.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Play-Basketball-Step-34-Version-2.jpg" id="674718dc3c02f"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc3c02f')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b5/Play-Basketball-Step-34-Version-2.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Play-Basketball-Step-34-Version-2.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">jouer au basket ball</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/devenir-une-c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brit%C3%A9#quick_summary_section"> <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/youtube_play.svg" loading="lazy" class="play_button" /> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e0/Become-Famous-Step-17.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Become-Famous-Step-17.jpg" id="674718dc3e97c"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc3e97c')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e0/Become-Famous-Step-17.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Become-Famous-Step-17.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">devenir une célébrité</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="hp_newpages" class="hp_narrow hp_lower"> <h3><img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/newpages.svg" loading="lazy" />Nouveaux articles<a href="/Sp%C3%A9cial:NewPages" class="more_link">Voir plus de nouvelles pages <img src="/extensions/wikihow/homepage/images/more.png" /></a></h3> <div id="hp_newpages_container"> <div class="hp_thumb "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/souhaiter-un-joyeux-anniversaire-%C3%A0-sa-tante"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/f4/Happy-Birthday-Aunt-Step-8.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Happy-Birthday-Aunt-Step-8.jpg" id="674718dc6caa9"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc6caa9')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/f4/Happy-Birthday-Aunt-Step-8.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Happy-Birthday-Aunt-Step-8.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">souhaiter un joyeux anniversaire à sa tante</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/souhaiter-un-joyeux-16e-anniversaire"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e7/Happy-16th-Birthday-Step-10.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Happy-16th-Birthday-Step-10.jpg" id="674718dc6e057"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc6e057')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e7/Happy-16th-Birthday-Step-10.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Happy-16th-Birthday-Step-10.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">souhaiter un joyeux 16e anniversaire</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/reconnaitre-les-signes-de-l%27%C3%A9changisme"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/fc/Swinger-Signs-Step-11.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Swinger-Signs-Step-11.jpg" id="674718dc6f77d"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc6f77d')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/f/fc/Swinger-Signs-Step-11.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Swinger-Signs-Step-11.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Comment</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">reconnaitre les signes de l'échangisme</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb quiz_article "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/%C3%A0-quel-point-mon-vocabulaire-est-il-riche-quiz"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/18/Vocabulary_quiz.png/-crop-375-250-375px-Vocabulary_quiz.png" id="674718dc71f94"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc71f94')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/18/Vocabulary_quiz.png/-crop-375-250-375px-Vocabulary_quiz.png" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <span class="hp_thumb_article_name_label">Quiz</span> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Seules les personnes ayant un QI élevé sauront 100 % de ces mots</p> <button class="thumb_cta_button">Faites le quiz</button> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <div class="hp_expert">EXPERT(E)</div> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/poser-des-questions-de-v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9-croustillantes"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c5/Juicy-Truth-Questions-Step-15.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Juicy-Truth-Questions-Step-15.jpg" id="674718dc73c3d"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc73c3d')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c5/Juicy-Truth-Questions-Step-15.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-Juicy-Truth-Questions-Step-15.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Les 280 meilleures questions d'action ou vérité pour épicer votre prochaine nuit de jeu</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="hp_thumb hp_noprefix "> <a class="hp_thumb_a" href="/savoir-que-signifie-l%27%C3%A9moji-lune-noire"> <div class="content-spacer"><img width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b6/What-Does-the-Black-Moon-Emoji-Mean-Step-10.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-What-Does-the-Black-Moon-Emoji-Mean-Step-10.jpg" id="674718dc74faa"/><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('674718dc74faa')</script><noscript><img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b6/What-Does-the-Black-Moon-Emoji-Mean-Step-10.jpg/-crop-375-250-333px-nowatermark-What-Does-the-Black-Moon-Emoji-Mean-Step-10.jpg" width="375" height="250" data-width="375" data-height="250" data-nowebp="0" class="scrolldefer content-fill"/></noscript></div> <div class="hp_thumb_article_name"> <p class="hp_thumb_article_name_title">Que veut dire 🌚 l'émoji de la lune noire ?</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> <a href="/Sp%C3%A9cial:NewPages" class="hp_button">Voir plus de nouvelles pages </a> </div> <script> WH.rcwidgetParams = { 'rc_loadNow': true, 'rc_URL': '/Special:RCWidget', 'rc_ReloadInterval': 60000, 'rc_nabRedThreshold': 0, 'rc_patrolRedThreshold': 500 }; </script></div><div class="printfooter"> </div> </div></div><br class="clearall"></div><br class="clearall"><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "wikiHow", "url": "https:\/\/fr.wikihow.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/skins\/owl\/images\/wikihow_logo_nobg_60.png", "width": 326, "height": 60 }, "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wikiHow.fr\/" ] }</script> <div id="fb-root" ></div> <div id="footer" role="navigation"> <div id="footer_inner"> <a href='/Accueil' id="footer_logo"> <img src='/skins/owl/images/wikihow_logo_intl.png' width='162' height='42' alt='wikiHow' /> </a> <div id="footer_crumbs"> <ul class="breadcrumbs"> </ul> </div> <div id="footer_top_divider" class="footer_divider"></div> <div id="footer_vertical_divider"></div> <div id="search_footer" class="wh_search " role="search"> <div class="cse_x" role="button"></div> <form action="/wikiHowTo" id="cse-search-box-bottom"> <div> <input type="text" class="cse_q search_box" id='search_field_bottom' name="search" value="" placeholder="Rechercher comment..." x-webkit-speech aria-label="Recherchez ici" /> <input type="submit" value="" class="cse_sa" alt="" name="Search"/> </div> </form> </div>  <div id="footer_links"> <ul> <li><a href="/Main-Page" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Page">Accueil</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fr.wikihow.com/en-savoir-plus-au-sujet-de-wikiHow">À propos de wikiHow</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fr.wikihow.com/Expert.e.s">Expert(es)</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Contactez-nous" title="wikiHow:Contactez nous">Contactez nous</a></li> <li><a href="/Sp%C3%A9cial:Sitemap" title="Spécial:Sitemap">Plan du site</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:R%C3%A8gles" title="wikiHow:Règles">Termes et conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Politique-de-confidentialit%C3%A9" title="wikiHow:Politique de confidentialité">Politique de confidentialité</a></li> <li><a id="footer_ccpa" href="#">Do Not <span class="ccpa_footer_extra">Sell or </span>Share My Info</a></li> <li><a id="footer_ccpa_optout" href="#">Not Selling Info</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="sf"> <div> <p>Suivez-nous</p> <a id="sf_ig" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.instagram.com/wikihow.fr/" target="_blank" title="Instagram"></a><a id="sf_fb" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/wikiHow.fr/" target="_blank" title="Facebook"></a><a id="sf_tt" class="sf_icon" href="https://x.com/wikiHow_fr" target="_blank" title="Twitter"></a><a id="sf_yt" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/WikiHow" target="_blank" title="YouTube"></a><a id="sf_nl" class="sf_icon" href="https://mailchi.mp/52e328401e01/wikihow-en-franais" target="_blank" title="Newsletter"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id='sliderbox' class="newsletter email_icon green default" data-color="green"> <div id='slider_container'> <button id='slider_close_button' on="tap:sliderbox.hide">×</button> <div class='slider_content'> <p id='slider_small_headline'>Abonnez-vous pour recevoir la</p> <p id='slider_big_headline'>newsletter de wikiHow!</p> <a id="slider_button" class='button slider_button email_submit' rel="nofollow" data-event_type="newsletter" href="https://mailchi.mp/52e328401e01/wikihow-en-franais" target="_blank">S'abonner</a> </div> </div> </div> <script>if (window.document.documentMode) {document.getElementById('sliderbox').parentNode.removeChild(document.getElementById('sliderbox'));}</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wikihow.com/extensions/min/f/_ads/gads.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wikihow.com/x/zscsucgm?"></script> <script> window.WH = window.WH || {}; WH.hasAdBlockers = ( window._ads !== 2 ); </script> <div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pswp__bg"></div> <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap"> <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar"> <div class="pswp__method_high"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></div> <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </div> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> <div class="pswp__caption__info"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__method"></div> <div class="pswp__counter"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='maticons_for_googlefc'>-</div><div class='opensans_for_googlefc'>-</div><img width='1' height='0' id='comscore_px' src='https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=8003466&cv=3.9.1&cj=1'></div></div><div id="servedtime" data-app="app30" style="display:none">259</div><script async="" src="/load.php?debug=false&lang=fr&modules=startup&only=scripts&siterev=Z8S6V&skin=wh&target=mobile"></script> <script> var whef="Rd5KnecEct/bXQQCv3rd1"; </script> <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":259});});</script></body></html>