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subtractive hybridization</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: suppression subtractive hybridization"> <meta name="keywords" content="suppression subtractive hybridization"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research 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method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="suppression subtractive hybridization"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 433</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: suppression subtractive hybridization</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> Attachment and Emotion Regulation among Adults with versus without Somatic Symptom Disorder </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Constantinescu">Natalia Constantinescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This cross-sectional study aims to explore the differences among adults with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) versus adults without SSD in terms of attachment and emotion regulation strategies. A total sample of 80 participants (40 people with SSD and 40 healthy controls), aged 20-57 years old (M = 31.69, SD = 10.55), were recruited from institutions and online groups. They completed the Romanian version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale – Short Form (ECR-S), Regulation of Emotion Systems Survey (RESS), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and Somatic Symptom Disorder – B Criteria Scale (SSD-12). The results indicate significant differences between the two groups in terms of attachment and emotion regulation strategies. Adults with SSD have a higher level of attachment anxiety and avoidance compared to the nonclinical group. Moreover, people with SSD are more prone to use rumination and suppression and less prone to use reevaluation compared to healthy people. Implications for SSD prevention and treatment are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20attachment" title="adult attachment">adult attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20regulation%20strategies" title=" emotion regulation strategies"> emotion regulation strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychosomatic%20disorders" title=" psychosomatic disorders"> psychosomatic disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20symptom%20disorder" title=" somatic symptom disorder"> somatic symptom disorder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139582/attachment-and-emotion-regulation-among-adults-with-versus-without-somatic-symptom-disorder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> SNR Classification Using Multiple CNNs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thinh%20Ngo">Thinh Ngo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Rad"> Paul Rad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Kelley"> Brian Kelley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Noise estimation is essential in today wireless systems for power control, adaptive modulation, interference suppression and quality of service. Deep learning (DL) has already been applied in the physical layer for modulation and signal classifications. Unacceptably low accuracy of less than 50% is found to undermine traditional application of DL classification for SNR prediction. In this paper, we use divide-and-conquer algorithm and classifier fusion method to simplify SNR classification and therefore enhances DL learning and prediction. Specifically, multiple CNNs are used for classification rather than a single CNN. Each CNN performs a binary classification of a single SNR with two labels: less than, greater than or equal. Together, multiple CNNs are combined to effectively classify over a range of SNR values from −20 ≤ SNR ≤ 32 dB.We use pre-trained CNNs to predict SNR over a wide range of joint channel parameters including multiple Doppler shifts (0, 60, 120 Hz), power-delay profiles, and signal-modulation types (QPSK,16QAM,64-QAM). The approach achieves individual SNR prediction accuracy of 92%, composite accuracy of 70% and prediction convergence one order of magnitude faster than that of traditional estimation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNN" title=" CNN"> CNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SNR" title=" SNR"> SNR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118278/snr-classification-using-multiple-cnns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Countering Terrorism and Defending Human Right after 9/11: The European Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Blagojevi%C4%87">Anita Blagojević</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that the terrorist attacks on the New York City and Washington, D.C. prompted unprecedented international action to enhance international cooperation in the prevention and suppression of terrorism. In the months (and years) after September 11, the world community focused on two main efforts: first, on efforts to bring those responsible for terrorist attacks to justice, and second, on efforts to prevent future terrorist attacks. In that sense, many governments took advantage of these efforts to strengthen their national security. In that process, however, human rights and civil liberties of certain groups of people were alleged. As a consequence, part of the price paid for protecting national security against terrorist attacks was the threat of infringement on people's fundamental rights and freedoms. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of the European Union and the Council of Europe in finding the answer to the one of the main security dilemma for the present era: how to find the balance between the protection of national security and guarantee of the people's rights and fundamental freedoms? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title="terrorism">terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiterrorism" title=" antiterrorism"> antiterrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Council%20of%20Europe" title=" Council of Europe"> Council of Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22623/countering-terrorism-and-defending-human-right-after-911-the-european-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Impact of Tuberculosis Co-infection on Cytokine Expression in HIV-Infected Individuals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nosik">M. Nosik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Rymanova"> I. Rymanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Adamovich"> N. Adamovich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sevostyanihin"> S. Sevostyanihin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ryzhov"> K. Ryzhov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Kuimova"> Y. Kuimova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kravtchenko"> A. Kravtchenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Sergeeva"> N. Sergeeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sobkin"> A. Sobkin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) infections each speed the other's progress. HIV-infection increases the risk of TB disease. At the same time, TB infection is associated with clinical progression of HIV-infection. HIV+TB co-infected patients are also at higher risk of acquiring new opportunistic infections. An important feature of disease progression and clinical outcome is the innate and acquired immune responses. HIV and TB, however, have a spectrum of dysfunctions of the immune response. As cytokines play a crucial role in the immunopathology of both infections, it is important to study immune interactions in patients with dual infection HIV+TB. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ and immunoregulating cytokines IL-4, IL-10 were evaluated in 75 patients with dual infection HIV+TB, 58 patients with HIV monoinfection and 50 patients with TB monoinfection who were previously naïve for HAART. The decreased levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 were observed in patients with dual infection HIV+TB in comparison with patients who had only HIV or TB which means the profound suppression of Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion. Thus, those cytokines could possibly serve as immunological markers of progression of HIV-infection in patients with TB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis%20%28TB%29" title=" tuberculosis (TB)"> tuberculosis (TB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%20associated%20with%20TB" title=" HIV associated with TB"> HIV associated with TB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Th1%2F%20Th2%20cytokine%20expression" title=" Th1/ Th2 cytokine expression"> Th1/ Th2 cytokine expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42133/impact-of-tuberculosis-co-infection-on-cytokine-expression-in-hiv-infected-individuals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> Sensitivity Enhancement in Graphene Based Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angad%20S.%20Kushwaha">Angad S. Kushwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeev%20Kumar"> Rajeev Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Srivastava"> Monika Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Srivastava"> S. K. Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A lot of research work is going on in the field of graphene based SPR biosensor. In the conventional SPR based biosensor, graphene is used as a biomolecular recognition element. Graphene adsorbs biomolecules due to carbon based ring structure through sp2 hybridization. The proposed SPR based biosensor configuration will open a new avenue for efficient biosensing by taking the advantage of Graphene and its fascinating nanofabrication properties. In the present study, we have studied an SPR biosensor based on graphene mediated by Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Gold. In the proposed structure, prism (BK7) base is coated with Zinc Oxide followed by Gold and Graphene. Using the waveguide approach by transfer matrix method, the proposed structure has been investigated theoretically. We have analyzed the reflectance versus incidence angle curve using He-Ne laser of wavelength 632.8 nm. Angle, at which the reflectance is minimized, termed as SPR angle. The shift in SPR angle is responsible for biosensing. From the analysis of reflectivity curve, we have found that there is a shift in SPR angle as the biomolecules get attached on the graphene surface. This graphene layer also enhances the sensitivity of the SPR sensor as compare to the conventional sensor. The sensitivity also increases by increasing the no of graphene layer. So in our proposed biosensor we have found minimum possible reflectivity with optimum level of sensitivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title="biosensor">biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity" title=" sensitivity"> sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20plasmon%20resonance" title=" surface plasmon resonance"> surface plasmon resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20matrix%20method" title=" transfer matrix method"> transfer matrix method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40534/sensitivity-enhancement-in-graphene-based-surface-plasmon-resonance-spr-biosensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Resource Leveling Optimization in Construction Projects of High Voltage Substations Using Nature-Inspired Intelligent Evolutionary Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20Ntardas">Dimitrios Ntardas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandros%20Tzanetos"> Alexandros Tzanetos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgios%20Dounias"> Georgios Dounias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High Voltage Substations (HVS) are the intermediate step between production of power and successfully transmitting it to clients, making them one of the most important checkpoints in power grids. Nowadays - renewable resources and consequently distributed generation are growing fast, the construction of HVS is of high importance both in terms of quality and time completion so that new energy producers can quickly and safely intergrade in power grids. The resources needed, such as machines and workers, should be carefully allocated so that the construction of a HVS is completed on time, with the lowest possible cost (e.g. not spending additional cost that were not taken into consideration, because of project delays), but in the highest quality. In addition, there are milestones and several checkpoints to be precisely achieved during construction to ensure the cost and timeline control and to ensure that the percentage of governmental funding will be granted. The management of such a demanding project is a NP-hard problem that consists of prerequisite constraints and resource limits for each task of the project. In this work, a hybrid meta-heuristic method is implemented to solve this problem. Meta-heuristics have been proven to be quite useful when dealing with high-dimensional constraint optimization problems. Hybridization of them results in boost of their performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20meta-heuristic%20methods" title="hybrid meta-heuristic methods">hybrid meta-heuristic methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substation%20construction" title=" substation construction"> substation construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-cost%20efficiency" title=" time-cost efficiency"> time-cost efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106782/resource-leveling-optimization-in-construction-projects-of-high-voltage-substations-using-nature-inspired-intelligent-evolutionary-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> Decolonialism: Addressing Colonial Legacies and Challenging Dominant Narratives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Amorim%20Da%20Silva">Patricia Amorim Da Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the ongoing process of decolonialism, focusing on addressing the lasting consequences of colonialism. Centred on identity within marginalized communities, the study challenges Eurocentric frameworks and advocates for diverse perspectives. Emphasizing critical self-awareness among researchers regarding biases in their work, decolonialism influences feminist theory and global counter-publics. At its core is the concept of epistemicide, the intentional suppression of knowledge in unequal cultural interactions. Colonial imposition has devalued local knowledge, contributing to cultural loss and undermining autonomy. The paper underscores the importance of reclaiming indigenous knowledge to revitalize local cultures and languages, particularly pertinent to the Brazilian context. This contribution to the discourse on decolonialism underscores the imperative to challenge prevailing narratives and empower historically subordinated communities. The study aspires to advance feminist theory and decolonial studies, fostering a more equitable and inclusive global society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decolonialism" title="decolonialism">decolonialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial%20legacies" title=" colonial legacies"> colonial legacies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eurocentrism" title=" Eurocentrism"> Eurocentrism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epistemicide" title=" epistemicide"> epistemicide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176647/decolonialism-addressing-colonial-legacies-and-challenging-dominant-narratives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> A Hybrid Algorithm Based on Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure and Chemical Reaction Optimization for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Hard Time Windows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Boudali">Imen Boudali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20Ragmoun"> Marwa Ragmoun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Vehicle Routing Problem with Hard Time Windows (VRPHTW) is a basic distribution management problem that models many real-world problems. The objective of the problem is to deliver a set of customers with known demands on minimum-cost vehicle routes while satisfying vehicle capacity and hard time windows for customers. In this paper, we propose to deal with our optimization problem by using a new hybrid stochastic algorithm based on two metaheuristics: Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) and Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP). The first method is inspired by the natural process of chemical reactions enabling the transformation of unstable substances with excessive energy to stable ones. During this process, the molecules interact with each other through a series of elementary reactions to reach minimum energy for their existence. This property is embedded in CRO to solve the VRPHTW. In order to enhance the population diversity throughout the search process, we integrated the GRASP in our method. Simulation results on the base of Solomon’s benchmark instances show the very satisfactory performances of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benchmark%20Problems" title="Benchmark Problems">Benchmark Problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Combinatorial%20Optimization" title=" Combinatorial Optimization"> Combinatorial Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vehicle%20Routing%20Problem%20with%20Hard%20Time%20Windows" title=" Vehicle Routing Problem with Hard Time Windows"> Vehicle Routing Problem with Hard Time Windows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meta-heuristics" title=" Meta-heuristics"> Meta-heuristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hybridization" title=" Hybridization"> Hybridization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GRASP" title=" GRASP"> GRASP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRO" title=" CRO"> CRO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70528/a-hybrid-algorithm-based-on-greedy-randomized-adaptive-search-procedure-and-chemical-reaction-optimization-for-the-vehicle-routing-problem-with-hard-time-windows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> Glycine Betaine Affects Antioxidant Response and Lipid Peroxidation in Wheat Genotypes under Water-Deficit Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Thind">S. K. Thind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Gupta"> Neha Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glycine betaine (N, N’, N’’– trimethyl glycine), (GB) as aqueous solution (100 mM) containing 0.1% TWEEN-20 (Ploythylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate) was sprayed on selected nineteen wheat genotypes at maximum tillering and anthesis stages. Water-deficit conditions resulted in lipid peroxidation. GB applications reduced lipid peroxidation in all wheat genotypes at both the stages. Catalase (CAT) activity was recorded more in control than under stressed conditions in selected wheat genotypes at both the stages; GB had no effect. The ascorbic acid content in leaves of selected genotypes increased under water deficit. A genotypic variability in Ascorbate peroxidase (APx) activity was recorded and GB treatment decreased it. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased significantly under water-deficit at both stages in all genotypes. In present study, prolonged water-deficit conditions caused CAT deficiency/suppression which was compensated by APX and SOD; and GB exogenous application mitigated negative effect of water-deficit stress on lipid peroxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycine-betaine" title="glycine-betaine">glycine-betaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20peroxidation" title=" lipid peroxidation"> lipid peroxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROS" title=" ROS"> ROS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20deficit%20stress" title=" water deficit stress"> water deficit stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14137/glycine-betaine-affects-antioxidant-response-and-lipid-peroxidation-in-wheat-genotypes-under-water-deficit-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> Electrocatalytic Enhancement Mechanism of Dual-Atom and Single-Atom MXenes-Based Catalyst in Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Zhao.%20Xuerong%20Zheng.%20Andrey%20L.%20Rogach">Xin Zhao. Xuerong Zheng. Andrey L. Rogach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using single metal atoms has been considered an efficient way to develop new HER and OER catalysts. MXenes, a class of two-dimensional materials, have attracted tremendous interest as promising substrates for single-atom metal catalysts. However, there is still a lack of systematic investigations on the interaction mechanisms between various MXenes substrates and single atoms. Besides, due to the poor interaction between metal atoms and substrates resulting in low loading and stability, dual-atom MXenes-based catalysts have not been successfully synthesized. We summarized the electrocatalytic enhancement mechanism of three MXenes-based single-atom catalysts through experimental and theoretical results demonstrating the stronger hybridization between Co 3d and surface-terminated O 2p orbitals, optimizing the electronic structure of Co single atoms in the composite. This, in turn, lowers the OER and HER energy barriers and accelerates the catalytic kinetics in the case of the Co@V2CTx composite. The poor interaction between single atoms and substrates can be improved by a surface modification to synthesize dual-atom catalysts. The synergistic electronic structure enhances the stability and electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst. Our study provides guidelines for designing single-atom and dual-atom MXene-based electrocatalysts and sheds light on the origins of the catalytic activity of single-atoms on MXene substrates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-atom%20catalyst" title="dual-atom catalyst">dual-atom catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-atom%20catalyst" title=" single-atom catalyst"> single-atom catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MXene%20substrates" title=" MXene substrates"> MXene substrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20splitting" title=" water splitting"> water splitting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167235/electrocatalytic-enhancement-mechanism-of-dual-atom-and-single-atom-mxenes-based-catalyst-in-oxygen-and-hydrogen-evolution-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Perfluoroheptanoic Acid Affects Xenopus Embryo Embryogenesis by Inducing the Phosphorylation of ERK and JNK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chowon%20Kim">Chowon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoo-Kyung%20Kim"> Yoo-Kyung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyeong%20Yeon%20Park"> Kyeong Yeon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Shik%20Lee"> Hyun-Shik Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are globally distributed synthetic compounds that are known to adversely affect human health. Developmental toxicity assessment of PFCs is important to facilitate the evaluation of their environmental impact. In the present study, we assessed the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of PFCs with different numbers of carbon atoms on Xenopus embryogenesis. An initial frog embryo teratogenicity assay-Xenopus (FETAX) assay was performed that identified perfluorohexanoic (PFHxA) and perfluoroheptanoic (PFHpA) acids as potential teratogens and developmental toxicants. The mechanism underlying this teratogenicity was also investigated by measuring the expression of tissue-specific biomarkers such as phosphotyrosine‑binding protein, xPTB (liver); NKX2.5 (heart); and Cyl18 (intestine). Whole‑mount in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase‑polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and histologic analyses detected severe defects in the liver and heart following exposure to PFHxA or PFHpA. In addition, immunoblotting revealed that PFHpA significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while PFHxA slightly increased these, as compared with the control. These results suggest that PFHxA and PFHpA are developmental toxicants and teratogens, with PFHpA producing more severe effects on liver and heart development through the induction of ERK and JNK phosphorylation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PFCs" title="PFCs">PFCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERK" title=" ERK"> ERK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JNK" title=" JNK"> JNK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xenopus" title=" xenopus"> xenopus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46964/perfluoroheptanoic-acid-affects-xenopus-embryo-embryogenesis-by-inducing-the-phosphorylation-of-erk-and-jnk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> Load Maximization of Two-Link Flexible Manipulator Using Suppression Vibration with Piezoelectric Transducer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Heidari">Hamidreza Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Malmir%20Nasab"> Abdollah Malmir Nasab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the energy equations of a two-link flexible manipulator were extracted using the Euler-Bernoulli beam hypotheses. Applying Assumed mode and considering some finite degrees of freedom, we could obtain dynamic motions of each manipulator using Euler-Lagrange equations. Using its claws, the robots can carry a certain load with the ached control of vibrations for robot flexible links during the travelling path using the piezoceramics transducer; dynamic load carrying capacity increase. The traveling path of flexible robot claw has been taken from that of equivalent rigid manipulator and coupled; therefore to avoid the role of Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions and linear strains, material and physical characteristics selection of robot cause deflection of link ends not exceed 5% of link length. To do so, the maximum load carrying capacity of robot is calculated at the horizontal plan. The increasing of robot load carrying capacity with vibration control is 53%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20link" title="flexible link">flexible link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DLCC" title=" DLCC"> DLCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20control%20vibration" title=" active control vibration"> active control vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assumed%20mode%20method" title=" assumed mode method"> assumed mode method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54871/load-maximization-of-two-link-flexible-manipulator-using-suppression-vibration-with-piezoelectric-transducer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> Numerical Investigation on Tsunami Suppression by Submerged Breakwater </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasuku%20Hongo">Tasuku Hongo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroya%20Mamori"> Hiroya Mamori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoya%20Fukushima"> Naoya Fukushima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Yamamoto"> Makoto Yamamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A tsunami induced by an earthquake gives a severe disaster in coastal area. As well known, the huge earthquake in Japan 2011 induced a huge tsunami and the tsunami caused serious damage in the Tohoku and Kanto area. Although breakwaters were constructed in the coast to suppress the tsunami, these were collapsed, and it resulted in severe disasters. In order to decrease the tsunami disaster, we propose the submerged breakwaters and investigate its effect on the tsunami behavior by means of numerical simulations. In order to reproduce tsunami and capture its interface, we employed a moving particle method which is one of the Lagragian methods. Different from ordinary breakwaters, the present breakwater is located in the under-sea. An effective installation condition is investigated by the parametric study. The results show that the submerged breakwater can decrease the wave force by the tsunami. Moreover, the combination of two submerged breakwaters can reduce the tsunami safely and effectively. Therefore, the present results give the effective condition of the installation of the under-sea breakwaters and its mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20area" title="coastal area">coastal area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tsunami%20force%20reduction" title=" tsunami force reduction"> tsunami force reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPS%20method" title=" MPS method"> MPS method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20breakwater" title=" submerged breakwater"> submerged breakwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88772/numerical-investigation-on-tsunami-suppression-by-submerged-breakwater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> Functional Traits and Agroecosystem Multifunctionality in Summer Cover Crop Mixtures and Monocultures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etienne%20Herrick">Etienne Herrick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As an economically and ecologically feasible method for farmers to introduce greater diversity into their crop rotations, cover cropping presents a valuable opportunity for improving the sustainability of food production. Planted in-between cash crop growing seasons, cover crops serve to enhance agroecosystem functioning, rather than being destined for sale or consumption. In fact, cover crops may hold the capacity to deliver multiple ecosystem functions or services simultaneously (multifunctionality). Building upon this line of research will not only benefit society at present, but also support its continued survival through its potential for restoring depleted soils and reducing the need for energy-intensive and harmful external inputs like fertilizers and pesticides. This study utilizes a trait-based approach to explore the influence of inter- and intra-specific interactions in summer cover crop mixtures and monocultures on functional trait expression and ecosystem services. Functional traits that enhance ecosystem services related to agricultural production include height, specific leaf area (SLA), root, shoot ratio, leaf C and N concentrations, and flowering phenology. Ecosystem services include biomass production, weed suppression, reduced N leaching, N recycling, and support of pollinators. Employing a trait-based approach may allow for the elucidation of mechanistic links between plant structure and resulting ecosystem service delivery. While relationships between some functional traits and the delivery of particular ecosystem services may be readily apparent through existing ecological knowledge (e.g. height positively correlating with weed suppression), this study will begin to quantify those relationships so as to gain further understanding of whether and how measurable variation in functional trait expression across cover crop mixtures and monocultures can serve as a reliable predictor of variation in the types and abundances of ecosystem services delivered. Six cover crop species, including legume, grass, and broadleaf functional types, were selected for growth in six mixtures and their component monocultures based upon the principle of trait complementarity. The tricultures (three-way mixtures) are comprised of a legume, grass, and broadleaf species, and include cowpea/sudex/buckwheat, sunnhemp/sudex/buckwheat, and chickling vetch/oat/buckwheat combinations; the dicultures contain the same legume and grass combinations as above, without the buckwheat broadleaf. By combining species with expectedly complimentary traits (for example, legumes are N suppliers and grasses are N acquirers, creating a nutrient cycling loop) the cover crop mixtures may elicit a broader range of ecosystem services than that provided by a monoculture, though trade-offs could exist. Collecting functional trait data will enable the investigation of the types of interactions driving these ecosystem service outcomes. It also allows for generalizability across a broader range of species than just those selected for this study, which may aid in informing further research efforts exploring species and ecosystem functioning, as well as on-farm management decisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agroecology" title="agroecology">agroecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cover%20crops" title=" cover crops"> cover crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20traits" title=" functional traits"> functional traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multifunctionality" title=" multifunctionality"> multifunctionality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trait%20complementarity" title=" trait complementarity"> trait complementarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79019/functional-traits-and-agroecosystem-multifunctionality-in-summer-cover-crop-mixtures-and-monocultures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> Effect of Multilayered MnBi Films on Magnetic and Microstructural Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Sook%20Lee">Hyun-Sook Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongjae%20Moon"> Hongjae Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hwaebong%20Jung"> Hwaebong Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumin%20Kim"> Sumin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wooyoung%20Lee"> Wooyoung Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-temperature phase (LTP) of MnBi has attracted much attention because it has a larger coercivity than that of Nd-Fe-B at high temperature, which gives high potential as a permanent magnet material that can be used at such high temperature. We present variation in magnetic properties of MnBi films by controlling the numbers of Bi/Mn bilayer. The thin films of LTP-MnBi were fabricated onto glass substrates by UHV sputtering, followed by in-situ annealing process at an optimized condition of 350 °C and 1.5 hours. The composition ratio of Bi/Mn was adjusted by varying the thickness of Bi and Mn layers. The highest value of (BH)max ~ 8.6 MGOe at room temperature was obtained in one Bi/Mn bilayer with 34 nm Bi and 16 nm Mn. To investigate the effect of Bi/Mn multilayers on the magnetic properties, we increased the numbers of Bi/Mn bilayer up to five at which the total film thicknesses of Bi and Mn were fixed with 34 nm and 16 nm. The increase of coercivity was observed up to three layers from 4.8 kOe to 15.3 kOe and then suppression was appeared. A reversed behavior was exhibited in the magnetization. We found that these were closely related to a microstructural change of LTP-MnBi and a reduction of growth rate of LTP-MnBi by analyzing XRD and TEM results. We will discuss how the multilayered MnBi affects the magnetic properties in details. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coercivity" title="coercivity">coercivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MnBi" title=" MnBi"> MnBi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20film" title=" multilayer film"> multilayer film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20magnet" title=" permanent magnet"> permanent magnet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51229/effect-of-multilayered-mnbi-films-on-magnetic-and-microstructural-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Response of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L). Moench) to Soil Amendments and Weeding Regime</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusegun%20Raphael%20Adeyemi">Olusegun Raphael Adeyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Oluwaseun%20Osunleti"> Samuel Oluwaseun Osunleti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiddin%20Adekunle%20Bashiruddin">Abiddin Adekunle Bashiruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Field trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria to evaluate the effect of biochar application under different weeding regimes on growth and yield of okra. Treatments were laid out in split- plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot treatments were three levels of biochar namely 0t/ha, 10t/ha and 20t/ha while sub-plots treatments consisted of four weeding regimes (weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS, weeding at 3 and 6 WAS, weeding at 3 WAS and weedy check as control). Data collected on growth and yield of okra, and weed parameters were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means were separated using least significant difference at p < 0.05. Results showed that biochar applied at 20 t/ha increased okra yield by 47.5% compared to the control. Weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS gave the highest okra yield. Uncontrolled weed infestation throughout crop growth resulted in 87.3% yield reduction in okra. It is concluded that weed suppression , growth and yield of okra can be enhanced by the application of biochar at 20t/ha and weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS hence recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title="biochar">biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=okra" title=" okra"> okra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weeding" title=" weeding"> weeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weed%20competition" title=" weed competition"> weed competition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181280/response-of-okra-abelmoschus-esculentus-l-moench-to-soil-amendments-and-weeding-regime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> Response of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L). Moench) to Soil Amendments and Weeding Regime</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusegun%20Raphael%20Adeyemi">Olusegun Raphael Adeyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Oluwaseun%20Osunleti"> Samuel Oluwaseun Osunleti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiddin%20Adekunle%20Bashiruddin"> Abiddin Adekunle Bashiruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Field trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, to evaluate the effect of biochar application under different weeding regimes on the growth and yield of okra. Treatments were laid out in a split- plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot treatments were three levels of biochar, namely 0t/ha, 10t/ha and 20t/ha while sub-plot treatments consisted of four weeding regimes (weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS, weeding at 3 and 6 WAS, weeding at 3 WAS and weedy check as control). Data collected on growth and yield of okra and weed parameters were subjected to analysis of variance, and treatment means were separated using the least significant difference at p < 0.05. Results showed that biochar applied at 20 t/ha increased okra yield by 47.5% compared to the control. Weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS gave the highest okra yield. Uncontrolled weed infestation throughout crop growth resulted in an 87.3% yield reduction in okra. It is concluded that weed suppression, growth and yield of okra can be enhanced by the application of biochar at 20t/ha and weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS hence recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title="biochar">biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=okra" title=" okra"> okra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weeding" title=" weeding"> weeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weed%20competition" title=" weed competition"> weed competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184663/response-of-okra-abelmoschus-esculentus-l-moench-to-soil-amendments-and-weeding-regime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> Evaluation of Real Time PCR Methods for Food Safety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergun%20Sakalar">Ergun Sakalar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kubra%20Bilgic"> Kubra Bilgic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last decades, real-time PCR has become a reliable tool preferred to use in many laboratories for pathogen detection. This technique allows for monitoring target amplification via fluorescent molecules besides admit of quantitative analysis by enabling of convert outcomes of thermal cycling to digital data. Sensitivity and traceability of real-time PCR are based on measuring of fluorescence that appears only when fluorescent reporter dye bound to specific target DNA.The fluorescent reporter systems developed for this purpose are divided into two groups. The first group consists of intercalator fluorescence dyes such as SYBR Green, EvaGreen which binds to double-stranded DNA. On the other hand, the second group includes fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotide probes that are separated into three subgroups due to differences in mechanism of action; initial primer-probes such as Cyclicons, Angler®, Amplifluor®, LUX™, Scorpions, and the second one hydrolysis probes like TaqMan, Snake assay, finally hybridization probes, for instance, Molecular Beacons, Hybprobe/FRET, HyBeacon™, MGB-Eclipse, ResonSense®, Yin-Yang, MGB-Pleiades. In addition nucleic acid analogues, an increase of probe affinity to target site is also employed with fluorescence-labeled probes. Consequently, abundant real-time PCR detection chemistries are chosen by researcher according to the field of application, mechanism of action, advantages, and proper structures of primer/probes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescent%20dye" title="fluorescent dye">fluorescent dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title=" food safety"> food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20probes" title=" molecular probes"> molecular probes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleic%20acid%20analogues" title=" nucleic acid analogues"> nucleic acid analogues</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53082/evaluation-of-real-time-pcr-methods-for-food-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Fail Analysis of the Filter in a Land Dam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guillermo%20Cardoso-Landa">Guillermo Cardoso-Landa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Julita%20Cuenca-Castro"> Ana Julita Cuenca-Castro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper focuses to research the possible causes of curtain failure of dam "El Batan" in Querétaro, Mexico, including the design of the fineness of the employee filter during the construction of the curtain was verified since this depends greatly on the proper functioning of this filter. To carry out the required analysis, it was necessary to document elements provided understanding about the composition and behavior of the land curtain, and the main types of failure in these curtains. The general characteristics of the curtain dam "El Batan", the composition of the filter, as well as possible causes resulted in the failure were also analyzed. Once obtained data starting, the actual analysis was carried out by reviewing the following possible causes of failure: fails due to a poor constructive process of the curtain, failure due to hydraulic suppression, fails due to a structural design wrong, fails due to a geotechnical design wrong, fails due to a hydraulic design wrong, fails due to an inadequate design of the curtain filter. It is concluded that the type of the filter employed in the land dam curtain of "El Batan", located in the municipality of Querétaro, México, do not have adequate characteristics, outside of the ranges of design, using the curves: Terzaghi criteria, Sherard and Dunnigan criteria, UCSCS criteria, and Foster and Fell criteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title="failure">failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dam" title=" dam"> dam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter" title=" filter"> filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curtain" title=" curtain"> curtain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21862/fail-analysis-of-the-filter-in-a-land-dam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Following the Modulation of Transcriptional Activity of Genes by Chromatin Modifications during the Cell Cycle in Living Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharon%20Yunger">Sharon Yunger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liat%20Altman"> Liat Altman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuval%20Garini"> Yuval Garini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaron%20Shav-Tal"> Yaron Shav-Tal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the dynamics of transcription in living cells has improved since the development of quantitative fluorescence-based imaging techniques. We established a method for following transcription from a single copy gene in living cells. A gene tagged with MS2 repeats, used for mRNA tagging, in its 3' UTR was integrated into a single genomic locus. The actively transcribing gene was detected and analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and live-cell imaging. Several cell clones were created that differed in the promoter regulating the gene. Thus, comparative analysis could be obtained without the risk of different position effects at each integration site. Cells in S/G2 phases could be detected exhibiting two adjacent transcription sites on sister chromatids. A sharp reduction in the transcription levels was observed as cells progressed along the cell cycle. We hypothesized that a change in chromatin structure acts as a general mechanism during the cell cycle leading to down-regulation in the activity of some genes. We addressed this question by treating the cells with chromatin decondensing agents. Quantifying and imaging the treated cells suggests that chromatin structure plays a role both in regulating transcriptional levels along the cell cycle, as well as in limiting an active gene from reaching its maximum transcription potential at any given time. These results contribute to understanding the role of chromatin as a regulator of gene expression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20cycle" title="cell cycle">cell cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=living%20cells" title=" living cells"> living cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus" title=" nucleus"> nucleus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcription" title=" transcription"> transcription</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40812/following-the-modulation-of-transcriptional-activity-of-genes-by-chromatin-modifications-during-the-cell-cycle-in-living-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Investigation of Rifampicin and Isoniazid Resistance Mutated Genes in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated From Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Mohammad%20Amin%20Mousavi%20Sagharchi">Seyyed Mohammad Amin Mousavi Sagharchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Mahmoudi%20Nasab"> Alireza Mahmoudi Nasab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tim%20Bakker"> Tim Bakker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the most intelligent bacterium that existed in the world to our best knowledge. This bacterium can cause tuberculosis (TB) which is responsible for its spread speed and murder of millions of people around the world. MTB has the practical function to escape from anti-tuberculosis drugs (AT), for this purpose, it handles some mutations in the main genes and creates new patterns for inhibited genes. Method and materials: Researchers have their best tries to safely isolate MTB from the sputum specimens of 35 patients in some hospitals in the Tehran province and detect MTB by culture on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium and microscopic examination. DNA was extracted from the established bacterial colony by enzymatic extraction method. It was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, reverse hybridization, and evaluation for detection of resistance genes; generally, researchers apply GenoType MTBDRplus assay. Results: Investigations of results declare us that 21 of the isolated specimens (about 60%) have mutation in rpoB gene, which resisted to rifampicin (most prevalence), and 8 of them (about 22.8%) have mutation in katG or inhA genes which resisted to isoniazid. Also, 4 of them (about 11.4%) don't have any mutation, and 2 of them (about 5.7%) have mutation in every three genes, which makes them resistant to the two drugs mentioned above. Conclusion: Rifampicin and isoniazid are two essential AT that using in the first line of treatment. Resistance in rpoB, and katG, and inhA genes related to mentioned drugs lead to ineffective treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycobacterium%20tuberculosis" title="mycobacterium tuberculosis">mycobacterium tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title=" tuberculosis"> tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20resistance" title=" drug resistance"> drug resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isoniazid" title=" isoniazid"> isoniazid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rifampicin" title=" rifampicin"> rifampicin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165030/investigation-of-rifampicin-and-isoniazid-resistance-mutated-genes-in-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-isolated-from-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Half Mode Substrate Integrated Wave Guide of Band Pass Filter Based to Defected Ground Structure Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damou%20Mehdi">Damou Mehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouri%20Keltoum"> Nouri Keltoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feham%20Mohammed"> Feham Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khazini%20Mohammed"> Khazini Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouazza%20Tayb%20Habibi%20Chawki"> Bouazza Tayb Habibi Chawki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Half mode SIW filter is treated by two softwares (HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and CST (Computer Simulation Technology)). The filter HMSIW has a very simple structure and a very compact size. The simulated results by CST are presented and compared with the results simulated by a high-frequency structure simulator. Good agreement between the simulated CST and simulated results by HFSS is observed. By cascading two of them according to design requirement, a X-band bandpass filter is designed and simulated to meet compact size, low insertion loss, good return loss as well as second harmonic suppression. As an example, we designed the proposed HMSIW filter at X band by HFSS. The filter has a pass-band from 7.3 GHz to 9.8 GHz, and its relative operating fraction bandwidth is 29.5 %. There are one transmission zeros are located at 14.4 GHz. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate%20integrated%20waveguide" title="substrate integrated waveguide">substrate integrated waveguide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter" title=" filter"> filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMSIW" title=" HMSIW"> HMSIW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defected%20ground%20structures%20%28DGS%29" title=" defected ground structures (DGS)"> defected ground structures (DGS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20BPF" title=" simulation BPF"> simulation BPF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42122/half-mode-substrate-integrated-wave-guide-of-band-pass-filter-based-to-defected-ground-structure-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Microstrip Bandpass Filter with Wide Stopband and High Out-of-Band Rejection Based on Inter-Digital Capacitor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Farhat">Mohamad Farhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bal%20Virdee"> Bal Virdee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper present a compact Microstrip Bandpass filter exhibiting a very wide stop band and high selectivity. The filter comprises of asymmetric resonator structures, which are interconnected by an inter-digital capacitor to enable the realization of a wide bandwidth with high rejection level. High selectivity is obtained by optimizing the parameters of the interdigital capacitor. The filter has high out-of-band rejection (> 30 dB), less than 0.6 dB of insertion-loss, up to 5.5 GHz spurii free, and about 18 dB of return-loss. Full-wave electromagnetic simulator ADSTM (Mom) is used to analyze and optimize the prototype bandpass filter. The proposed technique was verified practically to validate the design methodology. The experimental results of the prototype circuit are presented and a good agreement was obtained comparing with the simulation results. The dimensions of the proposed filter are 32 x 24 mm2.The filter’s characteristics and compact size make it suitable for wireless communication systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20resonator" title="asymmetric resonator">asymmetric resonator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandpass%20filter" title=" bandpass filter"> bandpass filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip" title=" microstrip"> microstrip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spurious%20suppression" title=" spurious suppression"> spurious suppression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-wide%20stop%20band" title=" ultra-wide stop band"> ultra-wide stop band</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89052/microstrip-bandpass-filter-with-wide-stopband-and-high-out-of-band-rejection-based-on-inter-digital-capacitor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Heritability and Diversity Analysis of Blast Resistant Upland Rice Genotypes Based on Quantitative Traits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mst.%20Tuhina-Khatun">Mst. Tuhina-Khatun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hanafi%20Musa"> Mohamed Hanafi Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Rafii%20Yosup"> Mohd Rafii Yosup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wong%20Mui%20Yun"> Wong Mui Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Aktar-Uz-Zaman"> Md. Aktar-Uz-Zaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahbod%20Sahebi"> Mahbod Sahebi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice is a staple crop of economic importance of most Asian people, and blast is the major constraints for its higher yield. Heritability of plants traits helps plant breeders to make an appropriate selection and to assess the magnitude of genetic improvement through hybridization. Diversity of crop plants is necessary to manage the continuing genetic erosion and address the issues of genetic conservation for successfully meet the future food requirements. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to estimate heritability and to determine the diversity of 27 blast resistant upland rice genotypes based on 18 quantitative traits using randomized complete block design. Heritability value was found to vary from 38 to 93%. The lowest heritability belonged to the character total number of tillers/plant (38%). In contrast, number of filled grains/panicle, and yield/plant (g) was recorded for their highest heritability value viz. 93 and 91% correspondingly. Cluster analysis based on 18 traits grouped 27 rice genotypes into six clusters. Cluster I was the biggest, which comprised 17 genotypes, accounted for about 62.96% of total population. The multivariate analysis suggested that the genotype ‘Chokoto 14’ could be hybridized with ‘IR 5533-55-1-11’ and ‘IR 5533-PP 854-1’ for broadening the gene pool of blast resistant upland rice germplasms for yield and other favorable characters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20resistant" title="blast resistant">blast resistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity%20analysis" title=" diversity analysis"> diversity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritability" title=" heritability"> heritability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upland%20rice" title=" upland rice"> upland rice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38695/heritability-and-diversity-analysis-of-blast-resistant-upland-rice-genotypes-based-on-quantitative-traits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Optimized Processing of Neural Sensory Information with Unwanted Artifacts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Lachapelle">John Lachapelle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Neural stimulation is increasingly targeted toward treatment of back pain, PTSD, Parkinson’s disease, and for sensory perception. Sensory recording during stimulation is important in order to examine neural response to stimulation. Most neural amplifiers (headstages) focus on noise efficiency factor (NEF). Conversely, neural headstages need to handle artifacts from several sources including power lines, movement (EMG), and neural stimulation itself. In this work a layered approach to artifact rejection is used to reduce corruption of the neural ENG signal by 60dBv, resulting in recovery of sensory signals in rats and primates that would previously not be possible. Methods: The approach combines analog techniques to reduce and handle unwanted signal amplitudes. The methods include optimized (1) sensory electrode placement, (2) amplifier configuration, and (3) artifact blanking when necessary. The techniques together are like concentric moats protecting a castle; only the wanted neural signal can penetrate. There are two conditions in which the headstage operates: unwanted artifact < 50mV, linear operation, and artifact > 50mV, fast-settle gain reduction signal limiting (covered in more detail in a separate paper). Unwanted Signals at the headstage input: Consider: (a) EMG signals are by nature < 10mV. (b) 60 Hz power line signals may be > 50mV with poor electrode cable conditions; with careful routing much of the signal is common to both reference and active electrode and rejected in the differential amplifier with <50mV remaining. (c) An unwanted (to the neural recorder) stimulation signal is attenuated from stimulation to sensory electrode. The voltage seen at the sensory electrode can be modeled Φ_m=I_o/4πσr. For a 1 mA stimulation signal, with 1 cm spacing between electrodes, the signal is <20mV at the headstage. Headstage ASIC design: The front end ASIC design is designed to produce < 1% THD at 50mV input; 50 times higher than typical headstage ASICs, with no increase in noise floor. This requires careful balance of amplifier stages in the headstage ASIC, as well as consideration of the electrodes effect on noise. The ASIC is designed to allow extremely small signal extraction on low impedance (< 10kohm) electrodes with configuration of the headstage ASIC noise floor to < 700nV/rt-Hz. Smaller high impedance electrodes (> 100kohm) are typically located closer to neural sources and transduce higher amplitude signals (> 10uV); the ASIC low-power mode conserves power with 2uV/rt-Hz noise. Findings: The enhanced neural processing ASIC has been compared with a commercial neural recording amplifier IC. Chronically implanted primates at MGH demonstrated the presence of commercial neural amplifier saturation as a result of large environmental artifacts. The enhanced artifact suppression headstage ASIC, in the same setup, was able to recover and process the wanted neural signal separately from the suppressed unwanted artifacts. Separately, the enhanced artifact suppression headstage ASIC was able to separate sensory neural signals from unwanted artifacts in mouse-implanted peripheral intrafascicular electrodes. Conclusion: Optimizing headstage ASICs allow observation of neural signals in the presence of large artifacts that will be present in real-life implanted applications, and are targeted toward human implantation in the DARPA HAPTIX program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASIC" title="ASIC">ASIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensors" title=" biosensors"> biosensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20signal%20processing" title=" biomedical signal processing"> biomedical signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20sensors" title=" biomedical sensors"> biomedical sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40747/optimized-processing-of-neural-sensory-information-with-unwanted-artifacts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Numerical Simulation of Flow Past Inline Tandem Cylinders in Uniform Shear Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Bhatt">Rajesh Bhatt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilip%20Kumar%20Maiti"> Dilip Kumar Maiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The incompressible shear flow past a square cylinder placed parallel to a plane wall of side length A in presence of upstream rectangular cylinder of height 0.5A and width 0.25A in an inline tandem arrangement are numerically investigated using finite volume method. The discretized equations are solved by an implicit, time-marching, pressure correction based SIMPLE algorithm. This study provides the qualitative insight in to the dependency of basic structure (i.e. vortex shedding or suppression) of flow over the downstream square cylinder and the upstream rectangular cylinder (and hence the aerodynamic characteristics) on inter-cylinder spacing (S) and Reynolds number (Re). The spacing between the cylinders is varied systematically from S = 0.5A to S = 7.0A so the sensitivity of the flow structure between the cylinders can be inspected. A sudden jump in strouhal number is observed, which shows the transition of flow pattern in the wake of the cylinders. The results are presented at Re = 100 and 200 in term of Strouhal number, RMS and mean of lift and drag coefficients and contour plots for different spacing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20cylinder" title="square cylinder">square cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20shedding" title=" vortex shedding"> vortex shedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolated" title=" isolated"> isolated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tandem%20arrangement" title=" tandem arrangement"> tandem arrangement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacing%20distance" title=" spacing distance"> spacing distance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17017/numerical-simulation-of-flow-past-inline-tandem-cylinders-in-uniform-shear-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Enhancing Anode Performance in Li-S Batteries via Coating with Waste Battery-Derived Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Hajian%20Foroushani">Mohsen Hajian Foroushani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samane%20Maroufi"> Samane Maroufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasoul%20Khayyam%20Nekouei"> Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veena%20Sahajwalla"> Veena Sahajwalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lithium (Li) metal possesses outstanding characteristics, with the highest specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1) and the lowest electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs. SHE) among available metal anodes. The collaborative impact of Li and sulfur, featuring a specific capacity of 1670 mAh g-1, positions Li–S batteries (LSBs) as highly promising contenders for the next generation of high-energy-density batteries. However, the comprehensive commercialization of LSBs relies on addressing various challenges inherent to these batteries. One of the most formidable hurdles is the widespread issue of Li dendrite nucleation and growth on the anode surface, stemming from the inherent instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. In this study, we employed a Zn-based coating derived from waste materials, significantly enhancing the performance of the symmetrical cell across various current densities. The applied coating not only improved the cyclability of the cell by more than fourfold but also reduced the charge transfer resistance from over 300 to less than 10 before cycling. Examination through SEM micrographs of both samples revealed the successful suppression of Li dendrites by the applied coating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-S%20batteries" title="Li-S batteries">Li-S batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20dendrite" title=" Li dendrite"> Li dendrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20anode" title=" Li anode"> Li anode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178806/enhancing-anode-performance-in-li-s-batteries-via-coating-with-waste-battery-derived-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178806.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> An Evaluation of Renewable Energy Sources in Green Building Systems for the Residential Sector in the Metropolis, Kolkata, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tirthankar%20Chakraborty">Tirthankar Chakraborty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indranil%20Mukherjee"> Indranil Mukherjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The environmental aspect had a major effect on industrial decisions after the deteriorating condition of our surroundings dsince the industrial activities became apparent. Green buildings have been seen as a possible solution to reduce the carbon emissions from construction projects and the housing industry in general. Though this has been established in several areas, with many commercial buildings being designed green, the scope for expansion is still significant and further information on the importance and advantages of green buildings is necessary. Several commercial green building projects have come up and the green buildings are mainly implemented in the residential sector when the residential projects are constructed to furnish amenities to a large population. But, residential buildings, even those of medium sizes, can be designed to incorporate elements of sustainable design. In this context, this paper attempts to give a theoretical appraisal of the use of renewable energy systems in residential buildings of different sizes considering the weather conditions (solar insolation and wind speed) of the metropolis, Kolkata, India. Three cases are taken; one with solar power, one with wind power and one with a combination of the two. All the cases are considered in conjunction with conventional energy, and the efficiency of each in fulfilling the total energy demand is verified. The optimum combination for reducing the carbon footprint of the residential building is thus established. In addition, an assessment of the amount of money saved due to green buildings in metered water supply and price of coal is also mentioned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title="renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20buildings" title=" green buildings"> green buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20power" title=" solar power"> solar power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20power" title=" wind power"> wind power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20hybridization" title=" energy hybridization"> energy hybridization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20sector" title=" residential sector "> residential sector </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9296/an-evaluation-of-renewable-energy-sources-in-green-building-systems-for-the-residential-sector-in-the-metropolis-kolkata-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Mechanical Characterization and CNC Rotary Ultrasonic Grinding of Crystal Glass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Torcato">Ricardo Torcato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helder%20Morais"> Helder Morais</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The manufacture of crystal glass parts is based on obtaining the rough geometry by blowing and/or injection, generally followed by a set of manual finishing operations using cutting and grinding tools. The forming techniques used do not allow the obtainment, with repeatability, of parts with complex shapes and the finishing operations use intensive specialized labor resulting in high cycle times and production costs. This work aims to explore the digital manufacture of crystal glass parts by investigating new subtractive techniques for the automated, flexible finishing of these parts. Finishing operations are essential to respond to customer demands in terms of crystal feel and shine. It is intended to investigate the applicability of different computerized finishing technologies, namely milling and grinding in a CNC machining center with or without ultrasonic assistance, to crystal processing. Research in the field of grinding hard and brittle materials, despite not being extensive, has increased in recent years, and scientific knowledge about the machinability of crystal glass is still very limited. However, it can be said that the unique properties of glass, such as high hardness and very low toughness, make any glass machining technology a very challenging process. This work will measure the performance improvement brought about by the use of ultrasound compared to conventional crystal grinding. This presentation is focused on the mechanical characterization and analysis of the cutting forces in CNC machining of superior crystal glass (Pb ≥ 30%). For the mechanical characterization, the Vickers hardness test provides an estimate of the material hardness (Hv) and the fracture toughness based on cracks that appear in the indentation. Mechanical impulse excitation test estimates the Young’s Modulus, shear modulus and Poisson ratio of the material. For the cutting forces, it a dynamometer was used to measure the forces in the face grinding process. The tests were made based on the Taguchi method to correlate the input parameters (feed rate, tool rotation speed and depth of cut) with the output parameters (surface roughness and cutting forces) to optimize the process (better roughness using the cutting forces that do not compromise the material structure and the tool life) using ANOVA. This study was conducted for conventional grinding and for the ultrasonic grinding process with the same cutting tools. It was possible to determine the optimum cutting parameters for minimum cutting forces and for minimum surface roughness in both grinding processes. Ultrasonic-assisted grinding provides a better surface roughness than conventional grinding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNC%20machining" title="CNC machining">CNC machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20glass" title=" crystal glass"> crystal glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20forces" title=" cutting forces"> cutting forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143427/mechanical-characterization-and-cnc-rotary-ultrasonic-grinding-of-crystal-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Mechanical and Optical Properties of Doped Aluminum Nitride Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padmalochan%20Panda">Padmalochan Panda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ramaseshan"> R. Ramaseshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a potential candidate for semiconductor industry due to its wide band gap (6.2 eV), high thermal conductivity and low thermal coefficient of expansion. A-plane oriented AlN film finds an important role in deep UV-LED with higher isotropic light extraction efficiency. Also, Cr-doped AlN films exhibit dilute magnetic semiconductor property with high Curie temperature (300 K), and thus compatible with modern day microelectronics. In this work, highly a-axis oriented wurtzite AlN and Al1-xMxN (M = Cr, Ti) films have synthesized by reactive co-sputtering technique at different concentration. Crystal structure of these films is studied by Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Identification of binding energy and concentration (x) in these films is carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Local crystal structure around the Cr and Ti atom of these films are investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). It is found that Cr and Ti replace the Al atom in AlN lattice and the bond lengths in first and second coordination sphere with N and Al, respectively, decrease concerning doping concentration due to strong p-d hybridization. The nano-indentation hardness of Cr and Ti-doped AlN films seems to increase from 17.5 GPa (AlN) to around 23 and 27.5 GPa, respectively. An-isotropic optical properties of these films are studied by the Spectroscopic Ellipsometry technique. Refractive index and extinction coefficient of these films are enhanced in normal dispersion region as compared to the parent AlN film. The optical band gap energies also seem to vary between deep UV to UV regions with the addition of Cr, thus by bringing out the usefulness of these films in the area of optoelectronic device applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ellipsometry" title="ellipsometry">ellipsometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIXRD" title=" GIXRD"> GIXRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XAS" title=" XAS"> XAS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95083/mechanical-and-optical-properties-of-doped-aluminum-nitride-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suppression%20subtractive%20hybridization&page=7" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suppression%20subtractive%20hybridization&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suppression%20subtractive%20hybridization&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suppression%20subtractive%20hybridization&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suppression%20subtractive%20hybridization&page=6">6</a></li> 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href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suppression%20subtractive%20hybridization&page=15">15</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suppression%20subtractive%20hybridization&page=9" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div 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