CINXE.COM

Safety and Toxicology of Curcumin and Other Herbal Medicines – Toxicology

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Safety and Toxicology of Curcumin and Other Herbal Medicines &#8211; Toxicology</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Toxicology &raquo; Feed" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/toxicology.blog\/archive\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--contrast: var(--contrast);--wp--preset--color--contrast-2: var(--contrast-2);--wp--preset--color--contrast-3: var(--contrast-3);--wp--preset--color--base: var(--base);--wp--preset--color--base-2: var(--base-2);--wp--preset--color--base-3: var(--base-3);--wp--preset--color--accent: var(--accent);--wp--preset--color--accent-2: var(--accent-2);--wp--preset--color--accent-hover: var(--accent-hover);--wp--preset--color--highlight: var(--highlight);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/style.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-widget-areas-css' href='https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/widget-areas.min.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-style-css' href='https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/main.min.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <style id='generate-style-inline-css'> body{background-color:var(--base);color:var(--contrast);}a{color:#1b78e2;}a:hover, a:focus, a:active{color:var(--accent-hover);}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.site-header .header-image{width:200px;}:root{--contrast:#212121;--contrast-2:#2f4468;--contrast-3:#878787;--base:#fafafa;--base-2:#f7f8f9;--base-3:#ffffff;--accent:#242226;--accent-2:#1b78e2;--accent-hover:#35343a;--highlight:#83b0de;}:root .has-contrast-color{color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-2-color{color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-3-color{color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-contrast-3-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-base-color{color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-background-color{background-color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-2-color{color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-2-background-color{background-color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-3-color{color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-base-3-background-color{background-color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-accent-color{color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-background-color{background-color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-2-color{color:var(--accent-2);}:root .has-accent-2-background-color{background-color:var(--accent-2);}:root .has-accent-hover-color{color:var(--accent-hover);}:root .has-accent-hover-background-color{background-color:var(--accent-hover);}:root .has-highlight-color{color:var(--highlight);}:root .has-highlight-background-color{background-color:var(--highlight);}.gp-modal:not(.gp-modal--open):not(.gp-modal--transition){display:none;}.gp-modal--transition:not(.gp-modal--open){pointer-events:none;}.gp-modal-overlay:not(.gp-modal-overlay--open):not(.gp-modal--transition){display:none;}.gp-modal__overlay{display:none;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;z-index:10000;backdrop-filter:blur(3px);transition:opacity 500ms ease;opacity:0;}.gp-modal--open:not(.gp-modal--transition) .gp-modal__overlay{opacity:1;}.gp-modal__container{max-width:100%;max-height:100vh;transform:scale(0.9);transition:transform 500ms ease;padding:0 10px;}.gp-modal--open:not(.gp-modal--transition) .gp-modal__container{transform:scale(1);}.search-modal-fields{display:flex;}.gp-search-modal .gp-modal__overlay{align-items:flex-start;padding-top:25vh;background:var(--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color);}.search-modal-form{width:500px;max-width:100%;background-color:var(--gp-search-modal-bg-color);color:var(--gp-search-modal-text-color);}.search-modal-form .search-field, .search-modal-form .search-field:focus{width:100%;height:60px;background-color:transparent;border:0;appearance:none;color:currentColor;}.search-modal-fields button, .search-modal-fields button:active, .search-modal-fields button:focus, .search-modal-fields button:hover{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:currentColor;width:60px;}body, button, input, select, textarea{font-family:Open Sans, sans-serif;font-size:17px;}.main-title{font-size:25px;}.widget-title{font-weight:600;}button:not(.menu-toggle),html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.button,.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link{font-size:15px;}h1{font-weight:600;font-size:40px;}h2{font-weight:600;font-size:30px;}h3{font-size:20px;}.top-bar{background-color:#636363;color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a{color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a:hover{color:#303030;}.site-header{background-color:#ffffff;color:#3a3a3a;}.site-header a{color:#3a3a3a;}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:#ffffff;}.site-description{color:#757575;}.main-navigation,.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--contrast);}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--accent-hover);}.navigation-search input[type="search"],.navigation-search input[type="search"]:active, .navigation-search input[type="search"]:focus, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active > a{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--contrast);}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .one-container .container, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .inside-page-header{background-color:var(--base-3);}.inside-article a,.paging-navigation a,.comments-area a,.page-header a{color:var(--accent-2);}.inside-article a:hover,.paging-navigation a:hover,.comments-area a:hover,.page-header a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.entry-title a{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-title a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.entry-meta{color:var(--contrast-3);}.entry-meta a{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-meta a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}h1{color:var(--contrast);}h2{color:var(--contrast);}h3{color:var(--contrast);}.sidebar .widget{background-color:#ffffff;}.sidebar .widget a{color:var(--contrast);padding:0px;}.sidebar .widget a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.sidebar .widget .widget-title{color:#000000;}.footer-widgets{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--contrast-2);}.footer-widgets a{color:var(--base-3);}.footer-widgets a:hover{color:var(--base-3);}.footer-widgets .widget-title{color:var(--base-2);}.site-info{color:var(--contrast-2);}.site-info a{color:var(--contrast-2);}.site-info a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu .current-menu-item a{color:var(--accent-hover);}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="number"],textarea,select{color:var(--contrast);background-color:#fafafa;border-color:var(--contrast);}input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="tel"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:var(--contrast-3);background-color:#ffffff;border-color:var(--contrast-3);}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--accent);}button:hover,html input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--accent-hover);}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.4 );color:#ffffff;}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.6 );color:#ffffff;}:root{--gp-search-modal-bg-color:var(--base-3);--gp-search-modal-text-color:var(--contrast);--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{background:none;color:var(--contrast);}}.inside-top-bar{padding:10px;}.inside-header{padding:40px;}.nav-below-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container, .nav-above-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px 20px 0px 20px;}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:50px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:50px;}.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-50px;width:calc(100% + 100px);max-width:calc(100% + 100px);}.one-container.right-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-right .site-main{margin-right:50px;}.one-container.left-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-left .site-main{margin-left:50px;}.one-container.both-sidebars .site-main{margin:0px 50px 0px 50px;}.one-container.archive .post:not(:last-child):not(.is-loop-template-item), .one-container.blog .post:not(:last-child):not(.is-loop-template-item){padding-bottom:50px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{line-height:51px!important;}.navigation-search input[type="search"]{height:65px;}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:20px;}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children > a{padding-right:20px;}.widget-area .widget{padding:50px;}.inside-site-info{padding:20px;}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:30px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:30px;}.inside-site-info{padding-right:10px;padding-left:10px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-30px;width:calc(100% + 60px);max-width:calc(100% + 60px);}.one-container .site-main .paging-navigation{margin-bottom:20px;}.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base)!important;}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav > ul{background-color:var(--base)!important;}}/* End cached CSS */.is-right-sidebar{width:30%;}.is-left-sidebar{width:25%;}.site-content .content-area{width:70%;}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block;}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav,.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation):not(.toggled) .main-nav > ul,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation .inside-navigation > *:not(.navigation-search):not(.main-nav){display:none;}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation,.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:space-between;}} .dynamic-author-image-rounded{border-radius:100%;}.dynamic-featured-image, .dynamic-author-image{vertical-align:middle;}.one-container.blog .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child), .one-container.archive .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:0px;}.dynamic-entry-excerpt > p:last-child{margin-bottom:0px;} .main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{transition: line-height 300ms ease}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav > ul{background-color: var(--accent)}.sticky-enabled .gen-sidebar-nav.is_stuck .main-navigation {margin-bottom: 0px;}.sticky-enabled .gen-sidebar-nav.is_stuck {z-index: 500;}.sticky-enabled .main-navigation.is_stuck {box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);}.navigation-stick:not(.gen-sidebar-nav) {left: 0;right: 0;width: 100% !important;}.nav-float-right .navigation-stick {width: 100% !important;left: 0;}.nav-float-right .navigation-stick .navigation-branding {margin-right: auto;}.main-navigation.has-sticky-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left: 10px;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-child-css' href='https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child/style.css?ver=1724236018' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A300%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C700&#038;display=auto&#038;ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-blog-images-css' href='https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/blog/functions/css/featured-images.min.css?ver=2.4.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-navigation-branding-css' href='https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/css/navigation-branding-flex.min.css?ver=2.4.1' media='all' /> <style id='generate-navigation-branding-inline-css'> .main-navigation.has-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container, .main-navigation.has-branding.grid-container .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container){padding:0px 50px 0px 50px;}.main-navigation.has-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding img, .site-logo.mobile-header-logo img{height:65px;width:auto;}.navigation-branding .main-title{line-height:65px;}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation.has-branding.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items, .main-navigation.has-sticky-branding.navigation-stick.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items{margin-left:auto;}.navigation-branding{margin-right:auto;margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding .main-title, .mobile-header-navigation .site-logo{margin-left:10px;}.main-navigation.has-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px;}} </style> <script src="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/91" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/herbal-medicines/safety-and-toxicology-of-curcumin-and-other-herbal-medicines/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://toxicology.blog/archive/?p=91' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftoxicology.blog%2Farchive%2Fherbal-medicines%2Fsafety-and-toxicology-of-curcumin-and-other-herbal-medicines%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftoxicology.blog%2Farchive%2Fherbal-medicines%2Fsafety-and-toxicology-of-curcumin-and-other-herbal-medicines%2F&#038;format=xml" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-270x270.png" /> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-91 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive post-image-above-header post-image-aligned-center sticky-menu-no-transition sticky-enabled both-sticky-menu right-sidebar nav-below-header separate-containers header-aligned-left dropdown-hover featured-image-active" itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog" itemscope> <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a> <nav class="auto-hide-sticky has-branding main-navigation nav-align-right has-menu-bar-items sub-menu-right" id="site-navigation" aria-label="Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container"> <div class="navigation-branding"><div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/" title="Toxicology" rel="home"> <img class="header-image is-logo-image" alt="Toxicology" src="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-logo.png" title="Toxicology" width="731" height="246" /> </a> </div></div> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="mobile-menu">Menu</span> </button> <div id="primary-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-primary-menu" class=" menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-59" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-59"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-67" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-67"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-60" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-60"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/publication-trends/">Publication Trends</a></li> <li id="menu-item-61" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-61"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/recent-publications/">Recent Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-62" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-62"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/expert-search/">Expert Search</a></li> </ul></div><div class="menu-bar-items"> <span class="menu-bar-item"> <a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Open search" data-gpmodal-trigger="gp-search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="site grid-container container hfeed" id="page"> <div class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-91" class="post-91 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-herbal-medicines tag-barberry tag-berberis-vulgaris tag-bioavailability tag-clinical-trials tag-curcumin tag-genotoxicity tag-glycyrrhiza-glabra tag-herbal-medicines tag-licorice tag-mutagenicity tag-pharmacokinetics tag-safety tag-toxicology" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="800" height="419" src="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-14-11.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-14-11.jpg 800w, https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-14-11-300x157.jpg 300w, https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-14-11-768x402.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Safety and Toxicology of Curcumin and Other Herbal Medicines</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-28T17:20:31+05:30" itemprop="dateModified">September 28, 2024</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-28T15:08:21+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 28, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/author/toxicology/" title="View all posts by toxicology" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">toxicology</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Herbal medicines have been used for many years; people trusted them and believed in their curative properties because they originated from natural sources. Among these, curcumin, a polyphenolic compound obtained from the rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa Linn, stands out as it has been investigated for several health-promoting effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Nonetheless, as the utilization of natural remedies intensifies, it becomes more and more compulsory for their safety and possible toxicological effects to be studied. It focuses on the safety and toxicological aspects of curcumin and other herbal medicines for people to appreciate the positive uses of curcumin and, just as importantly, the adverse uses as well.</span></p> <h3><b>The Safety Profile of Curcumin</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are several compounds within turmeric, and most research has been done on curcumin as it has healing properties. This compound has various functions within the sphere of health, including being an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, and an anticancer compound. However, similar to any compound that is used to cure, its side effects are important determinants of its popularity. Studies show that curcumin is toxicologically safe and free of side effects, and it has even been given at high concentrations. Various studies undertaken on clinical trials have estimated and identified that curcumin can be ingested in large quantities without leading to any serious side effects. However, it should be noted that although curcumin is a safe compound for the majority of the population, special attention should be paid to pregnant women and patients with gallbladder diseases.</span></p> <h3><b>Toxicological Concerns of Curcumin</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Even though curcumin is believed to be safe, some experimental data showed that it can have toxic effects in some cases. For instance, it has been found that doses of curcumin might cause stomach ulcers, nausea, and diarrhea. However, the problem of the low solubility and poor bioavailability of curcumin exists; it usually needs a supplement that would improve its uptake. Certain of these formulations may pose new risks, requiring research on their safety before they can be used in their current form.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In animals, research shows curcumin exhibits hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity at an extremely high concentration. Taken together with previous data from other human studies, these results stress the need to respect the guideline’s dosages and to seek medical advice before taking short-chain curcuminoids at high doses. Further, since curcumin is known to interact with the different medications being metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzymes, it is thus important to use the supplement with extra care, particularly for those on multiple medications.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://toxicology.blog/publication-trends/index/herbal medicines" target="_blank" title="herbal medicines - yearwise publication trends">herbal medicines</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; width: max-content; text-align: center; } @media only screen and (max-width: 993px) { .Adblock-main { width: 100% !important; margin:auto } } .Adblock-main { width: 100%; margin:auto; background-color:#fff; } .Adblock-head { background: #42c251; padding: 12px 10px; } .Adblock-head h1, .Adblock-head h2 { color: #fff; font-size: 20px; text-align: center; font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 8px; } .Adblock-head h1 a{ color: #000; text-decoration: none; font-size:22px; padding:0px; } .Adblock-head h1 a:hover{ color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title{ margin-bottom: 1px; margin-top: 5px; text-align: center; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } .Ad-title a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title a:hover{ color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title1 { margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 15px; text-align: center; font-size: 18px; color: #000; } .Ad-title1 a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title1 a:hover{ color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-subtitle { margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 15px; text-align: center; } .Ad-subtitle1 { margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; } .Ad-middle { border: solid 1px #ccc; padding-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: none; } .register-button { background-color: #283b39; color: #ffffff !important; padding: 10px 14px; border: none; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 14px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; margin-top: 15px; } .register-button span { color:#6dfe7e; } .register-button:hover { background-color: #161515; color:#fff; } .tablediv { width:100%; border: solid 1px #ccc; background:#fff; margin-bottom: 0px !important; } .tablediv th,.tablediv td{ font-size:13px!important; } .keywordsdiv { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; background: #f1f1f1; padding: 10px 15px; margin-top: 15px; border-radius: 5px; } .keywordsdiv a{ color: #276cb5; padding: 0; } .keywordsdiv a:hover{ color:#000; text-decoration:underline; } .pub-scroll{ max-height: 260px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } .chart-block { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; background:#fff; border:1px solid #ccc; } .chart-block .left, .chart-block .right { background-color: #fff; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; } .chart-block .left { flex: 1 1 5%; /* Takes up 45% of the width, flexible */ padding-right:0px !important } .chart-block .right { flex: 1 1 45%; /* Takes up 45% of the width, flexible */ } /* Responsive adjustments */ @media (max-width: 768px) { .chart-block .left, .chart-block .right { flex: 1 1 100%; /* Stack vertically on smaller screens */ margin: 0 0 10px 0; padding-right:20px !important } .chart-block .right{ width:50% !important; border:solid 1px #ccc; } .pub-scroll{ max-height:100% !important; overflow-y: inherit; overflow-x: hidden; } } </style> <script src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/chart.js'></script> <script> var chart = null; function displayResults(statistics) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results'); if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 'NA' : count; tableHTML += ` <tr> <td>${year}</td> <td>${displayCount}</td> </tr> `; }); tableHTML += '</table></div>'; resultsContainer.innerHTML = tableHTML; } function displayLineChart(statistics) { var years = Object.keys(statistics); var counts = Object.values(statistics); var ctx = document.getElementById('publicationChart').getContext('2d'); // Destroy existing chart instance if it exists if (chart !== null) { chart.destroy(); } // Create a new chart instance chart = new Chart(ctx, { type: 'line', data: { labels: years, datasets: [{ label: 'Publication Counts', data: counts, fill: false, borderColor: 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 1)', tension: 0.1 }] }, options: { scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true } }, plugins: { legend: { display: true, position: 'top' } } } }); } function displayKeywordStats(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-stats'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://toxicology.blog/publication-trends/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - yearwise publication trends">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var statistics = { "2014": 156, "2015": 193, "2016": 221, "2017": 235, "2018": 280, "2019": 425, "2020": 641, "2021": 936, "2022": 1349, "2023": 2000, "2024": 641 }; var keywordsArray = ["Curcumin","Herbal Medicines","Safety","Toxicology","Licorice","Glycyrrhiza Glabra","Berberis Vulgaris","Barberry","Bioavailability","Clinical Trials","Genotoxicity","Mutagenicity","Pharmacokinetics","Regulatory Guidelines"]; displayResults(statistics); displayLineChart(statistics); displayKeywordStats(keywordsArray); </script></p> <h3><b>Safety and Toxicity of Other Herbal Medicines</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other than curcumin, most herbal medicines have been hailed for their therapeutic benefits but must be viewed in light of their potential adverse effects. For example, the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra and its uses include anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects that have been used traditionally. Nevertheless, licorice has been found to exhibit some undesirable side effects, which include: * increased blood pressure, though this effect is closely linked to long-term use of licorice; * heart problems; * increased risk of both types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2; * hormone secretion disturbance; * water retention and consequently, swelling; * mental effects such as paranoia and hallucinations. The direct substance, glycyrrhizin, affects blood pressure, potassium levels, and heart risks. These effects are worse among patients with other illnesses or those who are on some drugs for other illnesses.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another herbal medicinal plant among the plants with pharmacological activity is Berberis vulgaris (barberry), which contains antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Berberine, the main active component of the earth alum, is associated with side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, photosensitivity, and how it interacts with drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450. It is strongly recommended that pregnant women and G6PD clients abstain from taking berberine since this supplement tends to have severe side effects.</span></p> <h3><b>Clinical and Preclinical Studies on Curcumin</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some clinical studies reviewed its efficacy and safety for patients; it has gone through several clinical trials. In one of the studies done to trace the impact of curcumin on metabolic syndrome, there was a marked enhancement in the lipid profile, with few symptoms observed as not serious. A similar trial done on NAFLD patients established the ability of curcumin to decrease liver fat content and enhance biochemical tests; this was done without side effects.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">More evidence of curcumin safety is found in the preclinical research findings. For example, studies on animal subjects have confirmed that curcumin, at the desired dose, has the potential to exert direct toxic effects on cancerous cells while at the same time avoiding normal cells. Nonetheless, curcumin has been observed to show signs of toxicity to liver and kidney tissues at very high concentrations. It is with these implications that this evidence stresses the factors of dosage and formulation to yield the therapeutic potential of curcumin with minimal adverse effects.</span></p> <h3><b>Comprehensive Toxicological Reviews</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Toxicological studies on the effects of herbs and curcumin, in particular, should be conducted to understand the use of the products in their natural environments. Thus, acute, subacute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity studies are considered important in the assessment of the safety margins of herbal medicine. For instance, investigations on the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of curcumin have revealed minimal hazards; however, investigations using high doses in animal models identified particular care.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Likewise, considering the toxicological impact of licorice and barberry, the authors stress the dosage, period of treatment, and overall health state of the patient. Some of these reviews classify toxic effects by the dose and the time of exposure that the patients experienced; this gives a better perception of the risks associated with long-term or high-intensity use of these herbs.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://toxicology.blog/recent-publications/index/herbal medicines" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="herbal medicines - yearwise publication list">herbal medicines</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function decodeString(str) { str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); return str; } function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var title_de = decodeString(paper.title); var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${title_de}">${title_de}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://toxicology.blog/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant Activities, LCMS Profiles of Mespilus germanica Leaf Extract and Effects on mRNA Transcription Levels of Apoptotic, Autophagic, and Necrotic Genes in MCF7 and A549 Cancer Cell Lines.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38850406", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Study on the anti-skin aging effect and mechanism of Sijunzi Tang based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38880400", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Age-related differences in drug-induced liver injury: a retrospective single-center study from a large liver disease specialty hospital in China, 2002-2022.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38898191", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "In situ growth of dual-responsive polymer as coating for open tubular capillary electrochromatographic separation of epimedins.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38902347", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Recent advances in the treatment of oral ulcerative mucositis from clinical and basic perspectives.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38866365", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Identifying ligands directly interacting with target protein in medicinal herbs by metabolomic analysis of T2-filtered HSQC spectra.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38959759", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Strategies for Enhancing Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Integrating Chinese Herbal Medicines with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Therapy.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39117263", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Role of P-glycoprotein in Regulating the Efficacy, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Yunaconitine.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39108114", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Phytogenic effects of Marrubium vulgare on the growth performance of weaned piglets: biochemical parameters and liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric profile of plant and animal serum.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39113580", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Exploring Folklore Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Components Focusing on Antidiabetic Potential: An Overview.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38891245", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Development of a Non-Target Screening and Quantitative Analysis Strategy Based on UPLC-Q-TOF\/MS and UPLC-QQQ\/MS to Improve the Quality Control of Wuling Capsule.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38893474", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Therapeutic and pharmacological efficacy of plant-derived bioactive compounds in targeting breast cancer.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38883353", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Comprehensive Exploration of the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Leaves in Treating Neurological Disorders.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38904550", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "In Silico Approaches to Polyherbal Synergy: Protocol for a Scoping Review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38857494", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Effects of traditional Chinese medicines on weight management among adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38863737", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The effect of aqueous extract of orchid root on the structure of ovary and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome rat model: An experimental study.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38868447", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Contribution of Phenolamides to the Quality Evaluation in Lycium spp.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38657878", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Ethnobotanical assessment of antidiabetic medicinal plants in District Karak, Pakistan.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38658923", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Repeated epidural delivery of Shinbaro2: effects on neural recovery, inflammation, and pain modulation in a rat model of lumbar spinal stenosis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38828447", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Cassia angustifolia and tacrolimus interaction in a liver transplant patient, a case report.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38657592", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Curcumin","Herbal Medicines","Safety","Toxicology","Licorice","Glycyrrhiza Glabra","Berberis Vulgaris","Barberry","Bioavailability","Clinical Trials","Genotoxicity","Mutagenicity","Pharmacokinetics","Regulatory Guidelines"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3><b>Addressing Misconceptions and Promoting Safe Use</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The seventh difficulty of conventional herbal medicines is the general assumption of people that anything natural assumes health benefits, and this is wrong since nature does not necessarily imply safety. Regarding myths, it is important to know that education plays a vital role in the elimination of existing myths and the proper use of these products. This paper focuses on the critical recommendation given by healthcare practitioners to consumers on the use of herbal supplements given the condition of the patients and possible interactions with drugs.</span></p> <h3><b>Regulatory Perspectives and Future Directions</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Different regulatory authorities across the globe have woken up to the necessity of coming up with a policy that would facilitate the formulation of sound regulation on the use of herbal medicines. The use of universal measures to assess toxic habits and negative impacts, as well as the correct indication of possible dangerous effects, can improve consumer safety. Continued studies on the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and chronic effects of herbal remedies will enhance a larger and safer database.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is essential to note that the progress of herbal medicine in the future is inclined toward a combination of traditional knowledge and the principles of scientific work. New findings in the areas of biotechnology and pharmacology present several opportunities for the improvement of the effects and toxicity of plant remedies. For example, the development of curcumin nanocarriers as formulations aimed at enhancing its solubility and the desired pharmacological action and reducing side reactions. Elements such as innovative approaches along with applicable safety measures may define guidelines for employing herbal medicines efficiently and safely in the contemporary healthcare system.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Though curcumin and other herbal medicines are very effective in the management of diseases, their safety and toxicological aspects need serious consideration. Nonetheless, the consumption of curcumin supplements has been observed to be safe and well-enduring; nevertheless, high dosages as well as particular forms of the compound should be consumed with considerable precaution. Other herbal medicines like licorice and barberry contain possible risks that require attention to their dosage form, length of treatment, and holistic health status of the patient. Toxicological assessments of the compounds as well as a proper application of policies are highly recommended in the utilization of natural compounds. extracted from the plants. With the increasing acceptance of herbal medicines, it is crucial to have a proper blend of traditional knowledge and modern science if the traditional systems are to offer their best to mankind’s wellness.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li>Panahi, Y., Ahmadi, Y., Teymouri, M., Johnston, T.P. and Sahebkar, A., 2018. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcp.25756">Curcumin as a potential candidate for treating hyperlipidemia: A review of cellular and metabolic mechanisms.</a> <i>Journal of cellular physiology</i>, <i>233</i>(1), pp.141-152.</li> <li>Nazari, S., Rameshrad, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H., 2017. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.5893">Toxicological effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice): a review.</a> <i>Phytotherapy research</i>, <i>31</i>(11), pp.1635-1650.</li> <li>de Campos, P.S., Matte, B.F., Diel, L.F., Jesus, L.H., Bernardi, L., Alves, A.M., Rados, P.V. and Lamers, M.L., 2017. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.5872">Low doses of curcuma longa modulates cell migration and cell–cell adhesion.</a> <i>Phytotherapy Research</i>, <i>31</i>(9), pp.1433-1440.</li> <li>Liang, Z., Wu, R., Xie, W., Xie, C., Wu, J., Geng, S., Li, X., Zhu, M., Zhu, W., Zhu, J. and Huang, C., 2017. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.5844">Effects of curcumin on tobacco smoke‐induced hepatic MAPK pathway activation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in vivo.</a> <i>Phytotherapy Research</i>, <i>31</i>(8), pp.1230-1239.</li> <li>Kunnumakkara, A.B., Bordoloi, D., Padmavathi, G., Monisha, J., Roy, N.K., Prasad, S. and Aggarwal, B.B., 2017. <a href="https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bph.13621">Curcumin, the golden nutraceutical: multitargeting for multiple chronic diseases.</a> <i>British journal of pharmacology</i>, <i>174</i>(11), pp.1325-1348.</li> <li>Rad, S.Z.K., Rameshrad, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H., 2017. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5478780/">Toxicology effects of Berberis vulgaris (barberry) and its active constituent, berberine: a review.</a> <i>Iranian journal of basic medical sciences</i>, <i>20</i>(5), p.516.</li> <li>Davatgaran-Taghipour, Y., Masoomzadeh, S., Farzaei, M.H., Bahramsoltani, R., Karimi-Soureh, Z., Rahimi, R. and Abdollahi, M., 2017. <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/IJN.S131973">Polyphenol nanoformulations for cancer therapy: experimental evidence and clinical perspective.</a> <i>International journal of nanomedicine</i>, pp.2689-2702.</li> <li>Zhu, J.Y., Yang, X., Chen, Y., Jiang, Y.E., Wang, S.J., Li, Y., Wang, X.Q., Meng, Y., Zhu, M.M., Ma, X. and Huang, C., 2017. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.5791">Curcumin suppresses lung cancer stem cells via inhibiting Wnt/β‐catenin and sonic hedgehog pathways.</a> <i>Phytotherapy Research</i>, <i>31</i>(4), pp.680-688.</li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">herbal medicines</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://toxicology.blog/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { if (author.affiliation.length > 400) { return; } var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://toxicology.blog/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://toxicology.blog/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "39P4KowBWBy50K-rrQAm": { "aid": "39P4KowBWBy50K-rrQAm", "name": "Chi\u2010Huey Wong", "citation_count": 53141, "hindex": 116, "paper_count": 1067, "affiliation": "Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; ", "email": "chwong@gate.sinica.edu.tw", "slug_tail": "chi-huey-wong" }, "BxbtK4wBWBy50K-r3ulL": { "aid": "BxbtK4wBWBy50K-r3ulL", "name": "G. Guillemin", "citation_count": 19927, "hindex": 73, "paper_count": 403, "affiliation": "Neuroinflammation Group, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Macquarie University, 2, Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia. ", "email": "gilles.guillemin@mq.edu.au", "slug_tail": "g-guillemin" }, "izL1K4wBWBy50K-r6sCp": { "aid": "izL1K4wBWBy50K-r6sCp", "name": "Chong-Zhi Wang", "citation_count": 10276, "hindex": 56, "paper_count": 276, "affiliation": "Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA. ", "email": "cwang@dacc.uchicago.edu", "slug_tail": "chong-zhi-wang" }, "bp9VK4wBWBy50K-rTD14": { "aid": "bp9VK4wBWBy50K-rTD14", "name": "H. Takayama", "citation_count": 11203, "hindex": 54, "paper_count": 468, "affiliation": "Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. ", "email": "takayamah@faculty.chiba-u.jp", "slug_tail": "h-takayama" }, "uzjdKowBWBy50K-rD-bw": { "aid": "uzjdKowBWBy50K-rD-bw", "name": "V. Andrisano", "citation_count": 9953, "hindex": 54, "paper_count": 292, "affiliation": "Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy. ", "email": "vincenza.andrisano@unibo.it", "slug_tail": "v-andrisano" }, "xTg-K4wBWBy50K-rcZZ0": { "aid": "xTg-K4wBWBy50K-rcZZ0", "name": "E. Anklam", "citation_count": 10295, "hindex": 54, "paper_count": 227, "affiliation": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Belgium. ", "email": "elke.anklam@ec.europa.eu", "slug_tail": "e-anklam" }, "M_0AK4wBWBy50K-rvM_k": { "aid": "M_0AK4wBWBy50K-rvM_k", "name": "B. Ghosh", "citation_count": 10613, "hindex": 53, "paper_count": 356, "affiliation": "Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, India, 500078. ", "email": "balaram@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in", "slug_tail": "b-ghosh" }, "yk0OK4wBWBy50K-r-gVA": { "aid": "yk0OK4wBWBy50K-r-gVA", "name": "How-Ran Guo", "citation_count": 8927, "hindex": 48, "paper_count": 418, "affiliation": "Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Daxue Road, East District, Tainan City 701, Tainan, Taiwan. ", "email": "hrguo@mail.ncku.edu.tw", "slug_tail": "how-ran-guo" }, "LNjfK4wBWBy50K-rsA6M": { "aid": "LNjfK4wBWBy50K-rsA6M", "name": "M. Locatelli", "citation_count": 6556, "hindex": 47, "paper_count": 252, "affiliation": "Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti\u207bPescara \"G. d'Annunzio\", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy. ", "email": "m.locatelli@unich.it", "slug_tail": "m-locatelli" }, "Wa7xKowBWBy50K-r0Aj5": { "aid": "Wa7xKowBWBy50K-r0Aj5", "name": "Huwei Liu", "citation_count": 6999, "hindex": 46, "paper_count": 277, "affiliation": "Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. ", "email": "hwliu@pku.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "huwei-liu" }, "Tsb2KowBWBy50K-rf8PI": { "aid": "Tsb2KowBWBy50K-rf8PI", "name": "Wei Zhang", "citation_count": 5768, "hindex": 45, "paper_count": 154, "affiliation": "Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. ", "email": "weizhang@mail.ipc.ac.cn", "slug_tail": "wei-zhang" }, "XT8_K4wBWBy50K-roDKj": { "aid": "XT8_K4wBWBy50K-roDKj", "name": "R. Mu\u00f1oz", "citation_count": 6940, "hindex": 45, "paper_count": 271, "affiliation": "Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Jo\u00e3o Naves de \u00c1vila, 2121, Uberl\u00e2ndia, MG, 38408100, Brazil. ", "email": "munoz@ufu.br", "slug_tail": "r-munoz" }, "v1gRK4wBWBy50K-rRGI8": { "aid": "v1gRK4wBWBy50K-rRGI8", "name": "Hongbo R. Luo", "citation_count": 6704, "hindex": 45, "paper_count": 148, "affiliation": "Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber\/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. ", "email": "hongbo.luo@childrens.harvard.edu", "slug_tail": "hongbo-r-luo" }, "63EWK4wBWBy50K-rFl6o": { "aid": "63EWK4wBWBy50K-rFl6o", "name": "Ning Wang", "citation_count": 7735, "hindex": 44, "paper_count": 181, "affiliation": "School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. ", "email": "ckwang@hku.hk", "slug_tail": "ning-wang" }, "OE_AK4wBWBy50K-r9FWf": { "aid": "OE_AK4wBWBy50K-r9FWf", "name": "S. Byrn", "citation_count": 7137, "hindex": 44, "paper_count": 278, "affiliation": "Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA. ", "email": "sbyrn@purdue.edu", "slug_tail": "s-byrn" }, "rMjbK4wBWBy50K-rWMt1": { "aid": "rMjbK4wBWBy50K-rWMt1", "name": "Jia Liu", "citation_count": 8014, "hindex": 44, "paper_count": 193, "affiliation": "Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China. ", "email": "jianhuiyoung@gmail.com", "slug_tail": "jia-liu" }, "p17jKowBWBy50K-rlBd9": { "aid": "p17jKowBWBy50K-rlBd9", "name": "Y. Kashiwada", "citation_count": 6843, "hindex": 44, "paper_count": 235, "affiliation": "Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan. ", "email": "kasiwada@tokushima-u.ac.jp", "slug_tail": "y-kashiwada" }, "N63xKowBWBy50K-rey0Z": { "aid": "N63xKowBWBy50K-rey0Z", "name": "A. Zhang", "citation_count": 10301, "hindex": 43, "paper_count": 190, "affiliation": "The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China; The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, 3083, Australia. ", "email": "zhangla@gzucm.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "a-zhang" }, "JT4_K4wBWBy50K-rmf4f": { "aid": "JT4_K4wBWBy50K-rmf4f", "name": "P. Muriel", "citation_count": 6633, "hindex": 43, "paper_count": 162, "affiliation": "Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico. ", "email": "pmuriel@cinvestav.mx", "slug_tail": "p-muriel" }, "vvVoK4wBWBy50K-roESZ": { "aid": "vvVoK4wBWBy50K-roESZ", "name": "Shao-Ping Li", "citation_count": 5453, "hindex": 42, "paper_count": 173, "affiliation": "State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China. ", "email": "lishaoping@hotmail.com", "slug_tail": "shao-ping-li" }, "Dl6BK4wBWBy50K-rgHee": { "aid": "Dl6BK4wBWBy50K-rgHee", "name": "Changyou Zhan", "citation_count": 5034, "hindex": 42, "paper_count": 119, "affiliation": "Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, PR China. ", "email": "cyzhan@fudan.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "changyou-zhan" }, "2EYOK4wBWBy50K-rJMk6": { "aid": "2EYOK4wBWBy50K-rJMk6", "name": "Zhong-Zhen Zhao", "citation_count": 5316, "hindex": 41, "paper_count": 184, "affiliation": "School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. ", "email": "zzzhao@hkbu.edu.hk", "slug_tail": "zhong-zhen-zhao" }, "TeP7KowBWBy50K-rKy8W": { "aid": "TeP7KowBWBy50K-rKy8W", "name": "Ling Yang", "citation_count": 4978, "hindex": 40, "paper_count": 221, "affiliation": "Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. ", "email": "yling@dicp.ac.cn", "slug_tail": "ling-yang" }, "qM4qK4wBWBy50K-r6OGv": { "aid": "qM4qK4wBWBy50K-r6OGv", "name": "H. Allescher", "citation_count": 5880, "hindex": 40, "paper_count": 267, "affiliation": "Center for Esophageal and Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Center for Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Metabolism, Klinikum Garmisch- Partenkirchen, Garmisch- Partenkirchen, Germany. ", "email": "hans.allescher@klinikum-gap.de", "slug_tail": "h-allescher" }, "g5BSK4wBWBy50K-rQwma": { "aid": "g5BSK4wBWBy50K-rQwma", "name": "H. Tan", "citation_count": 5674, "hindex": 38, "paper_count": 114, "affiliation": "Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. ", "email": "hyhtan@hkbu.edu.hk", "slug_tail": "h-tan" }, "GCg7K4wBWBy50K-rwDMN": { "aid": "GCg7K4wBWBy50K-rwDMN", "name": "Yun Zhang", "citation_count": 5558, "hindex": 38, "paper_count": 173, "affiliation": "Department of Experimental Science, Lund University, 22 184 Lund, Sweden. ", "email": "yun.zhang@med.lu.se", "slug_tail": "yun-zhang" }, "RJzSK4wBWBy50K-rs18l": { "aid": "RJzSK4wBWBy50K-rs18l", "name": "G. Rabbani", "citation_count": 4312, "hindex": 38, "paper_count": 108, "affiliation": "Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea. ", "email": "rbbgulam@gmail.com", "slug_tail": "g-rabbani" }, "Y9VhK4wBWBy50K-r1LD6": { "aid": "Y9VhK4wBWBy50K-r1LD6", "name": "Zhi-xiu Lin", "citation_count": 4123, "hindex": 37, "paper_count": 171, "affiliation": "Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Rm 101, 1\/F Li Wai Chun Building, CUHK, Shatin, N.T. 999077, Hong Kong. ", "email": "linzx@cuhk.edu.hk", "slug_tail": "zhi-xiu-lin" }, "c4HLK4wBWBy50K-rasNt": { "aid": "c4HLK4wBWBy50K-rasNt", "name": "H. Nishi", "citation_count": 4281, "hindex": 36, "paper_count": 109, "affiliation": "Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan. ", "email": "nishi-h@yasuda-u.ac.jp", "slug_tail": "h-nishi" }, "QvbPKowBWBy50K-r69O6": { "aid": "QvbPKowBWBy50K-r69O6", "name": "Baojian Wu", "citation_count": 4280, "hindex": 36, "paper_count": 179, "affiliation": "Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (M.C., H.X., FY., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (M.C., B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.G.) ", "email": "bj.wu@hotmail.com", "slug_tail": "baojian-wu" }, "YKFVK4wBWBy50K-rwNGV": { "aid": "YKFVK4wBWBy50K-rwNGV", "name": "M. Jung", "citation_count": 3021, "hindex": 35, "paper_count": 91, "affiliation": "Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea. ", "email": "jung0603@pusan.ac.kr", "slug_tail": "m-jung" }, "FiXwK4wBWBy50K-rah72": { "aid": "FiXwK4wBWBy50K-rah72", "name": "S. Hung", "citation_count": 4228, "hindex": 35, "paper_count": 151, "affiliation": "Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. ", "email": "schung@gate.sinica.edu.tw", "slug_tail": "s-hung" }, "Cr5bK4wBWBy50K-r8v_s": { "aid": "Cr5bK4wBWBy50K-r8v_s", "name": "H. Tomioka", "citation_count": 3673, "hindex": 34, "paper_count": 277, "affiliation": "Department of Basic Medical Science for Nursing, Department of Primary Education, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan. ", "email": "tomioka@yasuda-u.ac.jp", "slug_tail": "h-tomioka" }, "tPQyK4wBWBy50K-rJ9DP": { "aid": "tPQyK4wBWBy50K-rJ9DP", "name": "M. Yam", "citation_count": 3589, "hindex": 34, "paper_count": 142, "affiliation": "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang11800, Malaysia. ", "email": "yammunfei@usm.my", "slug_tail": "m-yam" }, "J7WXK4wBWBy50K-rwi7R": { "aid": "J7WXK4wBWBy50K-rwi7R", "name": "N. Ahmadi", "citation_count": 5053, "hindex": 34, "paper_count": 241, "affiliation": "Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Olive View UCLA Medical Ctr, 1445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342. ", "email": "ahmadi@ucla.edu", "slug_tail": "n-ahmadi" }, "vUL4K4wBWBy50K-r5oOw": { "aid": "vUL4K4wBWBy50K-r5oOw", "name": "Byung-Cheul Shin", "citation_count": 3635, "hindex": 33, "paper_count": 165, "affiliation": "Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea. ", "email": "drshinbc@gmail.com", "slug_tail": "byung-cheul-shin" }, "be0wK4wBWBy50K-rO7AI": { "aid": "be0wK4wBWBy50K-rO7AI", "name": "Yan Li", "citation_count": 6636, "hindex": 33, "paper_count": 127, "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China. ", "email": "yanli@dlut.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "yan-li" }, "pQbqK4wBWBy50K-rIBEM": { "aid": "pQbqK4wBWBy50K-rIBEM", "name": "C. Zheng", "citation_count": 3987, "hindex": 33, "paper_count": 106, "affiliation": "School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. ", "email": "zheng_chengjian@hotmail.com", "slug_tail": "c-zheng" }, "gB3vK4wBWBy50K-rQZwZ": { "aid": "gB3vK4wBWBy50K-rQZwZ", "name": "Hocheol Kim", "citation_count": 3578, "hindex": 32, "paper_count": 167, "affiliation": "Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea. ", "email": "hckim@khu.ac.kr", "slug_tail": "hocheol-kim" }, "FW0VK4wBWBy50K-rcbew": { "aid": "FW0VK4wBWBy50K-rcbew", "name": "Yasuo Watanabe", "citation_count": 3688, "hindex": 32, "paper_count": 205, "affiliation": "Department of Pharmacology, High Technology Research Center, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan. ", "email": "yasuwata@ac.shoyaku.ac.jp", "slug_tail": "yasuo-watanabe" }, "UOL7KowBWBy50K-rAAGS": { "aid": "UOL7KowBWBy50K-rAAGS", "name": "N. Noguchi", "citation_count": 3316, "hindex": 32, "paper_count": 198, "affiliation": "Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan, ", "email": "noguchin@toyaku.ac.jp", "slug_tail": "n-noguchi" }, "VC70K4wBWBy50K-rG9f6": { "aid": "VC70K4wBWBy50K-rG9f6", "name": "S. Cai", "citation_count": 3588, "hindex": 32, "paper_count": 215, "affiliation": "State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China. ", "email": "sqcai@hsc.pku.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "s-cai" }, "b-1mK4wBWBy50K-ruLzp": { "aid": "b-1mK4wBWBy50K-ruLzp", "name": "Yan-Fang Xian", "citation_count": 2776, "hindex": 32, "paper_count": 110, "affiliation": "School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. ", "email": "lisaxian@cuhk.edu.hk", "slug_tail": "yan-fang-xian" }, "zVYQK4wBWBy50K-r2DTX": { "aid": "zVYQK4wBWBy50K-r2DTX", "name": "D. Sze", "citation_count": 5195, "hindex": 32, "paper_count": 103, "affiliation": "School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia. ", "email": "daniel.sze@rmit.edu.au", "slug_tail": "d-sze" }, "JEcOK4wBWBy50K-rQJma": { "aid": "JEcOK4wBWBy50K-rQJma", "name": "Ying-Ju Lin", "citation_count": 3182, "hindex": 31, "paper_count": 132, "affiliation": "School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. ", "email": "yjlin@mail.cmu.edu.tw", "slug_tail": "ying-ju-lin" }, "_vxqK4wBWBy50K-rBPDc": { "aid": "_vxqK4wBWBy50K-rBPDc", "name": "Xin Liu", "citation_count": 3239, "hindex": 31, "paper_count": 170, "affiliation": "Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. ", "email": "liuxin64@nankai.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "xin-liu" }, "EkrAK4wBWBy50K-rIref": { "aid": "EkrAK4wBWBy50K-rIref", "name": "Hai-bin Qu", "citation_count": 3415, "hindex": 31, "paper_count": 210, "affiliation": "Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. ", "email": "quhb@zju.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "hai-bin-qu" }, "mz15K4wBWBy50K-rn94V": { "aid": "mz15K4wBWBy50K-rn94V", "name": "Chao Zhao", "citation_count": 2555, "hindex": 31, "paper_count": 82, "affiliation": "College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. ", "email": "zhchao@live.cn", "slug_tail": "chao-zhao" }, "GFxFK4wBWBy50K-reo55": { "aid": "GFxFK4wBWBy50K-reo55", "name": "F. Ulberth", "citation_count": 2929, "hindex": 30, "paper_count": 152, "affiliation": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium. ", "email": "franz.ulberth@ec.europa.eu", "slug_tail": "f-ulberth" }, "qJuRK4wBWBy50K-rXIvV": { "aid": "qJuRK4wBWBy50K-rXIvV", "name": "Juan Zhou", "citation_count": 6173, "hindex": 30, "paper_count": 129, "affiliation": "Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. ", "email": "helen.zhou@duke-nus.edu.sg", "slug_tail": "juan-zhou" } }; //console.log(authors_data); displayResults_author(authors_data); var keywordsArray = ["Curcumin","Herbal Medicines","Safety","Toxicology","Licorice","Glycyrrhiza Glabra","Berberis Vulgaris","Barberry","Bioavailability","Clinical Trials","Genotoxicity","Mutagenicity","Pharmacokinetics","Regulatory Guidelines"]; displayKeywordAuthors(keywordsArray); </script></p> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="gp-icon icon-categories"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 112c0-26.51 21.49-48 48-48h110.014a48 48 0 0143.592 27.907l12.349 26.791A16 16 0 00228.486 128H464c26.51 0 48 21.49 48 48v224c0 26.51-21.49 48-48 48H48c-26.51 0-48-21.49-48-48V112z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/category/herbal-medicines/" rel="category tag">Herbal Medicines</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"/><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/barberry/" rel="tag">Barberry</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/berberis-vulgaris/" rel="tag">Berberis Vulgaris</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/bioavailability/" rel="tag">Bioavailability</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/clinical-trials/" rel="tag">Clinical Trials</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/curcumin/" rel="tag">Curcumin</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/genotoxicity/" rel="tag">Genotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/glycyrrhiza-glabra/" rel="tag">Glycyrrhiza Glabra</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/herbal-medicines/" rel="tag">Herbal Medicines</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/licorice/" rel="tag">Licorice</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/mutagenicity/" rel="tag">Mutagenicity</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/pharmacokinetics/" rel="tag">Pharmacokinetics</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/safety/" rel="tag">Safety</a>, <a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/tag/toxicology/" rel="tag">Toxicology</a></span> <nav id="nav-below" class="post-navigation" aria-label="Posts"> <div class="nav-previous"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow-left"><svg viewBox="0 0 192 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414"><path d="M178.425 138.212c0 2.265-1.133 4.813-2.832 6.512L64.276 256.001l111.317 111.277c1.7 1.7 2.832 4.247 2.832 6.513 0 2.265-1.133 4.813-2.832 6.512L161.43 394.46c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.514 2.832-2.266 0-4.816-1.133-6.515-2.832L16.407 262.514c-1.699-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.513 0-2.265 1.133-4.813 2.832-6.512l131.994-131.947c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.831 6.515-2.831 2.265 0 4.815 1.132 6.514 2.831l14.163 14.157c1.7 1.7 2.832 3.965 2.832 6.513z" fill-rule="nonzero" /></svg></span><span class="prev"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/metallothioneins/understanding-the-role-of-metallothioneins-in-human-health-and-disease/" rel="prev">Understanding the Role of Metallothioneins in Human Health and Disease</a></span></div><div class="nav-next"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow-right"><svg viewBox="0 0 192 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414"><path d="M178.425 256.001c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.832 6.515L43.599 394.509c-1.7 1.7-4.248 2.833-6.514 2.833s-4.816-1.133-6.515-2.833l-14.163-14.162c-1.699-1.7-2.832-3.966-2.832-6.515 0-2.266 1.133-4.815 2.832-6.515l111.317-111.316L16.407 144.685c-1.699-1.7-2.832-4.249-2.832-6.515s1.133-4.815 2.832-6.515l14.163-14.162c1.7-1.7 4.249-2.833 6.515-2.833s4.815 1.133 6.514 2.833l131.994 131.993c1.7 1.7 2.832 4.249 2.832 6.515z" fill-rule="nonzero" /></svg></span><span class="next"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/aquatic-life/toxicological-effects-of-heavy-metals-on-aquatic-life/" rel="next">Toxicological Effects of Heavy Metals on Aquatic Life</a></span></div> </nav> </footer> </div> </article> </main> </div> <div class="widget-area sidebar is-right-sidebar" id="right-sidebar"> <div class="inside-right-sidebar"> <aside id="block-2" class="widget inner-padding widget_block widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" action="https://toxicology.blog/archive/" class="wp-block-search__button-outside wp-block-search__text-button wp-block-search" ><label class="wp-block-search__label" for="wp-block-search__input-1" >Search</label><div class="wp-block-search__inside-wrapper " ><input class="wp-block-search__input" id="wp-block-search__input-1" placeholder="" value="" type="search" name="s" required /><button aria-label="Search" class="wp-block-search__button wp-element-button" type="submit" >Search</button></div></form></aside><aside id="block-3" class="widget inner-padding widget_block"><div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Recent Posts</h2><ul class="wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts"><li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/ketamine/ketamine-a-promising-treatment-for-severe-depression-and-suicidal-ideation/">Ketamine: A Promising Treatment for Severe Depression and Suicidal Ideation</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/aquatic-life/toxicological-effects-of-heavy-metals-on-aquatic-life/">Toxicological Effects of Heavy Metals on Aquatic Life</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/herbal-medicines/safety-and-toxicology-of-curcumin-and-other-herbal-medicines/">Safety and Toxicology of Curcumin and Other Herbal Medicines</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/metallothioneins/understanding-the-role-of-metallothioneins-in-human-health-and-disease/">Understanding the Role of Metallothioneins in Human Health and Disease</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/toxicology/advances-in-poison-control-and-toxicology-key-findings-and-trends/">Advances in Poison Control and Toxicology: Key Findings and Trends</a></li> </ul></div></div></aside><aside id="block-4" class="widget inner-padding widget_block"><div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Recent Comments</h2><div class="no-comments wp-block-latest-comments">No comments to show.</div></div></div></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer footer-bar-active footer-bar-align-right"> <footer class="site-info" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope> <div class="inside-site-info grid-container"> <div class="footer-bar"> <aside id="nav_menu-2" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-footer-menu-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-34" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-33" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-32" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-32"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/terms-and-conditions/">Terms and Conditions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-30" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30"><a href="https://toxicology.blog/archive/about-us/">About us</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="copyright-bar"> &copy; 2024 Toxicology </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script id="generate-a11y">!function(){"use strict";if("querySelector"in document&&"addEventListener"in window){var e=document.body;e.addEventListener("mousedown",function(){e.classList.add("using-mouse")}),e.addEventListener("keydown",function(){e.classList.remove("using-mouse")})}}();</script> <div class="gp-modal gp-search-modal" id="gp-search"> <div class="gp-modal__overlay" tabindex="-1" data-gpmodal-close> <div class="gp-modal__container"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-modal-form" action="https://toxicology.blog/archive/"> <label for="search-modal-input" class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</label> <div class="search-modal-fields"> <input id="search-modal-input" type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search &hellip;" value="" name="s" /> <button aria-label="Search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg></span></button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/js/sticky.min.js?ver=2.4.1" id="generate-sticky-js"></script> <!--[if lte IE 11]> <script src="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/classList.min.js?ver=3.4.0" id="generate-classlist-js"></script> <![endif]--> <script id="generate-menu-js-extra"> var generatepressMenu = {"toggleOpenedSubMenus":"1","openSubMenuLabel":"Open Sub-Menu","closeSubMenuLabel":"Close Sub-Menu"}; </script> <script src="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/menu.min.js?ver=3.4.0" id="generate-menu-js"></script> <script src="https://toxicology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/dist/modal.js?ver=3.4.0" id="generate-modal-js"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10