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data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Insect Taxonomy"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-9c642511-b27f-4813-b455-ff3c7b2e89e4"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-9c642511-b27f-4813-b455-ff3c7b2e89e4"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71000835" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_Ecology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Insect Ecology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-8fa125b4-56be-4b09-ad6c-ae166040e4fe"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-8fa125b4-56be-4b09-ad6c-ae166040e4fe"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Nazia Suleman</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="103885018"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/103885018/Feeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladybird_beetle_Coccinella_septempunctata_Coleoptera_Coccinellidae_as_affected_by_the_hunger_levels_on_natural_host_species"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Feeding potential of the predatory ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) as affected by the hunger levels on natural host species" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103766342/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/103885018/Feeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladybird_beetle_Coccinella_septempunctata_Coleoptera_Coccinellidae_as_affected_by_the_hunger_levels_on_natural_host_species">Feeding potential of the predatory ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) as affected by the hunger levels on natural host species</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ladybird beetles/Ladybugs, both adults and larvae, are well-known primarily as predators of aphid...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ladybird beetles/Ladybugs, both adults and larvae, are well-known primarily as predators of aphids (plant lice); however, they also prey upon many other soft bodied insects and eggs of different borers. Laboratory rearing of predatory ladybirds often need a live host particularly aphids. Studies were conducted to check the suitability of live and frozen rose and mustard aphids to rear seven spotted ladybird beetle under two feeding conditions i.e., fed normally (unstarved beetles) or hungry (starved) for 16 hours. Results showed that hungriness may affect the food consumption efficiency. When the beetles were not starved, they showed preference for eating live mustard aphids as compared to frozen (Mean ± SE = 6.24 ± 0.37 live aphids, 4.43 ± 0.40frozen aphids). Similar trend was observed on rose aphids (6.51 ± 0.5 (live aphids) and 4.86 ± 0.49 (frozen aphids)). But the adults in starved condition consumed equal number of live and frozen aphids. During the 1 st hour, starved beet...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6755c0580322d304a5f01543b98e030b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":103766342,"asset_id":103885018,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103766342/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="103885018"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="103885018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 103885018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=103885018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=103885018]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 103885018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='103885018']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6755c0580322d304a5f01543b98e030b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=103885018]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":103885018,"title":"Feeding potential of the predatory ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) as affected by the hunger levels on natural host species","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Ladybird beetles/Ladybugs, both adults and larvae, are well-known primarily as predators of aphids (plant lice); however, they also prey upon many other soft bodied insects and eggs of different borers. Laboratory rearing of predatory ladybirds often need a live host particularly aphids. Studies were conducted to check the suitability of live and frozen rose and mustard aphids to rear seven spotted ladybird beetle under two feeding conditions i.e., fed normally (unstarved beetles) or hungry (starved) for 16 hours. Results showed that hungriness may affect the food consumption efficiency. When the beetles were not starved, they showed preference for eating live mustard aphids as compared to frozen (Mean ± SE = 6.24 ± 0.37 live aphids, 4.43 ± 0.40frozen aphids). Similar trend was observed on rose aphids (6.51 ± 0.5 (live aphids) and 4.86 ± 0.49 (frozen aphids)). But the adults in starved condition consumed equal number of live and frozen aphids. During the 1 st hour, starved beet...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Ladybird beetles/Ladybugs, both adults and larvae, are well-known primarily as predators of aphids (plant lice); however, they also prey upon many other soft bodied insects and eggs of different borers. Laboratory rearing of predatory ladybirds often need a live host particularly aphids. Studies were conducted to check the suitability of live and frozen rose and mustard aphids to rear seven spotted ladybird beetle under two feeding conditions i.e., fed normally (unstarved beetles) or hungry (starved) for 16 hours. Results showed that hungriness may affect the food consumption efficiency. When the beetles were not starved, they showed preference for eating live mustard aphids as compared to frozen (Mean ± SE = 6.24 ± 0.37 live aphids, 4.43 ± 0.40frozen aphids). Similar trend was observed on rose aphids (6.51 ± 0.5 (live aphids) and 4.86 ± 0.49 (frozen aphids)). But the adults in starved condition consumed equal number of live and frozen aphids. During the 1 st hour, starved beet...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103885018/Feeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladybird_beetle_Coccinella_septempunctata_Coleoptera_Coccinellidae_as_affected_by_the_hunger_levels_on_natural_host_species","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-06-26T04:06:54.015-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":103766342,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103766342/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4.1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103766342/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Feeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladyb.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/103766342/4.1-libre.pdf?1687779775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFeeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladyb.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=TNKGCvEM1mO0wSPkpUTFz9m9grCHEivE3wEsVGT8lt5x1HVa-vUHkbb2V6hjP~F1UaqYG8z2L0KfPD2nQZ~VUhQpGisr3M32KqsTzO1DG6rO~VUZIet~HbFbwjvMqS7nKOYCBr1k9uWhejWFLvpNYRc2lo4D2X7HD2FAl0TV2hq4jac9-7eRVWaYmusTulZgLw9V-yA4Aw9N9avmk0ChzqLudHXahMPJcgcSEiGghnwAp8zgq-KQsIG2-RKXxI2Q9QtLm8g~UuArSk9u3qEJUo3jK3HMazr2PyzPlXmNMPCc-rXThqWILApcx4oM8~BpiLuB4nDp95j1LevXue4u9g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Feeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladybird_beetle_Coccinella_septempunctata_Coleoptera_Coccinellidae_as_affected_by_the_hunger_levels_on_natural_host_species","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Ladybird beetles/Ladybugs, both adults and larvae, are well-known primarily as predators of aphids (plant lice); however, they also prey upon many other soft bodied insects and eggs of different borers. Laboratory rearing of predatory ladybirds often need a live host particularly aphids. Studies were conducted to check the suitability of live and frozen rose and mustard aphids to rear seven spotted ladybird beetle under two feeding conditions i.e., fed normally (unstarved beetles) or hungry (starved) for 16 hours. Results showed that hungriness may affect the food consumption efficiency. When the beetles were not starved, they showed preference for eating live mustard aphids as compared to frozen (Mean ± SE = 6.24 ± 0.37 live aphids, 4.43 ± 0.40frozen aphids). Similar trend was observed on rose aphids (6.51 ± 0.5 (live aphids) and 4.86 ± 0.49 (frozen aphids)). But the adults in starved condition consumed equal number of live and frozen aphids. During the 1 st hour, starved beet...","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":103766342,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103766342/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4.1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103766342/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Feeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladyb.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/103766342/4.1-libre.pdf?1687779775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFeeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladyb.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=TNKGCvEM1mO0wSPkpUTFz9m9grCHEivE3wEsVGT8lt5x1HVa-vUHkbb2V6hjP~F1UaqYG8z2L0KfPD2nQZ~VUhQpGisr3M32KqsTzO1DG6rO~VUZIet~HbFbwjvMqS7nKOYCBr1k9uWhejWFLvpNYRc2lo4D2X7HD2FAl0TV2hq4jac9-7eRVWaYmusTulZgLw9V-yA4Aw9N9avmk0ChzqLudHXahMPJcgcSEiGghnwAp8zgq-KQsIG2-RKXxI2Q9QtLm8g~UuArSk9u3qEJUo3jK3HMazr2PyzPlXmNMPCc-rXThqWILApcx4oM8~BpiLuB4nDp95j1LevXue4u9g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":103766341,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103766341/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4.1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103766341/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Feeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladyb.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/103766341/4.1-libre.pdf?1687779773=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFeeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladyb.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=MPRC03lF8~7Ra-s1pIsVJxA0r3Czd0YleXCOk4TlonTL8JzJzLZ0ynP0Sr2dLnJJYCoqvoP1daw9o3k8-1gvS6trks~LD8JZyqL6fkG-8crjf0lcejcNyCyizR8ORVbL7UOJPAM4fxBxmwVzcHvy6V2RuVP2zddAvO0oZ9Yxa4OX57k~frsDBY73BcJftX8ewm1QrnfV8a7d0eu9--Cre8ztaxD7~ZBBlJmt-xND-9tRtN-PWGa7v4oCB0dbgumjByx1vn4CQpMdbMjRPEFGw3HPMQz5saAat7huh6t6AThvPqfYQJgo4H1PhyWB3yGIjxm8oQJjTYzQZftzIOtKbA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":53433,"name":"Coccinellidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coccinellidae"},{"id":88930,"name":"Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation"},{"id":235379,"name":"Predator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator"},{"id":2012703,"name":"Coccinella septempunctata L","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coccinella_septempunctata_L"}],"urls":[{"id":32538903,"url":"http://ppmj.net/index.php/ppmj/article/download/78/4.1.4"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-103885018-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="92750555"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/92750555/Occurrence_and_molecular_identification_of_an_invasive_rice_strain_of_fall_armyworm_Spodoptera_frugiperda_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_from_Sindh_Pakistan_using_mitochondrial_cytochrome_c_oxidase_I_gene_sequences"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95676620/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92750555/Occurrence_and_molecular_identification_of_an_invasive_rice_strain_of_fall_armyworm_Spodoptera_frugiperda_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_from_Sindh_Pakistan_using_mitochondrial_cytochrome_c_oxidase_I_gene_sequences">Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NC...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9bf21c9b19df3a7d7b675f72078c68d4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95676620,"asset_id":92750555,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95676620/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92750555"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92750555"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92750555; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92750555]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92750555]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92750555; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92750555']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9bf21c9b19df3a7d7b675f72078c68d4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92750555]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92750555,"title":"Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NC...","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection"},"translated_abstract":"The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NC...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92750555/Occurrence_and_molecular_identification_of_an_invasive_rice_strain_of_fall_armyworm_Spodoptera_frugiperda_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_from_Sindh_Pakistan_using_mitochondrial_cytochrome_c_oxidase_I_gene_sequences","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-12-12T20:03:55.663-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":95676620,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95676620/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s41348-021-00548-6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95676620/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Occurrence_and_molecular_identification.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/95676620/s41348-021-00548-6-libre.pdf?1670909790=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOccurrence_and_molecular_identification.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=LQ91YoPkgbPDpwk09Sl0GDfctCHiKrfVHvzRCdr-tZpBeKjGUlMQjTPvLKyfkiC-xKNzbMSum3Rw9O5P~vXOS31ea4ZMHXV2sndy~2OO1FsDOd63s4A~psXA-1Bsjv0YXMIbyzs-i~K8Y-d5jj4O9aIWoMHWVPIrLYrljRFhM4n0~mf0vWbp5me9qpKafrDoZgeWGejQa-HLOvDyw3PMd4Is9sg9WzgfhB-7yb0aTifEduar8kUILn-z4YLfYrY8Wd~0Y78J0esqvIZhQOK3iSmbzgXrMzdEUPUGYteCaqz6OcE-EO9DLl3sEfqHKKhbfY9dc3bV0zkEtZRkVx~lgQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Occurrence_and_molecular_identification_of_an_invasive_rice_strain_of_fall_armyworm_Spodoptera_frugiperda_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_from_Sindh_Pakistan_using_mitochondrial_cytochrome_c_oxidase_I_gene_sequences","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. 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In functionally dioecious figs, the fig wasp larvae can only develop in the figs of male plants. Female plants have &#39;tomb blossoms&#39; where the pollinators fail to reproduce and only seeds develop. Some foundress fig wasps can nonetheless re-emerge from figs after entry, so why do they not rapidly leave female figs without pollinating them? Selection on fig wasp behaviour generated on male fig trees, but expressed on both male and female plants, may provide an explanation. Wasps that re-emerge from female figs have no wings and will never reproduce. Consequently, natural selection cannot influence wasp behaviour once they enter a female fig and their behaviour should reflect what is optimal in male figs. Consistent with this explanation, pollin...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="85bf642456ab9209a20207389347f8d3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95676589,"asset_id":92750537,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95676589/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92750537"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92750537"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92750537; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92750537]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92750537]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92750537; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92750537']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "85bf642456ab9209a20207389347f8d3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92750537]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92750537,"title":"Why do fig wasps pollinate female figs","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The relationship between fig trees and their pollinator fig wasps is one of the best known examples of a highly-specific plant-insect mutualism, involving pollen-carrying foundress female fig wasps that enter the figs to lay their eggs. In functionally dioecious figs, the fig wasp larvae can only develop in the figs of male plants. Female plants have \u0026#39;tomb blossoms\u0026#39; where the pollinators fail to reproduce and only seeds develop. Some foundress fig wasps can nonetheless re-emerge from figs after entry, so why do they not rapidly leave female figs without pollinating them? Selection on fig wasp behaviour generated on male fig trees, but expressed on both male and female plants, may provide an explanation. Wasps that re-emerge from female figs have no wings and will never reproduce. Consequently, natural selection cannot influence wasp behaviour once they enter a female fig and their behaviour should reflect what is optimal in male figs. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-92750537-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566383"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566383/Effect_of_gamma_irradiation_and_subsequent_cold_storage_on_the_development_and_predatory_potential_of_seven_spotted_ladybird_beetle_Coccinella_septempunctata_Linnaeus_Coleoptera_Coccinellidae_larvae"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of gamma irradiation and subsequent cold storage on the development and predatory potential of seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) larvae" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890143/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566383/Effect_of_gamma_irradiation_and_subsequent_cold_storage_on_the_development_and_predatory_potential_of_seven_spotted_ladybird_beetle_Coccinella_septempunctata_Linnaeus_Coleoptera_Coccinellidae_larvae">Effect of gamma irradiation and subsequent cold storage on the development and predatory potential of seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) larvae</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Seven spot ladybird beetle, (Coccinella septempunctata) is a widely distributed natural enemy of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Seven spot ladybird beetle, (Coccinella septempunctata) is a widely distributed natural enemy of soft-bodied insect pests especially aphids worldwide. Both the adult and larvae of this coccinellid beetle are voracious feeders and serve as a commercially available biological control agent around the globe. Different techniques are adopted to enhance the mass rearing and storage of this natural enemy by taking advantage of its natural ability to withstand under extremely low temperatures and entering diapause under unfavorable low temperature conditions. The key objective of this study was to develop a cost effective technique for enhancing the storage life and predatory potential of the larvae of C. septempunctata through cold storage in conjunction with the use of nuclear techniques, gamma radiations. Results showed that the host eating potential of larvae was enhanced as the cold storage duration was increased. Gamma irradiation further enhanced the feeding potential of larvae that were kept under cold storage. Different irradiation doses also affected the development time of C. septempuntata larvae significantly. Without cold storage, the lower radiation doses (10 and 25 GY) prolonged the developmental time as compared to un-irradiated larvae. Furthermore, the higher dose of radiation (50GY) increased the developmental time after removal from cold storage. This study first time paves the way to use radiation in conjunction with cold storage as an effective technique in implementation of different biological control approaches as a part of any IPM programs. Key word: Gamma irradiations; cold storage, Coccinella septempunctata larvae; predatory potential; integrated pest management programme NTRODUCTION: Nuclear techniques such as gamma radiations have a vast application in different programmes of biological control including continuous supply of sterilized host and improved rearing techniques (Greany and Carpenter, 2000; Cai et al., 2017). Similarly irradiation can be used for sentinelhost eggs and larvae for monitoring survival and distribution of parasitoids (Jordão-paranhos et al.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e9e225f659ea9629ecc063b67292e7f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890143,"asset_id":49566383,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890143/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566383"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566383]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566383']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4e9e225f659ea9629ecc063b67292e7f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566383]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566383,"title":"Effect of gamma irradiation and subsequent cold storage on the development and predatory potential of seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) larvae","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Scientific Platform","ai_title_tag":"Enhancing Coccinella septempunctata via Irradiation","grobid_abstract":"Seven spot ladybird beetle, (Coccinella septempunctata) is a widely distributed natural enemy of soft-bodied insect pests especially aphids worldwide. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566381-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566380"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566380/Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the_Biological_Parameters_of_Chrysoperla_carnea_under_Laboratory_Conditions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Different Photo Periods on the Biological Parameters of Chrysoperla carnea under Laboratory Conditions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890175/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566380/Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the_Biological_Parameters_of_Chrysoperla_carnea_under_Laboratory_Conditions">Effect of Different Photo Periods on the Biological Parameters of Chrysoperla carnea under Laboratory Conditions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Many insects are known to give response in adaptive way for seasonal changes in day lengths. Phot...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Many insects are known to give response in adaptive way for seasonal changes in day lengths. Photoperiod control's many developmental responses and allows insects to survive periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different photoperiod lengths on biological parameters of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea. Four different photoperiod regimes were selected with varying lengths of light/dark hours (8/16, 10/14, 24/0 and 0/24) at a constant 26±2°C temperature with 70 % RH (relative humidity) in the laboratory. Photoperiod regimes affected the development of C. carnea from egg to adult. In complete darkness (L: 0 D: 24), minimum egg laying, hatching, larval survival and adult emergence were recorded. Incubation period for eggs, larval period and pupal duration were also significantly longer in complete darkness as compared to other treatments 8L: 16D and 10L: 14D. Whereas, the treatment with complete light hours (L: 24, D: 0) resulted in maximum egg laying hatching, larval survival and adult emergence. The incubation period for eggs, larval and pupal duration significantly shortened as compared to other treatments.Sex ratios skewed towards female when full light hours were provided for development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-49566380-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-49566380-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43594796/figure-1-effect-of-photoperiod-on-the-female-biased-sex"><img alt="Figure 1: Effect of photoperiod on the female biased sex ratio of C. camea. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67890175/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43594805/figure-1-these-glass-jars-were-covered-with-black-muslin"><img alt="These glass jars were covered with black muslin cloth for egg laying. These covers were changed daily to record observation on fecundity (no of egg laid) by C. camea females, eggs of laboratory reared host Sitotroga cerealella (olive) were provided inside the changed cover for feeding to newly hatched larvae of C. camea. After three days observation were recorded on hatching percentage, hatching time (incubation period), larval period, larval survival (No. of pupae obtained), pupal period, pupal survival (Adult emergence) and sex ratio. Experiment was replicated four times. photoperiods. The Complete darkness (L: 0 D: 24), resulted in minimum number of egg lying (19.5+0.67), reduced hatching (5.8+0.70), decreased larval survival (No. of pupae) (3.540.66) and reduction in adult emergence (2.8+0.96). Which compared with the treatments of 8L: 16D and 10L: 14D.The incubation period (hatching time) (5.340.33), larval (11.6+0.33) and pupal (10.3+40.33) durations was observed significantly longer at short photoperiod (L: 0, D: 24) compared with other treatments. 8L: 16D and 10L: 14D. Also, maximum sex ratios were observed in female production under full light hours (Figure 1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67890175/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-49566380-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="45e401d49d88a7ab9fff25f51399fe5e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890175,"asset_id":49566380,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890175/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566380"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566380"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566380; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566380]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566380]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566380; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566380']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "45e401d49d88a7ab9fff25f51399fe5e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566380]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566380,"title":"Effect of Different Photo Periods on the Biological Parameters of Chrysoperla carnea under Laboratory Conditions","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Lifescience Global","grobid_abstract":"Many insects are known to give response in adaptive way for seasonal changes in day lengths. Photoperiod control's many developmental responses and allows insects to survive periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different photoperiod lengths on biological parameters of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea. Four different photoperiod regimes were selected with varying lengths of light/dark hours (8/16, 10/14, 24/0 and 0/24) at a constant 26±2°C temperature with 70 % RH (relative humidity) in the laboratory. Photoperiod regimes affected the development of C. carnea from egg to adult. In complete darkness (L: 0 D: 24), minimum egg laying, hatching, larval survival and adult emergence were recorded. Incubation period for eggs, larval period and pupal duration were also significantly longer in complete darkness as compared to other treatments 8L: 16D and 10L: 14D. Whereas, the treatment with complete light hours (L: 24, D: 0) resulted in maximum egg laying hatching, larval survival and adult emergence. The incubation period for eggs, larval and pupal duration significantly shortened as compared to other treatments.Sex ratios skewed towards female when full light hours were provided for development.","publication_name":"Journal of Basic \u0026 Applied Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890175},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566380/Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the_Biological_Parameters_of_Chrysoperla_carnea_under_Laboratory_Conditions","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:33.695-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890175,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890175/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the20210706-7904-7qy6rz.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890175/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890175/Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the20210706-7904-7qy6rz.pdf?1738417343=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=TC4me-llaYYABv1KcWZ2HjicwzO9d1X5-CNAe0d7ww6TX7zvuU2bgUoROqA-DOibCpoHvD50BWN3bxUrXYLpJDy~aCeP3F2QoHYPvFI-5Wgc2KiYjghqQ2IhWYtDTlDaivH9Z9NrcT1REwnI0l5Nh3ik3FdWzi0wmlW9PTVDLxekGG4-gqtm0rkiNEvwpm~YQMqEK26ECMMkX9nL3GnYRb2Mx85Iy4EJysNKxvHx-Gc2noKX5lwNuwn6CNTL6tHMra9Nt2RuAYSxSZ7m94j544e2nUaP0KxCq9pUenSoiFVL3suLDvW8e7bPKxsZFA22CP3Xm76SIMKyQ-CPZSAEtw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the_Biological_Parameters_of_Chrysoperla_carnea_under_Laboratory_Conditions","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Many insects are known to give response in adaptive way for seasonal changes in day lengths. Photoperiod control's many developmental responses and allows insects to survive periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different photoperiod lengths on biological parameters of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea. Four different photoperiod regimes were selected with varying lengths of light/dark hours (8/16, 10/14, 24/0 and 0/24) at a constant 26±2°C temperature with 70 % RH (relative humidity) in the laboratory. Photoperiod regimes affected the development of C. carnea from egg to adult. In complete darkness (L: 0 D: 24), minimum egg laying, hatching, larval survival and adult emergence were recorded. Incubation period for eggs, larval period and pupal duration were also significantly longer in complete darkness as compared to other treatments 8L: 16D and 10L: 14D. Whereas, the treatment with complete light hours (L: 24, D: 0) resulted in maximum egg laying hatching, larval survival and adult emergence. The incubation period for eggs, larval and pupal duration significantly shortened as compared to other treatments.Sex ratios skewed towards female when full light hours were provided for development.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890175,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890175/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the20210706-7904-7qy6rz.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890175/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890175/Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the20210706-7904-7qy6rz.pdf?1738417343=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=TC4me-llaYYABv1KcWZ2HjicwzO9d1X5-CNAe0d7ww6TX7zvuU2bgUoROqA-DOibCpoHvD50BWN3bxUrXYLpJDy~aCeP3F2QoHYPvFI-5Wgc2KiYjghqQ2IhWYtDTlDaivH9Z9NrcT1REwnI0l5Nh3ik3FdWzi0wmlW9PTVDLxekGG4-gqtm0rkiNEvwpm~YQMqEK26ECMMkX9nL3GnYRb2Mx85Iy4EJysNKxvHx-Gc2noKX5lwNuwn6CNTL6tHMra9Nt2RuAYSxSZ7m94j544e2nUaP0KxCq9pUenSoiFVL3suLDvW8e7bPKxsZFA22CP3Xm76SIMKyQ-CPZSAEtw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566380-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566379"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566379/Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densities_of_Trichogramma_chilonis_Ishii_Hymenoptera_Trichogrammatidae_Against_the_Sugarcane_Stem_Borer_Chilo_infuscatellus_Lepidoptera_Pyralidae_under_Field_Conditions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Release Intervals and Densities of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Against the Sugarcane Stem Borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) under Field Conditions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890181/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566379/Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densities_of_Trichogramma_chilonis_Ishii_Hymenoptera_Trichogrammatidae_Against_the_Sugarcane_Stem_Borer_Chilo_infuscatellus_Lepidoptera_Pyralidae_under_Field_Conditions">Impact of Release Intervals and Densities of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Against the Sugarcane Stem Borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) under Field Conditions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis parasitoids was found higher in the blocks where para...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis parasitoids was found higher in the blocks where parasitoids were released to control Chilo infuscatellus at weekly interval (52.4 %) as compared to fortnight (40.9%) and monthly intervals (32.7%). Mean parasitization was (42.7%) when 80,000 thousand parasitoids were released on monthly basis followed by 41.4% (40,000), 37.8% (20,000) and 34.0% (10,000). However the mean infestation was below economic threshold levels ranging from 5.3 to 6.5 % in all the blocks where the parasitoids were released in variable numbers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e09b2cb6155e3ebf51129bbb801de554" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890181,"asset_id":49566379,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890181/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566379"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566379"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566379; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566379]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566379]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566379; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566379']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e09b2cb6155e3ebf51129bbb801de554" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566379]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566379,"title":"Impact of Release Intervals and Densities of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Against the Sugarcane Stem Borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) under Field Conditions","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Lifescience Global","grobid_abstract":"The parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis parasitoids was found higher in the blocks where parasitoids were released to control Chilo infuscatellus at weekly interval (52.4 %) as compared to fortnight (40.9%) and monthly intervals (32.7%). Mean parasitization was (42.7%) when 80,000 thousand parasitoids were released on monthly basis followed by 41.4% (40,000), 37.8% (20,000) and 34.0% (10,000). However the mean infestation was below economic threshold levels ranging from 5.3 to 6.5 % in all the blocks where the parasitoids were released in variable numbers.","publication_name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890181},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566379/Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densities_of_Trichogramma_chilonis_Ishii_Hymenoptera_Trichogrammatidae_Against_the_Sugarcane_Stem_Borer_Chilo_infuscatellus_Lepidoptera_Pyralidae_under_Field_Conditions","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:33.622-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890181,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890181/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie20210706-7897-1885d5c.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890181/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890181/Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie20210706-7897-1885d5c.pdf?1738417343=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImpact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie.pdf\u0026Expires=1743572132\u0026Signature=L-sLMPqMuqfi3tZKZv6hPU0N4eOu8s8XBsgBUPWRdb7a5EohUxtm6H8AZp7Y~mit6uTxLMt4DQkyTOh8M1VWE7wQ3CLquM~6TOe6FKrnoE~WLqryJIxr~6eVNERBkfa1kAOwqwnwCoDKqx6oTv9VoxT9aoYpYLjIEmUPqXewh3j054u0F~PqcD38HdcxP3iWCHqO~Es9t5XK9XvhPHnooJCoYrlw0d5zmNVmPK0jdA6JeK7KOZ-SRIJKeSbrbAxNjlP5gnL1lGrW5Oxwr72eoj-EHRaLrWByhUzXC7ScgUvx6tBxNzT2TawBFewr6wLl8hXJzOybydvzgXhO-rbdRQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densities_of_Trichogramma_chilonis_Ishii_Hymenoptera_Trichogrammatidae_Against_the_Sugarcane_Stem_Borer_Chilo_infuscatellus_Lepidoptera_Pyralidae_under_Field_Conditions","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis parasitoids was found higher in the blocks where parasitoids were released to control Chilo infuscatellus at weekly interval (52.4 %) as compared to fortnight (40.9%) and monthly intervals (32.7%). Mean parasitization was (42.7%) when 80,000 thousand parasitoids were released on monthly basis followed by 41.4% (40,000), 37.8% (20,000) and 34.0% (10,000). However the mean infestation was below economic threshold levels ranging from 5.3 to 6.5 % in all the blocks where the parasitoids were released in variable numbers.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890181,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890181/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie20210706-7897-1885d5c.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890181/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890181/Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie20210706-7897-1885d5c.pdf?1738417343=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImpact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie.pdf\u0026Expires=1743572132\u0026Signature=L-sLMPqMuqfi3tZKZv6hPU0N4eOu8s8XBsgBUPWRdb7a5EohUxtm6H8AZp7Y~mit6uTxLMt4DQkyTOh8M1VWE7wQ3CLquM~6TOe6FKrnoE~WLqryJIxr~6eVNERBkfa1kAOwqwnwCoDKqx6oTv9VoxT9aoYpYLjIEmUPqXewh3j054u0F~PqcD38HdcxP3iWCHqO~Es9t5XK9XvhPHnooJCoYrlw0d5zmNVmPK0jdA6JeK7KOZ-SRIJKeSbrbAxNjlP5gnL1lGrW5Oxwr72eoj-EHRaLrWByhUzXC7ScgUvx6tBxNzT2TawBFewr6wLl8hXJzOybydvzgXhO-rbdRQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566379-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566378"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566378/A_comparison_of_pollinator_fig_wasp_development_in_figs_of_Ficus_montana_and_its_hybrids_with_Ficus_asperifolia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of pollinator fig wasp development in figs of Ficus montana and its hybrids with Ficus asperifolia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">A comparison of pollinator fig wasp development in figs of Ficus montana and its hybrids with Ficus asperifolia</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566378"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566378"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566378; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566377-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566376"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566376/Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non_pollinator_fig_wasps_correlations_between_their_numbers_can_be_misleading"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interactions between pollinator and non-pollinator fig wasps: correlations between their numbers can be misleading" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890174/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566376/Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non_pollinator_fig_wasps_correlations_between_their_numbers_can_be_misleading">Interactions between pollinator and non-pollinator fig wasps: correlations between their numbers can be misleading</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Entomological Science</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ficus and their species-specific pollinator fig wasps represent an obligate plant-insect mutualis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ficus and their species-specific pollinator fig wasps represent an obligate plant-insect mutualism, but figs also support a community of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) that consist of gall makers and parasitoids/inquilines. We studied interactions between Kradibia tentacularis, the pollinator of a dioecious fig tree species Ficus montana, and an undescribed NPFW Sycoscapter sp. Sycoscapter sp. oviposited 2-4 weeks after pollinator oviposition, when host larvae were present in the figs. No negative correlation was found between the numbers of the two wasp species emerging from figs in a seminatural population, which might suggest that the two species do not interact. However, in experiments where the numbers of pollinator foundresses entering a fig were controlled, Sycoscapter sp. significantly reduced the numbers of pollinator offspring. Consequently, it can be concluded that Sycoscapter sp. is a parasitoid of K. tentacularis (that may also feed on plant tissue). Sycoscapter females concentrate their oviposition in figs that contain more potential hosts, rendering invalid conclusions based on simple correlations of host and natural enemy numbers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4a509797edd4a8caa2055b82f351a2c2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890174,"asset_id":49566376,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890174/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566376"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566376"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566376; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566376]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566376]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566376; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566376']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4a509797edd4a8caa2055b82f351a2c2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566376]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566376,"title":"Interactions between pollinator and non-pollinator fig wasps: correlations between their numbers can be misleading","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","ai_title_tag":"Misleading Correlations in Fig Wasp Interactions","grobid_abstract":"Ficus and their species-specific pollinator fig wasps represent an obligate plant-insect mutualism, but figs also support a community of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) that consist of gall makers and parasitoids/inquilines. We studied interactions between Kradibia tentacularis, the pollinator of a dioecious fig tree species Ficus montana, and an undescribed NPFW Sycoscapter sp. Sycoscapter sp. oviposited 2-4 weeks after pollinator oviposition, when host larvae were present in the figs. No negative correlation was found between the numbers of the two wasp species emerging from figs in a seminatural population, which might suggest that the two species do not interact. However, in experiments where the numbers of pollinator foundresses entering a fig were controlled, Sycoscapter sp. significantly reduced the numbers of pollinator offspring. Consequently, it can be concluded that Sycoscapter sp. is a parasitoid of K. tentacularis (that may also feed on plant tissue). Sycoscapter females concentrate their oviposition in figs that contain more potential hosts, rendering invalid conclusions based on simple correlations of host and natural enemy numbers.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Entomological Science","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890174},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566376/Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non_pollinator_fig_wasps_correlations_between_their_numbers_can_be_misleading","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:33.397-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890174,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890174/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Interactions_20between_20pollinator_20and_20_20non_20RQ_201.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890174/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890174/Interactions_20between_20pollinator_20and_20_20non_20RQ_201-libre.pdf?1625565091=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInteractions_between_pollinator_and_non.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=Gz20PvFScUrmE3PoAY7p2v6R6nkwvIvYSaPJ34odHgLRldm3BRREJ-9utlztxbTIwwplXw0~4gq5-KxrdknFSVCLlWSzKOD-2sUyXL22LZLJHFoHLvbPpOjTU6ycg0bSSXgKZCb7d-Jl~4PB4IYLfD-trzGUqRfL9Uh5GQBqUEFtsL1FxlO7DrRC3GxksDtEzK8DS~B-Kllik8QU5cW~kt6utBhWaTWKj1blUQLlGKiv81rPRMUpD~ZqE99YkjXNdWVRrF9VawWtnKLGmrQyU6YR~bhjXMgHM-5pSmo5ykQTwbrIHV4Pfd-NcSY1pb~NMKB2eTXQzWGiBYuKDxDe3g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non_pollinator_fig_wasps_correlations_between_their_numbers_can_be_misleading","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Ficus and their species-specific pollinator fig wasps represent an obligate plant-insect mutualism, but figs also support a community of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) that consist of gall makers and parasitoids/inquilines. We studied interactions between Kradibia tentacularis, the pollinator of a dioecious fig tree species Ficus montana, and an undescribed NPFW Sycoscapter sp. Sycoscapter sp. oviposited 2-4 weeks after pollinator oviposition, when host larvae were present in the figs. No negative correlation was found between the numbers of the two wasp species emerging from figs in a seminatural population, which might suggest that the two species do not interact. However, in experiments where the numbers of pollinator foundresses entering a fig were controlled, Sycoscapter sp. significantly reduced the numbers of pollinator offspring. Consequently, it can be concluded that Sycoscapter sp. is a parasitoid of K. tentacularis (that may also feed on plant tissue). Sycoscapter females concentrate their oviposition in figs that contain more potential hosts, rendering invalid conclusions based on simple correlations of host and natural enemy numbers.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890174,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890174/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Interactions_20between_20pollinator_20and_20_20non_20RQ_201.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890174/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890174/Interactions_20between_20pollinator_20and_20_20non_20RQ_201-libre.pdf?1625565091=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInteractions_between_pollinator_and_non.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=Gz20PvFScUrmE3PoAY7p2v6R6nkwvIvYSaPJ34odHgLRldm3BRREJ-9utlztxbTIwwplXw0~4gq5-KxrdknFSVCLlWSzKOD-2sUyXL22LZLJHFoHLvbPpOjTU6ycg0bSSXgKZCb7d-Jl~4PB4IYLfD-trzGUqRfL9Uh5GQBqUEFtsL1FxlO7DrRC3GxksDtEzK8DS~B-Kllik8QU5cW~kt6utBhWaTWKj1blUQLlGKiv81rPRMUpD~ZqE99YkjXNdWVRrF9VawWtnKLGmrQyU6YR~bhjXMgHM-5pSmo5ykQTwbrIHV4Pfd-NcSY1pb~NMKB2eTXQzWGiBYuKDxDe3g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566376-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566375"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566375/Foundress_Fig_Wasps_are_More_Likely_to_Re_emerge_From_Older_Figs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Foundress Fig Wasps are More Likely to Re-emerge From Older Figs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890159/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566375/Foundress_Fig_Wasps_are_More_Likely_to_Re_emerge_From_Older_Figs">Foundress Fig Wasps are More Likely to Re-emerge From Older Figs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Insect Behavior</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media New York. 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Around half of the 800 or so fig tree species are functionally dioecious. Figs on male plants produce pollen and wasp offspring, whereas figs on female plants produce only seeds. Figs on female plants are traps for pollinators. The fig wasps enter the female figs to oviposit, but lose their wings on entry and are then prevented from oviposition by the long styles that characterise the flowers in female figs. Continuation of the mutualism depends on the pollinators' failure to distinguish between male and female figs before entry. Female plants may also have a negative impact on the parasitoid fig wasps that feed on pollinators, if they are also attracted to female figs. We used glasshouse populations of figs (with and without female plants), pollinators and parasitoids to infer the impact of female figs on fig wasp dynamics. Female plants may dampen the amplitudes of pollinator population cycles, and parasitoid populations may be less tightly coupled with host populations, but the presence of female figs did not reduce parasitism rates, nor parasitoid and pollinator densities, only parasitoid sex ratios were affected. Our glasshouse experimental design was likely to favour the impact of female figs on the wasp populations, which suggests that female plants in the field are unlikely to have a major negative impact on their pollinators, despite being a major mortality factor.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d984010546a501b2c27fa534d41de63d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890157,"asset_id":49566374,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890157/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566374"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566374]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566374']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d984010546a501b2c27fa534d41de63d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566374]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566374,"title":"Female figs as traps: Their impact on the dynamics of an experimental fig tree-pollinator-parasitoid community","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Interactions between fig trees (Ficus) and their pollinating fig wasps (Agaonidae) result 25 in both a highly species-specific nursery mutualism and mutual exploitation. 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Female plants may dampen the amplitudes of pollinator population cycles, and parasitoid populations may be less tightly coupled with host populations, but the presence of female figs did not reduce parasitism rates, nor parasitoid and pollinator densities, only parasitoid sex ratios were affected. 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Around half of the 800 or so fig tree species are functionally dioecious. Figs on male plants produce pollen and wasp offspring, whereas figs on female plants produce only seeds. Figs on female plants are traps for pollinators. The fig wasps enter the female figs to oviposit, but lose their wings on entry and are then prevented from oviposition by the long styles that characterise the flowers in female figs. Continuation of the mutualism depends on the pollinators' failure to distinguish between male and female figs before entry. Female plants may also have a negative impact on the parasitoid fig wasps that feed on pollinators, if they are also attracted to female figs. We used glasshouse populations of figs (with and without female plants), pollinators and parasitoids to infer the impact of female figs on fig wasp dynamics. Female plants may dampen the amplitudes of pollinator population cycles, and parasitoid populations may be less tightly coupled with host populations, but the presence of female figs did not reduce parasitism rates, nor parasitoid and pollinator densities, only parasitoid sex ratios were affected. Our glasshouse experimental design was likely to favour the impact of female figs on the wasp populations, which suggests that female plants in the field are unlikely to have a major negative impact on their pollinators, despite being a major mortality factor.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890157,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890157/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Female_20plants_20as_20traps_20paper_203.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890157/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Female_figs_as_traps_Their_impact_on_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890157/Female_20plants_20as_20traps_20paper_203-libre.pdf?1625565094=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFemale_figs_as_traps_Their_impact_on_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=Wc6xiN094E2L98rSDju6kcrEBtHxhNhRiBBCLE3ZUOorTyt0huON9dozfJ5dwXYRlfrDPqxmunandbfNO9NUfqosnxuH5z4mXwHAVkVc~wXUAA81ZE3tJAMmn6T8G59aaujvh-uJKhXsOCI~rCq1IkHOETMm~4GCxHljBMsPIyMK2dYqjLg4085UxUdKnexmD~uBebRxZxZAZQp2gi8eBfFKs2t08XZepVlCZDVjONpCbFOAsweCw-eNkzfYoFd9J1nIGhCH1k2IGjt9p6HWW4b-gSoVJWDVRubhG0RfG~7L6aNw50-tRyOj~8k9USpIfa5717itRiIJ-k-0mEsyEQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566374-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566373"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566373/Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_host_specificity_in_fig_wasps"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ability to gall: the ultimate basis of host specificity in fig wasps?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890158/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566373/Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_host_specificity_in_fig_wasps">Ability to gall: the ultimate basis of host specificity in fig wasps?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ecological Entomology</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">1. Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their host specific pollinator fig wasps (Agaonidae) are partners i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">1. Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their host specific pollinator fig wasps (Agaonidae) are partners in an obligate mutualism. Receptive phase figs release specific volatiles to attract their pollinators and this is generally effective in preventing pollinator species from entering figs of the wrong hosts. 2. If entry is attempted into atypical host figs then ostiole size and shape and style length may also prevent reproduction. Despite these barriers, there is increasing evidence that fig wasps enter atypical hosts, and that this can result in hybrid seed and fig wasp offspring. 3. This study examines the basis of pollinator specificity in two dioecious fig species from different geographical areas. Kradibiatentacularispollinates Ficusmontana in Asia.F. asperifolia from East Africa is closely related, but is pollinated by a different species of Kradibia. 4. In glasshouses,K. tentacularis was attracted to its normal host, F1s and backcrosses, but only rarely entered figs of F. asperifolia. Foundresses were able to lay eggs in hybrids, backcrosses and F. asperifolia, although flower occupancy was lowest in F. asperifoliafigs and intermediate in hybrids. 5. The fig wasp failed to reproduce in female F. montana, male F. asperifolia and male F1s, and most but not all backcrosses to F. montana. This was a result of the failure to initiate gall production. 6. Host specificity in this fig waspis strongly influenced by host volatiles, but ability to gall may be the ultimate determinant of whether it can reproduce.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bf71ec196d092295881c9d473bfeea25" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890158,"asset_id":49566373,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890158/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566373"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566373"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566373; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566373]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566373]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566373; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566373']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bf71ec196d092295881c9d473bfeea25" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566373]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566373,"title":"Ability to gall: the ultimate basis of host specificity in fig wasps?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"1. Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their host specific pollinator fig wasps (Agaonidae) are partners in an obligate mutualism. Receptive phase figs release specific volatiles to attract their pollinators and this is generally effective in preventing pollinator species from entering figs of the wrong hosts. 2. If entry is attempted into atypical host figs then ostiole size and shape and style length may also prevent reproduction. Despite these barriers, there is increasing evidence that fig wasps enter atypical hosts, and that this can result in hybrid seed and fig wasp offspring. 3. This study examines the basis of pollinator specificity in two dioecious fig species from different geographical areas. Kradibiatentacularispollinates Ficusmontana in Asia.F. asperifolia from East Africa is closely related, but is pollinated by a different species of Kradibia. 4. In glasshouses,K. tentacularis was attracted to its normal host, F1s and backcrosses, but only rarely entered figs of F. asperifolia. Foundresses were able to lay eggs in hybrids, backcrosses and F. asperifolia, although flower occupancy was lowest in F. asperifoliafigs and intermediate in hybrids. 5. The fig wasp failed to reproduce in female F. montana, male F. asperifolia and male F1s, and most but not all backcrosses to F. montana. This was a result of the failure to initiate gall production. 6. Host specificity in this fig waspis strongly influenced by host volatiles, but ability to gall may be the ultimate determinant of whether it can reproduce.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ecological Entomology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890158},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566373/Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_host_specificity_in_fig_wasps","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:33.173-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890158,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890158/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ComptonGhana_20for_20ecol_20entomol_20_2010_20Dec_201.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890158/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_ho.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890158/ComptonGhana_20for_20ecol_20entomol_20_2010_20Dec_201-libre.pdf?1625565094=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbility_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_ho.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=MHF~c86KTDCi94zyT7mFN056QhkDQRof9VJ21-JOPbARGQmxeTXa48iribXLwY8WtvaRC~6j-9EPshMLDiJotM9kQiIQOTJjw2R9Gz9w1LyGQwK-JKkCQ4WqzjBAZhMtZiWSgBfLqOqIO3Iubedb-9dyOYkVyEtclOY0J8A4OFkxHjZqA5MFrXCFcGBVngdoSpjtFB2T9hxegtYb3EwaTYbwkv6W-tCKOLyh3rsajZwzhkiVcybw4urC77s32uHcP4rkG~jJQfitLExAfJ7WDWFl~Ru6F8mVgbOjV4jv0jLPnYHXFRSNu89s43GIXPmfFN~k~E6ycdHcIsX2~WHqWg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_host_specificity_in_fig_wasps","translated_slug":"","page_count":40,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"1. Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their host specific pollinator fig wasps (Agaonidae) are partners in an obligate mutualism. Receptive phase figs release specific volatiles to attract their pollinators and this is generally effective in preventing pollinator species from entering figs of the wrong hosts. 2. If entry is attempted into atypical host figs then ostiole size and shape and style length may also prevent reproduction. Despite these barriers, there is increasing evidence that fig wasps enter atypical hosts, and that this can result in hybrid seed and fig wasp offspring. 3. This study examines the basis of pollinator specificity in two dioecious fig species from different geographical areas. Kradibiatentacularispollinates Ficusmontana in Asia.F. asperifolia from East Africa is closely related, but is pollinated by a different species of Kradibia. 4. In glasshouses,K. tentacularis was attracted to its normal host, F1s and backcrosses, but only rarely entered figs of F. asperifolia. Foundresses were able to lay eggs in hybrids, backcrosses and F. asperifolia, although flower occupancy was lowest in F. asperifoliafigs and intermediate in hybrids. 5. The fig wasp failed to reproduce in female F. montana, male F. asperifolia and male F1s, and most but not all backcrosses to F. montana. This was a result of the failure to initiate gall production. 6. Host specificity in this fig waspis strongly influenced by host volatiles, but ability to gall may be the ultimate determinant of whether it can reproduce.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890158,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890158/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ComptonGhana_20for_20ecol_20entomol_20_2010_20Dec_201.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890158/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_ho.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890158/ComptonGhana_20for_20ecol_20entomol_20_2010_20Dec_201-libre.pdf?1625565094=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbility_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_ho.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=MHF~c86KTDCi94zyT7mFN056QhkDQRof9VJ21-JOPbARGQmxeTXa48iribXLwY8WtvaRC~6j-9EPshMLDiJotM9kQiIQOTJjw2R9Gz9w1LyGQwK-JKkCQ4WqzjBAZhMtZiWSgBfLqOqIO3Iubedb-9dyOYkVyEtclOY0J8A4OFkxHjZqA5MFrXCFcGBVngdoSpjtFB2T9hxegtYb3EwaTYbwkv6W-tCKOLyh3rsajZwzhkiVcybw4urC77s32uHcP4rkG~jJQfitLExAfJ7WDWFl~Ru6F8mVgbOjV4jv0jLPnYHXFRSNu89s43GIXPmfFN~k~E6ycdHcIsX2~WHqWg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology"},{"id":207615,"name":"Hybrids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybrids"},{"id":312823,"name":"Ecological Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Entomology"},{"id":637499,"name":"Volatiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volatiles"},{"id":843856,"name":"Ecological Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566373-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566372"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566372/Heterodynamic_processes_in_Coccinella_septempunctata_L_Coccinellidae_Coleoptera_a_mini_review"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Heterodynamic processes in Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera): a mini review" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Heterodynamic processes in Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera): a mini review</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Entomological Science</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L. adults. Coccinella septempunctata (C-7), the seven spot, has attracted attention both in Europe and the USA for being heterogeneous as to the induction of diapause. A polyphenic character of diapause is a prominent feature in C. septempunctata and this phenomenon generally and often generates voltinism heterogeneity within populations. A greater part of the C-7 population shows an obligatory univoltine cycle, whereas a smaller proportion is facultatively polyvoltine. Coccinella s. bruckii in Japan is bivoltine, in which the first generation of adults aestivate while the second generation hibernates. This paper reviews this heterodynamic cycle and its importance in the life history of C-7, as reported from different regions of the world. Heterogeneous voltinism and diapause smooth the progress of a portion of C-7 populations to take benefit of aphids well into late summer and autumn. Understanding such variation and plasticity in the life history of this species can help in organizing proper biological control attempts using it as a biocontrol agent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566372"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566372"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566372; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566372]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566372]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566372; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566372']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566372]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566372,"title":"Heterodynamic processes in Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera): a mini review","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L. adults. Coccinella septempunctata (C-7), the seven spot, has attracted attention both in Europe and the USA for being heterogeneous as to the induction of diapause. A polyphenic character of diapause is a prominent feature in C. septempunctata and this phenomenon generally and often generates voltinism heterogeneity within populations. A greater part of the C-7 population shows an obligatory univoltine cycle, whereas a smaller proportion is facultatively polyvoltine. Coccinella s. bruckii in Japan is bivoltine, in which the first generation of adults aestivate while the second generation hibernates. This paper reviews this heterodynamic cycle and its importance in the life history of C-7, as reported from different regions of the world. Heterogeneous voltinism and diapause smooth the progress of a portion of C-7 populations to take benefit of aphids well into late summer and autumn. Understanding such variation and plasticity in the life history of this species can help in organizing proper biological control attempts using it as a biocontrol agent.","publisher":"Wiley","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Entomological Science"},"translated_abstract":"ABSTRACT Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L. adults. Coccinella septempunctata (C-7), the seven spot, has attracted attention both in Europe and the USA for being heterogeneous as to the induction of diapause. A polyphenic character of diapause is a prominent feature in C. septempunctata and this phenomenon generally and often generates voltinism heterogeneity within populations. A greater part of the C-7 population shows an obligatory univoltine cycle, whereas a smaller proportion is facultatively polyvoltine. Coccinella s. bruckii in Japan is bivoltine, in which the first generation of adults aestivate while the second generation hibernates. This paper reviews this heterodynamic cycle and its importance in the life history of C-7, as reported from different regions of the world. Heterogeneous voltinism and diapause smooth the progress of a portion of C-7 populations to take benefit of aphids well into late summer and autumn. Understanding such variation and plasticity in the life history of this species can help in organizing proper biological control attempts using it as a biocontrol agent.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566372/Heterodynamic_processes_in_Coccinella_septempunctata_L_Coccinellidae_Coleoptera_a_mini_review","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:33.097-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Heterodynamic_processes_in_Coccinella_septempunctata_L_Coccinellidae_Coleoptera_a_mini_review","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"ABSTRACT Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L. adults. Coccinella septempunctata (C-7), the seven spot, has attracted attention both in Europe and the USA for being heterogeneous as to the induction of diapause. A polyphenic character of diapause is a prominent feature in C. septempunctata and this phenomenon generally and often generates voltinism heterogeneity within populations. A greater part of the C-7 population shows an obligatory univoltine cycle, whereas a smaller proportion is facultatively polyvoltine. Coccinella s. bruckii in Japan is bivoltine, in which the first generation of adults aestivate while the second generation hibernates. This paper reviews this heterodynamic cycle and its importance in the life history of C-7, as reported from different regions of the world. Heterogeneous voltinism and diapause smooth the progress of a portion of C-7 populations to take benefit of aphids well into late summer and autumn. Understanding such variation and plasticity in the life history of this species can help in organizing proper biological control attempts using it as a biocontrol agent.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566372-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566371"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566371/Evaluation_of_Resistance_in_Different_Chickpea_Strains_to_Callosobruchus_chinensis_Linnaeus_Coleoptera_Bruchidae_under_Laboratory_Conditions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Resistance in Different Chickpea Strains to Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus (Coleoptera:Bruchidae) under Laboratory Conditions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890169/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566371/Evaluation_of_Resistance_in_Different_Chickpea_Strains_to_Callosobruchus_chinensis_Linnaeus_Coleoptera_Bruchidae_under_Laboratory_Conditions">Evaluation of Resistance in Different Chickpea Strains to Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus (Coleoptera:Bruchidae) under Laboratory Conditions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="da5085d9975c4f60e50595a35f67da2d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890169,"asset_id":49566371,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890169/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566371"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566371"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566371; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566371-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566370"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566370/Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus_Linnaeus_Compositae_in_the_Potohar_Region_of_Pakistan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Insect Pests found on Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Compositae) in the Potohar Region of Pakistan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890154/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566370/Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus_Linnaeus_Compositae_in_the_Potohar_Region_of_Pakistan">Insect Pests found on Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Compositae) in the Potohar Region of Pakistan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">and Tret etc.) were carried out during early, growing and anthesis stages of sunflower plants (bo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">and Tret etc.) were carried out during early, growing and anthesis stages of sunflower plants (both spring and autumn 1999) under UGC/UAAR Sunflower Project. The insect pests found sunflower (cultivated and wild) included Chrotogonus spp. (Grass hopper), Agrotis spp. (Cut worm), Odontotermes obesus (White ants), Agapanthia dahlii (Stem borer), Melanagromyza spp. (Stem girdler), Aphis gossypii (Cotton aphid), Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) Agrius convolvoli (Horn worm), Empoasca spp. (Jassid), Suleima helianthana (Sunflower bud moth), Helicoverpa (Heliothis) spp.(Boll worm),Spodoptera litura (Tobacco caterpillar), Plusia orichalcea (Cabbage semi-looper), Homoeosoma electellum (Sunflower moth), Nezara viridula (Green stink bug) Diacrisia obliquata (Hairy catterpillar), Myllocerus blandus (Cotton green weevil), Zygogramma exclamationis (Sunflower beetle) and Smicronyx spp. (Sunflower seed weevil).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="827d7857350b9c9a2fc9815b592700f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890154,"asset_id":49566370,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890154/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566370"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566370"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566370; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566370]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566370]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566370; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566370']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "827d7857350b9c9a2fc9815b592700f8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566370]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566370,"title":"Insect Pests found on Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Compositae) in the Potohar Region of Pakistan","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"and Tret etc.) were carried out during early, growing and anthesis stages of sunflower plants (both spring and autumn 1999) under UGC/UAAR Sunflower Project. The insect pests found sunflower (cultivated and wild) included Chrotogonus spp. (Grass hopper), Agrotis spp. (Cut worm), Odontotermes obesus (White ants), Agapanthia dahlii (Stem borer), Melanagromyza spp. (Stem girdler), Aphis gossypii (Cotton aphid), Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) Agrius convolvoli (Horn worm), Empoasca spp. (Jassid), Suleima helianthana (Sunflower bud moth), Helicoverpa (Heliothis) spp.(Boll worm),Spodoptera litura (Tobacco caterpillar), Plusia orichalcea (Cabbage semi-looper), Homoeosoma electellum (Sunflower moth), Nezara viridula (Green stink bug) Diacrisia obliquata (Hairy catterpillar), Myllocerus blandus (Cotton green weevil), Zygogramma exclamationis (Sunflower beetle) and Smicronyx spp. (Sunflower seed weevil).","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2000,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890154},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566370/Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus_Linnaeus_Compositae_in_the_Potohar_Region_of_Pakistan","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:32.915-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890154,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890154/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"qredirect.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890154/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890154/qredirect-libre.pdf?1625565091=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInsect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=MEMWyTmBcICXfhEhLPoQI9tudvvVsCAR1pFsnPrvSEXGjcnQ5bk528gnOFIR9Rl5wOwTzB-aG~orcVIjjVePzT-rtAGy7hOLihT81xkNtsGwxPiAuI7ZoyvzEmpddbxN0NdASrG3RveVRu8yq0I0~0XAnaDpU3i~S05RqoY8shPF3uT~61beb9uiOYn6pZ7e8PNfJIzcFg6~3YXSTIYfNUT2losnKWQI0iRhsXfayUTY6o-nPcRNhCHMaAG58tuZ3OfoFG4YMTizus~m-pCQHLZxPx4Xxjkw0TmoYM5HA2ePlj6s0Wp6jiVDxOMynFfPMKPCCads8PGQbr3yGKxeJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus_Linnaeus_Compositae_in_the_Potohar_Region_of_Pakistan","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"and Tret etc.) were carried out during early, growing and anthesis stages of sunflower plants (both spring and autumn 1999) under UGC/UAAR Sunflower Project. The insect pests found sunflower (cultivated and wild) included Chrotogonus spp. (Grass hopper), Agrotis spp. (Cut worm), Odontotermes obesus (White ants), Agapanthia dahlii (Stem borer), Melanagromyza spp. (Stem girdler), Aphis gossypii (Cotton aphid), Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) Agrius convolvoli (Horn worm), Empoasca spp. (Jassid), Suleima helianthana (Sunflower bud moth), Helicoverpa (Heliothis) spp.(Boll worm),Spodoptera litura (Tobacco caterpillar), Plusia orichalcea (Cabbage semi-looper), Homoeosoma electellum (Sunflower moth), Nezara viridula (Green stink bug) Diacrisia obliquata (Hairy catterpillar), Myllocerus blandus (Cotton green weevil), Zygogramma exclamationis (Sunflower beetle) and Smicronyx spp. (Sunflower seed weevil).","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890154,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890154/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"qredirect.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890154/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890154/qredirect-libre.pdf?1625565091=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInsect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=MEMWyTmBcICXfhEhLPoQI9tudvvVsCAR1pFsnPrvSEXGjcnQ5bk528gnOFIR9Rl5wOwTzB-aG~orcVIjjVePzT-rtAGy7hOLihT81xkNtsGwxPiAuI7ZoyvzEmpddbxN0NdASrG3RveVRu8yq0I0~0XAnaDpU3i~S05RqoY8shPF3uT~61beb9uiOYn6pZ7e8PNfJIzcFg6~3YXSTIYfNUT2losnKWQI0iRhsXfayUTY6o-nPcRNhCHMaAG58tuZ3OfoFG4YMTizus~m-pCQHLZxPx4Xxjkw0TmoYM5HA2ePlj6s0Wp6jiVDxOMynFfPMKPCCads8PGQbr3yGKxeJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Pollinating fig wasps are widely used in such studies because their ecology resembles theory assumptions, but the cues used by foundresses to assess potential LMC have not previously been determined. We show that Liporrhopalum tentacularis females (foundresses) use their clutch size as a cue. First, we make use of species ecology (foundresses lay multiple clutches, with second clutches smaller than first) to show that increases in sex ratio in multi-foundress figs occur only when foundresses are oviposition site limited, i.e. that there is no direct response to foundress density. Second, we introduce a novel technique to quantify foundress oviposition sequences and show, consistent with the theoretical predictions concerning clutch size-only strategies, that they produce mainly male offspring at the start of bouts, followed by mostly females interspersed by a few males. We then discuss the implications of our findings for our understanding of the limits of the ability of natural selection to produce 'perfect' organisms, and for our understanding of when different cue use patterns evolve.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b2de74b1b3355e3f68001218caf1dfa0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890166,"asset_id":49566368,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890166/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566368"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566368"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566368; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566368]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566368]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566368; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566368']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b2de74b1b3355e3f68001218caf1dfa0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566368]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566368,"title":"The mechanism of sex ratio adjustment in a pollinating fig wasp","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"The Royal Society","ai_title_tag":"Sex Ratio Adjustment Mechanism in Pollinating Fig Wasps","grobid_abstract":"Sex ratio strategies in species subject to local mate competition (LMC), and in particular their fit to quantitative theoretical predictions, provide insight into constraints upon adaptation. 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We then discuss the implications of our findings for our understanding of the limits of the ability of natural selection to produce 'perfect' organisms, and for our understanding of when different cue use patterns evolve.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890166},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566368/The_mechanism_of_sex_ratio_adjustment_in_a_pollinating_fig_wasp","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:32.736-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890166,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890166/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_mechanism_of_sex_ratio_adjustment_in20210706-19163-1132sgt.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890166/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_mechanism_of_sex_ratio_adjustment_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890166/The_mechanism_of_sex_ratio_adjustment_in20210706-19163-1132sgt.pdf?1738417343=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_mechanism_of_sex_ratio_adjustment_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=X4Cw0fuyxhWK3mB0-tP~xS2RvgWZbk-SyL34iL59e2Vp1moCk0dsNsymX5F4KsiXOMShSZbtDP4628gxlZRM4-vt3koB2d9jGsvU29Iog1IxGMWbd2vqsf8DO3X5xChumSL2U0SwREofWajAZP634eM4ODJahu9jnREI65~zVNcDKV2JVmwOp4JazBUVL3cbDNVUHxRPgTi~bvknlyUvSLIYY5dtR1dUT0ZaZ0m47xsgaXLD8iITxdgXrJNSauGyBGwbVnQh3X9q3RGXmOkY-uVF5D1osNSRPDMst1SItCdLJOtiuGHLf0HvPCp0ozAd8jpNHKcXWgr1sH9skhvu6A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_mechanism_of_sex_ratio_adjustment_in_a_pollinating_fig_wasp","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Sex ratio strategies in species subject to local mate competition (LMC), and in particular their fit to quantitative theoretical predictions, provide insight into constraints upon adaptation. Pollinating fig wasps are widely used in such studies because their ecology resembles theory assumptions, but the cues used by foundresses to assess potential LMC have not previously been determined. We show that Liporrhopalum tentacularis females (foundresses) use their clutch size as a cue. First, we make use of species ecology (foundresses lay multiple clutches, with second clutches smaller than first) to show that increases in sex ratio in multi-foundress figs occur only when foundresses are oviposition site limited, i.e. that there is no direct response to foundress density. Second, we introduce a novel technique to quantify foundress oviposition sequences and show, consistent with the theoretical predictions concerning clutch size-only strategies, that they produce mainly male offspring at the start of bouts, followed by mostly females interspersed by a few males. We then discuss the implications of our findings for our understanding of the limits of the ability of natural selection to produce 'perfect' organisms, and for our understanding of when different cue use patterns evolve.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890166,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890166/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_mechanism_of_sex_ratio_adjustment_in20210706-19163-1132sgt.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890166/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_mechanism_of_sex_ratio_adjustment_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890166/The_mechanism_of_sex_ratio_adjustment_in20210706-19163-1132sgt.pdf?1738417343=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_mechanism_of_sex_ratio_adjustment_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=X4Cw0fuyxhWK3mB0-tP~xS2RvgWZbk-SyL34iL59e2Vp1moCk0dsNsymX5F4KsiXOMShSZbtDP4628gxlZRM4-vt3koB2d9jGsvU29Iog1IxGMWbd2vqsf8DO3X5xChumSL2U0SwREofWajAZP634eM4ODJahu9jnREI65~zVNcDKV2JVmwOp4JazBUVL3cbDNVUHxRPgTi~bvknlyUvSLIYY5dtR1dUT0ZaZ0m47xsgaXLD8iITxdgXrJNSauGyBGwbVnQh3X9q3RGXmOkY-uVF5D1osNSRPDMst1SItCdLJOtiuGHLf0HvPCp0ozAd8jpNHKcXWgr1sH9skhvu6A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11190,"name":"Pollination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollination"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":78398,"name":"Wasps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wasps"},{"id":88325,"name":"Cues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cues"},{"id":90987,"name":"Sex ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_ratio"},{"id":151960,"name":"Clutch Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clutch_Size"},{"id":162645,"name":"Population Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Density"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":499699,"name":"Oviposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oviposition"},{"id":2253257,"name":"Wing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wing"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566368-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566367"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566367/A_comparison_of_growth_and_reproduction_under_laboratory_conditions_of_males_and_females_of_a_dioecious_fig_tree"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of growth and reproduction, under laboratory conditions, of males and females of a dioecious fig tree" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890167/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566367/A_comparison_of_growth_and_reproduction_under_laboratory_conditions_of_males_and_females_of_a_dioecious_fig_tree">A comparison of growth and reproduction, under laboratory conditions, of males and females of a dioecious fig tree</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Plant Systematics and Evolution</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer-Verlag. 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This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author's version for posting to your own website or your institution's repository. 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Laboratory rearing of predatory ladybirds often need a live host particularly aphids. Studies were conducted to check the suitability of live and frozen rose and mustard aphids to rear seven spotted ladybird beetle under two feeding conditions i.e., fed normally (unstarved beetles) or hungry (starved) for 16 hours. Results showed that hungriness may affect the food consumption efficiency. When the beetles were not starved, they showed preference for eating live mustard aphids as compared to frozen (Mean ± SE = 6.24 ± 0.37 live aphids, 4.43 ± 0.40frozen aphids). Similar trend was observed on rose aphids (6.51 ± 0.5 (live aphids) and 4.86 ± 0.49 (frozen aphids)). But the adults in starved condition consumed equal number of live and frozen aphids. During the 1 st hour, starved beet...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6755c0580322d304a5f01543b98e030b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":103766342,"asset_id":103885018,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103766342/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="103885018"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="103885018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 103885018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=103885018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=103885018]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 103885018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='103885018']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6755c0580322d304a5f01543b98e030b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=103885018]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":103885018,"title":"Feeding potential of the predatory ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) as affected by the hunger levels on natural host species","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Ladybird beetles/Ladybugs, both adults and larvae, are well-known primarily as predators of aphids (plant lice); however, they also prey upon many other soft bodied insects and eggs of different borers. Laboratory rearing of predatory ladybirds often need a live host particularly aphids. Studies were conducted to check the suitability of live and frozen rose and mustard aphids to rear seven spotted ladybird beetle under two feeding conditions i.e., fed normally (unstarved beetles) or hungry (starved) for 16 hours. Results showed that hungriness may affect the food consumption efficiency. When the beetles were not starved, they showed preference for eating live mustard aphids as compared to frozen (Mean ± SE = 6.24 ± 0.37 live aphids, 4.43 ± 0.40frozen aphids). Similar trend was observed on rose aphids (6.51 ± 0.5 (live aphids) and 4.86 ± 0.49 (frozen aphids)). But the adults in starved condition consumed equal number of live and frozen aphids. During the 1 st hour, starved beet...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Ladybird beetles/Ladybugs, both adults and larvae, are well-known primarily as predators of aphids (plant lice); however, they also prey upon many other soft bodied insects and eggs of different borers. Laboratory rearing of predatory ladybirds often need a live host particularly aphids. Studies were conducted to check the suitability of live and frozen rose and mustard aphids to rear seven spotted ladybird beetle under two feeding conditions i.e., fed normally (unstarved beetles) or hungry (starved) for 16 hours. Results showed that hungriness may affect the food consumption efficiency. When the beetles were not starved, they showed preference for eating live mustard aphids as compared to frozen (Mean ± SE = 6.24 ± 0.37 live aphids, 4.43 ± 0.40frozen aphids). Similar trend was observed on rose aphids (6.51 ± 0.5 (live aphids) and 4.86 ± 0.49 (frozen aphids)). But the adults in starved condition consumed equal number of live and frozen aphids. 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Laboratory rearing of predatory ladybirds often need a live host particularly aphids. Studies were conducted to check the suitability of live and frozen rose and mustard aphids to rear seven spotted ladybird beetle under two feeding conditions i.e., fed normally (unstarved beetles) or hungry (starved) for 16 hours. Results showed that hungriness may affect the food consumption efficiency. When the beetles were not starved, they showed preference for eating live mustard aphids as compared to frozen (Mean ± SE = 6.24 ± 0.37 live aphids, 4.43 ± 0.40frozen aphids). Similar trend was observed on rose aphids (6.51 ± 0.5 (live aphids) and 4.86 ± 0.49 (frozen aphids)). But the adults in starved condition consumed equal number of live and frozen aphids. During the 1 st hour, starved beet...","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":103766342,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103766342/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4.1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103766342/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Feeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladyb.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/103766342/4.1-libre.pdf?1687779775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFeeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladyb.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=TNKGCvEM1mO0wSPkpUTFz9m9grCHEivE3wEsVGT8lt5x1HVa-vUHkbb2V6hjP~F1UaqYG8z2L0KfPD2nQZ~VUhQpGisr3M32KqsTzO1DG6rO~VUZIet~HbFbwjvMqS7nKOYCBr1k9uWhejWFLvpNYRc2lo4D2X7HD2FAl0TV2hq4jac9-7eRVWaYmusTulZgLw9V-yA4Aw9N9avmk0ChzqLudHXahMPJcgcSEiGghnwAp8zgq-KQsIG2-RKXxI2Q9QtLm8g~UuArSk9u3qEJUo3jK3HMazr2PyzPlXmNMPCc-rXThqWILApcx4oM8~BpiLuB4nDp95j1LevXue4u9g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":103766341,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103766341/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4.1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103766341/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Feeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladyb.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/103766341/4.1-libre.pdf?1687779773=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFeeding_potential_of_the_predatory_ladyb.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=MPRC03lF8~7Ra-s1pIsVJxA0r3Czd0YleXCOk4TlonTL8JzJzLZ0ynP0Sr2dLnJJYCoqvoP1daw9o3k8-1gvS6trks~LD8JZyqL6fkG-8crjf0lcejcNyCyizR8ORVbL7UOJPAM4fxBxmwVzcHvy6V2RuVP2zddAvO0oZ9Yxa4OX57k~frsDBY73BcJftX8ewm1QrnfV8a7d0eu9--Cre8ztaxD7~ZBBlJmt-xND-9tRtN-PWGa7v4oCB0dbgumjByx1vn4CQpMdbMjRPEFGw3HPMQz5saAat7huh6t6AThvPqfYQJgo4H1PhyWB3yGIjxm8oQJjTYzQZftzIOtKbA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":53433,"name":"Coccinellidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coccinellidae"},{"id":88930,"name":"Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation"},{"id":235379,"name":"Predator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator"},{"id":2012703,"name":"Coccinella septempunctata L","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coccinella_septempunctata_L"}],"urls":[{"id":32538903,"url":"http://ppmj.net/index.php/ppmj/article/download/78/4.1.4"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-103885018-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="92750555"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/92750555/Occurrence_and_molecular_identification_of_an_invasive_rice_strain_of_fall_armyworm_Spodoptera_frugiperda_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_from_Sindh_Pakistan_using_mitochondrial_cytochrome_c_oxidase_I_gene_sequences"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95676620/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92750555/Occurrence_and_molecular_identification_of_an_invasive_rice_strain_of_fall_armyworm_Spodoptera_frugiperda_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_from_Sindh_Pakistan_using_mitochondrial_cytochrome_c_oxidase_I_gene_sequences">Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NC...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9bf21c9b19df3a7d7b675f72078c68d4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95676620,"asset_id":92750555,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95676620/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92750555"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92750555"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92750555; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92750555]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92750555]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92750555; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92750555']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9bf21c9b19df3a7d7b675f72078c68d4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92750555]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92750555,"title":"Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NC...","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection"},"translated_abstract":"The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NC...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92750555/Occurrence_and_molecular_identification_of_an_invasive_rice_strain_of_fall_armyworm_Spodoptera_frugiperda_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_from_Sindh_Pakistan_using_mitochondrial_cytochrome_c_oxidase_I_gene_sequences","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-12-12T20:03:55.663-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":95676620,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95676620/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s41348-021-00548-6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95676620/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Occurrence_and_molecular_identification.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/95676620/s41348-021-00548-6-libre.pdf?1670909790=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOccurrence_and_molecular_identification.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=LQ91YoPkgbPDpwk09Sl0GDfctCHiKrfVHvzRCdr-tZpBeKjGUlMQjTPvLKyfkiC-xKNzbMSum3Rw9O5P~vXOS31ea4ZMHXV2sndy~2OO1FsDOd63s4A~psXA-1Bsjv0YXMIbyzs-i~K8Y-d5jj4O9aIWoMHWVPIrLYrljRFhM4n0~mf0vWbp5me9qpKafrDoZgeWGejQa-HLOvDyw3PMd4Is9sg9WzgfhB-7yb0aTifEduar8kUILn-z4YLfYrY8Wd~0Y78J0esqvIZhQOK3iSmbzgXrMzdEUPUGYteCaqz6OcE-EO9DLl3sEfqHKKhbfY9dc3bV0zkEtZRkVx~lgQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Occurrence_and_molecular_identification_of_an_invasive_rice_strain_of_fall_armyworm_Spodoptera_frugiperda_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_from_Sindh_Pakistan_using_mitochondrial_cytochrome_c_oxidase_I_gene_sequences","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. 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In functionally dioecious figs, the fig wasp larvae can only develop in the figs of male plants. Female plants have &#39;tomb blossoms&#39; where the pollinators fail to reproduce and only seeds develop. Some foundress fig wasps can nonetheless re-emerge from figs after entry, so why do they not rapidly leave female figs without pollinating them? Selection on fig wasp behaviour generated on male fig trees, but expressed on both male and female plants, may provide an explanation. Wasps that re-emerge from female figs have no wings and will never reproduce. Consequently, natural selection cannot influence wasp behaviour once they enter a female fig and their behaviour should reflect what is optimal in male figs. Consistent with this explanation, pollin...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="85bf642456ab9209a20207389347f8d3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95676589,"asset_id":92750537,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95676589/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92750537"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92750537"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92750537; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92750537]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92750537]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92750537; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92750537']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "85bf642456ab9209a20207389347f8d3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92750537]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92750537,"title":"Why do fig wasps pollinate female figs","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The relationship between fig trees and their pollinator fig wasps is one of the best known examples of a highly-specific plant-insect mutualism, involving pollen-carrying foundress female fig wasps that enter the figs to lay their eggs. In functionally dioecious figs, the fig wasp larvae can only develop in the figs of male plants. Female plants have \u0026#39;tomb blossoms\u0026#39; where the pollinators fail to reproduce and only seeds develop. Some foundress fig wasps can nonetheless re-emerge from figs after entry, so why do they not rapidly leave female figs without pollinating them? Selection on fig wasp behaviour generated on male fig trees, but expressed on both male and female plants, may provide an explanation. Wasps that re-emerge from female figs have no wings and will never reproduce. Consequently, natural selection cannot influence wasp behaviour once they enter a female fig and their behaviour should reflect what is optimal in male figs. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-92750537-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566383"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566383/Effect_of_gamma_irradiation_and_subsequent_cold_storage_on_the_development_and_predatory_potential_of_seven_spotted_ladybird_beetle_Coccinella_septempunctata_Linnaeus_Coleoptera_Coccinellidae_larvae"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of gamma irradiation and subsequent cold storage on the development and predatory potential of seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) larvae" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890143/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566383/Effect_of_gamma_irradiation_and_subsequent_cold_storage_on_the_development_and_predatory_potential_of_seven_spotted_ladybird_beetle_Coccinella_septempunctata_Linnaeus_Coleoptera_Coccinellidae_larvae">Effect of gamma irradiation and subsequent cold storage on the development and predatory potential of seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) larvae</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Seven spot ladybird beetle, (Coccinella septempunctata) is a widely distributed natural enemy of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Seven spot ladybird beetle, (Coccinella septempunctata) is a widely distributed natural enemy of soft-bodied insect pests especially aphids worldwide. Both the adult and larvae of this coccinellid beetle are voracious feeders and serve as a commercially available biological control agent around the globe. Different techniques are adopted to enhance the mass rearing and storage of this natural enemy by taking advantage of its natural ability to withstand under extremely low temperatures and entering diapause under unfavorable low temperature conditions. The key objective of this study was to develop a cost effective technique for enhancing the storage life and predatory potential of the larvae of C. septempunctata through cold storage in conjunction with the use of nuclear techniques, gamma radiations. Results showed that the host eating potential of larvae was enhanced as the cold storage duration was increased. Gamma irradiation further enhanced the feeding potential of larvae that were kept under cold storage. Different irradiation doses also affected the development time of C. septempuntata larvae significantly. Without cold storage, the lower radiation doses (10 and 25 GY) prolonged the developmental time as compared to un-irradiated larvae. Furthermore, the higher dose of radiation (50GY) increased the developmental time after removal from cold storage. This study first time paves the way to use radiation in conjunction with cold storage as an effective technique in implementation of different biological control approaches as a part of any IPM programs. Key word: Gamma irradiations; cold storage, Coccinella septempunctata larvae; predatory potential; integrated pest management programme NTRODUCTION: Nuclear techniques such as gamma radiations have a vast application in different programmes of biological control including continuous supply of sterilized host and improved rearing techniques (Greany and Carpenter, 2000; Cai et al., 2017). Similarly irradiation can be used for sentinelhost eggs and larvae for monitoring survival and distribution of parasitoids (Jordão-paranhos et al.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e9e225f659ea9629ecc063b67292e7f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890143,"asset_id":49566383,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890143/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566383"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566383]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566383']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4e9e225f659ea9629ecc063b67292e7f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566383]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566383,"title":"Effect of gamma irradiation and subsequent cold storage on the development and predatory potential of seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) larvae","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Scientific Platform","ai_title_tag":"Enhancing Coccinella septempunctata via Irradiation","grobid_abstract":"Seven spot ladybird beetle, (Coccinella septempunctata) is a widely distributed natural enemy of soft-bodied insect pests especially aphids worldwide. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566381-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566380"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566380/Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the_Biological_Parameters_of_Chrysoperla_carnea_under_Laboratory_Conditions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Different Photo Periods on the Biological Parameters of Chrysoperla carnea under Laboratory Conditions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890175/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566380/Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the_Biological_Parameters_of_Chrysoperla_carnea_under_Laboratory_Conditions">Effect of Different Photo Periods on the Biological Parameters of Chrysoperla carnea under Laboratory Conditions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Many insects are known to give response in adaptive way for seasonal changes in day lengths. Phot...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Many insects are known to give response in adaptive way for seasonal changes in day lengths. Photoperiod control's many developmental responses and allows insects to survive periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different photoperiod lengths on biological parameters of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea. Four different photoperiod regimes were selected with varying lengths of light/dark hours (8/16, 10/14, 24/0 and 0/24) at a constant 26±2°C temperature with 70 % RH (relative humidity) in the laboratory. Photoperiod regimes affected the development of C. carnea from egg to adult. In complete darkness (L: 0 D: 24), minimum egg laying, hatching, larval survival and adult emergence were recorded. Incubation period for eggs, larval period and pupal duration were also significantly longer in complete darkness as compared to other treatments 8L: 16D and 10L: 14D. Whereas, the treatment with complete light hours (L: 24, D: 0) resulted in maximum egg laying hatching, larval survival and adult emergence. The incubation period for eggs, larval and pupal duration significantly shortened as compared to other treatments.Sex ratios skewed towards female when full light hours were provided for development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-49566380-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-49566380-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43594796/figure-1-effect-of-photoperiod-on-the-female-biased-sex"><img alt="Figure 1: Effect of photoperiod on the female biased sex ratio of C. camea. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67890175/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43594805/figure-1-these-glass-jars-were-covered-with-black-muslin"><img alt="These glass jars were covered with black muslin cloth for egg laying. These covers were changed daily to record observation on fecundity (no of egg laid) by C. camea females, eggs of laboratory reared host Sitotroga cerealella (olive) were provided inside the changed cover for feeding to newly hatched larvae of C. camea. After three days observation were recorded on hatching percentage, hatching time (incubation period), larval period, larval survival (No. of pupae obtained), pupal period, pupal survival (Adult emergence) and sex ratio. Experiment was replicated four times. photoperiods. The Complete darkness (L: 0 D: 24), resulted in minimum number of egg lying (19.5+0.67), reduced hatching (5.8+0.70), decreased larval survival (No. of pupae) (3.540.66) and reduction in adult emergence (2.8+0.96). Which compared with the treatments of 8L: 16D and 10L: 14D.The incubation period (hatching time) (5.340.33), larval (11.6+0.33) and pupal (10.3+40.33) durations was observed significantly longer at short photoperiod (L: 0, D: 24) compared with other treatments. 8L: 16D and 10L: 14D. Also, maximum sex ratios were observed in female production under full light hours (Figure 1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/67890175/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-49566380-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="45e401d49d88a7ab9fff25f51399fe5e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890175,"asset_id":49566380,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890175/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566380"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566380"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566380; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566380]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566380]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566380; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566380']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "45e401d49d88a7ab9fff25f51399fe5e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566380]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566380,"title":"Effect of Different Photo Periods on the Biological Parameters of Chrysoperla carnea under Laboratory Conditions","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Lifescience Global","grobid_abstract":"Many insects are known to give response in adaptive way for seasonal changes in day lengths. Photoperiod control's many developmental responses and allows insects to survive periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different photoperiod lengths on biological parameters of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea. Four different photoperiod regimes were selected with varying lengths of light/dark hours (8/16, 10/14, 24/0 and 0/24) at a constant 26±2°C temperature with 70 % RH (relative humidity) in the laboratory. Photoperiod regimes affected the development of C. carnea from egg to adult. In complete darkness (L: 0 D: 24), minimum egg laying, hatching, larval survival and adult emergence were recorded. Incubation period for eggs, larval period and pupal duration were also significantly longer in complete darkness as compared to other treatments 8L: 16D and 10L: 14D. Whereas, the treatment with complete light hours (L: 24, D: 0) resulted in maximum egg laying hatching, larval survival and adult emergence. The incubation period for eggs, larval and pupal duration significantly shortened as compared to other treatments.Sex ratios skewed towards female when full light hours were provided for development.","publication_name":"Journal of Basic \u0026 Applied Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890175},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566380/Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the_Biological_Parameters_of_Chrysoperla_carnea_under_Laboratory_Conditions","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:33.695-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890175,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890175/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the20210706-7904-7qy6rz.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890175/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890175/Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the20210706-7904-7qy6rz.pdf?1738417343=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=TC4me-llaYYABv1KcWZ2HjicwzO9d1X5-CNAe0d7ww6TX7zvuU2bgUoROqA-DOibCpoHvD50BWN3bxUrXYLpJDy~aCeP3F2QoHYPvFI-5Wgc2KiYjghqQ2IhWYtDTlDaivH9Z9NrcT1REwnI0l5Nh3ik3FdWzi0wmlW9PTVDLxekGG4-gqtm0rkiNEvwpm~YQMqEK26ECMMkX9nL3GnYRb2Mx85Iy4EJysNKxvHx-Gc2noKX5lwNuwn6CNTL6tHMra9Nt2RuAYSxSZ7m94j544e2nUaP0KxCq9pUenSoiFVL3suLDvW8e7bPKxsZFA22CP3Xm76SIMKyQ-CPZSAEtw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the_Biological_Parameters_of_Chrysoperla_carnea_under_Laboratory_Conditions","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Many insects are known to give response in adaptive way for seasonal changes in day lengths. Photoperiod control's many developmental responses and allows insects to survive periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different photoperiod lengths on biological parameters of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea. Four different photoperiod regimes were selected with varying lengths of light/dark hours (8/16, 10/14, 24/0 and 0/24) at a constant 26±2°C temperature with 70 % RH (relative humidity) in the laboratory. Photoperiod regimes affected the development of C. carnea from egg to adult. In complete darkness (L: 0 D: 24), minimum egg laying, hatching, larval survival and adult emergence were recorded. Incubation period for eggs, larval period and pupal duration were also significantly longer in complete darkness as compared to other treatments 8L: 16D and 10L: 14D. Whereas, the treatment with complete light hours (L: 24, D: 0) resulted in maximum egg laying hatching, larval survival and adult emergence. The incubation period for eggs, larval and pupal duration significantly shortened as compared to other treatments.Sex ratios skewed towards female when full light hours were provided for development.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890175,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890175/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the20210706-7904-7qy6rz.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890175/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890175/Effect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the20210706-7904-7qy6rz.pdf?1738417343=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffect_of_Different_Photo_Periods_on_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601804\u0026Signature=TC4me-llaYYABv1KcWZ2HjicwzO9d1X5-CNAe0d7ww6TX7zvuU2bgUoROqA-DOibCpoHvD50BWN3bxUrXYLpJDy~aCeP3F2QoHYPvFI-5Wgc2KiYjghqQ2IhWYtDTlDaivH9Z9NrcT1REwnI0l5Nh3ik3FdWzi0wmlW9PTVDLxekGG4-gqtm0rkiNEvwpm~YQMqEK26ECMMkX9nL3GnYRb2Mx85Iy4EJysNKxvHx-Gc2noKX5lwNuwn6CNTL6tHMra9Nt2RuAYSxSZ7m94j544e2nUaP0KxCq9pUenSoiFVL3suLDvW8e7bPKxsZFA22CP3Xm76SIMKyQ-CPZSAEtw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566380-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566379"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566379/Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densities_of_Trichogramma_chilonis_Ishii_Hymenoptera_Trichogrammatidae_Against_the_Sugarcane_Stem_Borer_Chilo_infuscatellus_Lepidoptera_Pyralidae_under_Field_Conditions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Impact of Release Intervals and Densities of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Against the Sugarcane Stem Borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) under Field Conditions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890181/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566379/Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densities_of_Trichogramma_chilonis_Ishii_Hymenoptera_Trichogrammatidae_Against_the_Sugarcane_Stem_Borer_Chilo_infuscatellus_Lepidoptera_Pyralidae_under_Field_Conditions">Impact of Release Intervals and Densities of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Against the Sugarcane Stem Borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) under Field Conditions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis parasitoids was found higher in the blocks where para...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis parasitoids was found higher in the blocks where parasitoids were released to control Chilo infuscatellus at weekly interval (52.4 %) as compared to fortnight (40.9%) and monthly intervals (32.7%). Mean parasitization was (42.7%) when 80,000 thousand parasitoids were released on monthly basis followed by 41.4% (40,000), 37.8% (20,000) and 34.0% (10,000). However the mean infestation was below economic threshold levels ranging from 5.3 to 6.5 % in all the blocks where the parasitoids were released in variable numbers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e09b2cb6155e3ebf51129bbb801de554" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890181,"asset_id":49566379,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890181/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566379"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566379"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566379; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566379]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566379]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566379; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566379']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e09b2cb6155e3ebf51129bbb801de554" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566379]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566379,"title":"Impact of Release Intervals and Densities of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Against the Sugarcane Stem Borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) under Field Conditions","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Lifescience Global","grobid_abstract":"The parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis parasitoids was found higher in the blocks where parasitoids were released to control Chilo infuscatellus at weekly interval (52.4 %) as compared to fortnight (40.9%) and monthly intervals (32.7%). Mean parasitization was (42.7%) when 80,000 thousand parasitoids were released on monthly basis followed by 41.4% (40,000), 37.8% (20,000) and 34.0% (10,000). However the mean infestation was below economic threshold levels ranging from 5.3 to 6.5 % in all the blocks where the parasitoids were released in variable numbers.","publication_name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890181},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566379/Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densities_of_Trichogramma_chilonis_Ishii_Hymenoptera_Trichogrammatidae_Against_the_Sugarcane_Stem_Borer_Chilo_infuscatellus_Lepidoptera_Pyralidae_under_Field_Conditions","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:33.622-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890181,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890181/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie20210706-7897-1885d5c.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890181/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890181/Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie20210706-7897-1885d5c.pdf?1738417343=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImpact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie.pdf\u0026Expires=1743572132\u0026Signature=L-sLMPqMuqfi3tZKZv6hPU0N4eOu8s8XBsgBUPWRdb7a5EohUxtm6H8AZp7Y~mit6uTxLMt4DQkyTOh8M1VWE7wQ3CLquM~6TOe6FKrnoE~WLqryJIxr~6eVNERBkfa1kAOwqwnwCoDKqx6oTv9VoxT9aoYpYLjIEmUPqXewh3j054u0F~PqcD38HdcxP3iWCHqO~Es9t5XK9XvhPHnooJCoYrlw0d5zmNVmPK0jdA6JeK7KOZ-SRIJKeSbrbAxNjlP5gnL1lGrW5Oxwr72eoj-EHRaLrWByhUzXC7ScgUvx6tBxNzT2TawBFewr6wLl8hXJzOybydvzgXhO-rbdRQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densities_of_Trichogramma_chilonis_Ishii_Hymenoptera_Trichogrammatidae_Against_the_Sugarcane_Stem_Borer_Chilo_infuscatellus_Lepidoptera_Pyralidae_under_Field_Conditions","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis parasitoids was found higher in the blocks where parasitoids were released to control Chilo infuscatellus at weekly interval (52.4 %) as compared to fortnight (40.9%) and monthly intervals (32.7%). Mean parasitization was (42.7%) when 80,000 thousand parasitoids were released on monthly basis followed by 41.4% (40,000), 37.8% (20,000) and 34.0% (10,000). However the mean infestation was below economic threshold levels ranging from 5.3 to 6.5 % in all the blocks where the parasitoids were released in variable numbers.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890181,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890181/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie20210706-7897-1885d5c.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890181/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890181/Impact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie20210706-7897-1885d5c.pdf?1738417343=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImpact_of_Release_Intervals_and_Densitie.pdf\u0026Expires=1743572132\u0026Signature=L-sLMPqMuqfi3tZKZv6hPU0N4eOu8s8XBsgBUPWRdb7a5EohUxtm6H8AZp7Y~mit6uTxLMt4DQkyTOh8M1VWE7wQ3CLquM~6TOe6FKrnoE~WLqryJIxr~6eVNERBkfa1kAOwqwnwCoDKqx6oTv9VoxT9aoYpYLjIEmUPqXewh3j054u0F~PqcD38HdcxP3iWCHqO~Es9t5XK9XvhPHnooJCoYrlw0d5zmNVmPK0jdA6JeK7KOZ-SRIJKeSbrbAxNjlP5gnL1lGrW5Oxwr72eoj-EHRaLrWByhUzXC7ScgUvx6tBxNzT2TawBFewr6wLl8hXJzOybydvzgXhO-rbdRQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566379-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566378"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566378/A_comparison_of_pollinator_fig_wasp_development_in_figs_of_Ficus_montana_and_its_hybrids_with_Ficus_asperifolia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of pollinator fig wasp development in figs of Ficus montana and its hybrids with Ficus asperifolia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">A comparison of pollinator fig wasp development in figs of Ficus montana and its hybrids with Ficus asperifolia</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566378"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566378"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566378; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566377-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566376"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566376/Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non_pollinator_fig_wasps_correlations_between_their_numbers_can_be_misleading"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interactions between pollinator and non-pollinator fig wasps: correlations between their numbers can be misleading" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890174/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566376/Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non_pollinator_fig_wasps_correlations_between_their_numbers_can_be_misleading">Interactions between pollinator and non-pollinator fig wasps: correlations between their numbers can be misleading</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Entomological Science</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ficus and their species-specific pollinator fig wasps represent an obligate plant-insect mutualis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ficus and their species-specific pollinator fig wasps represent an obligate plant-insect mutualism, but figs also support a community of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) that consist of gall makers and parasitoids/inquilines. We studied interactions between Kradibia tentacularis, the pollinator of a dioecious fig tree species Ficus montana, and an undescribed NPFW Sycoscapter sp. Sycoscapter sp. oviposited 2-4 weeks after pollinator oviposition, when host larvae were present in the figs. No negative correlation was found between the numbers of the two wasp species emerging from figs in a seminatural population, which might suggest that the two species do not interact. However, in experiments where the numbers of pollinator foundresses entering a fig were controlled, Sycoscapter sp. significantly reduced the numbers of pollinator offspring. Consequently, it can be concluded that Sycoscapter sp. is a parasitoid of K. tentacularis (that may also feed on plant tissue). Sycoscapter females concentrate their oviposition in figs that contain more potential hosts, rendering invalid conclusions based on simple correlations of host and natural enemy numbers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4a509797edd4a8caa2055b82f351a2c2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890174,"asset_id":49566376,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890174/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566376"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566376"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566376; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566376]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566376]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566376; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566376']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4a509797edd4a8caa2055b82f351a2c2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566376]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566376,"title":"Interactions between pollinator and non-pollinator fig wasps: correlations between their numbers can be misleading","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","ai_title_tag":"Misleading Correlations in Fig Wasp Interactions","grobid_abstract":"Ficus and their species-specific pollinator fig wasps represent an obligate plant-insect mutualism, but figs also support a community of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) that consist of gall makers and parasitoids/inquilines. We studied interactions between Kradibia tentacularis, the pollinator of a dioecious fig tree species Ficus montana, and an undescribed NPFW Sycoscapter sp. Sycoscapter sp. oviposited 2-4 weeks after pollinator oviposition, when host larvae were present in the figs. No negative correlation was found between the numbers of the two wasp species emerging from figs in a seminatural population, which might suggest that the two species do not interact. However, in experiments where the numbers of pollinator foundresses entering a fig were controlled, Sycoscapter sp. significantly reduced the numbers of pollinator offspring. Consequently, it can be concluded that Sycoscapter sp. is a parasitoid of K. tentacularis (that may also feed on plant tissue). Sycoscapter females concentrate their oviposition in figs that contain more potential hosts, rendering invalid conclusions based on simple correlations of host and natural enemy numbers.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Entomological Science","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890174},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566376/Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non_pollinator_fig_wasps_correlations_between_their_numbers_can_be_misleading","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:33.397-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890174,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890174/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Interactions_20between_20pollinator_20and_20_20non_20RQ_201.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890174/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890174/Interactions_20between_20pollinator_20and_20_20non_20RQ_201-libre.pdf?1625565091=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInteractions_between_pollinator_and_non.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=Gz20PvFScUrmE3PoAY7p2v6R6nkwvIvYSaPJ34odHgLRldm3BRREJ-9utlztxbTIwwplXw0~4gq5-KxrdknFSVCLlWSzKOD-2sUyXL22LZLJHFoHLvbPpOjTU6ycg0bSSXgKZCb7d-Jl~4PB4IYLfD-trzGUqRfL9Uh5GQBqUEFtsL1FxlO7DrRC3GxksDtEzK8DS~B-Kllik8QU5cW~kt6utBhWaTWKj1blUQLlGKiv81rPRMUpD~ZqE99YkjXNdWVRrF9VawWtnKLGmrQyU6YR~bhjXMgHM-5pSmo5ykQTwbrIHV4Pfd-NcSY1pb~NMKB2eTXQzWGiBYuKDxDe3g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non_pollinator_fig_wasps_correlations_between_their_numbers_can_be_misleading","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Ficus and their species-specific pollinator fig wasps represent an obligate plant-insect mutualism, but figs also support a community of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) that consist of gall makers and parasitoids/inquilines. We studied interactions between Kradibia tentacularis, the pollinator of a dioecious fig tree species Ficus montana, and an undescribed NPFW Sycoscapter sp. Sycoscapter sp. oviposited 2-4 weeks after pollinator oviposition, when host larvae were present in the figs. No negative correlation was found between the numbers of the two wasp species emerging from figs in a seminatural population, which might suggest that the two species do not interact. However, in experiments where the numbers of pollinator foundresses entering a fig were controlled, Sycoscapter sp. significantly reduced the numbers of pollinator offspring. Consequently, it can be concluded that Sycoscapter sp. is a parasitoid of K. tentacularis (that may also feed on plant tissue). Sycoscapter females concentrate their oviposition in figs that contain more potential hosts, rendering invalid conclusions based on simple correlations of host and natural enemy numbers.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890174,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890174/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Interactions_20between_20pollinator_20and_20_20non_20RQ_201.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890174/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Interactions_between_pollinator_and_non.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890174/Interactions_20between_20pollinator_20and_20_20non_20RQ_201-libre.pdf?1625565091=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInteractions_between_pollinator_and_non.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=Gz20PvFScUrmE3PoAY7p2v6R6nkwvIvYSaPJ34odHgLRldm3BRREJ-9utlztxbTIwwplXw0~4gq5-KxrdknFSVCLlWSzKOD-2sUyXL22LZLJHFoHLvbPpOjTU6ycg0bSSXgKZCb7d-Jl~4PB4IYLfD-trzGUqRfL9Uh5GQBqUEFtsL1FxlO7DrRC3GxksDtEzK8DS~B-Kllik8QU5cW~kt6utBhWaTWKj1blUQLlGKiv81rPRMUpD~ZqE99YkjXNdWVRrF9VawWtnKLGmrQyU6YR~bhjXMgHM-5pSmo5ykQTwbrIHV4Pfd-NcSY1pb~NMKB2eTXQzWGiBYuKDxDe3g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566376-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566375"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566375/Foundress_Fig_Wasps_are_More_Likely_to_Re_emerge_From_Older_Figs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Foundress Fig Wasps are More Likely to Re-emerge From Older Figs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890159/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566375/Foundress_Fig_Wasps_are_More_Likely_to_Re_emerge_From_Older_Figs">Foundress Fig Wasps are More Likely to Re-emerge From Older Figs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Insect Behavior</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media New York. 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Around half of the 800 or so fig tree species are functionally dioecious. Figs on male plants produce pollen and wasp offspring, whereas figs on female plants produce only seeds. Figs on female plants are traps for pollinators. The fig wasps enter the female figs to oviposit, but lose their wings on entry and are then prevented from oviposition by the long styles that characterise the flowers in female figs. Continuation of the mutualism depends on the pollinators' failure to distinguish between male and female figs before entry. Female plants may also have a negative impact on the parasitoid fig wasps that feed on pollinators, if they are also attracted to female figs. We used glasshouse populations of figs (with and without female plants), pollinators and parasitoids to infer the impact of female figs on fig wasp dynamics. Female plants may dampen the amplitudes of pollinator population cycles, and parasitoid populations may be less tightly coupled with host populations, but the presence of female figs did not reduce parasitism rates, nor parasitoid and pollinator densities, only parasitoid sex ratios were affected. Our glasshouse experimental design was likely to favour the impact of female figs on the wasp populations, which suggests that female plants in the field are unlikely to have a major negative impact on their pollinators, despite being a major mortality factor.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d984010546a501b2c27fa534d41de63d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890157,"asset_id":49566374,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890157/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566374"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566374]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566374']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d984010546a501b2c27fa534d41de63d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566374]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566374,"title":"Female figs as traps: Their impact on the dynamics of an experimental fig tree-pollinator-parasitoid community","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Interactions between fig trees (Ficus) and their pollinating fig wasps (Agaonidae) result 25 in both a highly species-specific nursery mutualism and mutual exploitation. 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Female plants may dampen the amplitudes of pollinator population cycles, and parasitoid populations may be less tightly coupled with host populations, but the presence of female figs did not reduce parasitism rates, nor parasitoid and pollinator densities, only parasitoid sex ratios were affected. 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Around half of the 800 or so fig tree species are functionally dioecious. Figs on male plants produce pollen and wasp offspring, whereas figs on female plants produce only seeds. Figs on female plants are traps for pollinators. The fig wasps enter the female figs to oviposit, but lose their wings on entry and are then prevented from oviposition by the long styles that characterise the flowers in female figs. Continuation of the mutualism depends on the pollinators' failure to distinguish between male and female figs before entry. Female plants may also have a negative impact on the parasitoid fig wasps that feed on pollinators, if they are also attracted to female figs. We used glasshouse populations of figs (with and without female plants), pollinators and parasitoids to infer the impact of female figs on fig wasp dynamics. Female plants may dampen the amplitudes of pollinator population cycles, and parasitoid populations may be less tightly coupled with host populations, but the presence of female figs did not reduce parasitism rates, nor parasitoid and pollinator densities, only parasitoid sex ratios were affected. Our glasshouse experimental design was likely to favour the impact of female figs on the wasp populations, which suggests that female plants in the field are unlikely to have a major negative impact on their pollinators, despite being a major mortality factor.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890157,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890157/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Female_20plants_20as_20traps_20paper_203.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890157/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Female_figs_as_traps_Their_impact_on_the.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890157/Female_20plants_20as_20traps_20paper_203-libre.pdf?1625565094=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFemale_figs_as_traps_Their_impact_on_the.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=Wc6xiN094E2L98rSDju6kcrEBtHxhNhRiBBCLE3ZUOorTyt0huON9dozfJ5dwXYRlfrDPqxmunandbfNO9NUfqosnxuH5z4mXwHAVkVc~wXUAA81ZE3tJAMmn6T8G59aaujvh-uJKhXsOCI~rCq1IkHOETMm~4GCxHljBMsPIyMK2dYqjLg4085UxUdKnexmD~uBebRxZxZAZQp2gi8eBfFKs2t08XZepVlCZDVjONpCbFOAsweCw-eNkzfYoFd9J1nIGhCH1k2IGjt9p6HWW4b-gSoVJWDVRubhG0RfG~7L6aNw50-tRyOj~8k9USpIfa5717itRiIJ-k-0mEsyEQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566374-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566373"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566373/Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_host_specificity_in_fig_wasps"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ability to gall: the ultimate basis of host specificity in fig wasps?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890158/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566373/Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_host_specificity_in_fig_wasps">Ability to gall: the ultimate basis of host specificity in fig wasps?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ecological Entomology</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">1. Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their host specific pollinator fig wasps (Agaonidae) are partners i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">1. Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their host specific pollinator fig wasps (Agaonidae) are partners in an obligate mutualism. Receptive phase figs release specific volatiles to attract their pollinators and this is generally effective in preventing pollinator species from entering figs of the wrong hosts. 2. If entry is attempted into atypical host figs then ostiole size and shape and style length may also prevent reproduction. Despite these barriers, there is increasing evidence that fig wasps enter atypical hosts, and that this can result in hybrid seed and fig wasp offspring. 3. This study examines the basis of pollinator specificity in two dioecious fig species from different geographical areas. Kradibiatentacularispollinates Ficusmontana in Asia.F. asperifolia from East Africa is closely related, but is pollinated by a different species of Kradibia. 4. In glasshouses,K. tentacularis was attracted to its normal host, F1s and backcrosses, but only rarely entered figs of F. asperifolia. Foundresses were able to lay eggs in hybrids, backcrosses and F. asperifolia, although flower occupancy was lowest in F. asperifoliafigs and intermediate in hybrids. 5. The fig wasp failed to reproduce in female F. montana, male F. asperifolia and male F1s, and most but not all backcrosses to F. montana. This was a result of the failure to initiate gall production. 6. Host specificity in this fig waspis strongly influenced by host volatiles, but ability to gall may be the ultimate determinant of whether it can reproduce.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bf71ec196d092295881c9d473bfeea25" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890158,"asset_id":49566373,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890158/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566373"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566373"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566373; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566373]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566373]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566373; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566373']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bf71ec196d092295881c9d473bfeea25" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566373]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566373,"title":"Ability to gall: the ultimate basis of host specificity in fig wasps?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"1. Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their host specific pollinator fig wasps (Agaonidae) are partners in an obligate mutualism. Receptive phase figs release specific volatiles to attract their pollinators and this is generally effective in preventing pollinator species from entering figs of the wrong hosts. 2. If entry is attempted into atypical host figs then ostiole size and shape and style length may also prevent reproduction. Despite these barriers, there is increasing evidence that fig wasps enter atypical hosts, and that this can result in hybrid seed and fig wasp offspring. 3. This study examines the basis of pollinator specificity in two dioecious fig species from different geographical areas. Kradibiatentacularispollinates Ficusmontana in Asia.F. asperifolia from East Africa is closely related, but is pollinated by a different species of Kradibia. 4. In glasshouses,K. tentacularis was attracted to its normal host, F1s and backcrosses, but only rarely entered figs of F. asperifolia. Foundresses were able to lay eggs in hybrids, backcrosses and F. asperifolia, although flower occupancy was lowest in F. asperifoliafigs and intermediate in hybrids. 5. The fig wasp failed to reproduce in female F. montana, male F. asperifolia and male F1s, and most but not all backcrosses to F. montana. This was a result of the failure to initiate gall production. 6. Host specificity in this fig waspis strongly influenced by host volatiles, but ability to gall may be the ultimate determinant of whether it can reproduce.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ecological Entomology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890158},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566373/Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_host_specificity_in_fig_wasps","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:33.173-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890158,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890158/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ComptonGhana_20for_20ecol_20entomol_20_2010_20Dec_201.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890158/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_ho.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890158/ComptonGhana_20for_20ecol_20entomol_20_2010_20Dec_201-libre.pdf?1625565094=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbility_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_ho.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=MHF~c86KTDCi94zyT7mFN056QhkDQRof9VJ21-JOPbARGQmxeTXa48iribXLwY8WtvaRC~6j-9EPshMLDiJotM9kQiIQOTJjw2R9Gz9w1LyGQwK-JKkCQ4WqzjBAZhMtZiWSgBfLqOqIO3Iubedb-9dyOYkVyEtclOY0J8A4OFkxHjZqA5MFrXCFcGBVngdoSpjtFB2T9hxegtYb3EwaTYbwkv6W-tCKOLyh3rsajZwzhkiVcybw4urC77s32uHcP4rkG~jJQfitLExAfJ7WDWFl~Ru6F8mVgbOjV4jv0jLPnYHXFRSNu89s43GIXPmfFN~k~E6ycdHcIsX2~WHqWg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_host_specificity_in_fig_wasps","translated_slug":"","page_count":40,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"1. Fig trees (Ficus spp.) and their host specific pollinator fig wasps (Agaonidae) are partners in an obligate mutualism. Receptive phase figs release specific volatiles to attract their pollinators and this is generally effective in preventing pollinator species from entering figs of the wrong hosts. 2. If entry is attempted into atypical host figs then ostiole size and shape and style length may also prevent reproduction. Despite these barriers, there is increasing evidence that fig wasps enter atypical hosts, and that this can result in hybrid seed and fig wasp offspring. 3. This study examines the basis of pollinator specificity in two dioecious fig species from different geographical areas. Kradibiatentacularispollinates Ficusmontana in Asia.F. asperifolia from East Africa is closely related, but is pollinated by a different species of Kradibia. 4. In glasshouses,K. tentacularis was attracted to its normal host, F1s and backcrosses, but only rarely entered figs of F. asperifolia. Foundresses were able to lay eggs in hybrids, backcrosses and F. asperifolia, although flower occupancy was lowest in F. asperifoliafigs and intermediate in hybrids. 5. The fig wasp failed to reproduce in female F. montana, male F. asperifolia and male F1s, and most but not all backcrosses to F. montana. This was a result of the failure to initiate gall production. 6. Host specificity in this fig waspis strongly influenced by host volatiles, but ability to gall may be the ultimate determinant of whether it can reproduce.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890158,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890158/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ComptonGhana_20for_20ecol_20entomol_20_2010_20Dec_201.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890158/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ability_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_ho.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890158/ComptonGhana_20for_20ecol_20entomol_20_2010_20Dec_201-libre.pdf?1625565094=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbility_to_gall_the_ultimate_basis_of_ho.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=MHF~c86KTDCi94zyT7mFN056QhkDQRof9VJ21-JOPbARGQmxeTXa48iribXLwY8WtvaRC~6j-9EPshMLDiJotM9kQiIQOTJjw2R9Gz9w1LyGQwK-JKkCQ4WqzjBAZhMtZiWSgBfLqOqIO3Iubedb-9dyOYkVyEtclOY0J8A4OFkxHjZqA5MFrXCFcGBVngdoSpjtFB2T9hxegtYb3EwaTYbwkv6W-tCKOLyh3rsajZwzhkiVcybw4urC77s32uHcP4rkG~jJQfitLExAfJ7WDWFl~Ru6F8mVgbOjV4jv0jLPnYHXFRSNu89s43GIXPmfFN~k~E6ycdHcIsX2~WHqWg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology"},{"id":207615,"name":"Hybrids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybrids"},{"id":312823,"name":"Ecological Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Entomology"},{"id":637499,"name":"Volatiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volatiles"},{"id":843856,"name":"Ecological Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566373-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566372"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566372/Heterodynamic_processes_in_Coccinella_septempunctata_L_Coccinellidae_Coleoptera_a_mini_review"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Heterodynamic processes in Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera): a mini review" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Heterodynamic processes in Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera): a mini review</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Entomological Science</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L. adults. Coccinella septempunctata (C-7), the seven spot, has attracted attention both in Europe and the USA for being heterogeneous as to the induction of diapause. A polyphenic character of diapause is a prominent feature in C. septempunctata and this phenomenon generally and often generates voltinism heterogeneity within populations. A greater part of the C-7 population shows an obligatory univoltine cycle, whereas a smaller proportion is facultatively polyvoltine. Coccinella s. bruckii in Japan is bivoltine, in which the first generation of adults aestivate while the second generation hibernates. This paper reviews this heterodynamic cycle and its importance in the life history of C-7, as reported from different regions of the world. Heterogeneous voltinism and diapause smooth the progress of a portion of C-7 populations to take benefit of aphids well into late summer and autumn. Understanding such variation and plasticity in the life history of this species can help in organizing proper biological control attempts using it as a biocontrol agent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566372"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566372"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566372; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566372]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566372]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566372; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566372']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566372]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566372,"title":"Heterodynamic processes in Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera): a mini review","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L. adults. Coccinella septempunctata (C-7), the seven spot, has attracted attention both in Europe and the USA for being heterogeneous as to the induction of diapause. A polyphenic character of diapause is a prominent feature in C. septempunctata and this phenomenon generally and often generates voltinism heterogeneity within populations. A greater part of the C-7 population shows an obligatory univoltine cycle, whereas a smaller proportion is facultatively polyvoltine. Coccinella s. bruckii in Japan is bivoltine, in which the first generation of adults aestivate while the second generation hibernates. This paper reviews this heterodynamic cycle and its importance in the life history of C-7, as reported from different regions of the world. Heterogeneous voltinism and diapause smooth the progress of a portion of C-7 populations to take benefit of aphids well into late summer and autumn. Understanding such variation and plasticity in the life history of this species can help in organizing proper biological control attempts using it as a biocontrol agent.","publisher":"Wiley","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Entomological Science"},"translated_abstract":"ABSTRACT Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L. adults. Coccinella septempunctata (C-7), the seven spot, has attracted attention both in Europe and the USA for being heterogeneous as to the induction of diapause. A polyphenic character of diapause is a prominent feature in C. septempunctata and this phenomenon generally and often generates voltinism heterogeneity within populations. A greater part of the C-7 population shows an obligatory univoltine cycle, whereas a smaller proportion is facultatively polyvoltine. Coccinella s. bruckii in Japan is bivoltine, in which the first generation of adults aestivate while the second generation hibernates. This paper reviews this heterodynamic cycle and its importance in the life history of C-7, as reported from different regions of the world. Heterogeneous voltinism and diapause smooth the progress of a portion of C-7 populations to take benefit of aphids well into late summer and autumn. Understanding such variation and plasticity in the life history of this species can help in organizing proper biological control attempts using it as a biocontrol agent.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566372/Heterodynamic_processes_in_Coccinella_septempunctata_L_Coccinellidae_Coleoptera_a_mini_review","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:33.097-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Heterodynamic_processes_in_Coccinella_septempunctata_L_Coccinellidae_Coleoptera_a_mini_review","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"ABSTRACT Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L. adults. Coccinella septempunctata (C-7), the seven spot, has attracted attention both in Europe and the USA for being heterogeneous as to the induction of diapause. A polyphenic character of diapause is a prominent feature in C. septempunctata and this phenomenon generally and often generates voltinism heterogeneity within populations. A greater part of the C-7 population shows an obligatory univoltine cycle, whereas a smaller proportion is facultatively polyvoltine. Coccinella s. bruckii in Japan is bivoltine, in which the first generation of adults aestivate while the second generation hibernates. This paper reviews this heterodynamic cycle and its importance in the life history of C-7, as reported from different regions of the world. Heterogeneous voltinism and diapause smooth the progress of a portion of C-7 populations to take benefit of aphids well into late summer and autumn. Understanding such variation and plasticity in the life history of this species can help in organizing proper biological control attempts using it as a biocontrol agent.","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566372-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566371"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566371/Evaluation_of_Resistance_in_Different_Chickpea_Strains_to_Callosobruchus_chinensis_Linnaeus_Coleoptera_Bruchidae_under_Laboratory_Conditions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Resistance in Different Chickpea Strains to Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus (Coleoptera:Bruchidae) under Laboratory Conditions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890169/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566371/Evaluation_of_Resistance_in_Different_Chickpea_Strains_to_Callosobruchus_chinensis_Linnaeus_Coleoptera_Bruchidae_under_Laboratory_Conditions">Evaluation of Resistance in Different Chickpea Strains to Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus (Coleoptera:Bruchidae) under Laboratory Conditions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="da5085d9975c4f60e50595a35f67da2d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890169,"asset_id":49566371,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890169/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566371"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566371"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566371; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-49566371-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49566370"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566370/Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus_Linnaeus_Compositae_in_the_Potohar_Region_of_Pakistan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Insect Pests found on Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Compositae) in the Potohar Region of Pakistan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890154/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49566370/Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus_Linnaeus_Compositae_in_the_Potohar_Region_of_Pakistan">Insect Pests found on Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Compositae) in the Potohar Region of Pakistan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">and Tret etc.) were carried out during early, growing and anthesis stages of sunflower plants (bo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">and Tret etc.) were carried out during early, growing and anthesis stages of sunflower plants (both spring and autumn 1999) under UGC/UAAR Sunflower Project. The insect pests found sunflower (cultivated and wild) included Chrotogonus spp. (Grass hopper), Agrotis spp. (Cut worm), Odontotermes obesus (White ants), Agapanthia dahlii (Stem borer), Melanagromyza spp. (Stem girdler), Aphis gossypii (Cotton aphid), Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) Agrius convolvoli (Horn worm), Empoasca spp. (Jassid), Suleima helianthana (Sunflower bud moth), Helicoverpa (Heliothis) spp.(Boll worm),Spodoptera litura (Tobacco caterpillar), Plusia orichalcea (Cabbage semi-looper), Homoeosoma electellum (Sunflower moth), Nezara viridula (Green stink bug) Diacrisia obliquata (Hairy catterpillar), Myllocerus blandus (Cotton green weevil), Zygogramma exclamationis (Sunflower beetle) and Smicronyx spp. (Sunflower seed weevil).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="827d7857350b9c9a2fc9815b592700f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890154,"asset_id":49566370,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890154/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566370"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566370"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566370; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566370]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566370]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566370; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566370']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "827d7857350b9c9a2fc9815b592700f8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566370]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566370,"title":"Insect Pests found on Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Compositae) in the Potohar Region of Pakistan","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"and Tret etc.) were carried out during early, growing and anthesis stages of sunflower plants (both spring and autumn 1999) under UGC/UAAR Sunflower Project. The insect pests found sunflower (cultivated and wild) included Chrotogonus spp. (Grass hopper), Agrotis spp. (Cut worm), Odontotermes obesus (White ants), Agapanthia dahlii (Stem borer), Melanagromyza spp. (Stem girdler), Aphis gossypii (Cotton aphid), Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) Agrius convolvoli (Horn worm), Empoasca spp. (Jassid), Suleima helianthana (Sunflower bud moth), Helicoverpa (Heliothis) spp.(Boll worm),Spodoptera litura (Tobacco caterpillar), Plusia orichalcea (Cabbage semi-looper), Homoeosoma electellum (Sunflower moth), Nezara viridula (Green stink bug) Diacrisia obliquata (Hairy catterpillar), Myllocerus blandus (Cotton green weevil), Zygogramma exclamationis (Sunflower beetle) and Smicronyx spp. (Sunflower seed weevil).","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2000,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":67890154},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49566370/Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus_Linnaeus_Compositae_in_the_Potohar_Region_of_Pakistan","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-06T01:09:32.915-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":71000835,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67890154,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890154/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"qredirect.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890154/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890154/qredirect-libre.pdf?1625565091=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInsect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=MEMWyTmBcICXfhEhLPoQI9tudvvVsCAR1pFsnPrvSEXGjcnQ5bk528gnOFIR9Rl5wOwTzB-aG~orcVIjjVePzT-rtAGy7hOLihT81xkNtsGwxPiAuI7ZoyvzEmpddbxN0NdASrG3RveVRu8yq0I0~0XAnaDpU3i~S05RqoY8shPF3uT~61beb9uiOYn6pZ7e8PNfJIzcFg6~3YXSTIYfNUT2losnKWQI0iRhsXfayUTY6o-nPcRNhCHMaAG58tuZ3OfoFG4YMTizus~m-pCQHLZxPx4Xxjkw0TmoYM5HA2ePlj6s0Wp6jiVDxOMynFfPMKPCCads8PGQbr3yGKxeJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus_Linnaeus_Compositae_in_the_Potohar_Region_of_Pakistan","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"and Tret etc.) were carried out during early, growing and anthesis stages of sunflower plants (both spring and autumn 1999) under UGC/UAAR Sunflower Project. The insect pests found sunflower (cultivated and wild) included Chrotogonus spp. (Grass hopper), Agrotis spp. (Cut worm), Odontotermes obesus (White ants), Agapanthia dahlii (Stem borer), Melanagromyza spp. (Stem girdler), Aphis gossypii (Cotton aphid), Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) Agrius convolvoli (Horn worm), Empoasca spp. (Jassid), Suleima helianthana (Sunflower bud moth), Helicoverpa (Heliothis) spp.(Boll worm),Spodoptera litura (Tobacco caterpillar), Plusia orichalcea (Cabbage semi-looper), Homoeosoma electellum (Sunflower moth), Nezara viridula (Green stink bug) Diacrisia obliquata (Hairy catterpillar), Myllocerus blandus (Cotton green weevil), Zygogramma exclamationis (Sunflower beetle) and Smicronyx spp. (Sunflower seed weevil).","owner":{"id":71000835,"first_name":"Nazia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suleman","page_name":"NaziaSuleman3","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-11-07T01:53:39.449-08:00","display_name":"Nazia Suleman","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaziaSuleman3"},"attachments":[{"id":67890154,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67890154/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"qredirect.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890154/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Insect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67890154/qredirect-libre.pdf?1625565091=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInsect_Pests_found_on_Helianthus_annuus.pdf\u0026Expires=1743601805\u0026Signature=MEMWyTmBcICXfhEhLPoQI9tudvvVsCAR1pFsnPrvSEXGjcnQ5bk528gnOFIR9Rl5wOwTzB-aG~orcVIjjVePzT-rtAGy7hOLihT81xkNtsGwxPiAuI7ZoyvzEmpddbxN0NdASrG3RveVRu8yq0I0~0XAnaDpU3i~S05RqoY8shPF3uT~61beb9uiOYn6pZ7e8PNfJIzcFg6~3YXSTIYfNUT2losnKWQI0iRhsXfayUTY6o-nPcRNhCHMaAG58tuZ3OfoFG4YMTizus~m-pCQHLZxPx4Xxjkw0TmoYM5HA2ePlj6s0Wp6jiVDxOMynFfPMKPCCads8PGQbr3yGKxeJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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Pollinating fig wasps are widely used in such studies because their ecology resembles theory assumptions, but the cues used by foundresses to assess potential LMC have not previously been determined. We show that Liporrhopalum tentacularis females (foundresses) use their clutch size as a cue. First, we make use of species ecology (foundresses lay multiple clutches, with second clutches smaller than first) to show that increases in sex ratio in multi-foundress figs occur only when foundresses are oviposition site limited, i.e. that there is no direct response to foundress density. Second, we introduce a novel technique to quantify foundress oviposition sequences and show, consistent with the theoretical predictions concerning clutch size-only strategies, that they produce mainly male offspring at the start of bouts, followed by mostly females interspersed by a few males. We then discuss the implications of our findings for our understanding of the limits of the ability of natural selection to produce 'perfect' organisms, and for our understanding of when different cue use patterns evolve.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b2de74b1b3355e3f68001218caf1dfa0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67890166,"asset_id":49566368,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67890166/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49566368"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49566368"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566368; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566368]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49566368]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49566368; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='49566368']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b2de74b1b3355e3f68001218caf1dfa0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=49566368]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":49566368,"title":"The mechanism of sex ratio adjustment in a pollinating fig wasp","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"The Royal Society","ai_title_tag":"Sex Ratio Adjustment Mechanism in Pollinating Fig Wasps","grobid_abstract":"Sex ratio strategies in species subject to local mate competition (LMC), and in particular their fit to quantitative theoretical predictions, provide insight into constraints upon adaptation. 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Pollinating fig wasps are widely used in such studies because their ecology resembles theory assumptions, but the cues used by foundresses to assess potential LMC have not previously been determined. We show that Liporrhopalum tentacularis females (foundresses) use their clutch size as a cue. First, we make use of species ecology (foundresses lay multiple clutches, with second clutches smaller than first) to show that increases in sex ratio in multi-foundress figs occur only when foundresses are oviposition site limited, i.e. that there is no direct response to foundress density. Second, we introduce a novel technique to quantify foundress oviposition sequences and show, consistent with the theoretical predictions concerning clutch size-only strategies, that they produce mainly male offspring at the start of bouts, followed by mostly females interspersed by a few males. 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