CINXE.COM

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<p>Protein kinases transfer phosphate groups from ATP to serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues on protein/peptide substrates, directly affecting the activity and function of the target. Radiolabel studies suggest that approximately 30% of proteins in eukaryotic cells are subject to phosphorylation. Lipid kinases, such as the PI 3-Kinase and DGK families, transfer phosphate groups to lipid substrates, which can then act as docking sites and second messengers for downstream signaling proteins. Kinase activation regulates a broad range of cellular activities including the cell cycle, differentiation, metabolism, and neuronal communication. The intracellular kinases listed below are associated with the Akt signaling pathway, which regulates cell growth, survival, proliferation, autophagy, and metabolism. Unregulated kinase signaling can be oncogenic and components of the Akt pathway are often altered in cancer. </p> </div> <div class="et-researchareas-children bullet_tile_parent"> <ul> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">Akt Isoforms</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/akt">Akt</a></li> <li><a href="/target/akt-protein-kinase-b-activators">Akt (Protein Kinase B) Activators</a></li> <li><a href="/target/akt-protein-kinase-b-inhibitors">Akt (Protein Kinase B) Inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/target/akt1">Akt1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/akt2">Akt2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/akt3">Akt3</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">AMPK (AMP-activated Protein Kinases)</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/ampk-activators">AMPK Activators</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ampk-alpha-1">AMPK alpha 1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ampk-alpha-2">AMPK alpha 2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ampk-beta-1">AMPK beta 1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ampk-beta-2">AMPK beta 2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ampk-gamma-1">AMPK gamma 1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ampk-gamma-3">AMPK gamma 3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ampk-inhibitors">AMPK Inhibitors</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">CaM Kinases</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/cam-kinase-i">CaM Kinase I</a></li> <li><a href="/target/cam-kinase-ii">CaM Kinase II</a></li> <li><a href="/target/cam-kinase-ii-alpha">CaM Kinase II alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/target/cam-kinase-ii-delta">CaM Kinase II delta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/cam-kinase-ii-gamma">CaM Kinase II gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/target/cam-kinase-inhibitors">CaM Kinase Inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/target/camkk">CaMKK</a></li> <li><a href="/target/camkk-alpha">CaMKK alpha</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">Casein Kinases</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/casein-kinase-1-alpha">Casein Kinase 1 alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/target/casein-kinase-1-gamma">Casein Kinase 1 gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/target/casein-kinase-1-delta">Casein Kinase 1 delta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/casein-kinase-1-epsilon">Casein Kinase 1 epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/target/casein-kinase-1-inhibitors">Casein Kinase 1 Inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/target/casein-kinase-2-alpha">Casein Kinase 2 alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/target/casein-kinase-2-beta">Casein Kinase 2 beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/casein-kinase-2-inhibitors">Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitors</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">CDKs in the Akt Pathway</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/cdc2-cdk1">CDC2/CDK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/cdk2">CDK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/cdk4">CDK4</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">DGKs in the Akt Pathway</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/dgk-beta">DGK-beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/dgk-theta">DGK-theta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/dgk-zeta">DGK-zeta</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">GRKs in the Akt Pathway</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/grk2">GRK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/grk5">GRK5</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">IkB Kinase (IKK)</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/ikb-kinase-inhibitors">IkB Kinase Inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ikk-alpha">IKK alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ikk-beta">IKK beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ikk-gamma">IKK gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ikk-epsilon">IKK epsilon</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">IRAK Family</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/irak1">IRAK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/irak2">IRAK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/irak3">IRAK3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/irak4">IRAK4</a></li> <li><a href="/target/irak-inhibitors">IRAK Inhibitors</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">Jak Kinases</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/jak-kinase-inhibitors">JAK Kinase Inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/target/jak1">Jak1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/jak2">Jak2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/jak3">Jak3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/tyk2">Tyk2</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">MAP3Ks in the Akt Pathway</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/a-raf">A-Raf</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ask1">ASK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/map3k8-tpl2-cot">MAP3K8/Tpl2/COT</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mekk3">MEKK3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mlk3">MLK3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/nik-map3k14">NIK/MAP3K14</a></li> <li><a href="/target/raf-1">Raf-1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/b-raf">B-Raf</a></li> <li><a href="/target/tak1">TAK1</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">MAPKs in the Akt Pathway</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/erk1-erk2">ERK1/ERK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/erk1">ERK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/erk2">ERK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/erk5-bmk1">ERK5/BMK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/jnk">JNK</a></li> <li><a href="/target/jnk1-jnk2">JNK1/JNK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/jnk1">JNK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/jnk2">JNK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/jnk3">JNK3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/p38-alpha">p38 alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/target/p38-beta-mapk11">p38 beta/MAPK11</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases (MEKs/MKKs)</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/mek1-mek2">MEK1/MEK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mek-inhibitors">MEK Inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mek1">MEK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mek2">MEK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mek5">MEK5</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mkk3-mkk6">MKK3/MKK6</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mkk3">MKK3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mkk4">MKK4</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mkk6">MKK6</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mkk7">MKK7</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">PAKs in the Akt Pathway</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/pak1">PAK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pak2">PAK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pak3">PAK3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pak4">PAK4</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">PI 3-Kinases (Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases)</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/pi-3-kinase-activators">PI 3-Kinase Activators</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pi-3-kinase-c2-beta">PI 3-Kinase C2 beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pi-3-kinase-inhibitors">PI 3-Kinase Inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p55-gamma">PI 3-Kinase p55 gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p85-alpha">PI 3-Kinase p85 alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p110-beta">PI 3-Kinase p110 beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p110-gamma">PI 3-Kinase p110 gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p110-delta">PI 3-Kinase p110 delta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p85-beta">PI 3-Kinase p85 beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pik3ca">PIK3CA</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pik3r4">PIK3R4</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pik3r5">PIK3R5</a></li> <li><a href="/target/vps34-pik3c3">VPS34/PIK3C3</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">PKA Isoforms</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/pka-c-pan">PKA C (pan)</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pka-c-alpha">PKA C alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pka-c-alpha-beta">PKA C alpha/beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pka-c-beta">PKA C beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pka-ri-beta">PKA RI beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pka-rii-alpha">PKA RII alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/target/protein-kinase-a-activators">Protein Kinase A Activators</a></li> <li><a href="/target/protein-kinase-a-inhibitors">Protein Kinase A Inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/target/protein-kinase-a-modulators">Protein Kinase A Modulators</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">PKC Isoforms</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/pkc-alpha">PKC alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkc-beta-1">PKC beta 1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkc-beta-2">PKC beta 2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkc-gamma">PKC gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkc-epsilon">PKC epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkc-delta">PKC delta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkc-iota-lambda">PKC iota/lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkc-iota-lambda-zeta">PKC iota/lambda/zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkc-theta">PKC theta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkc-zeta">PKC zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkn1">PKN1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkn2">PKN2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/protein-kinase-c-activators">Protein Kinase C Activators</a></li> <li><a href="/target/protein-kinase-c-inhibitors">Protein Kinase C Inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/target/sdpr">SDPR</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">Polo-like Kinases</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/plk1">PLK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/plk3">PLK3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/plkk">PLKK</a></li> <li><a href="/target/polo-like-kinase-inhibitors">Polo-like Kinase Inhibitors</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">Src Kinases in the Akt Pathway</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/fgr">Fgr</a></li> <li><a href="/target/frk">Frk</a></li> <li><a href="/target/fyn">Fyn</a></li> <li><a href="/target/hck">Hck</a></li> <li><a href="/target/lck">Lck</a></li> <li><a href="/target/lyn">Lyn</a></li> <li><a href="/target/lyn-b">Lyn B</a></li> <li><a href="/target/src">Src</a></li> <li><a href="/target/src-family-kinase-activators">Src Family Kinase Activators</a></li> <li><a href="/target/src-family-kinase-inhibitors">Src Family Kinase Inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/target/yes">Yes</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="et-researchareas-children-li"> <div class="et-researchareas-molecule-block"> <h3 class="et-researchareas-molecule-title">Other Intracellular Kinases in the Akt Pathway</h3> <ul class="et-researchareas-molecule-ul"> <li><a href="/target/ark5-nuak1">ARK5/NUAK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/atm">ATM</a></li> <li><a href="/target/aurora-a">Aurora A</a></li> <li><a href="/target/bmx">BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/target/brk">Brk</a></li> <li><a href="/target/btk">BTK</a></li> <li><a href="/target/chk1">Chk1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/chk2">Chk2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/dapk3-zipk">DAPK3/ZIPK</a></li> <li><a href="/target/fak">FAK</a></li> <li><a href="/target/fes">Fes</a></li> <li><a href="/target/gsk-3-alpha-beta">GSK-3 alpha/beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/gsk-3-alpha">GSK-3 alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/target/gsk-3-beta">GSK-3 beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ilk">ILK</a></li> <li><a href="/target/lkb1-stk11">LKB1/STK11</a></li> <li><a href="/target/lrrk2">LRRK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mapkapk2">MAPKAPK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/msk1">MSK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mst1-stk4">MST1/STK4</a></li> <li><a href="/target/mst2-stk3">MST2/STK3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/p70-s6-kinase">p70 S6 Kinase</a></li> <li><a href="/target/p70-s6-kinase-beta">p70 S6 Kinase beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pdk-1">PDK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pi-3-kinase-c2-beta">PI 3-Kinase C2 beta</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pim1">PIM1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pink1">PINK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pkr">PKR</a></li> <li><a href="/target/prkd2">PRKD2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/prkd3-npkc-nu">PRKD3/nPKC nu</a></li> <li><a href="/target/pyk2-fak2">PYK2/FAK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ripk1-rip1">RIPK1/RIP1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ripk2-rip2">RIPK2/RIP2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ripk3-rip3">RIPK3/RIP3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/ripk4-rip4">RIPK4/RIP4</a></li> <li><a href="/target/rock1">ROCK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/rsk2">RSK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/sgk1">SGK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/sgk2">SGK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/sgk3">SGK3</a></li> <li><a href="/target/snf1lk2-sik2">SNF1LK2/SIK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/sphingosine-kinase-1-sphk1">Sphingosine Kinase 1/SPHK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/srpk2">SRPK2</a></li> <li><a href="/target/syk">SYK</a></li> <li><a href="/target/tor">TOR</a></li> <li><a href="/target/wnk1">WNK1</a></li> <li><a href="/target/zap70">ZAP70</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ra_menu_block"> <div class="et-researchareas-related-info ra_related_info ra_menu_items"> <div class="et-researchareas-related-info-block"> <h2 class="et-researchareas-related-info-title">Related Information</h2> <ul 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