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class="mw-page-title-main">Bal-musette</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musette" title="Musette – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Musette" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musette_(Walzer)" title="Musette (Walzer) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Musette (Walzer)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal_musette" title="Bal musette – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bal musette" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AE%A4%EC%A0%9C%ED%8A%B8" title="뮤제트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뮤제트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musette_(musikk)" title="Musette (musikk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Musette (musikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7770873#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bal-musette" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Bal-musette</b> is a style of French instrumental music and dance that first became popular in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in the 1880s. Although it began with <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a> as the main instrument, this instrument was eventually replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a>, on which a variety of waltzes, polkas, and other dance styles were played. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal-musette&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auvergne (province)">Auvergnats</a> settled in large numbers in the <a href="/wiki/5th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="5th arrondissement of Paris">5th</a>, <a href="/wiki/11th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="11th arrondissement of Paris">11th</a>, and <a href="/wiki/12th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="12th arrondissement of Paris">12th</a> districts (<i><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement" title="Arrondissement">arrondissements</a></i>) of Paris during the 19th century, opening cafés and bars where patrons danced the <a href="/wiki/Bourr%C3%A9e" title="Bourrée">bourrée</a> to the accompaniment of the <a href="/wiki/Cabrette" title="Cabrette">cabrette</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Bellows" title="Bellows">bellows</a>-blown <a href="/wiki/Bagpipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagpipe">bagpipe</a> locally called a "<a href="/wiki/Musette_de_cour" title="Musette de cour">musette</a>") and often the <a href="/wiki/Vielle_%C3%A0_roue" class="mw-redirect" title="Vielle à roue">vielle à roue</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a>). Parisian and immigrant <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> musicians who played the <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a> adopted the style and established themselves in Auvergnat bars especially in the <a href="/wiki/19th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="19th arrondissement of Paris">19th arrondissement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-la_valse_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-la_valse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Danser_en_societe_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danser_en_societe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Italians began introducing new rhythms like the <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</a> into the traditional musical form and began playing it on the recently-introduced hybrid accordion, conflicts arose, and the Italian and Auvergnat styles split. By the end of 19th century, there were three kinds of <i>bals-musette</i> establishments: </p> <ul><li><i>bal des familles</i> - Auvergnat</li> <li><i>bal musette populaires</i> - Italian</li> <li><i>guinche</i> or <i>bal de barrière</i> - seedy hangouts frequented by <a href="/wiki/Low-life" title="Low-life">low-lifes</a> and so-called <a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemians</a>.</li></ul> <p>These places often were frequented by members of the French upper classes looking for excitement among the poor and downtrodden. Some establishments even staged mock police raids for their patrons' benefit. Performers of this era include Antoine Bouscatel, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Vacher" title="Émile Vacher">Émile Vacher</a>, Martin Cayla, Charles Péguri, and <a href="/wiki/Gus_Viseur" title="Gus Viseur">Gus Viseur</a>. </p><p>Musette dance forms arose from people looking for easier, faster and more sensual dance steps, as well as forms that did not require a large hall. "Musette-forms" that established themselves as variations to popular dances of the day include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tango (dance)">tango</a>-musette</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">paso</a>-musette</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valse" class="mw-redirect" title="Valse">valse</a>-musette, with a special variation called <i>la toupie</i> ("the <a href="/wiki/Spinning_top" title="Spinning top">top</a>"), where dancers are very close and turn around themselves very regularly.</li></ul> <p>An original musette dance also appeared, known as <a href="/wiki/Java_(dance)" title="Java (dance)">java</a>. </p><p>Admission to most bals was free, but dancers bought dance tokens at the cash-desk. These tokens were made of metal in various shapes, with the name of the hall stamped on one side. In the middle of the dance, the bal director walked between the couples with a bag and the dancers turned in a token.<sup id="cite_ref-Danser_en_societe_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danser_en_societe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Gypsy_jazz" title="Gypsy jazz">gypsy jazz</a>, a rhythmic form of <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing music</a>, drew on musette styles. By 1945, the bal-musette became the most popular style of dance in France and its biggest stars were widely known across the country. Its popularity declined drastically beginning around 1960. A revival of bals has begun, especially in larger cities, and a modern form of the musette is establishing itself.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal-musette&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-la_valse-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-la_valse_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rémi Hess : <i>La valse, un romantisme révolutionnaire</i>, Métailié editor, Sciences humaines collection, April 2003, p. 147-148. (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-86424-468-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-86424-468-3">2-86424-468-3</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Danser_en_societe-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Danser_en_societe_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danser_en_societe_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henri Joannis Deberne : <i>Danser en société</i>, Christine Bonneton (editor), 3/1999, Paris. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-86253-229-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-86253-229-0">2-86253-229-0</a>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal-musette&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Amandine Dewaele (1995), <i>Les origines du bal musette</i>, Paris 8e: Mémoire de maîtrise d'anthropologie.</li> <li>Roger Chenault (1995), <i>La danse musette</i>, Courbevoie: Author edition.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal-musette&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swingjo.com/home.php">web site of Jo Privat, a French musette accordion player</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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